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英語　選擇性必修·第四冊(cè)［RJ］
Section Ⅱ　Learning About Language
——Build up your vocabulary——
一、構(gòu)詞法
Affix (prefix/suffix) 含義 例詞
dis 表示否定；分離，分開；朝不同方向 dismiss， distinct， discipline， disadvantage， distance
de 分離；破壞；向下 declare， demonstrate， delight， decline， design
ment 名詞詞尾，表示狀態(tài)，性質(zhì) appointment， overstatement， payment， agreement， management
ity 名詞詞尾，表示狀態(tài)，性質(zhì) integrity， dignity， Christianity， adversity， ability
二、將表示“錢”的單詞填到合適的句子中(wage/bonus/income/fare)
1．Tourism is critical to the area， for it is a major source of income．
2．According to the latest policy， children and senior citizens travel at half fare．
3．Working at the coal mine， he received his wage on Fridays．
4．At the end of year， you are to receive a Christmas bonus ranging from $50 to $100．
——Discover useful structures——
一、閱讀單詞：寫出漢語含義
1．rumour n． 謠言；傳聞
2．fare n． 車費(fèi)；船費(fèi)；飛機(jī)票價(jià)
3．weekly adj． 每周的　n． 周刊
4．chairwoman n． 女主席；女董事長；女委員長
5．gramme n． 克(重量單位)
6．flour n． 面粉；(谷物磨成的)粉
7．venue n． 活動(dòng)場地(如音樂廳、會(huì)場等)
8．salesman n． 售貨員；推銷員
二、核心單詞：寫出英文單詞
1．presume vt．& vi． 假設(shè)；假定
2．calculate vt． 計(jì)算；核算；預(yù)測
三、熟詞生義：寫出熟義
alien 熟義：n． 外星人(生物)；外國人
生義：adj． 陌生的；外星的；外國的；不熟悉的；格格不入的
四、核心短語：寫出英語表達(dá)
on a ．．． basis 根據(jù)；以……的方式(基準(zhǔn))
寫出下列句子中的被動(dòng)語態(tài)
1．(2024·新課標(biāo)Ⅰ卷)I've been motivated—and demotivated—by other folks' achievements all my life．have been motivated—and demotivated
2．(2024·新課標(biāo)Ⅱ卷)Though overtourism is described as a problem affecting the entire world， it's actually concentrated to a small number of extremely popular spots． is described; is concentrated
3．(2024·全國甲卷)“I was very impressed by the doctors and their assistants working and living in such little space but still staying focused and very concerned，” says Ducke． was impressed
4．(2024·浙江高考1月)Each child was told if they waited for 15 minutes before eating the treat，they would be given a second treat． was told; would be given
5．Now， the students is being shown how to use the new machine． is being shown
6．In the past few years， the friendship has been strengthened by both China and Russia． has been strengthened
7．WWF hopes that more and more wild animals will be protected in the future．will be protected
8．Victoria went to the bookstore on Sunday morning， only to be told that it was being decorated．to be told; was being decorated
探究一　熱詞
1．presume vt．& vi． 假設(shè)；假定；認(rèn)為；擅自(教材P4)
presumption n． 假設(shè)；假定 presume (that) ．．． 假設(shè)……；假定……；認(rèn)為…… presume to do sth 擅自做某事 presume on/upon 利用
①There is a general presumption that the doctor knows best．
一般人都以為醫(yī)生最了解情況。
②I presume (that) they're not coming， since they haven't replied to the invitation．
我認(rèn)為他們不會(huì)來了，因?yàn)樗麄冞€沒有回復(fù)邀請(qǐng)。
③I wouldn't presume to tell you how to run your own business．
我不會(huì)擅自告訴你如何經(jīng)營自己的企業(yè)。
【學(xué)會(huì)運(yùn)用】單句語法填空
①The decision is based on the presumption (presume) that all information must be freely available．
②You should never presume on/upon a person's good nature．
【學(xué)會(huì)表達(dá)】翻譯
③我認(rèn)為你們所有人都有信仰。
I presume that all of you have faith．
2．calculate vt． 計(jì)算；核算；預(yù)測；認(rèn)為；作打算(教材P4)
calculation n． 計(jì)算；估計(jì)；預(yù)測 calculator n． 計(jì)算器 be calculated to do 打算做，蓄意做 be calculated for 為適合……而設(shè)計(jì)；適合于…… calculate on 期待；指望 It is calculated that ．．． 據(jù)計(jì)算……
①He has calculated that it would take him two years to save up enough for a car．
他估計(jì)要花兩年的時(shí)間才能攢夠買一輛車的錢。
②By my calculation(s)，we made a profit of ￡20，000 last year．
據(jù)我計(jì)算，去年我們賺了2萬英鎊。
③His speech was calculated to stir up the crowd．
他的講話有意鼓動(dòng)群眾。
④We're calculating on an early start．
我們期待早點(diǎn)出發(fā)。
【學(xué)會(huì)運(yùn)用】單句語法填空
①Use these figures as an approximate guide in your calculations (calculate)．
②This advertisement is calculated to attract (attract) the attention of housewives．
③You can calculate on your family to support you．
【學(xué)會(huì)表達(dá)】翻譯
④他們已估算出去年至少47，000人次失去了工作。
They have calculated that at least 47，000 jobs were lost last year．
3　alien
[熟義] n． 外星人(生物)；外國人 [生義] adj． 陌生的；外星的；外國的；不熟悉的；格格不入的
①The city was suddenly invaded by thousands of aliens， causing widespread panic．
這座城市突然被數(shù)千名外星人入侵，引起了廣泛的恐慌。
②I soon realized in this alien environment that I was going to need help．
我很快意識(shí)到，在這個(gè)陌生的環(huán)境中，我需要幫助。
③The child felt alien in the new school because he was the only one who spoke a different language．
這個(gè)孩子在新學(xué)校里感到格格不入，因?yàn)樗俏ㄒ灰粋€(gè)說不同語言的人。
【學(xué)會(huì)運(yùn)用】同義詞替換
①There was once a young man who came to an alien city to work after graduation．unfamiliar
【學(xué)會(huì)表達(dá)】翻譯
②這個(gè)奇怪的生物看起來像是來自遙遠(yuǎn)星系的外星人。
The strange creature appeared to be an alien from a distant galaxy．
③作為一個(gè)剛來這座城市的人，他感覺自己仿佛身處一個(gè)陌生的地方，不確定該去哪里或該做什么。
As a newcomer to the city， he felt like he was in an alien place， unsure of where to go or what to do．
探究二　短語
4．on a ．．． basis 根據(jù)；以……的方式(基準(zhǔn))(教材P4)
basis n． 基礎(chǔ)；要素；理由；根據(jù) base vt． 以……為根據(jù)/基礎(chǔ)；基于　n． 根基；底座；基礎(chǔ) basic adj． 最重要的；基本的；必需的　n． 基本要素；基本原則 on the basis of 根據(jù)，按照 base ．．． on ．．． 以……作為……的基礎(chǔ)/依據(jù) be based on/upon 以……為基礎(chǔ)/依據(jù)
①The arrangement was welcomed by the owners， who will receive the rent money on a yearly basis．
這一安排受到了業(yè)主們的歡迎，他們將按年收取租金。
②He based his conclusions on the evidence given by the captured prisoners．
他根據(jù)被俘囚犯提供的證據(jù)得出結(jié)論。
③Three of the new products are based on traditional herbal medicines．
其中三種新產(chǎn)品是以傳統(tǒng)草藥為基礎(chǔ)的。
【學(xué)會(huì)運(yùn)用】單句語法填空
①Her views are based on/upon years of engagement with the problems of the inner city．
②We're going to keep announcing more changes like these on a regular basis．
【學(xué)會(huì)表達(dá)】翻譯
③我們公司每個(gè)禮拜舉行一次會(huì)議。
A meeting is held on a weekly basis in our company．
探究三　被動(dòng)語態(tài)(復(fù)習(xí))
被動(dòng)語態(tài)：語態(tài)是動(dòng)詞的一種形式，用來說明主語和謂語動(dòng)詞之間的關(guān)系。英語動(dòng)詞有兩種語態(tài)：主動(dòng)語態(tài)和被動(dòng)語態(tài)。主動(dòng)語態(tài)表示主語是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，被動(dòng)語態(tài)表示主語是動(dòng)作的承受者。
語法點(diǎn)1　構(gòu)成
be＋動(dòng)詞的過去分詞，口語中也用“get/become＋動(dòng)詞的過去分詞”表示。常用時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)構(gòu)成：
一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)＋被動(dòng)語態(tài) am/is/are＋動(dòng)詞的過去分詞
一般過去時(shí)＋被動(dòng)語態(tài) was/were＋動(dòng)詞的過去分詞
一般將來時(shí)＋被動(dòng)語態(tài) will be＋動(dòng)詞的過去分詞
過去將來時(shí)＋被動(dòng)語態(tài) would be＋動(dòng)詞的過去分詞
現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)＋被動(dòng)語態(tài) am/is/are being＋動(dòng)詞的過去分詞
過去進(jìn)行時(shí)＋被動(dòng)語態(tài) was/were being＋動(dòng)詞的過去分詞
現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)＋被動(dòng)語態(tài) has/have been＋動(dòng)詞的過去分詞
過去完成時(shí)＋被動(dòng)語態(tài) had been＋動(dòng)詞的過去分詞
含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài) 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞＋be＋動(dòng)詞的過去分詞
語法點(diǎn)2　用法
