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英語 選擇性必修 第三冊[RJ]
Section Ⅱ　Learning About Language
——Build up your vocabulary——
一、構(gòu)詞法
Affix (prefix/suffix) 含義 例詞
com 與……一起；表示強調(diào)；共同 comprehensive,__computer, community, communicate, complete
sus 從下往上；在下方 sustain,__suspect, suspend, suspense, suspicion
re 用于加強語氣，重新，再次，回到，反向 restrict,__refer, reverse, report, relate
logy ……學(xué)；……論 ecology,__biology, geology, psychology, technology
ly 表示程度，狀態(tài)，方式；綁，捆 frequently,__elderly, lonely, silly, unlikely
二、同義詞造句(cause, be responsible for, bring about, lead to, result in)
1．因患肺癌而死亡者，約90%是吸煙所致。
Cigarette__smoking__is__responsible__for__about__90%__of__deaths__from__lung__cancer.
2．忽視環(huán)境保護將會導(dǎo)致許多嚴重的后果。
The__ignorance__of__protecting__the__environment__would__result__in__a__lot__of__severe__consequences.
3．這些氣體對環(huán)境造成難以估量的破壞。
These__gases__cause__untold__damage__to__the__environment.
4．溫室氣體會導(dǎo)致氣候變化。
Greenhouse__gases__could__lead__to__climate__change.
5．只有行動能夠帶來改變。
Only__actions__can__bring__about__changes.
【規(guī)律總結(jié)】
cause作動詞，意為“引起”，常用于壞的方面；
be responsible for意為“對……負責(zé)”，其引申含義也可表示因果；
bring about表示實施者為了獲得某種結(jié)果而有目的地行動；
lead to與 result in相似，強調(diào)會造成某種結(jié)果，但產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果可能是壞的結(jié)果，也可能是好的結(jié)果，而且多用于描述客觀的可能性和對未來的預(yù)測。
——Discover useful structures——
一、閱讀單詞：寫出漢語含義
1．basin n. 流域；盆地；盆
2．penguin n. 企鵝
3．tropical adj. 熱帶的；來自熱帶的
4．chaos n. 混亂；雜亂；紊亂
5．nuclear adj. 原子能的；核能的；原子核的
6．jungle n. (熱帶)叢林；密林
二、核心單詞：寫出英文單詞
1．reform vi.& vt. 改革；(使)改正；改造　n. 改革；變革；改良
2．undergo vt. 經(jīng)歷；經(jīng)受(變化、不快等)
3．implement vt. 使生效；貫徹；執(zhí)行
4．submit vt.& vi. 提交；呈遞；屈服
三、拓展單詞：寫出下列單詞的詞性轉(zhuǎn)換(可查字典)
1．harmonious adj. 和諧的→harmony n. 融洽；和諧；和睦→harmoniously adv. 和諧地
2．moderate adj. 適度的；中等的；溫和的　vi.& vt. 緩和；使適中→moderately adv. 適度；適量→moderation n. 適度；適中；合理
3．a(chǎn)nnual adj. 每年的；一年的　n. 年刊；年鑒→annually adv. 一年一次地
4．sensitive adj.敏感的；善解人意的；靈敏的→sense n. 感覺；意識；理智；意義　vt.感覺到；意識到→sensible adj. 明智的；合理的→sensitively adv. 敏感地；易受傷害地；謹慎地
四、核心短語：寫出英語表達
on__behalf__of 代表(代替)某人
補全句子，總結(jié)規(guī)律
1．He said, “I like it very much.”
→He said that he__liked it very much.
2．He said to me, “I've left my book in your room.”
→He told me that he__had__left his book in my room.
3．“I don't want to set down a series of facts in a diary，” said Anne.
→Anne said that she__didn't__want to set down a series of facts in a diary.
4．The boy said, “I'm using a knife.”
→The boy said that he__was__using a knife.
5．They said, “We saw her in the street.”
→They said that they__had__seen her in the street.
6．The woman said, “I will come this morning.”
→The woman said that she__would__go that morning.
7．He said, “These books are mine.”
→He said that those books were his.
8．She said, “Did you see him last night？”
→She asked__(me)__whether__I__had__seen him the__night__before．
9．“What do you want？” he asked me.
→He asked me what I__wanted．
10．He said, “Don't make so much noise, boys.”
→He told__the__boys__not__to__make so much noise.
探究一　熱詞
1.reform vi.& vt. 改革；(使)改正；改造　n. 改革；變革；改良(教材P28)
reformation n. 改革；改進；變革 reformer n. 改革者；改良者 reform ... into ... 把……改造成…… reform sb/oneself 改造某人/改過自新 reform of ... ……的改革
①He devoted all his energies to the reformation of science.
他把他的全部精力投入到了科學(xué)革新中。
②The reformer actively advocated for educational reform to improve the quality of teaching in schools.
這位改革者積極倡導(dǎo)教育改革，以提高學(xué)校的教學(xué)質(zhì)量。
③We will try to reform him within the community.
我們將盡力在社區(qū)內(nèi)部對他進行改造。
④The group intends to petition Parliament for reform of the law.
這個團體準備請求議會修改法律。
單句語法填空
①The criminal promised to reform himself (he) so he was released on parole.
②She was believed to be the last of the great educational reformer (reform)．
③He has urged complete reform of the welfare system.
翻譯
④他們早已通過參加生產(chǎn)改造成為了好公民。
They__have__already__been__reformed__into__good__citizens__through__participation__in__production.
2．harmonious adj. 和諧的→harmony n. 融洽；和諧；和睦→harmoniously adv. 和諧地
The community works harmoniously together to create a harmonious environment, filled with harmony and mutual respect.
這個社區(qū)相處和諧，共同努力創(chuàng)造一種充滿了融洽和相互尊重的和諧環(huán)境。
3．sensitive adj. 敏感的；善解人意的；靈敏的→sense n. 感覺；意識；理智；意義　vt. 感覺到；意識到→sensible adj. 明智的；合理的→sensitively adv. 敏感地；易受傷害地；謹慎地
She has a keen sense of smell and is very sensitive to perfumes, so it is sensible for her to sensibly choose fragrance free products for her skin.
她的嗅覺很敏銳，對香水非常敏感，所以她謹慎地選擇無香料護膚品是明智的。
單句語法填空
①The abuse of women needs to be treated seriously and sensitively (sensitive)．
②The story shows people that human beings can live with the animals harmoniously (harmonious)．
翻譯
③輕柔的旋律在房間里營造了一種和諧的氛圍。
The__soft__melodies__created__a__harmonious__atmosphere__in__the__room.
④他對他人的感受很敏感，總是盡量避免傷害他們。
He__is__very__sensitive__to__other__people's__feelings__and__always__tries__to__avoid__hurting__them.
探究二　直接引語和間接引語
直接引語和間接引語：直接引述別人的原話，叫直接引語(Direct Speech)。用自己的話轉(zhuǎn)述別人的話，叫間接引語(Indirect Speech)。
語法點1　直接引語是陳述句時，間接引語應(yīng)改為由that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句，同時注意時態(tài)、人稱、時間狀語、地點狀語等的變化
(1)時態(tài)的變化
直接引語向間接引語轉(zhuǎn)化時，通常將賓語之中的時態(tài)往后推一個時態(tài)。
直接引語 一般現(xiàn)在時→ 一般將來時→ 一般過去時→ 現(xiàn)在完成時→ 現(xiàn)在進行時→ 間接引語 一般過去時 過去將來時 過去完成時 過去完成時 過去進行時
①“I don't mind，” he said.
→He said he didn't mind.
②“It will rain soon，” he said.
→He said that it would rain soon.
③She said, “I went there yesterday.”
→She said that she had gone there the day before.
④He said, “You have told me this story.”
→He said that I had told him that story.
⑤He said, “I am waiting for her.”
→He said that he was waiting for her.
(2)人稱的變化
主語：一隨主，二隨賓，三不變。
①She said, “I will go home.”
→She said that she would go home.(一隨主)
②She said to me, “You can go with me.”
→She said to me that I could go with her.(二隨賓)
③She said to me, “He will go home.”
→She said to me that he would go home.(三不變)
(3)時間狀語、地點狀語等其他變化
①時間狀語：now→then; today→that day; tonight→that night; tomorrow→the next day; yesterday→the day before; this week (month, year ... )→that week (month, year ... ); last week (month, year ... )→the week (month, year ... ) before; next week (month, year ... )→the next/following week (month, year ... ); two days (weeks, months, years ... ) ago→two days (weeks, months, years ... ) before; so far→by then
②地點狀語：here→there
③指示代詞：this→that; these→those
④方向性動詞：come→go
語法點2　直接引語變?yōu)殚g接引語時，時態(tài)一般不變化的情況
(1)直接引語是客觀真理時。
“The earth moves around the sun and the moon moves around the earth，” the teacher told me.
