資源簡介

英語　選擇性必修·第四冊［RJ］
Section Ⅱ　Learning About Language
——Build up your vocabulary——
一、構詞法
Affix (prefix/suffix) 含義 例詞
ex 出，向外 extend， exclude， examine， example， exact
ate 做某事，……的狀態，性質，特性 negotiate， facilitate， corporate， advocate， alternate
al 表示行為、狀態；形容詞詞尾，……的；與……相關的；朝向；表示加強 royal， rival， survival， central， digital
ue 名詞后綴 league， issue， avenue， clue， value
二、根據英文釋義寫出單詞
1．negotiate　to try to reach an agreement by formal discussion
2．channel　a deep passage of water in a river or near the coast that can be used as route for ships
3．bond　something that forms a connection between people or groups
4．extend　to make sth longer or larger
5．maritime　connected with the sea or ships
6．fleet　a group of military ships commanded by the same person
7．behold　to look at or see sb/sth
8．royal　connected with or belonging to the king or queen of a country
——Discover useful structures——
一、閱讀單詞及詞塊：寫出漢語含義
1．tournament n． 錦標賽；聯賽
2．laptop n． 筆記本電腦；便攜式電腦
3．press conference 記者招待會；新聞發布會
4．submersible n． 潛水器；可潛船
5．capsule n． 膠囊；太空艙
6．coral n． 珊瑚
二、核心單詞：寫出英文單詞
1．politics n． 政治；政治觀點
2．applaud vt．& vi． 鼓掌　vt． 稱贊；贊賞
3．tax vt． 對……征稅；使納稅　n． 稅；稅款
4．underwater adv． 在水下　adj． 水下的
三、拓展單詞：寫出下列單詞的詞性轉換(可查字典)
1．profession n． 職業；行業→professional adj． 專業的；職業的　n． 專業人員，專家→professionally adv． 專業地；內行地→professor n． 教授
2．mixture n． 混合；結合體；混合物→mix v． 混合；融合
3．coverage n． 新聞報道；覆蓋范圍→cover v． 報道；覆蓋；行走一段路程；足夠支付
4．manned adj． 有人控制的；需人操縱的→man n． 人；男人；人類
寫出下列句子中的動詞不定式(短語)及其語法作用
1．(2024·全國甲卷)Although parks of all sizes and types exist at any level， the national parks， in particular， tend to catch our attention because of their large size and variety． to catch our attention；作賓語
2．(2024·新課標Ⅱ卷)Campbell's point is to wake up those responsible for AI—the technology companies and world leaders—so they are on the same page as all the experts currently developing it． to wake up those；作表語
3．He is always the first to come and the last to leave． to come，to leave；作后置定語
4．To enjoy a more spectacular sight， you must climb to a greater height．To enjoy a more spectacular sight；作目的狀語
5．To maintain a healthy lifestyle is important for overall well being．To maintain a healthy lifestyle；作主語
6．The teacher asked the student to finish his homework before leaving the classroom． to finish his homework；作賓語補足語
探究一　熱詞
1．applaud vt．& vi． 鼓掌　vt． 稱贊；贊賞(教材P29)
applause n． 掌聲；鼓掌 applaud one's success 為某人的成功喝彩 applaud sb for (doing) sth 因(做)某事贊賞某人 thunderous applause 雷鳴般的掌聲 a round of applause 一陣掌聲 burst into applause 爆發出掌聲
①We should applaud the authorities for their vision and decision to build parks instead of skyscrapers in or close to the city centers．
我們應該贊揚當局的遠見和決定，在市中心或市中心附近建造公園，而不是摩天大樓。
②They greeted him with thunderous applause．
他們以雷鳴般的掌聲歡迎了他。
③This hard earned accomplishment deserves a hearty round of applause．
這一來之不易的成就值得一陣熱烈的掌聲。
④The audience burst into spontaneous applause．
觀眾自發地鼓起掌來。
【學會運用】單句語法填空
①We applaud our members for the solidarity shown in this matter．
②There was tremendous applause (applaud) when the curtain came down．
【學會表達】完成句子
③她每次演唱的時候，都會有一陣特別熱烈的掌聲。
There is always a good round of applause every time she sings．
2．profession n． 職業；行業→professional adj． 專業的；職業的　n． 專業人員，專家→professionally adv． 專業地；內行地→professor n． 教授
My father chose a profession as a professor， and he has become a highly respected professional in his field．
我父親選擇了成為一名教授的職業，并且他在自己的領域里已經成了一位備受尊敬的專業人士。
3．mixture n． 混合；結合體；混合物→mix v． 混合；融合
I carefully mixed the ingredients together to create the perfect mixture for the cake．
我小心地把原料混合在一起，以制作蛋糕的完美混合物。
4．coverage n． 新聞報道；覆蓋范圍→cover v． 報道；覆蓋；行走一段路程；足夠支付
The news report provided extensive coverage of the event， ensuring that all aspects of the story were covered．
新聞報道對這個事件進行了廣泛的報道，確保故事的各個方面都被涵蓋。
【學會運用】單句語法填空
①She has a very professional (profession) attitude towards her work， always striving for excellence．
②The chef created a unique dish by combining a mixture (mix) of traditional and modern flavors．
③The media provided comprehensive coverage (cover) of the election results， ensuring that the public was well informed．
【學會表達】完成句子
④她很專業地進行了這次采訪，提出了深思熟慮的問題，并始終保持著尊重的態度。
She conducted the interview professionally， asking thoughtful questions and maintaining a respectful demeanor throughout．
探究二　動詞不定式(復習)
動詞不定式：不定式是英語動詞的非謂語形式之一，形式上由“to＋動詞原形”構成。不定式仍保留著動詞的部分特性，可以帶賓語和狀語構成不定式短語，有時態和語態的變化。
語法點1　用法
(1)作主語
1)不定式(短語)在句首作主語
不定式(短語)作主語時，一般表示具體的或一次性的動作。
①To make you understand him completely is impossible．
讓你們完全了解他是不可能的。
②To remember to switch off the electricity is important．
重要的是要記住關掉電源。
2)用it作形式主語
不定式、特別是不定式短語作主語時，為了保持句子平衡，往往把主語放在句子末尾，用it代替不定式(短語)作形式主語。
①It is impossible to make you understand him completely．
讓你們完全了解他是不可能的。
②It's important to remember to switch off the electricity．
重要的是要記住關掉電源。
　在以it為形式主語的句子中，它所代表的真正主語有時用不定式復合結構，而不定式的邏輯主語用for或of引出。 如果句中作表語的形容詞表示事物的性質，如important， necessary， possible， easy， difficult， hard， heavy等，用for引出。如果句中作表語的形容詞表示人的特征、品德或意愿，如kind， honest， careless， lazy， stupid， generous， cruel， willing， reluctant， deliberate等，則用of引出。 It is impossible for us to get there before lunch． 我們在午餐前趕到那里是不可能的。 It's careless of her to notice nothing of it． 她很粗心，什么都沒注意到。
(2)作表語
1)主語和表語都是不定式(其含義往往一個是條件，一個是結果)
①To be kind to the enemy is to be cruel to the people．
善待敵人，就是對人民殘酷。
②To do that would be to cut the foot to fit the shoe．
那樣做就是削足適履。
2)主語是以aim， duty， hope， idea， intention， mistake， plan， proposal， job， suggestion等為中心詞的名詞短語或what引導的名詞性從句，后面的不定式說明其內容。
①My idea is to climb the mountain from the north．
我的想法是從北面爬山。
②What I would suggest is to start work at once．
我的建議是立刻開始工作。
　在某些句型中，當主語部分含有實義動詞do的某種形式時，作表語的不定式符號“to”可以省略。 All we have to do is push the button． 我們只要按一下按鈕就行了。 The only thing I can do now is go on by myself． 我現在唯一能做的事情就是靠自己繼續進行下去。
(3)作賓語
1)不定式用作賓語時相當于名詞，放在某些及物動詞之后。這類常見的及物動詞有：afford， agree， aim， appear， apply， arrange， ask， attempt， want， decide等。
①All the competitors agree to observe the spirit of fair play in all of the games．
所有參賽者都同意在所有比賽中遵循公平競爭的精神。
②He had decided to return after receiving the letter from Bill．
收到比爾的信后，他便決定回來。
2)用作賓語的動詞不定式有時可以帶上疑問詞how， where， who， when， which， why， what， whether等一起構成不定式短語。后接這種結構的常見動詞有：ask， consider， decide， discuss， explain， forget， inquire， know， learn， remember等。
①We learned how to create and register a new web page．
我們學會了新網頁的制作和注冊方法。
②He didn't know whether to laugh or to cry when he heard the words．
聽了這話，他啼笑皆非。
　用作賓語的不定式后面如果有補語，可以用it作形式賓語，把真正的賓語置于補語之后，以免賓語太長使句子顯得不協調。在這種用法中，常見的動詞有think， feel， make， find， consider， count， judge， believe， take等。 She thought it unnecessary to quarrel with him over trifles． 她認為沒必要為小事跟他爭吵。 I took it an honor to have been invited to the meeting． 我很榮幸應邀出席這次會議。
(4)作定語
1)不定式作定語通常位于被修飾的名詞(短語)之后，說明被修飾詞的特征。
①Can you think up a good way to deal with the ever increasing prices
你們能否想出一個應對日益上漲的物價的好辦法？
②A letter from Clare gave her an excuse to leave．
克萊爾的一封來信給了她一個離開的借口。
2)如果不定式和被修飾的具體名詞之間有邏輯上的動賓關系，則不定式多半表示未來的動作，翻譯時需在不定式前加“要”字。
①We have three machines to repair today．
我們今天有三臺機器要修理。
②Would you like something to drink
你要喝點什么嗎？
3)在處于動賓關系的情況下，如果不定式是不及物動詞，其后要加一個結構上或含義上所需的介詞。
①Jack is a pleasant fellow to work with．
杰克是一個很好共事的人。