不知道或沒必要提到動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者時(shí)用被動(dòng)語態(tài)；強(qiáng)調(diào)或突出動(dòng)作的承受者時(shí)常用被動(dòng)語態(tài)(含有 by 的短語有時(shí)可以省略)。
(1)使用被動(dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)應(yīng)注意的問題
1)主動(dòng)語態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)，賓語成主語。在see， watch， hear， notice， listen to， look at， make， feel等動(dòng)詞(短語)后作賓語補(bǔ)足語的動(dòng)詞不定式都不帶to；但變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)后要帶 to；這時(shí)不定式為主語補(bǔ)足語。
The boss made him work all day long．
→He was made to work all day long (by the boss)．
老板讓他整天都工作。
2)主動(dòng)語態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)雙賓語的變化。含有直接賓語和間接賓語的主動(dòng)語態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)有兩種情況：
把間接賓語變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)的主語，直接賓語仍保留原來位置。
把直接賓語變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)的主語，間接賓語前要加介詞 to 或 for。
My friend gave me an interesting book on my birthday．
→I was given an interesting book (by my friend) on my birthday．
→An interesting book was given to me (by my friend) on my birthday．
我的朋友在我生日時(shí)送給我一本有趣的書。
3)動(dòng)詞短語變被動(dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)，勿要掉“尾巴”。有些動(dòng)詞短語相當(dāng)于及物動(dòng)詞，可以有被動(dòng)語態(tài)，但動(dòng)詞短語是一個(gè)不可分割的整體，變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)不可去掉動(dòng)詞短語中的介詞或副詞。這類動(dòng)詞短語包括：look after， talk about， set up， put off， put up with， pay attention to， take care of等。
You should pay attention to your pronunciation and spelling．
→Your pronunciation and spelling should be paid attention to．
你應(yīng)該注意你的發(fā)音和拼寫。
4)be going to， be to， be sure to， have to 等變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)，將它們后面的動(dòng)詞原形變?yōu)椤癰e＋動(dòng)詞的過去分詞”。
We are going to repair this watch in two days．
→This watch is going to be repaired in two days．
我們打算在兩天內(nèi)修好這塊手表。
(2)不能用被動(dòng)語態(tài)的情況
1)所有的不及物動(dòng)詞(短語)。
2)表示狀態(tài)的謂語動(dòng)詞，如last， hold， contain， fit， cost等。
3)表示歸屬的動(dòng)詞(短語)，如have， own， belong to等。
4)表示“希望、意圖、喜好”的動(dòng)詞，如wish， want， hope， like， love， hate等。
(3)常用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)含義的情況
1)當(dāng)feel， look， smell， taste， sound等后面接形容詞時(shí)。
The fish smells good．
這魚聞起來味道不錯(cuò)。
2)當(dāng)cut， read， sell， wear， write， wash等作為不及物動(dòng)詞，表示主語(通常為物)的內(nèi)在“品質(zhì)”或“性能”時(shí)。
This kind of cloth washes easily．
這種布料好洗。
3)當(dāng)動(dòng)詞表示“開始、結(jié)束、關(guān)、停、轉(zhuǎn)、啟動(dòng)”等意思時(shí)。
The door won't lock．
這門無法鎖上。
4)happen， occur， break out， take place， work out， come about等動(dòng)詞(短語)表示“發(fā)生、制定”等意思時(shí)。
How did the crazy situation come about
這種瘋狂的局面是如何發(fā)生的？
5)want， require， need 后常接動(dòng)名詞，用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)含義。
All the old carpets need replacing．
所有的舊地毯都需要(被)更換。
(4)被動(dòng)語態(tài)與系表結(jié)構(gòu)的區(qū)別
此處的系表結(jié)構(gòu)指“連系動(dòng)詞＋過去分詞(作表語)”結(jié)構(gòu)，它與被動(dòng)語態(tài)的形式完全一樣。要注意它們的區(qū)別：
被動(dòng)語態(tài)強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作；系表結(jié)構(gòu)表示主語的特點(diǎn)或狀態(tài)。
①The book was sold by a certain bookstore． (被動(dòng)語態(tài))
這本書在一家特定的書店出售。
②We were surprised at the unexpected news． (系表結(jié)構(gòu))
聽到這個(gè)意外的消息，我們感到驚訝。
(1)單句語法填空
①Over the past twenty years， great progress has been made (make) in China．
②If you break the traffic rules， you will be fined (fine)．
③What is being held (hold) in the new sports stadium now
④In the 1950s in the USA， most families had just one phone at home， and wireless phones hadn't been invented (not invent) yet．
(2)完成句子
①我姐姐得到了一個(gè)出國深造的好機(jī)會(huì)。
My sister was offered a good chance to go abroad for further education．
②如果你想更好地理解一本書，就必須讀不止一遍。
A book must be read more than once if you want to understand it better．
③我很榮幸能被邀請(qǐng)?jiān)谌斯ぶ悄艽髸?huì)上發(fā)言。
I am honored to be invited to speak at the AI Conference．
④已經(jīng)采取了一切可能的手段來防止空氣污染，但天空仍然不晴朗。
Every possible means has been used to prevent the air pollution， but the sky is still not clear．
維度一　高頻詞匯
(一)寫出下列詞綴的含義及例詞
1．dis →否定；分離→dismiss; distinct
2．de →分離；破壞→declare; decline
3． ment→狀態(tài)，性質(zhì)→appointment; management
4． ity→狀態(tài)，性質(zhì)→integrity; dignity
(二)選詞填空
rumour， fare， chairwoman， alien， weekly
1．A suitable answer has already been put forward by the chairwoman．
2．Many movies have been made about aliens coming to the earth．
3．I set aside some time every week to do my weekly shopping．
4．There's a strange rumour going around at the moment about Peter．
5．During peak hours， taxi fares tend to be higher due to increased demand．
維度二　語法運(yùn)用
(三)單句語法填空
1．Over 2，200 years ago， Chengdu was threatened (threaten) by frequent floods．
2．In recent years， much research has been conducted (conduct) on the wildlife protection．
3．The parts of a museum open to the public are called (call) galleries or rooms．
4．Is it possible that human workers will be replaced (replace) by robots in the near future
5．It is recommended that detailed eye examination (should) be done (do) every six months．
維度三　素養(yǎng)提升
(四)根據(jù)所給漢語，完成下列句子
1．根據(jù)她的資歷，她被選中做這份工作。
She was chosen for the job on the basis of her qualifications．
2．在英國法律中，一個(gè)人在被證明有罪之前被假定為無罪。
In English law， a person is presumed innocent until proved guilty．
3．前面那條路現(xiàn)在正在被維修，所以我們必須走另外一條路。
Right now the road ahead is being repaired， so we have to take another way．
(五)翻譯
1．據(jù)計(jì)算，地球到月球的距離大約是384，400公里。
It is calculated that the distance from Earth to the Moon is about 384，400 kilometers．
2．第一個(gè)機(jī)器人是由Joseph F． Engelberger于1959年發(fā)明的。
The first robot was invented in 1959 by Joseph F． Engelberger．
課后課時(shí)作業(yè)
較易題(占比70%)　中檔題(占比30%)　拔高題(占比0%)
題號(hào) Ⅰ Ⅱ Ⅲ
難度 ★★ ★ ★
Ⅰ　完形填空
(2024·重慶市第七中學(xué)高二下月考)Whenever photographer Casey Ryan heads into the wilderness， he brings along his drone (無人機(jī)) to capture photographs from a bird's eye view． Having the __1__ device with him on a recent trip to the Cascades Mountain Range in Oregon saved his and another person's __2__．
Casey was __3__ through the Willamette National Forest when he __4__ a stranger whose vehicle was stuck． Casey __5__ to help get it out without hesitation． __6__， he got his own vehicle stuck in a ditch while trying to help， leaving both people in __7__ with no cell phone service for miles around．
Casey immediately assessed the __8__ and recalled a movie he'd seen recently in which a character used a drone to lift his phone high enough to capture a __9__ in a similar situation， so he __10__ his device and got to work．
First， he attached his cell phone __11__ to his drone． Then， he typed a series of messages to his wife． He told her where he was located in the park， and then launched the drone into the air． Somewhere up there over the tall trees， it __12__ a signal and whoosh! All of Casey's texts were __13__．
Rescuers arrived and saved both Casey and the other driver． Who knows， maybe future drones will have built in __14__ features added to it __15__ this photographer's practice． We'd buy a phone drone!
