資源簡介

英語　選擇性必修·第四冊［RJ］
Section Ⅲ　Using Language & Assessing Your Progress
——Listening and Speaking——
一、聽力微技能1——科技前瞻介紹類
科技前瞻介紹類聽力材料通常涉及最新的科技發(fā)展，這些話題專業(yè)性較強，可能會包含一些特定的科技詞匯和概念，如人工智能、互聯(lián)網(wǎng)、物聯(lián)網(wǎng)等。以下是一些具體的提升策略，幫助你更有效地理解科技前瞻介紹類文章：
1．積累專業(yè)詞匯
熟悉與科學技術相關的詞匯，如智能科技類(robot， automation， artificial intelligence等)，互聯(lián)網(wǎng)與信息技術類(Internet， network， online， software， upload/download等)，能源與可持續(xù)發(fā)展類(energy， green， renewable energy， solar energy等)。
2．儲備背景知識
閱讀科技新聞、科普文章，關注科技動態(tài)，了解當下熱門的科技話題，這樣能積累一定的背景知識，有助于聽力材料的理解。
3．培養(yǎng)邏輯分析能力和信息整合能力
科技前瞻類材料內容邏輯性強，應理清其中的因果關系、對比關系等，將聽到的分散的科技信息整合起來，形成完整的概念，以促進對某個科技現(xiàn)象的全面理解。
聽力文本：
Good morning， my topic is what new technology can bring us． As we all know， we are now in the twenty first century which is the new technology century． In my opinion， there are three advantages that new technology can bring us． Firstly， most countries are developing faster and faster with the help of new technology． The Internet is a new technology． What does that bring us It makes the world smaller and smaller． Secondly， human beings can benefit greatly from new technology． Some people are suffering from strange diseases and they cannot help themselves and even the doctors around them cannot help them． But people can talk about their problems on the Internet and then famous doctors and some warm hearted people from all over the world may help them． The third advantage I think， is that new technology helps to protect our earth and save it from being polluted more and more seriously． All in all， we must do our best to develop new technology and make full use of it．
Q：1．What can be known about new technology
A．It helps all the countries develop faster．
B．It helps to protect the environment．
C．It helps people get sick less frequently．
2．What is the speaker mainly talking about
A．The development of new technology．
B．The disadvantages of new technology．
C．The benefits of new technology．
3．What can new technology bring the patients from the speech
A．Protecting them from strange diseases．
B．Asking for help all over the world．
C．Curing them of their illnesses．
第1小題詢問關于新的科技的相關信息。根據(jù)“The third advantage ．．． more and more seriously．”可知，新的科技能幫助保護環(huán)境。故選B。
第2小題詢問文章的主要內容。根據(jù)“In my opinion， there are three advantages ．．． more and more seriously．”可知，本文主要討論了“科技的優(yōu)勢”，C項中的“benefits”與短文中的“advantages”同義。故選C。
第3小題詢問新的科技可以為病人帶來什么。根據(jù)文中關于遠程診療援助的介紹“But people can talk about ．．． may help them．”可知，患者可以通過互聯(lián)網(wǎng)尋求來自全球任何地方的診療援助。故選B。
二、話題口語表達(開放型)
1．How do you understand the speaker's words？Do you agree with him/her
2．How do you think technology and AI will further influence the world
——Reading for Writing——
一、閱讀單詞及詞塊：寫出漢語含義
1．pros and cons 事物的利與弊；支持與反對
2．inaction n． 無行動；不采取措施
3．leather n． 皮革　[pl．] 皮衣；皮外套
4．lever n． 操縱桿；杠桿
5．panel n． 控制板；儀表盤；專家咨詢組
6．inch n． 英寸(長度單位，等于2．54厘米)
7．niece n． 侄女；外甥女
8．handkerchief n． 手帕；紙巾
9．lamp n． 燈；臺燈
10．puff n． (煙、氣等的)一縷；少量；喘息
11．jolt n． 震動；搖晃；顛簸　vt．& vi． (使)震動；搖晃
12．flip vt．& vi． (使)快速翻轉；(用手指)輕拋
13．stun vt． 使震驚；使昏迷
14．mud n． 泥；泥漿
二、核心單詞：寫出英文單詞
1．superior adj． 更好的；占優(yōu)勢的；(在級別或重要性上)更高的
2．labour n． 勞動(者)；體力勞動　vi． 奮斗；努力工作
3．backwards adv． 向后；倒著；往回
4．fetch vt． (去)拿來；(去)請來
5．pace n． 速度；步伐；節(jié)奏　vt．& vi． 確定速度；調整節(jié)奏
6．urge n． 強烈的欲望；沖動　vt． 催促；力勸；大力推薦
7．random adj． 隨機的；不可思議的
8．maximum adj． 最大極限的　n． 最大量；最大限度
三、拓展單詞：寫出下列單詞的詞性轉換(可查字典)
1．blurred adj． 模糊不清的；難以區(qū)分的→blur v． (使)變得模糊不清；(使)視線模糊
2．hazy adj． 模糊的；朦朧的；困惑的→haze n． (煙塵等的)煙霧；薄霧；迷糊；迷蒙
3．division n． 分開；分隔；差異；除(法)；部門→divide v． (使)分開；分成……；分；除以
4．explode vi．& vt． 爆炸；爆破→explosion n． 爆炸；爆破；爆裂(聲)→explosive adj． 易爆炸的；可能引起爆炸的→explosively adv． 爆發(fā)地；爆炸性地；迅猛地
5．overstatement n． 夸大；夸張→overstate vt． 夸大；夸張
四、熟詞生義：寫出熟義
grip 熟義：vt．& vi．緊握；抓緊
生義：n． 理解；了解
五、核心短語：寫出英語表達
1．superior to 比……更好；更勝一籌
2．take over 占上風；取而代之；接管；接手
3．conflict with 與……沖突或抵觸
4．turn out 關掉；熄滅；在場；使朝外；結果是
5．fall away (逐漸)減少；消失
6．have an urge to 有強烈的欲望做某事
課文三維剖析
THE TIME MACHINE(Adapted)
時間機器(改編版)
It was at ten o'clock today that the first of all Time Machines began its career1． I gave it a last check， and sat myself in the leather seat． I pushed the starting lever on the main panel forwards an inch then immediately backwards again． Looking around2， I saw my laboratory exactly as before． Had anything happened I thought my mind had tricked me． Then I saw the clock． A moment before， it was a minute or so past ten; now it was nearly half past three! 1強調句，強調時間狀語at ten o'clock today 2現(xiàn)在分詞短語作伴隨狀語
上午十點，所有時間機器中的第一臺啟動了其運轉之旅。我最后檢查了一遍機器，然后坐在皮椅上。我把主面板上的啟動桿往前推了一英寸，然后又立刻向后拉。環(huán)顧四周，我看到實驗室與以前一模一樣。發(fā)生什么事了嗎？我以為我的大腦欺騙了我。然后我看了下時鐘。片刻之前，大概是十點零一分，而現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)快三點半了！
I drew a breath， gripped the lever and pushed it forwards． The laboratory went hazy around me． My niece came in to fetch something， maybe her handkerchief， apparently without seeing me． It probably took her a minute， but to me she moved like a rocket! I pushed the lever further． Night came as if3 a lamp was being turned out， and in another moment came the day4． Tomorrow night came， then skipped to day， again and again， faster and faster still． 3引導方式狀語從句 4介詞短語前置引起的全部倒裝句；主語是the day，謂語是came，介詞短語in another moment作時間狀語
我吸了一口氣，一把抓住操縱桿，往前推了一下。實驗室在我身邊變得模糊不清。我的侄女進來拿東西，也許是拿她的手帕，但她顯然沒看見我。她大約花了一分鐘時間，但在我看來，她的動作快如火箭！我把操縱桿再往前推了下。夜幕降臨了，仿佛一盞燈正在熄滅，轉眼間，白晝就來臨了。第二天夜晚降臨，接著又躍進到白天。如此反復，越來越快。
It is hard to explain the strange and unpleasant feeling of time travelling5． It felt like I was being driven fast on a winding road． As6 my pace grew faster， the walls of the laboratory fell away， and I was left in the open air． The sun and moon looked as if7 they were being thrown across the sky， but8 soon there was division between night and day． Around me I saw trees growing like puffs of smoke; they grew， spread， and died in moments． I saw huge buildings rise up， then disappear like in a dream． The whole surface of the earth was being changed， melting and flowing before my eyes． I calculated that I was being pushed through time at hundreds of years a minute． 5 It是形式主語，不定式短語to explain ．．． time travelling作真正的主語 6引導時間狀語從句 7引導表語從句 8連接表示轉折關系的并列句
時間旅行帶來的陌生感和不適感是難以解釋的。我感到我好像坐在一部汽車里，飛馳在蜿蜒的道路上。我的速度越來越快，實驗室的墻壁隨之坍塌，我置身野外。太陽和月亮看起來似乎正被拋向天空，但是很快就有了晝夜之分。環(huán)顧四周，我看到樹木似青煙升起，不斷生長，變得枝繁葉茂，片刻之后枯亡。我看到大樓拔地而起，繼而消逝，猶如夢中。地球的整個表面都在變化，在我的眼前熔化、流動。我估算我一分鐘要穿越數(shù)百年的時間。
I had a strong urge to look at the random things that9 were being flashed before my eyes! I had thought about the risk of stopping the Time Machine many times． So long as10 I travelled at maximum speed， it didn't matter． But if11 I stopped and the same space was being occupied by something else， we would be forced together and explode like a bomb! Like an impatient fool， I pulled the lever backwards hard． With a sudden jolt， the Time Machine was flipped on its side， and I was thrown through the air． 9引導定語從句，修飾先行詞things 10引導條件狀語從句 11引導條件狀語從句
我有一種強烈的欲望，想看看眼前那些隨機閃現(xiàn)的東西！我已多次考慮過停下時間機器的風險。只要我以最高的速度前進，就不會有什么問題。但是，如果我停下來，同一空間被別的東西占據(jù)，我們就會被擠在一起，然后像炸彈一樣爆炸！我就像一個失去耐心的傻瓜，使勁向后拉了下操縱桿。突然一震，時間機器側翻了，我被拋向了空中。
I was stunned for a moment， and then heard the sound of thunder． I was sitting in the rain in some mud next to the machine． “A fine welcome，” I said． “for a man who12 has travelled thousands of years to be here！” 12引導定語從句，修飾先行詞a man
我一時驚呆了，然后聽到雷聲。我坐在雨中的一堆爛泥上，時間機器躺在一旁?！皩σ粋€穿越了數(shù)千年才來到這里的人來說，這歡迎真是別開生面！”我說道。
閱讀領悟
(一)課文理解填空
(二)感知“我”每次推拉操縱桿的情感變化
(三)判斷正誤(T/F)
1．All Time Machines began its career at ten o'clock today．(F)
2．I saw my niece moved like a rocket！(T)
3．It is hard to explain the strange and pleasant feeling of time travelling．(F)
4．I calculated that I was being pushed through time at hundreds of years a minute．(T)
5．With a sudden jolt， the Time Machine was thrown through the air．(F)
6．I was welcomed as a man who has travelled thousands of years to be here．(T)
探究一　熱詞
1．superior adj． 更好的；占優(yōu)勢的；(在級別或重要性上)更高的(教材P6)
superiority n． 優(yōu)越(性)；優(yōu)勢 superior to 比……更好；更勝一籌；優(yōu)于 superior in ．．． 在……方面占優(yōu)勢 have superiority over ．．． 優(yōu)于…… superiority in ．．． 在……方面的優(yōu)越性
①We have a relationship infinitely superior to those of many of our friends．
我們之間的關系遠比我們許多朋友之間的關系好得多。
②The company's products are superior in quality．
這家公司的產(chǎn)品在質量上占優(yōu)勢。
③The trained athlete has a clear superiority over the amateurs in the race．
訓練有素的運動員在比賽中明顯優(yōu)于業(yè)余選手。
④She demonstrated her superiority in mathematical skills during the competition．
在比賽中，她展示了她在數(shù)學技能上的優(yōu)勢。
　(1)superior用作形容詞時，本身含有“較……”的意思，所以沒有比較級或最高級形式。 (2)“比……強”要用superior to，而不能用superior than。
【學會運用】單句語法填空
①This computer is superior in many aspects．
②Human beings are superior to animals in that they can use language as a tool to communicate．
③In other words， gossip is satisfying because it gives people a sense of belonging or even superiority (superior)．
【學會表達】完成句子
④認為男性在科學方面優(yōu)于女性的普遍假設是完全錯誤的。
The general assumption that men are superior to women in science is completely wrong．
2．urge n． 強烈的欲望；沖動　vt． 催促；力勸；大力推薦(教材P8)
urgent adj． 急迫的，緊急的 urgently adv． 迫切地；緊急地；急切地 urgency n． 緊迫；急迫；急事 have an urge to do sth 有強烈的欲望做某事 urge sb to do sth 催促/敦促某人做某事 urge on 鼓勵；激勵；鞭策
①It is actually very urgent for educators to think about the ethics of AI like ChatGPT．
實際上，教育工作者迫切需要思考像ChatGPT這樣的人工智能的倫理問題。
②Realizing the urgency， he found he had more things to tell， and the book is the result of that．
意識到這件事的緊迫性，他發(fā)現(xiàn)自己有更多的事情要講，這本書就是由此產(chǎn)生的。
③He had an urge to open a shop of his own．
他很想自己開一家店。
④I urge you to join forces and build trust for peace and security．
我敦促你們聯(lián)合起來，建立對和平與安全的信任。
⑤Urged on by the crowd， the Italian team scored two more goals．
在觀眾的鼓勵下，意大利隊又進了兩個球。
【學會運用】單句語法填空
①It is a matter of the utmost urgency (urge) to find out what has happened to these people．
②You would be well advised to tackle this problem urgently (urgent)．
③The most urgent (urge) thing in a fire is to make sure everyone is out of the building．
【學會表達】完成句子
④突然間，她有一種強烈的沖動，決心要完成一場完美的表演。
Suddenly， she had a strong urge to determine to achieve a perfect performance．
⑤一位同事竭力勸王先生去看醫(yī)生，但他拒絕了。
A colleague urged him to see a doctor， but Mr Wang refused．
3．random adj． 隨機的；不可思議的　n． 隨意，隨機(教材P8)
randomly adv． 隨便地，任意地；隨機地 a random sample/selection 隨機抽樣/選擇 at random 隨意地；隨機地；胡亂地
①In her study， participants were randomly assigned to two groups．
在她的研究中，參與者被隨機分為兩組。
②We asked a random sample/selection of people what they thought．
我們隨機選取了一些人，詢問他們的想法。
③The winning entry will be the first correct answer drawn at random．
從所有給出正確答案的參賽者中，隨機抽出的第一個將獲得大獎。
【學會運用】單句語法填空
①My phone seems to switch itself off randomly (random)．
②We received several answers， and we picked one at random．
【學會表達】翻譯
③該調查在北京和天津隨機抽取了2，000人的樣本。
The survey used a random sample of two thousand people across Beijing and Tianjin．
4．blurred adj． 模糊不清的；難以區(qū)分的→blur v． (使)變得模糊不清；(使)視線模糊