②John is the best man to consult about the matter with．
約翰是可以與之商量此事的最佳人選。
(5)作狀語
1)用作目的狀語——可位于句首或句末。有時，為了強調目的，特別是當不定式前有否定詞not時，通常在不定式前加上in order或so as。前者可位于句首或句末，后者只能位于句末。
①We use electrical energy to do many things．
我們能用電做許多事情。
②We talked quietly so as not to be overheard．
我們低聲交談，以免別人聽到。
2)用作結果狀語——不定式作結果狀語通常位于句末，且常與only， never等連用，不定式的邏輯主語往往是句子的主語。能直接用其不定式作結果狀語的動詞常見的有find， hear， see， give， learn， make， produce等。
①I reached the station only to find that my train had already left．
我到了車站，卻發現我要搭乘的火車已經開走了。
②After the war they parted company， never to see each other again．
戰后他們分道揚鑣，從此再也沒見過面。
　(1)在“too＋形容詞＋不定式”結構中，不定式表示結果。這類句子在形式上是肯定的，但在內容上是否定的，意為“太……以至于不能……”。 This material is too expensive to use in everyday life． 這種材料太昂貴，不能用于日常生活中。 Amanda is far too young to get married． 阿曼達還太小，不能結婚。 (2)用于enough或“so＋形容詞或副詞＋as”或“such＋名詞＋as”之后的不定式(短語)表示結果，一般放在句末。 The auditorium is spacious enough to hold five thousand people． 禮堂很寬敞，足以容納五千人。 I'm not so desperate as to agree to that． 我還沒絕望到要同意這一點的地步。
3)用作原因狀語——形式與目的狀語相似。區分標志是：表示目的，不定式前可加in order或so as， 不定式的動作后于謂語動詞的動作；表示原因，則不定式的動作先于謂語動詞的動作。
(6)作賓語補足語
1)不定式作賓語補足語時，通常跟在某些及物動詞的賓語之后，對賓語作進一步的補充說明，并與該賓語構成邏輯上的主謂關系。這類及物動詞常見的有：advise， allow， ask， want， beg， cause， consider， command， compel， drive， encourage等。
①I wanted something to happen to me， but nothing happened．
我希望我身上會發生些什么，可是什么都沒發生。
②I know nothing about him and I beg you to tell me nothing．
他的情況我并不知道，我也請求您別告訴我。
2)使役動詞如let， make， have等和感官動詞(短語)如see， watch， perceive， observe， notice， hear， feel， look at， listen to等用于主動語態時，作其賓語補足語的不定式需省略to。
①She let her hand fall from his arm and said no more．
她放開他的胳膊，沒再說什么。
②He saw the car drive up outside the police station．
他看到那輛車開到了警察局外面。
3)在某些表示心理狀態的動詞如believe， find， consider， prove， suppose， think， know， understand， judge， guess， declare， take， deny等后，作賓語補足語的不定式往往是“to be＋其他”。這時，這些不定式中的to be通常可省略。
①We found the answer (to be) correct．
我們發現這個答案是對的。
②They declared themselves (to be) for the plan．
他們宣稱自己贊成這個計劃。
語法點2　時態和語態
動詞不定式沒有人稱和數的變化，但有時態和語態上的變化。
主動語態 被動語態
一般式 to do to be done
進行式 to be doing —
完成式 to have done to have been done
完成進行式 to have been doing —
(1)不定式的一般式表示的動作與謂語動詞的動作同時發生或發生在謂語動詞之后；不定式的一般被動式表示不定式的邏輯主語是不定式所表示的動作的承受者，而不是發出者。
①They were expected to do the impossible．
他們被期待去做不可能的事。
②This shirt needs to be washed．
這件襯衫該洗了。
(2)不定式的進行式表示的動作與謂語動詞的動作同時發生，而且正在進行。
I'm very glad to be working with Alan．
和艾倫一起工作，我感到很高興。
(3)不定式的完成式表示的動作發生在謂語動詞或特定的時間之前；不定式的完成被動式表示不定式的邏輯主語是不定式所表示動作的承受者。
①The team doesn't seem to have clicked yet．
這支隊伍好像還沒有配合默契。
②She claims to have been dismissed unfairly．
她聲稱遭到無理解雇。
(4)不定式的完成進行式強調不定式表示的動作從過去某一時刻開始一直持續到某一時刻，強調動作的持續性，而不強調結果。
The Smiths is said to have been living in Thailand for 25 years．
據說史密斯一家已經在泰國生活25年了。
　不定式通常以固定短語的形式構成獨立成分，在句中用作插入語(也稱評注性狀語)，對全句作附加說明，表示說話人對所說的話的看法或態度。作插入語的不定式常見的有：to begin with， to be fair， to be frank， to conclude等。 To begin with， we must consider the problem in an all round way． 首先，我們必須全面地考慮這個問題。 To conclude， his coming here is a great help to us． 總之，他來到這里對我們幫助很大。
(1)單句語法填空
①It took a few youthful and daring businessmen to get (get) the ball rolling．
②There are lots of ways to raise (raise) awareness for a cause．
③She is known to have been dealing (deal) with the problems for many years．
④Another way of setting realistic goals is to analyze (analyze) your short and long term objectives， keeping in mind your beliefs， values and strengths．
⑤We were in high spirits to hear (hear) the words of our teacher's encouragement．
(2)完成句子
①(2024·新課標Ⅱ卷)緩解游客過多的目的地壓力的最好方法是去其他地方。
The best way to ease pressure on over touristed destinations is to go somewhere else．
②她還找了牙醫，了解更多關于牙齒清潔方面的知識。
She also approached dentists to learn more about teeth cleaning．
③讀書滿足了我不斷學習的愿望。
Reading satisfies my desire to keep learning．
④我打算參加明天舉辦的會議。
I plan to attend the meeting to be held tomorrow．
⑤鑒于該地區的受歡迎度，事先預訂旅館或露營地是可取的。
Because of the popularity of the region， it is advisable to book hotels or campsites in advance．
維度一　高頻詞匯
(一)寫出下列詞綴的含義及例詞
1． al→表示行為、狀態；……的；與……相關的；朝向→royal， rival
2． ue→名詞后綴→league， issue
3． ate→做某事，……的狀態，性質，特性→negotiate， corporate
4．ex →出，向外→extend， examine
(二)選詞填空
tax， motivate， coverage， profession， politics
1．Politics plays a crucial role in shaping the policies that affect people's daily lives．
2．The speaker's inspiring words motivated the audience to take action for change．
3．The government has proposed a new tax reform plan aimed at reducing the burden on low income families．
4．The health insurance plan offers comprehensive coverage for both inpatient and outpatient treatments．
5．Choosing the right profession is a decision that can significantly impact one's life path．
維度二　語法運用
(三)單句語法填空
1．To learn (learn) a new language is a challenging but rewarding experience．
2．She decided to travel (travel) around the world before settling down．
3．I have a book to read (read) before bed every night．
4．I applaud her for having the courage to refuse．
5．My goal for this year is to improve (improve) my fitness．
維度三　素養提升
(四)根據所給漢語，完成下列句子
1．為了趕上第一班火車，他起得很早。
He got up early (in order) to catch the first train．
2．老師鼓勵那個害羞的學生多參與課堂討論。
The teacher encouraged the shy student to participate more in class discussions．
3．經過數月的努力學習，他最終以優異的成績成功地通過了那門很難的考試。
After studying hard for months， he finally managed to pass the difficult exam with flying colors．
(五)翻譯
1．她的人生目標是環游世界，體驗不同的文化。
Her goal in life is to travel the world and experience different cultures．
2．人們發現她在音樂創作方面極有天賦。
She was found to be extremely talented in music composition．
課后課時作業
較易題(占比70%)　中檔題(占比30%)　拔高題(占比0%)
題號 Ⅰ Ⅱ Ⅲ
難度 ★★ ★ ★
Ⅰ　完形填空
(2024·安徽省泗水第一中學高二下月考)Growing up in coastal Maine， Lynda Doughty spent lots of time out on the sea． There she often saw whales， seals and other marine (海洋的) animals． She developed a(n) __1__ for the wildlife living along the coast．
“I remember being so amazed by them and __2__ what was happening in their life，” Doughty said．
She also __3__ that their livelihood was influenced by pollution and other human related activities． She wanted to do something to __4__ these animals．
So she became a marine __5__ and worked with organisations that provided help for sick and injured sea animals． But as many nonprofits (非營利機構) closed their doors， Doughty decided to step in．
In 2011， she __6__ her nonprofit， Marine Mammals of Maine， and has since provided help and medical care for more than 3，000 sea animals．
However， things became more difficult later， but they couldn't __7__—the animals __8__， needed their help．
“We were so nervous of how we would __9__ as a nonprofit in uncertain times，” Doughty said． “__10__， our team stood strong and we were able to continue to help animals．”
When another New England based marine animal rescue program __11__ its animal care， Doughty's work became more __12__ than ever．
“We could no longer take any __13__ to their rescue center and there were not enough rehabilitation (康復) places for these animals． Actually， we were really __14__ and there was more pressure for our center to stay open，” Doughty said．
“I feel this strong __15__ to help these animals，” Doughty said． “This is what I was put on the earth to do．”