篇章導(dǎo)讀：本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了攝影師Casey Ryan (凱西·瑞恩)在最近一次前往俄勒岡州喀斯喀特山脈的旅行中，利用隨身攜帶的無人機(jī)，救了他和另一個(gè)人的生命。
1．A．preserving B．detecting
C．repairing D．flying
答案：D
解析：preserve 保護(hù)；detect 發(fā)現(xiàn)；repair 修理；fly 飛行；疾馳。根據(jù)上文“he brings along ．．． a bird's eye view”可知，無人機(jī)屬于飛行裝置。故選D。
2．A．lives B．photos
C．strength D．money
答案：A
解析：life 生命；photo 照片；strength 力量；money 錢。根據(jù)下文“Rescuers arrived ．．． the other driver．”可知，他隨身攜帶的飛行裝置救了他和另一個(gè)人的生命。故選A。
3．A．searching B．driving
C．wandering D．slipping
答案：B
解析：search 搜索；drive 開車；wander 徘徊；slip 滑倒。根據(jù)下文“he got his own vehicle stuck in a ditch while trying to help”可知，Casey開車穿過威拉米特國家森林。故選B。
4．A．rang up B．came across
C．got rid of D．kept track of
答案：B
解析：ring up 打電話；come across 偶遇；get rid of 擺脫；keep track of 跟蹤；記錄。根據(jù)下文“a stranger whose vehicle was stuck”可知，他遇到了一個(gè)陌生人。故選B。
5．A．managed B．pretended
C．volunteered D．denied
答案：C
解析：manage 設(shè)法做到；pretend 假裝；volunteer 自愿做；deny 否認(rèn)。根據(jù)下文“to help get it out without hesitation”可知，Casey毫不猶豫地自愿幫忙。故選C。
6．A．Unnaturally B．Generally
C．Unfortunately D．Gradually
答案：C
解析：unnaturally 不自然地；generally 普遍地；unfortunately 不幸地；gradually 逐漸地。根據(jù)上文內(nèi)容和下文“he got his own vehicle stuck in a ditch”可知，上下文存在轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，此處表示不幸的是，他自己的車陷入了溝里。故選C。
7．A．peace B．trouble
C．charge D．silence
答案：B
解析：peace 和平；trouble 困境；charge 收費(fèi)；silence 沉默。根據(jù)上文“a stranger whose vehicle was stuck”及“he got his own vehicle stuck in a ditch”可知，兩人都陷入了困境。故選B。
8．A．standard B．damage
C．evidence D．situation
答案：D
解析：standard 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)；damage 損壞；evidence 證據(jù)；situation 情況。根據(jù)下文“a similar situation”可知，Casey立即對(duì)情況進(jìn)行了評(píng)估。故選D。
9．A．bird B．picture
C．signal D．radiation
答案：C
解析：bird 鳥；picture 圖片；signal 信號(hào)；radiation 輻射。根據(jù)下文“Somewhere up there over the tall trees， it __12__ a signal and whoosh！”可知，此處指使用無人機(jī)將手機(jī)舉得足夠高去捕獲信號(hào)。故選C。
10．A．put aside B．gave away
C．pulled out D．broke up
答案：C
解析：put aside 暫時(shí)擱置；give away 泄露；pull out 拿出，拔出；break up 分解。根據(jù)下文“his device and got to work”可知，他拿出他的設(shè)備開始工作。故選C。
11．A．securely B．a(chǎn)ccidentally
C．freely D．dramatically
答案：A
解析：securely 牢固地，安全地；accidentally 偶然地；freely 自由地；dramatically 顯著地。根據(jù)上文“he attached his cell phone”可知，為了防止手機(jī)掉落，Casey把手機(jī)牢固地綁在無人機(jī)上。故選A。
12．A．turned up B．came up
C．spoke up D．picked up
答案：D
解析：turn up 調(diào)高；出現(xiàn)；come up 走近；speak up 大聲說； pick up 接收信號(hào)。根據(jù)上文“used a drone ．．． capture a__9__”和下文“All of Casey's texts were __13__．”可知，手機(jī)接收到了信號(hào)。故選D。
13．A．typed B．hidden
C．delayed D．sent
答案：D
解析：type 打字；hide 躲藏；delay 延期；send 發(fā)送。根據(jù)上文“Somewhere up there over the tall trees， it __12__ a signal and whoosh！”可知，手機(jī)接收到了信號(hào)，所以短信都發(fā)出去了。故選D。
14．A．emergency B．camera
C．lighting D．identity
答案：A
解析：emergency 緊急情況；camera 照相機(jī)；lighting 燈光；identity 身份。根據(jù)上文“l(fā)eaving both people in __7__ with no cell phone service for miles around”可知，兩人都陷入了困境，此處指未來的無人機(jī)可能會(huì)有內(nèi)置的應(yīng)急功能。故選A。
15．A．consistent with B．in case of
C．thanks to D．depending on
答案：C
解析：consistent with 與……一致；in case of 以防；thanks to 多虧，由于；depend on 依靠。根據(jù)下文“this photographer's practice”可知，由于這位攝影師的實(shí)踐，未來的無人機(jī)可能會(huì)有內(nèi)置的應(yīng)急功能。故選C。
Ⅱ　七選五
(2024·廣東省東莞市厚街中學(xué)高二下月考)If you think of the jobs robots could never do， you would probably put doctors and teachers at the top of the list． It's easy to imagine robot cleaners and factory workers， but some jobs need human connection and creativity． But are we underestimating (低估) what robots can do __1__ Also， some patients might feel more comfortable sharing personal information with a machine than a person． __2__
British education expert Anthony Seldon thinks so． And he even has a date for the robot takeover of the classroom: 2027． __3__ And teachers will be like assistants． Intelligent robots will read students' facial expressions， body movements and maybe even brain signals． Then they will adapt the information to each student． It's not a popular opinion and it's unlikely robots will ever have empathy (同感) and the ability to really connect with humans like another human can．
One thing is certain， though． __4__ In some parts of the world， there aren't enough teachers and 916 percent of children under the age of 14 don't go to school． That problem could be partly solved by robots because they can teach anywhere．
Teachers all over the world are leaving because it is a difficult job and they feel overworked． Perhaps the question is not “Will robots replace teachers？” but “How can robots help teachers？” Office workers can use software to do things． __5__ If robots could cut the time teachers spend marking homework and writing reports， teachers would have more time and energy for the parts of the job humans do best．
A．Teachers can be replaced by robots．
B．A robot teacher is better than no teacher at all．
C．Teachers waste a lot of time doing non teaching work．
D．He predicts robots will do the main job of transferring information．
E．Could there be a place for robots in education after all
F．Robots can save time that teachers spend in teaching in classroom．
G．In some cases， they already perform better than doctors at diagnosing (診斷) illness．
篇章導(dǎo)讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章指出，雖然機(jī)器人可能無法像人類一樣建立情感和連接，但它們可以在教育領(lǐng)域發(fā)揮重要的輔助作用。
1．答案：G
解析：根據(jù)前文“But are we underestimating (低估) what robots can do？”可知，此處提出疑問即我們是否低估了機(jī)器人的能力。設(shè)空處應(yīng)該對(duì)此問題進(jìn)行回答。G項(xiàng)(在某些情況下，它們?cè)谠\斷疾病方面的表現(xiàn)已經(jīng)超過了醫(yī)生。)承接前文，回答前文提出的問題。故選G。
2．答案：E
解析：根據(jù)后文“British education expert ．．． of the classroom: 2027．”可知，Anthony Seldon (安東尼·塞爾登)認(rèn)為機(jī)器人能夠在教育中起到作用，甚至還為機(jī)器人接管教室定下了日期。E項(xiàng)(機(jī)器人究竟能在教育中占有一席之地嗎？)引出后文。故選E。
3．答案：D
解析：根據(jù)后文“And teachers will be like assistants．(老師就像助手一樣。)”可知，D項(xiàng)(他預(yù)測機(jī)器人將承擔(dān)傳遞信息的主要工作。)引出后文，指出在未來機(jī)器人將承擔(dān)傳遞信息的主要工作，而老師則像助手一樣。故選D。
4．答案：B
解析：根據(jù)后文“In some parts of the world ．．． don't go to school．(在世界上的一些地方，沒有足夠的教師， 9%～16%的14歲以下兒童無法上學(xué)。)”可知，B項(xiàng)(機(jī)器人老師總比沒有老師好。)引出后文，指出機(jī)器人老師能夠解決世界上有些地區(qū)沒有足夠老師的問題。故選B。
5．答案：C
解析：根據(jù)后文“If robots could cut the time ．．． the parts of the job humans do best．”可知，機(jī)器人能夠減少教師批改作業(yè)和寫報(bào)告的時(shí)間，這樣會(huì)給老師節(jié)省更多的時(shí)間和精力，由此可知，教師存在在非教學(xué)的工作中浪費(fèi)時(shí)間的問題。C項(xiàng)(教師在非教學(xué)工作上浪費(fèi)了很多時(shí)間。)引出后文。故選C。
Ⅲ　語法填空
(2024·湖南省長沙市雅禮中學(xué)高二下月考)
Seeing Math on the Page
Math and literature are probably two of the subjects that bring students headaches． However， scientists wonder __1__ the beauty of math can be found in literary works． A UK mathematician Sarah Hart， who presents some interesting thoughts about “three” in her book， __2__ (argue) that the beauty of this number is indeed evident in many works of western literature and languages．
“Three” is the minimum number with __3__ a two dimensional shape can be defined． For example， three sticks can create __4__ triangle， a stable structure． Many common phrases are in three words， such as “ready， set， go”． Some nursery rhymes have a word __5__ (repeat) three times， such as “row， row， row your boat”． In stories， there are usually three main characters and for a series of __6__ (novel)， there are usually three books rather than four．
