資源簡介 英語 選擇性必修 第三冊[RJ]Section Ⅰ Reading and Thinking一、閱讀單詞及詞塊：寫出漢語含義1．graph n. 圖；圖表；曲線圖2．methane n. 甲烷；沼氣3．carbon n. 碳4．dioxide n. 二氧化物5．carbon dioxide 二氧化碳6．fossil n. 化石7．fuel n. 燃料；刺激性言行8．fossil fuel 化石燃料(如煤或石油)9．policy n. 政策；方針；原則10．footprint n. 足跡；(某物所占的)空間量；面積二、核心單詞：寫出英文單詞1．starve vi.& vt. (使)挨餓；餓死2．release vt.& n. 排放；釋放；發布3．worldwide adv. 遍及全球地 adj. 世界各地的；影響全世界的4．trend n. 趨勢；趨向；動向5．broadcast vt.& vi. 播送；廣播；傳播 n. 廣播節目；電視節目6．restrict vt. 限制；限定；束縛7．seize vt. 抓住；奪取；控制三、拓展單詞：寫出下列單詞的詞性轉換(可查字典)1．emission n. 排放物；散發物；排放→emit v. 發出；射出；散發2．melt vi.& vt. (使)融化；熔化；軟化→melting adj. 感人的；可同情的3．ecology n. 生態；生態學→ecological adj. 生態的；生態學的→ecologist n. 生態學家4．habitable adj. 適合居住的→habitat n. (動植物的)生活環境；棲息地5．sustain vt. 維持；遭受；承受住→sustainable adj. 可持續的；合理利用的6．comprehensive adj. 全部的；所有的；詳盡的→comprehension n. 理解力；領悟能力→comprehend v. 理解；領悟→comprehensively adv. 全面地，徹底地7．frequently adv. 頻繁地；經常→frequent adj. 頻繁的；經常發生的 vt. 常去，常到(某處)→frequency n. 頻率；發生率四、熟詞生義：寫出熟義seal 熟義：n. 海豹生義：vt. 封上(信封)；密封(容器)；確定，使成定局 n. 保證；信物課文三維剖析CLIMATE CHANGE REQUIRES THE WORLD'S ATTENTION氣候變化需要全世界的關注We have known about climate change for decades. There is little doubt that１ Earth is getting warmer and warmer (see the graph). A warming ocean and atmosphere along with２ melting ice and rising sea levels provide evidence of a dramatic change in the global climate. 我們了解氣候變化已有數十年之久了。毫無疑問，地球正變得越來越溫暖(如圖)。海洋和大氣變暖，以及冰層融化、海平面上升，都為全球氣候急劇變化提供了依據。 １引導同位語從句，解釋說明名詞doubt的具體內容 ２連接兩個并列成分作主語時，謂語動詞的數遵循“就遠原則” In 2013, a lot of people were shocked by a news photo of a dead polar bear that３ was found on Norway's Arctic island of Svalbard. According to the scientists who４ found its dead body, all that５ remained of the polar bear was “skin and bones”. An expert who６ has studied polar bears for many years said that７ from the position of its dead body, the bear appeared to have starved and died８. Experts claimed that９ low sea ice levels caused by climate change10 meant the bear could not hunt seals as before, so11 it had to travel greater distances in order to find food. This alarming case showed how12 the increase in temperature had an impact on Earth's ecology. 2013年，在挪威的北極圈斯瓦爾巴群島的一個島上，(人們)發現了一只死亡的北極熊，這張新聞圖片令許多人感到震驚。據發現北極熊尸體的科學家說，這只北極熊僅剩“皮包骨”。一位長期研究北極熊的專家說，從尸體的姿勢看，這只北極熊像是餓死的。專家稱，氣候變化導致的海冰面降低意味著北極熊無法像以前那樣捕食海豹，于是它只能長途跋涉去尋找食物。這一令人驚恐的案例反映了氣溫上升對地球生態造成的影響。 ３引導定語從句，修飾先行詞bear ４引導定語從句，修飾先行詞scientists ５引導定語從句，修飾先行詞all ６引導定語從句，修飾先行詞expert ７引導賓語從句 ８動詞不定式短語作表語 ９引導賓語從句 10過去分詞短語作后置定語，修飾low sea ice levels 11引導結果狀語從句 12引導賓語從句Then what is causing the increase in the global average surface temperature Climate scientists often mention a key climate process called the “greenhouse effect”13, which14 has two common meanings: the “natural” greenhouse effect and the “man made” greenhouse effect. The “natural” greenhouse effect refers to15 the fact that16 heat from the sun enters the atmosphere and17 warms Earth's surface as short wave radiation. The heat is released back into space at longer wave lengths. Greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, such as methane and carbon dioxide18, trap some of the heat, keeping Earth's climate warm and habitable19. Without this process, Earth could not sustain life. However, the “man made” greenhouse effect has now become a big problem. When people produce huge amounts of extra greenhouse gases by burning fossil fuels, more heat energy is trapped in the atmosphere and20 causes Earth's surface temperature to rise quickly. 那么，到底是什么導致全球平均地表溫度上升呢？氣候科學家常常會提到一個關鍵的氣候過程——“溫室效應”；它有兩個常見的含義：“天然”溫室效應和“人造”溫室效應。“天然”溫室效應指的是來自太陽的熱量以短波輻射的形式進入大氣層，使地表變暖。這一熱量以更大的波長被釋放回大氣層。大氣層中甲烷、二氧化碳等溫室氣體困住了部分熱量，從而使地球保持氣候溫暖、適宜居住。如果沒有這一過程，地球就無法維系生命。然而，“人造”溫室效應現在卻成為一個大問題。當人類由于燃燒化石燃料產生了大量額外的溫室氣體，更多的熱能被困在大氣層中，導致地表溫度迅速上升。 13過去分詞短語作后置定語，修飾名詞process 14引導非限制性定語從句，修飾先行詞greenhouse__effect 15refer to意為“指的是，涉及，與……相關”，其中to為介詞 16引導同位語從句，補充說明the fact的具體內容 17連接兩個并列謂語動詞enters和warms 18作Greenhouse gases的同位語 19現在分詞短語作結果狀語 20連接兩個并列謂語動詞is__trapped和causes There is strong and comprehensive evidence that21 the rise in temperature has led to an increase in extreme weather and natural disasters worldwide, not only causing serious damage, but also22 costing human lives. Climate scientists have warned that23 if24 we do not take appropriate actions, this warming trend will probably continue and there will be a higher price to pay. In fact, news reports are frequently broadcast about extreme rainstorms and25 heatwaves causing deaths and economic losses26. 確鑿、全面的證據表明，溫度上升導致全球極端天氣和自然災害增多，不僅造成嚴重破壞，而且使人喪命。氣候學家已發出警告：如果我們不采取適當的行動，這種變暖的趨勢可能會持續下去，而我們將為此付出更大的代價。事實上，有關極端暴風雨和熱浪造成死亡和經濟損失的新聞報道已屢見不鮮。 21引導同位語從句，補充說明名詞evidence的具體內容 22not only ... but also ... 連接兩個現在分詞短語causing__serious__damage和costing__human__lives作結果狀語 23引導賓語從句 24引導條件狀語從句 25連接兩個名詞rainstorms和heatwaves作介詞about的賓語 26現在分詞短語作后置定語Continued greenhouse gas emissions will result in further warming and long lasting changes to the global climate. This requires the attention of people all over the world. Governments need to consider making policies and27 taking appropriate actions and measures to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. We as individuals can also reduce our “carbon footprint” by restricting the amount of carbon dioxide our lifestyles produce. It28 is our responsibility to seize every opportunity to educate everyone about global warming, along with its causes and impacts, because29 this is the most serious issue affecting all of us on this planet30. So what will you do to help 27連接兩個動名詞短語making__policies和taking__appropriate__actions__and__measures作consider的賓語 28作形式主語，不定式短語to seize every ... 是真正的主語 29引導原因狀語從句 30現在分詞短語作后置定語 溫室氣體的持續排放將導致全球氣候進一步變暖，并帶來持久的變化。這需要全世界人的關注。各國政府需考慮制定政策并采取適當的行動和措施以減少溫室氣體的排放。作為個人，我們可以通過限制生活方式產生的二氧化碳量來減少我們的“碳足跡”。我們有責任抓住每一個機會，教育每個人了解全球變暖，包括其成因和影響，因為這是影響這個星球上我們所有人的最嚴重的問題。那么，你會做些什么來貢獻力量呢？閱讀領悟(一)填空并連線(二)完成氣候變化的思維導圖(三)問題鏈1．What do you think may have caused the global temperature rise The__greenhouse__effect.2．What evidence of climate change can you find A__warming__ocean_and_atmosphere__along__with__melting__ice__and__rising__sea__levels.3．How can individuals reduce “carbon footprint”？Take__public_transport/buy_the_recycled__products/recycle__bottles/paper/plastic__bags__...__探究一 熱詞1.starve vi.& vt. (使)挨餓；餓死(教材P26)starving adj. 極餓的；挨餓的 starvation n. 饑餓；挨餓；餓死 starve sb/sth of/for sth 使某人(或事物)得不到所需要的 starve sb out (of sth) 用饑餓迫使某人屈服；餓死某人 starve for sth 渴望得到某物 starve to death 餓死①Apart from anything else I was starving.別的不說，我快餓死了。②Twenty million people face starvation unless a vast emergency aid programme is launched.除非啟動大規模的緊急援助計劃，否則2，000萬人將面臨饑餓問題。③The department has been starved of resources.這個部門一直缺少資金。