資源簡介

Section Ⅱ　LESSON 2 & LESSON 3
Period 1　 單元詞匯表
1．_______ vt.包含，容納，裝盛 2．________n．因素，要素 3．______adj.稀有的，罕見的，不常發生的 4．estimate vt.__________ 5．______vt.埋葬，安葬；埋藏 6．______vt.造成，引起，產生(問題、危險、困難等)n.(為畫像、拍照等而擺的)姿勢，姿態 7．__________n．(戰爭或疾病)爆發，突然發生 8．_______n．試驗；審判，審理 9．___________vt.強調，使突出；在……之下畫線 10．__________adj.徹底的，全面的，詳盡的 11．zone n．__________ 12．________n．攝入量，攝取量 1．The shortage of money has _____ (pose) a major problem. 2．The work had not been done very __________(thorough). 3．You are asked to swallow a capsule __________(contain) vitamin B. 4．She is ______ (rare) seen in public nowadays. 5．The deal is _________(estimate) to be worth around $1．5 million. 6．She always has her head ______ (bury) in a book. 7．This situation can be influenced by different _______(factor). 8．The report __________ (underline) his concern that standards were at risk.
1．locate vi.& vt.找出……的準確位置→__________n．位置；定位 2．vary vi.變化，不同→_________adj.各種各樣的→_________n．多種式樣；變化→___________n．變化物，變體；差異，變動 3．official adj.正式的；官方的 n．官員；要員→____________adv.官方地，正式地 4．oppose vi.& vt.抵制，反對；抗爭→_________adj.與某事物相反；反對某事物，不贊成某事物 5．classify vt.將……分類；把……歸入一類→________________n．歸類，分類，分級 6．depress vt.使沮喪；使蕭條→___________adj.沮喪的，情緒低落的→____________adj.令人沮喪的，讓人憂愁的→____________n．沮喪；抑郁 7．vision n．視力；視野→_________adj.看得見的 8．actual adj.實際的，真實的→__________adv.實際地；真實地 9．system n．系統，體系→____________adj.系統化的，有條理的 10．globe n．地球，世界；地球儀→________adj.全球的；全世界的→__________adv.全球地 1．The commission is calling for a ______ (globe) ban on whaling. 2．Its geographical ________(locate)stimulated overseas mercantile enterprise. 3．I present an alternate ________________(classify)of recommendation systems in my book. 4．She remained bitterly _______ (oppose) to the idea of moving abroad. 5．But I had no idea what I wanted to do.That was really scary and __________ (depress). 6．________ (actual)，it would be much more sensible to do it later. 7．__________(official)，he resigned because of bad health. 8．We've been collecting data from _______(vary) sources.
1．___________ 由……組成 2．____________ 只要 3．_______________ 相比之下 4．_________ 死于…… 5．____________ 度過，熬過；接通，打通 6．___________________ 在……過程中 7．__________ 導致…… 8．______________ 提出 1．An increase in cars has ____________ the decline of public transport. 2．I tried to call you but I couldn't ____________． 3．Why is this century so special _______________ a thousand years ago？ 4．____________ you have your health，nothing else matters. 5．The necklace ____________ three strings of pearls. 6．In order to solve this problem，Shang Yang ______________ an idea.