篇章導讀：本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述了海洋生物學家Lynda Doughty (琳達·道蒂)為保護海洋動物創立了非營利組織，致力于救助受傷海洋生物的故事。
1．A．habit B．taste
C．love D．approach
答案：C
解析：根據前文“Growing up in coastal Maine”和后文“I remember being ．．． happening in their life”可知，她自小在海邊長大，對這些動物感到好奇，說明她熱愛這些動物。故選C。
2．A．dreaming B．wondering
C．estimating D．approving
答案：B
解析：dream夢想；wonder好奇；estimate估計；approve批準。根據前文“I remember being so amazed by them”可知，她對海洋動物的生活感到驚奇，所以會對這些動物生活中所發生的事情感到好奇。故選B。
3．A．recognised B．imagined
C．doubted D．noticed
答案：D
解析：recognise認出；imagine想象；doubt懷疑；notice注意到。根據后文“She wanted to do something”可知，她想要采取行動，說明她已經注意到了動物們的生活已經受到了污染和其他與人類相關的活動的影響。故選D。
4．A．protect B．attract
C．evolve D．prevent
答案：A
解析：protect保護；attract吸引；evolve進化；prevent阻止。根據前文“their livelihood was influenced by pollution and other human related activities”可知，她看到了這些受到污染和人類活動影響的動物，所以她想要做些事情去保護它們。故選A。
5．A．chemist B．biologist
C．linguist D．psychologist
答案：B
解析：根據前文“marine”和后文“worked with organisations ．．． injured sea animals”可知，她的工作與生物學相關，所以她成了一名海洋生物學家。故選B。
6．A．set out B．gave out
C．set up D．gave up
答案：C
解析：set out出發；give out分發；set up建立；give up放棄。根據后文“her nonprofit， Marine Mammals of Maine”可知，她建立了一個非營利組織。故選C。
7．A．go back B．wipe out
C．come along D．slow down
答案：D
解析：go back返回；wipe out徹底摧毀；come along一起來，進展；slow down放慢。根據前文“things became more difficult later， but they couldn't”可知，盡管有困難，但他們不能停止幫助動物，即不能放慢幫助動物的腳步。故選D。
8．A．already B．still
C．even D．just
答案：B
解析：根據前文“they couldn't __7__”可知，他們還不能放松，因為動物仍然需要他們的幫助。故選B。
9．A．survive B．capture
C．occupy D．quit
答案：A
解析：survive生存；capture捕獲；occupy占據；quit停止，退出。根據后文“our team stood strong and we were able to continue to help animals”可知，他們的團隊依然存在，而且還能繼續發揮功能，說明剛開始她擔心的是非營利組織的生存問題。故選A。
10．A．Normally B．Hopefully
C．Naturally D．Luckily
答案：D
解析：句意：幸運的是，我們的團隊很堅強，我們能夠繼續幫助動物。 normally通常；hopefully有希望地；naturally自然地；luckily幸運地。故選D。
11．A．started B．stopped
C．continued D．forgot
答案：B
解析：根據后文“Doughty's work became more __12__ than ever”可知，Doughty的工作顯得格外重要起來，是因為有一個海洋動物援救項目停止了運作。故選B。
12．A．generous B．delightful
C．crucial D．terrifying
答案：C
解析：generous慷慨的；delightful高興的；crucial至關重要的；terrifying可怕的。根據前文“When another New England based ．．． its animal care”可知，Doughty的工作在這個時候顯得尤為重要。故選C。
13．A．employers B．partners
C．experts D．animals
答案：D
解析：根據后文“to their rescue center”可知，此處指的是動物。故選D。
14．A．assisted B．encouraged
C．needed D．impressed
答案：C
解析：assist協助；encourage鼓勵；need需要；impress給……留下深刻的好印象。根據后文“there was more pressure for our center to stay open”可知，他們的救援中心壓力更大了，因為動物們的確很需要Doughty團隊的幫助。故選C。
15．A．responsibility B．ability
C．personality D．chance
答案：A
解析：responsibility責任；ability能力；personality個性；chance機會。根據后文“This is what I was put on the earth to do．”可知，她感到自己有責任去做這件事。故選A。
Ⅱ　七選五
(2024·河北省唐山市路北區高二下期中)There has been a very serious decline in the numbers of shallow water fish as a result of overfishing． People still want to eat fish， so the fishing industry must look at other sources， especially the deep waters of the Atlantic． __1__
Conservation measures will have to be put in place if these deep sea fish are to survive． Research on five such species shows that numbers have declined by between 87 percent and 98 percent． __2__ Many species could well disappear completely if the present trend continues． These are species that have been swimming in our oceans for hundreds of millions of years．
The problem is emphasized by the fact that the decline in numbers happened in less than twenty years． Deep sea fish take a long time to reproduce and normally live for many years． __3__ The average size of such fish also declined， with one species showing a 57 percent decline in average size． This is of particular concern， as large fish tend to produce more offspring than small ones．
__4__ The deep sea species have been caught as if they were the fast breeding (快速繁殖) fish like sardine and herring． It is like killing elephants as if they reproduced at the same rate as rabbits．
The damage done by overfishing goes beyond the sea environment． Millions of people make a living in the fishing industry． __5__ Measures must be taken to not only conserve ecosystems， but also sustain livelihoods and ensure food security．
A．Billions of people rely on fish for protein．
B．Many people now choose not to eat deep sea fish．
C．Unfortunately， their reproduction rate is very low．
D．This puts them in the category of “critically endangered”．
E．None of these facts has been taken into account by the fishing industry．
F．Overfishing is a major cause of decline in populations of ocean wildlife．
G．This has resulted in a sharp decline in the numbers of many of the species caught．
篇章導讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了由于過度捕撈，淺水魚類的數量已經嚴重下降以及由此導致的后果。
1．答案：G
解析：根據上文“People still want to ．．． the deep waters of the Atlantic．”可知，G項(這導致許多被捕獲物種的數量急劇下降。)承接上文，說明以上做法導致的不良影響。故選G。
2．答案：D
解析：根據上文“Research on five such species shows that numbers have declined by between 87 percent and 98 percent．”可知，有些種類的魚的數量下降了87%到98%。D項(這使得它們被歸為“極度瀕危”物種。)承接上文，D項中的“This”指代上文提到的“numbers have declined by between 87 percent and 98 percent”。故選D。
3．答案：C
解析：根據上文“Deep sea fish take a long time to reproduce and normally live for many years．”可知，深海魚的繁殖時間非常長，可以存活很多年，C項(不幸的是，它們的繁殖率非常低。)承接上文，與上文構成轉折關系。故選C。
4．答案：E
解析：根據下文內容可知，深海魚被捕撈，仿佛它們是沙丁魚和鯡魚等快速繁殖的魚類，由此可知，漁業忽略了一些物種繁殖速度慢的事實。E項(漁業沒有考慮到這些事實。)引出下文。故選E。
5．答案：A
解析：根據上文“Millions of people make a living in the fishing industry．(數百萬人以漁業為生。)”可知，A項(數十億人依賴魚類獲取蛋白質。)與上文并列，說明漁業對人的重要作用。故選A。
Ⅲ　語法填空
(2024·廣東中山高二下期末)Oceans cover about 70 percent of the Earths' surface， yet even today their depths remain largely unexplored． Scientists estimate between 90 and 95 percent of the deep sea remains __1__ (mystery)． The deep sea is __2__ (true) the planet's final frontier．
The term “deep sea” doesn't have __3__ same meaning to everyone． To fishermen， the deep sea is any part of the ocean beyond the relatively shallow continental shelf． To scientists， the deep sea is the lowest part of the ocean， located below the thermocline (溫躍層) __4__ heating and cooling effects from sunlight stop __5__ (have) an effect， and above the sea floor． This is the part of the ocean __6__ (deep) than 1，800 meters．
It's difficult __7__ (research) the depths because they are permanently dark， extremely cold and __8__ high pressure． From the time of Pliny until the end of the 19th century， people believed the deep sea was a lifeless wasteland． Modern scientists recognize the deep sea as the largest habitat on the planet． Special tools __9__ (develop) by humans over the past few decades to explore this cold and dark environment． Deep sea exploration involves multiple __10__ (discipline)， such as oceanography， biology， geography， archaeology， and engineering．
1．________　2．________　3．________　4．________
5．________　6．________　7．________　8．________
9．________　10．________
篇章導讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了深海勘探的歷史與技術。
1．答案：mysterious
解析：考查詞性轉換。remains為連系動詞，設空處應用形容詞作表語。故填mysterious。
2．答案：truly
解析：考查詞性轉換。設空處作狀語修飾be動詞is，應用副詞。故填truly。
3．答案：the
解析：考查冠詞。same前常用定冠詞，為固定用法。故填the。
4．答案：where
解析：考查定語從句的引導詞。設空處引導定語從句，先行詞是thermocline，關系詞在從句中作地點狀語，應用關系副詞where引導。故填where。
5．答案：having
