資源簡介

Section Ⅰ TOPIC TALK & LESSON 1
Period 1　 單元詞匯表
1．__________n．抵觸，沖突，矛盾 2．__________n．干涉，干預 3．__________n．學說，理論 4．__________adj．隨機的，隨意的 5．__________n．包裹；郵包 6．__________vt．& n．發表，發布；釋放 7．__________ n．面包烘房，糕餅店 8．__________ n．一連串，一系列；鏈子，鏈條 9．__________ adj．兩月一次的；一月兩次的 10．__________ n．成語，習語；警句 11．__________ n．診所，(醫院)門診部 12．__________ n．美術館，畫廊 13．__________ n．體育場，運動場 14．__________ n．郊區，近郊，城郊 15．__________ n．不和，沖突，摩擦 1．Now __________(stadium) are playing a similar role, to make cities more different from another． 2．The movie will __________ (release) on video in June． 3．In a society of diversity, various social __________ (conflict) are increasing． 4．Researchers took 60 adults and __________ (random) split them into three groups of 20． 5．There are many __________ (theory) about the origin of life． 6．Greater government __________(intervene) in businesses would represent a step backwards． 7．Many new words and __________ (phrase) have been included in the revised edition． 8．We've received an SOS from the area asking for food __________ (parcel)．
1．agree vt．& vi．同意，贊同；一致；符合→__________vt．& vi．不同意，不贊同；不一致；不符合→__________n．一致；同意；協議→__________n．意見不合，分歧，爭論 2．encourage vt．鼓勵，鼓舞→__________adj．令人鼓舞的，振奮人心的→__________n．鼓勵，鼓舞；起激勵作用的事物 3．disturb vt．干擾，打擾，使中斷→__________adj．煩惱的，心煩意亂的→__________adj．令人不安的；令人心煩意亂的 4．apology n．道歉，謝罪→__________vi．道歉，謝罪 5．impress vt．給……留下深刻的好印象；使欽佩→__________adj．給人深刻印象的；令人贊嘆的→__________n．印象，感想 6．envy n．羨慕，忌妒 vt．羨慕，妒忌→__________adj．羨慕的；嫉妒的→__________adv．羨慕地；嫉妒地 1．There is considerable __________ (disagree) over the safety of the treatment． 2．He needs all the support and __________(encourage) he can get． 3．The newspaper has unearthed some __________ (disturb) facts． 4．We __________ (apology) for the late departure of this flight yesterday． 5．You'll have to play better than that if you really want to make an __________ (impress)．
1．__________ 閑待，廝混 2．__________ 指的是；查閱 3．__________ 有關聯；連接到 4．__________ 在20世紀50年代 5．__________ 以……為基礎 6．__________ 僅僅；不超過 7．__________ 在過去幾十年里 8．__________為……拍照 9．__________ 被派送到…… 1．The issues of industrial clusters have attracted much attention of many scholars __________． 2．The report __________ figures from six different European cities． 3．Our observations may contain a grain of truth for you to __________． 4．These appliances should not __________ power supplies． 5．I can't remember the last time I just __________ and talked．
由新知聯想已知
1．bimonthly adj．兩月一次的；一月兩次的 [聯想]　①monthly adj．每月的；每月一次的 ②weekly adj．每周的；每周一次的 ③yearly adj．每年的；每年一次的 2．random adj．隨機的，隨意的 [聯想]?、賏ccidental adj．意外的，偶然的 ②casual adj．碰巧的，偶然的 3．disturb vt．干擾，打擾，使中斷 [聯想]?、賐other v．打擾，打攪 ②annoy vt．使煩惱，使生氣 4．stadium n．體育場，運動場 [聯想]?、賞layground n．操場；游樂場 ②gymnasium n．體育館，健身房 ③court n．球場
第一篇課文
①the average person 普通人
②regular communication 經常保持聯系
③in fact 實際上；事實上
④be closest to 和……最近
⑤Six Degrees of Separation 六度分隔，又稱為“小世界現象”。大意是說，任何兩個素不相識的人中間最多只隔著六層關聯，即只需要不超過五個人就可以將兩個陌生人聯系在一起。
⑥refer to 指的是；查閱
⑦theory n．學說，理論
⑧be connected to 有關聯；連接到
⑨chain n．一連串，一系列；鏈子，鏈條
a chain of 一連串的
⑩no more than 僅僅；不超過
as long ago as 早在……就……
friendship networks 朋友關系網
influence n．影響；作用；影響力vt．影響；左右；支配；對……起作用
early impressions 早期的構想