由新知聯想已知
1．contain vt.包含，容納，裝盛 [聯想]?、賖old vt.容納 ②include vt.包括，包含 2．depressing adj.令人沮喪的，讓人憂愁的 [聯想]?、賡ad adj.難過的；悲哀的，令人悲痛的；凄慘的，陰郁的 ②disappointed adj.失望的，沮喪的；失意的 ③frustrated adj.懊惱的，沮喪的；無效的，沒有得到滿足的；失意的，不得志的 ④upset adj.心煩意亂的；難過的；(腸胃)不適的 3．actual adj.實際的，真實的 [聯想]?、賢rue adj.真的，真實的 ②real adj.真的，真實的
第二篇課文
①epidemic n．傳染病，流行病
②an infectious disease 一種傳染性疾病
③spread to 傳播到……
④two weeks or less 兩周或更少
⑤as long as 只要
⑥factor n．因素，要素
⑦virus n．病毒
⑧contact with 同……的聯系
⑨bacteria n．細菌
⑩officially adv.官方地，正式地
be classified as 被歸類為……
occur vi.發生；出現；出現在
the number of ……的數量
rare adj.稀有的，罕見的，不常發生的
baseline n．(醫學或科學中的)基線，準線
as opposed to 相比之下
a widespread virus 一種廣泛傳播的病毒
affect vt.影響；使感染；侵襲；(感情上)深深打動
millions of 數百萬
deserve vt.值得；應得；應受
the classification of an epidemic 歸類為一種流行病
parallel n．(不同地點或不同時間的兩事物之間的)聯系，相似 adj.平行的
bird flu 禽流感
depressing adj.令人沮喪的，讓人憂愁的
global epidemic 全球性流行病
tissue samples 組織樣本
Spanish Flu 西班牙流感
a modern adaptation 一個現代的改編本
estimate vt.估計，估算
die from 死于(某種原因，不包括疾病、過度悲傷等)
in the 1330s 在十四世紀三十年代
The Black Death 黑死??；黑色死神
black spots 黑點
get through 度過，熬過
bury vt.埋葬，安葬；埋藏
as a result of 由于，作為……的結果
the most severe epidemic 最嚴重的流行病
initially adv.開始；最初；起初
pose vt.造成，引起，產生(問題、危險、困難等) n．(為畫像、拍照等而擺的)姿勢，姿態
threat n．威脅；恐嚇；兇兆；征兆；構成威脅的人
lung disease 肺部疾病
Vietnam n．越南
Singapore n．新加坡
confused adj.迷惑的；不解的
infection rates 感染率
go up 上升
steadily adv.穩定地
in the course of 在……過程中
outbreak n．(戰爭或疾病)爆發，突然發生
trial n．試驗；審判，審理
Ebola Virus Disease 埃博拉病毒性疾病
result in 導致……
a major loss 一個重大損失
actual adj.實際的，真實的
the survival rate 存活率
as low as 低至……
indicate vt.表明；指示；顯示；暗示
get over 克服
underline vt.在……之下畫線；強調，使突出
thorough adj.徹底的，全面的，詳盡的
systematic adj.系統化的，有條理的
come up with 提出
EPIDEMICS① EXPLAINED
An epidemic is the name given to an infectious disease② that rapidly spreads to③ a large number of people within a short period of time—usually two weeks or less④[1].Epidemics have been happening for as long as⑤ there have been people living on Earth[2].They can be caused by several different factors⑥， such as a virus⑦ being carried into an area，or changes in the way people live[3]，like more people living in an area，which increases the chances of them coming into contact with⑧ a virus or bacteria⑨.
[1]that引導定語從句，修飾先行詞an infectious disease。
[2]as long as引導條件狀語從句，意為“只要”。
[3]people live是定語從句，修飾the way。
Each disease can only officially⑩ be classified as an epidemic once a certain number of deaths have occurred from the disease.The number of deaths is different for every disease.So a very rare disease will have a low baseline and just a few cases of it in one place will be classified as an epidemic；as opposed to more common diseases，such as the flu，that have a higher baseline[4].The common cold is a widespread virus that affects millions of people, but it is not seen as being a serious enough condition to deserve the classification of an epidemic .[5]
[4]that引導定語從句，修飾先行詞more common diseases。
[5]that引導定語從句，修飾先行詞a widespread virus。
With recent press reports drawing parallels between bird flu and killer epidemics of the past, Jim Smith looks at the sometimes depressing history of epidemics for clues about how we can create a more positive future without epidemics.[6]
[6]With recent press reports drawing parallels...是with復合結構，draw和report之間是邏輯上的主謂關系，因此用動詞-ing形式。
Since bird flu first appeared in 1997，it has taken more than a hundred lives.Many people fear it could be the next global epidemic ， especially as scientists who have gone into detail studying tissue samples from the bodies of people who died of the 1918 Spanish Flu have proved that bird flu is a modern adaptation of that virus.[7]
[7]第一個who引導定語從句，修飾scientists；第二個who修飾people；第一個that引導賓語從句。
One of the earliest epidemics on record happened between about 500 and 550 CE.Scientists now estimate that up to 50% of the area's population died from the epidemic，making it one of the main causes of the fall of the Roman Empire[8].Then，in the 1330s ， this epidemic returned，this time in Asia.It spread rapidly to Europe and became known as “The Black Death ” because one visible symptom was black spots on the body.