→The teacher told me the earth moves around the sun and the moon moves around the earth.
(2)直接引語是過去進行時時。
Jack said, “Lily, where were you going when I met you in the street？”
→Jack asked Lily where she was going when he met her in the street.
(3)直接引語中有具體的過去某年、某月、某日作狀語，變?yōu)殚g接引語時。
Tom said, “I was born on April 20, 1980.”
→Tom said he was born on April 20, 1980.
(4)直接引語是一般現(xiàn)在時，表示一種反復(fù)出現(xiàn)或習(xí)慣性的動作，變?yōu)殚g接引語時。
He said, “I get up at six every morning.”
→He said he gets up at six every morning.
(5)直接引語中的情態(tài)動詞沒有過去時的形式(例：ought to, had better, used to)或已經(jīng)是過去時的形式時(例：could, should, would, might)。
Peter said, “You had better come today.”
→Peter said I had better come that day.
語法點3　直接引語是反意疑問句、選擇疑問句或一般疑問句時，間接引語應(yīng)改為由whether或if引導(dǎo)的賓語從句
①“You have finished the homework, haven't you？” my mother asked.
→My mother asked me whether/if I had finished the homework.
②“Do you go to school by bus or by bike？” he asked.
→He asked me whether/if I went to school by bus or by bike.
③She said, “Is your father an engineer？”
→She asked me whether/if my father was an engineer.
語法點4　直接引語是特殊疑問句時，間接引語應(yīng)改為由疑問代詞或疑問副詞引導(dǎo)的賓語從句(賓語從句必須用陳述句語序)
“Where have you been, Li Ming？” the teacher asked.
→The teacher asked Li Ming where he had been.
語法點5　直接引語是祈使句時，間接引語應(yīng)改為“tell (ask, order, advise等) sb (not) to do sth”
①He said, “Sit down, please.”
→He asked me to sit down.
②The teacher said, “Don't talk in class！”
→The teacher told us not to talk in class!
語法點6　直接引語是以“Let's”開頭的祈使句，變?yōu)殚g接引語時，通常用“suggest＋動名詞或that ... (should) do”
He said, “Let's go to the film.”
→He suggested going to the film./He suggested that they (should) go to the film.
(1)單句語法填空
①We then asked the child if/whether she could see what her mom held in hand.
②The teacher said that she graduated (graduate) from university in 2010.
③The doctor told me to__take (take) the medicine three times a day.
④Mother told me that a friend in need is (be) a friend indeed.
⑤He said that another new hospital had__been__built (build) when he went back to his hometown the year before.
(2)將下列直接引語變?yōu)殚g接引語
①The teacher said to us，“Light travels much faster than sound.”
→The__teacher__told__us__that__light__travels__much__faster__than__sound.
②Susan asked me，“Do you like American country music？”
→Susan__asked__me__if/whether__I__liked__American__country__music.
③The captain said to the soldier, “Get it done by two o'clock.”
→The__captain__ordered__the__soldier__to__get__it__done__by__two__o'clock.
④“What do you want to eat tonight？” Tom asked me.
→Tom__asked__me__what__I__wanted__to__eat__that__night.
⑤“I'm sorry, but I have already had an engagement tonight，” Lucy said.
→Lucy_said_that_she_was_sorry_but_that_she_had_already_had_an_engagement__that__night.
維度一　高頻詞匯
(一)寫出下列詞綴的含義及例詞
1． logy→……學(xué)；……論→ecology；biology
2．sus →從下往上；在下方→sustain；suspect
3．com →與……一起；共同→comprehensive；community
4． ly→表示程度，狀態(tài)，方式；綁，捆→frequently；elderly
(二)選詞填空
harmonious, implement, reform, moderate, chaos
1．The government is planning to reform the education system in the country.
2．He prefers to take a moderate approach when dealing with conflicts.
3．The city was in chaos after the earthquake hit.
4．We need to implement new strategies to improve our business operations.
5．We strive to create a harmonious work environment for all employees.
維度二　語法運用
(三)將下列直接引語變?yōu)殚g接引語
1．“I will come and see you again this evening, Tom，” she said.
→She__told__Tom__that__she__would__go__and__see__him__again__that__evening.
2．The geography teacher said to us，“The earth travels around the sun.”
→The__geography__teacher__told__us__that__the__earth__travels__around__the__sun.
3．Mary asked me，“When did the British prince become infected with the disease？”
→Mary__asked__me__when__the__British__prince__became__infected__with__the__disease.
4．She said, “Do you like watching the advertisements on TV？”
→She__asked__me__whether/if__I__liked__watching__the__advertisements__on__TV.
5．His mother said to me, “Mr Harry is in charge of the work.”
→His__mother__told__me__that__Mr__Harry__was__in__charge__of__the__work.
維度三　素養(yǎng)提升
(四)根據(jù)所給漢語，完成下列句子
1．我謹代表學(xué)生會感謝大家。
On__behalf__of____Student__Union I would like to thank you all.
2．他粗心的駕駛導(dǎo)致了一場嚴重的事故。
His careless driving resulted__in a serious accident.
3．我酗酒多年，但現(xiàn)在我已經(jīng)改過自新了。
For years I was an alcoholic, but__now__I__have__reformed__myself．
(五)翻譯
1．瑪麗說她想擁有一臺她自己的電腦。(間接引語)
Mary__said__that__she__wanted__to__have__a__computer__of__her__own.
2．他說，她要來這里度個長假。(直接引語)
He__said，“She__will__come__here__to__have__a__long__holiday.”
課后課時作業(yè)
較易題(占比30%)　中檔題(占比70%)　拔高題(占比0%)
題號 Ⅰ Ⅱ Ⅲ
難度 ★★ ★★ ★
Ⅰ　完形填空
(2024·湖南省邵陽市高二下期中)Growing up in Mauritius, I love nature. Behind my house, there is a mountain named Le Pouce, where I spent much time __1__ the forest as a kid. However, my instinct (天性) for exploration __2__ at the water's edge. Even though Mauritius is an island country __3__ by the Indian Ocean, the thought of entering the ocean made me __4__．
When I was about 10, this started to change. I began learning about the __5__ climate change presented to island countries, and I started developing an interest in protecting the environment. I watched nature documentaries, __6__ the steps I could take to change the world, __7__ I still didn't know how to effectively achieve it. Later, I took the National Geographic Society's Exploring Conservation courses, which set me on a path to helping start and __8__ the Oceanic Project, an organization dedicated to helping people understand the ocean and enhancing people's __9__ of protecting the ocean.
Gradually, I realized how much humans __10__ the ocean for its natural resources and that it was not as dangerous as I had imagined. My fear was rooted in a(n) __11__ of falling into a river in my childhood. Determined to overcome it, I became a certified diver.
Diving plays a big part in my life now, and I work to __12__ the protection of the underwater environment. I got encouraged by the __13__ of the activity when a parent told me her son insisted on replacing plastic items in their home with bamboo alternatives after returning home.
Protecting the ocean is very __14__ and I'll keep devoting myself to it. And I sincerely hope more people will __15__ me. Only with everyone's effort can we make the world a wonderful place for human beings.