The fast motion of the camera caused the image to blur， resulting in a blurred photograph．
相機的快速移動導致圖像變得模糊，結果是一張模糊的照片。
5．hazy adj． 模糊的；朦朧的；困惑的→haze n． (煙塵等的)煙霧；薄霧；迷糊；迷蒙
The haze from the forest fire made the view hazy and difficult to see clearly．
森林火災產(chǎn)生的煙霧讓視野變得朦朧，難以看清。
6．division n． 分開；分隔；差異；除(法)；部門→divide v． (使)分開；分成……；分；除以
When the company grew too large to manage effectively， the CEO decided to divide it into smaller divisions， each with its own manager and responsibilities．
當公司規(guī)模變得過大而無法有效管理時，首席執(zhí)行官決定將其劃分為更小的部門，每個部門都有自己的經(jīng)理和職責。
7．explode vi．& vt． 爆炸；爆破→explosion n． 爆炸；爆破；爆裂(聲)→explosive adj． 易爆炸的；可能引起爆炸的→explosively adv． 爆發(fā)地；爆炸性地；迅猛地
The police discovered a hidden explosive device in the abandoned building， but it accidentally exploded when defused， causing a loud explosion that shook the whole area．
警察在廢棄建筑中發(fā)現(xiàn)了一個隱藏的爆炸裝置，但在拆除時意外引爆，引發(fā)了巨大的爆炸聲，震動了整個地區(qū)。
【學會運用】單句語法填空
①The view from the top of the mountain was hazy (haze) due to the thick fog．
②The memory of that day is blurred (blur) in my mind; I can't remember all the details．
【學會表達】完成句子
③氣球“砰”的一聲爆炸了，把孩子們嚇了一跳。
The balloon exploded with a loud pop， surprising the children．
④學校的學生群體分為三個部門：小學、中學和高中。
The school's student body is divided into three divisions: elementary， middle， and high school．
8　grip
[熟義] vt．& vi． 緊握；抓緊 [生義] n． 理解；了解
①The baby gripped my finger with her tiny hand．
嬰兒用她的小手抓緊我的手指。
②I couldn't get a grip on what was going on．
我無法理解正在發(fā)生的事情。
【學會運用】同義詞替換
①Grip the rope as tightly as you can．Grasp
【學會表達】翻譯
②雖然蘇是生手，但她完全了解她工作的細節(jié)。
Though Sue is a green hand， she's completely at grips with the details of her job．
探究二　短語
9．take over 占上風； 取而代之； 接管； 接手(教材P6)
over其他相關短語： look over 從……上看過去；檢查；翻閱；瀏覽 blow over 平息；煙消云散 fall over 摔倒；跌倒；倒下 turn over 移交；翻過來 go over 仔細檢查；復習；通過；穿過 get over 從(不快或疾病中)恢復過來；克服，戰(zhàn)勝(困難) think over 仔細考慮；認真思考 spread over 分散；傳開
①When the previous owner passed away， his nephew took over the family business．
前老板去世后，他的侄子接管了家族企業(yè)。
②The position enabled us to look over the lake with the sunset in the background．
這個位置使我們能夠以日落為背景俯瞰湖面。(景色描寫)
③They weren't speaking to each other， but I think it's blown over now．
他們沒有交談，但我想現(xiàn)在一切都結束了。
④It takes you a while to get over an illness like that．
這種病你需要一段時間才能痊愈。
⑤A series of five interviews will be spread over two days．
一共五次面談，分兩天進行。
【學會運用】用over的相關短語填空
①As soon as my front foot slipped， I lost my balance and fell over．
②I suggest you should think over your position．
③It took me a very long time to get over the shock of her death．
【學會表達】翻譯
④剩下的設備應移交上級機關。
The remaining equipment should be turned over to the higher authorities．
⑤他的公司負債后被另一家公司接管了。
His company was taken over by another one after it fell into debt．
10．fall away (逐漸)減少；消失(教材P8)
fall其他相關短語： fall down 摔倒 fall apart 破碎；破裂；崩潰 fall behind 落后；掉隊 fall over 被……絆倒；意外地從……上跌落 fall in love with 愛上…… fall on適逢(某日)；降落在……上 fall into ruin 成為廢墟 fall to the ground 摔倒在地；失?。宦淇?br/>①If you take this medicine， all your symptoms will fall away．
如果你服用這種藥物，你的所有癥狀將會消失。
②The old couch started to fall apart after years of heavy use．
這張舊沙發(fā)經(jīng)過多年的重度使用后開始散架。
③In recent years， the country has fallen behind in its development compared to its neighbors．
近年來，這個國家在發(fā)展上落后于鄰國。
④We fell in love with the car at first sight．
我們第一眼看到這輛車就喜歡上了它。
⑤He lost his balance and fell to the ground．
他失去平衡摔倒在地。(動作描寫)
【學會運用】單句語法填空
①Running in the hallways could cause a student to fall down．
②What would you do if you saw a senior person fall to the ground
③They used to be good friends， but fell apart last week．
【學會表達】完成句子
④地震過后，許多古代的雕塑都毀了。
Many ancient sculptures fell into ruin after the earthquake．
⑤由于缺少煤，電站的發(fā)電量減少了。
Owing to shortage of the coal， output from the power stations fell away．
探究三　長難句分析
11．It was at ten o'clock today that the first of all Time Machines began its career．(教材P8) 上午十點，所有時間機器中的第一臺啟動了其運轉之旅。
【分析】　“It was ．．． that ．．．”為強調句型，此處強調時間狀語at ten o'clock today。 強調句型： 基本結構：It is/was＋被強調部分(通常為主語、賓語或狀語)＋that/who(強調主語且指人)＋其他 一般疑問句：“Is/Was it ．．． ＋that ．．．？” 特殊疑問句：“特殊疑問詞＋is/was it＋that ．．．？” “not ．．． until ．．．”句型的強調結構為 “it is/was not until ．．． that ．．．” 強調謂語時，用“do/does/did＋動詞原形”
①He bought the book in this shop yesterday．
→It was he that/who bought the book in this shop yesterday． (強調主語he)
→It was the book that he bought in this shop yesterday． (強調賓語the book)
→It was in this shop that he bought the book yesterday． (強調地點狀語in this shop)
→It was yesterday that he bought the book in this shop． (強調時間狀語yesterday)
昨天他在這家商店買了這本書。
②Was it ten years ago that his father died
他的父親是十年前去世的嗎？
③It was not until the rain stopped that I went home．
直到雨停了我才回家。
④Do be careful with the experiment you're doing．
做實驗時一定要小心。
【學會運用】單句語法填空
①It was when I got back to my apartment that I first came across my new neighbors．
②It was not until she collected enough material that she began to create her new novel．
③She rarely speaks at our meeting， but when she does (do) speak， she is always to the point．
【學會表達】翻譯
④他是因為生病才沒有來嗎？
Is it because he is ill that he can't come
維度一　高頻詞匯
(一)寫出下列單詞和短語的英文
1．lever n． 操縱桿；杠桿
2．niece n． 侄女；外甥女
3．backwards adv． 向后；倒著；往回
4．random adj． 隨機的；不可思議的
5．stun vt． 使震驚，使昏迷
6．have an urge to do sth 有強烈的欲望做某事
7．conflict with 與……沖突或抵觸
8．take over 占上風；取而代之；接管；接手
9．fall away (逐漸)減少；消失
10．superior to 比……更好；更勝一籌
(二)寫出下列句子中加黑部分的漢語釋義
1．To ensure safety， the maximum weight limit for this lift is 500 kilograms． 最大極限的
2．He blew a puff of smoke into the air， looking thoughtful． 一縷
3．He labored for many years to earn enough money to buy a house． 努力工作
4．We jolted along rough wet roads through an endless banana plantation． 搖晃
5．He set up a three man panel to advise him． 專家咨詢組
維度二　語境運用
(三)根據(jù)語境填入恰當?shù)膬热?br/>1．This may have been an improvement， but “breakthrough” was an overstatement (overstate)．
2．It is said that the winning numbers are randomly (random) selected by computer．
3．At work， robots will take over most jobs in the manufacturing industries．
4．There were two loud explosions (explode) and then the building burst into flames．
5．While you have the iron on， you'll just finish those handkerchieves/handkerchiefs (handkerchief)．
(四)用方框中單詞的正確形式替換下列句子中的加黑部分
blur， pace， random， stun， fetch
1．I was astonished and not a little shocked by what she said．stunned
2．He's just gone to get the doctor from hospital． fetch
3．Through the hazy window， I could barely make out the figure of a person walking in the distance．blurred
4．Most people walk at an average step of 5 kilometres an hour． pace
5．He made a casual remark that didn't mean much to anyone． random
維度三　能力提升
(五)長難句分析
(2024· 新課標Ⅰ卷)These observations now outnumber the primary data that comes from physical specimens， and since we are increasingly using observational data to investigate how species are responding to global change， I wanted to know: Are they usable
句意：現(xiàn)在，這些觀察結果的數(shù)量超過了來自實物標本的原始數(shù)據(jù)，而由于我們越來越多地使用觀察數(shù)據(jù)來研究物種如何應對全球變化，我想知道：這些觀察數(shù)據(jù)可靠嗎？
分析：本句是一個并列復合句。前一分句中的that引導定語從句，修飾先行詞the primary data；后一分句中的since引導原因狀語從句，how引導賓語從句，作動詞investigate的賓語。
(六)句型轉換
1．Someone flipped the table during the fight．(改為被動語態(tài))
→The table was flipped during the fight by someone．
2．Her image of calm， control， and discipline appealed to millions of voters．(改為強調句，強調主語)
→It was her image of calm， control， and discipline that appealed to millions of voters．
維度四　素養(yǎng)提升
(七)根據(jù)所給漢語，完成下列句子
1．The human mind will always be superior to (更勝一籌) machines．
2．If so， your points of view are bound to conflict with (與……沖突) hers．
3．The houses fell away (逐漸消失) as we left the city．
(八)翻譯
1．隨著高考的來臨，我們的老師敦促我們努力學習。(urge)
Our teachers urge us to study hard with the College Entrance Examination drawing near．
2．直到她到了辦公室，她才意識到她昨晚忘了關空調。(強調句)
It was not until she arrived at the office that she realized she had forgotten to turn off the air conditioning last night．
課后課時作業(yè)(一)
較易題(占比30%)　中檔題(占比70%)　拔高題(占比0%)
題號 Ⅰ Ⅱ
A B
難度 ★ ★★ ★★
Ⅰ　閱讀
A
(2024·遼寧省七校協(xié)作體高二下月考)At the end of 2019， I learned that Here After AI， whose goal is to let the living communicate with the dead， was looking for applicants of its new AI project． Interested in what it was promising， I applied to experiment the software on my very much alive parents．
At first， I thought it would be just a fun project to see what was technologically possible． Then their health condition added some urgency to the experiment． I was frightened that my parents might die since my father had been diagnosed with cancer and my mother was recently developing symptoms of early Alzheimer's disease， and that with the distance between us， I might never have the chance to say goodbye．
The first step was an interview． My parents were asked questions by a technician for hours—about everything from their earliest memories to what they believe will happen after they die． Whether through illness generated concerns or a willingness to humor their daughter， my parents put up zero resistance． The company then took their responses and started to create the voice assistants． A few months later， my virtual parents arrived via email attachment．
When I communicated with them through the app on my phone， my hands were shaking． I hadn't seen my actual， real parents for six months． They told me personal stories I'd never heard． They gave me life advice and told me things about their childhoods， as well as my own． It was mesmerizing．
Personally， I have mixed feelings about my experiment． I'm glad to have my virtual parents．They've enabled me to learn new things about my parents， and it's comforting to think that those softwares will be there even when my parents aren't． On the other hand， I can't help but find it sad that it took a stranger interviewing my parents for me to properly appreciate the complex people they are． But I feel lucky to have had the chance to grasp that and to still have the precious opportunity to spend more time with them and learn more about them， face to face， no technology involved．
篇章導讀：本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了作者參與Here After AI項目，通過AI技術與虛擬的父母進行交流的經(jīng)歷和感受。
1．Why did the author initially join the AI project
A．To test out the new technology．
B．To preserve her parents' voice．
C．To learn more about her parents' life．
D．To remove the worry about her parents' health．
答案：A
解析：細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“At first， I thought ．．． was technologically possible．”可知，作者最初加入這個項目的主要目的是測試新技術可能是什么樣子。故選A。
2．What can we learn about the author's parents
A．They liked talking a lot．
B．They died from the illnesses．
C．They opposed joining the project at first．
D．They provided data for the project．
答案：D
解析：細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的“My parents were asked questions ．．． started to create the voice assistants．”可知，作者的父母為項目提供了數(shù)據(jù)。故選D。