[8]making...是動詞-ing形式短語作狀語，表示結果。
Centuries later，the Great Flu Epidemic of 1918，also called the Spanish Flu，struck near the end of World War Ⅰ.Families who had only just got through the war now had to bury their loved ones who had died of the disease.[9]As a result of the war，more people were travelling and moving perhaps than ever before in history and this caused the epidemic to spread worldwide.Having killed up to 50 million people in 18 months，the Spanish Flu is believed to have been the most severe epidemic in history.More people died of the flu than died in the war.Initially ， many people believed that such epidemics no longer posed a threat until very recently when SARS became a cause for concern.
[9]第一個who引導定語從句，修飾Families；第二個who引導定語從句，修飾their loved ones。
The SARS epidemic began in 2002 with a case of lung disease in Guangdong Province.It spread to Canada，Vietnam and Singapore and lasted until 2003．SARS was examined by scientists，who were confused by this new disease and wanted to learn more about it and its causes.Infection rates went up steadily ， and in the course of the outbreak ， about 8，000 people were infected over nine months.Since the end of the SARS epidemic，scientists have been doing trials on treatments to prevent any future outbreaks.
Then，from 2013 to 2016，there was the most widespread outbreak of the Ebola Virus Disease(EVD) in West Africa，which resulted in a major loss of life in a number of west African countries.11，310 deaths were officially recorded，but the actual number of deaths is probably much higher.The virus was extremely infectious and the survival rate was as low as 30% in some areas，indicating that very few people got over it.
Despite，or perhaps because of，the epidemics the world has faced in recent years，governments worldwide have underlined the fact that they want thorough and systematic medical research on epidemics to get at the causes and come up with cures as soon as possible.Countries will need to work together to do this because teamwork among nations across the globe can save lives.
流行病解說
流行病是指在短時間內(通常兩周或更短)迅速在大量人群中傳播的傳染性疾病。自地球上有人類生活以來，流行病就一直存在。它們可能由不同的因素引起，例如病毒被帶入某個地區，或者由于人們生活方式的改變，比如說某一地區居住的人群增多，從而增加了接觸病毒或細菌的概率。
只有致死病例達到一定數量，某種疾病才會被正式定性為流行病。每種疾病的死亡人數各不相同。因此，罕見疾病的基線很低，即使某一地區只出現少數病例，也會被認定為是流行病；與此相比，常見疾病的基線較高，如流感。普通感冒由一種廣泛傳播的病毒引起，可感染數百萬人，但它并沒嚴重到可以被稱為流行病。
最近有新聞報道，吉姆·史密斯將禽流感和過去致命的流行病做對比，在屢屢令人感到沮喪的流行病史中尋找線索，從而創造一個遠離流行病的美好未來。
禽流感自1997年首次出現以來，已經奪去了一百多人的生命。尤其因為科學家們仔細研究了1918年西班牙流感死亡者尸體的組織樣本，證明禽流感是該病毒的現代變異版本，許多人擔心它可能會引起下一場全球流行病。