Why is it always the third son who behaves differently from his two older brothers， thus __7__ (win) the princess Hart explains that obviously we require two repetitions to get to know the pattern， so that the breaking of the pattern in the third character can surprise or amuse us．
__8__ (similar)， another study by researchers at the University of Vermont also connected math and storytelling． They analyzed more than 1，300 fiction books and arranged for 10，000 words from the books to be rated by 50 participants on a happiness scale of 1 to 9． Then the ratings __9__ (categorize) into different graphs， which showed how the readers' emotions changed while reading． It turned out that each story fit perfectly into one of six basic graphs， a mathematical pattern．
“The idea that one would have to choose between mathematics and literature is something __10__ a tragedy，” Hart says． “The two fields are fundamentally linked”．
1．________　2．________　3．________　4．________
5．________　6．________　7．________　8．________
9．________　10．________
篇章導(dǎo)讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了數(shù)學(xué)家Sarah Hart (莎拉·哈特)將數(shù)學(xué)和文學(xué)結(jié)合起來，在文學(xué)作品中發(fā)現(xiàn)數(shù)學(xué)之美。
1．答案：whether/if
解析：考查賓語從句的連接詞。設(shè)空處引導(dǎo)賓語從句，此處表示科學(xué)家想要看看是否在文學(xué)作品中可以找到數(shù)學(xué)之美。從句不缺成分，設(shè)空處表示“是否”，應(yīng)用whether或if。故填whether/if。
2．答案：argues
解析：考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和主謂一致。根據(jù)上文presents可知，此處應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，且主語為A UK mathematician Sarah Hart。故填argues。
3．答案：which
解析：考查定語從句的引導(dǎo)詞。此處為“介詞＋關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語從句，先行詞為number，指物，且關(guān)系詞代替先行詞在從句中作介詞with的賓語。故填which。
4．答案：a
解析：考查冠詞。此處泛指一個(gè)三角形，應(yīng)用不定冠詞，且triangle的發(fā)音以輔音音素開頭。故填a。
5．答案：repeated
解析：考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。repeat與賓語a word之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，應(yīng)用過去分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語。故填repeated。
6．答案：novels
解析：考查名詞。短語a series of修飾復(fù)數(shù)名詞，意為“一系列的……”。故填novels。
7．答案：winning
解析：考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。win與the third son之間為主動(dòng)關(guān)系，應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在分詞作結(jié)果狀語，表示自然而然的結(jié)果。故填winning。
8．答案：Similarly
解析：考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。此處應(yīng)用副詞similarly作評(píng)注性狀語，對(duì)整個(gè)句子進(jìn)行評(píng)價(jià)，意為“同
樣地”，位于句首，單詞首字母應(yīng)大寫。故填Similarly。
9．答案：were categorized
解析：考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)和主謂一致。categorize與主語ratings之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，此處講述過去發(fā)生的事情，應(yīng)用一般過去時(shí)，且主語是復(fù)數(shù)。故填were categorized。
10．答案：of
解析：考查介詞。句意：“人們必須在數(shù)學(xué)和文學(xué)之間做出選擇的想法在某種程度上是一種悲劇，”哈特說。“這兩個(gè)領(lǐng)域從根本上是聯(lián)系在一起的。”短語something of意為“在某種程度上；有點(diǎn)”。故填of。
　精深閱讀
(2024·江蘇省鎮(zhèn)江市高二下期中)Scientists are embracing artificial intelligence (AI)—from developing “self driving” laboratories to replacing human participants in social science experiments with robots． Many disadvantages of AI systems have been discussed． In an article published in Nature， social scientists say that AI systems carry a further risk: that researchers perceive such tools as possessed of superhuman abilities when it comes to objectivity， productivity and understanding complex concepts．
Scientists planning to use AI “must evaluate these risks now”， write co authors Lisa Messeri and Molly Crockett． The article is a warning about what could be lost if scientists embrace AI systems without thoroughly considering such risks．
Messeri and Crockett examined around 100 papers and books， published mainly over the past five years． From these， they put together a picture of the ways in which scientists see AI systems as enhancing human capabilities．
In one “vision”， which they call AI as Oracle， researchers see AI tools as able to tirelessly read and digest scientific papers． In another vision， called AI as Arbiter， systems are perceived as evaluating scientific findings more objectively than do people． In a third vision， AI as Quant， AI tools seem to perform better than the human mind in analyzing data sets．
Messeri and Crockett also predict risks that arise from these visions． One is the illusion of explanatory depth， in which people relying on another person—or， in this case， an algorithm (算法)—for knowledge are likely to mistake that knowledge for their own． Another risk is that research becomes skewed (偏頗的) towards studying the kinds of things that AI systems can test．
If you're a scientist planning to use AI， you can reduce these dangers through a number of strategies． All members of the scientific community must view AI use not as unavoidable for any particular task， but rather as a choice with risks and benefits that must be carefully weighed．
篇章導(dǎo)讀：本文是一篇議論文。文章主要論述了人工智能系統(tǒng)的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，即研究人員在客觀性、生產(chǎn)力和理解復(fù)雜概念方面將這些工具視為具有超人的能力。
1．What is a further risk that AI systems carry according to Paragraph 1
A．They perform better than humans．
B．Researchers overestimate their capabilities．
C．They are able to understand complex concepts．
D．Researchers use them in self driving laboratories．
答案：B
解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的“In an article ．．． understanding complex concepts．(發(fā)表在《自然》雜志上的一篇文章中，社會(huì)科學(xué)家們說，人工智能系統(tǒng)還帶來了另一個(gè)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)：研究人員認(rèn)為這些工具在客觀性、生產(chǎn)力和理解復(fù)雜概念方面具有超人的能力。)”可知，人工智能系統(tǒng)帶來的進(jìn)一步風(fēng)險(xiǎn)是研究人員高估了它們的能力。故選B。
2．What does Paragraph 4 mainly tell us about AI
A．Its benefits in analyzing scientific data．
B．Its roles in helping doing scientific research．
C．Its strengths in digesting scientific papers．
D．Its advantages in evaluating scientific findings．
答案：B
解析：段落大意題。根據(jù)第四段內(nèi)容可知，在三個(gè)“愿景”中，研究人員分別認(rèn)為人工智能工具能夠不知疲倦地閱讀和消化科學(xué)論文，比人類更客觀地評(píng)估科學(xué)發(fā)現(xiàn)和在分析數(shù)據(jù)集方面似乎比人類表現(xiàn)得更好。由此可知，第四段主要講述了人工智能在幫助進(jìn)行科學(xué)研究方面的作用。故選B。
3．What is the illusion of explanatory depth
A．Finding the accuracy in algorithm．
B．Denying the mistake of algorithm．
C．Accepting the complexity of algorithm．
D．Considering algorithmic insights as personal understanding．
答案：D
解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的“One is the illusion ．．． for their own．”可知，解釋深度的錯(cuò)覺是指依賴他人或算法獲取知識(shí)的人很可能將這些知識(shí)誤認(rèn)為是自己的。由此可知，解釋深度的錯(cuò)覺是指將算法的見解視為個(gè)人理解。故選D。
4．What's the author's attitude towards the use of AI in scientific community
A．Cautious． B．Approving．
C．Unclear． D．Intolerant．
答案：A
解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“All members of ．．． be carefully weighed．”可知，科學(xué)界的所有成員都必須將人工智能的使用視為一種選擇，而不是任何特定任務(wù)不可避免的選擇，必須仔細(xì)權(quán)衡其風(fēng)險(xiǎn)和益處。由此可推知，作者對(duì)于人工智能在科學(xué)界的應(yīng)用持謹(jǐn)慎的態(tài)度。故選A。
精深閱讀——好詞句小練
(一)熱詞
1．embrace v． 欣然接受，樂意采納
2．productivity n． 生產(chǎn)力；生產(chǎn)率
3．capability n． 能力，才能
4．depth n． 深度，縱深
5．unavoidable adj． 不可避免的
(二)高頻短語
6．a(chǎn)rise from 產(chǎn)生于；起因于
7．rely on 依賴
8．in this case 在這種情況下
9．be likely to do sth 有可能做某事
10．a(chǎn) number of 許多；大量
(三)根據(jù)語境填入恰當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容
1．You can enjoy all the benefits (benefit) and privileges of club membership．
2．Productivity (product) in the steel industry improved by five percent last year．
3．She ought to be thoroughly (thorough) ashamed of herself—talking to her mother like that!