解析：考查非謂語動詞。此處指陽光的加熱和冷卻效應停止起作用，stop doing sth意為“停止做某事”。故填having。
6．答案：deeper
解析：考查形容詞的比較級。根據than可知，設空處應用形容詞的比較級。故填deeper。
7．答案：to research
解析：考查非謂語動詞。It是形式主語，設空處應用動詞不定式作真正的主語。故填to research。
8．答案：under
解析：考查介詞。under high pressure意為“在高壓之下”，為固定短語。故填under。
9．答案：have been developed
解析：考查動詞的時態、語態和主謂一致。主語Special tools和動詞develop之間是被動關系，根據時間狀語over the past few decades可知，設空處應用現在完成時的被動語態，主語表示復數意義。故填have been developed。
10．答案：disciplines
解析：考查名詞。discipline在此處意為“學科，科目”，是可數名詞，根據設空前的multiple可知，設空處應用名詞復數。故填disciplines。
　精深閱讀
(2024·福建省三明市第一中學高二下月考)Last Tuesday， a robotic ship called the Mayflower Autonomous Ship (MAS) set sail from Plymouth， England． The 15 meter ship will recreate the 1620 crossing of the Atlantic by the original Mayflower， which brought the first European settlers to what is now Plymouth， Massachusetts． But unlike the original Mayflower， there are no people on board． Everything about the ship is designed to run automatically． The ship is guided by an artificial intelligence (AI) system called “AI Captain”．
The MAS is a project run by a group called Pro Mare along with IBM， aiming to test different kinds of technologies for collecting information about the sea． The new Mayflower's electric motor is powered by solar energy． The builders of the ship say they hope it can be used in the future to travel and research parts of oceans that are too difficult or dangerous for people to reach． If these can be handled by machines， it could be a big advance in ocean research．
Since the MAS didn't have to carry humans， its designers were free to think about how to make the best ship for the job． Apart from cameras and radar to help the ship guide itself， the ship is carrying different kinds of tools and sensors． It has special listening devices which can detect whales and dolphins and even a special “tongue” that can report back on the chemicals in the seawater．
Last Friday morning， scientists tracking the ship noticed that it was going about half as fast as it should have been going． The AI Captain was working well， but there seemed to be something slowing the motor down． Since the ship had only covered 10% of the way across the Atlantic， the team decided to bring it back to Plymouth so that they could fix the problem and send it out again．
When the MAS finally does put out to sea again， it is expected to take about three weeks to cross the Atlantic Ocean． The fastest speed of the MAS is about 10 miles per hour． That may seem slow， but it's about 5 times faster than the original Mayflower， which took 66 days to make the journey．
篇章導讀：本文是一篇新聞報道。文章主要報道了一艘機器人船只橫渡大西洋的情況。
1．What might be the ultimate mission of the MAS project
A．Developing new AI captain systems．
B．Testing the new robotic ship of IBM．
C．Exploring the ocean with high technologies．
D．Travelling across the Atlantic on the Mayflower．
答案：C
解析：推理判斷題。根據第二段中的“The MAS is a project ．．． about the sea．”可知，MAS項目旨在測試收集海洋信息的不同技術，由此可推知，其終極使命是用高科技探索海洋。故選C。
2．What aspect of MAS does the third paragraph tell us
A．Its operating system． B．Its working principle．
C．Its functional equipment． D．Its design philosophy．
答案：C
解析：段落大意題。根據第三段中的“Apart from cameras ．．． in the seawater．(除了攝像頭和雷達幫助MAS自我導航外，它還攜帶了各種工具和傳感器，它有特殊的監聽裝置，可以探測到鯨魚和海豚，甚至還有一個特殊的 “舌頭”，可以報告海水中的化學物質。)”可知，本段介紹了MAS的功能設備。故選C。
3．What caused the MAS to turn back during its voyage
A．The AI Captain sent wrong instructions．
B．The electric motor got affected by something．
C．The scientists wanted to change the ship's route．
D．The ship needed to be serviced on a regular basis．
答案：B
解析：細節理解題。根據倒數第二段中的“The AI Captain was working well ．．． send it out again．”可知，人工智能船長工作得很好，但似乎有什么東西拖慢了馬達的速度，因此，團隊決定將其帶回普利茅斯，以便修復問題并再次出發，即馬達被某物影響導致MAS返航。故選B。
4．What could be the best title for the text
A．A Robotic Ship's Global Voyage
B．New Mayflower Crossing The Atlantic
C．New Mayflower's Failed Mission
D．AI Captain System Guiding A Robotic Ship
答案：B
解析：標題判斷題。通讀全文可知，文章主要介紹了一艘名為Mayflower Autonomous Ship(五月花號)的機器人船只將重現1620年“五月花號”穿越大西洋的場景，而新五月花號的一切設計都是自動運行的。由此可知，B項(新五月花號橫渡大西洋)最適合作為文章標題。故選B。
精深閱讀——好詞句小練
(一)熱詞
1．original adj． 原來的；最早的；起初的
2．automatically adv． 自動地
3．electric adj． 電的；用電的；電動的
4．sensor n． 傳感器
5．detect vt． 探測，發現；查明
(二)高頻短語
6．aim to do sth 旨在做某事
7．be handled by 由……控制/處理
8．apart from 除……之外
9．report__back 回報；匯報
10．put out to sea (船只)出海
(三)根據語境填入恰當的內容
1．The doors of the train automatically (automatic) close as soon as the safety sensors are clear．
2．The electric (electricity) motor powers the fan， providing a steady stream of cool air during the hot summer days．
3．The runner， slowing (slow) with each step， struggled to reach the finish line．
(四)寫出下列句子中黑體部分的漢語釋義
4．The Beidou Navigation System in my car accurately guides me to my destination．給……導航
5．The police are using advanced technology to track down the suspects in the robbery case．追蹤
6．As we walked through the forest， we covered several tens of miles of hilly paths．行走
(五)用方框中單詞的正確形式替換下列句子中的黑體部分
fix， carry， design
1．The innovative instrument was crafted by a team of experts， with a focus on efficiency．designed
2．The engineers solved the problems efficiently and resolved the problem within hours．fixed
3．The handyman transported the necessary implements to the job site， ready to undertake the repairs．carried
(六)長難句分析
The builders of the ship say they hope it can be used in the future to travel and research parts of oceans that are too difficult or dangerous for people to reach．
句意：這艘船的建造者表示，他們希望這艘船將來能被用于前往并研究那些人們難以到達或過于危險的海域。
分析：主干是The builders say；they hope it can be ．．． for people to reach是賓語從句，作say的賓語，從句中的it can be used ．．． for people to reach為賓語從句，省略了連接詞that；that引導定語從句，修飾parts of oceans，并在從句中作主語。
(七)根據所給漢語，完成下列句子
1．The development of renewable energy sources represents a big advance (一大進步) towards a more sustainable future．
2．I found the temptation to taste the cheese pasta too hard to resist (難以抵擋)．
(八)仿寫句子
The AI Captain was working well， but there seemed to be something slowing the motor down． (There seems to be ．．． )
仿寫：公眾似乎越來越意識到環境保護的重要性。
There seems to be a growing awareness among the public about the importance of environmental conservation．
4(共109張PPT)
WELCOME UNIT
UNIT 3　 SEA EXPLORATION
單元主題：人與自然——海洋探索
Section Ⅱ　Learning About Language
——Build up your vocabulary——
Affix (prefix/suffix) 含義 例詞
ex ___________ _______， exclude， examine， example， exact
ate __________________________________________ _________， facilitate， corporate， advocate， alternate
al 表示___________；形容詞詞尾，__________________________；表示加強 ______， rival， survival， central， digital
ue ______后綴 ______，issue， avenue， clue， value
出，向外
一、構詞法
extend
做某事，……的狀態，性質，特性
negotiate
行為、狀態
……的；與……相關的；朝向
royal
名詞
league
二、根據英文釋義寫出單詞
1．__________　to try to reach an agreement by formal discussion
2．_________　a deep passage of water in a river or near the coast that can be used as route for ships
3．_______　something that forms a connection between people or groups
4．_______　to make sth longer or larger
5．________　connected with the sea or ships
6．_______　a group of military ships commanded by the same person
7．_______　to look at or see sb/sth
8．_______　connected with or belonging to the king or queen of a country