social networks 社交網絡
an attempt 一次嘗試
mathematically adv．數學上；算術地
an American sociologist 一位美國社會學家
a new method 一種新的方法
a random sample 一份隨機樣本
general location 大致的位置
personally adv．個人；親自；就本人而言
the target stranger 目標陌生人
parcel n．包裹；郵包
be delivered to 被派送到……
amazingly adv．驚人地；令人驚訝地
release vt．& n．發表，發布；釋放
the bimonthly magazine 雙月刊
Psychology Today 《今日心理學》
in the last few decades 在過去幾十年里
the title of a play 一部戲劇的名稱
based on 以……為基礎
Oscar-winning 獲得奧斯卡獎的
all the characters 所有的人物
randomly adv．隨意地；隨機地
the same plane crash 同一次飛機失事
link．．．to．．．把……和……聯系起來
recreate Milgram's experiment 重現米爾格蘭姆的實驗
confirm that．．．證實……
analyse the relationship 分析關系
five degrees of separation 五度分隔
HOW CLOSELY CONNECTED ARE WE
Research shows the average person① only has regular communication② with between seven and fifteen people, and that most of our communication is in fact③ with five to ten people who are closest to④ us[1]．However, perhaps we are closer to the rest of the world than we think．“Six Degrees of Separation⑤” refers to⑥ the theory⑦ that any person on Earth can be connected to⑧ any other person through a chain⑨ of no more than⑩ five other people[2]．
[1]that引導并列的賓語從句，作show的賓語，此處that不能省略；who引導定語從句，修飾先行詞five to ten people。
[2]that引導同位語從句，解釋說明the theory的內容。
The concept was first talked about as long ago as the 1920s．The Hungarian author Frigyes Karinthy published a book called Everything Is Different in 1929, in which he introduced the idea of friendship networks and his ideas influenced many of our early impressions of social networks [3]．
[3]in which引導非限制性定語從句，修飾先行詞a book。
In the 1950s, an attempt was made by two scientists to prove the theory mathematically ； but after twenty years, they still had not had any success．In 1967, an American sociologist called Stanley Milgram tried using a new method to test the theory, which he called the “small-world problem[4]”．He chose a random sample of people in the middle of America and asked them to send packages to a stranger in the state of Massachusetts．The people sending the packages only knew the name, job and general location of the stranger[5]．Milgram told them to send the package to a person they knew personally who they thought might know the target stranger ．Once the parcel had been received by this person, he/she would send the parcel onto a contact of theirs until the parcel could be personally delivered to the correct person．Amazingly ， it only took between five and seven people to get the parcels delivered[6], and once released ， the results were published in the bimonthly magazine Psychology Today ．It was this research that inspired the phrase “Six Degrees of Separation”．[7]
[4]which引導定語從句，修飾先行詞the theory。
[5]sending the packages是動詞-ing形式短語作定語，修飾The people。
[6]本句為“it takes/took sb．/sth．to do sth．”結構，意為“需要某人/某物做某事”。
[7]本句是強調句，強調主語this research。