(四)寫出下列句子中黑體部分的漢語釋義
4．This strategy could cause more problems than it solves．策略
5．He could no longer distinguish between illusion and reality．幻想
6．I weighed the benefits of the plan against the risks involved．權(quán)衡，認(rèn)真考慮
(五)用方框中單詞的正確形式替換下列句子中的黑體部分
digest， perceive， reduce
1．I saw a change in his behaviour．perceived
2．Unemployment is rising again and retail buying has fallen off．reduced
3．He paused， waiting for her to understand the information．digest
(六)長難句分析
The article is a warning about what could be lost if scientists embrace AI systems without thoroughly considering such risks．
句意：這篇文章警告說，如果科學(xué)家在沒有充分考慮這些風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的情況下接受人工智能系統(tǒng)，可能會(huì)失去什么。
分析：主干是The article is a warning about ．．．；what引導(dǎo)賓語從句；if引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句；considering such risks為動(dòng)名詞短語作介詞without的賓語。
(七)根據(jù)所給漢語，完成下列句子
1．When the car was first built， the design was viewed as (被認(rèn)為) highly original．
2．When it comes to speaking in public (說到公開發(fā)言)， no one can match him．
(八)仿寫句子
Another risk is that research becomes skewed (偏頗的) towards studying the kinds of things that AI systems can test．(表語從句)
仿寫：事實(shí)是他所有的財(cái)富都是靠工作掙來的。
The fact is that he earned all his wealth by working．
3(共91張PPT)
WELCOME UNIT
UNIT 1　SCIENCE FICTION
單元主題：人與自我——科學(xué)幻想與科學(xué)現(xiàn)實(shí)
Section Ⅱ　Learning About Language
——Build up your vocabulary——
Affix (prefix/suffix) 含義 例詞
dis 表示_____；_____，分開；朝不同方向 ______， distinct， discipline， disadvantage， distance
de _____；_____；向下 ________， demonstrate， delight， decline， design
ment 名詞詞尾，表示__________ _____________, overstatement， payment， agreement， management
ity 名詞詞尾，表示__________ __________， dignity， Christianity， adversity， ability
否定
一、構(gòu)詞法
分離
dismiss
分離
破壞
declare
狀態(tài)，性質(zhì)
appointment
狀態(tài)，性質(zhì)
integrity
二、將表示“錢”的單詞填到合適的句子中(wage/bonus/income/fare)
1．Tourism is critical to the area， for it is a major source of _________．
2．According to the latest policy， children and senior citizens travel at half _____．
3．Working at the coal mine， he received his ______on Fridays．
4．At the end of year， you are to receive a Christmas _______ranging from $50 to $100．
income
fare
wage
bonus
WELCOME UNIT
——Discover useful structures——
預(yù)習(xí)檢測 詞匯打卡
自主學(xué)習(xí) 課時(shí)語法
目錄
CONTENTS
1
2
合作探究 課時(shí)重點(diǎn)
3
對(duì)點(diǎn)練習(xí) 鞏固所學(xué)
4
課后課時(shí)作業(yè)
5
預(yù)習(xí)檢測 詞匯打卡
一、閱讀單詞：寫出漢語含義
1．rumour n．_______________
2．fare n．___________________________
3．weekly adj． _________　n．_______
4．chairwoman n．_______________________________
5．gramme n．_________________
6．flour n．________________________
7．venue n．__________________________
8．salesman n．_________________
謠言；傳聞
車費(fèi)；船費(fèi)；飛機(jī)票價(jià)
每周的
周刊
女主席；女董事長；女委員長
克(重量單位)
面粉；(谷物磨成的)粉
活動(dòng)場地(如音樂廳、會(huì)場等)
售貨員；推銷員
二、核心單詞：寫出英文單詞
1．_________ vt．& vi． 假設(shè)；假定
2．_________ vt． 計(jì)算；核算；預(yù)測
三、熟詞生義：寫出熟義
alien 熟義：n．________________________
生義：adj． 陌生的；外星的；外國的；不熟悉的；格格不入的
四、核心短語：寫出英語表達(dá)
____________根據(jù)；以……的方式(基準(zhǔn))
presume
calculate
外星人(生物)；外國人
on a … basis
自主學(xué)習(xí)　課時(shí)語法
寫出下列句子中的被動(dòng)語態(tài)
1．(2024·新課標(biāo)Ⅰ卷)I've been motivated—and demotivated—by other folks' achievements all my life．_________________________________
2．(2024·新課標(biāo)Ⅱ卷)Though overtourism is described as a problem affecting the entire world， it's actually concentrated to a small number of extremely popular spots．______________________________
3．(2024·全國甲卷)“I was very impressed by the doctors and their assistants working and living in such little space but still staying focused and very concerned，” says Ducke．______________
have been motivated—and demotivated
is described; is concentrated
was impressed
4．(2024·浙江高考1月)Each child was told if they waited for 15 minutes before eating the treat，they would be given a second treat．_______________________
5．Now， the students is being shown how to use the new machine．_________
_____________
6．In the past few years， the friendship has been strengthened by both China and Russia．______________________
7．WWF hopes that more and more wild animals will be protected in the future．____________________
8．Victoria went to the bookstore on Sunday morning， only to be told that it was being decorated．______________________________
was told; would be given
is being shown
has been strengthened
will be protected
to be told; was being decorated
合作探究 課時(shí)重點(diǎn)
探究一　熱詞
1．presume vt．& vi． 假設(shè)；假定；認(rèn)為；擅自(教材P4)
presumption n． 假設(shè)；假定
presume (that) … 假設(shè)……；假定……；認(rèn)為……
presume to do sth 擅自做某事
presume on/upon 利用
①There is a general presumption that the doctor knows best．
一般人都以為醫(yī)生最了解情況。
②I presume (that) they're not coming， since they haven't replied to the invitation．
我認(rèn)為他們不會(huì)來了，因?yàn)樗麄冞€沒有回復(fù)邀請(qǐng)。
③I wouldn't presume to tell you how to run your own business．
我不會(huì)擅自告訴你如何經(jīng)營自己的企業(yè)。
【學(xué)會(huì)運(yùn)用】單句語法填空
①The decision is based on the ___________(presume) that all information must be freely available．
②You should never presume __________a person's good nature．
【學(xué)會(huì)表達(dá)】翻譯
③我認(rèn)為你們所有人都有信仰。
________________________________
presumption
on/upon
I presume that all of you have faith．
2．calculate vt． 計(jì)算；核算；預(yù)測；認(rèn)為；作打算(教材P4)
calculation n． 計(jì)算；估計(jì)；預(yù)測
calculator n． 計(jì)算器
be calculated to do 打算做，蓄意做
be calculated for 為適合……而設(shè)計(jì)；適合于……
calculate on 期待；指望
It is calculated that ．．． 據(jù)計(jì)算……
①He has calculated that it would take him two years to save up enough for a car．
他估計(jì)要花兩年的時(shí)間才能攢夠買一輛車的錢。
②By my calculation(s)，we made a profit of ￡20，000 last year．
據(jù)我計(jì)算，去年我們賺了2萬英鎊。
③His speech was calculated to stir up the crowd．
他的講話有意鼓動(dòng)群眾。
④We're calculating on an early start．
我們期待早點(diǎn)出發(fā)。
【學(xué)會(huì)運(yùn)用】單句語法填空
①Use these figures as an approximate guide in your ___________(calculate)．
②This advertisement is calculated _________(attract) the attention of housewives．
③You can calculate ____your family to support you．
【學(xué)會(huì)表達(dá)】翻譯
④他們已估算出去年至少47，000人次失去了工作。
_______________________________________________________
calculations
to attract
on
They have calculated that at least 47，000 jobs were lost last year．
3　alien
[熟義] n． 外星人(生物)；外國人
[生義] adj．_____________________________________________
陌生的；外星的；外國的；不熟悉的；格格不入的
①The city was suddenly invaded by thousands of aliens， causing widespread panic．
這座城市突然被數(shù)千名外星人入侵，引起了廣泛的恐慌。
②I soon realized in this alien environment that I was going to need help．
我很快意識(shí)到，在這個(gè)陌生的環(huán)境中，我需要幫助。
③The child felt alien in the new school because he was the only one who spoke a different language．
這個(gè)孩子在新學(xué)校里感到格格不入，因?yàn)樗俏ㄒ灰粋€(gè)說不同語言的人。
【學(xué)會(huì)運(yùn)用】同義詞替換
①There was once a young man who came to an alien city to work after graduation．___________
【學(xué)會(huì)表達(dá)】翻譯
②這個(gè)奇怪的生物看起來像是來自遙遠(yuǎn)星系的外星人。
_______________________________________________________
③作為一個(gè)剛來這座城市的人，他感覺自己仿佛身處一個(gè)陌生的地方，不確定該去哪里或該做什么。
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
The strange creature appeared to be an alien from a distant galaxy．
unfamiliar
As a newcomer to the city， he felt like he was in an alien place， unsure of where to go or what to do．
探究二　短語
4．on a … basis 根據(jù)；以……的方式(基準(zhǔn))(教材P4)
basis n． 基礎(chǔ)；要素；理由；根據(jù)
base vt． 以……為根據(jù)/基礎(chǔ)；基于　n． 根基；底座；基礎(chǔ)
basic adj． 最重要的；基本的；必需的　n． 基本要素；基本原則
on the basis of 根據(jù)，按照
base … on … 以……作為……的基礎(chǔ)/依據(jù)
be based on/upon 以……為基礎(chǔ)/依據(jù)
①The arrangement was welcomed by the owners， who will receive the rent money on a yearly basis．
這一安排受到了業(yè)主們的歡迎，他們將按年收取租金。
②He based his conclusions on the evidence given by the captured prisoners．
他根據(jù)被俘囚犯提供的證據(jù)得出結(jié)論。
③Three of the new products are based on traditional herbal medicines．
其中三種新產(chǎn)品是以傳統(tǒng)草藥為基礎(chǔ)的。
【學(xué)會(huì)運(yùn)用】單句語法填空
①Her views are based __________years of engagement with the problems of the inner city．
②We're going to keep announcing more changes like these ____a regular basis．
【學(xué)會(huì)表達(dá)】翻譯
③我們公司每個(gè)禮拜舉行一次會(huì)議。
______________________________________________
on/upon
on
A meeting is held on a weekly basis in our company．
探究三　被動(dòng)語態(tài)(復(fù)習(xí))
被動(dòng)語態(tài)：語態(tài)是動(dòng)詞的一種形式，用來說明主語和謂語動(dòng)詞之間的關(guān)系。英語動(dòng)詞有兩種語態(tài)：主動(dòng)語態(tài)和被動(dòng)語態(tài)。主動(dòng)語態(tài)表示主語是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，被動(dòng)語態(tài)表示主語是動(dòng)作的承受者。
語法點(diǎn)1　構(gòu)成