④I starve for your help in such condition.在這樣的情況下我渴望得到你的幫助。⑤They'll either die from the cold or starve to death.他們要么凍死，要么餓死。單句語法填空①Over three hundred people have died of starvation (starve) since the beginning of the year.②People starved of/for sleep start to lose their concentration and may hallucinate.③We had no foods to eat, so many people had starved to death.④The starving (starve) children were a pathetic sight.完成句子⑤生活在偏遠地區的孩子們渴望獲得知識。The children who live in the remote area starve__for__knowledge.2.release vt.& n. 排放；釋放；發布；發行，上映；松開(教材P27) release ... from ... 把……從……放出/解脫出來 release from ... 從……中的釋放 release of ……的發布/釋放①Firefighters took two hours to release the driver from the wreckage.消防員花了兩個小時將司機從汽車殘骸中救出。(緊急救援)②Her early release from prison led to a demonstration.她的提前出獄引發了一場示威游行。③I noticed a release of tension when he left the room.當他離開房間時，我注意到他緊張的情緒有所緩解。單句語法填空①He was released from a hospital last week after treatment for a disease.②There are strict rules on the release of official information.翻譯③他的一本新書將于下月出版。One__of__his__new__books__will__be__released__next__month.3.restrict vt. 限制；限定；束縛(教材P27)restriction n. 限制規定；限制法規；約束 restrictive adj. 限制性的；約束的 restricted adj. 有限的，很小的；受限制的 restrict ... to ... 把……限制在…… restrict oneself/sb to (doing) sth 限制/約束自己/某人不越出……的范圍 lift/remove a restriction (on sth) 撤銷(對某事的)限制 impose/place a restriction (on sth) (對某事)實行限制 be restricted to ... 僅限于……①He is self employed because he finds working for other people too restrictive.他自己當老板，因為他覺得給別人打工太受限制。②The French restricted Japanese imports to a maximum of 3 per cent of their market.法國把日本進口限制在其市場的3%以內。③Why don't you restrict yourself to setting down the facts 你為什么不限制自己只陳述事實呢？④The government has agreed to lift restrictions on press freedom.政府已經同意撤銷對新聞自由的限制。⑤Discipline problems are by no means restricted to children in families dependent on benefits.絕不只是依靠救濟金生活的家庭中的孩子才有紀律問題。單句語法填空①There are no restrictions (restrict) on the amount of money you can withdraw.②This is a restrictive (restrict) area because there's a “NO PARKING” sign over there.③She restricted herself to drinking (drink) a cup of coffee a day.④Access to the club is restricted to members only.翻譯⑤我們可以將每組成員的數量限制為9人。We__can__restrict__the__number__of__members__per__group__to__nine.4.seize vt. 抓住；奪取；控制(教材P27) seize sth from sb 從某人手中奪走某物 seize sb by the ... 抓住某人某部位 seize up (身體)發僵；停止運轉；發生故障 seize on/upon 抓住(可利用的事物)，突然大為關注 seize a chance/an opportunity 抓住機會①Maggie seized the letter from her.馬吉從她手中奪走了那封信。(動作描寫)②He seized her by the arm.他抓住了她的胳膊。(動作描寫)③We are all born flexible but as we grow older, we tend to seize up a little.我們生來就很靈活，但隨著年齡的增長，手腳會變得有些僵硬。④We are willing to work with all related parties to seize opportunities to develop the Belt and Road Initiative.我們愿與各方共同努力，抓住機遇，發展“一帶一路”倡議。單句語法填空①The monkey tried to seize the apple from a tourist, but failed.②If you think your idea has potential, seize on/upon it straight away.③When the slowdown eventually came, that financial system seized up．完成句子④五一即將來臨，我們想抓住這個機會，欣賞一下盤山的美景。With May Day on the horizon, we__would__like__to__seize__the__opportunity to enjoy the beautiful scenery of Mt Panshan.⑤他還沒來得及逃跑，她就抓住了他的衣領。Before he could run away, she__seized__him__by__the__collar．5．ecology n. 生態；生態學→ecological adj. 生態的，生態學的→ecologist n. 生態學家The ecologist studies the interactions between organisms and their environment in different ecosystems to understand the ecological balance and sustainability of our planet.生態學家研究不同生態系統中的生物與其環境之間的相互作用，以了解我們星球的生態平衡和可持續性。6．sustain vt. 維持；遭受；承受住；支撐→sustainable adj. 可持續的；合理利用的To ensure the long term health of our planet, it is essential to adopt sustainable practices that will help sustain the natural environment for future generations.為了確保我們星球的長期健康，采取可持續的做法至關重要，這將有助于為后代維持自然環境。7．comprehensive adj. 全部的；所有的；詳盡的→comprehension n. 理解力；領悟能力→comprehend v. 理解；領悟→comprehensively adv. 全面地，徹底地The professor's comprehensive lecture helped me to comprehend the complex subject matter more comprehensively.這位教授詳盡的講座幫助我更加徹底地理解了這一復雜的主題內容。8．frequently adv. 頻繁地；經常→frequent adj. 頻繁的，經常發生的 vt. 常去，常到(某處)→frequency n. 頻率；發生率I frequently visit the local bookstore, and I frequent it with such regularity that the owner knows my name and the frequency of my visits.我經常去當地的書店，我如此頻繁地光顧它，以至于店主知道我的名字和我來訪的頻率。單句語法填空①Protecting the environment is crucial for maintaining ecological (ecology) balance and ensuring the survival of many species.②Adopting renewable energy sources is essential for creating a sustainable (sustain) future for our planet.③I frequently (frequent) borrow books for my research projects from the library.完成句子④她使每個人都興趣盎然，直到聽她演講結束。She managed to sustain__everyone's__interest until the end of her speech.⑤我將永遠也不會理解她為什么那么做。I'll__never__comprehend why she did what she did.９ seal[熟義]n. 海豹 [生義]vt. 封上(信封)；密封(容器)；確定，使成定局 n. 保證；信物①The dark head of a seal bobbed up a few yards away.在幾碼遠處一只海豹的黑腦袋猛地鉆出水面。②Make sure you've signed the cheque before sealing the envelope.一定要在支票上簽了名后再封上信封。③The nuts are kept in sealed plastic bags.堅果被保存在密封的塑料袋里。④They drank a glass of wine to seal their new friendship.他們干了一杯，交成朋友。同義詞替換①I looked upon the gift as a seal on our friendship.mark翻譯②新發現的證據決定了他的命運。The__discovery__of__new__evidence__sealed__his__fate.③這些紙將被用來封住墻壁的洞。The__paper__will__be__used__for__sealing__up__holes__in__walls.探究二 長難句分析10.There is little doubt that Earth is getting warmer and warmer (see the graph)．(教材P26) 毫無疑問，地球正變得越來越溫暖(如圖)。【分析】 There is little/no doubt that ... 為固定句型，意為“毫無/幾乎沒有疑問……”，其中that引導同位語從句，解釋說明doubt 的具體內容。doubt其他常用搭配 no/without/beyond doubt 無疑地；必定；當然 in doubt 懷疑；拿不定主意；不確定；不確定狀態 have/make no doubt of ... 對……毫不懷疑 throw/cast doubt on/upon ... 對……產生懷疑 There is some doubt whether ... 對是否……有些疑問①There is little doubt that things will improve in the not too distant future.毫無疑問，事情在不遠的將來會有所改觀。②He is, without doubt, worthy of all the honors he has been given.毫無疑問，他配得上給予他的所有榮譽。③When in doubt, call the doctor.如有疑問，請致電醫生。④Elizabeth had no doubt at all of his ability to do the job.伊麗莎白對他做這項工作的能力毫不懷疑。⑤New evidence has cast doubt on the guilt of the man jailed for the crime.新的證據使人們對因犯罪入獄的那名男子的罪行產生了懷疑。 通常doubt用在否定句中，后面接that引導的同位語從句；doubt用在肯定句中，后面接whether引導的同位語從句，一般不用if替換whether。單句語法填空①Five minutes from the end, the outcome of the match was still in doubt.②This new information does throw doubt on/upon their choice.翻譯③我們是否能在最后期限前完成任務還有些疑問。There__is__some__doubt__whether__we__can__complete__the__task__before__the__deadline.④毫無疑問，如今漢語是世界上最重要的語言之一。There__is__no__doubt__that__today__Chinese__is__one__of__the__most__important__languages__in__the__world.維度一 高頻詞匯(一)寫出下列單詞和短語的英文1．methane n. 甲烷；沼氣2．fossil n. 化石3．