In the last few decades ， the theory and the phrase have appeared again．Its name was used as the title of a play and then a film．Then, more films and TV programmes based on the concept were made and broadcast．For example, the Oscar-winning film Babel is based on the concept of “Six Degrees of Separation”．The lives of all the characters were closely connected, although they did not know each other and lived thousands of miles apart．The television series Lost also explored the idea of “Six Degrees of Separation”， as almost all the characters had randomly met each other, or had met someone the other characters knew, before they were all in the same plane crash ．In the mid-1990s, two college students in the United States invented a game．The idea of the game was to link any actor to Kevin Bacon, a famous American actor and musician, through no more than six links．Soon the game was being played in universities across the United States．
In 2001, Columbia University tried to recreate Milgram's experiment on the Internet．This became known as the “Columbia Small-world Project”．The experiment involved 24，163 email chains with 18 target people in 13 different countries．The results confirmed that the average number of links in the chain was six．
Most recently, an experiment in 2011 at the University of Milan analysed the relationship between 721 million social media users and found that 92 percent were connected by only four stages, or five degrees of separation ．
So, think about it for a minute: How might you be connected to the driver of the bus you regularly take or the person who delivers your parcels？
我們之間的聯系有多緊密？
研究表明，普通人只與7至15個人經常保持聯系，而且其中大部分的交流實際上只發生在5到10個和我們最親近的人身上。不過，也許我們與世界上其他人的聯系比想象中的更緊密。“六度分隔”理論指的是世界上任何一個人都可以和另外一個人建立聯系，中間的聯結人不超過五個。
這個概念早在20世紀20年代就被提出了。匈牙利作家弗里吉斯·考林蒂在1929年出版了一本名為《一切皆不同》的書，書中介紹了朋友關系網的概念，許多早期關于社交網絡的構想都受到了他思想的影響。
20世紀50年代，兩位科學家試圖用數學方法證明該理論，但20年過去了，仍未成功。1967年，美國社會學家斯坦利·米爾格蘭姆試圖用一種新的方法來驗證這一理論，他稱之為“小世界問題”。米爾格蘭姆在美國中部隨機抽取一部分人作為一份樣本，讓他們給馬薩諸塞州的一位陌生人寄包裹。這些寄送包裹的人只知道這位陌生人的姓名、工作和大致的位置。米爾格蘭姆告訴這些人先把包裹寄給自認為有可能認識目標收件人的熟人。一旦此人收到包裹，他或她就會將包裹再發給認識的人，直到該包裹被送到目標收件人手中。令人驚訝的是，這些包裹只需通過5至7個人就能送到正確的人手中。結果一經公布，便發表在雙月刊《今日心理學》上。正是這項研究啟發了“六度分隔”這一說法。
在過去的幾十年里，這一理論和說法又再次出現。它被用作戲劇標題和電影名稱。后來，基于這個理論拍攝并上映了更多的電影和電視節目。例如，奧斯卡獲獎影片《通天塔》就是基于“六度分隔”這一概念。影片中所有的人物彼此不認識、相隔千里，但他們的生活都是緊密相連的。電視連續劇《迷失》也探討了“六度分隔”的理論，劇中同一架失事飛機上幾乎所有人此前都曾偶遇，或曾遇見其他人所認識的人。20世紀90年代中期，美國兩名大學生發明了一款游戲。這個游戲的玩法是用不超過6個聯結將任意一個演員與美國著名演員、音樂家凱文·貝肯聯系起來。很快，美國各地的大學都在玩這個游戲。
2001年，哥倫比亞大學嘗試在互聯網上重現米爾格蘭姆的實驗，被稱為“哥倫比亞小世界項目”。這項實驗涉及24 163個電子郵件鏈接，覆蓋了來自13個國家的18個目標人物。實驗結果證實，聯絡串上的聯結平均數量是6個。
最新的是2011年米蘭大學的一項實驗，該實驗分析了7.21億社交媒體用戶之間的關系，發現92%的用戶只需通過四個階段(即五度分隔)，就可建立聯系。
所以，思考一下這個問題：你與你經常乘坐的公交車司機或給你送包裹的人可能存在怎樣的聯系？
Period 1
速記·重點詞匯——牢記詞形和詞義
1．conflict 　2．intervention 　3．theory 　4．random 　5．parcel 　6．release 　7．bakery　8．chain　9．bimonthly　10．phrase　11．clinic　12．gallery　13．stadium　14．suburb　15．friction
運用·語境填空——測試一下基本功
1．stadia/stadiums　2．be released　3．conflicts　4．randomly　5．theories　6．intervention　7．phrases　8．parcels
速記·派生詞匯——牢記詞形和詞義
1．disagree；agreement；disagreement 　2．encouraging；encouragement 　3．disturbed；　disturbing　4．apologise　5．impressive；impression　6．envious；enviously
運用·語境填空——測試一下基本功
1．disagreement　2．encouragement　3．disturbing　4．apologised　5．impression
速記·重點短語——記牢搭配和意義
1．hang out　2．refer to　3．be connected to　4．in the 1950s　5．be based on　6．no more than　7．in the last few decades　8．take a photo of．．．　9．be delivered to
運用·語境填空——測試一下基本功