be＋動(dòng)詞的過去分詞，口語中也用“get/become＋動(dòng)詞的過去分詞”表示。常用時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)構(gòu)成：
一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)＋被動(dòng)語態(tài) am/is/are＋動(dòng)詞的過去分詞
一般過去時(shí)＋被動(dòng)語態(tài) was/were＋動(dòng)詞的過去分詞
一般將來時(shí)＋被動(dòng)語態(tài) will be＋動(dòng)詞的過去分詞
過去將來時(shí)＋被動(dòng)語態(tài) would be＋動(dòng)詞的過去分詞
現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)＋被動(dòng)語態(tài) am/is/are being＋動(dòng)詞的過去分詞
過去進(jìn)行時(shí)＋被動(dòng)語態(tài) was/were being＋動(dòng)詞的過去分詞
現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)＋被動(dòng)語態(tài) has/have been＋動(dòng)詞的過去分詞
過去完成時(shí)＋被動(dòng)語態(tài) had been＋動(dòng)詞的過去分詞
含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài) 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞＋be＋動(dòng)詞的過去分詞
不知道或沒必要提到動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者時(shí)用被動(dòng)語態(tài)；強(qiáng)調(diào)或突出動(dòng)作的承受者時(shí)常用被動(dòng)語態(tài)(含有 by 的短語有時(shí)可以省略)。
(1)使用被動(dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)應(yīng)注意的問題
1)主動(dòng)語態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)，賓語成主語。在see， watch， hear， notice， listen to， look at， make， feel等動(dòng)詞(短語)后作賓語補(bǔ)足語的動(dòng)詞不定式都不帶to；但變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)后要帶 to；這時(shí)不定式為主語補(bǔ)足語。
The boss made him work all day long．
→He was made to work all day long (by the boss)．
老板讓他整天都工作。
語法點(diǎn)2　用法
2)主動(dòng)語態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)雙賓語的變化。含有直接賓語和間接賓語的主動(dòng)語態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)有兩種情況：
把間接賓語變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)的主語，直接賓語仍保留原來位置。
把直接賓語變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)的主語，間接賓語前要加介詞 to 或 for。
My friend gave me an interesting book on my birthday．
→I was given an interesting book (by my friend) on my birthday．
→An interesting book was given to me (by my friend) on my birthday．
我的朋友在我生日時(shí)送給我一本有趣的書。
3)動(dòng)詞短語變被動(dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)，勿要掉“尾巴”。有些動(dòng)詞短語相當(dāng)于及物動(dòng)詞，可以有被動(dòng)語態(tài)，但動(dòng)詞短語是一個(gè)不可分割的整體，變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)不可去掉動(dòng)詞短語中的介詞或副詞。這類動(dòng)詞短語包括：look after， talk about， set up， put off， put up with， pay attention to， take care of等。
You should pay attention to your pronunciation and spelling．
→Your pronunciation and spelling should be paid attention to．
你應(yīng)該注意你的發(fā)音和拼寫。
4)be going to， be to， be sure to， have to 等變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)，將它們后面的動(dòng)詞原形變?yōu)椤癰e＋動(dòng)詞的過去分詞”。
We are going to repair this watch in two days．
→This watch is going to be repaired in two days．
我們打算在兩天內(nèi)修好這塊手表。
(2)不能用被動(dòng)語態(tài)的情況
1)所有的不及物動(dòng)詞(短語)。
2)表示狀態(tài)的謂語動(dòng)詞，如last， hold， contain， fit， cost等。
3)表示歸屬的動(dòng)詞(短語)，如have， own， belong to等。
4)表示“希望、意圖、喜好”的動(dòng)詞，如wish， want， hope， like， love， hate等。
(3)常用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)含義的情況
1)當(dāng)feel， look， smell， taste， sound等后面接形容詞時(shí)。
The fish smells good．
這魚聞起來味道不錯(cuò)。
2)當(dāng)cut， read， sell， wear， write， wash等作為不及物動(dòng)詞，表示主語(通常為物)的內(nèi)在“品質(zhì)”或“性能”時(shí)。
This kind of cloth washes easily．
這種布料好洗。
3)當(dāng)動(dòng)詞表示“開始、結(jié)束、關(guān)、停、轉(zhuǎn)、啟動(dòng)”等意思時(shí)。
The door won't lock．
這門無法鎖上。
4)happen， occur， break out， take place， work out， come about等動(dòng)詞(短語)表示“發(fā)生、制定”等意思時(shí)。
How did the crazy situation come about
這種瘋狂的局面是如何發(fā)生的？
5)want， require， need 后常接動(dòng)名詞，用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)含義。
All the old carpets need replacing．
所有的舊地毯都需要(被)更換。
(4)被動(dòng)語態(tài)與系表結(jié)構(gòu)的區(qū)別
此處的系表結(jié)構(gòu)指“連系動(dòng)詞＋過去分詞(作表語)”結(jié)構(gòu)，它與被動(dòng)語態(tài)的形式完全一樣。要注意它們的區(qū)別：
被動(dòng)語態(tài)強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作；系表結(jié)構(gòu)表示主語的特點(diǎn)或狀態(tài)。
①The book was sold by a certain bookstore． (被動(dòng)語態(tài))
這本書在一家特定的書店出售。
②We were surprised at the unexpected news． (系表結(jié)構(gòu))
聽到這個(gè)意外的消息，我們感到驚訝。
(1)單句語法填空
①Over the past twenty years， great progress _____________(make) in China．
②If you break the traffic rules， you _____________ (fine)．
③What ____________(hold) in the new sports stadium now
④In the 1950s in the USA， most families had just one phone at home， and wireless phones ___________________ (not invent) yet．
has been made
will be fined
is being held
hadn’t been invented
(2)完成句子
①我姐姐得到了一個(gè)出國深造的好機(jī)會(huì)。
____________________a good chance to go abroad for further education．
②如果你想更好地理解一本書，就必須讀不止一遍。
_____________________more than once if you want to understand it better．
③我很榮幸能被邀請(qǐng)?jiān)谌斯ぶ悄艽髸?huì)上發(fā)言。
________________________to speak at the AI Conference．
④已經(jīng)采取了一切可能的手段來防止空氣污染，但天空仍然不晴朗。
________________________________to prevent the air pollution， but the sky is still not clear．
My sister was offered
A book must be read
I am honored to be invited
Every possible means has been used
對(duì)點(diǎn)練習(xí) 鞏固所學(xué)
維度一　高頻詞匯
(一)寫出下列詞綴的含義及例詞
1．dis →_____________→________;_________
2．de →______________→_______;_______
3． ment→___________→____________;_______________
4． ity→_____________→________;__________
否定；分離
dismiss
分離；破壞
declare
狀態(tài)，性質(zhì)
appointment
狀態(tài)，性質(zhì)
integrity
distinct
decline
management
dignity
(二)選詞填空
1．A suitable answer has already been put forward by the _____________．
2．Many movies have been made about _______coming to the earth．
3．I set aside some time every week to do my _________shopping．
4．There's a strange __________going around at the moment about Peter．
5．During peak hours， taxi ______tend to be higher due to increased demand．
chairwoman
rumour， fare， chairwoman， alien， weekly
aliens
weekly
rumour
fares
維度二　語法運(yùn)用
(三)單句語法填空
1．Over 2，200 years ago， Chengdu _______________(threaten) by frequent floods．
2．In recent years， much research ____________________(conduct) on the wildlife protection．
3．The parts of a museum open to the public _________(call) galleries or rooms．
4．Is it possible that human workers _________________(replace) by robots in the near future
5．It is recommended that detailed eye examination _________________(do) every six months．
was threatened
has been conducted
are called
will be replaced
(should) be done
維度三　素養(yǎng)提升
(四)根據(jù)所給漢語，完成下列句子
1．根據(jù)她的資歷，她被選中做這份工作。
She was chosen for the job _______________her qualifications．
2．在英國法律中，一個(gè)人在被證明有罪之前被假定為無罪。
In English law， a person _____________________until proved guilty．
3．前面那條路現(xiàn)在正在被維修，所以我們必須走另外一條路。
Right now the road ahead _______________， so we have to take another way．
on the basis of
is presumed innocent
is being repaired
(五)翻譯
1．據(jù)計(jì)算，地球到月球的距離大約是384，400公里。
_____________________________________________________________________
2．第一個(gè)機(jī)器人是由Joseph F． Engelberger于1959年發(fā)明的。
__________________________________________________________
It is calculated that the distance from Earth to the Moon is about 384，400 kilometers．
The first robot was invented in 1959 by Joseph F． Engelberger．
課后課時(shí)作業(yè)
較易題(占比70%)　中檔題(占比30%)　拔高題(占比0%)
題號(hào) Ⅰ Ⅱ Ⅲ
難度 ★★ ★ ★
Ⅰ　完形填空
(2024·重慶市第七中學(xué)高二下月考)Whenever photographer Casey Ryan heads into the wilderness， he brings along his drone (無人機(jī)) to capture photographs from a bird's eye view． Having the __1__ device with him on a recent trip to the Cascades Mountain Range in Oregon saved his and another person's __2__．
Casey was __3__ through the Willamette National Forest when he __4__ a stranger whose vehicle was stuck． Casey __5__ to help get it out without hesitation． __6__， he got his own vehicle stuck in a ditch while trying to help， leaving both people in __7__ with no cell phone service for miles around．
Casey immediately assessed the __8__ and recalled a movie he'd seen recently in which a character used a drone to lift his phone high enough to capture a __9__ in a similar situation， so he __10__ his device and got to work．
First， he attached his cell phone __11__ to his drone． Then， he typed a series of messages to his wife． He told her where he was located in the park， and then launched the drone into the air． Somewhere up there over the tall trees， it __12__ a signal and whoosh! All of Casey’s texts were __13__．
篇章導(dǎo)讀：本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了攝影師Casey Ryan (凱西·瑞恩)在最近一次前往俄勒岡州喀斯喀特山脈的旅行中，利用隨身攜帶的無人機(jī)，救了他和另一個(gè)人的生命。
Rescuers arrived and saved both Casey and the other driver． Who knows， maybe future drones will have built in __14__ features added to it __15__ this photographer's practice． We'd buy a phone drone!
