資源簡(jiǎn)介

英語(yǔ)　選擇性必修·第四冊(cè)［RJ］
Section Ⅰ　Reading and Thinking
一、閱讀單詞：寫出漢語(yǔ)含義
1．tale n． 故事；敘述
2．merchant n． 商人；批發(fā)商　adj． 海上貨運(yùn)的
3．fleet n． 艦隊(duì)；機(jī)群；車隊(duì)
4．spice n． (調(diào)味)香料
5．maritime adj． 海的；海運(yùn)的；海事的
二、核心單詞：寫出英文單詞
1．negotiate vt． 商定；達(dá)成(協(xié)議)　vi． 談判；磋商；協(xié)商
2．behold vt． 看；看見(jiàn)
3．league n． 等級(jí)；水平；聯(lián)合會(huì)；聯(lián)賽
4．withdraw vi．& vt． (使)撤回；撤離
5．channel n． 航道；海峽；頻道
三、拓展單詞：寫出下列單詞的詞性轉(zhuǎn)換(可查字典)
1．extend vt． 擴(kuò)展；使伸長(zhǎng)；延長(zhǎng)→extension n． 延伸；延期；延長(zhǎng)→extensive adj． 廣闊的；廣泛的→extensively adv． 廣闊地；廣泛地
2．royal adj． 皇家的；王室的；高貴的→royally adv． 莊嚴(yán)地；高貴地→royalty n． 王室；王室成員
四、熟詞生義：寫出熟義
bond 熟義：n． 紐帶；關(guān)系
vt．& vi． 增強(qiáng)信任關(guān)系；使牢固結(jié)合
生義：n． 債券；公債
五、核心短語(yǔ)：寫出英語(yǔ)表達(dá)
1．set sail 起航；開(kāi)航
2．in a league of one's own 獨(dú)領(lǐng)風(fēng)騷
3．withdraw from 退出；撤回
4．in hand 在手頭；可供使用
課文三維剖析
REACHING OUT ACROSS THE SEA
跨越海洋
Trade and curiosity have often formed the foundation of mankind's greatest achievements． To complete the great map of the world1 was a strong passion for the people of early civilisations． Marco Polo's tales inspired European explorers to search for sea routes from west to east． However， merchants and explorers from the East set sail from east to west many years before Columbus first did2． 1動(dòng)詞不定式短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式 2時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，動(dòng)詞did代替前面的動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)set sail
貿(mào)易和好奇心通常構(gòu)成人類最偉大成就的基礎(chǔ)。在早期文明中，人們對(duì)繪制世界大地圖充滿激情。馬可·波羅的故事激勵(lì)了歐洲探險(xiǎn)家尋找自西向東的海上航線。然而，在哥倫布首次啟航之前許多年，東方的商人和探險(xiǎn)家就已經(jīng)開(kāi)始自東向西航行。
In ancient times， silk from China found its way overland to India， the Middle East， and Rome， along what3 became known as the Silk Road． A trading route across the sea was also extended along the coasts of the Indian Ocean， centred around Ceylon (now Sri Lanka)． Here， merchants from China and many other places met to negotiate trade deals4， which5 also led to more awareness of each other's cultures． Over the centuries， further trading allowed more exploration of the regions to the west of China， as6 recorded in Du Huan's Record of My Travels in the eighth century． 3引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句，此從句相當(dāng)于the road which became known as the Silk Road 4動(dòng)詞不定式短語(yǔ)作目的狀語(yǔ) 5引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，指代前面整個(gè)主句 6引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，先行詞為前面的主句所表達(dá)的內(nèi)容
在古代，中國(guó)絲綢經(jīng)由一條陸路運(yùn)到印度、中東和羅馬，這條路就是有名的“絲綢之路”。以錫蘭(今斯里蘭卡)為中心的一條橫跨海洋的貿(mào)易路線沿印度洋海岸延伸。在這里，來(lái)自中國(guó)和其他許多地方的商人匯聚一起，洽談貿(mào)易協(xié)議，這也增進(jìn)了對(duì)彼此文化的認(rèn)識(shí)。幾個(gè)世紀(jì)間，隨著貿(mào)易的發(fā)展，對(duì)中國(guó)以西地區(qū)的探索增多了，這些在八世紀(jì)杜環(huán)所著的《經(jīng)行記》一書(shū)中有所記載。
Later， the Ming Dynasty further developed relations with these regions． Between 1405 and 1433， seven large fleets sailed west on voyages of trade and exploration． These fleets were a sight to behold and were in a league of their own at that time． Under the command of Zheng He， they set sail from the South China Sea across the Indian Ocean to the mouth of the Red Sea， and7 then to the east coast of Africa． African royal families sent gifts such as giraffes as gestures of friendship in return for gold， silk， and spices． Although8 China withdrew from further expeditions after 1433， these land and sea routes remained active channels between other cultures for centuries． 7連接兩個(gè)介詞短語(yǔ)to the mouth of the Red Sea和to the east coast of Africa，在句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ) 8引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，可以和Though/While互換
后來(lái)，明朝進(jìn)一步發(fā)展了與這些地區(qū)的關(guān)系。1405年至1433年間，七支大型船隊(duì)西渡重洋，開(kāi)展貿(mào)易和探索。這些船隊(duì)在當(dāng)時(shí)蔚為壯觀，獨(dú)領(lǐng)風(fēng)騷。在鄭和的指揮下，船隊(duì)從中國(guó)南海起航，穿越印度洋，直抵紅?？?，然后前往非洲東海岸。非洲王室贈(zèng)送長(zhǎng)頸鹿等禮物以示友好，同時(shí)也是作為他們獲得黃金、絲綢和香料的回贈(zèng)。盡管1433年后中國(guó)停止了進(jìn)一步的探索，但在隨后的幾個(gè)世紀(jì)，這些陸地和海洋路線仍是與其他文化之間的活躍通道。
To reach out across the sea9 remains a strong desire today． The ancient sea routes travelled by Zheng He10 are being revisited with the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road， which11 is part of the Belt and Road Initiative． The aim of this initiative is to encourage cooperation and12 trade across the historic Silk Road areas， and strengthen the bonds between China and the rest of the world． Trading has grown greatly in recent years，and will continue to do so in years to come13． China has invested billions in systems and services along these routes， which14 will help to greatly develop the whole area for the benefit of future trade and15 cultural exchange． 9動(dòng)詞不定式短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式 10過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)作后置定語(yǔ)，修飾名詞routes 11引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，對(duì)先行詞the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road進(jìn)行解釋說(shuō)明 12連接兩個(gè)并列成分cooperation和trade，在句中作賓語(yǔ) 13動(dòng)詞不定式作后置定語(yǔ)，修飾名詞years 14引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，指代前面整個(gè)主句 15連接兩個(gè)名詞短語(yǔ)future trade和cultural exchange，在句中作介詞of的賓語(yǔ)
今天，跨海越洋依舊是人們強(qiáng)烈的渴望。隨著作為“一帶一路”倡議組成部分的“21世紀(jì)海上絲綢之路”的提出，鄭和航行過(guò)的古代航道而今再度受到關(guān)注。這項(xiàng)倡議旨在鼓勵(lì)橫跨歷史悠久的絲綢之路地區(qū)的合作與貿(mào)易，同時(shí)加強(qiáng)中國(guó)與世界其他地區(qū)之間的聯(lián)系。近年來(lái)，貿(mào)易增長(zhǎng)迅猛，未來(lái)幾年也將繼續(xù)增長(zhǎng)。中國(guó)已經(jīng)在這些沿線地區(qū)的運(yùn)輸系統(tǒng)和服務(wù)上投入了數(shù)十億美元，這將促進(jìn)整個(gè)地區(qū)實(shí)現(xiàn)大發(fā)展，有利于未來(lái)的貿(mào)易和文化交流。
China has also joined its friends across the sea on other important projects． Although the ancient sea routes of Zheng He have been travelled many times， there are still many other places left to explore16． In recent years， China has joined other nations on several expeditions to explore the Arctic． From a scientific point of view， there is an urgent need to study the Arctic17 in order to understand climate change and its effects18． 16過(guò)去分詞left和動(dòng)詞不定式to explore均為后置定語(yǔ)，修飾places 17動(dòng)詞不定式短語(yǔ)作后置定語(yǔ)，修飾名詞need 18在句中作目的狀語(yǔ)
中國(guó)還與海洋彼岸的友邦一起參與了其他重要項(xiàng)目。盡管鄭和的古代海上路線已經(jīng)重走很多次了，但仍有許多其他地方有待探索。近年來(lái)，中國(guó)與其他國(guó)家一道開(kāi)展了多次北極考察。從科學(xué)角度看，迫切需要研究北極，以了解氣候變化及其影響。
Hundreds of years on， and with the latest technology in hand19， the need to trade and the desire to enhance20 relationships will drive China to reach out across the sea21 far into the future． 19 with的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)作狀語(yǔ) 20兩個(gè)動(dòng)詞不定式作后置定語(yǔ)，分別修飾前面的名詞need和desire 21動(dòng)詞不定式短語(yǔ)作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)
數(shù)百年過(guò)去了，由于擁有了最新技術(shù)，在貿(mào)易的必要性和增進(jìn)關(guān)系的愿望的驅(qū)動(dòng)下，中國(guó)將跨海越洋，邁向未來(lái)。
閱讀領(lǐng)悟
(一)課文結(jié)構(gòu)理解
(二)匹配故事主線
(D)1．Para．1 A．China will continue to explore the sea and enhance relationships with
other countries．
(F)2．Para．2 B．Zheng He's sea voyages built relations with other countries．
(B)3．Para．3 C．The 21st Century Maritime Silk Road has encouraged cooperation and strengthened the bonds between China and the rest of the world． (Today， the Belt and Road Initiative is picking up where Zheng He left off．)
(C)4．Para．4 D．Travel from east to west began long before Columbus．
(E)5．Para．5 E．China is also joining with other countries on other important projects．
(A)6．Para．6 　　　 F．In ancient times， travel east to west was on the Silk Road．
(三)問(wèn)題鏈
1．Which countries or people reached out across the sea in the past and why
They were European explorers， China， India， Ceylon， African royal families and so on． They did so for trade．
2．What benefits and problems did those countries get from doing this
They got new products from many different countries and became more aware of other cultures． In some cases， this led to invasion and conquest．
3．What effects did reaching out across the sea in the past have on the world
The land and sea routes remained active channels between different cultures for centuries．
探究一　熱詞
1．negotiate vt． 商定；達(dá)成(協(xié)議)　vi． 談判；磋商；協(xié)商(教材P26)
negotiation n． 談判，磋商，協(xié)商 negotiate (with sb) about/for sth 就某事(和某人)談判/協(xié)商 negotiate a deal/contract/settlement 達(dá)成交易/確立合同/商定解決措施 enter into/open/conduct negotiations with sb 和某人開(kāi)始/展開(kāi)/進(jìn)行談判 in negotiation with sb 與某人協(xié)商中 under negotiation 在協(xié)商中 business/contract/trade negotiation商務(wù)/合同/貿(mào)易談判
①He spent ages negotiating for a pay increase， only to resign from his job soon after he'd received it．
他花了很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間談判加薪，結(jié)果在加薪后不久就辭職了。
②With a bit of fancy footwork， she managed to negotiate a good deal．
她用了些高超的手腕，談成了一筆買賣。
③The issue is still under negotiation．
這個(gè)問(wèn)題還在商討之中。
【學(xué)會(huì)運(yùn)用】單句語(yǔ)法填空
①They did a deal on sugar after a week of negotiation (negotiate)．
②A contract is prepared in negotiation with our clients．
【學(xué)會(huì)表達(dá)】完成句子
③協(xié)議的具體細(xì)節(jié)仍在協(xié)商中。
The exact details of the agreement are still under negotiation．
2．withdraw vi．& vt． (使)撤回；撤離；取錢(教材P26)
withdrawal n． 撤走；收回；取回；取錢；退出 withdraw from 退出；撤回 withdraw to 移除；撤退到 withdraw into 退縮；退卻 withdraw into oneself 離群索居 withdraw money/cash/troops 取錢/取現(xiàn)/撤軍
①The commander in chief was given 36 hours to secure a withdrawal of his troops from the combat zone．
總司令有36個(gè)小時(shí)的時(shí)間確保他的部隊(duì)撤出戰(zhàn)區(qū)。
②Therefore， all electric buses have been forced to withdraw from operation， seriously affecting services．
因此，所有電動(dòng)公交車都被迫退出運(yùn)營(yíng)，嚴(yán)重影響了服務(wù)。
③We withdrew to the garden for a private talk．
我們退到花園里私下談話。
④Many depressed people just withdraw into themselves．
許多抑郁的人只是把自己封閉起來(lái)。
【學(xué)會(huì)運(yùn)用】單句語(yǔ)法填空
①She is very shy and always looks for a chance to withdraw into herself．
②He replied that the UN had passed two major resolutions calling for a complete withdrawal (withdraw)．
③After the Western Jin was vanquished， the Han government withdrew to the east of the Yangtze River．
【學(xué)會(huì)表達(dá)】翻譯
④他因受傷而被迫退出比賽。
He was forced to withdraw from the competition because of injury．
3．extend vt． 擴(kuò)展；使伸長(zhǎng)；延長(zhǎng)→extension n． 延伸；延期；延長(zhǎng)→extensive adj． 廣闊的；廣泛的→extensively adv． 廣闊地；廣泛地
The extensive use of technology in our daily lives has led to a significant extension of our knowledge base， which has been explored extensively through online resources．
技術(shù)在我們?nèi)粘Ｉ钪械膹V泛應(yīng)用極大地?cái)U(kuò)展了我們的知識(shí)庫(kù)，這些知識(shí)通過(guò)在線資源得到了廣泛的探索。
【學(xué)會(huì)運(yùn)用】單句語(yǔ)法填空
①He's been granted an extension (extend) of the contract for another year．
②All these issues have been extensively (extensive) researched in recent years．
【學(xué)會(huì)表達(dá)】完成句子
③宮殿及其庭院建成時(shí)比城市本身還要廣闊。
When built， the palace and its grounds were more extensive than the city itself．
4　bond
[熟義] n． 紐帶；關(guān)系　vt．& vi． 增強(qiáng)信任關(guān)系；使牢固結(jié)合 [生義] n． 債券；公債
①Family traditions and shared experiences serve as strong bonds that connect generations within a family．
家庭傳統(tǒng)和共同經(jīng)歷是連接家族幾代人的強(qiáng)大紐帶。
②The team building activities helped to bond the members of the group， enhancing their trust and collaboration．
團(tuán)建活動(dòng)有助于加強(qiáng)小組成員之間的聯(lián)系，增強(qiáng)他們的信任和協(xié)作。
③The government issued a new series of bonds to finance infrastructure projects， attracting investors seeking stable returns．
政府發(fā)行了一系列新公債來(lái)為基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施項(xiàng)目融資，吸引了尋求穩(wěn)定回報(bào)的投資者。
【學(xué)會(huì)運(yùn)用】同義詞替換
①Let's bond our efforts and our hearts in order to achieve our common goal． unite
【學(xué)會(huì)表達(dá)】翻譯
②該公司發(fā)行了高收益?zhèn)曰I集資金用于其擴(kuò)張計(jì)劃。
The company issued high yield bonds to raise capital for its expansion plans．
③旅行中的共同經(jīng)歷讓朋友們建立了深厚的友誼。
Their shared experiences during the trip created a strong bond between the friends．
探究二　短語(yǔ)
5．set sail 起航；開(kāi)航(教材P26)
set其他相關(guān)短語(yǔ)： set sail from/for ．．． 自……起航/起航去…… set free 釋放；使獲得自由 set in 開(kāi)始；到來(lái) set off 出發(fā)；引發(fā) set out (to do) 出發(fā)；開(kāi)始(做) set up 建立；開(kāi)業(yè) set about (doing) 開(kāi)始(做)；著手(做) set apart 使分離 set aside 留出；擱置 set back 阻礙；推遲 set down 寫下；記下
①Fishing boats set sail from Shipu Port in Xiangshan County， Ningbo， at the end of a fishing moratorium．
休漁期結(jié)束時(shí)，漁船從寧波象山縣石浦港起航。
②After years of unjust imprisonment， the innocent man was finally set free and reunited with his family．
經(jīng)過(guò)多年的不公正監(jiān)禁，這位無(wú)辜的男子終于重獲自由，并與家人團(tuán)聚。
③Once this environment is set up， all that's left is to wait for the stray cat to appear．
一旦建立了這個(gè)環(huán)境，剩下的就是等待流浪貓的出現(xiàn)。
④How do senior managers set about making these decisions
高級(jí)管理人員如何著手作出這些決定？
⑤The government pledged that it will set aside a special fund．
政府保證將撥出一筆特殊基金。
⑥Old Walter is setting down his memories of village life．
老沃爾特正在寫他的鄉(xiāng)村生活的回憶錄。
【學(xué)會(huì)運(yùn)用】單句語(yǔ)法填空
①It set off a chain reaction in the international money markets．
②He set out to find the truth behind the mystery．
③Fighting dogs need to be set apart in the correct way．
④The spring sowing time has set in．
【學(xué)會(huì)表達(dá)】翻譯
⑤由于天氣惡劣，建筑計(jì)劃延誤了好幾個(gè)星期。
The bad weather set back the building programme by several weeks．
⑥第二天早上，他們的船隊(duì)從南京起航了。
The next morning， their fleet set sail from Nanjing．
6．in hand 在手頭；可供使用；在掌握中(教材P27)
hand其他相關(guān)短語(yǔ)： at hand 在手邊，在附近；即將來(lái)臨 by hand 用手 give/lend sb a hand 幫某人一把 on hand 在手邊(隨時(shí)可用) on the one/other hand 一方面/另一方面 hand in hand 手拉手；聯(lián)合 green hand 生手；沒(méi)有經(jīng)驗(yàn)的人 hand over 移交；交出；讓與 hand out 分發(fā)；散發(fā) hand in 提交
①He collected some orange juice from the refrigerator and， glass in hand， strolled to the kitchen window．
他從冰箱里取了一些橙汁，然后手拿玻璃杯，溜達(dá)到廚房的窗邊。(動(dòng)作描寫)
②Can you give me a hand to lift this
你能幫我把這個(gè)抬起來(lái)嗎？
③There are experts on hand to give you all the help and advice you need．
有現(xiàn)成的專家隨時(shí)為你提供所需的一切幫助和建議。
④I saw them making their way， hand in hand， down the path．
我看到他們手牽著手沿著小路走去。
【學(xué)會(huì)運(yùn)用】單句語(yǔ)法填空
①Rice farmers here still plant and harvest their crops by hand．
②Please hand out the reading materials to the students．
③She always had a great deal of work in hand， but no one ever heard her complain．
【學(xué)會(huì)表達(dá)】完成句子