3．What does the underlined word “mesmerizing” mean in Paragraph 4
A．Alarming． B．Fascinating．
C．Inspiring． D．Disgusting．
答案：B
解析：詞義猜測題。根據(jù)第四段中的“I hadn't seen my actual ．．． as well as my own．”可知，作者已有六個月沒有見過自己真正的父母了，他們向作者講述了以前作者從沒聽過的個人故事，給予作者人生建議，告訴作者他們童年的事情，以及關于作者的事情，這是令人著迷的。畫線詞意為“令人著迷的”。故選B。
4．What does the author realize at last
A．AI means never saying goodbye to our parents．
B．The advances in AI technology have pros and cons．
C．The real connection with our parents matters most．
D．AI allows us to learn more about our virtual parents．
答案：C
解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“But I feel lucky ．．． no technology involved．”可知，作者感到很幸運，有寶貴的機會能夠面對面地與他們相處，更多地了解他們，無需任何技術的介入，由此可推知，作者意識到了與父母的真正聯(lián)系是最重要的。故選C。
B
(2024·江蘇省南京市高二下月考)Laughter comes in many forms， from a polite and quiet laugh to a great hearty laugh． Scientists are now developing an AI system to recreate different laughs in proper social contexts． The team behind the laughing robot Erica said that the system could improve natural conversations between people and an AI robot． “We think that one of the important functions of conversational AI is empathy，” said Dr Koji Inoue， the lead author of the research． “So we decided that one way a robot can empathize with its users is to share their laughter．”
The team have set out to teach their AI system the art of conversational laughter． They gathered training data from more than 80 daily dialogues between male subjects and the robot that was initially operated by four actresses remotely． The dialogue data was grouped into social laughs (where polite or embarrassed laughter isn't involved) and laughter of joy． Based on the audio files， the algorithm (算法) learned the basic characteristics of social laughs， which tend to be softer， and merry laughs， with the aim of mirroring these inappropriate situations．
“Our biggest obstructor in the work was identifying the actual cases of shared laughter because as you know， most laughter is actually not shared at all，” said Inoue． “We had to carefully decide exactly which laughs we could use for our analysis and we couldn't just assume that any laugh can be responded to． It was really not easy work．” The team said laughter could help create robots with their own distinct character although it could take more than 20 years before it would be possible to have a casual chat with a robot like we would with a friend．
“One of the things we'd keep in mind is that a laughing robot or algorithm will never be able to understand you or the meaning of laughter，” points out Prof． Sandra Wachter of the Oxford Internet Institute． “But with their development， they might get very good at tricking you into believing they understand what's going on．”
篇章導讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了科學家正在研究一款可以笑的機器人。
5．Why did Inoue's team develop the AI system
A．To better understand human empathy．
B．To promote the social skills of robots．
C．To explore the differences between laughs．
D．To assist robots in identifying people's moods．
答案：B
解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中的“Scientists are now developing an AI system ．．． an AI robot．”可知，科學家們目前正在開發(fā)一種人工智能系統(tǒng)，在適當?shù)纳缃画h(huán)境中重現(xiàn)不同的笑聲。該團隊表示，該系統(tǒng)可以提高人與人工智能機器人之間的自然對話。由此可推知，該團隊開發(fā)人工智能系統(tǒng)是為了提高機器人的社交技能。故選B。
6．What can robot Erica probably do at present
A．Repeat the details of the 80 dialogues．
B．Distinguish people by hearing their laughs．
C．Recreate a scene played by the four actresses．
D．Master the features of laughs provided by data．
答案：D
解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段內容可知，該團隊已經(jīng)開始教授機器人談笑的藝術，數(shù)據(jù)包括了笑的特征，由此可推知，機器人Erica (埃里卡)可能掌握了目前數(shù)據(jù)提供的笑的特征。故選D。
7．What does the underlined word “obstructor” in Paragraph 3 mean
A．Potential． B．Barrier．
C．Alternative． D．Division．
答案：B
解析：詞義猜測題。根據(jù)第三段中的“Our biggest obstructor ．．． It was really not easy work．”可知，現(xiàn)在確定分享笑聲的實際案例不是一件容易的事情，這是研究人員工作中最大的“障礙”，由此可知，obstructor意為“障礙”。故選B。
8．Which of the following can be the best title for the text
A．Are AI systems going beyond human ability
B．Can conversational AI really understand us
C．Laughing robots are round the corner
D．Robots become laughing masters
答案：C
解析：標題判斷題。通讀全文可知，文章主要介紹了科學家正在研究一款可以笑的機器人。C項(會笑的機器人即將問世)最適合作為文章標題。故選C。
Ⅱ　應用文寫作
(2024·云南師范大學附屬中學高二下月考)假定你是李華，隨著科技的發(fā)展，機器人將成為人們生活中的一部分，為了讓同學們更好地了解機器人，你校決定舉行主題為“The Development and Application of Robots”的演講比賽。你有意向參加，請你用英語寫一篇演講稿，內容包括：
1．機器人的發(fā)展；
2．機器人的應用。
注意：1．寫作詞數(shù)應為80個左右；
2．可以適當增加細節(jié)，以使行文連貫。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
[精彩范文]
Good morning， everyone!
It's my great honor to deliver my speech on the Development and Application of Robots．
With the development of science and technology， robots will surely play a more and more important role in many aspects． To begin with， they will be good helpers in people's daily life like helping people do the housework． Besides， robots will be widely used in the medical field． For example， nanobots are a new technique for fighting cancer cells． As for education， they are an effective way to stimulate students' interest in learning， especially pupils'．
That's all． Thank you for listening．
　讀后續(xù)寫
閱讀下面材料，根據(jù)其內容和所給段落開頭語續(xù)寫兩段，使之構成一篇完整的短文。
(2024·江蘇省鎮(zhèn)江市八校高二下聯(lián)考)I was always the little girl who played with magnets on the kitchen floor． I pieced together model roller coasters and exhausted a lot of science kits． Learning from my dad as he designed robots， I formed my own ideas， including an automatic breakfast machine． At 14 years old， I applied to my high school's Academy of Science， Engineering， and High Technology． As is unfortunately typical in engineering， female students were critically underrepresented in this academy—there were a mere twenty of us out of ninety total students． This was a tough challenge for me: as an ambitious female engineer， I needed to advocate my own talents and abilities in a field where women are often marginalized (邊緣化)．
Within the first month of the freshman year， we began our first project: a wooden can crusher (壓罐器)． I had worked on projects with boys before， but those were nothing like this． The three of us had one month to research， design， build， and test our device—a month full of arguing and frustration． My suggestions were turned down． And I was assigned the “default (默認的) female role” of timekeeper and documentation． I wasn't expected to be capable of contributing to anything else． We finished with a functional can crusher， but I knew this was not how I wanted to continue as a female engineer．
By the time junior year rolled around， it was time to face the year long Engineering Design and Development (EDD) project and state competition． When I agreed to work with two other girls， I had no idea that this would entirely change my perspective of my ability as a team member， a leader and an engineer． For this competition， we created a garage parking aid to help drivers prevent side view mirror damage． Within our team， we created a safe space where we all valued each other's input and carried equal responsibilities． After countless experiments and sleepless nights， we were awarded third place at EDD State， which helped me find the confidence I didn't have before．
注意：
1．續(xù)寫詞數(shù)應為150個左右；
2．請按如下格式在相應位置作答。
Then came the final year long project for me， an academy senior．　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 Thanks to all these experiences， I've grown a lot．　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
5R解讀故事
1．Read for characters (人物)
I， boy teammates， two other girls
2．Read for conflict/problems (沖突/問題)
I needed to advocate my own talents and abilities in a field where women are often marginalized．
3．Read for plot (情節(jié))
4．Read for emotional changes (情感變化)
The three of us had one month to research， design， build， and test our device—a month full of arguing and frustration． After countless experiments and sleepless nights， we were awarded third place at EDD State， which helped me find the confidence I didn't have before．
5．Read for theme (主題)
Dreaming of becoming an ambitious female engineer， I succeeded in the final year long project．
4步確定框架
Step 1：先寫最后一句(主題句)
I have been determined to succeed as a biomedical engineer， designing and innovating medical equipment to improve healthcare and human life．
Step 2：再寫銜接句(第一段的最后一句)
I felt proud I bravely soldiered on my dreams．
Step 3：根據(jù)所給段首語句寫角色的情感
第一段：
I created a team of people whom I respected and who respected me in return． I felt proud of my team．
第二段：
I think I have gained the courage to stand up for myself and the abilities as a leader and a strong team member． I know I'll encounter many thistles and thorns in the future life， but I don't fear．
Step 4：補全續(xù)寫每段的中間內容
第一段：
As a group of two guys and two girls， we all brainstormed， calculated， designed and constructed together． I remember the numerous times when we washed oil and metal remains off our hands together after the laborious work． I also remember we once got stuck with several technical problems; however， we spared no effort to tackle them． After what seemed like centuries， a two passenger， gasoline powered go kart was completed． The other day， when we tested it out at the top speed of 27 mph， we felt excited． At that moment， I felt proud of my team．
第二段：
In the process of growth， I learn to be patient． I understand the meaning of confidence and cooperation． I want to thank my dad for cultivating my interest in engineering．
寫前導讀：本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述了作者夢想成為一名工程師，然而，在大一的一個木制壓罐器的項目中作者因為是女性而被邊緣化。為了改變這種狀況，作者在大三時與兩個女孩合作參加了EDD州際比賽并獲得了第三名。最后一學年的項目比賽來臨，作者會怎樣應對？作者收獲了什么？
[精彩范文]
Then came the final year long project for me， an academy senior． I created a team of people whom I respected and who respected me in return． As a group of two guys and two girls， we all brainstormed， calculated， designed and constructed together． I remember the numerous times when we washed oil and metal remains off our hands together after the laborious work． I also remember we once got stuck with several technical problems; however， we spared no effort to tackle them． After what seemed like centuries， a two passenger， gasoline powered go kart was completed． The other day， when we tested it out at the top speed of 27 mph， we felt excited． At that moment， I felt proud of my team． I felt proud I bravely soldiered on my dreams．
Thanks to all these experiences， I've grown a lot． I think I have gained the courage to stand up for myself and the abilities as a leader and a strong team member． In the process of growth， I learn to be patient． I understand the meaning of confidence and cooperation． I want to thank my dad for cultivating my interest in engineering． I know I'll encounter many thistles and thorns in the future life， but I don't fear． I have been determined to succeed as a biomedical engineer， designing and innovating medical equipment to improve healthcare and human life．