篇章導(dǎo)讀：本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了作者在毛里求斯長大，熱愛大自然，長大后開始致力于海洋環(huán)境保護。
1．A.exploring B．transforming
C．extending D．constructing
答案：A
解析：explore 探索；transform 使變形；extend 擴大；construct 建造。根據(jù)上文“Growing up in Mauritius, I love nature.”可知，此處指作者小時候花很多時間探索森林。故選A。
2．A.shifted B．a(chǎn)ppeared
C．stretched D．stopped
答案：D
解析：shift 轉(zhuǎn)移；appear 出現(xiàn)；stretch 拉長；stop 停止。根據(jù)下文“it was not as dangerous as I had imagined”以及上文“However”表示轉(zhuǎn)折可知，作者認為海洋很危險，所以探索的天性止步于水邊。故選D。
3．A.destroyed B．surrounded
C．covered D．represented
答案：B
解析：destroy 破壞；surround 圍繞；cover 覆蓋；represent 代表。根據(jù)下文“by the Indian Ocean”可知，此處指毛里求斯是一個被印度洋包圍的島國。故選B。
4．A.scared B．excited
C．a(chǎn)ddicted D．disappointed
答案：A
解析：scared 害怕的；excited 激動的；addicted 沉迷的；disappointed 失望的。上文“my instinct (天性) for exploration __2__ at the water's edge”提到作者不探索水邊，說明害怕進入海洋。故選A。
5．A.progress B．threat
C．opportunity D．image
答案：B
解析：progress 進步；threat 威脅；opportunity 機會；image 圖像。根據(jù)下文“climate change presented to island countries”以及常識可知，氣候變化會給島國帶來威脅。故選B。
6．A.avoiding B．counting
C．highlighting D．considering
答案：D
解析：avoid 避免；count 計算；highlight 突出；consider 考慮。根據(jù)下文“the steps I could take to change the world”可知，此處指作者考慮采取哪些措施來改變世界。故選D。
7．A.then B．yet
C．thus D．moreover
答案：B
解析：then 然后；yet 然而；thus 因此；moreover 此外。上文提到作者考慮采取措施來改變世界，下文“I still didn't know how to effectively achieve it”提到作者仍然不知道如何有效地實現(xiàn)它，上下文為轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，應(yīng)用yet。故選B。
8．A.lead B．follow
C．recognize D．prevent
答案：A
解析：lead 帶領(lǐng)；follow 跟隨；recognize 識別；prevent 阻止。根據(jù)下文“the Oceanic Project, an organization”可知，此處指作者領(lǐng)導(dǎo)海洋項目。故選A。
9．A.efficiency B．a(chǎn)wareness
C．memory D．confidence
答案：B
解析：efficiency 效率；awareness 意識；memory 記憶；confidence 自信。根據(jù)上文“an organization dedicated to helping people understand the ocean and enhancing people's”可知，海洋項目組織致力于幫助人們了解海洋和提高人們保護海洋的意識。故選B。
10．A.paid back B．a(chǎn)dapted to
C．depended on D．kept up
答案：C
解析：pay back 償還；adapt to 適應(yīng)；depend on 依靠；keep up 堅持。根據(jù)下文“the ocean for its natural resources”可知，人類依賴海洋的自然資源。故選C。
11．A.mood B．imagination
C．hobby D．experience
答案：D
解析：mood 情緒；imagination 想象力；hobby 愛好；experience 經(jīng)歷。根據(jù)下文“of falling into a river in my childhood”可知，作者的恐懼源于童年時掉進河里的一次經(jīng)歷。故選D。
12．A.turn down B．hold back
C．a(chǎn)dd up D．contribute to
答案：D
解析：turn down 拒絕；hold back 克制；add up 加起來；contribute to 有助于。根據(jù)上文“I started developing an interest in protecting the environment”可知，作者致力于保護水下環(huán)境。故選D。
13．A.introduction B．influence
C．a(chǎn)dvertisement D．prediction
答案：B
解析：introduction 介紹；influence 影響；advertisement 廣告；prediction 預(yù)測。根據(jù)下文“of the activity ... after returning home”可知，作者受鼓舞是因為一個活動的影響。故選B。
14．A.risky B．impractical
C．shocking D．crucial
答案：D
解析：risky 有風(fēng)險的；impractical 不切實際的；shocking 可怕的；crucial 重要的。根據(jù)下文“and I'll keep devoting myself to it”可知，作者將繼續(xù)致力于保護海洋，因為這是重要的。故選D。
15．A.join B．respect
C．teach D．guide
答案：A
解析：join 加入；respect 尊重；teach 教學(xué)；guide 指導(dǎo)。根據(jù)下文“Only with everyone's ... for human beings.”可知，作者呼吁更多人加入環(huán)保活動中。故選A。
Ⅱ　七選五
(2024·湖南省長郡中學(xué)高二下質(zhì)量檢測)Once considered an optional lifestyle choice, recycling has become a commonplace activity in most areas. One type of recycling, called downcycling, involves re purposing a material into a new product of lesser quality. __1__
Downcycling is most common in terms of industrial materials. These products lose their value as they are recycled, which limits their capacity for new use. __2__ White writing paper, for example, is often downcycled into cardboard; once downcycled to this new form, it can no longer be used as white paper again. Another example of downcycling includes the use of plastic components.
__3__ Plastic, glass, and aluminium products coded with the number one may be remade into something of equal or greater value. This type of recycling is known as upcycling, and represents the forward compatibility of recycled components. Materials available for downcycling, such as water, juice, and milk bottles, are coded with the number two. They may not be used to contain food grade items again upon being downcycled.
　Items available for downcycling often require additional chemicals, energy, and other treatments in order to transform them into something usable. __4__ Trash bins, tables, and chairs are also considered materials with a high energy cost to recycle.
__5__ This usually occurs when a substance is blended with other substances, such as different types of plastic with various recycling codes. Since these products can no longer be made into new ones, they will either have to be reused or discarded, typically in a landfill.
A．Their recycled form is typically both weaker and cheaper than their original one.
B．When a product reaches a code seven, it is considered no longer recyclable.
C．Durable plastic products in particular require much additional treatment.
D．Giving products a new life is considered a good way to reuse materials and avoid waste.
E．It can include varying grades of plastic, paper products, and other materials.
F．These recycled materials may often be put into new use.
G．Products are provided with codes to determine their grades and whether or not they may be recycled.
篇章導(dǎo)讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了一種回收形式——降級回收，這種回收方式是將材料重新加工成質(zhì)量更低的新產(chǎn)品。
1．答案：E
解析：上文“One type of ... of lesser quality.”提到了降級回收的方式。E項(它可以包括不同等級的塑料、紙制品和其他材料。)承接上文，具體介紹降級回收的相關(guān)信息。故選E。
2．答案：A
解析：下文“White writing paper ... white paper again.”提到白色書寫紙被降級為硬紙板，所以不能再作為白紙使用。A項(它們的回收形式通常比原來的形式更弱且更便宜。)引出下文，下文的舉例是對降級回收形式進一步的解釋。故選A。
3．答案：G
解析：設(shè)空處為段首句，概括本段主要內(nèi)容。下文提到產(chǎn)品上的代碼或數(shù)字代表的是其等級以及是否可以回收。G項(產(chǎn)品都有代碼，以確定其等級和是否可以回收。)概括下文。故選G。
4．答案：C
解析：根據(jù)上文“Items available for ... into something usable.(可用于降級回收的物品通常需要額外的化學(xué)品、能源和其他處理才能將其轉(zhuǎn)化為可用的東西。)”可知，C項(耐用的塑料制品尤其需要更多的額外處理。)承接上文，繼續(xù)介紹降級回收的處理方式。故選C。
5．答案：B
解析：下文介紹不能回收的產(chǎn)品。B項(當產(chǎn)品達到代碼7時，它會被認為不可再回收。)引出下文。故選B。
Ⅲ　語法填空
(2024·江蘇省南京市六校聯(lián)合體學(xué)校高二下學(xué)情檢測)In China, Tree Planting Day falls __1__ March 12, but more often people plant trees during Qing Ming Festival in early April. Newly planted trees can survive more __2__ (easy) with a warmer climate and frequent spring rainfall at that time.
China set March 12 as the National Tree Planting Day in 1979 to honor Sun Yat sen, __3__ died on March 12, 1925. Sun had once called for planting trees.
　Since 2013, Xi Jinping, who is the president of China, __4__ (join) Beijing citizens in tree planting activities for eleven years in a row. President Xi called on __5__ public to stick to the tradition of planting trees in spring. In 2017, he attended a tree planting activity in Chaoyang district of Beijing and said __6__ students should establish an awareness of protecting the environment and cherish the green plants.
China has seen a __7__ (remark) growth in forest resources and afforestation (造林) projects. Nationwide voluntary tree planting campaigns in China over the past four decades have seen increased participation by members of the public and nearly 79 billion __8__ (tree) have been planted. The campaign has made China the country with the __9__ (large) increase in forest resources and the largest area of __10__ (plant) forests.