carbon n. 碳4．ecology n. 生態；生態學5．graph n. 圖；圖表；曲線圖6．climate__change 氣候變化7．along__with 連同……一起8．be__shocked__by__...__ 被……震驚9．have__an__impact__on/upon__...__ 對……有影響10．be__trapped__in__...__ 被困在……里面(二)寫出下列句子中加黑部分的漢語釋義1．A woman picks them up and seals them in plastic bags.密封2．He released the handbrake and the car jumped forwards.松開3．Whole communities starved to death during the long drought.挨餓4．We all need to look for ways to reduce our carbon footprint.足跡5．The love and support of his family sustained him during his time in prison.支撐維度二 語境運用(三)根據語境填入恰當的內容1．Rising carbon emissions (emit) are a global concern.2．The findings suggest that caloric restriction (restrict) could delay aging.3．The well fed don't know how the starving (starve) suffer.4．His loyalty to his friends is never in doubt.5．We frequently (frequent) shy away from making decisions.(四)用方框中單詞的正確形式替換下列句子中的加黑部分restrict, worldwide, seize, frequently, sustain1．After the divorce, their father still maintained close contact with the boys.sustained2．While different cultures have different moral standards, some standards are universal.worldwide3．The teacher was angry because a student continually interrupted him during the lesson.frequently4．Please grasp every opportunity to express your strong point and put your heart into it.seize5．The amount of money you have to spend will limit your choice.restrict維度三 能力提升(五)長難句分析(2024·新課標Ⅰ卷)These observations now outnumber the primary data that comes from physical specimens (標本), and since we are increasingly using observational data to investigate how species are responding to global change, I wanted to know: Are they usable 句意：現在，這些觀測結果的數量超出了來自物理標本的原始數據，由于我們越來越多地使用觀測數據來研究物種如何應對全球變化，我想知道：它們有用嗎？分析：本句主干是These observations now outnumber the primary data and I wanted to know：Are they usable that引導定語從句，修飾先行詞the primary data；since引導原因狀語從句，how引導賓語從句，作investigate的賓語。(六)句型轉換1．She appeared that she had known the result of the competition as she showed no surprise at all when I told her that she had won first prize.(改為動詞不定式短語的完成式)→She__appeared__to__have__known the result of the competition as she showed no surprise at all when I told her that she had won first prize.2．I rushed to the station in a hurry, only to find the train had already gone.(改為現在分詞短語作結果狀語)→I rushed to the station in a hurry, finding__the__train__had__already__gone．維度四 素養提升(七)根據所給漢語，完成下列句子1．I was__shocked__by (被……震驚) the beauty of the sunset at the beach and took lots of photos.2．The inspiring speech must have__a__great__impact__on/upon (對……產生巨大影響) the students' future aspirations.3．He turned off only to find he was__trapped__in (被困在……里面) a town square with no easy exit.(八)翻譯1．我們應該抓住每一個學習和成長的機會。(seize)We__should__seize__every__opportunity__to__learn__and__grow.2．毫無疑問，氣候變化是一個緊迫的全球性問題。(There's no doubt that ... )There's__no__doubt__that__climate__change__is__an__urgent__global__issue.課后課時作業(一)較易題(占比70%) 中檔題(占比30%) 拔高題(占比0%)題號 Ⅰ Ⅱ Ⅲ難度 ★★ ★ ★Ⅰ 完形填空(2024·浙江省三鋒聯盟高二下聯考)Every year about 40，000 people attempt to climb Kilimanjaro, the highest mountain in Africa. They bring with them lots of waste. The __1__ might damage the beauty of the place. The glaciers (冰川) are disappearing, changing the __2__ of Kilimanjaro.Hearing these stories, I'm __3__ about the place—other destinations are described as “purer” natural experiences.However, I soon discovered that much has changed since the days of disturbing reports of __4__ among tons of rubbish. I find a clean mountain, with toilets at camps and along the paths. The environmental challenges are __5__ but the efforts made by the Tanzania National Park Authority seem to be __6__．The best of a Kilimanjaro __7__， in my opinion, isn't reaching the top. Mountains are regarded as spiritual places by many cultures. This __8__ is especially evident on Kilimanjaro as climbers go through five ecosystems (生態系統) in the space of a few kilometers. At the base is a rainforest. It ends abruptly at 3，000 meters, __9__ lands of low growing plants. Further up, the weather __10__—low clouds envelope the mountainsides, which are covered with thick grass. I __11__ twelve shades of green from where I stand. Above 4，000 meters is the highland __12__： gravel (礫石), stones and rocks. __13__ you climb into an arctic like zone with __14__ snow and the glaciers that may soon disappear.Does Kilimanjaro deserve its __15__ as a crowded mountain with lines of tourists ruining the atmosphere of peace I found the opposite to be true.篇章導讀：本文是一篇夾敘夾議文。文章主要講述了作者聽說乞力馬扎羅山被眾多游客破壞得面目全非，對此將信將疑，于是親自登山體驗，卻看到了全然相反的景象。1．A.crowds B．storiesC．reporters D．settlements答案：A解析：根據上文“Every year about 40，000 people attempt to climb Kilimanjaro”可知，去乞力馬扎羅山的人很多，所以擁擠的人群可能會破壞這個地方的美麗。故選A。2．A.age B．faceC．name D．position答案：B解析：根據上文“The glaciers (冰川) are disappearing”可知，山上的冰川消失，山體的面貌會發生變化。故選B。3．A.crazy B．doubtfulC．serious D．pessimistic答案：B解析：根據下文“other destinations are described as ‘purer’ natural experiences”及上文“lots of waste”可知，作者對這個地方被游客破壞得面目全非而感到懷疑。故選B。4．A.grass B．stonesC．camps D．equipment答案：C解析：根據上文“much has changed since the days of disturbing reports”和下文“I find a clean mountain, with toilets at camps and along the paths.”可推知，報道中說營地周圍都是成堆的垃圾。故選C。5．A.new B．specialC．necessary D．significant答案：D解析：根據下文“but”可知，環境挑戰雖然巨大，但還是取得了成功，上下文是轉折關系。significant意為“重大的；顯著的”。故選D。6．A.paying off B．blowing upC．fading away D．spreading out答案：A解析：根據上文“I find a clean mountain, with toilets at camps and along the paths.”可推知，地方政府作出的努力取得了成效，乞力馬扎羅山的環境得到了改善。故選A。7．A.experiment B．experienceC．atmosphere D．intervention答案：B解析：根據下文“This __8__ is ... a few kilometers.”可知，此處講述作者對登山過程的體驗。故選B。8．A.view B．reasonC．quality D．purpose答案：A解析：上文“The best of a Kilimanjaro __7__， in my opinion, isn't reaching the top.”作者表明了自己的觀點，根據下文“climbers go through five ecosystems (生態系統) in the space of a few kilometers”可知，登乞力馬扎羅山的過程中要穿過五個生態系統，證明了“最好的體驗并不是登頂”這一觀點。故選A。9．A.holding on to B．going back toC．living up to D．giving way to答案：D解析：根據上文“It ends abruptly at 3，000 meters”和下文“lands of low growing plants”可知，隨著海拔的上升，山腳的熱帶雨林突然在3，000米處結束，讓位給低矮植物。give way to意為“讓位于”。故選D。10．A.changes B．permitsC．improves D．dominates答案：A解析：根據下文“low clouds envelope the mountainsides”可知，隨著海拔的上升，天氣發生了變化。故選A。11．A.add B．matchC．count D．imagine答案：C解析：根據下文“twelve shades of green”可知，作者數了數，有十二種深淺不一的綠色。故選C。12．A.lake B．roadC．desert D．village答案：C解析：根據下文“gravel (礫石), stones and rocks”可知，這是高原沙漠的地貌特征。故選C。13．A.Directly B．FinallyC．Obviously D．Frequently答案：B解析：根據下文“an arctic like zone”和“snow and the glaciers”可知，最后到達了山頂。故選B。14．A.fresh B．littleC．artificial D．permanent答案：D解析：根據上文“arctic like zone”可知，山頂類似北極，有永久的積雪和冰川。故選D。15．A.reward B．ecologyC．history D．