④一方面我羨慕他的才華，而另一方面我卻懷疑他的判斷力。
On the one hand， I admire his gifts， but on the other hand， I distrust his judgment．
探究三　長(zhǎng)難句分析
7．Over the centuries， further trading allowed more exploration of the regions to the west of China， as recorded in Du Huan's Record of My Travels in the eighth century．(教材P26) 幾個(gè)世紀(jì)間，隨著貿(mào)易的發(fā)展，對(duì)中國(guó)以西地區(qū)的探索增多了，這些在八世紀(jì)杜環(huán)所著的《經(jīng)行記》一書(shū)中有所記載。
【分析】　as在此處為關(guān)系代詞，引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，用來(lái)指代整個(gè)主句的內(nèi)容。 which與as引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的異同： 相同點(diǎn)：兩者都可指代主句中的部分或整個(gè)主句的內(nèi)容，在從句中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)，位于主句之后有時(shí)可互換。 不同點(diǎn) ①as引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句可以放在主句前后，也可插入主句之中；而which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句只能位于主句之后； ②which后的be動(dòng)詞不可省略；而as后的be動(dòng)詞可以省略； ③which在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，可用各類動(dòng)詞作謂語(yǔ)；而as在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)常用系動(dòng)詞，如be， seem， become等，一般不用其他行為動(dòng)詞； ④指代主句中某一個(gè)單詞時(shí)，只能用which，不能用as； ⑤“介詞＋關(guān)系代詞”中關(guān)系代詞只能用which； ⑥從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是否定形式時(shí)，常用which； ⑦關(guān)系代詞指代整個(gè)主句的內(nèi)容，從句意思可與主句相反，即從句為否定式或帶否定前綴的形容詞時(shí)，常用which。
①David， as you know， has not been well lately．
你知道，大衛(wèi)最近身體不太好。
②He started the car， which hummed smoothly．
他發(fā)動(dòng)了汽車，汽車平穩(wěn)地發(fā)出嗡嗡聲。
③She took it in the spirit in which it was intended．
她根據(jù)其精神實(shí)質(zhì)來(lái)認(rèn)識(shí)此事。
　as常意為“正如”，常用的結(jié)構(gòu)有as we know (眾所周知); as is often the case (情況常常如此); as be announced/expected/known/imagined/mentioned/reported (正如所宣布/預(yù)期/了解到/想象/提到/報(bào)道的)等。這些結(jié)構(gòu)常放于句首，偶爾也可以放于句中或句末。
【學(xué)會(huì)運(yùn)用】單句語(yǔ)法填空
①M(fèi)ike sold the old house， which made his father very angry．
②As is known to everybody， the moon travels round the earth．
③Air is a mixture of gases， of which oxygen forms 21 percent．
【學(xué)會(huì)表達(dá)】完成句子
④正如經(jīng)常發(fā)生的那樣，史蒂文森由于上學(xué)遲到被懲罰了。
Stevenson was punished for his being late for school， as often happens．
⑤這個(gè)男孩告訴他的父母，他被清華大學(xué)錄取了，這是一個(gè)謊言。
The boy told his parent he had been admitted into Tsinghua University， which was a lie．
8．The ancient sea routes travelled by Zheng He are being revisited with the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road， which is part of the Belt and Road Initiative．(教材P26) 隨著作為“一帶一路”倡議組成部分的“21世紀(jì)海上絲綢之路”的提出，鄭和航行過(guò)的古代航道而今再度受到關(guān)注。
【分析】　are being revisited 是現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，表示“一個(gè)正在進(jìn)行的被動(dòng)動(dòng)作”。 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)： 表示正在進(jìn)行或發(fā)生的被動(dòng)動(dòng)作，常與look， listen等動(dòng)詞及now， at present等時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用 表示現(xiàn)階段或目前這段時(shí)間正在進(jìn)行的被動(dòng)動(dòng)作，但這一被動(dòng)動(dòng)作在此時(shí)此刻不一定正在發(fā)生 表示按計(jì)劃、安排將要發(fā)生的被動(dòng)動(dòng)作(僅限于少數(shù)及物動(dòng)詞) 與情態(tài)動(dòng)詞連用，表示對(duì)現(xiàn)在正在發(fā)生的被動(dòng)行為的推測(cè)
①The IT department is being hived off into a new company．
信息技術(shù)部正被分離出來(lái)，成立新公司。
②The foundations of the house are being laid today．
今天正在給房子打地基。
③Hundreds of invitations are being sent out this week．
本周數(shù)百?gòu)堈?qǐng)?zhí)诎l(fā)出。
④The book is being translated into French by a team of experts．
這本書(shū)正在被一組專家翻譯成法語(yǔ)。
【學(xué)會(huì)運(yùn)用】單句語(yǔ)法填空
①At present， 7 patients are being treated (treat)， in isolation， at hospitals in the area．
②The building is being built (build); I can't stand its noise．
③The old man may be being watched (watch) over by a volunteer at the very moment．
【學(xué)會(huì)表達(dá)】完成句子
④你現(xiàn)在不允許進(jìn)入會(huì)議室，因?yàn)槟抢镎谥朴喴粋€(gè)秘密計(jì)劃。
You are not allowed to go into the meeting room now because a secret plan is being made there．
維度一　高頻詞匯
(一)寫出下列單詞和短語(yǔ)的英文
1．royal adj． 皇家的；王室的；高貴的
2．behold vt． 看；看見(jiàn)
3．tale n． 故事；敘述
4．league n． 等級(jí)；水平；聯(lián)合會(huì)；聯(lián)賽
5．extend vt． 擴(kuò)展；使伸長(zhǎng)；延長(zhǎng)
6．in hand 在手頭；可供使用
7．in a league of one's own 獨(dú)領(lǐng)風(fēng)騷
8．withdraw from 退出；撤回
9．for the benefit of 為了……的利益
10．set sail 起航；開(kāi)航
(二)寫出下列句子中加黑部分的漢語(yǔ)釋義
1．With its own fleet of trucks， the company delivers most orders overnight． 車隊(duì)
2．The spice imparts an Eastern flavour to the dish． 香料
3．I like to hop from channel to channel when I watch TV． 頻道
4．There's been a big reduction in the size of the merchant fleet in recent years． 海上貨運(yùn)的
5．There has been a close bond between them ever since she saved him from drowning． 關(guān)系
維度二　語(yǔ)境運(yùn)用
(三)根據(jù)語(yǔ)境填入恰當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容
1．Eleven million bottles of water had to be withdrawn from sale due to a health scare．
2．The gala evening was attended by royalty (royal) and politicians．
3．They begin another round of negotiations (negotiate) today．
4．We are thinking of having an extension (extend) built， as we now require an extra bedroom．
5．He didn't know the fact that the air is difficult to breathe (breathe) at high altitudes．
(四)用方框中單詞的正確形式替換下列句子中的加黑部分
remain， route， withdraw， behold， invest
1．The scenic pathway through the mountains offers breathtaking views of the valley below．route
2．Upon observing the ancient ruins， the archaeologists were amazed by their intricate details．beholding
3．Despite the rain， the children stayed outside playing， enjoying the puddles and mud．remained
4．The politician retracted his earlier statement， apologizing for any misunderstandings it may have caused．withdrew
5．The government has funded several research projects aimed at finding a cure for the disease．invested
維度三　能力提升
(五)長(zhǎng)難句分析
(2024·新課標(biāo)Ⅰ卷)This makes sense because the people who get observational biodiversity data on mobile devices are often citizen scientists recording their encounters with species in areas nearby．
句意：這是有道理的，因?yàn)樵谝苿?dòng)設(shè)備上獲得觀察生物多樣性數(shù)據(jù)的人通常是公民科學(xué)家，他們記錄了他們?cè)诟浇貐^(qū)與物種的接觸。
分析：句子主干是This makes sense，是“主謂”結(jié)構(gòu)。because引導(dǎo)原因狀語(yǔ)從句；who引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，修飾限定先行詞people；現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)recording their encounters with species作后置定語(yǔ)，修飾名詞短語(yǔ)citizen scientists。
(六)句型轉(zhuǎn)換
1．It is my dream to travel the world and experience different cultures．(改為動(dòng)詞不定式短語(yǔ)作表語(yǔ))
→My dream is to travel the world and experience different cultures．
2．We expected the team would win the game， and so they did with a convincing victory．(改為as引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句)
→As we expected， the team won the game with a convincing victory．
維度四　素養(yǎng)提升
(七)根據(jù)所給漢語(yǔ)，完成下列句子
1．The Olympic organizers say that matters are well in hand (盡在掌握中)．
2．The prime minister set up a charity to reach out to (建立一個(gè)慈善機(jī)構(gòu)來(lái)幫助) thousands of homeless people on the streets．
3．After the College Entrance Examination， we will bid farewell to each other and set sail for an unknown future (起航前往一個(gè)未知的未來(lái))．
(八)翻譯
1．一支亂扔的煙被指為引起這場(chǎng)火災(zāi)的罪魁禍?zhǔn)住?現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài))
A dropped cigarette is being blamed for the fire．
2．這些古老的地圖激發(fā)了探險(xiǎn)家們?nèi)擦稚钐帉ふ覀髡f(shuō)中的失落之城。(動(dòng)詞不定式短語(yǔ)作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ))
The ancient maps inspired explorers to search for the legendary lost city in the heart of the jungle．
課后課時(shí)作業(yè)(一)
較易題(占比30%)　中檔題(占比70%) 　拔高題(占比0%)
題號(hào) Ⅰ Ⅱ Ⅲ
難度 ★★ ★★ ★
Ⅰ　完形填空
(2024·廣東省中山市博文學(xué)校高二下月考)I'm standing on Rio's beach， one of the most famous __1__ of sand． In this lively， multicultural country， the beach is not just a place; it's a state of mind—a way of thinking and living．
Every Brazilian has his or her own ideas of the perfect beach， __2__ to tell you where to find it． I'm happy to take their advice but my ultimate goal is to find my own dream beach． First， I go to Prainha's beach __3__ by a row of perfect palm trees， moving softly in the ocean breeze． Its beauty is magnificent—its perfect graceful lines are like something in a __4__． But for me， it's somewhat too perfect． I am searching for something a bit __5__．
I continue my search heading north to a legendary beach: Jeri． As an international destination， it attracts visitors from Tokyo to Toronto． Luckily， Jeri hasn't been __6__ by tourists mostly because of its isolated (偏遠(yuǎn)的) location—at least five hours from any airport． I take a beach buggy (沙地車)， driving for three hours． The boats lie on their sides while nets __7__ to dry on lines between fishermen's houses． Peaceful and beautiful! How can it possibly get any better I __8__．
My final stop is the islands of Fernando， __9__ a few hundred kilometers out in the Atlantic． They once were used as a prison and later by the army． Today， they are a national park and UNESCO World Heritage Site， __10__ with birds and sea life． The beach there is a perfect __11__ of sand， sea， and sky． The water is pale blue and warm， alive with colorful fish， __12__， and other marine life; the sand is the color of __13__． In the rocks and strong winds that __14__ come in from the Atlantic， there is the wilderness I was seeking． Finally， I've found the beach of my dreams． I __15__ my toes into the sand deeply and imagine I can hold on to this place forever．
篇章導(dǎo)讀：本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述了作者探尋心目中最完美的海灘的歷程。
1．A．stretches B．piles
C．beds D．castles
答案：A
解析：根據(jù)前文“on Rio's beach”可知，此處表示這是最著名的一片沙灘之一。stretch意為“一片，一段”。故選A。
2．A．unwilling B．a(chǎn)mbitious
C．eager D．shy
答案：C
解析：unwilling不愿意的；ambitious有雄心壯志的；eager渴望的；shy 害羞的。根據(jù)前文“Every Brazilian has his or her own ideas of the perfect beach”以及后文“I'm happy to take their advice”可知，每個(gè)巴西人對(duì)于完美的海灘都有自己的想法，作者接受了他們的建議，說(shuō)明每個(gè)巴西人都渴望告訴你在哪里可以找到完美的海灘。故選C。
3．A．measured B．mixed
C．wrapped D．lined
答案：D
解析：measure測(cè)量；mix混合；wrap包裹；line 排列。根據(jù)后文“by a row of perfect palm trees”可知，一排排完美的棕櫚樹(shù)排列在普賴尼亞沙灘上。故選D。
4．A．postcard B．ship
C．mirror D．shell
答案：A
解析：根據(jù)前文“its perfect graceful lines”可知，它完美優(yōu)雅的線條就像明信片上的圖片。故選A。
5．A．tender B．wild
C．a(chǎn)ppealing D．familiar
答案：B
解析：tender 溫柔的；wild 天然的；野生的；appealing 吸引人的；familiar 熟悉的。根據(jù)前文“too perfect”以及后文“In the rocks ．．． I was seeking．”可知，普賴尼亞的海灘對(duì)于作者來(lái)說(shuō)太過(guò)于完美，所以作者希望尋找一些天然的海灘。故選B。
6．A．visited B．discovered
C．damaged D．a(chǎn)ccepted
答案：C
解析：visit參觀；discover發(fā)現(xiàn)；damage損壞；accept接受。根據(jù)后文“because of its isolated (偏遠(yuǎn)的) location”可知，由于杰里海灘位置偏僻，所以并沒(méi)有受到游客的破壞。故選C。
7．A．turn up B．fall off
C．break down D．hang out
答案：D
解析：turn up 出現(xiàn)；fall off掉落；break down出現(xiàn)故障；hang out晾曬；閑逛。根據(jù)后文“to dry on lines between fishermen's houses”可知，漁網(wǎng)掛在漁民房子之間的繩子上晾曬。故選D。
8．A．stop B．worry
C．complain D．wonder
答案：D
解析：stop 停止；worry擔(dān)心；complain抱怨；wonder想知道。根據(jù)前文“How can it possibly get any better？”可知，作者思索著，當(dāng)前沙灘上的景象已經(jīng)是最好的了，還能夠怎樣變得更好呢？故選D。
9．A．wandering B．lying
C．disappearing D．floating
答案：B
解析：wander徘徊；lie位于；disappear消失；float漂浮。根據(jù)后文“a few hundred kilometers out in the Atlantic”可知，該島位于幾百公里外的大西洋上。故選B。
10．A．rich B．dangerous
C．meaningful D．bored
答案：A
解析：根據(jù)后文“with birds and sea life”可知，該處有豐富的鳥(niǎo)類和海洋生物。故選A。
11．A．relation B．balance
C．exchange D．field
答案：B
解析：relation 關(guān)系；balance平衡；exchange交換；field 田地；領(lǐng)域。根據(jù)后文“The water ．．． the color of __13__．”可知，那里的海灘是沙灘、大海和天空的完美的平衡。故選B。
12．A．monkeys B．turtles
C．sharks D．pearls
答案：B
解析：根據(jù)后文“and other marine life”可知，此處表示有海龜以及其他海洋生物。故選B。
13．A．sky B．water
C．honey D．diamond
答案：C
解析：根據(jù)前文“the sand is the color”以及常識(shí)可知，沙子是蜂蜜的顏色。故選C。
14．A．eventually B．surprisingly
C．occasionally D．curiously
答案：C
解析：eventually最終；surprisingly令人驚訝地；occasionally偶爾；curiously好奇地。根據(jù)前文“strong winds”和后文“come in from the Atlantic”可知，此處指從大西洋偶爾吹來(lái)強(qiáng)風(fēng)。故選C。
15．A．dig B．warm
C．trap D．hurt
答案：A
解析：dig挖掘；warm使溫暖；trap卡??；hurt傷害。根據(jù)后文“my toes into the sand deeply”可知，作者把腳趾深深地插在沙子里。dig ．．． into ．．． 意為“把……插入……中”。故選A。
Ⅱ　閱讀
(2024·江西省贛州市高二下期中)“Earth” has always been an odd choice of name for the third planet from the Sun． After all， if an alien examines it through a telescope， he would note that two thirds of its surface is covered not by earth at all， but by oceans of water．
However， most of the oceans on Earth remain unexplored． For example， photographers are fond of pointing out that scientists have mapped nearly all the oceans' surface， but less than a quarter of the seabed． Biologists think the oceans might host more than 2 million species of animals， of which they have so far identified perhaps a tenth．
A new project may change this． Launched in London on April 27th， 2023， Ocean Census aims to discover 100，000 new species of ocean animals over the coming decade． Its first ship， Kronprins Haakon， set sail on April 29 for the Barents Sea．
The project is launched for two reasons． One is that the longer scientists wait， the less there will be to study． “Top on our agenda are species thought to be in the greatest danger from climate change，” says Oliver Steeds， founder of the project． “Otherwise， the forest is burning down and we won't know what was there before it is lost．”
The second reason is technological． Biologists find about 2，000 new species a year， a rate hardly changed since Darwin's day． Ocean Census is betting that it can go faster． Fancy cameras on remote operated vehicles， for instance， allow scientists to scan deep sea creatures such as jellyfish without removing them from their habitat． Just as the huge pressures of the deep sea are deadly for humans， taking such a jellyfish to the surface for examination may reduce it to gooey slime (黏液)．
Exactly what the new effort might turn up， of course， is impossible to predict． But history suggests it will be fruitful． Half a century ago， scientists discovered hot seabeds that were home to organisms living happily in conditions that， until then， had been thought harmful to life． These days， such hot seabeds are thought to be one possible candidate for the origin of all life on Earth．
篇章導(dǎo)讀：本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了正在實(shí)施的海洋研究項(xiàng)目“海洋普查”的必要性及有利條件。
1．What phenomenon is described in the second paragraph
A．The oceans are home to most of the animals．
B．The oceans have not been studied in depth．