1．________　2.________　3.________　4.________　5．________　6.________　7.________　8.________　9．________　10.________
篇章導(dǎo)讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章主要說明了植樹節(jié)的來歷以及其重要意義。
1．答案：on
解析：考查介詞。在具體的某一天，應(yīng)用介詞on。故填on。
2．答案：easily
解析：考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。應(yīng)用副詞easily修飾謂語動詞survive，作狀語。故填easily。
3．答案：who
解析：考查定語從句的引導(dǎo)詞。設(shè)空處引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，修飾先行詞Sun Yat－sen，指人，從句中缺少主語。故填who。
4．答案：has joined
解析：考查動詞的時態(tài)和主謂一致。根據(jù)時間狀語Since 2013可知，應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時，主語為Xi Jinping，助動詞應(yīng)用has。故填has joined。
5．答案：the
解析：考查冠詞。句意：習(xí)主席呼吁公眾堅持春天植樹的傳統(tǒng)。the public表示“公眾”。故填the。
6．答案：that
解析：考查賓語從句的連接詞。此處為間接引語，設(shè)空處引導(dǎo)賓語從句，引導(dǎo)詞在從句中不作成分，沒有詞義，應(yīng)用that引導(dǎo)。故填that。
7．答案：remarkable
解析：考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。修飾名詞growth，應(yīng)用形容詞remarkable作定語。故填remarkable。
8．答案：trees
解析：考查名詞。根據(jù)上文79 billion可知，應(yīng)用名詞復(fù)數(shù)。故填trees。
9．答案：largest
解析：考查形容詞的最高級。根據(jù)上文定冠詞the及下文and the largest area可知，此處應(yīng)用形容詞的最高級。故填largest。
10．答案：planted
解析：考查非謂語動詞。設(shè)空處修飾名詞forest, plant與forest之間為被動關(guān)系，應(yīng)用過去分詞作定語。故填planted。
　精深閱讀
(2024·江蘇省南通市通州高級中學(xué)高二下階段測試)How can a large city find water for 10 million people if it is in the desert Fog catching nets on hills around the city of Lima, the capital of Peru, could solve the city's water shortages for good. A twenty meter high net tower will soon be displayed in the city as a solution to the problem.
Peru's capital city has just one inch of rain a year. The city sees high annual temperatures and water consumption rates. Located in a desert, the city's temperatures are higher than world averages. However, a unique feature of Lima's weather offers a way of meeting some of this demand. Located on the coast, Lima's surrounding hills are constantly bathed in waves of fog coming off the Pacific Ocean, and the moisture taken in by plants ensures they stay green year round.
　Inspired by fog nets placed by rural communities across the continent, Alberto Fernandez, a Chilean architect currently studying for a Ph.D.from University College London, has designed a series of towers and fog catching nets. They can collect as much as 1，000 liters of water per day, amounting to 3.6 million liters per year, if enough are put into use. Their towering structure allows them to get into the clouds, collecting more vital water vapor (蒸氣), and their unique shape means that no matter the direction of the wind, the moisture rich fog will strike some part of the structure directly.
The water will largely be used for agriculture—as the water would require filtering (過濾) before consumption—helping free up resources for city residents. Cheaper than filtering water from the Rimac River, these towers and nets, which Fernandez says could be built up to 200 meters high, are part of a series of designs for the Lima 2035 project. It aims to change current desertification and create a new place for sustainable and human centered food systems that promote healthy diets and improve incomes in the driest city on Earth.
篇章導(dǎo)讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了秘魯?shù)氖锥祭R這座地球上最干旱的城市通過安裝捕霧網(wǎng)來解決水資源短缺的問題。
1．What makes plants in Lima stay green year round
A．The heavy rainfall. B．The high temperature.
C．The net tower. D．The unique location.
答案：D
解析：細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“Located on the coast ... they stay green year round.”可知，利馬位于海岸的獨特位置使植物全年保持綠色。故選D。
2．What does Fernandez draw inspirations from
A．The direction of the wind.
B．The moisture rich fog.
C．The height of the tower.
D．The fog catching net.
答案：D
解析：細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的“Inspired by fog nets ... fog catching nets.”可知，F(xiàn)ernandez (費爾南德斯)的靈感來自農(nóng)村社區(qū)放置的捕霧網(wǎng)。故選D。
3．What will Fernandez's design mainly help to do
A．Supply drinking water.
B．Turn desert into rich soil.
C．Increase food production.
D．Develop healthy lifestyles.
答案：C
解析：細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“The water will largely ... for city residents.”和“It aims to change ... in the driest city on Earth.”可知，F(xiàn)ernandez的設(shè)計主要為農(nóng)業(yè)提供用水，提高城市收入，即提高當?shù)氐募Z食產(chǎn)量。故選C。
4．Which of following would be a suitable title for the text
A．Fog catching towers help solve water shortage
B．The driest city on Earth faces a serious problem
C．Fernandez designed the first fog catching net
D．Water plays a role in a sustainable food system
答案：A
解析：標題判斷題。文章圍繞利馬通過安裝捕霧網(wǎng)來解決水資源短缺的問題展開，介紹了利馬的地理位置使得霧氣成為一種寶貴的水資源，為該市提供穩(wěn)定的水源。這些收集的水將主要用于農(nóng)業(yè)，為該市居民提供一種可持續(xù)的水資源解決方案。A項(捕霧塔有助于解決水資源短缺問題)最適合作為文章標題。故選A。
精深閱讀——好詞句小練
(一)熱詞
1．display v. 展出；陳列；顯示
2．a(chǎn)verage n. 平均水平；平均數(shù)　adj. 平均的；一般的
3．moisture n. 水分；水汽；潮氣
4．strike v. 襲擊，突擊，進攻
5．desertification n. 沙漠化
(二)高頻短語
6．for good 永遠；永久
7．(be)__located__in/on 位于；坐落在
8．a(chǎn)cross__the__continent 橫跨整個大陸
9．free up 釋放；騰出(空間或時間)
10．a(chǎn)__series__of 一系列，一連串
(三)根據(jù)語境填入恰當?shù)膬?nèi)容
1．The valley is surrounded by towering (tower) walls of rock.
2．The direction of the wind is constantly (constant) changing.
3．Small towns in South India serve as economic and cultural centres for the surrounding (surround) villages.
(四)寫出下列句子中黑體部分的漢語釋義
4．Most of the wine is unfit for human consumption.飲用
5．We tried to ensure that everyone got a fair deal.確保
6．He is still involved in voluntary work promoting local enterprise.促進
(五)用方框中單詞的正確形式替換下列句子中的黑體部分
1．People in warring districts are dying because of lack of medicine.shortage
2．He produced a method to ease the traffic jams in the city.created
3．The present situation of the gold market has puzzled many economists.current
(六)長難句分析
Their towering structure allows them to get into the clouds, collecting more vital water vapor (蒸氣), and their unique shape means that no matter the direction of the wind, the moisture rich fog will strike some part of the structure directly.
句意：它們高聳的結(jié)構(gòu)使其能夠進入云層，收集更多重要的水蒸氣，它們獨特的形狀意味著無論風(fēng)向如何，富含水分的霧氣都會直接擊中結(jié)構(gòu)的某一部分。
分析：連詞and連接兩個并列句；前一分句主干是Their__towering__structure__allows_
_them__to__get__into__the__clouds，現(xiàn)在分詞短語collecting ... 作結(jié)果狀語；后一分句主干是their__unique__shape__means__that；that引導(dǎo)賓語從句。
(七)根據(jù)所給漢語，完成下列句子
1．The restaurant is located__in (位于) the heart of the city, making it easy for customers to find.
2．Our company is committed to meeting__this__demand__for (滿足對……的這一需求)sustainable and eco friendly products.
(八)仿寫句子
Inspired by fog nets placed by rural communities across the continent, Alberto Fernandez, a Chilean architect currently studying for a Ph.D.from University College London, has designed a series of towers and fog catching nets. (過去分詞短語作狀語)
仿寫：受到大自然之美的啟發(fā)，這位藝術(shù)家創(chuàng)作了一幅令人驚嘆的風(fēng)景畫。
Inspired__by__the__beauty__of__nature,__the__artist__created__a__stunning__landscape__painting.
1(共88張PPT)
WELCOME UNIT
UNIT 3 ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
單元主題：人與自然——環(huán)境保護
Section Ⅱ Learning About Language
——Build up your vocabulary——
一、構(gòu)詞法
Affix (prefix/suffix) 含義 例詞
com __________；表示強調(diào)；______ _______________, computer, community, communicate, complete
sus _________________ ________, suspect, suspend, suspense, suspicion
re 用于加強語氣，重新，再次，回到，反向 _______, refer, reverse, report, relate
logy ________________ _________, biology, geology, psychology, technology
ly 表示程度，狀態(tài)，方式；綁，捆 ___________, elderly, lonely, silly, unlikely
與……一起
共同
comprehensive
從下往上；在下方
sustain
restrict
……學(xué)；……論
ecology
frequently
二、同義詞造句(cause, be responsible for, bring about, lead to, result in)
1．因患肺癌而死亡者，約90%是吸煙所致。
________________________________________________________________
2．忽視環(huán)境保護將會導(dǎo)致許多嚴重的后果。
______________________________________________________________________________
Cigarette smoking is responsible for about 90% of deaths from lung cancer.