reputation答案：D解析：根據下文“a crowded mountain with lines of tourists ruining the atmosphere of peace”可知，這是作者親自登乞力馬扎羅山之前，新聞中報道的乞力馬扎羅山的名聲。deserve one's reputation意為“名副其實”。故選D。Ⅱ 閱讀(2024·山西省長治市高二下月考)For generations, Nafisa Bayniyazova and her family have made a living growing melons, pumpkins and tomatoes on farms around the Aral Sea. Bayniyazova, 50, has spent most of her life near Muynak, in northwestern Uzbekistan, tending the land. Farm life was sometimes difficult but generally reliable and productive.Now, Bayniyazova and other residents say they're facing a disaster they can't beat: climate change, which is speeding up the decades long disappearance of the Aral, once the lifeblood for the thousands living around it.Decades ago, deep blue and filled with fish, the Aral was one of the world's largest inland bodies of water. Thousands of migrants from across Asia and Europe moved to the Aral's shores for jobs popping up everywhere from canning factories to luxury vacation resorts. Today, the few remaining towns sit quiet along the former seabed of the Aral—technically classified as a lake, due to its lack of a direct outlet to the ocean, though residents and officials call it a sea.Much of its early disappearance is due to human engineering and agricultural projects gone wrong, now paired with climate change. Summers are hotter and longer; winters, shorter and bitterly cold.Without the moderating influence of a large body of water to regulate the climate, dust storms began to blow through towns. Strong winds caused dunes (沙丘) to swallow entire towns, and abandoned buildings were filled with sand. A dozen fish species went extinct, and businesses closed down. “The fish factories closed, the ships were stuck in the harbor, and the workers all left，” said Madi Zhasekenov, former director of the Aral Sea Fisherman Museum in Aralsk, Kazakhstan. “It became only us locals.”On her Uzbekistan farm, Bayniyazova's family has dug an earthen well, hoping to hold on to the precious little water that's left. “If there is no water, it will be very difficult for people to live，” Bayniyazova said. “Now people are barely surviving.” She doesn't plan to leave her farm but yet knows more hardships are likely ahead.篇章導讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了氣候變化正在加速咸海的消失。1．How is Paragraph 3 developed A．By reasoning.B．By making comparison.C．By experimenting.D．By analyzing data.答案：B解析：細節理解題。根據第三段“Decades ago ... Today ...”可知，本段主要是通過對比幾十年前和現在的咸海的狀況展開的。故選B。2．What can be inferred from Paragraph 5 A．The number of fish in the Aral Sea is increasing.B．Madi Zhasekenov feels hopeful about his future.C．Local people around the Aral have lost their livelihoods.D．Madi Zhasekenov has adapted to the changing climate.答案：C解析：推理判斷題。根據第五段中的“The fish factories closed ... workers all left”可推知，咸海周圍的當地人失去了生計。故選C。3．How does Bayniyazova feel now A．Ashamed. B．Worried.C．Relieved. D．Embarrassed.答案：B解析：推理判斷題。根據最后一段中的“If there is ... are likely ahead.(‘如果沒有水，人們的生活將非常困難，’ Bayniyazova (巴尼亞佐娃)說。‘現在人們幾乎無法生存。’她不打算離開她的農場，但她知道未來可能還會有更多困難。)”可推知，Bayniyazova感到擔憂。故選B。4．What is the best title for the text A．The Importance of the Aral SeaB．How to Deal with the Aral Sea DisasterC．We Will Face the Challenge of Adapting to Climate ChangeD．Climate Change Is Quickening the Disappearance of the Aral Sea答案：D解析：標題判斷題。通讀全文，尤其是根據第二段內容可知，文章主要介紹了氣候變化正在加速咸海的消失。故選D。Ⅲ 語法填空(2024·湖北省武漢市武昌區高二下期末)Yang Chunlin, a shutterbug (攝影迷) in Qinghai Province, visits a wetland bordering the Yellow River every October to meet his long－acquainted friends: whooper swans (大天鵝), the number of __1__ jumped to over 100 from 30－plus when he first came to the area. “The wetland provides __2__ ideal living environment for whooper swans. The beautiful ‘swan lake’ has become a place for photography lovers __3__ (hang) about，” Yang said.Known as the “kidneys of the Earth”， wetlands can help safeguard biodiversity and cope __4__ climate change. China's wetlands conservation efforts have illustrated its genuine __5__ (commit) to ensuring harmonious coexistence between humans and nature.During the ongoing 14th Meeting of the Conference of the Contracting Parties to the Ramsar Convention on Wetlands (COP14), __6__ (hold) in Wuhan and Switzerland's Geneva, China called for enhancing people's well－being __7__ (global) by leveraging (利用) the role of wetlands in promoting __8__ (sustain) development, tackling climate change, protecting biodiversity, and delivering more benefits to people around the world.“Through a series of ecological protection actions, China __9__ (demonstrate) the positive role of wetlands conservation in improving the living environment of humans, contributing more wisdom and solutions to __10__ (build) a community of all life on Earth，” said Lei Guangchun, a professor at Beijing Forestry University.1．________ 2.________ 3.________ 4.________ 5．________ 6.________ 7.________ 8.________ 9．________ 10.________篇章導讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了中國致力于人與自然和諧相處，并呼吁發揮濕地在促進可持續發展、應對氣候變化、保護生物多樣性方面的作用。1．答案：which解析：考查定語從句的引導詞。此處為“介詞＋關系代詞”結構引導的非限制性定語從句，修飾先行詞whooper swans，關系詞在從句中作賓語，指物。故填which。2．答案：an解析：考查冠詞。句意：濕地為大天鵝提供了理想的生活環境。此處environment為泛指，應用不定冠詞，且ideal的發音以元音音素開頭。故填an。3．答案：to hang解析：考查非謂語動詞。此處應用不定式作后置定語，修飾place。故填to hang。4．答案：with解析：考查介詞。句意：濕地被稱為“地球之腎”，可以幫助保護生物多樣性，應對氣候變化。短語cope with表示“應對”。故填with。5．答案：commitment解析：考查詞性轉換。句意：中國的濕地保護工作表明，中國致力于人與自然和諧相處。設空處作賓語，且其前有its genuine修飾，應用名詞commitment。故填commitment。6．答案：held解析：考查非謂語動詞。hold與the ongoing 14th Meeting of the Conference of the Contracting Parties to the Ramsar Convention on Wetlands (COP14)之間構成被動關系，應用過去分詞作后置定語。故填held。7．答案：globally解析：考查詞性轉換。設空處應用副詞globally修飾動詞enhancing，作狀語。故填globally。8．答案：sustainable解析：考查詞性轉換。設空處應用形容詞sustainable修飾名詞development，作定語。故填sustainable。9．答案：has demonstrated解析：考查動詞的時態和主謂一致。此處表示過去的動作對現在造成的影響，應用現在完成時，主語為China，助動詞應用has。故填has demonstrated。10．答案：building解析：考查非謂語動詞。設空處作介詞to的賓語，應用動名詞。故填building。 