1．A．preserving B．detecting
C．repairing D．flying
解析： preserve 保護(hù)；detect 發(fā)現(xiàn)；repair 修理；fly 飛行；疾馳。根據(jù)上文“he brings along … a bird's eye view”可知，無人機(jī)屬于飛行裝置。故選D。
2．A．lives B．photos
C．strength D．money
解析： life 生命；photo 照片；strength 力量；money 錢。根據(jù)下文“Rescuers arrived … the other driver．”可知，他隨身攜帶的飛行裝置救了他和另一個(gè)人的生命。故選A。
3．A．searching B．driving
C．wandering D．slipping
解析： search 搜索；drive 開車；wander 徘徊；slip 滑倒。根據(jù)下文“he got his own vehicle stuck in a ditch while trying to help”可知，Casey開車穿過威拉米特國家森林。故選B。
4．A．rang up B．came across
C．got rid of D．kept track of
解析： ring up 打電話；come across 偶遇；get rid of 擺脫；keep track of 跟蹤；記錄。根據(jù)下文“a stranger whose vehicle was stuck”可知，他遇到了一個(gè)陌生人。故選B。
5．A．managed B．pretended
C．volunteered D．denied
解析： manage 設(shè)法做到；pretend 假裝；volunteer 自愿做；deny 否認(rèn)。根據(jù)下文“to help get it out without hesitation”可知，Casey毫不猶豫地自愿幫忙。故選C。
6．A．Unnaturally B．Generally
C．Unfortunately D．Gradually
解析： unnaturally 不自然地；generally 普遍地；unfortunately 不幸地；gradually 逐漸地。根據(jù)上文內(nèi)容和下文“he got his own vehicle stuck in a ditch”可知，上下文存在轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，此處表示不幸的是，他自己的車陷入了溝里。故選C。
7．A．peace B．trouble
C．charge D．silence
解析： peace 和平；trouble 困境；charge 收費(fèi)；silence 沉默。根據(jù)上文“a stranger whose vehicle was stuck”及“he got his own vehicle stuck in a ditch”可知，兩人都陷入了困境。故選B。
8．A．standard B．damage
C．evidence D．situation
解析： standard 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)；damage 損壞；evidence 證據(jù)；situation 情況。根據(jù)下文“a similar situation”可知，Casey立即對(duì)情況進(jìn)行了評(píng)估。故選D。
9．A．bird B．picture
C．signal D．radiation
解析：bird 鳥；picture 圖片；signal 信號(hào)；radiation 輻射。根據(jù)下文“Somewhere up there over the tall trees， it __12__ a signal and whoosh！”可知，此處指使用無人機(jī)將手機(jī)舉得足夠高去捕獲信號(hào)。故選C。
10．A．put aside B．gave away
C．pulled out D．broke up
解析：put aside 暫時(shí)擱置；give away 泄露；pull out 拿出，拔出；break up 分解。根據(jù)下文“his device and got to work”可知，他拿出他的設(shè)備開始工作。故選C。
11．A．securely B．a(chǎn)ccidentally
C．freely D．dramatically
解析：securely 牢固地，安全地；accidentally 偶然地；freely 自由地；dramatically 顯著地。根據(jù)上文“he attached his cell phone”可知，為了防止手機(jī)掉落，Casey把手機(jī)牢固地綁在無人機(jī)上。故選A。
12．A．turned up B．came up
C．spoke up D．picked up
解析：turn up 調(diào)高；出現(xiàn)；come up 走近；speak up 大聲說； pick up 接收信號(hào)。根據(jù)上文“used a drone … capture a__9__”和下文“All of Casey’s texts were __13__．”可知，手機(jī)接收到了信號(hào)。故選D。
13．A．typed B．hidden
C．delayed D．sent
解析：type 打字；hide 躲藏；delay 延期；send 發(fā)送。根據(jù)上文“Somewhere up there over the tall trees， it __12__ a signal and whoosh！”可知，手機(jī)接收到了信號(hào)，所以短信都發(fā)出去了。故選D。
14．A．emergency B．camera
C．lighting D．identity
解析：emergency 緊急情況；camera 照相機(jī)；lighting 燈光；identity 身份。根據(jù)上文“l(fā)eaving both people in __7__ with no cell phone service for miles around”可知，兩人都陷入了困境，此處指未來的無人機(jī)可能會(huì)有內(nèi)置的應(yīng)急功能。故選A。
15．A．consistent with B．in case of
C．thanks to D．depending on
解析：consistent with 與……一致；in case of 以防；thanks to 多虧，由于；depend on 依靠。根據(jù)下文“this photographer's practice”可知，由于這位攝影師的實(shí)踐，未來的無人機(jī)可能會(huì)有內(nèi)置的應(yīng)急功能。故選C。
Ⅱ　七選五
(2024·廣東省東莞市厚街中學(xué)高二下月考)If you think of the jobs robots could never do， you would probably put doctors and teachers at the top of the list． It's easy to imagine robot cleaners and factory workers， but some jobs need human connection and creativity． But are we underestimating (低估) what robots can do __1__ Also， some patients might feel more comfortable sharing personal information with a machine than a person． __2__
British education expert Anthony Seldon thinks so． And he even has a date for the robot takeover of the classroom: 2027． __3__ And teachers will be like assistants． Intelligent robots will read students' facial expressions， body movements and maybe even brain signals． Then they will adapt the information to each student． It's not a popular opinion and it's unlikely robots will ever have empathy (同感) and the ability to really connect with humans like another human can．
One thing is certain， though． __4__ In some parts of the world， there aren’t enough teachers and 9 16 percent of children under the age of 14 don’t go to school． That problem could be partly solved by robots because they can teach anywhere．
Teachers all over the world are leaving because it is a difficult job and they feel overworked． Perhaps the question is not “Will robots replace teachers？” but “How can robots help teachers？” Office workers can use software to do things． __5__ If robots could cut the time teachers spend marking homework and writing reports， teachers would have more time and energy for the parts of the job humans do best．
A．Teachers can be replaced by robots．
B．A robot teacher is better than no teacher at all．
C．Teachers waste a lot of time doing non teaching work．
D．He predicts robots will do the main job of transferring information．
E．Could there be a place for robots in education after all
F．Robots can save time that teachers spend in teaching in classroom．
G．In some cases， they already perform better than doctors at diagnosing (診斷) illness．
篇章導(dǎo)讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章指出，雖然機(jī)器人可能無法像人類一樣建立情感和連接，但它們可以在教育領(lǐng)域發(fā)揮重要的輔助作用。
解析：根據(jù)前文“But are we underestimating (低估) what robots can do？”可知，此處提出疑問即我們是否低估了機(jī)器人的能力。設(shè)空處應(yīng)該對(duì)此問題進(jìn)行回答。G項(xiàng)(在某些情況下，它們?cè)谠\斷疾病方面的表現(xiàn)已經(jīng)超過了醫(yī)生。)承接前文，回答前文提出的問題。故選G。
1．答案：G
解析：根據(jù)后文“British education expert … of the classroom: 2027．”可知，Anthony Seldon (安東尼·塞爾登)認(rèn)為機(jī)器人能夠在教育中起到作用，甚至還為機(jī)器人接管教室定下了日期。E項(xiàng)(機(jī)器人究竟能在教育中占有一席之地嗎？)引出后文。故選E。
2．答案：E
解析：根據(jù)后文“And teachers will be like assistants．(老師就像助手一樣。)”可知，D項(xiàng)(他預(yù)測機(jī)器人將承擔(dān)傳遞信息的主要工作。)引出后文，指出在未來機(jī)器人將承擔(dān)傳遞信息的主要工作，而老師則像助手一樣。故選D。
3．答案：D
解析：根據(jù)后文“In some parts of the world ... don't go to school．(在世界上的一些地方，沒有足夠的教師， 9%～16%的14歲以下兒童無法上學(xué)。)”可知，B項(xiàng)(機(jī)器人老師總比沒有老師好。)引出后文，指出機(jī)器人老師能夠解決世界上有些地區(qū)沒有足夠老師的問題。故選B。
4．答案：B
解析：根據(jù)后文“If robots could cut the time ... the parts of the job humans do best．”可知，機(jī)器人能夠減少教師批改作業(yè)和寫報(bào)告的時(shí)間，這樣會(huì)給老師節(jié)省更多的時(shí)間和精力，由此可知，教師存在在非教學(xué)的工作中浪費(fèi)時(shí)間的問題。C項(xiàng)(教師在非教學(xué)工作上浪費(fèi)了很多時(shí)間。)引出后文。故選C。
5．答案：C
Ⅲ　語法填空
(2024·湖南省長沙市雅禮中學(xué)高二下月考)
Seeing Math on the Page
Math and literature are probably two of the subjects that bring students headaches． However， scientists wonder __1__ the beauty of math can be found in literary works． A UK mathematician Sarah Hart， who presents some interesting thoughts about “three” in her book， __2__ (argue) that the beauty of this number is indeed evident in many works of western literature and languages．
“Three” is the minimum number with __3__ a two dimensional shape can be defined． For example， three sticks can create __4__ triangle， a stable structure． Many common phrases are in three words， such as “ready， set， go”． Some nursery rhymes have a word __5__ (repeat) three times， such as “row， row， row your boat”． In stories， there are usually three main characters and for a series of __6__ (novel)， there are usually three books rather than four．
Why is it always the third son who behaves differently from his two older brothers， thus __7__ (win) the princess Hart explains that obviously we require two repetitions to get to know the pattern， so that the breaking of the pattern in the third character can surprise or amuse us．
__8__ (similar)， another study by researchers at the University of Vermont also connected math and storytelling． They analyzed more than 1，300 fiction books and arranged for 10，000 words from the books to be rated by 50 participants on a happiness scale of 1 to 9． Then the ratings __9__ (categorize) into different graphs， which showed how the readers’ emotions changed while reading． It turned out that each story fit perfectly into one of six basic graphs， a mathematical pattern．
篇章導(dǎo)讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了數(shù)學(xué)家Sarah Hart (莎拉·哈特)將數(shù)學(xué)和文學(xué)結(jié)合起來，在文學(xué)作品中發(fā)現(xiàn)數(shù)學(xué)之美。