情節(jié)邏輯(范文和自己想的有何不同)
語言表達(原文和范文中有哪些表達更地道更準確) 1． 2． 3．
課后課時作業(yè)(二)
較易題(占比30%)　中檔題(占比40%)　拔高題(占比30%)
題號 Ⅰ Ⅱ
A B
難度 ★ ★★★ ★★
Ⅰ　閱讀
A
(2024·山西省太原市高二下期中)
Artificial Intelligence Professional Program
Stanford Online Artificial Intelligence courses let you virtually step into the classrooms of Stanford professors who lead the AI revolution． The courses， beginning on Wednesday May 1， are based on Stanford graduate courses， but adapted for the needs of working professionals．
Before enrolling in your first course， you need to apply for an online interview with your professor (1520 minutes)． The interaction allows you to tell your professor about your interest in joining， as well as confirm that you meet the essential requirements (Proficiency in Python， College Calculus， Linear Algebra and Probability Theory)．
The courses will equip you with the skills and confidence to：
Learn basic AI technologies to operate AI models and tools．
Evaluate performance of AI models accurately．
Carry out search algorithms to find the shortest paths and plan motions for the general use robots．
Guard against various types of cyber crimes to keep information safe．
What you will earn：
You'll earn a Stanford Professional Certificate in Artificial Intelligence when you successfully complete either three 10 week courses in the AI professional education program or two courses in the AI professional education program plus one course in the AI graduate program． All the courses in the program will be accessible through Wednesday July 31．
篇章導讀：本文是一篇應用文。文章主要介紹了斯坦福大學在線人工智能課程的相關信息。
1．What is necessary to enter for the program according to the text
A．A graduate certificate． B．A Stanford's scholarship．
C．An interview on the Internet． D．A professor's recommendation．
答案：C
解析：細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“Before enrolling in ．．． your professor (1520 minutes)．”可知，報名的必要條件是先進行網(wǎng)上面試。故選C。
2．Which of the following skills can be gained from the program
A．Updating AI models． B．Maintaining cyber security．
C．Predicting future accurately． D．Inventing robots with new functions．
答案：B
解析：細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)The courses will equip you with the skills and confidence to部分中的“Guard against ．．． keep information safe．”可知，維護網(wǎng)絡安全可以從課程中獲得。故選B。
3．How long will the program last
A．Four weeks． B．Two months．
C．Ten weeks． D．Three months．
答案：D
解析：細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的“The courses， beginning on Wednesday May 1”以及What you will earn部分中的“All the courses ．．． through Wednesday July 31．”可知，這個項目將從5月1日持續(xù)到7月31日，歷時三個月。故選D。
B
(2024·湖北省鄂東南省級示范高中聯(lián)盟高二下期中)A simple sponge (海綿) has improved how robots grasp， scientists from the University of Bristol have found． This easy to make device can help stiff robots handle delicate items carefully by mimicking the touch， or variable stiffness， of a human．
Robots can skip and jump， but they're too rigid to hold an egg easily． Variable stiffness devices are potential solutions for reducing damage to hard robots， or for improving the load capacity of soft robots．
This study， published at the IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA) 2023， shows that variable stiffness can be achieved by a silicone (硅膠) sponge．
Lead author Tianqi Yue from the University of Bristol explained， “Robotic arms are too rigid (僵硬的) so they cannot make such a soft human like grasp on delicate objects， for example， an egg． What makes humans different from robotic arms is that we have soft tissues enclosing rigid bones， which act as a natural mitigating (緩和的) mechanism． In this paper， we managed to develop a soft device with variable stiffness， to be mounted on the end of a robotic arm to make the robot object contact safe．”
Silicone sponge is just like the cleaning sponge used in everyday tasks． By pressing the sponge， the sponge stiffens， which is why it can be transformed into a variable stiffness device．
This device could be used in industrial robots and service robots to make human robot interaction safer．
Mr Yue added， “We managed to use a sponge to make a cheap but effective device that can help robots achieve soft contact with objects． The great potential comes from its low cost and light weight． We believe this silicone sponge based variable stiffness device will provide a novel solution in industry and healthcare．”
The team will now look at making the device achieve variable stiffness in multiple directions．
篇章導讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章主要從特點和優(yōu)勢兩方面介紹了一種可以幫助機器人處理易碎物品的裝置。
4．What does the underlined word in Paragraph 1 probably mean
A．Stimulating． B．Imitating．
C．Restoring． D．Demonstrating．
答案：B
解析：詞義猜測題。根據(jù)畫線詞所在句“This easy to make device ．．． of a human．”可知，這個易于制作的裝置可以幫助僵硬的機器人通過模仿人類的觸摸或可變剛度來小心地處理易碎物品。畫線詞意為“模仿”。故選B。
5．Which of the following robots can be dealt with by a variable stiffness device
A．Robots that are unable to grasp objects．
B．Robots that are too rigid to skip and jump．
C．Robots that are incapable of getting around．
D．Robots that lack the capacity to grasp fragile stuff．
答案：D
解析：細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段內容可知，缺乏抓住易碎物品能力的機器人可以用可變剛度裝置來解決這個問題。故選D。
6．Why is silicone sponge selected to be an ideal solution
A．It has natural soft tissues．
B．It is inexpensive and lightweight．
C．It can help robots achieve contact with objects．
D．It can function as a cleaning instrument once pressed．
答案：B
解析：細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的“We managed to use a sponge ．．． and light weight．”可知，選擇硅膠海綿作為理想的解決方案是因為它既便宜又輕便。故選B。
7．What's the purpose of the text
A．To persuade． B．To entertain．
C．To educate． D．To inform．
答案：D
解析：推理判斷題。通讀全文可知，文章主要從特點和優(yōu)勢兩方面介紹了一種可以幫助機器人處理易碎物品的裝置。由此可推知，文章的目的是告知。故選D。
Ⅱ　七選五
(2024·山東省臨沂市高二下期末)Does alien life exist It's a question many people have tried to answer． __1__ AI is a type of program that allows a computer to learn from experience and perform tasks that usually require human intelligence． AI works by taking in lots of data， then making predictions based on it．
The research team used their AI method to analyze different materials and determine whether they were biotic (生物性的) or abiotic． __2__
To train the AI program， the researchers gave it data on 134 biotic and abiotic materials． The program then used that knowledge to predict whether things like human hair， bones， teeth， eaves， coal， and chemicals were alive or not． __3__
__4__ “We may be able to find a life form from another planet，” said Robert Hazen of the Carnegie Institution for Science in Washington， DC．“If we do find signs of life elsewhere， we can tell if life on Earth and other planets derived from a common or different origin．” For now， though， the team is focused on ancient rock samples from Earth to learn more about life on our own planet and where it originated． For example， the tool could be used to settle a disagreement among scientists about 3．5 billion year old rocks from Western Australia． __5__ However， others think the rocks just have unusual patterns．
The AI could also be used to examine samples from Mars collected by the Perseverance over． NASA put this wheeled robot on the red planet to search for evidence that Mars has the right conditions to support life． Perseverance is gathering rock samples that will be brought to Earth in 2033．
A．People's answers are various．
B．Some experts believe AI can't tell their origin．
C．The researchers said the AI was 90% accurate．
D．The scientists also think the AI tool could detect alien life forms．
E．Some experts believe the rocks contain Earth's oldest fossil samples．
F．Now scientists have identified a new method for finding alien life using AI．
G．The AI also could tell whether a biotic sample was currently living or a fossil．
篇章導讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了一種新的方法，即使用人工智能來尋找外星生命。
1．答案：F
解析：根據(jù)前文“Does alien life exist ．．． tried to answer．(外星生命存在嗎？這是一個很多人都試圖回答的問題。)”可知，F(xiàn)項(現(xiàn)在，科學家們發(fā)現(xiàn)了一種利用人工智能尋找外星生命的新方法。)承接前文。故選F。
2．答案：G
解析：根據(jù)前文“The research team ．．． biotic (生物性的) or abiotic．”可知，本段主要講述人工智能在分析材料方面的運用。G項(人工智能還可以判斷生物樣本目前是活的還是化石。)承接前文。故選G。
3．答案：C
解析：根據(jù)前文“To train the AI program ．．． were alive or not．”可知，本段講述研究人員如何訓練人工智能。C項(研究人員表示，人工智能的準確率為90%。)承接前文，說明訓練的結果。故選C。
4．答案：D
解析：根據(jù)后文“We may be able to ．．． in Washington， DC．”可知，本段講述人工智能能幫助探測生命形式。D項(科學家們還認為，這種人工智能工具可以探測到外星的生命形式。)引出后文。故選D。
5．答案：E
解析：根據(jù)前文“For example ．．． from Western Australia．(例如，這個工具可以用來解決科學家們對來自西澳大利亞的大約35億年前的巖石的分歧。)”可知，E項(一些專家認為這些巖石含有地球上最古老的化石樣本。)承接前文，講述對巖石的研究。故選E。
　單元寫作
單元寫作——短篇科幻故事
科幻故事是根據(jù)科學知識編寫出來的故事，大多是虛構的，需要發(fā)揮自己的想象力。在寫科幻故事時，不必加入太多科學原理，只要能自圓其說、有緣有故即可。不過，一般情況下，所寫的科幻故事不能只是幻想，還要揭示一些道理。另外，在寫作時也要注意以下幾點：
1．科幻故事類文章和記敘文一樣，常用一般過去時來敘述故事的起因、經(jīng)過和結果。
2．科幻故事需要豐富的語言，因此要重點掌握詞匯和句式的運用，只有這樣才能使文章豐滿、充實而不空洞。
3．雖然短篇科幻故事需要發(fā)揮自己的想象力，但也要在結尾體現(xiàn)出積極正面的思想，不可以一味天馬行空地放飛想象，要找準落腳點，才能精準點題。
It was hot at night and I couldn't fall asleep in the tent， ________________(起因)． The sky was clear and ______________ (特別現(xiàn)象)． Suddenly a bright light flashed across the sky and ________________ (描述一)， which looked just like the one in the book I had read during the day． I quickly hid behind a stone and ________________ (描述二)． He walked into my tent and came out with something in his hand． The UFO then flew away． I immediately ran into my tent and ________________ (描述三)． I was so puzzled that I couldn't believe what I had seen． But I decided that the next time the alien came， ________________ (結局)．
※開頭常用句式
1．It's exciting to imagine a life with robots to satisfy our various needs．
想象有機器人滿足我們各種需求的生活，這很令人興奮。
2．As science and technology develop， life in the future will be greatly different from what it is today．
隨著科技的發(fā)展，未來的生活將與今天的生活大不相同。
3．Robots were easy to see everywhere and people were working busily at a rapid pace．
機器人隨處可見，人們以一種快節(jié)奏忙碌地工作著。
※主體段落常用句式
1．After a long time， we landed another planet， where I saw many aliens．
過了很長一段時間，我們登陸了另一個星球，在那里我看到了很多外星人。
2．In a small laboratory tucked away in a remote corner of the world， she was focusing on her latest research project．
在世界偏遠角落的一個小實驗室里，她正專注于她最新的研究項目。
3．The floating city will be located on a man made island， which will be almost entirely covered by plants．
這座漂浮城市將建在一座人工島上，島上幾乎完全被植物覆蓋。
4．Looking around， I found myself surrounded by many smart devices．
環(huán)顧四周，我發(fā)現(xiàn)自己被許多智能設備包圍。
5．Travel will be easier for us because we have more advanced tools．
旅行對我們來說將會更容易，因為我們有更先進的工具。
6．By using robots， we can do a lot of things that we didn't have the ability to do in the past．
使用機器人，我們可以做很多我們過去沒有能力做的事情。
※結尾常用句式
1．How I wish to fly into the future world with the time machine!