The ignorance of protecting the environment would result in a lot of severe consequences.
3．這些氣體對環(huán)境造成難以估量的破壞。
_________________________________________________________________
4．溫室氣體會導(dǎo)致氣候變化。
_________________________________________________________________
5．只有行動能夠帶來改變。
_________________________________________________________________
These gases cause untold damage to the environment.
Greenhouse gases could lead to climate change.
Only actions can bring about changes.
【規(guī)律總結(jié)】
cause作動詞，意為“引起”，常用于壞的方面；
be responsible for意為“對……負責(zé)”，其引申含義也可表示因果；
bring about表示實施者為了獲得某種結(jié)果而有目的地行動；
lead to與 result in相似，強調(diào)會造成某種結(jié)果，但產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果可能是壞的結(jié)果，也可能是好的結(jié)果，而且多用于描述客觀的可能性和對未來的預(yù)測。
WELCOME UNIT
——Discover useful structures——
預(yù)習(xí)檢測 詞匯打卡
自主學(xué)習(xí) 課時語法
目錄
CONTENTS
1
2
合作探究 課時重點
3
對點練習(xí) 鞏固所學(xué)
4
課后課時作業(yè)
5
預(yù)習(xí)檢測 詞匯打卡
一、閱讀單詞：寫出漢語含義
1．basin n. _____________
2．penguin n. ______
3．tropical adj. __________________
4．chaos n. _______________
5．nuclear adj. _________________________
6．jungle n. ________________
流域;盆地;盆
企鵝
熱帶的;來自熱帶的
混亂;雜亂;紊亂
原子能的;核能的;原子核的
(熱帶)叢林;密林
二、核心單詞：寫出英文單詞
1．_______ vi.& vt. 改革；(使)改正；改造　n. 改革；變革；改良
2．_______ vt. 經(jīng)歷；經(jīng)受(變化、不快等)
3．_________ vt. 使生效；貫徹；執(zhí)行
4．_______ vt.& vi. 提交；呈遞；屈服
reform
undergo
implement
submit
三、拓展單詞：寫出下列單詞的詞性轉(zhuǎn)換(可查字典)
1．harmonious adj. 和諧的→________ n. 融洽；和諧；和睦→___________ adv. 和諧地
2．moderate adj. 適度的；中等的；溫和的　vi.& vt.緩和；使適中→_________ adv. 適度；適量→___________ n. 適度；適中；合理
3．a(chǎn)nnual adj. 每年的；一年的　n. 年刊；年鑒→________ adv. 一年一次地
4．sensitive adj.敏感的；善解人意的；靈敏的→______ n. 感覺；意識；理智；意義　vt.感覺到；意識到→________ adj. 明智的；合理的→_________ adv. 敏感地；易受傷害地；謹慎地
四、核心短語：寫出英語表達
____________ 代表(代替)某人
harmony
harmoniously
moderately
moderation
annually
sense
sensible
sensitively
on behalf of
自主學(xué)習(xí) 課時語法
補全句子，總結(jié)規(guī)律
1．He said, “I like it very much.”
→He said that ________ it very much.
2．He said to me, “I've left my book in your room.”
→He _____ me that _________ his book in my room.
3．“I don't want to set down a series of facts in a diary，” said Anne.
→Anne said that ______________ to set down a series of facts in a diary.
4．The boy said, “I'm using a knife.”
→The boy said that ____________ a knife.
5．They said, “We saw her in the street.”
→They said that _____________ her in the street.
he liked
told
he had left
she didn’t want
he was using
they had seen
6．The woman said, “I will come this morning.”
→The woman said that _____________ that morning.
7．He said, “These books are mine.”
→He said that ______ books were his.
8．She said, “Did you see him last night？”
→She _________________________ him ______________．
9．“What do you want？” he asked me.
→He asked me what ________．
10．He said, “Don't make so much noise, boys.”
→He ______________________ so much noise.
she would go
those
asked (me) whether I had seen
the night before
I wanted
told the boys not to make
合作探究 課時重點
探究一　熱詞
1.reform vi.& vt. 改革；(使)改正；改造　n. 改革；變革；改良(教材P28)
reformation n. 改革；改進；變革
reformer n. 改革者；改良者
reform ... into ... 把……改造成……
reform sb/oneself 改造某人/改過自新
reform of ... ……的改革
①He devoted all his energies to the reformation of science.
他把他的全部精力投入到了科學(xué)革新中。
②The reformer actively advocated for educational reform to improve the quality of teaching in schools.
這位改革者積極倡導(dǎo)教育改革，以提高學(xué)校的教學(xué)質(zhì)量。
③We will try to reform him within the community.
我們將盡力在社區(qū)內(nèi)部對他進行改造。
④The group intends to petition Parliament for reform of the law.
這個團體準備請求議會修改法律。
【學(xué)會運用】　單句語法填空
①The criminal promised to reform _______ (he) so he was released on parole.
②She was believed to be the last of the great educational ________ (reform)．
③He has urged complete reform ____ the welfare system.
【學(xué)會表達】　完成句子
④他們早已通過參加生產(chǎn)改造成為了好公民。
____________________________________________________________________
himself
reformer
of
They have already been reformed into good citizens through participation in production.
2．harmonious adj. 和諧的→________ n. 融洽；和諧；和睦→______________ adv. 和諧地
The community works harmoniously together to create a harmonious environment, filled with harmony and mutual respect.
這個社區(qū)相處和諧，共同努力創(chuàng)造一種充滿了融洽和相互尊重的和諧環(huán)境。
harmony
harmoniously
3．sensitive adj. 敏感的；善解人意的；靈敏的→______ n. 感覺；意識；理智；意義　vt. 感覺到；意識到→________ adj. 明智的；合理的→_________ adv. 敏感地；易受傷害地；謹慎地
She has a keen sense of smell and is very sensitive to perfumes, so it is sensible for her to sensibly choose fragrance free products for her skin.
她的嗅覺很敏銳，對香水非常敏感，所以她謹慎地選擇無香料護膚品是明智的。
sense
sensible
sensitively
【學(xué)會運用】　單句語法填空
①The abuse of women needs to be treated seriously and __________ (sensitive)．
②The story shows people that human beings can live with the animals ___________ (harmonious)．
【學(xué)會表達】　完成句子
③輕柔的旋律在房間里營造了一種和諧的氛圍。
____________________________________________________________________
④他對他人的感受很敏感，總是盡量避免傷害他們。
____________________________________________________________________
sensitively
harmoniously
The soft melodies created a harmonious atmosphere in the room.
He is very sensitive to other people’s feelings and always tries to avoid hurting them.
探究二　直接引語和間接引語
(1)時態(tài)的變化
直接引語向間接引語轉(zhuǎn)化時，通常將賓語之中的時態(tài)往后推一個時態(tài)。
直接引語和間接引語：直接引述別人的原話，叫直接引語(Direct Speech)。用自己的話轉(zhuǎn)述別人的話，叫間接引語(Indirect Speech)。
語法點1　直接引語是陳述句時，間接引語應(yīng)改為由that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句，同時注意時態(tài)、人稱、時間狀語、地點狀語等的變化
直接引語 一般現(xiàn)在時→ 一般將來時→ 一般過去時→ 現(xiàn)在完成時→ 現(xiàn)在進行時→ 間接引語
一般過去時
過去將來時
過去完成時
過去完成時
過去進行時
①“I don't mind，” he said.
→He said he didn't mind.
②“It will rain soon，” he said.
→He said that it would rain soon.
③She said, “I went there yesterday.”
→She said that she had gone there the day before.
④He said, “You have told me this story.”
→He said that I had told him that story.
⑤He said, “I am waiting for her.”
→He said that he was waiting for her.
(2)人稱的變化
主語：一隨主，二隨賓，三不變。
①She said, “I will go home.”
→She said that she would go home.(一隨主)
②She said to me, “You can go with me.”
→She said to me that I could go with her.(二隨賓)
③She said to me, “He will go home.”