人類有記載的最早的流行病，大約發生在公元500年至550年之間。現今科學家估計，發病區域多達50%的人口死于這一流行病，成為羅馬帝國衰落的一個主要原因。接著，14世紀30 年代，這一流行病又卷土重來，這次發生在亞洲，并迅速傳播到歐洲。由于患者身上會出現明顯的黑斑癥狀，這種流行病被稱為“黑死病”。
幾個世紀后，第一次世界大戰快結束時爆發了1918年大流感，又稱西班牙流感。剛剛熬過戰爭的人們現在不得不埋葬他們死于疾病的親人。戰爭引發的人口流動前所未有，從而導致這一流行病蔓延到全世界。西班牙流感在18個月內造成5 000萬人死亡，成為歷史上最嚴重的流行病。死于該病的人比死于戰爭的人還要多。最初，人們以為這種大規模流行病不會再對人類構成威脅，直至“非典”出現，再次讓全球陷入擔憂。
“非典”疫情始于2002年廣東省的一例肺部疾病，后蔓延到加拿大、越南和新加坡，并一直持續到2003年。科學家對這種新型疾病感到困惑，對SARS病毒進行檢測，以期了解該病與致病原因的更多信息。非典的感染率不斷上升，在爆發期九個月內感染了約8 000人。非典疫情結束后，科學家們一直在試驗各種治療手段，以防止未來疫情再爆發。
隨后，2013年到2016年間，西非爆發了大規模傳染病——埃博拉病毒性疾病(EVD)，奪去了這一地區多個國家很多人的生命。官方統計的死亡人數為11310 人，而實際死亡人數可能要更高。該病毒傳染性極強，一些地區的存活率低至30%，也就是說很少有人能康復。
盡管，或者可能是因為近年來全球爆發了流行病，世界各國政府都已經強調，要對流行病進行深入系統的醫學研究，以便盡快找出原因并找到治療方法。這需要各個國家的共同努力，因為只有全球各國之間的團隊合作才能拯救生命。
Period 1
速記·重點詞匯——牢記詞形和詞義
1．contain　2．factor 　3．rare 　4．估計，估算　5．bury
6．pose 　7．outbreak 　8．trial 　9．underline
10．thorough 　11．地區，地帶　12．intake
運用·語境填空——測試一下基本功
1．posed　2．thoroughly　3．containing　4．rarely
5．estimated　6．buried　7．factors　8．underlined
速記·派生詞匯——牢記詞形和詞義
1．location 　2．various；variety；variation 　3．officially
4．opposed 　5．classification 　6．depressed；depressing；depression 　7．visible 　8．actually 　9．systematic
10．global；globally
運用·語境填空——測試一下基本功
1．global　2．location　3．classification 　4．opposed
5．depressing　6．Actually　7．Officially　8．various
速記·重點短語——記牢搭配和意義
1．consist of　2．as long as　3．as opposed to　4．die from
5．get through　6．in the course of　7．result in　8．come up with
運用·語境填空——測試一下基本功
1．resulted in　2．get through　3．as opposed to　4．As long as　5．consists of　6．came up with
1 / 1(共37張PPT)
Period 1　
Section Ⅱ　LESSON 2 & LESSON 3
UNIT 9　HUMAN BIOLOGY
主題語境
人與社會 —— 科學與技術
1．_______ vt.包含，容納，裝盛
2．________n．因素，要素
3．______adj.稀有的，罕見的，不常發生的
4．estimate vt.__________
5．______vt.埋葬，安葬；埋藏
課時練案　單元詞匯表
contain
factor
rare
估計，估算
bury
6．______vt.造成，引起，產生(問題、危險、困難等)n.(為畫像、拍照等而擺的)姿勢，姿態
7．__________n．(戰爭或疾病)爆發，突然發生
8．_______n．試驗；審判，審理
9．___________vt.強調，使突出；在……之下畫線
10．__________adj.徹底的，全面的，詳盡的
11．zone n．__________
12．________n．攝入量，攝取量
pose
outbreak
trial
underline
thorough
地區，地帶
intake
1．The shortage of money has ______ (pose) a major problem.
2．The work had not been done very __________(thorough).
3．You are asked to swallow a capsule __________(contain) vitamin B.
4．She is ______ (rare) seen in public nowadays.
5．The deal is _________(estimate) to be worth around $1.5 million.
6．She always has her head ______ (bury) in a book.
7．This situation can be influenced by different _______(factor).