我多么想通過時間機器飛進未來的世界！
2．Taking everything into consideration， we have great confidence in building new homes for humans on Mars．
綜合考慮各種因素，我們很有信心在火星上建造人類的新家園。
3．In conclusion， I think life in the future will be much better than it is now．
總之，我認為未來的生活會比現(xiàn)在好得多。
你校學生會正在舉辦科幻故事征文比賽，請你寫一個關于時間機器的故事參加比賽。
注意：1．寫作詞數(shù)應為80個左右；
2．可以適當增加細節(jié)，以使行文連貫。
參考詞匯：摩天大樓skyscraper
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
[精彩范文]
In a laboratory， Dr Evan stood by his latest invention—a time machine． With a mix of excitement and anticipation， he adjusted the controls， setting the destination to a century in the future．
As he stepped into the machine， a red flash illuminated him． Suddenly， Dr Evan emerged in a world he couldn't have imagined．
Skyscrapers reached towards the clouds， and cars glided through the air． The future was a marvel， yet it felt oddly empty without the familiarity of the past． Realizing the value of his own time， Dr Evan quickly set the machine to return． Back in his laboratory， Dr Evan smiled， knowing he had witnessed the miracle of time travel． But he also understood that no matter how far technology advanced， the true essence of life lay in the moments we lived， not just the places we visited．
11(共140張PPT)
WELCOME UNIT
UNIT 1　 SCIENCE FICTION
單元主題：人與自我——科學幻想與科學現(xiàn)實
Section Ⅲ　Using Language & Assessing Your Progress
——Listening and Speaking——
一、聽力微技能1——科技前瞻介紹類
科技前瞻介紹類聽力材料通常涉及最新的科技發(fā)展，這些話題專業(yè)性較強，可能會包含一些特定的科技詞匯和概念，如人工智能、互聯(lián)網(wǎng)、物聯(lián)網(wǎng)等。以下是一些具體的提升策略，幫助你更有效地理解科技前瞻介紹類文章：
1．積累專業(yè)詞匯
熟悉與科學技術相關的詞匯，如智能科技類(robot， automation， artificial intelligence等)，互聯(lián)網(wǎng)與信息技術類(Internet， network， online， software， upload/download等)，能源與可持續(xù)發(fā)展類(energy， green， renewable energy， solar energy等)。
2．儲備背景知識
閱讀科技新聞、科普文章，關注科技動態(tài)，了解當下熱門的科技話題，這樣能積累一定的背景知識，有助于聽力材料的理解。
3．培養(yǎng)邏輯分析能力和信息整合能力
科技前瞻類材料內容邏輯性強，應理清其中的因果關系、對比關系等，將聽到的分散的科技信息整合起來，形成完整的概念，以促進對某個科技現(xiàn)象的全面理解。
聽力文本：
Good morning， my topic is what new technology can bring us． As we all know， we are now in the twenty first century which is the new technology century． In my opinion， there are three advantages that new technology can bring us． Firstly， most countries are developing faster and faster with the help of new technology． The Internet is a new technology． What does that bring us It makes the world smaller and smaller． Secondly， human beings can benefit greatly from new technology． Some people are suffering from strange diseases and they cannot help themselves and even the
doctors around them cannot help them． But people can talk about their problems on the Internet and then famous doctors and some warm hearted people from all over the world may help them． The third advantage I think， is that new technology helps to protect our earth and save it from being polluted more and more seriously． All in all， we must do our best to develop new technology and make full use of it．
Q：1．What can be known about new technology
A．It helps all the countries develop faster．
B．It helps to protect the environment．
C．It helps people get sick less frequently．
2．What is the speaker mainly talking about
A．The development of new technology．
B．The disadvantages of new technology．
C．The benefits of new technology．
3．What can new technology bring the patients from the speech
A．Protecting them from strange diseases．
B．Asking for help all over the world．
C．Curing them of their illnesses．
第1小題詢問關于新的科技的相關信息。根據(jù)“The third advantage ... more and more seriously．”可知，新的科技能幫助保護環(huán)境。故選B。
第2小題詢問文章的主要內容。根據(jù)“In my opinion， there are three advantages ... more and more seriously．”可知，本文主要討論了“科技的優(yōu)勢”，C項中的“benefits”與短文中的“advantages”同義。故選C。
第3小題詢問新的科技可以為病人帶來什么。根據(jù)文中關于遠程診療援助的介紹“But people can talk about ... may help them．”可知，患者可以通過互聯(lián)網(wǎng)尋求來自全球任何地方的診療援助。故選B。
二、話題口語表達(開放型)
1．How do you understand the speaker's words？Do you agree with him/her
2．How do you think technology and AI will further influence the world
WELCOME UNIT
——Reading for Writing——
預習檢測 詞匯打卡
自主學習 課文語篇
目錄
CONTENTS
1
2
合作探究 課時重點
3
對點練習 鞏固所學
4
課后課時作業(yè)（一）
5
課后課時作業(yè)（二）
6
預習檢測 詞匯打卡
一、閱讀單詞及詞塊：寫出漢語含義
1．pros and cons____________________________
2．inaction n．____________________________
3．leather n． ______　[pl．]_______________
4．lever n．________________
5．panel n．_____________________________
6．inch n．___________________________________
7．niece n．_________________
事物的利與弊；支持與反對
無行動；不采取措施
皮革
皮衣；皮外套
操縱桿；杠桿
控制板；儀表盤；專家咨詢組
英寸(長度單位，等于2．54厘米)
侄女；外甥女
8．handkerchief n．__________________
9．lamp n．______________
10．puff n．___________________________________
11．jolt n． ________________　vt．& vi．_________________
12．flip vt．& vi．___________________________
13．stun vt．__________________
14．mud n．_________________
手帕；紙巾
燈；臺燈
(煙、氣等的)一縷；少量；喘息
震動；搖晃；顛簸
(使)震動；搖晃
(使)快速翻轉；(用手指)輕拋
使震驚；使昏迷
泥；泥漿
二、核心單詞：寫出英文單詞
1．____________ adj． 更好的；占優(yōu)勢的；(在級別或重要性上)更高的
2．_________ n． 勞動(者)；體力勞動　vi． 奮斗；努力工作
3．___________ adv． 向后；倒著；往回
4．_______ vt． (去)拿來；(去)請來
5．_______ n． 速度；步伐；節(jié)奏　vt．& vi． 確定速度；調整節(jié)奏
6．______ n． 強烈的欲望；沖動　vt． 催促；力勸；大力推薦
7．_________ adj． 隨機的；不可思議的
8．__________ adj． 最大極限的　n． 最大量；最大限度
superior
labour
backwards
fetch
pace
urge
random
maximum
三、拓展單詞：寫出下列單詞的詞性轉換(可查字典)
1．blurred adj． 模糊不清的；難以區(qū)分的→_____ v． (使)變得模糊不清；(使)視線模糊
2．hazy adj． 模糊的；朦朧的；困惑的→______ n． (煙塵等的)煙霧；薄霧；迷糊；迷蒙
3．division n． 分開；分隔；差異；除(法)；部門→______ v． (使)分開；分成……；分；除以
4．explode vi．& vt． 爆炸；爆破→__________ n． 爆炸；爆破；爆裂(聲)→____________ adj． 易爆炸的；可能引起爆炸的→__________ adv． 爆發(fā)地；爆炸性地；迅猛地
5．overstatement n． 夸大；夸張→____________ vt． 夸大；夸張
blur
haze
divide
explosion
explosive
explosively
overstate
四、熟詞生義：寫出熟義
grip 熟義：vt．& vi．______________
生義：n． 理解；了解
五、核心短語：寫出英語表達
1．____________ 比……更好；更勝一籌
2．_________ 占上風；取而代之；接管；接手
3．_____________ 與……沖突或抵觸
4．__________ 關掉；熄滅；在場；使朝外；結果是
5．__________ (逐漸)減少；消失
6．______________ 有強烈的欲望做某事
緊握；抓緊
superior to
take over
conflict with
turn out
fall away
have an urge to
自主學習　課文語篇
It was at ten o'clock today that the first of all Time Machines began its career1． I gave it a last check， and sat myself in the leather seat． I pushed the starting lever on the main panel forwards an inch then immediately backwards again． Looking around2， I saw my laboratory exactly as before． Had anything happened I thought my mind had tricked me． Then I saw the clock． A moment before， it was a minute or so past ten; now it was nearly half past three!
課文三維剖析
1______句，強調______
_______at ten o'clock today
2現(xiàn)在分詞短語作______
________
強調
THE TIME MACHINE(Adapted)
時間機器(改編版)
時間狀語
伴隨狀語
上午十點，所有時間機器中的第一臺啟動了其運轉之旅。我最后檢查了一遍機器，然后坐在皮椅上。我把主面板上的啟動桿往前推了一英寸，然后又立刻向后拉。環(huán)顧四周，我看到實驗室與以前一模一樣。發(fā)生什么事了嗎？我以為我的大腦欺騙了我。然后我看了下時鐘。片刻之前，大概是十點零一分，而現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)快三點半了！
3引導___________從句
4介詞短語前置引起的________句；_____是the day，_____是came，介詞短語in another moment作時間狀語
I drew a breath， gripped the lever and pushed it forwards． The laboratory went hazy around me． My niece came in to fetch something， maybe her handkerchief， apparently without seeing me． It probably took her a minute， but to me she moved like a rocket! I pushed the lever further． Night came as if3 a lamp was being turned out， and in another moment came the day4． Tomorrow night came， then skipped to day， again and again， faster and faster still．
方式狀語
全部倒裝
主語
謂語
我吸了一口氣，一把抓住操縱桿，往前推了一下。實驗室在我身邊變得模糊不清。我的侄女進來拿東西，也許是拿她的手帕，但她顯然沒看見我。她大約花了一分鐘時間，但在我看來，她的動作快如火箭！我把操縱桿再往前推了下。夜幕降臨了，仿佛一盞燈正在熄滅，轉眼間，白晝就來臨了。第二天夜晚降臨，接著又躍進到白天。如此反復，越來越快。
5 It是________，不定式短語to explain ... time travelling作____
_________
6引導_________從句
7引導______從句
8連接表示_____關系的并列句
It is hard to explain the strange and unpleasant feeling of time travelling5． It felt like I was being driven fast on a winding road． As6 my pace grew faster， the walls of the laboratory fell away， and I was left in the open air． The sun and moon looked as if7 they were being thrown across the sky， but8 soon there was division between night and day． Around me I saw trees growing like puffs of smoke; they grew， spread， and died in moments． I saw huge buildings rise up， then disappear like in a dream． The whole surface of the earth was being changed， melting and flowing before my eyes． I calculated that I was being pushed through time at hundreds of years a minute．
形式主語
真正的主語
時間狀語
表語
轉折
時間旅行帶來的陌生感和不適感是難以解釋的。我感到我好像坐在一部汽車里，飛馳在蜿蜒的道路上。我的速度越來越快，實驗室的墻壁隨之坍塌，我置身野外。太陽和月亮看起來似乎正被拋向天空，但是很快就有了晝夜之分。環(huán)顧四周，我看到樹木似青煙升起，不斷生長，變得枝繁葉茂，片刻之后枯亡。我看到大樓拔地而起，繼而消逝，猶如夢中。地球的整個表面都在變化，在我的眼前熔化、流動。我估算我一分鐘要穿越數(shù)百年的時間。
9引導____從句，修飾先行詞_________
10引導__________從句
11引導_________從句
I had a strong urge to look at the random things that9 were being flashed before my eyes! I had thought about the risk of stopping the Time Machine many times． So long as10 I travelled at maximum speed， it didn‘t matter． But if11 I stopped and the same space was being occupied by something else， we would be forced together and explode like a bomb! Like an impatient fool， I pulled the lever backwards hard． With a sudden jolt， the Time Machine was flipped on its side， and I was thrown through the air．
定語
things
條件狀語
條件狀語
我有一種強烈的欲望，想看看眼前那些隨機閃現(xiàn)的東西！我已多次考慮過停下時間機器的風險。只要我以最高的速度前進，就不會有什么問題。但是，如果我停下來，同一空間被別的東西占據(jù)，我們就會被擠在一起，然后像炸彈一樣爆炸！我就像一個失去耐心的傻瓜，使勁向后拉了下操縱桿。突然一震，時間機器側翻了，我被拋向了空中。
12引導_____從句，修飾先行詞__________
I was stunned for a moment， and then heard the sound of thunder． I was sitting in the rain in some mud next to the machine． “A fine welcome，” I said． “for a man who12 has travelled thousands of years to be here！”
我一時驚呆了，然后聽到雷聲。我坐在雨中的一堆爛泥上，時間機器躺在一旁。“對一個穿越了數(shù)千年才來到這里的人來說，這歡迎真是別開生面！”我說道。
定語
a man
(一)課文理解填空
閱讀領悟
give it a last check
skip to day
open air
random things
stun
(二)感知“我”每次推拉操縱桿的情感變化
hesitant
calm
decisive
eager
(三)判斷正誤(T/F)
1．All Time Machines began its career at ten o'clock today．(____)
2．I saw my niece moved like a rocket！(____)
3．It is hard to explain the strange and pleasant feeling of time travelling．(____)
4．I calculated that I was being pushed through time at hundreds of years a minute．(____)
5．With a sudden jolt， the Time Machine was thrown through the air．(____)
6．I was welcomed as a man who has travelled thousands of years to be here．(___)
F
T
F
T
F
T
合作探究 課時重點
探究一　熱詞
1．superior adj． 更好的；占優(yōu)勢的；(在級別或重要性上)更高的(教材P6)
superiority n． 優(yōu)越(性)；優(yōu)勢
superior to 比……更好；更勝一籌；優(yōu)于
superior in ... 在……方面占優(yōu)勢
have superiority over ... 優(yōu)于……
superiority in ... 在……方面的優(yōu)越性
①We have a relationship infinitely superior to those of many of our friends．
我們之間的關系遠比我們許多朋友之間的關系好得多。
②The company's products are superior in quality．
這家公司的產(chǎn)品在質量上占優(yōu)勢。
③The trained athlete has a clear superiority over the amateurs in the race．
訓練有素的運動員在比賽中明顯優(yōu)于業(yè)余選手。
④She demonstrated her superiority in mathematical skills during the competition．
在比賽中，她展示了她在數(shù)學技能上的優(yōu)勢。
　 (1)superior用作形容詞時，本身含有“較……”的意思，所以沒有比較級或最高級形式。
(2)“比……強”要用superior to，而不能用superior than。
【學會運用】單句語法填空
①This computer is superior ____many aspects．
②Human beings are superior ___animals in that they can use language as a tool to communicate．
③In other words， gossip is satisfying because it gives people a sense of belonging or even ____________(superior)．
【學會表達】完成句子
④認為男性在科學方面優(yōu)于女性的普遍假設是完全錯誤的。
The general assumption that _________________________________is completely wrong．
in
to
superiority
men are superior to women in science
2．urge n． 強烈的欲望；沖動　vt． 催促；力勸；大力推薦(教材P8)
urgent adj． 急迫的，緊急的
urgently adv． 迫切地；緊急地；急切地
urgency n． 緊迫；急迫；急事
have an urge to do sth 有強烈的欲望做某事
urge sb to do sth 催促/敦促某人做某事
urge on 鼓勵；激勵；鞭策
①It is actually very urgent for educators to think about the ethics of AI like ChatGPT．
實際上，教育工作者迫切需要思考像ChatGPT這樣的人工智能的倫理問題。
②Realizing the urgency， he found he had more things to tell， and the book is the result of that．
意識到這件事的緊迫性，他發(fā)現(xiàn)自己有更多的事情要講，這本書就是由此產(chǎn)生的。
③He had an urge to open a shop of his own．
他很想自己開一家店。
④I urge you to join forces and build trust for peace and security．
我敦促你們聯(lián)合起來，建立對和平與安全的信任。
⑤Urged on by the crowd， the Italian team scored two more goals．
在觀眾的鼓勵下，意大利隊又進了兩個球。
【學會運用】單句語法填空
①It is a matter of the utmost _______(urge) to find out what has happened to these people．
②You would be well advised to tackle this problem _________ (urgent)．