→She said to me that he would go home.(三不變)
(3)時間狀語、地點狀語等其他變化
①時間狀語：now→then; today→that day; tonight→that night; tomorrow→the next day; yesterday→the day before; this week (month, year ... )→that week (month, year ... ); last week (month, year ... )→the week (month, year ... ) before; next week (month, year ... )→the next/following week (month, year ... ); two days (weeks, months, years ... ) ago→two days (weeks, months, years ... ) before; so far→by then
②地點狀語：here→there
③指示代詞：this→that; these→those
④方向性動詞：come→go
(1)直接引語是客觀真理時。
“The earth moves around the sun and the moon moves around the earth，” the teacher told me.
→The teacher told me the earth moves around the sun and the moon moves around the earth.
(2)直接引語是過去進行時時。
Jack said, “Lily, where were you going when I met you in the street？”
→Jack asked Lily where she was going when he met her in the street.
語法點2　直接引語變?yōu)殚g接引語時，時態(tài)一般不變化的情況
(3)直接引語中有具體的過去某年、某月、某日作狀語，變?yōu)殚g接引語時。
Tom said, “I was born on April 20, 1980.”
→Tom said he was born on April 20, 1980.
(4)直接引語是一般現(xiàn)在時，表示一種反復(fù)出現(xiàn)或習(xí)慣性的動作，變?yōu)殚g接引語時。
He said, “I get up at six every morning.”
→He said he gets up at six every morning.
(5)直接引語中的情態(tài)動詞沒有過去時的形式(例：ought to, had better, used to)或已經(jīng)是過去時的形式時(例：could, should, would, might)。
Peter said, “You had better come today.”
→Peter said I had better come that day.
①“You have finished the homework, haven't you？” my mother asked.
→My mother asked me whether/if I had finished the homework.
②“Do you go to school by bus or by bike？” he asked.
→He asked me whether/if I went to school by bus or by bike.
③She said, “Is your father an engineer？”
→She asked me whether/if my father was an engineer.
語法點3　直接引語是反意疑問句、選擇疑問句或一般疑問句時，間接引語應(yīng)改為由whether或if引導(dǎo)的賓語從句
“Where have you been, Li Ming？” the teacher asked.
→The teacher asked Li Ming where he had been.
語法點4　直接引語是特殊疑問句時，間接引語應(yīng)改為由疑問代詞或疑問副詞引導(dǎo)的賓語從句(賓語從句必須用陳述句語序)
①He said, “Sit down, please.”
→He asked me to sit down.
②The teacher said, “Don't talk in class！”
→The teacher told us not to talk in class!
語法點5　直接引語是祈使句時，間接引語應(yīng)改為“tell (ask, order, advise等) sb (not) to do sth”
He said, “Let's go to the film.”
→He suggested going to the film./He suggested that they (should) go to the film.
語法點6　直接引語是以“Let's”開頭的祈使句，變?yōu)殚g接引語時，通常用“suggest＋動名詞或that ... (should) do”
(1)單句語法填空
①We then asked the child _________ she could see what her mom held in hand.
②The teacher said that she _________ (graduate) from university in 2010.
③The doctor told me ________ (take) the medicine three times a day.
④Mother told me that a friend in need ___ (be) a friend indeed.
⑤He said that another new hospital ____________ (build) when he went back to his hometown the year before.
if/whether
graduated
to take
is
had been built
(2)將下列直接引語變?yōu)殚g接引語
①The teacher said to us，“Light travels much faster than sound.”
→__________________________________________________________________
②Susan asked me，“Do you like American country music？”
→__________________________________________________________________
③The captain said to the soldier, “Get it done by two o'clock.”
→__________________________________________________________________
The teacher told us that light travels much faster than sound.
Susan asked me if/whether I liked American country music.
The captain ordered the soldier to get it done by two o’clock.
④“What do you want to eat tonight？” Tom asked me.
→__________________________________________________________________
⑤“I'm sorry, but I have already had an engagement tonight，” Lucy said.
→__________________________________________________________________
Tom asked me what I wanted to eat that night.
Lucy said that she was sorry but that she had already had an engagement that night.
對點練習(xí) 鞏固所學(xué)
維度一　高頻詞匯
(一)寫出下列詞綴的含義及例詞
1． logy→________________→________；________
2．sus →__________________→________；________
3．com →__________________→______________；__________
4． ly→表示______________________→_________；________
……學(xué)；……論
ecology
biology
從下往上；在下方
sustain
suspect
與……一起；共同
comprehensive
community
程度,狀態(tài),方式；綁,捆
frequently
elderly
(二)選詞填空
1．The government is planning to _______ the education system in the country.
2．He prefers to take a ________ approach when dealing with conflicts.
3．The city was in ______ after the earthquake hit.
4．We need to ___________ new strategies to improve our business operations.
5．We strive to create a ___________ work environment for all employees.
reform
harmonious, implement, reform, moderate, chaos
moderate
chaos
implement
harmonious
維度二　語法運用
(三)將下列直接引語變?yōu)殚g接引語
1．“I will come and see you again this evening, Tom，” she said.
→__________________________________________________________________
2．The geography teacher said to us，“The earth travels around the sun.”
→__________________________________________________________________
She told Tom that she would go and see him again that evening.
The geography teacher told us that the earth travels around the sun.
3．Mary asked me，“When did the British prince become infected with the disease？”
→__________________________________________________________________
4．She said, “Do you like watching the advertisements on TV？”
→__________________________________________________________________
5．His mother said to me, “Mr Harry is in charge of the work.”
→__________________________________________________________________
Mary asked me when the British prince became infected with the disease.
She asked me whether/if I liked watching the advertisements on TV.
His mother told me that Mr Harry was in charge of the work.
維度三　素養(yǎng)提升
(四)根據(jù)所給漢語，完成下列句子
1．我謹代表學(xué)生會感謝大家。
________________________ I would like to thank you all.
2．他粗心的駕駛導(dǎo)致了一場嚴重的事故。
His careless driving _________ a serious accident.
3．我酗酒多年，但現(xiàn)在我已經(jīng)改過自新了。
For years I was an alcoholic, ____________________________．
On behalf of Student Union
resulted in
but now I have reformed myself
(五)翻譯
1．瑪麗說她想擁有一臺她自己的電腦。(間接引語)
____________________________________________________________________
2．他說，她要來這里度個長假。(直接引語)
____________________________________________________________________
Mary said that she wanted to have a computer of her own.
He said,“She will come here to have a long holiday.”
課后課時作業(yè)
較易題(占比30%)　中檔題(占比70%)　拔高題(占比0%)
題號 Ⅰ Ⅱ Ⅲ
難度 ★★ ★★ ★
Ⅰ　完形填空
(2024·湖南省邵陽市高二下期中)Growing up in Mauritius, I love nature. Behind my house, there is a mountain named Le Pouce, where I spent much time __1__ the forest as a kid. However, my instinct (天性) for exploration __2__ at the water‘s edge. Even though Mauritius is an island country __3__ by the Indian Ocean, the thought of entering the ocean made me __4__．
When I was about 10, this started to change. I began learning about the __5__ climate change presented to island countries, and I started developing an interest in protecting the environment. I watched nature documentaries, __6__ the steps I could take to change the world, __7__ I still didn't know how to effectively achieve it. Later, I took the National Geographic Society's Exploring Conservation courses, which set me on a path to helping start and __8__ the Oceanic Project, an organization dedicated to helping people understand the ocean and enhancing people's __9__ of protecting the ocean.
Gradually, I realized how much humans __10__ the ocean for its natural resources and that it was not as dangerous as I had imagined. My fear was rooted in a(n) __11__ of falling into a river in my childhood. Determined to overcome it, I became a certified diver.
Diving plays a big part in my life now, and I work to __12__ the protection of the underwater environment. I got encouraged by the __13__ of the activity when a parent told me her son insisted on replacing plastic items in their home with bamboo alternatives after returning home.
Protecting the ocean is very __14__ and I'll keep devoting myself to it. And I sincerely hope more people will __15__ me. Only with everyone's effort can we make the world a wonderful place for human beings.