C．Scientists enjoy photographing the oceans．
D．“Earth” is not a proper name for our planet．
答案：B
解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段內(nèi)容，尤其是“but less than a quarter of the seabed”和“of which they have so far identified perhaps a tenth”可知，科學(xué)家們對(duì)海洋的研究還很淺顯。故選B。
2．What does Oliver Steeds most probably mean
A．More efforts from scientists are necessary．
B．Animals in the forest should be rescued， too．
C．Climate change is endangering the forest．
D．The project should start with threatened species．
答案：D
解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段中Oliver Steeds (奧利弗·斯蒂茲)所說(shuō)的話“Top on our agenda ．．． from climate change”可知，Oliver Steeds認(rèn)為受到氣候變化威脅最大的物種應(yīng)作為該項(xiàng)目的首要任務(wù)，由此可推知，他想表達(dá)的是這個(gè)項(xiàng)目應(yīng)該從瀕危物種開(kāi)始。故選D。
3．What can we learn from the jellyfish example in Paragraph 5
A．It is mature to study the oceans now．
B．Scientists should slow down their studies．
C．It is harmful to study deep sea animals．
D．Researchers want more advanced equipment．
答案：A
解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段中的“Fancy cameras on remote operated vehicles ．．． from their habitat．”可知，通過(guò)遠(yuǎn)程操作的交通工具上的高級(jí)攝像機(jī)掃描就能夠?qū)λ傅壬詈?dòng)物進(jìn)行研究，而無(wú)需將它們從棲息地移走。由此可推知，水母的例子表明，現(xiàn)在海洋研究的技術(shù)已經(jīng)比較成熟。故選A。
4．What does the author think of Ocean Census
A．Dangerous． B．Creative．
C．Promising． D．Unnecessary．
答案：C
解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“Exactly what the new effort ．．． it will be fruitful．”可知，作者認(rèn)為這個(gè)項(xiàng)目會(huì)帶來(lái)積極的成果，由此可推知，作者認(rèn)為它是有前景的。故選C。
Ⅲ　語(yǔ)法填空
(2024·安徽省馬鞍山中加雙語(yǔ)學(xué)校高二下第二次月考)Emerging evidence in humans suggests a __1__ (typical) Western high fat， high sugar junk food diet can quickly weaken your brain's appetite control．
After offering volunteers a week long binge (大吃大喝) of waffles， milkshakes and similarly rich foods， researchers in Australia found young and healthy ones scored worse on memory tests and experienced a __2__ (great) desire to eat junk food， even when they were already full．
The findings suggest something is special in the hippocampus (海馬體)—a region of the brain __3__ supports memory and helps to regulate appetite． When we are full， the hippocampus is thought to quieten down our memories of delicious food， thereby __4__ (reduce) our appetite． When it's interrupted， __5__ control can be seriously damaged． Over the years， extensive research on __6__ (mouse) has found the function of the hippocampus is very sensitive to junk food， but recently this has been observed only in young and healthy humans．
In 2017， after a week of Western style breakfasts of __7__ (toast) sandwiches and milkshakes， researchers found participants performed worse on learning and memory tests which are typically dependent __8__ the hippocampus．
Now， in this latest study the scientists of the team __9__ (find) that not only do such high fat， high sugar diets impair memory in humans， but they appear to directly affect our ability __10__ (control) our appetite．
1．________　2．________　3．________　4．________
5．________　6．________　7．________　8．________
9．________　10．________
篇章導(dǎo)讀：本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹人們新發(fā)現(xiàn)的證據(jù)顯示典型的西方高脂肪、高糖垃圾食品飲食會(huì)迅速削弱大腦的食欲控制。
1．答案：typically
解析：考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。Western是形容詞，應(yīng)用副詞typically修飾。故填typically。
2．答案：greater
解析：考查形容詞的比較級(jí)。句意：澳大利亞的研究人員為志愿者提供了為期一周的華夫餅、奶昔和類似的油膩食物后發(fā)現(xiàn)，年輕健康的志愿者在記憶測(cè)試中得分更差，即使已經(jīng)吃飽了，他們也更渴望吃垃圾食品。根據(jù)句意及前文的worse可知，此處應(yīng)用great的比較級(jí)。故填greater。
3．答案：that/which
解析：考查定語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞。設(shè)空處引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，先行詞為the hippocampus，指物，關(guān)系詞在從句中作主語(yǔ)。故填that/which。
4．答案：reducing
解析：考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：當(dāng)我們吃飽時(shí)，海馬體被認(rèn)為可以減少我們對(duì)美食的記憶，從而降低我們的食欲。reduce與前文中所述情況為主動(dòng)關(guān)系，設(shè)空處應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在分詞作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)。故填reducing。
5．答案：the
解析：考查冠詞。根據(jù)上文可知，control是第二次提及，應(yīng)用定冠詞the表示特指。故填the。
6．答案：mice
解析：考查名詞。句意：多年來(lái)，對(duì)老鼠的廣泛研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，海馬體的功能對(duì)垃圾食品非常敏感，但最近僅在年輕和健康的人類中觀察到這種情況。mouse為可數(shù)名詞，前無(wú)限定詞修飾，設(shè)空處應(yīng)用名詞復(fù)數(shù)。故填mice。
7．答案：toasted
解析：考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。toast與sandwiches之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，應(yīng)用過(guò)去分詞。故填toasted。
8．答案：on/upon
解析：考查介詞。固定短語(yǔ)be dependent on/upon意為“依靠，依賴”。故填on/upon。
9．答案：have found
解析：考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和主謂一致。此處表示這項(xiàng)研究從過(guò)去到現(xiàn)在一直沒(méi)有中斷，而且有發(fā)現(xiàn)，對(duì)現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生了影響，應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。主語(yǔ)the scientists of the team表示復(fù)數(shù)概念，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)。故填have found。
10．答案：to control
解析：考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。the ability to do sth意為“做某事的能力”。故填to control。
　精深閱讀
(2024·廣西桂林高二下期末)Humpback whales are well known for their fascinating culture: These mysterious animals migrate thousands of miles every year， sing charming songs， leap from the water in an enormous breach， and collaborate while hunting—creating bubble nets that trap their prey． Now， researchers have shed light on another aspect of whale behavior: Playing with kelp (巨藻) they find floating in the ocean—moving it between their fins， rolling around with it， and， most interestingly， wearing it atop their heads like a hat．
This behavior—called kelping—has been described in a new study as a “global phenomenon”． There's no doubt kelping looks fun． But could it have another purpose Olaf Meynecke， research fellow at Griffith University and co author of the study， thinks so—especially considering that whales can keep it up for 30 to 40 minutes．
What's particularly intriguing about kelping is the way that humpbacks from different populations—in both the Northern and Southern Hemispheres—all prefer to wear seaweed on the top of their heads， says Meynecke． They place kelp on their forehead in over half the recorded instances． Baleen species are believed to like having their heads scratched—gray whales are known for approaching whale watching boats for a tickle on the nose． Because whales don't have hands to scratch themselves， like we do， Meynecke suggests “they might seek out other tactile sensations that just feel good”．
Whales might also be treating kelp like a cleansing face mask， as seaweed has antimicrobial qualities that can reduce levels of bacteria． Rubbing kelp across their bodies may also remove parasites (寄生物) and shed bacterial and viral growths to prevent them getting completely overgrown with sea lice (虱) and skin infections， says Meynecke．
The study has caught the attention of researchers globally， and Meynecke's mailbox has been flooded with people who have also seen kelping． “Someone from Tahiti was like， ‘We see it all the time，’” he says． Now the phenomenon has been highlighted globally， which could lead to further research into the behavior， its benefits， and even if other species do it．
篇章導(dǎo)讀：本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了關(guān)于座頭鯨與巨藻互動(dòng)的研究。
1．What can we learn about humpback whales
A．They migrate alone every year．
B．They are naughty and good at sports．
C．They have an ear for music．
D．They cooperate closely while hunting．
答案：D
解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的“Humpback whales are well known for ．．． that trap their prey．”可知，座頭鯨在捕獵時(shí)會(huì)合作制造氣泡網(wǎng)來(lái)捕獲獵物。故選D。
2．What does the underlined word “intriguing” in Paragraph 3 mean
A．Dangerous． B．Fascinating．
C．Optimistic． D．Worthwhile．
答案：B
解析：詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)畫線詞所在句中的“What's particularly ．．． on the top of their heads”可知，南北半球不同種群的座頭鯨都喜歡把巨藻戴在頭頂，這一現(xiàn)象是令人感興趣的。由此可知，畫線詞意為“吸引人的，令人感興趣的”，與fascinating同義。故選B。
3．What function does seaweed possess according to Paragraph 4
A．Resisting bacteria． B．Removing dirt from the skin．
C．Enhancing immune system． D．Preventing the growth of parasites．
答案：A
解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中的“Whales might also be treating ．．． reduce levels of bacteria．”可知，巨藻具有抗菌特性，能夠減少細(xì)菌數(shù)量。故選A。
4．What might be talked about next in the article
A．Explore the benefit of kelping．
B．Analyze the harm of kelp to whales．
C．Research into other species' behavior．
D．Advocate for the protection of marine animals．
答案：A
解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“Now the phenomenon ．．． other species do it．”可知，這種現(xiàn)象在全球范圍內(nèi)引起了注意，這可能會(huì)促使人們進(jìn)一步研究這種行為及其益處，由此可推知，接下來(lái)文章可能會(huì)討論探索座頭鯨與巨藻互動(dòng)這一行為的好處。故選A。
精深閱讀——好詞句小練
(一)熱詞
1．migrate v． (隨季節(jié)變化)遷徙；遷移
2．collaborate vi． 合作；協(xié)作
3．a(chǎn)spect n． 方面；層面
4．scratch v． 撓(癢處)；抓破，抓傷
5．remove vt． 去除；移開(kāi)；脫去
(二)高頻短語(yǔ)
6．shed light on 闡明，解釋
7．seek out 追尋到；找到
8．catch the attention of 引起……的注意
9．be flooded with 充滿；被淹沒(méi)
10．lead to 導(dǎo)致；通向
(三)根據(jù)語(yǔ)境填入恰當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容
1．Scientists are studying various natural phenomena (phenomenon) to better understand the world around us．
2．The growth (grow) of technology has significantly impacted the way we live and work．
3．Climate change is a globally (global) pressing issue that requires the cooperation of all nations to address effectively．
(四)寫出下列句子中黑體部分的漢語(yǔ)釋義
4．The garden was left unattended for too long， resulting in an overgrown mess of weeds and tangled vines．蔓生的
5．She co authored a successful book on sustainable living practices， which gained widespread popularity among environmentally conscious readers．合著
6．The report highlights the major problems facing society today．突出；強(qiáng)調(diào)；使注意
(五)用方框中單詞的正確形式替換下列句子中的黑體部分
purpose， leap， fascinate
1．The ancient ruins of the city were incredibly captivating， drawing visitors from all over the world．fascinating
2．Her intention was clear from the outset; she had a definite aim in mind for her project．purpose
3．The athlete made a sudden jump， soaring over the bar in a breathtaking display of skill．leap
(六)長(zhǎng)難句分析
Now， researchers have shed light on another aspect of whale behavior: Playing with kelp (巨藻) they find floating in the ocean—moving it between their fins， rolling around with it， and， most interestingly， wearing it atop their heads like a hat．
句意：現(xiàn)在，研究者已經(jīng)揭示了鯨魚(yú)行為的另一個(gè)方面，即它們會(huì)與它們發(fā)現(xiàn)的漂浮在海中的巨藻玩耍——在它們的鰭之間舞動(dòng)巨藻、圍著巨藻翻滾，最有趣的是，將巨藻像帽子一樣戴在頭上。
分析：主干是researchers have shed ．．． whale behavior；現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)Playing ．．． like a hat為another aspect of whale behavior的同位語(yǔ)；they find floating in the ocean是定語(yǔ)從句，修飾kelp。
(七)根據(jù)所給漢語(yǔ)，完成下列句子
1．Nothing would prevent him from speaking out (阻止他說(shuō)出) against injustice．
2．Humans are believed to (被認(rèn)為) be tied to nature．
(八)仿寫句子
These mysterious animals migrate thousands of miles every year， sing charming songs， leap from the water in an enormous breach， and collaborate while hunting—creating bubble nets that trap their prey．(狀語(yǔ)從句的省略)
仿寫：這臺(tái)舊機(jī)器在使用前必須檢查一下。
The old machine must be checked before being used．
課后課時(shí)作業(yè)(二)
較易題(占比30%)　中檔題(占比40%)　拔高題(占比30%)
題號(hào) Ⅰ Ⅱ
A B
難度 ★ ★★ ★★★
Ⅰ　閱讀
A
(2024·廣東省廣州市天河外國(guó)語(yǔ)學(xué)校高二下月考)Are you looking for a place to spend a holiday Here are two great beaches for you to consider．
Yasawa Island Beach， Fiji
The Yasawa Islands are popular for unspoiled (未經(jīng)破壞的) beaches and clear bluegreen waters． Many mountains stand nearby as well． They offer people a much needed break from their busy lives． With natural beauty and a lot of sunshine， the islands have become a perfect place to relax． Popular with backpackers， the South Pacific islands also offer many activities such as sailing， visiting local villages and enjoying an evening on the beach with campfires and barbecues． In particular， the Yasawa Island Beach is an affordable relaxing place for tourists．
Eagle Beach， Aruba
Even if you are not one of many American students taking a break from the stresses of college life， you have probably heard people talk about the island—how it offers wild adventures and relaxing activities． No one can say “no” to its Caribbean charm (魅力)． In particular， if you have been to Eagle Beach， you will never regret the trip to Aruba． Like an eagle that spreads its wings widely， the beach is known for its long coastline． The Eagle Beach is also known for its soft white sands and clear waters． However， what you can see is not just a wide view of sand and sea． If you're lucky， you can observe sea turtle hatchlings (幼崽) as they make their way to the ocean．
篇章導(dǎo)讀：本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹了兩處適合度假的海灘。
1．What are the Yasawa Islands popular for
A．Beaches and waters．
B．Campfires and barbecues．
C．Warm weather all the year round．
D．Different kinds of exciting activities．
答案：A
解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Yasawa Island Beach， Fiji部分中的“The Yasawa Islands are popular for unspoiled (未經(jīng)破壞的) beaches and clear bluegreen waters．”可知，Yasawa群島因海灘和水域而受歡迎。故選A。
2．What can be inferred about the Aruba Island
A．People often talk about the island．
B．The island's charm is widely known．
C．American students often go to the island．
D．The wild adventures are attractive to the locals．
答案：B
解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)Eagle Beach， Aruba部分中的“Even if you are not ．．． its Caribbean charm (魅力)．”可推知，Aruba Island的魅力廣為人知。故選B。
3．The Eagle Beach is most probably a popular place for ．
A．people to hold parties B．sea turtles to lay eggs
C．birds to look for food D．eagles to have a rest
答案：B
解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)Eagle Beach， Aruba部分中的“If you're lucky， you can observe sea turtle hatchlings (幼崽) as they make their way to the ocean．”可推知，Eagle Beach很可能是海龜喜歡產(chǎn)卵的地方。故選B。
B
(2024·山東省棗莊市滕州市高二下期中)Polar bears normally need sea ice to hunt seals， but an isolated group of polar bears living on the mountainous coast of southeast Greenland have figured out how to make a living， even though the sea ice there melts away early in the year．