③The most _______(urge) thing in a fire is to make sure everyone is out of the building．
【學會表達】完成句子
④突然間，她有一種強烈的沖動，決心要完成一場完美的表演。
Suddenly， ______________________________to achieve a perfect performance．
⑤一位同事竭力勸王先生去看醫(yī)生，但他拒絕了。
A colleague _______________________, but Mr Wang refused．
urgency
urgently
urgent
u she had a strong urge to determine
urged him to see a doctor
3．random adj． 隨機的；不可思議的　n． 隨意，隨機(教材P8)
randomly adv． 隨便地，任意地；隨機地
a random sample/selection 隨機抽樣/選擇
at random 隨意地；隨機地；胡亂地
①In her study， participants were randomly assigned to two groups．
在她的研究中，參與者被隨機分為兩組。
②We asked a random sample/selection of people what they thought．
我們隨機選取了一些人，詢問他們的想法。
③The winning entry will be the first correct answer drawn at random．
從所有給出正確答案的參賽者中，隨機抽出的第一個將獲得大獎。
【學會運用】單句語法填空
①My phone seems to switch itself off ___________ (random)．
②We received several answers， and we picked one ____random．
【學會表達】翻譯
③該調查在北京和天津隨機抽取了2，000人的樣本。
____________________________________________________________________
randomly
at
The survey used a random sample of two thousand people across Beijing and Tianjin．
4．blurred adj． 模糊不清的；難以區(qū)分的→______ v． (使)變得模糊不清；(使)視線模糊
blur
The fast motion of the camera caused the image to blur， resulting in a blurred photograph．
相機的快速移動導致圖像變得模糊，結果是一張模糊的照片。
5．hazy adj． 模糊的；朦朧的；困惑的→_____ n． (煙塵等的)煙霧；薄霧；迷糊；迷蒙
The haze from the forest fire made the view hazy and difficult to see clearly．
森林火災產(chǎn)生的煙霧讓視野變得朦朧，難以看清。
haze
6．division n． 分開；分隔；差異；除(法)；部門→_______ v． (使)分開；分成……；分；除以
When the company grew too large to manage effectively， the CEO decided to divide it into smaller divisions， each with its own manager and responsibilities．
當公司規(guī)模變得過大而無法有效管理時，首席執(zhí)行官決定將其劃分為更小的部門，每個部門都有自己的經(jīng)理和職責。
divide
7．explode vi．& vt． 爆炸；爆破→_________ n． 爆炸；爆破；爆裂(聲)
→__________ adj． 易爆炸的；可能引起爆炸的→_____________ adv．爆
發(fā)地；爆炸性地；迅猛地
The police discovered a hidden explosive device in the abandoned building， but it accidentally exploded when defused， causing a loud explosion that shook the whole area．
警察在廢棄建筑中發(fā)現(xiàn)了一個隱藏的爆炸裝置，但在拆除時意外引爆，引發(fā)了巨大的爆炸聲，震動了整個地區(qū)。
explosion
explosive
explosively
【學會運用】單句語法填空
①The view from the top of the mountain was ______(haze) due to the thick fog．
②The memory of that day is _________(blur) in my mind; I can't remember all the details．
【學會表達】完成句子
③氣球“砰”的一聲爆炸了，把孩子們嚇了一跳。
The balloon ________________________，surprising the children．
④學校的學生群體分為三個部門：小學、中學和高中。
The school's student body _________________________ : elementary， middle， and high school．
hazy
blurred
exploded with a loud pop
is divided into three divisions
8　grip
[熟義] vt．& vi． 緊握；抓緊
[生義] n．______________
理解；了解
①The baby gripped my finger with her tiny hand．
嬰兒用她的小手抓緊我的手指。
②I couldn't get a grip on what was going on．
我無法理解正在發(fā)生的事情。
【學會運用】同義詞替換
①Grip the rope as tightly as you can．________
【學會表達】翻譯
②雖然蘇是生手，但她完全了解她工作的細節(jié)。
____________________________________________________________________
Grasp
Though Sue is a green hand， she‘s completely at grips with the details of her job．
探究二　短語
9．take over 占上風； 取而代之； 接管； 接手(教材P6)
over其他相關短語：
look over 從……上看過去；檢查；翻閱；瀏覽
blow over 平息；煙消云散
fall over 摔倒；跌倒；倒下
turn over 移交；翻過來
go over 仔細檢查；復習；通過；穿過
get over 從(不快或疾病中)恢復過來；克服，戰(zhàn)勝(困難)
think over 仔細考慮；認真思考
spread over 分散；傳開
①When the previous owner passed away， his nephew took over the family business．
前老板去世后，他的侄子接管了家族企業(yè)。
②The position enabled us to look over the lake with the sunset in the background．
這個位置使我們能夠以日落為背景俯瞰湖面。(景色描寫)
③They weren't speaking to each other， but I think it's blown over now．
他們沒有交談，但我想現(xiàn)在一切都結束了。
④It takes you a while to get over an illness like that．
這種病你需要一段時間才能痊愈。
⑤A series of five interviews will be spread over two days．
一共五次面談，分兩天進行。
【學會運用】用over的相關短語填空
①As soon as my front foot slipped， I lost my balance and _________．
②I suggest you should ___________your position．
③It took me a very long time to _________the shock of her death．
【學會表達】翻譯
④剩下的設備應移交上級機關。
______________________________________________________________
⑤他的公司負債后被另一家公司接管了。
__________________________________________________________
fell over
think over
get over
The remaining equipment should be turned over to the higher authorities．
His company was taken over by another one after it fell into debt．
10．fall away (逐漸)減少；消失(教材P8)
fall其他相關短語：
fall down 摔倒
fall apart 破碎；破裂；崩潰
fall behind 落后；掉隊
fall over 被……絆倒；意外地從……上跌落
fall in love with 愛上……
fall on適逢(某日)；降落在……上
fall into ruin 成為廢墟
fall to the ground 摔倒在地；失??；落空
①If you take this medicine， all your symptoms will fall away．
如果你服用這種藥物，你的所有癥狀將會消失。
②The old couch started to fall apart after years of heavy use．
這張舊沙發(fā)經(jīng)過多年的重度使用后開始散架。
③In recent years， the country has fallen behind in its development compared to its neighbors．
近年來，這個國家在發(fā)展上落后于鄰國。
④We fell in love with the car at first sight．
我們第一眼看到這輛車就喜歡上了它。
⑤He lost his balance and fell to the ground．
他失去平衡摔倒在地。(動作描寫)
【學會運用】單句語法填空
①Running in the hallways could cause a student to fall _______．
②What would you do if you saw a senior person fall ____the ground
③They used to be good friends， but fell _______last week．
【學會表達】完成句子
④地震過后，許多古代的雕塑都毀了。
_________________________________after the earthquake．
⑤由于缺少煤，電站的發(fā)電量減少了。
Owing to shortage of the coal， __________________________________．
down
to
apart
Many ancient sculptures fell into ruin
output from the power stations fell away
探究三　長難句分析
11．It was at ten o'clock today that the first of all Time Machines began its career．(教材P8)
上午十點，所有時間機器中的第一臺啟動了其運轉之旅。
【分析】　“It was ... that ...”為強調句型，此處強調時間狀語at ten o'clock today。
強調句型：
基本結構：It is/was＋被強調部分(通常為主語、賓語或狀語)＋that/who(強調主語且指人)＋其他
一般疑問句：“Is/Was it ... ＋that ...？”
特殊疑問句：“特殊疑問詞＋is/was it＋that ...？”
“not ... until ...”句型的強調結構為 “it is/was not until ... that ...”
強調謂語時，用“do/does/did＋動詞原形”
①He bought the book in this shop yesterday．
→It was he that/who bought the book in this shop yesterday． (強調主語he)
→It was the book that he bought in this shop yesterday． (強調賓語the book)
→It was in this shop that he bought the book yesterday． (強調地點狀語in this shop)
→It was yesterday that he bought the book in this shop． (強調時間狀語yesterday)
昨天他在這家商店買了這本書。
②Was it ten years ago that his father died
他的父親是十年前去世的嗎？
③It was not until the rain stopped that I went home．
直到雨停了我才回家。
④Do be careful with the experiment you're doing．
做實驗時一定要小心。
【學會運用】單句語法填空
①It was when I got back to my apartment ____I first came across my new neighbors．
②It was ____ until she collected enough material that she began to create her new novel．
③She rarely speaks at our meeting， but when she _____(do) speak， she is always to the point．
【學會表達】翻譯
④他是因為生病才沒有來嗎？
_________________________________________
that
not
does
Is it because he is ill that he can't come
對點練習 鞏固所學
維度一　高頻詞匯
(一)寫出下列單詞和短語的英文
1．______ n． 操縱桿；杠桿
2．______ n． 侄女；外甥女
3．___________ adv． 向后；倒著；往回
4．________ adj． 隨機的；不可思議的
5．_____ vt． 使震驚，使昏迷
lever
niece
backwards
random
stun
6．__________________ 有強烈的欲望做某事
7．___________ 與……沖突或抵觸
8．__________ 占上風；取而代之；接管；接手
9．__________ (逐漸)減少；消失
10．__________ 比……更好；更勝一籌
have an urge to do sth
conflict with
take over
fall away
superior to
(二)寫出下列句子中加黑部分的漢語釋義
1．To ensure safety， the maximum weight limit for this lift is 500 kilograms．
____________
2．He blew a puff of smoke into the air， looking thoughtful．______
3．He labored for many years to earn enough money to buy a house．__________
4．We jolted along rough wet roads through an endless banana plantation．______
5．He set up a three man panel to advise him．_____________
最大極限的
一縷
努力工作
搖晃
專家咨詢組
維度二　語境運用
(三)根據(jù)語境填入恰當?shù)膬热?br/>1．This may have been an improvement， but “breakthrough” was an ______________(overstate)．
2．It is said that the winning numbers are _________(random) selected by computer．
3．At work， robots will take ______most jobs in the manufacturing industries．
4．There were two loud ___________(explode) and then the building burst into flames．
5．While you have the iron on， you‘ll just finish those ______________________
(handkerchief)．
overstatement
randomly
over
explosions
handkerchieves/handkerchiefs
(四)用方框中單詞的正確形式替換下列句子中的加黑部分
1．I was astonished and not a little shocked by what she said．_________
2．He's just gone to get the doctor from hospital．_______
3．Through the hazy window， I could barely make out the figure of a person walking in the distance．_________
4．Most people walk at an average step of 5 kilometres an hour．_______
5．He made a casual remark that didn't mean much to anyone．________
stunned
blur， pace， random， stun， fetch
fetch
blurred
pace
random
維度三　能力提升
(五)長難句分析
(2024· 新課標Ⅰ卷)These observations now outnumber the primary data that comes from physical specimens， and since we are increasingly using observational data to investigate how species are responding to global change， I wanted to know: Are they usable
句意：現(xiàn)在，這些觀察結果的數(shù)量超過了來自實物標本的原始數(shù)據(jù)，而由于我們越來越多地使用觀察數(shù)據(jù)來研究物種如何應對全球變化，我想知道：這些觀察數(shù)據(jù)可靠嗎？
分析：本句是一個并列復合句。前一分句中的that引導____從句，修飾先行詞_____________；后一分句中的since引導____________從句，how引導______從句，作動詞investigate的賓語。
定語
the primary data
原因狀語
賓語
(六)句型轉換
1．Someone flipped the table during the fight．(改為被動語態(tài))
→____________________________________________
2．Her image of calm， control， and discipline appealed to millions of voters．(改為強調句，強調主語)
→_____________________________________________________________________________
The table was flipped during the fight by someone．
It was her image of calm， control， and discipline that appealed to millions of voters．
維度四　素養(yǎng)提升
(七)根據(jù)所給漢語，完成下列句子
1．The human mind will always be __________(更勝一籌) machines．
2．If so， your points of view are bound to ___________(與……沖突) hers．
3．The houses ___________(逐漸消失) as we left the city．
superior to
conflict with
fell away
(八)翻譯
1．隨著高考的來臨，我們的老師敦促我們努力學習。(urge)
_________________________________________________________________________________
2．直到她到了辦公室，她才意識到她昨晚忘了關空調。(強調句)
___________________________________________________________________________________________________
Our teachers urge us to study hard with the College Entrance Examination drawing near．
It was not until she arrived at the office that she realized she had forgotten to turn off the air conditioning last night．
課后課時作業(yè)（一）
較易題(占比30%)　中檔題(占比70%)　拔高題(占比0%)
題號 Ⅰ Ⅱ
A B
難度 ★ ★★ ★★
Ⅰ　閱讀
A
(2024·遼寧省七校協(xié)作體高二下月考)At the end of 2019， I learned that Here After AI， whose goal is to let the living communicate with the dead， was looking for applicants of its new AI project． Interested in what it was promising， I applied to experiment the software on my very much alive parents．
At first， I thought it would be just a fun project to see what was technologically possible． Then their health condition added some urgency to the experiment． I was frightened that my parents might die since my father had been diagnosed with cancer and my mother was recently developing symptoms of early Alzheimer‘s disease， and that with the distance between us， I might never have the chance to say goodbye．
The first step was an interview． My parents were asked questions by a technician for hours—about everything from their earliest memories to what they believe will happen after they die． Whether through illness generated concerns or a willingness to humor their daughter， my parents put up zero resistance． The company then took their responses and started to create the voice assistants． A few months later， my virtual parents arrived via email attachment．
When I communicated with them through the app on my phone， my hands were shaking． I hadn‘t seen my actual， real parents for six months． They told me personal stories I’d never heard． They gave me life advice and told me things about their childhoods， as well as my own． It was mesmerizing．
Personally， I have mixed feelings about my experiment． I'm glad to have my virtual parents．They've enabled me to learn new things about my parents， and it's comforting to think that those softwares will be there even when my parents aren't． On the other hand， I can't help but find it sad that it took a stranger interviewing my parents for me to properly appreciate the complex people they are． But I feel lucky to have had the chance to grasp that and to still have the precious opportunity to spend more time with them and learn more about them， face to face， no technology involved．