精深閱讀(2024·廣東省深圳市龍崗區龍城高級中學高二下月考)When it comes to going green, intention can be easier than action. Case in point: you decide to buy a T shirt made from 100% organic cotton. But that green label doesn't tell the whole story—like the fact that even organic cotton requires more than 10，000 L of water to grow enough fibre for one T shirt. Or the possibility that the T shirt may have been dyed (染色) using harmful industrial chemicals. If you knew all that, would you still consider the T shirt green Would you still buy it It's a hard question to answer. That's because the global economy development is beyond our ability to comprehend the consequences—for ourselves and the planet. We are not prepared to understand the increasing impact of industrial chemicals on our children's health or the climate. And we lack the data to understand the full impact of what we choose.But what if we could calculate the full lifetime effect of our actions on the earth and on our bodies Not just carbon footprints but social and biological footprints as well What if we could think ecologically That's what psychologist Daniel Goleman describes in his forthcoming book, Ecological Intelligence. He compiles the environmental and biological impact of our every decision and delivers that information to consumers in a user friendly way. That's thinking ecologically—understanding the global environmental consequences of our local choices.Ecological intelligence is ultimately about more than what we buy. It's also about our ability to accept that we live in a closely connected world with limited resources. Goleman highlights the Tibetan community of Sher, where for thousands of years, villagers have survived severe conditions by carefully protecting every resource available to them. The Tibetans think ecologically because they have no other choice. Neither do we. “We once had the luxury to ignore our impacts，” says Goleman. “Not any more.”篇章導讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹并倡導了生態智能。1．Why is it hard for us to decide whether a T shirt is green or not A．The green label tells lies.B．We lack enough knowledge.C．The economy grows too slowly.D．We are misled by false data.答案：B解析：推理判斷題。根據第一段中的“Case in point ... consider the T shirt green ”可推知，我們很難判定T恤是不是環保的是因為我們缺乏足夠的知識。故選B。2．What does Ecological Intelligence encourage readers to do A．Increase carbon footprints.B．Give up regular consumption.C．Develop ecological thinking.D．Deliver information to customers.答案：C解析：推理判斷題。根據第三段“But what if we could calculate ... the global environmental consequences of our local choices.”可推知，《生態智能》鼓勵讀者培養生態思維能力。故選C。3．How do the Tibetans of Sher live A．By searching for new resources.B．By living on plentiful resources.C．By distributing resources reasonably.D．By treasuring their resources seriously.答案：D解析：細節理解題。根據最后一段中的“Goleman highlights the Tibetan community of Sher ... by carefully protecting every resource available to them.”可知，謝爾的藏族人是通過非常珍惜他們的資源來生活的。故選D。4．What's the purpose of the text A．To instruct manufacturers how to go green.B．To introduce and advocate ecological intelligence.C．To warn people of the dangers of ecological crisis.D．To illustrate the origin of ecological intelligence.答案：B解析：推理判斷題。根據第三段“But what if we could calculate ... the global environmental consequences of our local choices.”和最后一段中的“Ecological intelligence is ... with limited resources.”可推知，這篇文章主要是為了介紹和倡導生態智能。故選B。精深閱讀——好詞句小練(一)熱詞1．intention n. 打算；意圖2．comprehend v. 理解；領悟3．calculate vt. 計算，核算；預測，推測4．psychologist n. 心理學家；心理學研究者5．luxury n. 奢侈；奢華；奢侈品 adj. 奢華的(二)高頻短語6．case in point 一個典型的案例7．beyond__one's__ability 超出某人的能力8．be__prepared__to__do__sth 準備好了去做某事9．the__impact__of__...__ ……的影響10．deliver__sth__to__sb 把某物傳遞給某人(三)根據語境填入恰當的內容1．There's a strong possibility (possible) that we'll lose the game.2．This chemical has a wide range of industrial (industry) uses.3．He didn't even have the intelligence (intelligent) to call for an ambulance.(四)寫出下列句子中黑體部分的漢語釋義4．I need to compile all the data from the experiments before I can analyze the results.匯集5．The explorers faced severe conditions during their journey through the frozen tundra (凍原)．極為惡劣的6．Ultimately, you'll have to make the decision yourself.最終(五)用方框中單詞的正確形式替換下列句子中的黑體部分1．Dance has been neglected by television.ignored2．She requested that no one be told of her decision until the next meeting.required3．The approaching storm caused everyone to rush indoors.forthcoming(六)長難句分析That's because the global economy development is beyond our ability to comprehend the consequences—for ourselves and the planet.句意：這是因為全球經濟的發展對我們自身和地球(的影響)都超出了我們的認知能力。分析：主干是That's__because__...；because引導表語從句，其中主語是the global economy development，表語是介詞短語beyond our ability，動詞不定式短語 to comprehend the consequences是后置定語，修飾ability。(七)根據所給漢語，完成下列句子1．What__if (要是……會怎么樣呢) I forget to bring my phone to the meeting 2．The__increasing__impact__of (……日益增長的影響) technology on our daily lives is making it harder to disconnect.(八)仿寫句子That's what psychologist Daniel Goleman describes in his forthcoming book, Ecological Intelligence. (That's what ... )仿寫：這就是我喜歡住在城市里的原因：公共交通的便利性。That's__what__I__like__about__living__in__the__city:__the__convenience__of__public__transportation.課后課時作業(二)較易題(占比30%) 中檔題(占比40%) 拔高題(占比30%)題號 Ⅰ ⅡA B難度 ★ ★★ ★★★Ⅰ 閱讀A(2024·河南省信陽市青桐鳴大聯考高二下月考)Food accounts for one third of greenhouse gas emissions (排放量), but it does not yet get the attention it deserves. With global meat consumption on the rise, the truth is, we need to break bad habits before they break us. Plant based nutrition can deal with climate change in many ways.Did you know that one of the most effective ways to lower your carbon footprint is to eat a plant based diet NASA climate scientist Peter Kalmus documented his own personal experiment in low energy living in Being the Change: Live Well and Spark a Climate Revolution.He was able to reduce his personal carbon footprint tenfold, from 20 to 2 tons per year, by some lifestyle changes. Kalmus is a vegan (純素食者), bikes to work, doesn't fly, is a keen gardener and hangs his clothes out to dry. He also found living mindfully made him feel happier and even halved his food bill. Kalmus says it's possible for the average person to cut their emissions easily. The average meat eater in the US emits 3，000 kg CO2 per year compared to 1，000 kg for vegans.Another way to deal with climate change is to grow your own food. “Some of the juiciest strawberries that satisfy my taste buds were grown at home last summer in hanging baskets using organic seeds，” Kalmus said. “As well as plenty of nutritious, cheap and delicious foods, growing my own food has allowed me to get to know my neighbors. We share seeds, wisdom, and tasty soup.” Besides, composting (制作堆肥) leftovers and yard waste diverts green matter from landfills that produce the greenhouse gas and instead can help build healthy soil.Globally, our meat and dairy heavy diet uses around half of habitable land on Earth to produce food. Nevertheless, with plant based diets, we could feed the world with one quarter of the land, allowing us to return vast areas of land to nature.篇章導讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹如何利用植物性飲食習慣和自己種植食物減少碳排放量，應對氣候變化。1．What is the purpose of eating a plant based diet according to the author A．To handle climate change.B．