These bears have found a way to supplement their limited sea ice supply by hunting on freshwater ice that comes from glaciers on land． The glacial ice falls off in pieces into fjords， where the pieces get together into a floating platform that the polar bears use to catch seals， according to a report in the journal Science．
Climate change is making sea ice more and more scarce． Loss of sea ice is “the primary threat to polar bears，” says Kristin Laidre of the University of Washington， lead author of the new study． But， she says， this new work suggests some bears might be able to cope with a decreased amount of sea ice—at least for a while—in places like Greenland where they can take advantage of floating glacier ice．
While local people have long known that bears live in southeast Greenland， it's a remote， challenging environment that's not frequented by humans． “It's a coastline with huge mountain peaks， lots of winds， extreme conditions and plenty of fogs，” says Laidre， who has spent years working with colleagues to survey polar bears living on Greenland's 1，800 mile long east coast．
To see what they could find in southeast Greenland， the team had to take helicopters from the nearest settlement and fly for two hours in a straight line to the coast． “We arrived in these fjords， very isolated fjords， and there's essentially no sea ice or very poor sea ice offshore，” says Laidre， explaining that the researchers expected to find few bears．
“But there were a lot of bears in these fjords，” she says． “It was clearly just a unique habitat．”
The sea ice persisted in these fjords for only around a hundred days a year， she notes， meaning that bears don't have much time to use it as a hunting ground．
篇章導(dǎo)讀：本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章介紹了由于氣候變化導(dǎo)致海冰減少，生活在格陵蘭島東南部的一群北極熊找到了一種新的狩獵方式：利用從陸地冰川落入峽灣的淡水冰來(lái)捕捉海豹。
4．What does the underlined word “supplement” in Paragraph 2 mean
A．Keep up with． B．Look forward to．
C．Look down on． D．Make up for．
答案：D
解析：詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第二段中畫線詞所在句“These bears have found ．．． glaciers on land．”可知，北極熊通過(guò)在來(lái)自陸地冰川的淡水冰上狩獵來(lái)補(bǔ)充其有限的海冰供應(yīng)。由此可知，supplement 意為“補(bǔ)充”，與 make up for 意思相近。故選D。
5．What will happen to pieces of glacial ice after falling off
A．They will form various fjords．
B．They will exist in fjords for only two hundred years．
C．They will gather to be a platform for polar bears to hunt．
D．They will float into cold places and never disappear．
答案：C
解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“The glacial ice falls off ．．． the polar bears use to catch seals”可知，冰川冰破碎成碎片落入峽灣，這些碎片聚集在一起形成一個(gè)浮動(dòng)平臺(tái)，北極熊用它來(lái)捕捉海豹。故選C。
6．What is the environment like in southeast Greenland
A．Severe． B．Crowded．
C．Pleasant． D．Windless．
答案：A
解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段內(nèi)容可知，格陵蘭島東南部是一個(gè)遙遠(yuǎn)、充滿挑戰(zhàn)的環(huán)境，那里有巨大的山峰、狂風(fēng)、極端天氣和大量的霧。由此可推知，格陵蘭島東南部的環(huán)境很惡劣。故選A。
7．What is the text mainly about
A．Polar bears are on the edge of dying out．
B．Polar bears have another way to hunt with little sea ice．
C．Polar bears no longer need sea ice to hunt seals．
D．Polar bears can replace sea water with fresh water．
答案：B
解析：主旨大意題。通讀全文可知，文章主要介紹了北極熊在海冰減少的情況下，如何利用陸地冰川落入峽灣的淡水冰來(lái)捕獵。故選B。
Ⅱ　讀后續(xù)寫
閱讀下面材料，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容和所給段落開(kāi)頭語(yǔ)續(xù)寫兩段，使之構(gòu)成一篇完整的短文。
(2024·江蘇省連云港市東海、灌云和灌南三校高二下聯(lián)考)When Mary entered the south Pole Penguin Research Lab， she saw her friend Tom gently stroking (輕撫) a penguin in his arms． As children of the lab scientists， Mary and Tom often observed the emperor penguins that were studied to understand how they adapted to extreme temperatures—insights that could aid human survival．
“We're thirteen， Tom． It's time to grow up and stop playing with the lab penguins，” said Mary as she started cleaning． “They're research animals， not pets．”
“But the birds listen to me！” insisted Tom， his breath forming a cloud in the freezing air． “You're just trying to be a penguin whisperer again，” Mary replied， shaking her head with a gentle smile． The penguins seemed playful as they walked， dove， swam and chased their live fish for sport before eating．
Suddenly， an alarm rang out and red lights flashed， signaling a problem． The kids rushed over to look into it． “It's colder than before—there's ice forming on the water，” noted Tom． Though always cold， Mary had never seen ice here before． She checked the habitat monitor and found that the temperature had gone down a lot． “The heater must be broken！”
Mary quickly sent a message to their parents' research team， who were conducting outdoor studies． With the adults away， the kids would have to deal with the freezing conditions until help arrived．
Time dragged as Mary and Tom anxiously waited． The increasing cold caused them to shake． “I wonder what emperor penguins do in extreme cold， since they stay in the Pole all winter instead of going somewhere warmer，” asked Mary． “They huddle (擠作一團(tuán))，” Tom answered． “They huddle together tightly so that the birds in the middle will be warm enough．” “What about the ones on the edge？” Mary asked． “They push their way towards the center， and then move back out to the edge， and struggle back again． Scientists in the early 21st century recorded it．” He replied as he stared at the large crowd of the penguins in the lab．
注意：
1．續(xù)寫詞數(shù)應(yīng)為150個(gè)左右；
2．請(qǐng)按如下格式在相應(yīng)位置作答。
“I have an idea to stay warm！” Tom shouted excitedly．　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 Two and a half hours later， the parents returned with help．　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
寫前導(dǎo)讀：本文是一篇記敘文。Mary (瑪麗)和Tom (湯姆)是科學(xué)家的孩子，他們經(jīng)常和實(shí)驗(yàn)室的企鵝待在一起。一天孩子們發(fā)現(xiàn)供暖系統(tǒng)出現(xiàn)故障，而大人們都外出做研究了，他們做了些什么保護(hù)措施？大人們急匆匆趕回來(lái)時(shí)，孩子們和帝企鵝們?cè)趺礃樱?br/>[精彩范文]
“I have an idea to stay warm！” Tom shouted excitedly． Spreading his arms， he suggested joining the penguin huddles． Worried that the penguins wouldn't let them， Mary hesitated but was soon persuaded by Tom's assuring grin． He slowly approached the crowded penguins， crouching down． Gently stroking them with care， he whispered softly． Though startled at first， the penguins recognized Tom and let him into their group． Mary quickly followed． The children squeezed into the huddle's edge with the penguins． Just as the birds did， they moved toward the middle and back out as the group shifted．
Two and a half hours later， the parents returned with help． Rushing in calling for the kids， they were surprised． The children were safely surrounded by Emperors in a large bundle． When asked how they stayed warm， the kids looked at each other proudly． “We used what the Emperor Penguins do，” they told their parents． Mary patted Tom's shoulder with admiration， calling him a penguin whisperer． With a big smile， Tom gave credit to the penguins who taught them a lot． Their teamwork had seen them through the difficult cold with the penguins' aid．
　精深閱讀
(2024·安徽省蚌埠鐵路中學(xué)高二下月考)The ocean is a huge body of saltwater that covers about 71 percent of Earth's surface． An estimated 97 percent of the world's water is found in the ocean． Because of this， the ocean has a considerable impact on weather， temperature， and the food supply of humans and other organisms． Despite its size and impact on the lives of every organism on Earth， the ocean remains a mystery． More than 80 percent of the ocean has never been mapped， explored， or even seen by humans． A far greater percentage of the surfaces of the moon and the planet Mars have been mapped and studied than that of our own ocean floor．
Although there is much more to learn， oceanographers (海洋學(xué)家) have already made some amazing discoveries． For example， we know that the ocean contains towering mountain ranges and deep canyons， known as trenches (海溝)， just like those on land． The peak of the world's tallest mountain—Mount Everest in the Himalayas， measuring 8．84 kilometers (5．49 miles) high—would not even break the surface of the water if it was placed in the Pacific Ocean's Mariana Trench or Philippine Trench， two of the deepest parts of the ocean． On the other hand， the Atlantic Ocean is relatively shallow because large parts of its seafloor are made up of continental shelves—parts of the continents that extend far out into the ocean． The average depth of the entire ocean is 3，720 meters (12，200 feet)．
It is unknown how many different species call the ocean their home． It could be that more than 90 percent of the ocean's species are still undiscovered， with some scientists estimating that there are anywhere between a few hundred thousand and a few million more to be discovered． Currently， scientists know of around 226，000 ocean species． Since the ocean is so vast， there is plenty for future oceanographers from all corners of the globe to explore and discover．
篇章導(dǎo)讀：本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了人類對(duì)海洋知之甚少，海洋的眾多奧秘仍需要科學(xué)家去探究。
1．Why does the author mention the research on the moon and Mars in Paragraph 1
A．To emphasize the wide impact of the ocean．
B．To show how scientists do space exploration．
C．To prove people's deep fascination with space．
D．To stress how little humans know about the ocean．
答案：D
解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中的“More than 80 percent ．．． than that of our own ocean floor．(超過(guò)80%的海洋從未被人類測(cè)繪和探索過(guò)，甚至從未被人類看到過(guò)。對(duì)月球和火星表面進(jìn)行測(cè)繪和研究的比例遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)高于我們自己的海底。)”可推知，作者在第一段提到對(duì)月球和火星的探索，是為了突出人類對(duì)海洋知之甚少。故選D。
2．What does Paragraph 2 mainly talk about
A．Physical features of the seafloor．
B．Scientists' discoveries about the ocean．
C．Varieties of landforms on the Earth．
D．Similarities between the land and sea．
答案：B
解析：段落大意題。根據(jù)第二段內(nèi)容可知，海洋學(xué)家已經(jīng)發(fā)現(xiàn)海洋也有高聳的山脈和被稱為海溝的峽谷。大西洋海底的大部分由大陸架組成。整個(gè)海洋的平均深度為3，720米。由此可知，本段主要介紹了海洋學(xué)家關(guān)于海洋的發(fā)現(xiàn)。故選B。
3．What can we know from the last paragraph
A．Ocean exploration has great potential．
B．The number of ocean species is declining．
C．Ocean pollution has become more serious．
D．Oceanographers need to do more to protect the ocean．
答案：A
解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“Since the ocean is so vast ．．． to explore and discover．(由于海洋如此廣闊，未來(lái)來(lái)自世界各地的海洋學(xué)家有很多東西可以探索和發(fā)現(xiàn)。)”可推知，海洋勘探具有巨大的潛力。故選A。
4．Which is the best title for the text
A．A Big Discovery in the Deep Sea
B．The Ocean: A Mystery to Mankind
C．A Challenging Exploration of the Sea
D．The Ocean: A Vast Home to Sea Animals
答案：B
解析：標(biāo)題判斷題。通讀全文可知，本文主要介紹了人類對(duì)海洋知之甚少，海洋的眾多奧秘仍需要海洋學(xué)家去探索研究，B項(xiàng)(海洋：對(duì)人類而言是個(gè)謎)最適合作為文章標(biāo)題。故選B。
精深閱讀——好詞句小練
(一)熱詞
1．estimate vt． 估計(jì)；估算；估價(jià)
2．considerable adj． 相當(dāng)大的；相當(dāng)重要的
3．map vt． 繪制……的地圖　n． 地圖
4．shallow adj． 淺的，不深的
5．depth n． 深度；向下(或向里)距離
(二)高頻短語(yǔ)
6．have an impact on 對(duì)……有影響
7．more than 超過(guò)；非常
8．(be) known as 被稱為
9．on the other hand 另一方面；相反地
10．extend out 向外延伸
(三)根據(jù)語(yǔ)境填入恰當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容
1．He sees no signs of improvement in the UK and continental (continent) economy．
2．My mother was an amazing (amaze) woman and she raised four of us kids all by herself．
3．The smaller lake ranges from five to fourteen feet in depth (deep)．
(四)寫出下列句子中黑體部分的漢語(yǔ)釋義
4．Many of these species have vanished or are facing extinction．物種
5．A vast crowd turned out to watch the procession．巨大的；龐大的
6．The oil well extended several hundreds of feet deep．延伸
(五)用方框中單詞的正確形式替換下列句子中的黑體部分
entire， estimate， contain
1．It is difficult to measure the success of the campaign at this stage．estimate
2．The first two floors of the building possess retail space and a restaurant．contain
3．I have never heard such nonsense in my whole life！entire
(六)長(zhǎng)難句分析
It could be that more than 90 percent of the ocean's species are still undiscovered， with some scientists estimating that there are anywhere between a few hundred thousand and a few million more to be discovered．
句意：可能有超過(guò)90%的海洋物種仍未被發(fā)現(xiàn)，一些科學(xué)家估計(jì)，還有幾十萬(wàn)到幾百萬(wàn)種海洋物種有待發(fā)現(xiàn)。
分析：主干是It could be that ．．．；第一個(gè)that引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句；第二個(gè)that引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句，作estimating的賓語(yǔ)。
(七)根據(jù)所給漢語(yǔ)，完成下列句子
1．There is little doubt that man has had an impact on the Earth's climate (已經(jīng)對(duì)地球氣候有影響)．
2．An approach known as systems thinking (被稱為系統(tǒng)思維) is now seen as essential in meeting global challenges．
(八)仿寫句子
It is unknown how many different species call the ocean their home．(主語(yǔ)從句)
仿寫：她是否能得到這份工作還值得懷疑。
It is doubtful whether she will get this job．
6(共152張PPT)
WELCOME UNIT
UNIT 3　 SEA EXPLORATION
單元主題：人與自然——海洋探索
Section Ⅰ　Reading and Thinking
預(yù)習(xí)檢測(cè) 詞匯打卡
自主學(xué)習(xí) 課文語(yǔ)篇
目錄
CONTENTS
1
2
合作探究 課時(shí)重點(diǎn)
3
對(duì)點(diǎn)練習(xí) 鞏固所學(xué)
4
課后課時(shí)作業(yè)（一）
5
課后課時(shí)作業(yè)（二）
6
預(yù)習(xí)檢測(cè) 詞匯打卡
一、閱讀單詞：寫出漢語(yǔ)含義
1．tale n．__________________
2．merchant n． ______________　adj．_____________
3．fleet n．___________________
4．spice n．_____________
5．maritime adj．_______________________
故事；敘述
商人；批發(fā)商
海上貨運(yùn)的
艦隊(duì)；機(jī)群；車隊(duì)
(調(diào)味)香料
海的；海運(yùn)的；海事的
二、核心單詞：寫出英文單詞
1．__________ vt． 商定；達(dá)成(協(xié)議)　vi． 談判；磋商；協(xié)商
2．_________ vt． 看；看見(jiàn)
3．_______ n． 等級(jí)；水平；聯(lián)合會(huì)；聯(lián)賽
4．__________ vi．& vt． (使)撤回；撤離
5．________ n． 航道；海峽；頻道
negotiate
behold
league
withdraw
channel
三、拓展單詞：寫出下列單詞的詞性轉(zhuǎn)換(可查字典)
1．extend vt． 擴(kuò)展；使伸長(zhǎng)；延長(zhǎng)→__________ n． 延伸；延期；延長(zhǎng)→___________ adj． 廣闊的；廣泛的→____________ adv． 廣闊地；廣泛地
2．royal adj． 皇家的；王室的；高貴的→_________ adv． 莊嚴(yán)地；高貴地→__________ n． 王室；王室成員
extension
extensive
extensively
royally
royalty
四、熟詞生義：寫出熟義
bond 熟義：n．_________________
vt．& vi．__________________________
生義：n． 債券；公債
五、核心短語(yǔ)：寫出英語(yǔ)表達(dá)
1．________ 起航；開(kāi)航
2．______________________ 獨(dú)領(lǐng)風(fēng)騷
3．______________ 退出；撤回
4．_________在手頭；可供使用
紐帶；關(guān)系
增強(qiáng)信任關(guān)系；使牢固結(jié)合
set sail
in a league of one's own
withdraw from
in hand
自主學(xué)習(xí)　課文語(yǔ)篇