篇章導讀：本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了作者參與Here After AI項目，通過AI技術與虛擬的父母進行交流的經(jīng)歷和感受。
1．Why did the author initially join the AI project
A．To test out the new technology．
B．To preserve her parents' voice．
C．To learn more about her parents' life．
D．To remove the worry about her parents‘ health．
解析：細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“At first， I thought ... was technologically possible．”可知，作者最初加入這個項目的主要目的是測試新技術可能是什么樣子。故選A。
2．What can we learn about the author's parents
A．They liked talking a lot．
B．They died from the illnesses．
C．They opposed joining the project at first．
D．They provided data for the project．
解析：細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的“My parents were asked questions ... started to create the voice assistants．”可知，作者的父母為項目提供了數(shù)據(jù)。故選D。
3．What does the underlined word “mesmerizing” mean in Paragraph 4
A．Alarming． B．Fascinating．
C．Inspiring． D．Disgusting．
解析：詞義猜測題。根據(jù)第四段中的“I hadn't seen my actual ... as well as my own．”可知，作者已有六個月沒有見過自己真正的父母了，他們向作者講述了以前作者從沒聽過的個人故事，給予作者人生建議，告訴作者他們童年的事情，以及關于作者的事情，這是令人著迷的。畫線詞意為“令人著迷的”。故選B。
4．What does the author realize at last
A．AI means never saying goodbye to our parents．
B．The advances in AI technology have pros and cons．
C．The real connection with our parents matters most．
D．AI allows us to learn more about our virtual parents．
解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“But I feel lucky ... no technology involved．”可知，作者感到很幸運，有寶貴的機會能夠面對面地與他們相處，更多地了解他們，無需任何技術的介入，由此可推知，作者意識到了與父母的真正聯(lián)系是最重要的。故選C。
B
(2024·江蘇省南京市高二下月考)Laughter comes in many forms， from a polite and quiet laugh to a great hearty laugh． Scientists are now developing an AI system to recreate different laughs in proper social contexts． The team behind the laughing robot Erica said that the system could improve natural conversations between people and an AI robot． “We think that one of the important functions of conversational AI is empathy，” said Dr Koji Inoue， the lead author of the research． “So we decided that one way a robot can empathize with its users is to share their laughter．”
The team have set out to teach their AI system the art of conversational laughter． They gathered training data from more than 80 daily dialogues between male subjects and the robot that was initially operated by four actresses remotely． The dialogue data was grouped into social laughs (where polite or embarrassed laughter isn‘t involved) and laughter of joy． Based on the audio files， the algorithm (算法) learned the basic characteristics of social laughs， which tend to be softer， and merry laughs， with the aim of mirroring these inappropriate situations．
“Our biggest obstructor in the work was identifying the actual cases of shared laughter because as you know， most laughter is actually not shared at all，” said Inoue． “We had to carefully decide exactly which laughs we could use for our analysis and we couldn‘t just assume that any laugh can be responded to． It was really not easy work．” The team said laughter could help create robots with their own distinct character although it could take more than 20 years before it would be possible to have a casual chat with a robot like we would with a friend．
篇章導讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了科學家正在研究一款可以笑的機器人。
“One of the things we‘d keep in mind is that a laughing robot or algorithm will never be able to understand you or the meaning of laughter，” points out Prof． Sandra Wachter of the Oxford Internet Institute． “But with their development， they might get very good at tricking you into believing they understand what’s going on．”
5．Why did Inoue's team develop the AI system
A．To better understand human empathy．
B．To promote the social skills of robots．
C．To explore the differences between laughs．
D．To assist robots in identifying people’s moods．
解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中的“Scientists are now developing an AI system ... an AI robot．”可知，科學家們目前正在開發(fā)一種人工智能系統(tǒng)，在適當?shù)纳缃画h(huán)境中重現(xiàn)不同的笑聲。該團隊表示，該系統(tǒng)可以提高人與人工智能機器人之間的自然對話。由此可推知，該團隊開發(fā)人工智能系統(tǒng)是為了提高機器人的社交技能。故選B。
6．What can robot Erica probably do at present
A．Repeat the details of the 80 dialogues．
B．Distinguish people by hearing their laughs．
C．Recreate a scene played by the four actresses．
D．Master the features of laughs provided by data．
解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段內容可知，該團隊已經(jīng)開始教授機器人談笑的藝術，數(shù)據(jù)包括了笑的特征，由此可推知，機器人Erica (埃里卡)可能掌握了目前數(shù)據(jù)提供的笑的特征。故選D。
7．What does the underlined word “obstructor” in Paragraph 3 mean
A．Potential． B．Barrier．
C．Alternative． D．Division．
解析：詞義猜測題。根據(jù)第三段中的“Our biggest obstructor ... It was really not easy work．”可知，現(xiàn)在確定分享笑聲的實際案例不是一件容易的事情，這是研究人員工作中最大的“障礙”，由此可知，obstructor意為“障礙”。故選B。
8．Which of the following can be the best title for the text
A．Are AI systems going beyond human ability
B．Can conversational AI really understand us
C．Laughing robots are round the corner
D．Robots become laughing masters
解析：標題判斷題。通讀全文可知，文章主要介紹了科學家正在研究一款可以笑的機器人。C項(會笑的機器人即將問世)最適合作為文章標題。故選C。
Ⅱ　應用文寫作
(2024·云南師范大學附屬中學高二下月考)假定你是李華，隨著科技的發(fā)展，機器人將成為人們生活中的一部分，為了讓同學們更好地了解機器人，你校決定舉行主題為“The Development and Application of Robots”的演講比賽。你有意向參加，請你用英語寫一篇演講稿，內容包括：
1．機器人的發(fā)展；
2．機器人的應用。
注意：1．寫作詞數(shù)應為80個左右；
2．可以適當增加細節(jié)，以使行文連貫。
﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍
﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍
﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍
[精彩范文]
Good morning， everyone!
It's my great honor to deliver my speech on the Development and Application of Robots．
With the development of science and technology， robots will surely play a more and more important role in many aspects． To begin with， they will be good helpers in people's daily life like helping people do the housework． Besides， robots will be widely used in the medical field． For example， nanobots are a new technique for fighting cancer cells． As for education， they are an effective way to stimulate students' interest in learning， especially pupils'．
That‘s all． Thank you for listening．
閱讀下面材料，根據(jù)其內容和所給段落開頭語續(xù)寫兩段，使之構成一篇完整的短文。
(2024·江蘇省鎮(zhèn)江市八校高二下聯(lián)考)I was always the little girl who played with magnets on the kitchen floor． I pieced together model roller coasters and exhausted a lot of science kits． Learning from my dad as he designed robots， I formed my own ideas， including an automatic breakfast machine． At 14 years old， I applied to my high school’s Academy of Science， Engineering， and High Technology．As is unfortunately
讀后續(xù)寫
typical in engineering， female students were critically underrepresented in this academy—there were a mere twenty of us out of ninety total students． This was a tough challenge for me: as an ambitious female engineer， I needed to advocate my own talents and abilities in a field where women are often marginalized (邊緣化)．
Within the first month of the freshman year， we began our first project: a wooden can crusher (壓罐器)． I had worked on projects with boys before， but those were nothing like this． The three of us had one month to research， design， build， and test our device—a month full of arguing and frustration． My suggestions were turned down． And I was assigned the “default (默認的) female role” of timekeeper and documentation． I wasn‘t expected to be capable of contributing to anything else． We finished with a functional can crusher， but I knew this was not how I wanted to continue as a female engineer．
By the time junior year rolled around， it was time to face the year long Engineering Design and Development (EDD) project and state competition． When I agreed to work with two other girls， I had no idea that this would entirely change my perspective of my ability as a team member， a leader and an engineer． For this competition， we created a garage parking aid to help drivers prevent side view mirror damage． Within our team， we created a safe space where we all valued each other‘s input and carried equal responsibilities． After countless experiments and sleepless nights， we were awarded third place at EDD State， which helped me find the confidence I didn’t have before．
注意：
1．續(xù)寫詞數(shù)應為150個左右；
2．請按如下格式在相應位置作答。
Then came the final year long project for me， an academy senior． ﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍
Thanks to all these experiences， I’ve grown a lot．﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍
1．Read for characters (人物)
I，_______________,_______________
2．Read for conflict/problems (沖突/問題)
I needed to advocate my own talents and abilities in a field where __________________________．
5R解讀故事
boy teammates
women are often marginalized
two other girls
3．Read for plot (情節(jié))
4．Read for emotional changes (情感變化)
The three of us had one month to research， design， build， and test our device—a month full of _________and _________． After countless experiments and sleepless nights， we were awarded third place at EDD State， which helped me find the ____________I didn't have before．
5．Read for theme (主題)
_____________________________________________， I succeeded in the final year long project．
arguing
frustration
confidence
Dreaming of becoming an ambitious female engineer
Step 1：先寫最后一句(主題句)
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Step 2：再寫銜接句(第一段的最后一句)
_____________________________________________
I have been determined to succeed as a biomedical engineer， designing and innovating medical equipment to improve healthcare and human life．
4步確定框架
I felt proud I bravely soldiered on my dreams．
Step 3：根據(jù)所給段首語句寫角色的情感
第一段：
I created a team of people whom ____________and who __________________． I felt __________of my team．
第二段：
I think I have gained ______________________for myself and the abilities as a leader and a strong team member． I know I‘ll encounter many thistles and thorns in the future life， but I ______________．
I respected
respected me in return
proud
the courage to stand up
don’t fear
Step 4：補全續(xù)寫每段的中間內容
第一段：
As a group of two guys and two girls， we all brainstormed， calculated， designed and constructed together． I remember the numerous times when we washed oil and metal remains off our hands together after the laborious work． I also remember we once _______________several technical problems; however， we _______________to tackle them． After what seemed like centuries， a two passenger， gasoline powered go kart ______________． The other day， when we tested it out at the top speed of 27 mph， we ___________． At that moment， I felt _________of my team．
got stuck with
spared no effort
was completed
felt excited
proud
第二段：
In the process of growth， I learn to be _______． I understand the meaning of ____________and ___________． I want to ______________for cultivating my interest in engineering．
patient
confidence
cooperation
thank my dad
寫前導讀：本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述了作者夢想成為一名工程師，然而，在大一的一個木制壓罐器的項目中作者因為是女性而被邊緣化。為了改變這種狀況，作者在大三時與兩個女孩合作參加了EDD州際比賽并獲得了第三名。最后一學年的項目比賽來臨，作者會怎樣應對？作者收獲了什么？
[精彩范文]
Then came the final year long project for me， an academy senior． I created a team of people whom I respected and who respected me in return． As a group of two guys and two girls， we all brainstormed， calculated， designed and constructed together． I remember the numerous times when we washed oil and metal remains off our hands together after the laborious work． I also remember we once got stuck with several technical problems; however， we spared no effort to tackle them． After what seemed like centuries， a two passenger， gasoline powered go kart was completed． The other day， when we tested it out at the top speed of 27 mph， we felt excited． At that moment， I felt proud of my team． I felt proud I bravely soldiered on my dreams．
Thanks to all these experiences， I‘ve grown a lot． I think I have gained the courage to stand up for myself and the abilities as a leader and a strong team member． In the process of growth， I learn to be patient． I understand the meaning of confidence and cooperation． I want to thank my dad for cultivating my interest in engineering． I know I’ll encounter many thistles and thorns in the future life， but I don‘t fear． I have been determined to succeed as a biomedical engineer， designing and innovating medical equipment to improve healthcare and human life．