negotiate
channel
bond
extend
maritime
fleet
behold
royal
WELCOME UNIT
——Discover useful structures——
預習檢測 詞匯打卡
自主學習 課時語法
目錄
CONTENTS
1
2
合作探究 課時重點
3
對點練習 鞏固所學
4
課后課時作業
5
預習檢測 詞匯打卡
一、閱讀單詞及詞塊：寫出漢語含義
1．tournament n．_________________
2．laptop n．____________________________
3．press conference___________________________
4．submersible n．________________
5．capsule n．_________________
6．coral n．_________
錦標賽；聯賽
筆記本電腦；便攜式電腦
記者招待會；新聞發布會
潛水器；可潛船
膠囊；太空艙
珊瑚
二、核心單詞：寫出英文單詞
1．_______ n． 政治；政治觀點
2．___________ vt．& vi． 鼓掌　vt． 稱贊；贊賞
3．_____ vt． 對……征稅；使納稅　n． 稅；稅款
4．____________ adv． 在水下　adj． 水下的
politics
applaud
tax
underwater
三、拓展單詞：寫出下列單詞的詞性轉換(可查字典)
1．profession n． 職業；行業→_______________ adj． 專業的；職業的　n． 專業人員，專家→____________ adv． 專業地；內行地→_________ n． 教授
2．mixture n． 混合；結合體；混合物→______ v． 混合；融合
3．coverage n． 新聞報道；覆蓋范圍→_______ v． 報道；覆蓋；行走一段路程；足夠支付
4．manned adj． 有人控制的；需人操縱的→_______ n． 人；男人；人類
professional
professionally
professor
mix
cover
man
自主學習　課時語法
寫出下列句子中的動詞不定式(短語)及其語法作用
1．(2024·全國甲卷)Although parks of all sizes and types exist at any level， the national parks， in particular， tend to catch our attention because of their large size and variety．____________________________
2．(2024·新課標Ⅱ卷)Campbell's point is to wake up those responsible for AI—the technology companies and world leaders—so they are on the same page as all the experts currently developing it．________________________
to catch our attention；作賓語
to wake up those；作表語
3．He is always the first to come and the last to leave．_____________________
___________
4．To enjoy a more spectacular sight， you must climb to a greater height．
_________________________________________
5．To maintain a healthy lifestyle is important for overall well being．_________
________________________
6．The teacher asked the student to finish his homework before leaving the classroom．__________________________________
to come，to leave；作后置定語
To enjoy a more spectacular sight；作目的狀語
To maintain a healthy lifestyle；作主語
to finish his homework；作賓語補足語
合作探究 課時重點
探究一　熱詞
1．applaud vt．& vi． 鼓掌　vt． 稱贊；贊賞(教材P29)
applause n． 掌聲；鼓掌
applaud one's success 為某人的成功喝彩
applaud sb for (doing) sth 因(做)某事贊賞某人
thunderous applause 雷鳴般的掌聲
a round of applause 一陣掌聲
burst into applause 爆發出掌聲
①We should applaud the authorities for their vision and decision to build parks instead of skyscrapers in or close to the city centers．
我們應該贊揚當局的遠見和決定，在市中心或市中心附近建造公園，而不是摩天大樓。
②They greeted him with thunderous applause．
他們以雷鳴般的掌聲歡迎了他。
③This hard earned accomplishment deserves a hearty round of applause．
這一來之不易的成就值得一陣熱烈的掌聲。
④The audience burst into spontaneous applause．
觀眾自發地鼓起掌來。
【學會運用】單句語法填空
①We applaud our members _____the solidarity shown in this matter．
②There was tremendous ________(applaud) when the curtain came down．
【學會表達】完成句子
③她每次演唱的時候，都會有一陣特別熱烈的掌聲。
There is always _______________________every time she sings．
for
applause
a good round of applause
2．profession n． 職業；行業→____________ adj． 專業的；職業的　n． 專業人員，專家→_____________ adv． 專業地；內行地→___________ n． 教授
professional
professionally
professor
My father chose a profession as a professor， and he has become a highly respected professional in his field．
我父親選擇了成為一名教授的職業，并且他在自己的領域里已經成了一位備受尊敬的專業人士。
I carefully mixed the ingredients together to create the perfect mixture for the cake．
我小心地把原料混合在一起，以制作蛋糕的完美混合物。
3．mixture n． 混合；結合體；混合物→______ v． 混合；融合
mix
4．coverage n． 新聞報道；覆蓋范圍→_____ v． 報道；覆蓋；行走一段路程；足夠支付
The news report provided extensive coverage of the event， ensuring that all aspects of the story were covered．
新聞報道對這個事件進行了廣泛的報道，確保故事的各個方面都被涵蓋。
cover
【學會運用】單句語法填空
①She has a very ____________(profession) attitude towards her work， always striving for excellence．
②The chef created a unique dish by combining a _________(mix) of traditional and modern flavors．
③The media provided comprehensive __________ (cover) of the election results， ensuring that the public was well informed．
professional
mixture
coverage
【學會表達】完成句子
④她很專業地進行了這次采訪，提出了深思熟慮的問題，并始終保持著尊重的態度。
_____________________________________， asking thoughtful questions and maintaining a respectful demeanor throughout．
She conducted the interview professionally
探究二　動詞不定式(復習)
(1)作主語
1)不定式(短語)在句首作主語
不定式(短語)作主語時，一般表示具體的或一次性的動作。
①To make you understand him completely is impossible．
讓你們完全了解他是不可能的。
動詞不定式：不定式是英語動詞的非謂語形式之一，形式上由“to＋動詞原形”構成。不定式仍保留著動詞的部分特性，可以帶賓語和狀語構成不定式短語，有時態和語態的變化。
語法點1　用法
②To remember to switch off the electricity is important．
重要的是要記住關掉電源。
2)用it作形式主語
不定式、特別是不定式短語作主語時，為了保持句子平衡，往往把主語放在句子末尾，用it代替不定式(短語)作形式主語。
①It is impossible to make you understand him completely．
讓你們完全了解他是不可能的。
②It's important to remember to switch off the electricity．
重要的是要記住關掉電源。
　 在以it為形式主語的句子中，它所代表的真正主語有時用不定式復合結構，而不定式的邏輯主語用for或of引出。
如果句中作表語的形容詞表示事物的性質，如important， necessary， possible， easy， difficult， hard， heavy等，用for引出。如果句中作表語的形容詞表示人的特征、品德或意愿，如kind， honest， careless， lazy， stupid， generous， cruel， willing， reluctant， deliberate等，則用of引出。
It is impossible for us to get there before lunch．
我們在午餐前趕到那里是不可能的。
It's careless of her to notice nothing of it．
她很粗心，什么都沒注意到。
(2)作表語
1)主語和表語都是不定式(其含義往往一個是條件，一個是結果)
①To be kind to the enemy is to be cruel to the people．
善待敵人，就是對人民殘酷。
②To do that would be to cut the foot to fit the shoe．
那樣做就是削足適履。
2)主語是以aim， duty， hope， idea， intention， mistake， plan， proposal， job， suggestion等為中心詞的名詞短語或what引導的名詞性從句，后面的不定式說明其內容。
①My idea is to climb the mountain from the north．
我的想法是從北面爬山。
②What I would suggest is to start work at once．
我的建議是立刻開始工作。
　 在某些句型中，當主語部分含有實義動詞do的某種形式時，作表語的不定式符號“to”可以省略。
All we have to do is push the button．
我們只要按一下按鈕就行了。
The only thing I can do now is go on by myself．
我現在唯一能做的事情就是靠自己繼續進行下去。
(3)作賓語
1)不定式用作賓語時相當于名詞，放在某些及物動詞之后。這類常見的及物動詞有：afford， agree， aim， appear， apply， arrange， ask， attempt， want， decide等。
①All the competitors agree to observe the spirit of fair play in all of the games．
所有參賽者都同意在所有比賽中遵循公平競爭的精神。
②He had decided to return after receiving the letter from Bill．
收到比爾的信后，他便決定回來。
2)用作賓語的動詞不定式有時可以帶上疑問詞how， where， who， when， which， why， what， whether等一起構成不定式短語。后接這種結構的常見動詞有：ask， consider， decide， discuss， explain， forget， inquire， know， learn， remember等。
①We learned how to create and register a new web page．
我們學會了新網頁的制作和注冊方法。
②He didn't know whether to laugh or to cry when he heard the words．
聽了這話，他啼笑皆非。
　 用作賓語的不定式后面如果有補語，可以用it作形式賓語，把真正的賓語置于補語之后，以免賓語太長使句子顯得不協調。在這種用法中，常見的動詞有think， feel， make， find， consider， count， judge， believe， take等。
She thought it unnecessary to quarrel with him over trifles．
她認為沒必要為小事跟他爭吵。
I took it an honor to have been invited to the meeting．
我很榮幸應邀出席這次會議。
(4)作定語
1)不定式作定語通常位于被修飾的名詞(短語)之后，說明被修飾詞的特征。
①Can you think up a good way to deal with the ever increasing prices
你們能否想出一個應對日益上漲的物價的好辦法？
②A letter from Clare gave her an excuse to leave．
克萊爾的一封來信給了她一個離開的借口。
2)如果不定式和被修飾的具體名詞之間有邏輯上的動賓關系，則不定式多半表示未來的動作，翻譯時需在不定式前加“要”字。
①We have three machines to repair today．
我們今天有三臺機器要修理。
②Would you like something to drink
你要喝點什么嗎？
3)在處于動賓關系的情況下，如果不定式是不及物動詞，其后要加一個結構上或含義上所需的介詞。
①Jack is a pleasant fellow to work with．
杰克是一個很好共事的人。
②John is the best man to consult about the matter with．
約翰是可以與之商量此事的最佳人選。
(5)作狀語