Trade and curiosity have often formed the foundation of mankind's greatest achievements． To complete the great map of the world1 was a strong passion for the people of early civilisations． Marco Polo's tales inspired European explorers to search for sea routes from west to east． However， merchants and explorers from the East set sail from east to west many years before Columbus first did2．
課文三維剖析
1動(dòng)詞不定式短語(yǔ)作____，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式
2___________從句，動(dòng)詞did代替前面的動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)__________
主語(yǔ)
REACHING OUT ACROSS THE SEA
跨越海洋
時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)
set sail
貿(mào)易和好奇心通常構(gòu)成人類最偉大成就的基礎(chǔ)。在早期文明中，人們對(duì)繪制世界大地圖充滿激情。馬可·波羅的故事激勵(lì)了歐洲探險(xiǎn)家尋找自西向東的海上航線。然而，在哥倫布首次啟航之前許多年，東方的商人和探險(xiǎn)家就已經(jīng)開(kāi)始自東向西航行。
3引導(dǎo)_____從句，此從句相當(dāng)于the road which became known as the Silk Road
4動(dòng)詞不定式短語(yǔ)作_______
5引導(dǎo)______________從句，指代前面整個(gè)主句
6引導(dǎo)______________從句，先行詞為前面的主句所表達(dá)的內(nèi)容
In ancient times， silk from China found its way overland to India， the Middle East， and Rome， along what3 became known as the Silk Road． A trading route across the sea was also extended along the coasts of the Indian Ocean， centred around Ceylon (now Sri Lanka)． Here， merchants from China and many other places met to negotiate trade deals4， which5 also led to more awareness of each other’s cultures． Over the centuries， further trading allowed more exploration of the regions to the west of China， as6 recorded in Du Huan’s Record of My Travels in the eighth century．
賓語(yǔ)
目的狀語(yǔ)
非限制性定語(yǔ)
非限制性定語(yǔ)
在古代，中國(guó)絲綢經(jīng)由一條陸路運(yùn)到印度、中東和羅馬，這條路就是有名的“絲綢之路”。以錫蘭(今斯里蘭卡)為中心的一條橫跨海洋的貿(mào)易路線沿印度洋海岸延伸。在這里，來(lái)自中國(guó)和其他許多地方的商人匯聚一起，洽談貿(mào)易協(xié)議，這也增進(jìn)了對(duì)彼此文化的認(rèn)識(shí)。幾個(gè)世紀(jì)間，隨著貿(mào)易的發(fā)展，對(duì)中國(guó)以西地區(qū)的探索增多了，這些在八世紀(jì)杜環(huán)所著的《經(jīng)行記》一書(shū)中有所記載。
7連接兩個(gè)介詞短語(yǔ)to the mouth of the Red Sea和to the east coast of Africa，在句中作_________
Later， the Ming Dynasty further developed relations with these regions． Between 1405 and 1433， seven large fleets sailed west on voyages of trade and exploration． These fleets were a sight to behold and were in a league of their own at that time． Under the command of Zheng He， they set sail from the South China Sea across the Indian Ocean to the mouth of the Red Sea， and7 then to the
地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)
8引導(dǎo)_________從句，可以和______________互換
east coast of Africa． African royal families sent gifts such as giraffes as gestures of friendship in return for gold， silk， and spices． Although8 China withdrew from further expeditions after 1433， these land and sea routes remained active channels between other cultures for centuries．
讓步狀語(yǔ)
Though/While
后來(lái)，明朝進(jìn)一步發(fā)展了與這些地區(qū)的關(guān)系。1405年至1433年間，七支大型船隊(duì)西渡重洋，開(kāi)展貿(mào)易和探索。這些船隊(duì)在當(dāng)時(shí)蔚為壯觀，獨(dú)領(lǐng)風(fēng)騷。在鄭和的指揮下，船隊(duì)從中國(guó)南海起航，穿越印度洋，直抵紅?？?，然后前往非洲東海岸。非洲王室贈(zèng)送長(zhǎng)頸鹿等禮物以示友好，同時(shí)也是作為他們獲得黃金、絲綢和香料的回贈(zèng)。盡管1433年后中國(guó)停止了進(jìn)一步的探索，但在隨后的幾個(gè)世紀(jì)，這些陸地和海洋路線仍是與其他文化之間的活躍通道。
9動(dòng)詞不定式短語(yǔ)作_____，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式
10過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)作________，修飾名詞routes
11引導(dǎo)______________從句，對(duì)先行詞_____________________
_________進(jìn)行解釋說(shuō)明
12連接兩個(gè)并列成分cooperation和trade，在句中作_______
To reach out across the sea9 remains a strong desire today． The ancient sea routes travelled by Zheng He10 are being revisited with the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road， which11 is part of the Belt and Road Initiative． The aim of this initiative is to encourage cooperation and12 trade across the historic Silk Road areas， and strengthen the bonds between China and the rest of the world． Trading has grown
主語(yǔ)
后置定語(yǔ)
非限制性定語(yǔ)
the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road
賓語(yǔ)
13動(dòng)詞不定式作_________，修飾名詞______
14引導(dǎo)_____________從句，指代前面整個(gè)主句
15連接兩個(gè)名詞短語(yǔ)future trade和cultural exchange，在句中作介詞of的_______
greatly in recent years，and will continue to do so in years to come13． China has invested billions in systems and services along these routes， which14 will help to greatly develop the whole area for the benefit of future trade and15 cultural exchange．
后置定語(yǔ)
years
非限制性定語(yǔ)
賓語(yǔ)
今天，跨海越洋依舊是人們強(qiáng)烈的渴望。隨著作為“一帶一路”倡議組成部分的“21世紀(jì)海上絲綢之路”的提出，鄭和航行過(guò)的古代航道而今再度受到關(guān)注。這項(xiàng)倡議旨在鼓勵(lì)橫跨歷史悠久的絲綢之路地區(qū)的合作與貿(mào)易，同時(shí)加強(qiáng)中國(guó)與世界其他地區(qū)之間的聯(lián)系。近年來(lái)，貿(mào)易增長(zhǎng)迅猛，未來(lái)幾年也將繼續(xù)增長(zhǎng)。中國(guó)已經(jīng)在這些沿線地區(qū)的運(yùn)輸系統(tǒng)和服務(wù)上投入了數(shù)十億美元，這將促進(jìn)整個(gè)地區(qū)實(shí)現(xiàn)大發(fā)展，有利于未來(lái)的貿(mào)易和文化交流。
16過(guò)去分詞left和動(dòng)詞不定式to explore均為_(kāi)__________，修飾places
17動(dòng)詞不定式短語(yǔ)作_______
_____，修飾名詞need
18在句中作__________
China has also joined its friends across the sea on other important projects． Although the ancient sea routes of Zheng He have been travelled many times， there are still many other places left to explore16． In recent years， China has joined other nations on several expeditions to explore the Arctic． From a scientific point of view， there is an urgent need to study the Arctic17 in order to understand climate change and its effects18．
后置定語(yǔ)
后置定語(yǔ)
目的狀語(yǔ)
中國(guó)還與海洋彼岸的友邦一起參與了其他重要項(xiàng)目。盡管鄭和的古代海上路線已經(jīng)重走很多次了，但仍有許多其他地方有待探索。近年來(lái)，中國(guó)與其他國(guó)家一道開(kāi)展了多次北極考察。從科學(xué)角度看，迫切需要研究北極，以了解氣候變化及其影響。
19 with的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)作______
20兩個(gè)動(dòng)詞不定式作______
______，分別修飾前面的名詞_______和______
21動(dòng)詞不定式短語(yǔ)作_________
________
Hundreds of years on， and with the latest technology in hand19， the need to trade and the desire to enhance20 relationships will drive China to reach out across the sea21 far into the future．
數(shù)百年過(guò)去了，由于擁有了最新技術(shù)，在貿(mào)易的必要性和增進(jìn)關(guān)系的愿望的驅(qū)動(dòng)下，中國(guó)將跨海越洋，邁向未來(lái)。
狀語(yǔ)
后置定語(yǔ)
need
desire
賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)
(一)課文結(jié)構(gòu)理解
閱讀領(lǐng)悟
achievements
ancient
voyages
Belt and Road
future
(二)匹配故事主線
(____)1．Para．1 A．China will continue to explore the sea and enhance
relationships with other countries．
(____)2．Para．2 B．Zheng He's sea voyages built relations with other
countries．
(____)3．Para．3 C．The 21st Century Maritime Silk Road has encouraged
cooperation and strengthened the bonds between China
and the rest of the world． (Today， the Belt and Road
Initiative is picking up where Zheng He left off．)
D
F
B
(____)4．Para．4 D．Travel from east to west began long before Columbus．
(____)5．Para．5 E．China is also joining with other countries on other
important projects．
(____)6．Para．6 　　F．In ancient times， travel east to west was on the Silk
Road．
C
E
A
(三)問(wèn)題鏈
1．Which countries or people reached out across the sea in the past and why
________________________________________________________________________________________________
2．What benefits and problems did those countries get from doing this
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
3．What effects did reaching out across the sea in the past have on the world
________________________________________________________________________________________________
They were European explorers， China， India， Ceylon， African royal families and so on． They did so for trade．
They got new products from many different countries and became more aware of other cultures． In some cases， this led to invasion and conquest．
The land and sea routes remained active channels between different cultures for centuries．
合作探究 課時(shí)重點(diǎn)
探究一　熱詞
1．negotiate vt． 商定；達(dá)成(協(xié)議)　vi． 談判；磋商；協(xié)商(教材P26)
negotiation n． 談判，磋商，協(xié)商
negotiate (with sb) about/for sth 就某事(和某人)談判/協(xié)商
negotiate a deal/contract/settlement 達(dá)成交易/確立合同/商定解決措施
enter into/open/conduct negotiations with sb 和某人開(kāi)始/展開(kāi)/進(jìn)行談判
in negotiation with sb 與某人協(xié)商中
under negotiation 在協(xié)商中
business/contract/trade negotiation商務(wù)/合同/貿(mào)易談判
①He spent ages negotiating for a pay increase， only to resign from his job soon after he'd received it．
他花了很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間談判加薪，結(jié)果在加薪后不久就辭職了。
②With a bit of fancy footwork， she managed to negotiate a good deal．
她用了些高超的手腕，談成了一筆買賣。
③The issue is still under negotiation．
這個(gè)問(wèn)題還在商討之中。
【學(xué)會(huì)運(yùn)用】單句語(yǔ)法填空
①They did a deal on sugar after a week of _____________(negotiate)．
②A contract is prepared _____negotiation with our clients．
【學(xué)會(huì)表達(dá)】完成句子
③協(xié)議的具體細(xì)節(jié)仍在協(xié)商中。
The exact details of the agreement _________________________．
negotiation
in
are still under negotiation
2．withdraw vi．& vt． (使)撤回；撤離；取錢(教材P26)
withdrawal n． 撤走；收回；取回；取錢；退出
withdraw from 退出；撤回
withdraw to 移除；撤退到
withdraw into 退縮；退卻
withdraw into oneself 離群索居
withdraw money/cash/troops 取錢/取現(xiàn)/撤軍
①The commander in chief was given 36 hours to secure a withdrawal of his troops from the combat zone．
總司令有36個(gè)小時(shí)的時(shí)間確保他的部隊(duì)撤出戰(zhàn)區(qū)。
②Therefore， all electric buses have been forced to withdraw from operation， seriously affecting services．
因此，所有電動(dòng)公交車都被迫退出運(yùn)營(yíng)，嚴(yán)重影響了服務(wù)。
③We withdrew to the garden for a private talk．
我們退到花園里私下談話。
④Many depressed people just withdraw into themselves．
許多抑郁的人只是把自己封閉起來(lái)。
【學(xué)會(huì)運(yùn)用】單句語(yǔ)法填空
①She is very shy and always looks for a chance to withdraw _______herself．
②He replied that the UN had passed two major resolutions calling for a complete ___________ (withdraw)．
③After the Western Jin was vanquished， the Han government withdrew ____the east of the Yangtze River．
【學(xué)會(huì)表達(dá)】翻譯
④他因受傷而被迫退出比賽。
__________________________________________________________
into
withdrawal
to
He was forced to withdraw from the competition because of injury．
3．extend vt． 擴(kuò)展；使伸長(zhǎng)；延長(zhǎng)→___________ n． 延伸；延期；延長(zhǎng)→___________ adj． 廣闊的；廣泛的→_____________ adv． 廣闊地；廣泛地
extension
extensive
extensively
The extensive use of technology in our daily lives has led to a significant extension of our knowledge base， which has been explored extensively through online resources．
技術(shù)在我們?nèi)粘Ｉ钪械膹V泛應(yīng)用極大地?cái)U(kuò)展了我們的知識(shí)庫(kù)，這些知識(shí)通過(guò)在線資源得到了廣泛的探索。
【學(xué)會(huì)運(yùn)用】單句語(yǔ)法填空
①He's been granted an ___________(extend) of the contract for another year．
②All these issues have been ____________(extensive) researched in recent years．
【學(xué)會(huì)表達(dá)】完成句子
③宮殿及其庭院建成時(shí)比城市本身還要廣闊。
When built， the palace and its grounds were _____________________________．
extension
extensively
more extensive than the city itself
4　bond
[熟義] n． 紐帶；關(guān)系　vt．& vi． 增強(qiáng)信任關(guān)系；使牢固結(jié)合
[生義] n．______________
債券；公債
①Family traditions and shared experiences serve as strong bonds that connect generations within a family．
家庭傳統(tǒng)和共同經(jīng)歷是連接家族幾代人的強(qiáng)大紐帶。
②The team building activities helped to bond the members of the group， enhancing their trust and collaboration．
團(tuán)建活動(dòng)有助于加強(qiáng)小組成員之間的聯(lián)系，增強(qiáng)他們的信任和協(xié)作。
③The government issued a new series of bonds to finance infrastructure projects， attracting investors seeking stable returns．
政府發(fā)行了一系列新公債來(lái)為基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施項(xiàng)目融資，吸引了尋求穩(wěn)定回報(bào)的投資者。
【學(xué)會(huì)運(yùn)用】同義詞替換
①Let's bond our efforts and our hearts in order to achieve our common goal．____
【學(xué)會(huì)表達(dá)】翻譯
②該公司發(fā)行了高收益?zhèn)曰I集資金用于其擴(kuò)張計(jì)劃。
________________________________________________________________
③旅行中的共同經(jīng)歷讓朋友們建立了深厚的友誼。
___________________________________________________________________
unite
The company issued high yield bonds to raise capital for its expansion plans．
Their shared experiences during the trip created a strong bond between the friends．
探究二　短語(yǔ)
5．set sail 起航；開(kāi)航(教材P26)
set其他相關(guān)短語(yǔ)：
set sail from/for ... 自……起航/起航去……
set free 釋放；使獲得自由 set in 開(kāi)始；到來(lái)
set off 出發(fā)；引發(fā) set out (to do) 出發(fā)；開(kāi)始(做)
set up 建立；開(kāi)業(yè) set about (doing) 開(kāi)始(做)；著手(做)
set apart 使分離 set aside 留出；擱置
set back 阻礙；推遲 set down 寫下；記下
①Fishing boats set sail from Shipu Port in Xiangshan County， Ningbo， at the end of a fishing moratorium．
休漁期結(jié)束時(shí)，漁船從寧波象山縣石浦港起航。
②After years of unjust imprisonment， the innocent man was finally set free and reunited with his family．
經(jīng)過(guò)多年的不公正監(jiān)禁，這位無(wú)辜的男子終于重獲自由，并與家人團(tuán)聚。
③Once this environment is set up， all that's left is to wait for the stray cat to appear．
一旦建立了這個(gè)環(huán)境，剩下的就是等待流浪貓的出現(xiàn)。
④How do senior managers set about making these decisions
高級(jí)管理人員如何著手作出這些決定？
⑤The government pledged that it will set aside a special fund．
政府保證將撥出一筆特殊基金。
⑥Old Walter is setting down his memories of village life．
老沃爾特正在寫他的鄉(xiāng)村生活的回憶錄。
【學(xué)會(huì)運(yùn)用】單句語(yǔ)法填空
①It set _____a chain reaction in the international money markets．
②He set _____to find the truth behind the mystery．
③Fighting dogs need to be set _____in the correct way．
④The spring sowing time has set ____．
【學(xué)會(huì)表達(dá)】翻譯
⑤由于天氣惡劣，建筑計(jì)劃延誤了好幾個(gè)星期。
___________________________________________________________
⑥第二天早上，他們的船隊(duì)從南京起航了。
______________________________________________
off
out
apart
in
The bad weather set back the building programme by several weeks．
The next morning， their fleet set sail from Nanjing．
6．in hand 在手頭；可供使用；在掌握中(教材P27)
hand其他相關(guān)短語(yǔ)：
at hand 在手邊，在附近；即將來(lái)臨
by hand 用手
give/lend sb a hand 幫某人一把
on hand 在手邊(隨時(shí)可用)
on the one/other hand 一方面/另一方面
hand in hand 手拉手；聯(lián)合
green hand 生手；沒(méi)有經(jīng)驗(yàn)的人
hand over 移交；交出；讓與
hand out 分發(fā)；散發(fā)
hand in 提交
①He collected some orange juice from the refrigerator and， glass in hand， strolled to the kitchen window．
他從冰箱里取了一些橙汁，然后手拿玻璃杯，溜達(dá)到廚房的窗邊。(動(dòng)作描寫)
②Can you give me a hand to lift this
你能幫我把這個(gè)抬起來(lái)嗎？
③There are experts on hand to give you all the help and advice you need．
有現(xiàn)成的專家隨時(shí)為你提供所需的一切幫助和建議。
④I saw them making their way， hand in hand， down the path．
我看到他們手牽著手沿著小路走去。
【學(xué)會(huì)運(yùn)用】單句語(yǔ)法填空
①Rice farmers here still plant and harvest their crops ____hand．
②Please hand _____the reading materials to the students．
③She always had a great deal of work _____hand， but no one ever heard her complain．