To reduce living costs.C．To draw public attention.D．To record carbon footprints.答案：A解析：細節理解題。根據第一段中的“Plant based nutrition can deal with climate change in many ways.”可知，采用植物性飲食習慣是為了應對氣候變化。故選A。2．What can we learn about Peter Kalmus's new lifestyle A．It relieves him of mental stress.B．It slightly cuts the carbon footprint.C．It proves impossible for meat eaters to follow.D．It benefits individuals and the environment.答案：D解析：推理判斷題。 根據第三段中的“He was able to ... halved his food bill.(通過一些生活方式的改變，他能夠將個人的碳足跡減少十倍，從每年20噸減少到2噸。Kalmus (卡爾穆斯)是一個純素食者，騎自行車上班，不坐飛機，是個熱心的園丁，把衣服在外面晾干。他還發現，用心生活讓他感覺更快樂，甚至把食物賬單減半。)”可推知，Peter Kalmus采用的這種新的生活方式對個人和環境都有好處。故選D。3．Which of the following may Kalmus agree with A．Self grown food turns out to be of higher quality.B．Producing food has taken up half of the land on Earth.C．Growing food helps strengthen neighborhood relations.D．Greenhouse gas emissions have little to do with food consumption.答案：C解析：細節理解題。根據第四段中Kalmus所說的“As well as plenty of ... and tasty soup.”可知，Kalmus可能認同“自己種植食物有助于加強鄰里關系”的說法。故選C。4．Which of the following can replace the underlined word “diverts” in Paragraph 4 A．Develops. B．Redirects.C．Sends. D．Delivers.答案：B解析：詞義猜測題。根據畫線詞所在句“composting (制作堆肥) leftovers ... the greenhouse gas”可知，垃圾被做成堆肥，不用進入垃圾填埋場進而產生溫室氣體，即改變了原本的路徑，轉變為對環境有利的用途。divert 意為“改道，改變……用途”。故選B。B(2024·廣東省深圳市高二下聯考)A librarian, whose name is Raden Roro Hendarti in Indonesia's Java island, is lending books to children in exchange for trash they collect in a special way to clean up the environment and get the kids to read more.Each weekday Raden Roro Hendarti fills up her three wheeler with books, and then she rides it to Muntang village. There she exchanges books with the children for plastic cups, bags and other waste that she carries back. She told Reuters (路透社) she is helping develop reading in the kids as well as make them aware of the environment. As soon as she shows up, little children, many accompanied by their mothers, surround her “Trash Library” and exchange for the books. They are all carrying trash bags and Raden's three wheeler quickly fills up with them as the books fly out. She's happy the kids are going to spend less time on online games as a result. “Let us build a culture of reading from young age to reduce the harm of the online world，” Raden said.She collects about 100 kg of waste each week, which is then sorted out by her colleagues and sent for recycling or sold. She has 6，000 books to lend and wants to take the mobile service to neighbouring areas as well. She hopes that more and more people can do something to help protect the environment.篇章導讀：本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了印尼爪哇島一位名叫Raden Roro Hendarti (拉登·羅羅·亨達蒂)的圖書管理員將書籍借給孩子們，以換取他們收集的垃圾，從而清潔環境并讓孩子們多讀書的故事。5．Why is Raden lending books to children in exchange for trash they collect A．To collect trash and fight against climate change.B．To teach children to save the earth by reading books.C．To protect the environment and help children read more.D．To introduce her books on protecting the earth to children.答案：C解析：細節理解題。根據第一段內容可知，Raden把書借給孩子們，換取他們收集的垃圾以清潔環境，讓孩子們多讀書，由此可知，Raden把書借給孩子們是為了保護環境并幫助孩子們多讀書。故選C。6．Which of the following word can best describe Raden A．Curious. B．Responsible.C．Hard working. D．Positive.答案：B解析：推理判斷題。根據第三段中的“She's happy ... Raden said.”可知，Raden看到孩子們花在網絡游戲上的時間減少了，她很高興，并呼吁人們從小建立閱讀文化，減少網絡世界的危害，再結合她通過讓孩子們收集垃圾來保護環境，并讓孩子們多讀書可推知，Raden是一個很有責任心的人。故選B。7．From the text we can know that ________．A．the service is popular only among adultsB．Raden exchanges books two days a weekC．Raden may take the service to neighbouring areasD．the waste will be sorted out after recycling or sold答案：C解析：細節理解題。根據最后一段中的“She has 6，000 books ... protect the environment.”可知，Raden想將這項移動服務推廣到鄰近地區，希望更多的人保護環境。故選C。8．What is the best title of this passage A．A Great LibrarianB．Trash for BooksC．Promotion for RecyclingD．More Reading, Less Online Games答案：B解析：標題判斷題。文章主要介紹了圖書管理員Raden Roro Hendarti讓孩子們用垃圾換書以清潔環境并讓孩子們多讀書的故事，因此B項(垃圾換書)最適合作為文章標題。故選B。Ⅱ 讀后續寫閱讀下面材料，根據其內容和所給段落開頭語續寫兩段，使之構成一篇完整的短文。(2024·山東名校考試聯盟高二下期中)Eli, a passionate high school student about environmental conservation, was eager to participate in the annual Science Fair, an event where students showcase their science projects to the audience, and make a significant contribution. However, he struggled with self doubt, uncertain if he could create a project that would truly stand out.Fortunately, Eli's advisor, Mr Keats, a man in his 40s known for his enthusiasm and willingness to assist, recognized his hesitation and offered guidance and support. He saw potential in Eli and encouraged him to pursue his passion for environmental conservation. With Mr Keats's help, Eli gradually gained confidence in his abilities. Eli's friends, Joey and Marylin, also played a crucial role in his journey to success. Both grew up in the neighboring area, attended the same school, and shared Eli's dedication to environmental conservation. Together, they brainstormed ideas and provided emotional support, keeping Eli motivated and focused on his project.As the Science Fair drew nearer, Eli invested all his energy into creating a project that would raise awareness about environmental conservation. With Mr Keats's guidance and his friends' support, Eli overcame his lack of confidence and came up with a fantastic idea of a remarkable project.However, just when Eli thought everything was going smoothly, he encountered a setback. His initial project idea faced unexpected challenges, and worse still, Eli didn't have a plan B. Doubts and frustration resurfaced, posing a threat to his progress. Joey and Marylin noticed Eli was in low spirits and asked him what had happened. Frustratedly, Eli told them about the project, adding that maybe he would never make it. Immediately, they understood that Eli needed more than just words of encouragement; he needed support and a community to lean on. Without hesitation, they offered their shoulders to lean on and ears to listen.During this difficult time, Mr Keats also offered his support and encouraged Eli to view the setback as an opportunity for growth and innovation. This encouragement fueled Eli's determination. With their help, Eli regained his confidence and determination to overcome the obstacles in his path.注意：1．續寫詞數應為150個左右；2．請按如下格式在相應位置作答。Under Mr Keats's guidance, Eli worked tirelessly to develop a new project plan. The day of the Science Fair finally arrived, and Eli was ready. 寫前導讀：本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了高中生Eli (伊萊)對環境保護充滿熱情，在他充滿熱情地挑戰科學博覽會時，卻遇到了困難，在導師Keats (濟慈)的指導下，Eli的新計劃實施如何？比賽結果又如何？