1)用作目的狀語——可位于句首或句末。有時，為了強調目的，特別是當不定式前有否定詞not時，通常在不定式前加上in order或so as。前者可位于句首或句末，后者只能位于句末。
①We use electrical energy to do many things．
我們能用電做許多事情。
②We talked quietly so as not to be overheard．
我們低聲交談，以免別人聽到。
2)用作結果狀語——不定式作結果狀語通常位于句末，且常與only， never等連用，不定式的邏輯主語往往是句子的主語。能直接用其不定式作結果狀語的動詞常見的有find， hear， see， give， learn， make， produce等。
①I reached the station only to find that my train had already left．
我到了車站，卻發現我要搭乘的火車已經開走了。
②After the war they parted company， never to see each other again．
戰后他們分道揚鑣，從此再也沒見過面。
　 (1)在“too＋形容詞＋不定式”結構中，不定式表示結果。這類句子在形式上是肯定的，但在內容上是否定的，意為“太……以至于不能……”。
This material is too expensive to use in everyday life．
這種材料太昂貴，不能用于日常生活中。
Amanda is far too young to get married．
阿曼達還太小，不能結婚。
(2)用于enough或“so＋形容詞或副詞＋as”或“such＋名詞＋as”之后的不定式(短語)表示結果，一般放在句末。
The auditorium is spacious enough to hold five thousand people．
禮堂很寬敞，足以容納五千人。
I'm not so desperate as to agree to that．
我還沒絕望到要同意這一點的地步。
3)用作原因狀語——形式與目的狀語相似。區分標志是：表示目的，不定式前可加in order或so as， 不定式的動作后于謂語動詞的動作；表示原因，則不定式的動作先于謂語動詞的動作。
(6)作賓語補足語
1)不定式作賓語補足語時，通常跟在某些及物動詞的賓語之后，對賓語作進一步的補充說明，并與該賓語構成邏輯上的主謂關系。這類及物動詞常見的有：advise， allow， ask， want， beg， cause， consider， command， compel， drive， encourage等。
①I wanted something to happen to me， but nothing happened．
我希望我身上會發生些什么，可是什么都沒發生。
②I know nothing about him and I beg you to tell me nothing．
他的情況我并不知道，我也請求您別告訴我。
2)使役動詞如let， make， have等和感官動詞(短語)如see， watch， perceive， observe， notice， hear， feel， look at， listen to等用于主動語態時，作其賓語補足語的不定式需省略to。
①She let her hand fall from his arm and said no more．
她放開他的胳膊，沒再說什么。
②He saw the car drive up outside the police station．
他看到那輛車開到了警察局外面。
3)在某些表示心理狀態的動詞如believe， find， consider， prove， suppose， think， know， understand， judge， guess， declare， take， deny等后，作賓語補足語的不定式往往是“to be＋其他”。這時，這些不定式中的to be通常可省略。
①We found the answer (to be) correct．
我們發現這個答案是對的。
②They declared themselves (to be) for the plan．
他們宣稱自己贊成這個計劃。
動詞不定式沒有人稱和數的變化，但有時態和語態上的變化。
語法點2　時態和語態
主動語態 被動語態
一般式 to do to be done
進行式 to be doing —
完成式 to have done to have been done
完成進行式 to have been doing —
(1)不定式的一般式表示的動作與謂語動詞的動作同時發生或發生在謂語動詞之后；不定式的一般被動式表示不定式的邏輯主語是不定式所表示的動作的承受者，而不是發出者。
①They were expected to do the impossible．
他們被期待去做不可能的事。
②This shirt needs to be washed．
這件襯衫該洗了。
(2)不定式的進行式表示的動作與謂語動詞的動作同時發生，而且正在進行。
I'm very glad to be working with Alan．
和艾倫一起工作，我感到很高興。
(3)不定式的完成式表示的動作發生在謂語動詞或特定的時間之前；不定式的完成被動式表示不定式的邏輯主語是不定式所表示動作的承受者。
①The team doesn't seem to have clicked yet．
這支隊伍好像還沒有配合默契。
②She claims to have been dismissed unfairly．
她聲稱遭到無理解雇。
(4)不定式的完成進行式強調不定式表示的動作從過去某一時刻開始一直持續到某一時刻，強調動作的持續性，而不強調結果。
The Smiths is said to have been living in Thailand for 25 years．
據說史密斯一家已經在泰國生活25年了。
　 不定式通常以固定短語的形式構成獨立成分，在句中用作插入語
(也稱評注性狀語)，對全句作附加說明，表示說話人對所說的話的看法或態度。
作插入語的不定式常見的有：to begin with， to be fair， to be frank， to conclude等。
To begin with， we must consider the problem in an all round way．
首先，我們必須全面地考慮這個問題。
To conclude， his coming here is a great help to us．
總之，他來到這里對我們幫助很大。
(1)單句語法填空
①It took a few youthful and daring businessmen _______(get) the ball rolling．
②There are lots of ways ________(raise) awareness for a cause．
③She is known ___________________(deal) with the problems for many years．
④Another way of setting realistic goals is ____________(analyze) your short and long term objectives， keeping in mind your beliefs， values and strengths．
⑤We were in high spirits ______(hear) the words of our teacher’s encouragement．
to get
to raise
to have been dealing
to analyze
to hear
(2)完成句子
①(2024·新課標Ⅱ卷)緩解游客過多的目的地壓力的最好方法是去其他地方。
The best way _______________on over touristed destinations is ______________
____________________．
②她還找了牙醫，了解更多關于牙齒清潔方面的知識。
She also approached dentists ___________________________．
③讀書滿足了我不斷學習的愿望。
Reading satisfies my desire ________________．
to ease pressure
to learn more about teeth cleaning
to learn more about teeth cleaning
to keep learning
④我打算參加明天舉辦的會議。
I plan to attend the meeting _________________．
⑤鑒于該地區的受歡迎度，事先預訂旅館或露營地是可取的。
Because of the popularity of the region， it is advisable _____________________
____________________．
to be held tomorrow
to book hotels or campsites in advance
對點練習 鞏固所學
維度一　高頻詞匯
(一)寫出下列詞綴的含義及例詞
1． al→______________________________________________→_____,______
2． ue→___________→_______,________
3． ate→________________________________→_________,____________
4．ex →___________→________,__________
表示行為、狀態；……的；與……相關的；朝向
royal
名詞后綴
league
做某事，……的狀態，性質，特性
negotiate
出，向外
extend
rival
issue
corporate
examine
(二)選詞填空
1．______ plays a crucial role in shaping the policies that affect people's daily lives．
2．The speaker's inspiring words __________the audience to take action for change．
3．The government has proposed a new ______reform plan aimed at reducing the burden on low income families．
4．The health insurance plan offers comprehensive _________for both inpatient and outpatient treatments．
5．Choosing the right _____________is a decision that can significantly impact one’s life path．
Politics
tax， motivate， coverage， profession， politics
motivated
tax
coverage
profession
維度二　語法運用
(三)單句語法填空
1．________ (learn) a new language is a challenging but rewarding experience．
2．She decided ________(travel) around the world before settling down．
3．I have a book ________(read) before bed every night．
4．I applaud her ______having the courage to refuse．
5．My goal for this year is __________(improve) my fitness．
To learn
to travel
to read
for
to improve
維度三　素養提升
(四)根據所給漢語，完成下列句子
1．為了趕上第一班火車，他起得很早。
He got up early __________________________．
2．老師鼓勵那個害羞的學生多參與課堂討論。
The teacher encouraged the shy student __________________________________．
3．經過數月的努力學習，他最終以優異的成績成功地通過了那門很難的考試。
After studying hard for months， he finally managed _______________________
with flying colors．
(in order) to catch the first train
to participate more in class discussions
to pass the difficult exam
(五)翻譯
1．她的人生目標是環游世界，體驗不同的文化。
__________________________________________________________
2．人們發現她在音樂創作方面極有天賦。
______________________________________________________
Her goal in life is to travel the world and experience different cultures．
She was found to be extremely talented in music composition．
課后課時作業
較易題(占比70%)　中檔題(占比30%)　拔高題(占比0%)
題號 Ⅰ Ⅱ Ⅲ
難度 ★★ ★ ★
Ⅰ　完形填空
(2024·安徽省泗水第一中學高二下月考)Growing up in coastal Maine， Lynda Doughty spent lots of time out on the sea． There she often saw whales， seals and other marine (海洋的) animals． She developed a(n) __1__ for the wildlife living along the coast．
“I remember being so amazed by them and __2__ what was happening in their life，” Doughty said．
She also __3__ that their livelihood was influenced by pollution and other human related activities． She wanted to do something to __4__ these animals．
So she became a marine __5__ and worked with organisations that provided help for sick and injured sea animals． But as many nonprofits (非營利機構) closed their doors， Doughty decided to step in．
In 2011， she __6__ her nonprofit， Marine Mammals of Maine， and has since provided help and medical care for more than 3，000 sea animals．
However， things became more difficult later， but they couldn’t __7__—the animals __8__， needed their help．