【學(xué)會(huì)表達(dá)】完成句子
④一方面我羨慕他的才華，而另一方面我卻懷疑他的判斷力。
_____________， I admire his gifts， but ______________ I distrust his judgment．
by
out
in
On the one hand
on the other hand
探究三　長(zhǎng)難句分析
7．Over the centuries， further trading allowed more exploration of the regions to the west of China， as recorded in Du Huan's Record of My Travels in the eighth century．(教材P26)
幾個(gè)世紀(jì)間，隨著貿(mào)易的發(fā)展，對(duì)中國(guó)以西地區(qū)的探索增多了，這些在八世紀(jì)杜環(huán)所著的《經(jīng)行記》一書(shū)中有所記載。
【分析】　as在此處為關(guān)系代詞，引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，用來(lái)指代整個(gè)主句的內(nèi)容。
which與as引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的異同：
相同點(diǎn)：兩者都可指代主句中的部分或整個(gè)主句的內(nèi)容，在從句中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)，位于主句之后有時(shí)可互換。
不同點(diǎn)
①as引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句可以放在主句前后，也可插入主句之中；而which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句只能位于主句之后；
②which后的be動(dòng)詞不可省略；而as后的be動(dòng)詞可以省略；
③which在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，可用各類動(dòng)詞作謂語(yǔ)；而as在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)常用系動(dòng)詞，如be， seem， become等，一般不用其他行為動(dòng)詞；
④指代主句中某一個(gè)單詞時(shí)，只能用which，不能用as；
⑤“介詞＋關(guān)系代詞”中關(guān)系代詞只能用which；
⑥從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是否定形式時(shí)，常用which；
⑦關(guān)系代詞指代整個(gè)主句的內(nèi)容，從句意思可與主句相反，即從句為否定式或帶否定前綴的形容詞時(shí)，常用which。
①David， as you know， has not been well lately．
你知道，大衛(wèi)最近身體不太好。
②He started the car， which hummed smoothly．
他發(fā)動(dòng)了汽車，汽車平穩(wěn)地發(fā)出嗡嗡聲。
③She took it in the spirit in which it was intended．
她根據(jù)其精神實(shí)質(zhì)來(lái)認(rèn)識(shí)此事。
　 as常意為“正如”，常用的結(jié)構(gòu)有as we know (眾所周知); as is often the case (情況常常如此); as be announced/expected/known/imagined/mentioned/
reported (正如所宣布/預(yù)期/了解到/想象/提到/報(bào)道的)等。這些結(jié)構(gòu)常放于句首，偶爾也可以放于句中或句末。
【學(xué)會(huì)運(yùn)用】單句語(yǔ)法填空
①M(fèi)ike sold the old house， ________made his father very angry．
②_____ is known to everybody， the moon travels round the earth．
③Air is a mixture of gases， of _______oxygen forms 21 percent．
which
As
which
【學(xué)會(huì)表達(dá)】完成句子
④正如經(jīng)常發(fā)生的那樣，史蒂文森由于上學(xué)遲到被懲罰了。
Stevenson was punished for his being late for school， ________________．
⑤這個(gè)男孩告訴他的父母，他被清華大學(xué)錄取了，這是一個(gè)謊言。
The boy told his parent he had been admitted into Tsinghua University， _________________．
as often happens
which was a lie
8．The ancient sea routes travelled by Zheng He are being revisited with the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road， which is part of the Belt and Road Initiative．(教材P26)
隨著作為“一帶一路”倡議組成部分的“21世紀(jì)海上絲綢之路”的提出，鄭和航行過(guò)的古代航道而今再度受到關(guān)注。
【分析】　are being revisited 是現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，表示“一個(gè)正在進(jìn)行的被動(dòng)動(dòng)作”。
現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：
表示正在進(jìn)行或發(fā)生的被動(dòng)動(dòng)作，常與look， listen等動(dòng)詞及now， at present等時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用
表示現(xiàn)階段或目前這段時(shí)間正在進(jìn)行的被動(dòng)動(dòng)作，但這一被動(dòng)動(dòng)作在此時(shí)此刻不一定正在發(fā)生
表示按計(jì)劃、安排將要發(fā)生的被動(dòng)動(dòng)作(僅限于少數(shù)及物動(dòng)詞)
與情態(tài)動(dòng)詞連用，表示對(duì)現(xiàn)在正在發(fā)生的被動(dòng)行為的推測(cè)
①The IT department is being hived off into a new company．
信息技術(shù)部正被分離出來(lái)，成立新公司。
②The foundations of the house are being laid today．
今天正在給房子打地基。
③Hundreds of invitations are being sent out this week．
本周數(shù)百?gòu)堈?qǐng)?zhí)诎l(fā)出。
④The book is being translated into French by a team of experts．
這本書(shū)正在被一組專家翻譯成法語(yǔ)。
【學(xué)會(huì)運(yùn)用】單句語(yǔ)法填空
①At present， 7 patients ______________(treat)， in isolation， at hospitals in the area．
②The building ______________(build); I can't stand its noise．
③The old man may _________________(watch) over by a volunteer at the very moment．
【學(xué)會(huì)表達(dá)】完成句子
④你現(xiàn)在不允許進(jìn)入會(huì)議室，因?yàn)槟抢镎谥朴喴粋€(gè)秘密計(jì)劃。
You are not allowed to go into the meeting room now _______________________
_________________．
are being treated
is being built
be being watched
because a secret plan is being made there
對(duì)點(diǎn)練習(xí) 鞏固所學(xué)
維度一　高頻詞匯
(一)寫出下列單詞和短語(yǔ)的英文
1．________ adj． 皇家的；王室的；高貴的
2．________ vt． 看；看見(jiàn)
3．_____ n． 故事；敘述
4．_______ n． 等級(jí)；水平；聯(lián)合會(huì)；聯(lián)賽
5．________ vt． 擴(kuò)展；使伸長(zhǎng)；延長(zhǎng)
royal
behold
tale
league
extend
6．__________ 在手頭；可供使用
7．______________________ 獨(dú)領(lǐng)風(fēng)騷
8．______________ 退出；撤回
9．_________________為了……的利益
10．________ 起航；開(kāi)航
in hand
in a league of one's own
withdraw from
for the benefit of
set sail
(二)寫出下列句子中加黑部分的漢語(yǔ)釋義
1．With its own fleet of trucks， the company delivers most orders overnight．
________
2．The spice imparts an Eastern flavour to the dish．______
3．I like to hop from channel to channel when I watch TV．_______
4．There's been a big reduction in the size of the merchant fleet in recent years．______________
5．There has been a close bond between them ever since she saved him from drowning．________
車隊(duì)
香料
頻道
海上貨運(yùn)的
關(guān)系
維度二　語(yǔ)境運(yùn)用
(三)根據(jù)語(yǔ)境填入恰當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容
1．Eleven million bottles of water had to be withdrawn _____sale due to a health scare．
2．The gala evening was attended by ________(royal) and politicians．
3．They begin another round of ___________(negotiate) today．
4．We are thinking of having an __________(extend) built， as we now require an extra bedroom．
5．He didn’t know the fact that the air is difficult _________(breathe) at high altitudes．
from
royalty
negotiations
extension
to breathe
(四)用方框中單詞的正確形式替換下列句子中的加黑部分
1．The scenic pathway through the mountains offers breathtaking views of the valley below．_______
2．Upon observing the ancient ruins， the archaeologists were amazed by their intricate details．___________
3．Despite the rain， the children stayed outside playing， enjoying the puddles and mud．___________
route
remain， route， withdraw， behold， invest
beholding
remained
4．The politician retracted his earlier statement， apologizing for any misunderstandings it may have caused．___________
5．The government has funded several research projects aimed at finding a cure for the disease．_________
withdrew
invested
維度三　能力提升
(五)長(zhǎng)難句分析
(2024·新課標(biāo)Ⅰ卷)This makes sense because the people who get observational biodiversity data on mobile devices are often citizen scientists recording their encounters with species in areas nearby．
句意：這是有道理的，因?yàn)樵谝苿?dòng)設(shè)備上獲得觀察生物多樣性數(shù)據(jù)的人通常是公民科學(xué)家，他們記錄了他們?cè)诟浇貐^(qū)與物種的接觸。
分析：句子主干是______________，是“_____”結(jié)構(gòu)。because引導(dǎo)__________從句；who引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，修飾限定先行詞people；現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)recording their encounters with species作___________，修飾名詞短語(yǔ)citizen scientists。
This makes sense
主謂
原因狀語(yǔ)
后置定語(yǔ)
(六)句型轉(zhuǎn)換
1．It is my dream to travel the world and experience different cultures．(改為動(dòng)詞不定式短語(yǔ)作表語(yǔ))
→__________________________________________________________
2．We expected the team would win the game， and so they did with a convincing victory．(改為as引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句)
→______________________________________________________________
My dream is to travel the world and experience different cultures．
As we expected， the team won the game with a convincing victory．
維度四　素養(yǎng)提升
(七)根據(jù)所給漢語(yǔ)，完成下列句子
1．The Olympic organizers say that matters are well ________(盡在掌握中)．
2．The prime minister ___________________________ (建立一個(gè)慈善機(jī)構(gòu)來(lái)幫助) thousands of homeless people on the streets．
3．After the College Entrance Examination， we will bid farewell to each other and __________________________(起航前往一個(gè)未知的未來(lái))．
in hand
set up a charity to reach out to
set sail for an unknown future
(八)翻譯
1．一支亂扔的煙被指為引起這場(chǎng)火災(zāi)的罪魁禍?zhǔn)住?現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài))
_____________________________________________
2．這些古老的地圖激發(fā)了探險(xiǎn)家們?nèi)擦稚钐帉ふ覀髡f(shuō)中的失落之城。(動(dòng)詞不定式短語(yǔ)作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ))
_______________________________________________________________________________________
A dropped cigarette is being blamed for the fire．
The ancient maps inspired explorers to search for the legendary lost city in the heart of the jungle．
課后課時(shí)作業(yè)（一）
較易題(占比30%)　中檔題(占比70%) 　拔高題(占比0%)
題號(hào) Ⅰ Ⅱ Ⅲ
難度 ★★ ★★ ★
Ⅰ　完形填空
(2024·廣東省中山市博文學(xué)校高二下月考)I'm standing on Rio's beach， one of the most famous __1__ of sand． In this lively， multicultural country， the beach is not just a place; it's a state of mind—a way of thinking and living．
Every Brazilian has his or her own ideas of the perfect beach， __2__ to tell you where to find it． I'm happy to take their advice but my ultimate goal is to find my own dream beach． First， I go to Prainha's beach __3__ by a row of perfect palm trees， moving softly in the ocean breeze． Its beauty is magnificent—its perfect graceful lines are like something in a __4__． But for me， it's somewhat too perfect． I am searching for something a bit __5__．
I continue my search heading north to a legendary beach: Jeri． As an international destination， it attracts visitors from Tokyo to Toronto． Luckily， Jeri hasn’t been __6__ by tourists mostly because of its isolated (偏遠(yuǎn)的) location—at least five hours from any airport． I take a beach buggy (沙地車)， driving for three hours． The boats lie on their sides while nets __7__ to dry on lines between fishermen’s houses． Peaceful and beautiful! How can it possibly get any better I __8__．
My final stop is the islands of Fernando， __9__ a few hundred kilometers out in the Atlantic． They once were used as a prison and later by the army． Today， they are a national park and UNESCO World Heritage Site， __10__ with birds and sea life． The beach there is a perfect __11__ of sand， sea， and sky． The water is pale blue and warm， alive with colorful fish， __12__， and other marine life; the sand is the color of __13__． In the rocks and strong winds that __14__ come in from the Atlantic， there is the wilderness I was seeking． Finally， I’ve found the beach of my dreams． I __15__ my toes into the sand deeply and imagine I can hold on to this place forever．
篇章導(dǎo)讀：本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述了作者探尋心目中最完美的海灘的歷程。
1．A．stretches B．piles
C．beds D．castles
解析：根據(jù)前文“on Rio's beach”可知，此處表示這是最著名的一片沙灘之一。stretch意為“一片，一段”。故選A。
2．A．unwilling B．a(chǎn)mbitious
C．eager D．shy
解析：unwilling不愿意的；ambitious有雄心壯志的；eager渴望的；shy 害羞的。根據(jù)前文“Every Brazilian has his or her own ideas of the perfect beach”以及后文“I'm happy to take their advice”可知，每個(gè)巴西人對(duì)于完美的海灘都有自己的想法，作者接受了他們的建議，說(shuō)明每個(gè)巴西人都渴望告訴你在哪里可以找到完美的海灘。故選C。
3．A．measured B．mixed
C．wrapped D．lined
解析：measure測(cè)量；mix混合；wrap包裹；line 排列。根據(jù)后文“by a row of perfect palm trees”可知，一排排完美的棕櫚樹(shù)排列在普賴尼亞沙灘上。故選D。
4．A．postcard B．ship
C．mirror D．shell
解析：根據(jù)前文“its perfect graceful lines”可知，它完美優(yōu)雅的線條就像明信片上的圖片。故選A。
5．A．tender B．wild
C．a(chǎn)ppealing D．familiar
解析：tender 溫柔的；wild 天然的；野生的；appealing 吸引人的；familiar 熟悉的。根據(jù)前文“too perfect”以及后文“In the rocks ... I was seeking．”可知，普賴尼亞的海灘對(duì)于作者來(lái)說(shuō)太過(guò)于完美，所以作者希望尋找一些天然的海灘。故選B。
6．A．visited B．discovered
C．damaged D．a(chǎn)ccepted
解析：visit參觀；discover發(fā)現(xiàn)；damage損壞；accept接受。根據(jù)后文“because of its isolated (偏遠(yuǎn)的) location”可知，由于杰里海灘位置偏僻，所以并沒(méi)有受到游客的破壞。故選C。
7．A．turn up B．fall off
C．break down D．hang out
解析：turn up 出現(xiàn)；fall off掉落；break down出現(xiàn)故障；hang out晾曬；閑逛。根據(jù)后文“to dry on lines between fishermen's houses”可知，漁網(wǎng)掛在漁民房子之間的繩子上晾曬。故選D。
8．A．stop B．worry
C．complain D．wonder
解析：stop 停止；worry擔(dān)心；complain抱怨；wonder想知道。根據(jù)前文“How can it possibly get any better？”可知，作者思索著，當(dāng)前沙灘上的景象已經(jīng)是最好的了，還能夠怎樣變得更好呢？故選D。
9．A．wandering B．lying
C．disappearing D．floating
解析：wander徘徊；lie位于；disappear消失；float漂浮。根據(jù)后文“a few hundred kilometers out in the Atlantic”可知，該島位于幾百公里外的大西洋上。故選B。
10．A．rich B．dangerous
C．meaningful D．bored
解析：根據(jù)后文“with birds and sea life”可知，該處有豐富的鳥(niǎo)類和海洋生物。故選A。
11．A．relation B．balance
C．exchange D．field
解析：relation 關(guān)系；balance平衡；exchange交換；field 田地；領(lǐng)域。根據(jù)后文“The water ... the color of __13__．”可知，那里的海灘是沙灘、大海和天空的完美的平衡。故選B。
12．A．monkeys B．turtles
C．sharks D．pearls
解析：根據(jù)后文“and other marine life”可知，此處表示有海龜以及其他海洋生物。故選B。
13．A．sky B．water
C．honey D．diamond
解析：根據(jù)前文“the sand is the color”以及常識(shí)可知，沙子是蜂蜜的顏色。故選C。
14．A．eventually B．surprisingly
C．occasionally D．curiously
解析： eventually最終；surprisingly令人驚訝地；occasionally偶爾；curiously好奇地。根據(jù)前文“strong winds”和后文“come in from the Atlantic”可知，此處指從大西洋偶爾吹來(lái)強(qiáng)風(fēng)。故選C。
15．A．dig B．warm
C．trap D．hurt
解析： dig挖掘；warm使溫暖；trap卡??；hurt傷害。根據(jù)后文“my toes into the sand deeply”可知，作者把腳趾深深地插在沙子里。dig ... into ... 意為“把……插入……中”。故選A。
Ⅱ　閱讀
(2024·江西省贛州市高二下期中)“Earth” has always been an odd choice of name for the third planet from the Sun． After all， if an alien examines it through a telescope， he would note that two thirds of its surface is covered not by earth at all， but by oceans of water．
However， most of the oceans on Earth remain unexplored． For example， photographers are fond of pointing out that scientists have mapped nearly all the oceans’ surface， but less than a quarter of the seabed． Biologists think the oceans might host more than 2 million species of animals， of which they have so far identified perhaps a tenth．
A new project may change this． Launched in London on April 27th， 2023， Ocean Census aims to discover 100，000 new species of ocean animals over the coming decade． Its first ship， Kronprins Haakon， set sail on April 29 for the Barents Sea．
The project is launched for two reasons． One is that the longer scientists wait， the less there will be to study． “Top on our agenda are species thought to be in the greatest danger from climate change，” says Oliver Steeds， founder of the project． “Otherwise， the forest is burning down and we won’t know what was there before it is lost．”
The second reason is technological． Biologists find about 2，000 new species a year， a rate hardly changed since Darwin’s day． Ocean Census is betting that it can go faster． Fancy cameras on remote operated vehicles， for instance， allow scientists to scan deep sea creatures such as jellyfish without removing them from their habitat． Just as the huge pressures of the deep sea are deadly for humans， taking such a jellyfish to the surface for examination may reduce it to gooey slime (黏液)．