1．in the last few decades　2．is/was based on　3．refer to　4．be connected to　5．hung out
1/1(共36張PPT)
Period 1　
UNIT 10　CONNECTIONS
主題語境
人與社會 —— 良好的人際關系與社會交往
Section Ⅰ　TOPIC TALK & LESSON 1
1．________n．抵觸，沖突，矛盾
2．____________n．干涉，干預
3．______n．學說，理論
4．_______adj．隨機的，隨意的
5．______n．包裹；郵包
課時練案　單元詞匯表
conflict
intervention
theory
random
parcel
6．_______vt．& n．發表，發布；釋放
7．______ n．面包烘房，糕餅店
8．_____ n．一連串，一系列；鏈子，鏈條
9．__________ adj．兩月一次的；一月兩次的
10．______ n．成語，習語；警句
11．______ n．診所，(醫院)門診部
release
bakery
chain
bimonthly
phrase
clinic
12．_______ n．美術館，畫廊
13．________ n．體育場，運動場
14．______ n．郊區，近郊，城郊
15．________ n．不和，沖突，摩擦
gallery
stadium
suburb
friction
1．Now _________________(stadium) are playing a similar role，to make cities more different from another．
2．The movie will __________ (release) on video in June．
3．In a society of diversity，various social _____________ (conflict) are increasing．
4．Researchers took 60 adults and _________ (random) split them into three groups of 20．
stadia/stadiums
be released
conflicts
randomly
5．There are many ________ (theory) about the origin of life．
6．Greater government ____________(intervene) in businesses would represent a step backwards．
7．Many new words and __________ (phrase) have been included in the revised edition．
8．We've received an SOS from the area asking for food ___________ (parcel)．
theories
intervention
phrases
parcels
1．agree vt．& vi．同意，贊同；一致；符合→___________vt．& vi．不同意，不贊同；不一致；不符合→__________n．一致；同意；協議→_____________n．意見不合，分歧，爭論
2．encourage vt．鼓勵，鼓舞→___________adj．令人鼓舞的，振奮人心的→______________n．鼓勵，鼓舞；起激勵作用的事物
3．disturb vt．干擾，打擾，使中斷→_________adj．煩惱的，心煩意亂的→__________adj．令人不安的；令人心煩意亂的
disagree
agreement
disagreement
encouraging
encouragement
disturbed
disturbing
4．apology n．道歉，謝罪→_________vi．道歉，謝罪
5．impress vt．給……留下深刻的好印象；使欽佩→_____________
adj．給人深刻印象的；令人贊嘆的→___________n．印象，感想
6．envy n．羨慕，忌妒 vt．羨慕，妒忌→_______adj．羨慕的；嫉妒的→___________adv．羨慕地；嫉妒地
apologise
impressive
impression
envious
enviously
1．There is considerable _____________ (disagree) over the safety of the treatment．
2．He needs all the support and ______________(encourage) he can get．
3．The newspaper has unearthed some __________ (disturb) facts．
4．We _________ (apology) for the late departure of this flight yesterday．
5．You'll have to play better than that if you really want to make an
___________ (impress)．
disagreement
encouragement
disturbing
apologised
impression
1．_______ 閑待，廝混
2．_______ 指的是；查閱
3．_____________ 有關聯；連接到
4．___________ 在20世紀50年代
5．__________ 以……為基礎
6．___________ 僅僅；不超過
hang out
refer to
be connected to
in the 1950s
be based on
no more than
7．____________________ 在過去幾十年里
8．________________為……拍照
9．_____________ 被派送到……
in the last few decades
take a photo of…
be delivered to
1．The issues of industrial clusters have attracted much attention of many scholars ____________________．
2．The report _______________ figures from six different European cities．
3．Our observations may contain a grain of truth for you to _______．
4．These appliances should not _____________ power supplies．
5．I can't remember the last time I just _______ and talked．
in the last few decades
is/was based on
refer to
be connected to
hung out