“The idea that one would have to choose between mathematics and literature is something __10__ a tragedy，” Hart says． “The two fields are fundamentally linked”．
1．________　2．________　3．________　4．________　5．________　
6．________　7．________　8．________　9．________　10．________
解析：考查賓語從句的連接詞。設(shè)空處引導(dǎo)賓語從句，此處表示科學(xué)家想要看看是否在文學(xué)作品中可以找到數(shù)學(xué)之美。從句不缺成分，設(shè)空處表示“是否”，應(yīng)用whether或if。故填whether/if。
1．答案：whether/if
解析：考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和主謂一致。根據(jù)上文presents可知，此處應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，且主語為A UK mathematician Sarah Hart。故填argues。
2．答案：argues
3．答案：which
解析：考查定語從句的引導(dǎo)詞。此處為“介詞＋關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語從句，先行詞為number，指物，且關(guān)系詞代替先行詞在從句中作介詞with的賓語。故填which。
解析：考查冠詞。此處泛指一個(gè)三角形，應(yīng)用不定冠詞，且triangle的發(fā)音以輔音音素開頭。故填a。
4．答案：a
5．答案：repeated
解析：考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。repeat與賓語a word之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，應(yīng)用過去分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語。故填repeated。
解析：考查名詞。短語a series of修飾復(fù)數(shù)名詞，意為“一系列的……”。故填novels。
6．答案：novels
7．答案：winning
解析：考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。win與the third son之間為主動(dòng)關(guān)系，應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在分詞作結(jié)果狀語，表示自然而然的結(jié)果。故填winning。
解析：考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。此處應(yīng)用副詞similarly作評(píng)注性狀語，對(duì)整個(gè)句子進(jìn)行評(píng)價(jià)，意為“同樣地”，位于句首，單詞首字母應(yīng)大寫。故填Similarly。
8．答案：Similarly
9．答案：were categorized
解析：考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)和主謂一致。categorize與主語ratings之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，此處講述過去發(fā)生的事情，應(yīng)用一般過去時(shí)，且主語是復(fù)數(shù)。故填were categorized。
解析：考查介詞。句意：“人們必須在數(shù)學(xué)和文學(xué)之間做出選擇的想法在某種程度上是一種悲劇，”哈特說。“這兩個(gè)領(lǐng)域從根本上是聯(lián)系在一起的。”短語something of意為“在某種程度上；有點(diǎn)”。故填of。
10．答案： of
(2024·江蘇省鎮(zhèn)江市高二下期中)Scientists are embracing artificial intelligence (AI)—from developing “self driving” laboratories to replacing human participants in social science experiments with robots． Many disadvantages of AI systems have been discussed． In an article published in Nature， social scientists say that AI systems carry a further risk: that researchers perceive such tools as possessed of superhuman abilities when it comes to objectivity， productivity and understanding complex concepts．
精深閱讀
Scientists planning to use AI “must evaluate these risks now”， write co authors Lisa Messeri and Molly Crockett． The article is a warning about what could be lost if scientists embrace AI systems without thoroughly considering such risks．
Messeri and Crockett examined around 100 papers and books， published mainly over the past five years． From these， they put together a picture of the ways in which scientists see AI systems as enhancing human capabilities．
In one “vision”， which they call AI as Oracle， researchers see AI tools as able to tirelessly read and digest scientific papers． In another vision， called AI as Arbiter， systems are perceived as evaluating scientific findings more objectively than do people． In a third vision， AI as Quant， AI tools seem to perform better than the human mind in analyzing data sets．
Messeri and Crockett also predict risks that arise from these visions． One is the illusion of explanatory depth， in which people relying on another person—or， in this case， an algorithm (算法)—for knowledge are likely to mistake that knowledge for their own． Another risk is that research becomes skewed (偏頗的) towards studying the kinds of things that AI systems can test．
篇章導(dǎo)讀：本文是一篇議論文。文章主要論述了人工智能系統(tǒng)的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，即研究人員在客觀性、生產(chǎn)力和理解復(fù)雜概念方面將這些工具視為具有超人的能力。
If you’re a scientist planning to use AI， you can reduce these dangers through a number of strategies． All members of the scientific community must view AI use not as unavoidable for any particular task， but rather as a choice with risks and benefits that must be carefully weighed．
1．What is a further risk that AI systems carry according to Paragraph 1
A．They perform better than humans．
B．Researchers overestimate their capabilities．
C．They are able to understand complex concepts．
D．Researchers use them in self driving laboratories．
解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的“In an article ... understanding complex concepts．(發(fā)表在《自然》雜志上的一篇文章中，社會(huì)科學(xué)家們說，人工智能系統(tǒng)還帶來了另一個(gè)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)：研究人員認(rèn)為這些工具在客觀性、生產(chǎn)力和理解復(fù)雜概念方面具有超人的能力。)”可知，人工智能系統(tǒng)帶來的進(jìn)一步風(fēng)險(xiǎn)是研究人員高估了它們的能力。故選B。
2．What does Paragraph 4 mainly tell us about AI
A．Its benefits in analyzing scientific data．
B．Its roles in helping doing scientific research．
C．Its strengths in digesting scientific papers．
D．Its advantages in evaluating scientific findings．
解析：段落大意題。根據(jù)第四段內(nèi)容可知，在三個(gè)“愿景”中，研究人員分別認(rèn)為人工智能工具能夠不知疲倦地閱讀和消化科學(xué)論文，比人類更客觀地評(píng)估科學(xué)發(fā)現(xiàn)和在分析數(shù)據(jù)集方面似乎比人類表現(xiàn)得更好。由此可知，第四段主要講述了人工智能在幫助進(jìn)行科學(xué)研究方面的作用。故選B。
3．What is the illusion of explanatory depth
A．Finding the accuracy in algorithm．
B．Denying the mistake of algorithm．
C．Accepting the complexity of algorithm．
D．Considering algorithmic insights as personal understanding．
解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的“One is the illusion ... for their own．”可知，解釋深度的錯(cuò)覺是指依賴他人或算法獲取知識(shí)的人很可能將這些知識(shí)誤認(rèn)為是自己的。由此可知，解釋深度的錯(cuò)覺是指將算法的見解視為個(gè)人理解。故選D。
4．What's the author's attitude towards the use of AI in scientific community
A．Cautious． B．Approving．
C．Unclear． D．Intolerant．
解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“All members of ... be carefully weighed．”可知，科學(xué)界的所有成員都必須將人工智能的使用視為一種選擇，而不是任何特定任務(wù)不可避免的選擇，必須仔細(xì)權(quán)衡其風(fēng)險(xiǎn)和益處。由此可推知，作者對(duì)于人工智能在科學(xué)界的應(yīng)用持謹(jǐn)慎的態(tài)度。故選A。
精深閱讀——好詞句小練
(一)熱詞
1．_________ v． 欣然接受，樂意采納
2．productivity n．________________
3．capability n．________________
4．________ n． 深度，縱深
5．____________ adj． 不可避免的
embrace
生產(chǎn)力；生產(chǎn)率
能力，才能
depth
unavoidable
(二)高頻短語
6．a(chǎn)rise from ___________________
7．_________ 依賴
8．in this case___________________
9．_________________ 有可能做某事
10．___________ 許多；大量
產(chǎn)生于；起因于
rely on
在這種情況下
be likely to do sth
a number of
(三)根據(jù)語境填入恰當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容
1．You can enjoy all the ________(benefit) and privileges of club membership．
2．___________ (product) in the steel industry improved by five percent last year．
3．She ought to be ___________(thorough) ashamed of herself—talking to her mother like that!
benefits
Productivity
thoroughly
(四)寫出下列句子中黑體部分的漢語釋義
4．This strategy could cause more problems than it solves．______
5．He could no longer distinguish between illusion and reality．_______
6．I weighed the benefits of the plan against the risks involved．_______________
策略
幻想
權(quán)衡，認(rèn)真考慮
(五)用方框中單詞的正確形式替換下列句子中的黑體部分
1．I saw a change in his behaviour．__________
2．Unemployment is rising again and retail buying has fallen off．__________
3．He paused， waiting for her to understand the information．_________
perceived
digest， perceive， reduce
reduced
digest
(六)長難句分析
The article is a warning about what could be lost if scientists embrace AI systems without thoroughly considering such risks．
句意：這篇文章警告說，如果科學(xué)家在沒有充分考慮這些風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的情況下接受人工智能系統(tǒng)，可能會(huì)失去什么。
分析：主干是______________________________；what引導(dǎo)______從句；if引導(dǎo)___________從句；considering such risks為動(dòng)名詞短語作介詞without的________。
The article is a warning about ...
賓語
條件狀語
賓語
(七)根據(jù)所給漢語，完成下列句子
1．When the car was first built， the design _______________(被認(rèn)為) highly original．
2．_____________________________ (說到公開發(fā)言)， no one can match him．
(八)仿寫句子
Another risk is that research becomes skewed (偏頗的) towards studying the kinds of things that AI systems can test．(表語從句)
仿寫：事實(shí)是他所有的財(cái)富都是靠工作掙來的。
_______________________________________________________
was viewed as
When it comes to speaking in public
The fact is that he earned all his wealth by working．

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