“We were so nervous of how we would __9__ as a nonprofit in uncertain times，” Doughty said． “__10__， our team stood strong and we were able to continue to help animals．”
When another New England based marine animal rescue program __11__ its animal care， Doughty's work became more __12__ than ever．
“We could no longer take any __13__ to their rescue center and there were not enough rehabilitation (康復) places for these animals． Actually， we were really __14__ and there was more pressure for our center to stay open，” Doughty said．
篇章導讀：本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述了海洋生物學家Lynda Doughty (琳達·道蒂)為保護海洋動物創立了非營利組織，致力于救助受傷海洋生物的故事。
“I feel this strong __15__ to help these animals，” Doughty said． “This is what I was put on the earth to do．”
1．A．habit B．taste
C．love D．approach
解析：根據前文“Growing up in coastal Maine”和后文“I remember being ... happening in their life”可知，她自小在海邊長大，對這些動物感到好奇，說明她熱愛這些動物。故選C。
2．A．dreaming B．wondering
C．estimating D．approving
解析：dream夢想；wonder好奇；estimate估計；approve批準。根據前文“I remember being so amazed by them”可知，她對海洋動物的生活感到驚奇，所以會對這些動物生活中所發生的事情感到好奇。故選B。
3．A．recognised B．imagined
C．doubted D．noticed
解析：recognise認出；imagine想象；doubt懷疑；notice注意到。根據后文“She wanted to do something”可知，她想要采取行動，說明她已經注意到了動物們的生活已經受到了污染和其他與人類相關的活動的影響。故選D。
4．A．protect B．attract
C．evolve D．prevent
解析：protect保護；attract吸引；evolve進化；prevent阻止。根據前文“their livelihood was influenced by pollution and other human related activities”可知，她看到了這些受到污染和人類活動影響的動物，所以她想要做些事情去保護它們。故選A。
5．A．chemist B．biologist
C．linguist D．psychologist
解析：根據前文“marine”和后文“worked with organisations ... injured sea animals”可知，她的工作與生物學相關，所以她成了一名海洋生物學家。故選B。
6．A．set out B．gave out
C．set up D．gave up
解析：set out出發；give out分發；set up建立；give up放棄。根據后文“her nonprofit， Marine Mammals of Maine”可知，她建立了一個非營利組織。故選C。
7．A．go back B．wipe out
C．come along D．slow down
解析：go back返回；wipe out徹底摧毀；come along一起來，進展；slow down放慢。根據前文“things became more difficult later， but they couldn't”可知，盡管有困難，但他們不能停止幫助動物，即不能放慢幫助動物的腳步。故選D。
8．A．already B．still
C．even D．just
解析：根據前文“they couldn't __7__”可知，他們還不能放松，因為動物仍然需要他們的幫助。故選B。
9．A．survive B．capture
C．occupy D．quit
解析： survive生存；capture捕獲；occupy占據；quit停止，退出。根據后文“our team stood strong and we were able to continue to help animals”可知，他們的團隊依然存在，而且還能繼續發揮功能，說明剛開始她擔心的是非營利組織的生存問題。故選A。
10．A．Normally B．Hopefully
C．Naturally D．Luckily
解析：句意：幸運的是，我們的團隊很堅強，我們能夠繼續幫助動物。 normally通常；hopefully有希望地；naturally自然地；luckily幸運地。故選D。
11．A．started B．stopped
C．continued D．forgot
解析：根據后文“Doughty's work became more __12__ than ever”可知，Doughty的工作顯得格外重要起來，是因為有一個海洋動物援救項目停止了運作。故選B。
12．A．generous B．delightful
C．crucial D．terrifying
解析： generous慷慨的；delightful高興的；crucial至關重要的；terrifying可怕的。根據前文“When another New England based ... its animal care”可知，Doughty的工作在這個時候顯得尤為重要。故選C。
13．A．employers B．partners
C．experts D．animals
解析：根據后文“to their rescue center”可知，此處指的是動物。故選D。
14．A．assisted B．encouraged
C．needed D．impressed
解析： assist協助；encourage鼓勵；need需要；impress給……留下深刻的好印象。根據后文“there was more pressure for our center to stay open”可知，他們的救援中心壓力更大了，因為動物們的確很需要Doughty團隊的幫助。故選C。
15．A．responsibility B．ability
C．personality D．chance
解析： responsibility責任；ability能力；personality個性；chance機會。根據后文“This is what I was put on the earth to do．”可知，她感到自己有責任去做這件事。故選A。
Ⅱ　七選五
(2024·河北省唐山市路北區高二下期中)There has been a very serious decline in the numbers of shallow water fish as a result of overfishing． People still want to eat fish， so the fishing industry must look at other sources， especially the deep waters of the Atlantic． __1__
Conservation measures will have to be put in place if these deep sea fish are to survive． Research on five such species shows that numbers have declined by between 87 percent and 98 percent． __2__ Many species could well disappear completely if the present trend continues． These are species that have been swimming in our oceans for hundreds of millions of years．
The problem is emphasized by the fact that the decline in numbers happened in less than twenty years． Deep sea fish take a long time to reproduce and normally live for many years． __3__ The average size of such fish also declined， with one species showing a 57 percent decline in average size． This is of particular concern， as large fish tend to produce more offspring than small ones．
__4__ The deep sea species have been caught as if they were the fast breeding (快速繁殖) fish like sardine and herring． It is like killing elephants as if they reproduced at the same rate as rabbits．
The damage done by overfishing goes beyond the sea environment． Millions of people make a living in the fishing industry． __5__ Measures must be taken to not only conserve ecosystems， but also sustain livelihoods and ensure food security．
A．Billions of people rely on fish for protein．
B．Many people now choose not to eat deep sea fish．
C．Unfortunately， their reproduction rate is very low．
D．This puts them in the category of “critically endangered”．
E．None of these facts has been taken into account by the fishing industry．
F．Overfishing is a major cause of decline in populations of ocean wildlife．
G．This has resulted in a sharp decline in the numbers of many of the species caught．
篇章導讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了由于過度捕撈，淺水魚類的數量已經嚴重下降以及由此導致的后果。
解析：根據上文“People still want to ... the deep waters of the Atlantic．”可知，G項(這導致許多被捕獲物種的數量急劇下降。)承接上文，說明以上做法導致的不良影響。故選G。
1．答案：G
解析：根據上文“Research on five such species shows that numbers have declined by between 87 percent and 98 percent．”可知，有些種類的魚的數量下降了87%到98%。D項(這使得它們被歸為“極度瀕危”物種。)承接上文，D項中的“This”指代上文提到的“numbers have declined by between 87 percent and 98 percent”。故選D。
2．答案：D
解析：根據上文“Deep sea fish take a long time to reproduce and normally live for many years．”可知，深海魚的繁殖時間非常長，可以存活很多年，C項(不幸的是，它們的繁殖率非常低。)承接上文，與上文構成轉折關系。故選C。
3．答案：C
解析：根據下文內容可知，深海魚被捕撈，仿佛它們是沙丁魚和鯡魚等快速繁殖的魚類，由此可知，漁業忽略了一些物種繁殖速度慢的事實。E項(漁業沒有考慮到這些事實。)引出下文。故選E。
4．答案：E
解析：根據上文“Millions of people make a living in the fishing industry．(數百萬人以漁業為生。)”可知，A項(數十億人依賴魚類獲取蛋白質。)與上文并列，說明漁業對人的重要作用。故選A。
5．答案：A
Ⅲ　語法填空
(2024·廣東中山高二下期末)Oceans cover about 70 percent of the Earths' surface， yet even today their depths remain largely unexplored． Scientists estimate between 90 and 95 percent of the deep sea remains __1__ (mystery)． The deep sea is __2__ (true) the planet's final frontier．
The term “deep sea” doesn’t have __3__ same meaning to everyone． To fishermen， the deep sea is any part of the ocean beyond the relatively shallow continental shelf． To scientists， the deep sea is the lowest part of the ocean， located below the thermocline (溫躍層) __4__ heating and cooling effects from sunlight stop __5__ (have) an effect， and above the sea floor． This is the part of the ocean __6__ (deep) than 1，800 meters．
It’s difficult __7__ (research) the depths because they are permanently dark， extremely cold and __8__ high pressure． From the time of Pliny until the end of the 19th century， people believed the deep sea was a lifeless wasteland． Modern scientists recognize the deep sea as the largest habitat on the planet． Special tools __9__ (develop) by humans over the past few decades to explore this cold and dark environment． Deep sea exploration involves multiple __10__ (discipline)， such as oceanography， biology， geography， archaeology， and engineering．