1．bimonthly adj．兩月一次的；一月兩次的
[聯想]　①monthly adj．每月的；每月一次的
②weekly adj．每周的；每周一次的
③yearly adj．每年的；每年一次的
2．random adj．隨機的，隨意的
[聯想]　①accidental adj．意外的，偶然的
②casual adj．碰巧的，偶然的
詞匯聯想 由新知聯想已知
3．disturb vt．干擾，打擾，使中斷
[聯想]?、賐other v．打擾，打攪
②annoy vt．使煩惱，使生氣
4．stadium n．體育場，運動場
[聯想]?、賞layground n．操場；游樂場
②gymnasium n．體育館，健身房
③court n．球場
①the average person 普通人
②regular communication 經常保持聯系
③in fact 實際上；事實上
④be closest to 和……最近
課下預習　第一篇課文
⑤Six Degrees of Separation 六度分隔，又稱為“小世界現象”。大意是說，任何兩個素不相識的人中間最多只隔著六層關聯，即只需要不超過五個人就可以將兩個陌生人聯系在一起。
⑥refer to 指的是；查閱
⑦theory n．學說，理論
⑧be connected to 有關聯；連接到
⑨chain n．一連串，一系列；鏈子，鏈條
a chain of 一連串的
⑩no more than 僅僅；不超過
as long ago as 早在……就……
friendship networks 朋友關系網
influence n．影響；作用；影響力vt．影響；左右；支配；對……起作用
early impressions 早期的構想
social networks 社交網絡
an attempt 一次嘗試
mathematically adv．數學上；算術地
an American sociologist 一位美國社會學家
a new method 一種新的方法
a random sample 一份隨機樣本
general location 大致的位置
personally adv．個人；親自；就本人而言
the target stranger 目標陌生人
parcel n．包裹；郵包
be delivered to 被派送到……
amazingly adv．驚人地；令人驚訝地
release vt．& n．發表，發布；釋放
the bimonthly magazine 雙月刊
Psychology Today 《今日心理學》
in the last few decades 在過去幾十年里
the title of a play 一部戲劇的名稱
based on 以……為基礎
Oscar-winning 獲得奧斯卡獎的
all the characters 所有的人物
randomly adv．隨意地；隨機地
the same plane crash 同一次飛機失事
link...to...把……和……聯系起來
recreate Milgram's experiment 重現米爾格蘭姆的實驗
confirm that...證實……
analyse the relationship 分析關系
five degrees of separation 五度分隔
HOW CLOSELY CONNECTED ARE WE
Research shows the average person① only has regular communication② with between seven and fifteen people，and that most of our communication is in fact③ with five to ten people who are closest to④ us[1]．However，perhaps we are closer to the rest of the world than we think．“Six Degrees of Separation⑤” refers to⑥ the theory⑦ that any person on Earth can be connected to⑧ any other person through a chain⑨ of no more than⑩ five other people[2]．
[1]that引導并列的賓語從句，作show的賓語，此處that不能省略；who引導定語從句，修飾先行詞five to ten people。
[2]that引導同位語從句，解釋說明the theory的內容。
The concept was first talked about as long ago as the 1920s．The Hungarian author Frigyes Karinthy published a book called Everything Is Different in 1929，in which he introduced the idea of friendship networks and his ideas influenced many of our early impressions of social networks [3]．
[3]in which引導非限制性定語從句，修飾先行詞a book。
In the 1950s，an attempt was made by two scientists to prove the theory mathematically ； but after twenty years，they still had not had any success．In 1967，an American sociologist called Stanley Milgram tried using a new method to test the theory，which he called the “small-world problem[4]”．He chose a random sample of people in the middle of America and asked them to send packages to a stranger in the state of Massachusetts．The people sending the packages only knew the name, job and general location of the stranger[5]．
Milgram told them to send the package to a person they knew personally who they thought might know the target stranger ．Once the parcel had been received by this person，he/she would send the parcel onto a contact of theirs until the parcel could be personally delivered to the correct person．Amazingly ，it only took between five and seven people to get the parcels delivered[6]，and once released ，the results were published in the bimonthly magazine Psychology Today ．It was this research that inspired the phrase “Six Degrees of Separation”．[7]