篇章導(dǎo)讀：本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了作者在毛里求斯長大，熱愛大自然，長大后開始致力于海洋環(huán)境保護。
篇章導(dǎo)讀
1．A.exploring B．transforming
C．extending D．constructing
解析： explore 探索；transform 使變形；extend 擴大；construct 建造。根據(jù)上文“Growing up in Mauritius, I love nature.”可知，此處指作者小時候花很多時間探索森林。故選A。
答案
解析
2．A.shifted B．a(chǎn)ppeared
C．stretched D．stopped
解析： shift 轉(zhuǎn)移；appear 出現(xiàn)；stretch 拉長；stop 停止。根據(jù)下文“it was not as dangerous as I had imagined”以及上文“However”表示轉(zhuǎn)折可知，作者認為海洋很危險，所以探索的天性止步于水邊。故選D。
3．A.destroyed B．surrounded
C．covered D．represented
解析： destroy 破壞；surround 圍繞；cover 覆蓋；represent 代表。根據(jù)下文“by the Indian Ocean”可知，此處指毛里求斯是一個被印度洋包圍的島國。故選B。
答案
解析
4．A.scared B．excited
C．a(chǎn)ddicted D．disappointed
解析： scared 害怕的；excited 激動的；addicted 沉迷的；disappointed 失望的。上文“my instinct (天性) for exploration __2__ at the water's edge”提到作者不探索水邊，說明害怕進入海洋。故選A。
5．A.progress B．threat
C．opportunity D．image
解析： progress 進步；threat 威脅；opportunity 機會；image 圖像。根據(jù)下文“climate change presented to island countries”以及常識可知，氣候變化會給島國帶來威脅。故選B。
答案
解析
6．A.avoiding B．counting
C．highlighting D．considering
解析： avoid 避免；count 計算；highlight 突出；consider 考慮。根據(jù)下文“the steps I could take to change the world”可知，此處指作者考慮采取哪些措施來改變世界。故選D。
7．A.then B．yet
C．thus D．moreover
解析： then 然后；yet 然而；thus 因此；moreover 此外。上文提到作者考慮采取措施來改變世界，下文“I still didn't know how to effectively achieve it”提到作者仍然不知道如何有效地實現(xiàn)它，上下文為轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，應(yīng)用yet。故選B。
答案
解析
8．A.lead B．follow
C．recognize D．prevent
解析： lead 帶領(lǐng)；follow 跟隨；recognize 識別；prevent 阻止。根據(jù)下文“the Oceanic Project, an organization”可知，此處指作者領(lǐng)導(dǎo)海洋項目。故選A。
9．A.efficiency B．a(chǎn)wareness
C．memory D．confidence
解析： efficiency 效率；awareness 意識；memory 記憶；confidence 自信。根據(jù)上文“an organization dedicated to helping people understand the ocean and enhancing people's”可知，海洋項目組織致力于幫助人們了解海洋和提高人們保護海洋的意識。故選B。
答案
解析
10．A.paid back B．a(chǎn)dapted to
C．depended on D．kept up
解析： pay back 償還；adapt to 適應(yīng)；depend on 依靠；keep up 堅持。根據(jù)下文“the ocean for its natural resources”可知，人類依賴海洋的自然資源。故選C。
11．A.mood B．imagination
C．hobby D．experience
解析：mood 情緒；imagination 想象力；hobby 愛好；experience 經(jīng)歷。根據(jù)下文“of falling into a river in my childhood”可知，作者的恐懼源于童年時掉進河里的一次經(jīng)歷。故選D。
答案
解析
12．A.turn down B．hold back
C．a(chǎn)dd up D．contribute to
解析：turn down 拒絕；hold back 克制；add up 加起來；contribute to 有助于。根據(jù)上文“I started developing an interest in protecting the environment”可知，作者致力于保護水下環(huán)境。故選D。
13．A.introduction B．influence
C．a(chǎn)dvertisement D．prediction
解析： introduction 介紹；influence 影響；advertisement 廣告；prediction 預(yù)測。根據(jù)下文“of the activity ... after returning home”可知，作者受鼓舞是因為一個活動的影響。故選B。
答案
解析
14．A.risky B．impractical
C．shocking D．crucial
解析： risky 有風(fēng)險的；impractical 不切實際的；shocking 可怕的；crucial 重要的。根據(jù)下文“and I'll keep devoting myself to it”可知，作者將繼續(xù)致力于保護海洋，因為這是重要的。故選D。
15．A.join B．respect
C．teach D．guide
解析： join 加入；respect 尊重；teach 教學(xué)；guide 指導(dǎo)。根據(jù)下文“Only with everyone's ... for human beings.”可知，作者呼吁更多人加入環(huán)保活動中。故選A。
答案
解析
Ⅱ　七選五
(2024·湖南省長郡中學(xué)高二下質(zhì)量檢測)Once considered an optional lifestyle choice, recycling has become a commonplace activity in most areas. One type of recycling, called downcycling, involves re purposing a material into a new product of lesser quality. __1__
Downcycling is most common in terms of industrial materials. These products lose their value as they are recycled, which limits their capacity for new use. __2__ White writing paper, for example, is often downcycled into cardboard; once downcycled to this new form, it can no longer be used as white paper again. Another example of downcycling includes the use of plastic components.
__3__ Plastic, glass, and aluminium products coded with the number one may be remade into something of equal or greater value. This type of recycling is known as upcycling, and represents the forward compatibility of recycled components. Materials available for downcycling, such as water, juice, and milk bottles, are coded with the number two. They may not be used to contain food grade items again upon being downcycled.
Items available for downcycling often require additional chemicals, energy, and other treatments in order to transform them into something usable. __4__ Trash bins, tables, and chairs are also considered materials with a high energy cost to recycle.
__5__ This usually occurs when a substance is blended with other substances, such as different types of plastic with various recycling codes. Since these products can no longer be made into new ones, they will either have to be reused or discarded, typically in a landfill.
A．Their recycled form is typically both weaker and cheaper than their original one.
B．When a product reaches a code seven, it is considered no longer recyclable.
C．Durable plastic products in particular require much additional treatment.
D．Giving products a new life is considered a good way to reuse materials and avoid waste.
E．It can include varying grades of plastic, paper products, and other materials.
F．These recycled materials may often be put into new use.
G．Products are provided with codes to determine their grades and whether or not they may be recycled.
篇章導(dǎo)讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了一種回收形式——降級回收，這種回收方式是將材料重新加工成質(zhì)量更低的新產(chǎn)品。
篇章導(dǎo)讀
1．答案：E
解析：上文“One type of ... of lesser quality.”提到了降級回收的方式。E項(它可以包括不同等級的塑料、紙制品和其他材料。)承接上文，具體介紹降級回收的相關(guān)信息。故選E。
答案
解析
2．答案：A
解析：下文“White writing paper ... white paper again.”提到白色書寫紙被降級為硬紙板，所以不能再作為白紙使用。A項(它們的回收形式通常比原來的形式更弱且更便宜。)引出下文，下文的舉例是對降級回收形式進一步的解釋。故選A。
答案
解析
3．答案：G
解析：設(shè)空處為段首句，概括本段主要內(nèi)容。下文提到產(chǎn)品上的代碼或數(shù)字代表的是其等級以及是否可以回收。G項(產(chǎn)品都有代碼，以確定其等級和是否可以回收。)概括下文。故選G。
答案
解析
4．答案：C
解析：根據(jù)上文“Items available for ... into something usable.(可用于降級回收的物品通常需要額外的化學(xué)品、能源和其他處理才能將其轉(zhuǎn)化為可用的東西。)”可知，C項(耐用的塑料制品尤其需要更多的額外處理。)承接上文，繼續(xù)介紹降級回收的處理方式。故選C。
答案
解析
5．答案：B
解析：下文介紹不能回收的產(chǎn)品。B項(當產(chǎn)品達到代碼7時，它會被認為不可再回收。)引出下文。故選B。
Ⅲ　語法填空
(2024·江蘇省南京市六校聯(lián)合體學(xué)校高二下學(xué)情檢測)In China, Tree Planting Day falls __1__ March 12, but more often people plant trees during Qing Ming Festival in early April. Newly planted trees can survive more __2__ (easy) with a warmer climate and frequent spring rainfall at that time.
China set March 12 as the National Tree Planting Day in 1979 to honor Sun Yat sen, __3__ died on March 12, 1925. Sun had once called for planting trees.
Since 2013, Xi Jinping, who is the president of China, __4__ (join) Beijing citizens in tree planting activities for eleven years in a row. President Xi called on __5__ public to stick to the tradition of planting trees in spring. In 2017, he attended a tree planting activity in Chaoyang district of Beijing and said __6__ students should establish an awareness of protecting the environment and cherish the green plants.
China has seen a __7__ (remark) growth in forest resources and afforestation (造林) projects. Nationwide voluntary tree planting campaigns in China over the past four decades have seen increased participation by members of the public and nearly 79 billion __8__ (tree) have been planted. The campaign has made China the country with the __9__ (large) increase in forest resources and the largest area of __10__ (plant) forests.