篇章導讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了深海勘探的歷史與技術。
1．________　2．________　3．________　4．________
5．________　6．________　7．________　8．________
9．________　10．________
解析：考查詞性轉換。remains為連系動詞，設空處應用形容詞作表語。故填mysterious。
1．答案：mysterious
2．答案：truly
解析：考查詞性轉換。設空處作狀語修飾be動詞is，應用副詞。故填truly。
解析：考查冠詞。same前常用定冠詞，為固定用法。故填the。
3．答案：the
4．答案：where
解析：考查定語從句的引導詞。設空處引導定語從句，先行詞是thermocline，關系詞在從句中作地點狀語，應用關系副詞where引導。故填where。
解析：考查非謂語動詞。此處指陽光的加熱和冷卻效應停止起作用，stop doing sth意為“停止做某事”。故填having。
5．答案：having
6．答案：deeper
解析：考查形容詞的比較級。根據than可知，設空處應用形容詞的比較級。故填deeper。
解析：考查非謂語動詞。It是形式主語，設空處應用動詞不定式作真正的主語。故填to research。
7．答案：to research
8．答案：under
解析：考查介詞。under high pressure意為“在高壓之下”，為固定短語。故填under。
解析：考查動詞的時態、語態和主謂一致。主語Special tools和動詞develop之間是被動關系，根據時間狀語over the past few decades可知，設空處應用現在完成時的被動語態，主語表示復數意義。故填have been developed。
9．答案：have been developed
10．答案：disciplines
解析：考查名詞。discipline在此處意為“學科，科目”，是可數名詞，根據設空前的multiple可知，設空處應用名詞復數。故填disciplines。
(2024·福建省三明市第一中學高二下月考)Last Tuesday， a robotic ship called the Mayflower Autonomous Ship (MAS) set sail from Plymouth， England． The 15 meter ship will recreate the 1620 crossing of the Atlantic by the original Mayflower， which brought the first European settlers to what is now Plymouth， Massachusetts． But unlike the original Mayflower， there are no people on board． Everything about the ship is designed to run automatically． The ship is guided by an artificial intelligence (AI) system called “AI Captain”．
精深閱讀
The MAS is a project run by a group called Pro Mare along with IBM， aiming to test different kinds of technologies for collecting information about the sea． The new Mayflower’s electric motor is powered by solar energy． The builders of the ship say they hope it can be used in the future to travel and research parts of oceans that are too difficult or dangerous for people to reach． If these can be handled by machines， it could be a big advance in ocean research．
Since the MAS didn’t have to carry humans， its designers were free to think about how to make the best ship for the job． Apart from cameras and radar to help the ship guide itself， the ship is carrying different kinds of tools and sensors． It has special listening devices which can detect whales and dolphins and even a special “tongue” that can report back on the chemicals in the seawater．
Last Friday morning， scientists tracking the ship noticed that it was going about half as fast as it should have been going． The AI Captain was working well， but there seemed to be something slowing the motor down． Since the ship had only covered 10% of the way across the Atlantic， the team decided to bring it back to Plymouth so that they could fix the problem and send it out again．
篇章導讀：本文是一篇新聞報道。文章主要報道了一艘機器人船只橫渡大西洋的情況。
When the MAS finally does put out to sea again， it is expected to take about three weeks to cross the Atlantic Ocean． The fastest speed of the MAS is about 10 miles per hour． That may seem slow， but it’s about 5 times faster than the original Mayflower， which took 66 days to make the journey．
1．What might be the ultimate mission of the MAS project
A．Developing new AI captain systems．
B．Testing the new robotic ship of IBM．
C．Exploring the ocean with high technologies．
D．Travelling across the Atlantic on the Mayflower．
解析：推理判斷題。根據第二段中的“The MAS is a project ... about the sea．”可知，MAS項目旨在測試收集海洋信息的不同技術，由此可推知，其終極使命是用高科技探索海洋。故選C。
2．What aspect of MAS does the third paragraph tell us
A．Its operating system． B．Its working principle．
C．Its functional equipment． D．Its design philosophy．
解析：段落大意題。根據第三段中的“Apart from cameras ... in the seawater．(除了攝像頭和雷達幫助MAS自我導航外，它還攜帶了各種工具和傳感器，它有特殊的監聽裝置，可以探測到鯨魚和海豚，甚至還有一個特殊的 “舌頭”，可以報告海水中的化學物質。)”可知，本段介紹了MAS的功能設備。故選C。
3．What caused the MAS to turn back during its voyage
A．The AI Captain sent wrong instructions．
B．The electric motor got affected by something．
C．The scientists wanted to change the ship's route．
D．The ship needed to be serviced on a regular basis．
解析：細節理解題。根據倒數第二段中的“The AI Captain was working well ... send it out again．”可知，人工智能船長工作得很好，但似乎有什么東西拖慢了馬達的速度，因此，團隊決定將其帶回普利茅斯，以便修復問題并再次出發，即馬達被某物影響導致MAS返航。故選B。
4．What could be the best title for the text
A．A Robotic Ship's Global Voyage
B．New Mayflower Crossing The Atlantic
C．New Mayflower's Failed Mission
D．AI Captain System Guiding A Robotic Ship
解析：標題判斷題。通讀全文可知，文章主要介紹了一艘名為Mayflower Autonomous Ship(五月花號)的機器人船只將重現1620年“五月花號”穿越大西洋的場景，而新五月花號的一切設計都是自動運行的。由此可知，B項(新五月花號橫渡大西洋)最適合作為文章標題。故選B。
精深閱讀——好詞句小練
(一)熱詞
1．________ adj． 原來的；最早的；起初的
2．automatically adv．__________
3．_________ adj． 電的；用電的；電動的
4．sensor n．___________
5．_______ vt． 探測，發現；查明
original
自動地
electric
傳感器
detect
(二)高頻短語
6．aim to do sth_______________
7．be handled by____________________
8．apart from________________
9．_____________ 回報；匯報
10．put out to sea________________
旨在做某事
由……控制/處理
除……之外
report back
(船只)出海
(三)根據語境填入恰當的內容
1．The doors of the train _____________(automatic) close as soon as the safety sensors are clear．
2．The __________(electricity) motor powers the fan， providing a steady stream of cool air during the hot summer days．
3．The runner， ______(slow) with each step， struggled to reach the finish line．
automatically
electric
slowing
(四)寫出下列句子中黑體部分的漢語釋義
4．The Beidou Navigation System in my car accurately guides me to my destination．________________
5．The police are using advanced technology to track down the suspects in the robbery case．_______
6．As we walked through the forest， we covered several tens of miles of hilly paths．_______
給……導航
追蹤
行走
(五)用方框中單詞的正確形式替換下列句子中的黑體部分
1．The innovative instrument was crafted by a team of experts， with a focus on efficiency．___________
2．The engineers solved the problems efficiently and resolved the problem within hours．_________
3．The handyman transported the necessary implements to the job site， ready to undertake the repairs．_________
designed
fix， carry， design
fixed
carried
(六)長難句分析
The builders of the ship say they hope it can be used in the future to travel and research parts of oceans that are too difficult or dangerous for people to reach．
句意：這艘船的建造者表示，他們希望這艘船將來能被用于前往并研究那些人們難以到達或過于危險的海域。
分析：主干是_______________；they hope it can be ... for people to reach是_____從句，作say的_____，從句中的it can be used ... for people to reach為_____從句，省略了連接詞______；that引導______從句，修飾_______________，并在從句中作_______。
The builders say
賓語
賓語
賓語
that
定語
parts of oceans
主語
(七)根據所給漢語，完成下列句子
1．The development of renewable energy sources represents ________________(一大進步) towards a more sustainable future．
2．I found the temptation to taste the cheese pasta _______________(難以抵擋)．
a big advance
too hard to resist
(八)仿寫句子
The AI Captain was working well， but there seemed to be something slowing the motor down． (There seems to be ... )
仿寫：公眾似乎越來越意識到環境保護的重要性。
______________________________________________________________________________________________
There seems to be a growing awareness among the public about the importance of environmental conservation．

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