[4]which引導定語從句，修飾先行詞the theory。
[5]sending the packages是動詞-ing形式短語作定語，修飾The people。
[6]本句為“it takes/took sb．/sth．to do sth．”結構，意為“需要某人/某物做某事”。
[7]本句是強調句，強調主語this research。
In the last few decades ，the theory and the phrase have appeared again．Its name was used as the title of a play and then a film．Then，more films and TV programmes based on the concept were made and broadcast．For example，the Oscar-winning film Babel is based on the concept of “Six Degrees of Separation”．The lives of all the characters were closely connected，although they did not know each other and lived thousands of miles apart．The television series Lost also explored the idea of “Six Degrees of Separation”，as
almost all the characters had randomly met each other，or had met someone the other characters knew，before they were all in the same plane crash ．In the mid-1990s，two college students in the United States invented a game．The idea of the game was to link any actor to Kevin Bacon，a famous American actor and musician，through no more than six links．Soon the game was being played in universities across the United States．
In 2001，Columbia University tried to recreate Milgram's experiment on the Internet．This became known as the “Columbia Small-world Project”．The experiment involved 24，163 email chains with 18 target people in 13 different countries．The results confirmed that the average number of links in the chain was six．
Most recently，an experiment in 2011 at the University of Milan analysed the relationship between 721 million social media users and found that 92 percent were connected by only four stages，or five degrees of separation ．
So，think about it for a minute: How might you be connected to the driver of the bus you regularly take or the person who delivers your parcels？
我們之間的聯系有多緊密？
研究表明，普通人只與7至15個人經常保持聯系，而且其中大部分的交流實際上只發生在5到10個和我們最親近的人身上。不過，也許我們與世界上其他人的聯系比想象中的更緊密?！傲确指簟崩碚撝傅氖鞘澜缟先魏我粋€人都可以和另外一個人建立聯系，中間的聯結人不超過五個。
這個概念早在20世紀20年代就被提出了。匈牙利作家弗里吉斯·考林蒂在1929年出版了一本名為《一切皆不同》的書，書中介紹了朋友關系網的概念，許多早期關于社交網絡的構想都受到了他思想的影響。
20世紀50年代，兩位科學家試圖用數學方法證明該理論，但20年過去了，仍未成功。1967年，美國社會學家斯坦利·米爾格蘭姆試圖用一種新的方法來驗證這一理論，他稱之為“小世界問題”。米爾格蘭姆在美國中部隨機抽取一部分人作為一份樣本，讓他們給
馬薩諸塞州的一位陌生人寄包裹。這些寄送包裹的人只知道這位陌生人的姓名、工作和大致的位置。米爾格蘭姆告訴這些人先把包裹寄給自認為有可能認識目標收件人的熟人。一旦此人收到包裹，他或她就會將包裹再發給認識的人，直到該包裹被送到目標收件人手中。令人驚訝的是，這些包裹只需通過5至7個人就能送到正確的人手中。結果一經公布，便發表在雙月刊《今日心理學》上。正是這項研究啟發了“六度分隔”這一說法。
在過去的幾十年里，這一理論和說法又再次出現。它被用作戲劇標題和電影名稱。后來，基于這個理論拍攝并上映了更多的電影和電視節目。例如，奧斯卡獲獎影片《通天塔》就是基于“六度分隔”這一概念。影片中所有的人物彼此不認識、相隔千里，但他們的生活都是緊密相連的。電視連續劇《迷失》也探討了“六度分隔”的理論，劇中同一架失事飛機上幾乎所有人此前都曾偶遇，或曾遇見其他人所認識的人。20世紀90年代中期，美國兩名大學生發明了一款游戲。這個游戲的玩法是用不超過6個聯結將任意一個演員與美國著名演員、音樂家凱文·貝肯聯系起來。很快，美國各地的大學都在玩這個游戲。
2001年，哥倫比亞大學嘗試在互聯網上重現米爾格蘭姆的實驗，被稱為“哥倫比亞小世界項目”。這項實驗涉及24 163個電子郵件鏈接，覆蓋了來自13個國家的18個目標人物。實驗結果證實，聯絡串上的聯結平均數量是6個。
最新的是2011年米蘭大學的一項實驗，該實驗分析了7.21億社交媒體用戶之間的關系，發現92%的用戶只需通過四個階段(即五度分隔)，就可建立聯系。
所以，思考一下這個問題：你與你經常乘坐的公交車司機或給你送包裹的人可能存在怎樣的聯系？
THANKS

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