篇章導(dǎo)讀：本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了正在實(shí)施的海洋研究項(xiàng)目“海洋普查”的必要性及有利條件。
Exactly what the new effort might turn up， of course， is impossible to predict． But history suggests it will be fruitful． Half a century ago， scientists discovered hot seabeds that were home to organisms living happily in conditions that， until then， had been thought harmful to life． These days， such hot seabeds are thought to be one possible candidate for the origin of all life on Earth．
1．What phenomenon is described in the second paragraph
A．The oceans are home to most of the animals．
B．The oceans have not been studied in depth．
C．Scientists enjoy photographing the oceans．
D．“Earth” is not a proper name for our planet．
解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段內(nèi)容，尤其是“but less than a quarter of the seabed”和“of which they have so far identified perhaps a tenth”可知，科學(xué)家們對(duì)海洋的研究還很淺顯。故選B。
2．What does Oliver Steeds most probably mean
A．More efforts from scientists are necessary．
B．Animals in the forest should be rescued， too．
C．Climate change is endangering the forest．
D．The project should start with threatened species．
解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段中Oliver Steeds (奧利弗·斯蒂茲)所說(shuō)的話“Top on our agenda ... from climate change”可知，Oliver Steeds認(rèn)為受到氣候變化威脅最大的物種應(yīng)作為該項(xiàng)目的首要任務(wù)，由此可推知，他想表達(dá)的是這個(gè)項(xiàng)目應(yīng)該從瀕危物種開(kāi)始。故選D。
3．What can we learn from the jellyfish example in Paragraph 5
A．It is mature to study the oceans now．
B．Scientists should slow down their studies．
C．It is harmful to study deep sea animals．
D．Researchers want more advanced equipment．
解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段中的“Fancy cameras on remote operated vehicles ... from their habitat．”可知，通過(guò)遠(yuǎn)程操作的交通工具上的高級(jí)攝像機(jī)掃描就能夠?qū)λ傅壬詈?dòng)物進(jìn)行研究，而無(wú)需將它們從棲息地移走。由此可推知，水母的例子表明，現(xiàn)在海洋研究的技術(shù)已經(jīng)比較成熟。故選A。
4．What does the author think of Ocean Census
A．Dangerous． B．Creative．
C．Promising． D．Unnecessary．
解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“Exactly what the new effort ... it will be fruitful．”可知，作者認(rèn)為這個(gè)項(xiàng)目會(huì)帶來(lái)積極的成果，由此可推知，作者認(rèn)為它是有前景的。故選C。
Ⅲ　語(yǔ)法填空
(2024·安徽省馬鞍山中加雙語(yǔ)學(xué)校高二下第二次月考)Emerging evidence in humans suggests a __1__ (typical) Western high fat， high sugar junk food diet can quickly weaken your brain's appetite control．
After offering volunteers a week long binge (大吃大喝) of waffles， milkshakes and similarly rich foods， researchers in Australia found young and healthy ones scored worse on memory tests and experienced a __2__ (great) desire to eat junk food， even when they were already full．
The findings suggest something is special in the hippocampus (海馬體)—a region of the brain __3__ supports memory and helps to regulate appetite． When we are full， the hippocampus is thought to quieten down our memories of delicious food， thereby __4__ (reduce) our appetite． When it's interrupted， __5__ control can be seriously damaged． Over the years， extensive research on __6__ (mouse) has found the function of the hippocampus is very sensitive to junk food， but recently this has been observed only in young and healthy humans．
In 2017， after a week of Western style breakfasts of __7__ (toast) sandwiches and milkshakes， researchers found participants performed worse on learning and memory tests which are typically dependent __8__ the hippocampus．
篇章導(dǎo)讀：本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹人們新發(fā)現(xiàn)的證據(jù)顯示典型的西方高脂肪、高糖垃圾食品飲食會(huì)迅速削弱大腦的食欲控制。
Now， in this latest study the scientists of the team __9__ (find) that not only do such high fat， high sugar diets impair memory in humans， but they appear to directly affect our ability __10__ (control) our appetite．
1．________　2．________　3．________　4．________　5．________　
6．________　7．________　8．________　9．________　10．________
1．答案：typically
解析：考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。Western是形容詞，應(yīng)用副詞typically修飾。故填typically。
2．答案：greater
解析：考查形容詞的比較級(jí)。句意：澳大利亞的研究人員為志愿者提供了為期一周的華夫餅、奶昔和類似的油膩食物后發(fā)現(xiàn)，年輕健康的志愿者在記憶測(cè)試中得分更差，即使已經(jīng)吃飽了，他們也更渴望吃垃圾食品。根據(jù)句意及前文的worse可知，此處應(yīng)用great的比較級(jí)。故填greater。
3．答案：that/which
解析：考查定語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞。設(shè)空處引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，先行詞為the hippocampus，指物，關(guān)系詞在從句中作主語(yǔ)。故填that/which。
4．答案：reducing
解析：考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：當(dāng)我們吃飽時(shí)，海馬體被認(rèn)為可以減少我們對(duì)美食的記憶，從而降低我們的食欲。reduce與前文中所述情況為主動(dòng)關(guān)系，設(shè)空處應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在分詞作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)。故填reducing。
解析：考查冠詞。根據(jù)上文可知，control是第二次提及，應(yīng)用定冠詞the表示特指。故填the。
5．答案：the
6．答案：mice
解析：考查名詞。句意：多年來(lái)，對(duì)老鼠的廣泛研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，海馬體的功能對(duì)垃圾食品非常敏感，但最近僅在年輕和健康的人類中觀察到這種情況。mouse為可數(shù)名詞，前無(wú)限定詞修飾，設(shè)空處應(yīng)用名詞復(fù)數(shù)。故填mice。
解析：考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。toast與sandwiches之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，應(yīng)用過(guò)去分詞。故填toasted。
7．答案：toasted
8．答案：on/upon
解析：考查介詞。固定短語(yǔ)be dependent on/upon意為“依靠，依賴”。故填on/upon。
9．答案：have found
解析：考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和主謂一致。此處表示這項(xiàng)研究從過(guò)去到現(xiàn)在一直沒(méi)有中斷，而且有發(fā)現(xiàn)，對(duì)現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生了影響，應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。主語(yǔ)the scientists of the team表示復(fù)數(shù)概念，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)。故填have found。
10．答案：to control
解析：考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。the ability to do sth意為“做某事的能力”。故填to control。
(2024·廣西桂林高二下期末)Humpback whales are well known for their fascinating culture: These mysterious animals migrate thousands of miles every year， sing charming songs， leap from the water in an enormous breach， and collaborate while hunting—creating bubble nets that trap their prey． Now， researchers have shed light on another aspect of whale behavior: Playing with kelp (巨藻) they find floating in the ocean—moving it between their fins， rolling around with it， and， most interestingly， wearing it atop their heads like a hat．
精深閱讀
This behavior—called kelping—has been described in a new study as a “global phenomenon”． There’s no doubt kelping looks fun． But could it have another purpose Olaf Meynecke， research fellow at Griffith University and co author of the study， thinks so—especially considering that whales can keep it up for 30 to 40 minutes．
What’s particularly intriguing about kelping is the way that humpbacks from different populations—in both the Northern and Southern Hemispheres—all prefer to wear seaweed on the top of their heads， says Meynecke． They place kelp on their forehead in over half the recorded instances． Baleen species are believed to like having their heads scratched—gray whales are known for approaching whale watching boats for a tickle on the nose． Because whales don’t have hands to scratch themselves， like we do， Meynecke suggests “they might seek out other tactile sensations that just feel good”．
Whales might also be treating kelp like a cleansing face mask， as seaweed has antimicrobial qualities that can reduce levels of bacteria． Rubbing kelp across their bodies may also remove parasites (寄生物) and shed bacterial and viral growths to prevent them getting completely overgrown with sea lice (虱) and skin infections， says Meynecke．
The study has caught the attention of researchers globally， and Meynecke’s mailbox has been flooded with people who have also seen kelping． “Someone from Tahiti was like， ‘We see it all the time，’” he says． Now the phenomenon has been highlighted globally， which could lead to further research into the behavior， its benefits， and even if other species do it．
篇章導(dǎo)讀：本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了關(guān)于座頭鯨與巨藻互動(dòng)的研究。
1．What can we learn about humpback whales
A．They migrate alone every year．
B．They are naughty and good at sports．
C．They have an ear for music．
D．They cooperate closely while hunting．
解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的“Humpback whales are well known for ... that trap their prey．”可知，座頭鯨在捕獵時(shí)會(huì)合作制造氣泡網(wǎng)來(lái)捕獲獵物。故選D。
2．What does the underlined word “intriguing” in Paragraph 3 mean
A．Dangerous． B．Fascinating．
C．Optimistic． D．Worthwhile．
解析：詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)畫線詞所在句中的“What's particularly ... on the top of their heads”可知，南北半球不同種群的座頭鯨都喜歡把巨藻戴在頭頂，這一現(xiàn)象是令人感興趣的。由此可知，畫線詞意為“吸引人的，令人感興趣的”，與fascinating同義。故選B。
3．What function does seaweed possess according to Paragraph 4
A．Resisting bacteria． B．Removing dirt from the skin．
C．Enhancing immune system． D．Preventing the growth of parasites．
解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中的“Whales might also be treating ... reduce levels of bacteria．”可知，巨藻具有抗菌特性，能夠減少細(xì)菌數(shù)量。故選A。
4．What might be talked about next in the article
A．Explore the benefit of kelping．
B．Analyze the harm of kelp to whales．
C．Research into other species' behavior．
D．Advocate for the protection of marine animals．
解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“Now the phenomenon ... other species do it．”可知，這種現(xiàn)象在全球范圍內(nèi)引起了注意，這可能會(huì)促使人們進(jìn)一步研究這種行為及其益處，由此可推知，接下來(lái)文章可能會(huì)討論探索座頭鯨與巨藻互動(dòng)這一行為的好處。故選A。
精深閱讀——好詞句小練
(一)熱詞
1．_________ v． (隨季節(jié)變化)遷徙；遷移
2．____________ vi． 合作；協(xié)作
3．a(chǎn)spect n．_____________
4．_________ v． 撓(癢處)；抓破，抓傷
5．remove vt．______________________
migrate
collaborate
方面；層面
scratch
去除；移開(kāi)；脫去
(二)高頻短語(yǔ)
6．shed light on______________
7．___________ 追尋到；找到
8．catch the attention of________________
9．_______________ 充滿；被淹沒(méi)
10．______ 導(dǎo)致；通向
闡明，解釋
seek out
引起……的注意
be flooded with
lead to
(三)根據(jù)語(yǔ)境填入恰當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容
1．Scientists are studying various natural _____________(phenomenon) to better understand the world around us．
2．The _________(grow) of technology has significantly impacted the way we live and work．
3．Climate change is a _________(global) pressing issue that requires the cooperation of all nations to address effectively．
phenomena
growth
globally
(四)寫出下列句子中黑體部分的漢語(yǔ)釋義
4．The garden was left unattended for too long， resulting in an overgrown mess of weeds and tangled vines．________
5．She co authored a successful book on sustainable living practices， which gained widespread popularity among environmentally conscious readers．______
6．The report highlights the major problems facing society today．____________
_________
蔓生的
合著
突出；強(qiáng)調(diào)；使注意
(五)用方框中單詞的正確形式替換下列句子中的黑體部分
1．The ancient ruins of the city were incredibly captivating， drawing visitors from all over the world．____________
2．Her intention was clear from the outset; she had a definite aim in mind for her project．__________
3．The athlete made a sudden jump， soaring over the bar in a breathtaking display of skill．_______
fascinating
purpose， leap， fascinate
purpose
leap
(六)長(zhǎng)難句分析
Now， researchers have shed light on another aspect of whale behavior: Playing with kelp (巨藻) they find floating in the ocean—moving it between their fins， rolling around with it， and， most interestingly， wearing it atop their heads like a hat．
句意：現(xiàn)在，研究者已經(jīng)揭示了鯨魚(yú)行為的另一個(gè)方面，即它們會(huì)與它們發(fā)現(xiàn)的漂浮在海中的巨藻玩耍——在它們的鰭之間舞動(dòng)巨藻、圍著巨藻翻滾，最有趣的是，將巨藻像帽子一樣戴在頭上。
分析：主干是___________________________________；現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)Playing ... like a hat為another aspect of whale behavior的________；they find floating in the ocean是_______從句，修飾______。
researchers have shed ... whale behavior
同位語(yǔ)
定語(yǔ)
kelp
(七)根據(jù)所給漢語(yǔ)，完成下列句子
1．Nothing _______________________________(阻止他說(shuō)出) against injustice．
2．Humans ______________(被認(rèn)為) be tied to nature．
(八)仿寫句子
These mysterious animals migrate thousands of miles every year， sing charming songs， leap from the water in an enormous breach， and collaborate while hunting—creating bubble nets that trap their prey．(狀語(yǔ)從句的省略)
仿寫：這臺(tái)舊機(jī)器在使用前必須檢查一下。
_______________________________________________
would prevent him from speaking out
are believed to
The old machine must be checked before being used．
課后課時(shí)作業(yè)（二）
較易題(占比30%)　中檔題(占比40%)　拔高題(占比30%)
題號(hào) Ⅰ Ⅱ
A B 難度 ★ ★★ ★★★
Ⅰ　閱讀
A
(2024·廣東省廣州市天河外國(guó)語(yǔ)學(xué)校高二下月考)Are you looking for a place to spend a holiday Here are two great beaches for you to consider．
Yasawa Island Beach， Fiji
The Yasawa Islands are popular for unspoiled (未經(jīng)破壞的) beaches and clear bluegreen waters． Many mountains stand nearby as well． They offer people a much needed break from their busy lives． With natural beauty and a lot of sunshine， the islands have become a perfect place to relax． Popular with backpackers， the South Pacific islands also offer many activities such as sailing， visiting local villages and enjoying an evening on the beach with campfires and barbecues． In particular， the Yasawa Island Beach is an affordable relaxing place for tourists．
Eagle Beach， Aruba
Even if you are not one of many American students taking a break from the stresses of college life， you have probably heard people talk about the island—how it offers wild adventures and relaxing activities． No one can say “no” to its Caribbean charm (魅力)． In particular， if you have been to Eagle Beach， you will never regret the trip to Aruba． Like an eagle that spreads its wings widely， the beach is known for its long coastline． The Eagle Beach is also known for its soft white sands and clear waters． However， what you can see is not just a wide view of sand and sea． If you’re lucky， you can observe sea turtle hatchlings (幼崽) as they make their way to the ocean．
篇章導(dǎo)讀：本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹了兩處適合度假的海灘。
1．What are the Yasawa Islands popular for
A．Beaches and waters．
B．Campfires and barbecues．
C．Warm weather all the year round．
D．Different kinds of exciting activities．