[精彩范文]Under Mr Keats's guidance, Eli worked tirelessly to develop a new project plan. He was committed to creating a plan that would not only solve the initial challenges but also stand out from the competition. Mr Keats advised Eli to break the problem down into small parts to figure out the solution quickly. Together, they discussed potential solutions and refined their ideas until they were sure they had found the perfect approach. Eli knew that this project was his best shot at winning the competition, and he were ready to present it to the judges with confidence. The day of the Science Fair finally arrived, and Eli was ready. His project, an interactive display that educated visitors about the importance of conservation and featured interactive games, was a hit with everyone who visited. To Eli's disbelief and delight, his project was named the winner of the Science Fair. He owed a debt of gratitude to Mr Keats, Joey, and Marylin for their unwavering support and belief in him. Eli's experience showed that anyone can overcome self doubt, achieve their goals, and make a meaningful difference in the world. 精深閱讀(2024·浙江省寧波市酇州中學高二下校考)Every order of takeout comes with a side of single use plastics and each plastic fork, knife, spoon and straw—whether or not you wanted it or used it—ends up in the trash.New research found that 139 million metric tons of single use plastic waste was generated in 2021—six million metric tons more single use plastics compared to 2019. A hunger for takeout meals during that time contributed to the surge． An estimated 60% of Americans order takeout or delivery at least once a week and online ordering is growing 300% faster than in house dining; that means millions of single use plastic utensils (餐具) are going out with every order.New laws aim to address the problem. Some of the recent bills are thanks to The National Reuse Network, part of the environmental nonprofit Upstream, which launched a national Skip the Stuff campaign to work out policies that require restaurants to include single use plastic utensils, straws, and napkins only when customers request them.The bills also require meal delivery and online apps like Uber Eats, GrubHub and Door Dash to add single use extras to their menus; customers can choose the items and quantities to have them included in the order. Customers that don't order the single use plastics won't receive them. The goal of the bills is to reduce the 40 billion plastic utensils sent to the landfill every year. “Most of the time, people are taking food home or to their offices where there are reusable utensils so these utensils wind up in a drawer or get thrown out，” says Alexis Goldsmith, national organizing director for a nationwide project Beyond Plastics. “Some people do need utensils, but for the most part, they're not needed.”To date, Skip the Stuff bills have been passed in several cities, including Denver, Washington, D．C.and Chicago. California and Washington state passed statewide bills that make single use plastic “accessories” available with takeout orders only upon request. Organizations like Upstream, Beyond plastics and NRDC have created toolkits to help additional communities launch their own Skip the Stuff campaigns.篇章導讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了塑料垃圾問題及為此發起的“Skip the Stuff”運動。1．What does the underlined word “surge” in Paragraph 2 probably mean A．Great desire. B．Sharp decline.C．Rapid increase. D．Obvious panic.答案：C解析：詞義猜測題。根據畫線詞上文“New research found that ... compared to 2019.”可知，2021年與2019年相比，一次性塑料垃圾增加了600萬公噸。由此可推知，那時候人們對外賣的渴望促成了這一激增。畫線詞指的是“迅速增加”。故選C。2．According to the Skip the Stuff campaign, what can be done by restaurants A．Choosing green products.B．Adding single use napkins.C．Recycling and reusing utensils.D．Providing utensils only on request.答案：D解析：細節理解題。根據第四段“New laws aim to address ... only when customers request them.”可知，根據Skip the Stuff運動，餐廳只有在顧客要求時才提供餐具。故選D。3．What's the purpose of the recent new bills A．To reduce plastic waste.B．To stop bad eating habits.C．To encourage people to eat out.D．To better the dining environment.答案：A解析：細節理解題。根據第五段中的“The goal of the bills ... the landfill every year.”可知，新法案的目標是減少每年送往垃圾填埋場的400億件塑料餐具，也就是減少塑料垃圾。故選A。4．What would Goldsmith probably think of the Skip the Stuff campaign A．Unimportant. B．Damaging.C．Much needed. D．Well known.答案：C解析：推理判斷題。根據第六段“Most of the time, people are ... they're not needed.”可知，Alexis Goldsmith (亞歷克西斯·戈德史密斯)認為大多數餐具最終會被浪費，由此可推知，他會認為“Skip the Stuff”運動是非常有必要的。故選C。精深閱讀——好詞句小練(一)熱詞1．order n. 點餐，訂購2．single use adj. 一次性(使用)的3．takeout n. (商店、餐館的)外賣4．nonprofit n. 非營利性組織 adj. 非營利的5．quantity n. 數量，數目；大量，大批(二)高頻短語6．compared__to 與……相比7．contribute__to 促成；對……有貢獻8．wind up 以……告終(或終結)9．to__date 迄今為止10．upon__request 應要求(三)根據語境填入恰當的內容1．I need some additional (addition) time to finish this project.2．The pizza delivery (deliver) arrived just as we were getting hungry.3．She bought some new accessories (accessory) for her outfit, including a matching hat and scarf.(四)寫出下列句子中黑體部分的漢語釋義4．The city is considering using a new landfill site for waste disposal.垃圾填埋場5．The company is planning to launch an investigation into the case.發起6．The nationwide survey showed a significant increase in voter turnout this year.全國性的(五)用方框中單詞的正確形式替換下列句子中的黑體部分1．The number of traffic accidents has decreased significantly since the new traffic laws were implemented.reduced2．We need to settle the problem of climate change head on if we want to save our planet. address3．The value of the property was assessed by a professional appraiser (估價者) before the sale.estimated(六)長難句分析Some of the recent bills are thanks to The National Reuse Network, part of the environmental nonprofit Upstream, which launched a national Skip the Stuff campaign to work out policies that require restaurants to include single use plastic utensils, straws, and napkins only when customers request them.句意：最近的一些法案得益于環保非營利組織Upstream旗下的全國再利用網絡，該組織發起了全國“拒絕一次性用品”運動，旨在制定政策，要求餐廳僅在顧客要求時才提供一次性塑料餐具、吸管和餐巾紙。分析：主干是Some__of__the__...__The__National__Reuse__Network；part of the environmental nonprofit Upstream作The National Reuse Network的同位語；which引導非限制性定語從句，解釋說明Upstream；動詞不定式短語to work out policies作目的狀語；that引導定語從句，修飾policies；when 引導時間狀語從句。(七)根據所給漢語，完成下列句子1．Her hard work and dedication contributed__to (促成) the success of the project.2．I was at a disadvantage compared__to (與……相比) the younger members of the team.(八)仿寫句子Some people do need utensils, but for the most part, they're not needed.(助動詞表示強調)仿寫：為了實現我們的目標，我們確實需要與同事們有效合作。