情節(jié)邏輯(范文和自己想的有何不同)
語言表達(原文和范文中有哪些表達更地道更準確) 1．
2．
3．
課后課時作業(yè)（二）
較易題(占比30%)　中檔題(占比40%)　拔高題(占比30%)
題號 Ⅰ Ⅱ
A B
難度 ★ ★★★ ★★
Ⅰ　閱讀
A
(2024·山西省太原市高二下期中)
Artificial Intelligence Professional Program
Stanford Online Artificial Intelligence courses let you virtually step into the classrooms of Stanford professors who lead the AI revolution． The courses， beginning on Wednesday May 1， are based on Stanford graduate courses， but adapted for the needs of working professionals．
Before enrolling in your first course， you need to apply for an online interview with your professor (15 20 minutes)． The interaction allows you to tell your professor about your interest in joining， as well as confirm that you meet the essential requirements (Proficiency in Python， College Calculus， Linear Algebra and Probability Theory)．
The courses will equip you with the skills and confidence to：
Learn basic AI technologies to operate AI models and tools．
Evaluate performance of AI models accurately．
Carry out search algorithms to find the shortest paths and plan motions for the general use robots．
Guard against various types of cyber crimes to keep information safe．
What you will earn：
You‘ll earn a Stanford Professional Certificate in Artificial Intelligence when you successfully complete either three 10 week courses in the AI professional education program or two courses in the AI professional education program plus one course in the AI graduate program． All the courses in the program will be accessible through Wednesday July 31．
篇章導讀：本文是一篇應用文。文章主要介紹了斯坦福大學在線人工智能課程的相關信息。
1．What is necessary to enter for the program according to the text
A．A graduate certificate． B．A Stanford's scholarship．
C．An interview on the Internet． D．A professor‘s recommendation．
解析：細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“Before enrolling in ... your professor (15 20 minutes)．”可知，報名的必要條件是先進行網(wǎng)上面試。故選C。
2．Which of the following skills can be gained from the program
A．Updating AI models． B．Maintaining cyber security．
C．Predicting future accurately． D．Inventing robots with new functions．
解析：細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)The courses will equip you with the skills and confidence to部分中的“Guard against ... keep information safe．”可知，維護網(wǎng)絡安全可以從課程中獲得。故選B。
3．How long will the program last
A．Four weeks． B．Two months．
C．Ten weeks． D．Three months．
解析：細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的“The courses， beginning on Wednesday May 1”以及What you will earn部分中的“All the courses ... through Wednesday July 31．”可知，這個項目將從5月1日持續(xù)到7月31日，歷時三個月。故選D。
B
(2024·湖北省鄂東南省級示范高中聯(lián)盟高二下期中)A simple sponge (海綿) has improved how robots grasp， scientists from the University of Bristol have found． This easy to make device can help stiff robots handle delicate items carefully by mimicking the touch， or variable stiffness， of a human．
Robots can skip and jump， but they‘re too rigid to hold an egg easily． Variable stiffness devices are potential solutions for reducing damage to hard robots， or for improving the load capacity of soft robots．
This study， published at the IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA) 2023， shows that variable stiffness can be achieved by a silicone (硅膠) sponge．
Lead author Tianqi Yue from the University of Bristol explained， “Robotic arms are too rigid (僵硬的) so they cannot make such a soft human like grasp on delicate objects， for example， an egg． What makes humans different from robotic arms is that we have soft tissues enclosing rigid bones， which act as a natural mitigating (緩和的) mechanism． In this paper， we managed to develop a soft device with variable stiffness， to be mounted on the end of a robotic arm to make the robot object contact safe．”
Silicone sponge is just like the cleaning sponge used in everyday tasks． By pressing the sponge， the sponge stiffens， which is why it can be transformed into a variable stiffness device．
This device could be used in industrial robots and service robots to make human robot interaction safer．
Mr Yue added， “We managed to use a sponge to make a cheap but effective device that can help robots achieve soft contact with objects． The great potential comes from its low cost and light weight． We believe this silicone sponge based variable stiffness device will provide a novel solution in industry and healthcare．”
篇章導讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章主要從特點和優(yōu)勢兩方面介紹了一種可以幫助機器人處理易碎物品的裝置。
The team will now look at making the device achieve variable stiffness in multiple directions．
4．What does the underlined word in Paragraph 1 probably mean
A．Stimulating． B．Imitating．
C．Restoring． D．Demonstrating．
解析：詞義猜測題。根據(jù)畫線詞所在句“This easy to make device ... of a human．”可知，這個易于制作的裝置可以幫助僵硬的機器人通過模仿人類的觸摸或可變剛度來小心地處理易碎物品。畫線詞意為“模仿”。故選B。
5．Which of the following robots can be dealt with by a variable stiffness device
A．Robots that are unable to grasp objects．
B．Robots that are too rigid to skip and jump．
C．Robots that are incapable of getting around．
D．Robots that lack the capacity to grasp fragile stuff．
解析：細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段內容可知，缺乏抓住易碎物品能力的機器人可以用可變剛度裝置來解決這個問題。故選D。
6．Why is silicone sponge selected to be an ideal solution
A．It has natural soft tissues．
B．It is inexpensive and lightweight．
C．It can help robots achieve contact with objects．
D．It can function as a cleaning instrument once pressed．
解析：細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的“We managed to use a sponge ... and light weight．”可知，選擇硅膠海綿作為理想的解決方案是因為它既便宜又輕便。故選B。
7．What's the purpose of the text
A．To persuade． B．To entertain．
C．To educate． D．To inform．
解析：推理判斷題。通讀全文可知，文章主要從特點和優(yōu)勢兩方面介紹了一種可以幫助機器人處理易碎物品的裝置。由此可推知，文章的目的是告知。故選D。
Ⅱ　七選五
(2024·山東省臨沂市高二下期末)Does alien life exist It's a question many people have tried to answer． __1__ AI is a type of program that allows a computer to learn from experience and perform tasks that usually require human intelligence． AI works by taking in lots of data， then making predictions based on it．
The research team used their AI method to analyze different materials and determine whether they were biotic (生物性的) or abiotic． __2__
To train the AI program， the researchers gave it data on 134 biotic and abiotic materials． The program then used that knowledge to predict whether things like human hair， bones， teeth， eaves， coal， and chemicals were alive or not． __3__
__4__ “We may be able to find a life form from another planet，” said Robert Hazen of the Carnegie Institution for Science in Washington， DC．“If we do find signs of life elsewhere， we can tell if life on Earth and other planets derived from a common or different origin．” For now， though， the team is focused on ancient rock samples from Earth to learn more about life on our own planet and where it originated． For example， the tool could be used to settle a disagreement among scientists about 3．5 billion year old rocks from Western Australia． __5__ However， others think the rocks just have unusual patterns．
The AI could also be used to examine samples from Mars collected by the Perseverance over． NASA put this wheeled robot on the red planet to search for evidence that Mars has the right conditions to support life． Perseverance is gathering rock samples that will be brought to Earth in 2033．
A．People's answers are various．
B．Some experts believe AI can't tell their origin．
C．The researchers said the AI was 90% accurate．
D．The scientists also think the AI tool could detect alien life forms．
E．Some experts believe the rocks contain Earth's oldest fossil samples．
F．Now scientists have identified a new method for finding alien life using AI．
G．The AI also could tell whether a biotic sample was currently living or a fossil．
篇章導讀：篇章導讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了一種新的方法，即使用人工智能來尋找外星生命。
1．答案：F
解析：根據(jù)前文“Does alien life exist ... tried to answer．(外星生命存在嗎？這是一個很多人都試圖回答的問題。)”可知，F(xiàn)項(現(xiàn)在，科學家們發(fā)現(xiàn)了一種利用人工智能尋找外星生命的新方法。)承接前文。故選F。
2．答案： G
解析：根據(jù)前文“The research team ... biotic (生物性的) or abiotic．”可知，本段主要講述人工智能在分析材料方面的運用。G項(人工智能還可以判斷生物樣本目前是活的還是化石。)承接前文。故選G。
3．答案：C
解析：根據(jù)前文“To train the AI program ... were alive or not．”可知，本段講述研究人員如何訓練人工智能。C項(研究人員表示，人工智能的準確率為90%。)承接前文，說明訓練的結果。故選C。
4．答案： D
解析：根據(jù)后文“We may be able to ... in Washington， DC．”可知，本段講述人工智能能幫助探測生命形式。D項(科學家們還認為，這種人工智能工具可以探測到外星的生命形式。)引出后文。故選D。
5．答案： E
解析：根據(jù)前文“For example ... from Western Australia．(例如，這個工具可以用來解決科學家們對來自西澳大利亞的大約35億年前的巖石的分歧。)”可知，E項(一些專家認為這些巖石含有地球上最古老的化石樣本。)承接前文，講述對巖石的研究。故選E。
單元寫作
單元寫作——短篇科幻故事
科幻故事是根據(jù)科學知識編寫出來的故事，大多是虛構的，需要發(fā)揮自己的想象力。在寫科幻故事時，不必加入太多科學原理，只要能自圓其說、有緣有故即可。不過，一般情況下，所寫的科幻故事不能只是幻想，還要揭示一些道理。另外，在寫作時也要注意以下幾點：
1．科幻故事類文章和記敘文一樣，常用一般過去時來敘述故事的起因、經(jīng)過和結果。
2．科幻故事需要豐富的語言，因此要重點掌握詞匯和句式的運用，只有這樣才能使文章豐滿、充實而不空洞。
3．雖然短篇科幻故事需要發(fā)揮自己的想象力，但也要在結尾體現(xiàn)出積極正面的思想，不可以一味天馬行空地放飛想象，要找準落腳點，才能精準點題。
It was hot at night and I couldn't fall asleep in the tent， ________________(起因)． The sky was clear and ______________ (特別現(xiàn)象)．
Suddenly a bright light flashed across the sky and ________________ (描述一)， which looked just like the one in the book I had read during the day． I quickly hid behind a stone and ________________ (描述二)． He walked into my tent and came out with something in his hand． The UFO then flew away． I immediately ran into my tent and ________________ (描述三)．
I was so puzzled that I couldn't believe what I had seen． But I decided that the next time the alien came， ________________ (結局)．
1．It's exciting to imagine a life with robots to satisfy our various needs．
想象有機器人滿足我們各種需求的生活，這很令人興奮。
2．As science and technology develop， life in the future will be greatly different from what it is today．
隨著科技的發(fā)展，未來的生活將與今天的生活大不相同。
3．Robots were easy to see everywhere and people were working busily at a rapid pace．
機器人隨處可見，人們以一種快節(jié)奏忙碌地工作著。
※開頭常用句式
1．After a long time， we landed another planet， where I saw many aliens．
過了很長一段時間，我們登陸了另一個星球，在那里我看到了很多外星人。
2．In a small laboratory tucked away in a remote corner of the world， she was focusing on her latest research project．
在世界偏遠角落的一個小實驗室里，她正專注于她最新的研究項目。
3．The floating city will be located on a man made island， which will be almost entirely covered by plants．
這座漂浮城市將建在一座人工島上，島上幾乎完全被植物覆蓋。
※主體段落常用句式
4．Looking around， I found myself surrounded by many smart devices．
環(huán)顧四周，我發(fā)現(xiàn)自己被許多智能設備包圍。
5．Travel will be easier for us because we have more advanced tools．
旅行對我們來說將會更容易，因為我們有更先進的工具。
6．By using robots， we can do a lot of things that we didn't have the ability to do in the past．
使用機器人，我們可以做很多我們過去沒有能力做的事情。
1．How I wish to fly into the future world with the time machine!
我多么想通過時間機器飛進未來的世界！
2．Taking everything into consideration， we have great confidence in building new homes for humans on Mars．
綜合考慮各種因素，我們很有信心在火星上建造人類的新家園。
3．In conclusion， I think life in the future will be much better than it is now．
總之，我認為未來的生活會比現(xiàn)在好得多。
※結尾常用句式
你校學生會正在舉辦科幻故事征文比賽，請你寫一個關于時間機器的故事參加比賽。
注意：1．寫作詞數(shù)應為80個左右；
2．可以適當增加細節(jié)，以使行文連貫。
參考詞匯：摩天大樓skyscraper
﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍
[精彩范文]
In a laboratory， Dr Evan stood by his latest invention—a time machine． With a mix of excitement and anticipation， he adjusted the controls， setting the destination to a century in the future．
As he stepped into the machine， a red flash illuminated him． Suddenly， Dr Evan emerged in a world he couldn‘t have imagined．
Skyscrapers reached towards the clouds， and cars glided through the air． The future was a marvel， yet it felt oddly empty without the familiarity of the past． Realizing the value of his own time， Dr Evan quickly set the machine to return． Back in his laboratory， Dr Evan smiled， knowing he had witnessed the miracle of time travel． But he also understood that no matter how far technology advanced， the true essence of life lay in the moments we lived， not just the places we visited．

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