解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Yasawa Island Beach， Fiji部分中的“The Yasawa Islands are popular for unspoiled (未經(jīng)破壞的) beaches and clear bluegreen waters．”可知，Yasawa群島因海灘和水域而受歡迎。故選A。
2．What can be inferred about the Aruba Island
A．People often talk about the island．
B．The island's charm is widely known．
C．American students often go to the island．
D．The wild adventures are attractive to the locals．
解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)Eagle Beach， Aruba部分中的“Even if you are not ... its Caribbean charm (魅力)．”可推知，Aruba Island的魅力廣為人知。故選B。
3．The Eagle Beach is most probably a popular place for ．
A．people to hold parties B．sea turtles to lay eggs
C．birds to look for food D．eagles to have a rest
解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)Eagle Beach， Aruba部分中的“If you're lucky， you can observe sea turtle hatchlings (幼崽) as they make their way to the ocean．”可推知，Eagle Beach很可能是海龜喜歡產(chǎn)卵的地方。故選B。
B
(2024·山東省棗莊市滕州市高二下期中)Polar bears normally need sea ice to hunt seals， but an isolated group of polar bears living on the mountainous coast of southeast Greenland have figured out how to make a living， even though the sea ice there melts away early in the year．
These bears have found a way to supplement their limited sea ice supply by hunting on freshwater ice that comes from glaciers on land． The glacial ice falls off in pieces into fjords， where the pieces get together into a floating platform that the polar bears use to catch seals， according to a report in the journal Science．
Climate change is making sea ice more and more scarce． Loss of sea ice is “the primary threat to polar bears，” says Kristin Laidre of the University of Washington， lead author of the new study． But， she says， this new work suggests some bears might be able to cope with a decreased amount of sea ice—at least for a while—in places like Greenland where they can take advantage of floating glacier ice．
While local people have long known that bears live in southeast Greenland， it’s a remote， challenging environment that’s not frequented by humans． “It’s a coastline with huge mountain peaks， lots of winds， extreme conditions and plenty of fogs，” says Laidre， who has spent years working with colleagues to survey polar bears living on Greenland’s 1，800 mile long east coast．
To see what they could find in southeast Greenland， the team had to take helicopters from the nearest settlement and fly for two hours in a straight line to the coast． “We arrived in these fjords， very isolated fjords， and there's essentially no sea ice or very poor sea ice offshore，” says Laidre， explaining that the researchers expected to find few bears．
“But there were a lot of bears in these fjords，” she says． “It was clearly just a unique habitat．”
The sea ice persisted in these fjords for only around a hundred days a year， she notes， meaning that bears don’t have much time to use it as a hunting ground．
篇章導(dǎo)讀：本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章介紹了由于氣候變化導(dǎo)致海冰減少，生活在格陵蘭島東南部的一群北極熊找到了一種新的狩獵方式：利用從陸地冰川落入峽灣的淡水冰來(lái)捕捉海豹。
4．What does the underlined word “supplement” in Paragraph 2 mean
A．Keep up with． B．Look forward to．
C．Look down on． D．Make up for．
解析：詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第二段中畫線詞所在句“These bears have found ... glaciers on land．”可知，北極熊通過(guò)在來(lái)自陸地冰川的淡水冰上狩獵來(lái)補(bǔ)充其有限的海冰供應(yīng)。由此可知，supplement 意為“補(bǔ)充”，與 make up for 意思相近。故選D。
5．What will happen to pieces of glacial ice after falling off
A．They will form various fjords．
B．They will exist in fjords for only two hundred years．
C．They will gather to be a platform for polar bears to hunt．
D．They will float into cold places and never disappear．
解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“The glacial ice falls off ... the polar bears use to catch seals”可知，冰川冰破碎成碎片落入峽灣，這些碎片聚集在一起形成一個(gè)浮動(dòng)平臺(tái)，北極熊用它來(lái)捕捉海豹。故選C。
6．What is the environment like in southeast Greenland
A．Severe． B．Crowded．
C．Pleasant． D．Windless．
解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段內(nèi)容可知，格陵蘭島東南部是一個(gè)遙遠(yuǎn)、充滿挑戰(zhàn)的環(huán)境，那里有巨大的山峰、狂風(fēng)、極端天氣和大量的霧。由此可推知，格陵蘭島東南部的環(huán)境很惡劣。故選A。
7．What is the text mainly about
A．Polar bears are on the edge of dying out．
B．Polar bears have another way to hunt with little sea ice．
C．Polar bears no longer need sea ice to hunt seals．
D．Polar bears can replace sea water with fresh water．
解析：主旨大意題。通讀全文可知，文章主要介紹了北極熊在海冰減少的情況下，如何利用陸地冰川落入峽灣的淡水冰來(lái)捕獵。故選B。
Ⅱ　讀后續(xù)寫
閱讀下面材料，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容和所給段落開(kāi)頭語(yǔ)續(xù)寫兩段，使之構(gòu)成一篇完整的短文。
(2024·江蘇省連云港市東海、灌云和灌南三校高二下聯(lián)考)When Mary entered the south Pole Penguin Research Lab， she saw her friend Tom gently stroking (輕撫) a penguin in his arms． As children of the lab scientists， Mary and Tom often observed the emperor penguins that were studied to understand how they adapted to extreme temperatures—insights that could aid human survival．
“We're thirteen， Tom． It's time to grow up and stop playing with the lab penguins，” said Mary as she started cleaning． “They're research animals， not pets．”
“But the birds listen to me！” insisted Tom， his breath forming a cloud in the freezing air． “You’re just trying to be a penguin whisperer again，” Mary replied， shaking her head with a gentle smile． The penguins seemed playful as they walked， dove， swam and chased their live fish for sport before eating．
Suddenly， an alarm rang out and red lights flashed， signaling a problem． The kids rushed over to look into it． “It's colder than before—there's ice forming on the water，” noted Tom． Though always cold， Mary had never seen ice here before． She checked the habitat monitor and found that the temperature had gone down a lot． “The heater must be broken！”
Mary quickly sent a message to their parents’ research team， who were conducting outdoor studies． With the adults away， the kids would have to deal with the freezing conditions until help arrived．
Time dragged as Mary and Tom anxiously waited． The increasing cold caused them to shake． “I wonder what emperor penguins do in extreme cold， since they stay in the Pole all winter instead of going somewhere warmer，” asked Mary． “They huddle (擠作一團(tuán))，” Tom answered． “They huddle together tightly so that the birds in the middle will be warm enough．” “What about the ones on the edge？” Mary asked． “They push their way towards the center， and then move back out to the edge， and struggle back again． Scientists in the early 21st century recorded it．” He replied as he stared at the large crowd of the penguins in the lab．
注意：
1．續(xù)寫詞數(shù)應(yīng)為150個(gè)左右；
2．請(qǐng)按如下格式在相應(yīng)位置作答。
“I have an idea to stay warm！” Tom shouted excitedly． ﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍
Two and a half hours later， the parents returned with help．﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍
寫前導(dǎo)讀：本文是一篇記敘文。Mary (瑪麗)和Tom (湯姆)是科學(xué)家的孩子，他們經(jīng)常和實(shí)驗(yàn)室的企鵝待在一起。一天孩子們發(fā)現(xiàn)供暖系統(tǒng)出現(xiàn)故障，而大人們都外出做研究了，他們做了些什么保護(hù)措施？大人們急匆匆趕回來(lái)時(shí)，孩子們和帝企鵝們?cè)趺礃樱?br/>[精彩范文]
“I have an idea to stay warm！” Tom shouted excitedly． Spreading his arms， he suggested joining the penguin huddles． Worried that the penguins wouldn’t let them， Mary hesitated but was soon persuaded by Tom’s assuring grin． He slowly approached the crowded penguins， crouching down． Gently stroking them with care， he whispered softly． Though startled at first， the penguins recognized Tom and let him into their group． Mary quickly followed． The children squeezed into the huddle’s edge with the penguins． Just as the birds did， they moved toward the middle and back out as the group shifted．
Two and a half hours later， the parents returned with help． Rushing in calling for the kids， they were surprised． The children were safely surrounded by Emperors in a large bundle． When asked how they stayed warm， the kids looked at each other proudly． “We used what the Emperor Penguins do，” they told their parents． Mary patted Tom’s shoulder with admiration， calling him a penguin whisperer． With a big smile， Tom gave credit to the penguins who taught them a lot． Their teamwork had seen them through the difficult cold with the penguins’ aid．
精深閱讀
(2024·安徽省蚌埠鐵路中學(xué)高二下月考)The ocean is a huge body of saltwater that covers about 71 percent of Earth’s surface． An estimated 97 percent of the world’s water is found in the ocean． Because of this， the ocean has a considerable impact on weather， temperature， and the food supply of humans and other organisms． Despite its size and impact on the lives of every organism on Earth， the ocean remains a mystery． More than 80 percent of the ocean has never been mapped， explored， or even seen by humans． A far greater percentage of the surfaces of the moon and the planet Mars have been mapped and studied than that of our own ocean floor．
Although there is much more to learn， oceanographers (海洋學(xué)家) have already made some amazing discoveries． For example， we know that the ocean contains towering mountain ranges and deep canyons， known as trenches (海溝)， just like those on land． The peak of the world’s tallest mountain—Mount Everest in the Himalayas， measuring 8．84 kilometers (5．49 miles) high—would not even break the surface of the water if it was placed in the Pacific Ocean’s Mariana Trench or Philippine Trench， two of the deepest parts of the ocean． On the other hand， the Atlantic Ocean is relatively shallow because large parts of its seafloor are made up of continental shelves—parts of the continents that extend far out into the ocean． The average depth of the entire ocean is 3，720 meters (12，200 feet)．
It is unknown how many different species call the ocean their home． It could be that more than 90 percent of the ocean’s species are still undiscovered， with some scientists estimating that there are anywhere between a few hundred thousand and a few million more to be discovered． Currently， scientists know of around 226，000 ocean species． Since the ocean is so vast， there is plenty for future oceanographers from all corners of the globe to explore and discover．
篇章導(dǎo)讀：本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了人類對(duì)海洋知之甚少，海洋的眾多奧秘仍需要科學(xué)家去探究。
1．Why does the author mention the research on the moon and Mars in Paragraph 1
A．To emphasize the wide impact of the ocean．
B．To show how scientists do space exploration．
C．To prove people's deep fascination with space．
D．To stress how little humans know about the ocean．
解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中的“More than 80 percent ... than that of our own ocean floor．(超過(guò)80%的海洋從未被人類測(cè)繪和探索過(guò)，甚至從未被人類看到過(guò)。對(duì)月球和火星表面進(jìn)行測(cè)繪和研究的比例遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)高于我們自己的海底。)”可推知，作者在第一段提到對(duì)月球和火星的探索，是為了突出人類對(duì)海洋知之甚少。故選D。
2．What does Paragraph 2 mainly talk about
A．Physical features of the seafloor．
B．Scientists' discoveries about the ocean．
C．Varieties of landforms on the Earth．
D．Similarities between the land and sea．
解析：段落大意題。根據(jù)第二段內(nèi)容可知，海洋學(xué)家已經(jīng)發(fā)現(xiàn)海洋也有高聳的山脈和被稱為海溝的峽谷。大西洋海底的大部分由大陸架組成。整個(gè)海洋的平均深度為3，720米。由此可知，本段主要介紹了海洋學(xué)家關(guān)于海洋的發(fā)現(xiàn)。故選B。
3．What can we know from the last paragraph
A．Ocean exploration has great potential．
B．The number of ocean species is declining．
C．Ocean pollution has become more serious．
D．Oceanographers need to do more to protect the ocean．
解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“Since the ocean is so vast ... to explore and discover．(由于海洋如此廣闊，未來(lái)來(lái)自世界各地的海洋學(xué)家有很多東西可以探索和發(fā)現(xiàn)。)”可推知，海洋勘探具有巨大的潛力。故選A。
4．Which is the best title for the text
A．A Big Discovery in the Deep Sea
B．The Ocean: A Mystery to Mankind
C．A Challenging Exploration of the Sea
D．The Ocean: A Vast Home to Sea Animals
解析：標(biāo)題判斷題。通讀全文可知，本文主要介紹了人類對(duì)海洋知之甚少，海洋的眾多奧秘仍需要海洋學(xué)家去探索研究，B項(xiàng)(海洋：對(duì)人類而言是個(gè)謎)最適合作為文章標(biāo)題。故選B。
精深閱讀——好詞句小練
(一)熱詞
1．_________ vt． 估計(jì)；估算；估價(jià)
2．considerable adj．_________________________
3．map vt．_________________　n．_______
4．shallow adj．________________
5．______ n． 深度；向下(或向里)距離
estimate
相當(dāng)大的；相當(dāng)重要的
繪制……的地圖
地圖
淺的，不深的
depth
(二)高頻短語(yǔ)
6．_________________ 對(duì)……有影響
7．__________ 超過(guò)；非常
8．_____________ 被稱為
9．_______________ 另一方面；相反地
10．extend out____________
have an impact on
more than
(be) known as
on the other hand
向外延伸
(三)根據(jù)語(yǔ)境填入恰當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容
1．He sees no signs of improvement in the UK and _____________(continent) economy．
2．My mother was an __________(amaze) woman and she raised four of us kids all by herself．
3．The smaller lake ranges from five to fourteen feet in _______(deep)．
continental
amazing
depth
(四)寫出下列句子中黑體部分的漢語(yǔ)釋義
4．Many of these species have vanished or are facing extinction．_______
5．A vast crowd turned out to watch the procession．__________________
6．The oil well extended several hundreds of feet deep．______
物種
巨大的；龐大的
延伸
(五)用方框中單詞的正確形式替換下列句子中的黑體部分
1．It is difficult to measure the success of the campaign at this stage．________
2．The first two floors of the building possess retail space and a restaurant．________
3．I have never heard such nonsense in my whole life！_______
estimate
entire， estimate， contain
contain
entire
(六)長(zhǎng)難句分析
It could be that more than 90 percent of the ocean's species are still undiscovered， with some scientists estimating that there are anywhere between a few hundred thousand and a few million more to be discovered．
句意：可能有超過(guò)90%的海洋物種仍未被發(fā)現(xiàn)，一些科學(xué)家估計(jì)，還有幾十萬(wàn)到幾百萬(wàn)種海洋物種有待發(fā)現(xiàn)。
分析：主干是_______________；第一個(gè)that引導(dǎo)______從句；第二個(gè)that引導(dǎo)______從句，作estimating的______。
It could be that ...
表語(yǔ)
賓語(yǔ)
賓語(yǔ)
(七)根據(jù)所給漢語(yǔ)，完成下列句子
1．There is little doubt that man __________________________________(已經(jīng)對(duì)地球氣候有影響)．
2．An approach ________________________(被稱為系統(tǒng)思維) is now seen as essential in meeting global challenges．
(八)仿寫句子
It is unknown how many different species call the ocean their home．(主語(yǔ)從句)
仿寫：她是否能得到這份工作還值得懷疑。
___________________________________________
has had an impact on the Earth's climate
known as systems thinking
It is doubtful whether she will get this job．

展開(kāi)更多......

收起↑