8．The report _________(underline) his concern that standards were at risk.
posed
thoroughly
containing
rarely
estimated
buried
factors
underlined
1．locate vi.& vt.找出……的準確位置→__________n．位置；定位
2．vary vi.變化，不同→_________adj.各種各樣的→________n．多種式樣；變化→___________n．變化物，變體；差異，變動
3．official adj.正式的；官方的n．官員；要員→____________adv.官方地，正式地
4．oppose vi.& vt.抵制，反對；抗爭→________adj.與某事物相反；反對某事物，不贊成某事物
location
various
variety
variation
officially
opposed
5．classify vt.將……分類；把……歸入一類→________________n．
歸類，分類，分級
6．depress vt.使沮喪；使蕭條→___________adj.沮喪的，情緒低落的→____________adj.令人沮喪的，讓人憂愁的→____________n．
沮喪；抑郁
7．vision n．視力；視野→_________adj.看得見的
8．actual adj.實際的，真實的→__________adv.實際地；真實地
9．system n．系統，體系→____________adj.系統化的，有條理的
10．globe n．地球，世界；地球儀→________adj.全球的；全世界的→__________adv.全球地
classification
depressed
depressing
depression
visible
actually
systematic
global
globally
1．The commission is calling for a ______ (globe) ban on whaling.
2．Its geographical ________(locate)stimulated overseas mercantile enterprise.
3．I present an alternate _______________(classify)of recommendation systems in my book.
4．She remained bitterly _______(oppose) to the idea of moving abroad.
global
location
classification
opposed
5．But I had no idea what I wanted to do.That was really scary and __________(depress).
6．________ (actual)，it would be much more sensible to do it later.
7．__________(official)，he resigned because of bad health.
8．We've been collecting data from _______(vary) sources.
depressing
Actually
Officially
various
1．___________ 由……組成
2．____________ 只要
3．_______________ 相比之下
4．_________ 死于……
5．____________ 度過，熬過；接通，打通
6．___________________ 在……過程中
7．__________ 導致……
8．______________ 提出
consist of
as long as
as opposed to
die from
get through
in the course of
result in
come up with
1．An increase in cars has __________ the decline of public transport.
2．I tried to call you but I couldn't ____________．
3．Why is this century so special ____________ a thousand years ago？
4．__________ you have your health，nothing else matters.
5．The necklace ____________ three strings of pearls.
6．In order to solve this problem，Shang Yang _____________an idea.
resulted in
get through
as opposed to
As long as
consists of
came up with
1．contain vt.包含，容納，裝盛
[聯想]　①hold vt.容納
②include vt.包括，包含
詞匯聯想 由新知聯想已知
2．depressing adj.令人沮喪的，讓人憂愁的
[聯想]?、賡ad adj.難過的；悲哀的，令人悲痛的；凄慘的，陰郁的
②disappointed adj.失望的，沮喪的；失意的
③frustrated adj.懊惱的，沮喪的；無效的，沒有得到滿足的；失意的，不得志的
④upset adj.心煩意亂的；難過的；(腸胃)不適的
3．actual adj.實際的，真實的
[聯想]?、賢rue adj.真的，真實的
②real adj.真的，真實的
①epidemic n．傳染病，流行病
②an infectious disease 一種傳染性疾病
③spread to 傳播到……
④two weeks or less 兩周或更少
⑤as long as 只要
⑥factor n．因素，要素
課下預習　第二篇課文
⑦virus n．病毒
⑧contact with 同……的聯系
⑨bacteria n．細菌
⑩officially adv.官方地，正式地
be classified as 被歸類為……
occur vi.發生；出現；出現在
the number of ……的數量
rare adj.稀有的，罕見的，不常發生的
Period 1　
課時練案
課下預習
baseline n．(醫學或科學中的)基線，準線
as opposed to 相比之下
a widespread virus 一種廣泛傳播的病毒
affect vt.影響；使感染；侵襲；(感情上)深深打動
millions of 數百萬
deserve vt.值得；應得；應受
the classification of an epidemic 歸類為一種流行病
parallel n．(不同地點或不同時間的兩事物之間的)聯系，相似 adj.平行的
bird flu 禽流感
depressing adj.令人沮喪的，讓人憂愁的
global epidemic 全球性流行病
tissue samples 組織樣本
Spanish Flu 西班牙流感
a modern adaptation 一個現代的改編本
estimate vt.估計，估算
die from 死于(某種原因，不包括疾病、過度悲傷等)
in the 1330s 在十四世紀三十年代
The Black Death 黑死病；黑色死神
black spots 黑點
get through 度過，熬過
bury vt.埋葬，安葬；埋藏
as a result of 由于，作為……的結果
the most severe epidemic 最嚴重的流行病
initially adv.開始；最初；起初
pose vt.造成，引起，產生(問題、危險、困難等) n．(為畫像、拍照等而擺的)姿勢，姿態
threat n．威脅；恐嚇；兇兆；征兆；構成威脅的人
lung disease 肺部疾病
Vietnam n．越南
Singapore n．新加坡
confused adj.迷惑的；不解的