1．________　2．________　3．________　4．________　5．________　
6．________　7．________　8．________　9．________　10．________
篇章導(dǎo)讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章主要說明了植樹節(jié)的來歷以及其重要意義。
篇章導(dǎo)讀
1．答案：on
解析：考查介詞。在具體的某一天，應(yīng)用介詞on。故填on。
答案
解析
2．答案：easily
解析：考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。應(yīng)用副詞easily修飾謂語動詞survive，作狀語。故填easily。
3．答案：who
解析：考查定語從句的引導(dǎo)詞。設(shè)空處引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，修飾先行詞Sun Yat－sen，指人，從句中缺少主語。故填who。
答案
解析
4．答案：has joined
解析：考查動詞的時態(tài)和主謂一致。根據(jù)時間狀語Since 2013可知，應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時，主語為Xi Jinping，助動詞應(yīng)用has。故填has joined。
5．答案：the
解析：考查冠詞。句意：習(xí)主席呼吁公眾堅持春天植樹的傳統(tǒng)。the public表示“公眾”。故填the。
答案
解析
6．答案：that
解析：考查賓語從句的連接詞。此處為間接引語，設(shè)空處引導(dǎo)賓語從句，引導(dǎo)詞在從句中不作成分，沒有詞義，應(yīng)用that引導(dǎo)。故填that。
7．答案：remarkable
解析：考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。修飾名詞growth，應(yīng)用形容詞remarkable作定語。故填remarkable。
答案
解析
8．答案：trees
解析：考查名詞。根據(jù)上文79 billion可知，應(yīng)用名詞復(fù)數(shù)。故填trees。
9．答案：largest
解析：考查形容詞的最高級。根據(jù)上文定冠詞the及下文and the largest area可知，此處應(yīng)用形容詞的最高級。故填largest。
答案
解析
10．答案：planted
解析：考查非謂語動詞。設(shè)空處修飾名詞forest, plant與forest之間為被動關(guān)系，應(yīng)用過去分詞作定語。故填planted。
(2024·江蘇省南通市通州高級中學(xué)高二下階段測試)How can a large city find water for 10 million people if it is in the desert Fog catching nets on hills around the city of Lima, the capital of Peru, could solve the city's water shortages for good. A twenty meter high net tower will soon be displayed in the city as a solution to the problem.
精深閱讀
Peru's capital city has just one inch of rain a year. The city sees high annual temperatures and water consumption rates. Located in a desert, the city's temperatures are higher than world averages. However, a unique feature of Lima's weather offers a way of meeting some of this demand. Located on the coast, Lima's surrounding hills are constantly bathed in waves of fog coming off the Pacific Ocean, and the moisture taken in by plants ensures they stay green year round.
Inspired by fog nets placed by rural communities across the continent, Alberto Fernandez, a Chilean architect currently studying for a Ph.D.from University College London, has designed a series of towers and fog catching nets. They can collect as much as 1，000 liters of water per day, amounting to 3.6 million liters per year, if enough are put into use. Their towering structure allows them to get into the clouds, collecting more vital water vapor (蒸氣), and their unique shape means that no matter the direction of the wind, the moisture rich fog will strike some part of the structure directly.
The water will largely be used for agriculture—as the water would require filtering (過濾) before consumption—helping free up resources for city residents. Cheaper than filtering water from the Rimac River, these towers and nets, which Fernandez says could be built up to 200 meters high, are part of a series of designs for the Lima 2035 project. It aims to change current desertification and create a new place for sustainable and human centered food systems that promote healthy diets and improve incomes in the driest city on Earth.
篇章導(dǎo)讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了秘魯?shù)氖锥祭R這座地球上最干旱的城市通過安裝捕霧網(wǎng)來解決水資源短缺的問題。
篇章導(dǎo)讀
1．What makes plants in Lima stay green year round
A．The heavy rainfall.
B．The high temperature.
C．The net tower.
D．The unique location.
解析：細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“Located on the coast ... they stay green year round.”可知，利馬位于海岸的獨特位置使植物全年保持綠色。故選D。
答案
解析
2．What does Fernandez draw inspirations from
A．The direction of the wind.
B．The moisture rich fog.
C．The height of the tower.
D．The fog catching net.
解析：細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的“Inspired by fog nets ... fog catching nets.”可知，F(xiàn)ernandez (費爾南德斯)的靈感來自農(nóng)村社區(qū)放置的捕霧網(wǎng)。故選D。
答案
解析
3．What will Fernandez's design mainly help to do
A．Supply drinking water.
B．Turn desert into rich soil.
C．Increase food production.
D．Develop healthy lifestyles.
解析：細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“The water will largely ... for city residents.”和“It aims to change ... in the driest city on Earth.”可知，F(xiàn)ernandez的設(shè)計主要為農(nóng)業(yè)提供用水，提高城市收入，即提高當?shù)氐募Z食產(chǎn)量。故選C。
答案
解析
4．Which of following would be a suitable title for the text
A．Fog catching towers help solve water shortage
B．The driest city on Earth faces a serious problem
C．Fernandez designed the first fog catching net
D．Water plays a role in a sustainable food system
解析：標題判斷題。文章圍繞利馬通過安裝捕霧網(wǎng)來解決水資源短缺的問題展開，介紹了利馬的地理位置使得霧氣成為一種寶貴的水資源，為該市提供穩(wěn)定的水源。這些收集的水將主要用于農(nóng)業(yè)，為該市居民提供一種可持續(xù)的水資源解決方案。A項(捕霧塔有助于解決水資源短缺問題)最適合作為文章標題。故選A。
答案
解析
精深閱讀——好詞句小練
(一)熱詞
1．_______v. 展出；陳列；顯示
2． _______ n. 平均水平；平均數(shù)　adj. 平均的；一般的
3． ________ n. 水分；水汽；潮氣
4． ______ v. 襲擊，突擊，進攻
5．desertification n. ________
display
average
moisture
strike
沙漠化
(二)高頻短語
6．for good ___________
7． _______________ 位于；坐落在
8．__________________橫跨整個大陸
9．free up ________________________
10．__________一系列，一連串
永遠；永久
(be) located in/on
across the continent
釋放；騰出(空間或時間)
a series of
(三)根據(jù)語境填入恰當?shù)膬?nèi)容
1．The valley is surrounded by _________ (tower) walls of rock.
2．The direction of the wind is __________ (constant) changing.
3．Small towns in South India serve as economic and cultural centres for the ____________ (surround) villages.
towering
constantly
surrounding
(四)寫出下列句子中黑體部分的漢語釋義
4．Most of the wine is unfit for human consumption.______
5．We tried to ensure that everyone got a fair deal. ______
6．He is still involved in voluntary work promoting local enterprise. ______
飲用
確保
促進
(五)用方框中單詞的正確形式替換下列句子中的黑體部分
1．People in warring districts are dying because of lack of medicine.________
2．He produced a method to ease the traffic jams in the city. ________
3．The present situation of the gold market has puzzled many economists. ________
create， shortage， current
shortage
created
current
(六)長難句分析
Their towering structure allows them to get into the clouds, collecting more vital water vapor (蒸氣), and their unique shape means that no matter the direction of the wind, the moisture rich fog will strike some part of the structure directly.
句意：它們高聳的結(jié)構(gòu)使其能夠進入云層，收集更多重要的水蒸氣，它們獨特的形狀意味著無論風(fēng)向如何，富含水分的霧氣都會直接擊中結(jié)構(gòu)的某一部分。
分析：連詞and連接兩個_______；前一分句主干是________________________________________________，現(xiàn)在分詞短語collecting ... 作_________；后一分句主干是________________________ ；that引導(dǎo)______從句。
并列句
Their towering structure allows them to get into the clouds
結(jié)果狀語
their unique shape means that
賓語
(七)根據(jù)所給漢語，完成下列句子
1．The restaurant is __________ (位于) the heart of the city, making it easy for customers to find.
2．Our company is committed to _____________________ (滿足對……的這一需求)sustainable and eco friendly products.
located in
meeting this demand for
(八)仿寫句子
Inspired by fog nets placed by rural communities across the continent, Alberto Fernandez, a Chilean architect currently studying for a Ph.D.from University College London, has designed a series of towers and fog catching nets. (過去分詞短語作狀語)
仿寫：受到大自然之美的啟發(fā)，這位藝術(shù)家創(chuàng)作了一幅令人驚嘆的風(fēng)景畫。
____________________________________________________________________
Inspired by the beauty of nature, the artist created a stunning landscape painting.

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