infection rates 感染率
go up 上升
steadily adv.穩定地
in the course of 在……過程中
outbreak n．(戰爭或疾病)爆發，突然發生
51 trial n．試驗；審判，審理
52 Ebola Virus Disease 埃博拉病毒性疾病
53 result in 導致……
54 a major loss 一個重大損失
55 actual adj.實際的，真實的
56 the survival rate 存活率
57 as low as 低至……
58 indicate vt.表明；指示；顯示；暗示
59 get over 克服









60 underline vt.在……之下畫線；強調，使突出
61 thorough adj.徹底的，全面的，詳盡的
62 systematic adj.系統化的，有條理的
63 come up with 提出




EPIDEMICS① EXPLAINED
An epidemic is the name given to an infectious disease② that rapidly spreads to③ a large number of people within a short period of time—usually two weeks or less④ [1].Epidemics have been happening for as long as⑤ there have been people living on Earth[2].They can be caused by several different factors⑥， such as a virus⑦ being carried into an area，or changes in the way people live[3]，like more people living in an area，which increases the chances of them coming into contact with⑧ a virus or bacteria⑨.
[1]that引導定語從句，修飾先行詞an infectious disease。
[2]as long as引導條件狀語從句，意為“只要”。
[3]people live是定語從句，修飾the way。
Each disease can only officially⑩ be classified as an epidemic once a certain number of deaths have occurred from the disease.The number of deaths is different for every disease.So a very rare disease will have a low baseline and just a few cases of it in one place will be classified as an epidemic；as opposed to more common diseases，such as the flu，that have a higher baseline[4].The common cold is a widespread virus that affects millions of people, but it is not seen as being a serious enough condition to deserve the classification of an epidemic .[5]
[4]that引導定語從句，修飾先行詞more common diseases。
[5]that引導定語從句，修飾先行詞a widespread virus。
With recent press reports drawing parallels between bird flu and killer epidemics of the past, Jim Smith looks at the sometimes depressing history of epidemics for clues about how we can create a more positive future without epidemics.[6]
[6]With recent press reports drawing parallels...是with復合結構，draw和report之間是邏輯上的主謂關系，因此用動詞-ing形式。
Since bird flu first appeared in 1997，it has taken more than a hundred lives.Many people fear it could be the next global epidemic ， especially as scientists who have gone into detail studying tissue samples from the bodies of people who died of the 1918 Spanish Flu have proved that bird flu is a modern adaptation of that virus.[7]
[7]第一個who引導定語從句，修飾scientists；第二個who修飾people；第一個that引導賓語從句。
One of the earliest epidemics on record happened between about 500 and 550 CE.Scientists now estimate that up to 50% of the area's population died from the epidemic，making it one of the main causes of the fall of the Roman Empire[8].Then，in the 1330s ， this epidemic returned，this time in Asia.It spread rapidly to Europe and became known as “The Black Death ”because one visible symptom was black spots on the body.
[8]making...是動詞-ing形式短語作狀語，表示結果。
Centuries later，the Great Flu Epidemic of 1918，also called the Spanish Flu，struck near the end of World War Ⅰ.Families who had only just got through the war now had to bury their loved ones who had died of the disease.[9]As a result of the war，more people were travelling and moving perhaps than ever before in history and this caused the epidemic to spread worldwide.Having killed up to 50 million people in 18 months，the Spanish Flu is believed to have been the most severe epidemic in history.More people died of the flu than died in the war.Initially ， many people believed that such epidemics no longer posed a threat until very recently when SARS became a cause for concern.
[9]第一個who引導定語從句，修飾Families；第二個who引導定語從句，修飾their loved ones。
The SARS epidemic began in 2002 with a case of lung disease in Guangdong Province.It spread to Canada，Vietnam and Singapore and lasted until 2003．SARS was examined by scientists，who were confused by this new disease and wanted to learn more about it and its causes.Infection rates went up steadily ， and in the course of the outbreak ， about 8，000 people were infected over nine months.Since the end of the SARS epidemic，scientists have been doing trials51 on treatments to prevent any future outbreaks.

流行病解說
流行病是指在短時間內(通常兩周或更短)迅速在大量人群中傳播的傳染性疾病。自地球上有人類生活以來，流行病就一直存在。它們可能由不同的因素引起，例如病毒被帶入某個地區，或者由于人們生活方式的改變，比如說某一地區居住的人群增多，從而增加了接觸病毒或細菌的概率。
只有致死病例達到一定數量，某種疾病才會被正式定性為流行病。每種疾病的死亡人數各不相同。因此，罕見疾病的基線很低，即使某一地區只出現少數病例，也會被認定為是流行病；與此相比，常見疾病的基線較高，如流感。普通感冒由一種廣泛傳播的病毒引起，可感染數百萬人，但它并沒嚴重到可以被稱為流行病。
最近有新聞報道，吉姆·史密斯將禽流感和過去致命的流行病做對比，在屢屢令人感到沮喪的流行病史中尋找線索，從而創造一個遠離流行病的美好未來。
禽流感自1997年首次出現以來，已經奪去了一百多人的生命。尤其因為科學家們仔細研究了1918年西班牙流感死亡者尸體的組織樣本，證明禽流感是該病毒的現代變異版本，許多人擔心它可能會引起下一場全球流行病。
人類有記載的最早的流行病，大約發生在公元500年至550年之間?，F今科學家估計，發病區域多達50%的人口死于這一流行病，成為羅馬帝國衰落的一個主要原因。接著，14世紀30 年代，這一流行病又卷土重來，這次發生在亞洲，并迅速傳播到歐洲。由于患者身上會出現明顯的黑斑癥狀，這種流行病被稱為“黑死病”。
幾個世紀后，第一次世界大戰快結束時爆發了1918年大流感，又稱西班牙流感。剛剛熬過戰爭的人們現在不得不埋葬他們死于疾病的親人。戰爭引發的人口流動前所未有，從而導致這一流行病蔓延到全世界。西班牙流感在18個月內造成5 000萬人死亡，成為歷史上最嚴重的流行病。死于該病的人比死于戰爭的人還要多。最初，人們以為這種大規模流行病不會再對人類構成威脅，直至“非典”出現，再次讓全球陷入擔憂。
“非典”疫情始于2002年廣東省的一例肺部疾病，后蔓延到加拿大、越南和新加坡，并一直持續到2003年?？茖W家對這種新型疾病感到困惑，對SARS病毒進行檢測，以期了解該病與致病原因的更多信息。非典的感染率不斷上升，在爆發期九個月內感染了約8 000人。非典疫情結束后，科學家們一直在試驗各種治療手段，以防止未來疫情再爆發。
隨后，2013年到2016年間，西非爆發了大規模傳染病——埃博拉病毒性疾病(EVD)，奪去了這一地區多個國家很多人的生命。官方統計的死亡人數為11310 人，而實際死亡人數可能要更高。該病毒傳染性極強，一些地區的存活率低至30%，也就是說很少有人能康復。
盡管，或者可能是因為近年來全球爆發了流行病，世界各國政府都已經強調，要對流行病進行深入系統的醫學研究，以便盡快找出原因并找到治療方法。這需要各個國家的共同努力，因為只有全球各國之間的團隊合作才能拯救生命。
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