In__order__to__achieve__our__goals,__we__do__need__to__cooperate__effectively__with__our__colleagues.1(共145張PPT)WELCOME UNITUNIT 3 ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION單元主題：人與自然——環境保護Section Ⅰ Reading and Thinking預習檢測 詞匯打卡自主學習 課文語篇目錄CONTENTS12合作探究 課時重點3對點練習 鞏固所學4課后課時作業(一)5課后課時作業(二)6預習檢測 詞匯打卡一、閱讀單詞及詞塊：寫出漢語含義1．graph n. _______________2．methane n. ___________3．carbon n. ____4．dioxide n. ___________5．carbon dioxide ___________6．fossil n. _______7．fuel n. ________________8．fossil fuel _____________________9．policy n. _______________10．footprint n. _____________________________圖;圖表;曲線圖甲烷;沼氣碳二氧化物二氧化碳化石燃料;刺激性言行化石燃料(如煤或石油)政策;方針;原則足跡;(某物所占的)空間量;面積二、核心單詞：寫出英文單詞1．_______vi.& vt. (使)挨餓；餓死2．_______ vt.& n. 排放；釋放；發布3．_________ adv. 遍及全球地 adj. 世界各地的；影響全世界的4．_____ n. 趨勢；趨向；動向5．_________ vt.& vi. 播送；廣播；傳播 n. 廣播節目；電視節目6．______ vt. 限制；限定；束縛7．_____ vt. 抓住；奪取；控制starvereleaseworldwidetrendbroadcastrestrictseize三、拓展單詞：寫出下列單詞的詞性轉換(可查字典)1．emission n. 排放物；散發物；排放→______ v. 發出；射出；散發2．melt vi.& vt. (使)融化；熔化；軟化→_______ adj. 感人的；可同情的3．ecology n. 生態；生態學→__________ adj. 生態的；生態學的→________ n. 生態學家4．habitable adj. 適合居住的→________ n. (動植物的)生活環境；棲息地5．sustain vt. 維持；遭受；承受住→___________ adj. 可持續的；合理利用的6．comprehensive adj. 全部的；所有的；詳盡的→_____________ n. 理解力；領悟能力→____________ v. 理解；領悟→______________ adv. 全面地，徹底地7．frequently adv. 頻繁地；經常→________ adj. 頻繁的；經常發生的 vt. 常去，常到(某處)→__________ n. 頻率；發生率emitmeltingecologicalecologisthabitatsustainablecomprehensioncomprehendcomprehensivelyfrequentfrequency四、熟詞生義：寫出熟義seal 熟義：n. ________生義：vt. 封上(信封)；密封(容器)；確定，使成定局 n. 保證；信物海豹自主學習 課文語篇We have known about climate change for decades. There is little doubt that１ Earth is getting warmer and warmer (see the graph). A warming ocean and atmosphere along with２ melting ice and rising sea levels provide evidence of a dramatic change in the global climate.課文三維剖析１引導_______從句，解釋說明名詞doubt的具體內容２連接兩個并列成分作主語時，謂語動詞的數遵循“__________”同位語CLIMATE CHANGE REQUIRES THE WORLD'S ATTENTION氣候變化需要全世界的關注就遠原則我們了解氣候變化已有數十年之久了。毫無疑問，地球正變得越來越溫暖(如圖)。海洋和大氣變暖，以及冰層融化、海平面上升，都為全球氣候急劇變化提供了依據。３引導____從句，修飾先行詞bear４引導定語從句，修飾先行詞_________５引導定語從句，修飾先行詞all６引導______從句，修飾先行詞expert７引導______從句８動詞不定式短語作______In 2013, a lot of people were shocked by a news photo of a dead polar bear that３ was found on Norway's Arctic island of Svalbard. According to the scientists who４ found its dead body, all that５ remained of the polar bear was “skin and bones”. An expert who６ has studied polar bears for many years said that７ from the position of its dead body, the bear appeared to have starved and died８.定語scientists定語賓語表語９引導_______從句10 過去分詞短語作________，修飾low sea ice levels11 引導__________從句12 引導______從句Experts claimed that９ low sea ice levels caused by climate change10 meant the bear could not hunt seals as before, so11 it had to travel greater distances in order to find food. This alarming case showed how12 the increase in temperature had an impact on Earth's ecology.賓語后置定語結果狀語賓語2013年，在挪威的北極圈斯瓦爾巴群島的一個島上，(人們)發現了一只死亡的北極熊，這張新聞圖片令許多人感到震驚。據發現北極熊尸體的科學家說，這只北極熊僅剩“皮包骨”。一位長期研究北極熊的專家說，從尸體的姿勢看，這只北極熊像是餓死的。專家稱，氣候變化導致的海冰面降低意味著北極熊無法像以前那樣捕食海豹，于是它只能長途跋涉去尋找食物。這一令人驚恐的案例反映了氣溫上升對地球生態造成的影響。13 過去分詞短語作________，修飾名詞process14 引導______________從句，修飾先行詞________________15 refer to意為“指的是，涉及，與……相關”，其中to為介詞16 引導________從句，補充說明the fact的具體內容17 連接兩個并列謂語動詞______和_______Then what is causing the increase in the global average surface temperature Climate scientists often mention a key climate process called the “greenhouse effect”13, which14 has two common meanings: the “natural” greenhouse effect and the “man made” greenhouse effect. The “natural” greenhouse effect refers to15 the fact that16 heat from the sun enters the atmosphere and17 warms Earth's surface as short wave radiation.后置定語非限制性定語greenhouse effect同位語enterswarms18 作Greenhouse gases的______19 現在分詞短語作__________20連接兩個并列謂語動詞__________和______The heat is released back into space at longer wave lengths. Greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, such as methane and carbon dioxide18, trap some of the heat, keeping Earth's climate warm and habitable19. Without this process, Earth could not sustain life. However, the “man made” greenhouse effect has now become a big problem. When people produce huge amounts of extra greenhouse gases by burning fossil fuels, more heat energy is trapped in the atmosphere and20 causes Earth's surface temperature to rise quickly.同位語結果狀語is trappedcauses那么，到底是什么導致全球平均地表溫度上升呢？氣候科學家常常會提到一個關鍵的氣候過程——“溫室效應”；它有兩個常見的含義：“天然”溫室效應和“人造”溫室效應。“天然”溫室效應指的是來自太陽的熱量以短波輻射的形式進入大氣層，使地表變暖。這一熱量以更大的波長被釋放回大氣層。大氣層中甲烷、二氧化碳等溫室氣體困住了部分熱量，從而使地球保持氣候溫暖、適宜居住。如果沒有這一過程，地球就無法維系生命。然而，“人造”溫室效應現在卻成為一個大問題。當人類由于燃燒化石燃料產生了大量額外的溫室氣體，更多的熱能被困在大氣層中，導致地表溫度迅速上升。21 引導_______從句，補充說明名詞evidence的具體內容22 not only ... but also ... 連接兩個現在分詞短語_____________________和__________________作_________23 引導________從句24 引導__________從句There is strong and comprehensive evidence that21 the rise in temperature has led to an increase in extreme weather and natural disasters worldwide, not only causing serious damage, but also22 costing human lives. Climate scientists have warned that23 if24 we do not take appropriate actions,同位語causing serious damagecosting human lives結果狀語賓語條件狀語25 連接兩個名詞____________和_____________作介詞about的賓語26 現在分詞短語作__________this warming trend will probably continue and there will be a higher price to pay. In fact, news reports are frequently broadcast about extreme rainstorms and25 heatwaves causing deaths and economic losses26.rainstormsheatwaves后置定語確鑿、全面的證據表明，溫度上升導致全球極端天氣和自然災害增多，不僅造成嚴重破壞，而且使人喪命。氣候學家已發出警告：如果我們不采取適當的行動，這種變暖的趨勢可能會持續下去，而我們將為此付出更大的代價。事實上，有關極端暴風雨和熱浪造成死亡和經濟損失的新聞報道已屢見不鮮。27連接兩個動名詞短語_______________和____________________________________作consider的賓語Continued greenhouse gas emissions will result in further warming and long lasting changes to the global climate. This requires the attention of people all over the world. Governments need to consider making policies and27 taking appropriate actions and measures to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. We as individuals can also reduce our “carbon footprint” by restricting the amount of carbon dioxide our lifestyles produce.making policiestaking appropriate actions and easures28 作__________，不定式短語to seize every ... 是真正的主語29 引導___________從句30 現在分詞短語作__________It28 is our responsibility to seize every opportunity to educate everyone about global warming, along with its causes and impacts, because29 this is the most serious issue affecting all of us on this planet30. So what will you do to help 形式主語原因狀語后置定語溫室氣體的持續排放將導致全球氣候進一步變暖，并帶來持久的變化。這需要全世界人的關注。各國政府需考慮制定政策并采取適當的行動和措施以減少溫室氣體的排放。作為個人，我們可以通過限制生活方式產生的二氧化碳量來減少我們的“碳足跡”。我們有責任抓住每一個機會，教育每個人了解全球變暖，包括其成因和影響，因為這是影響這個星球上我們所有人的最嚴重的問題。那么，你會做些什么來貢獻力量呢？(一)填空并連線閱讀領悟答案rise in temperaturethe increaseto reducing greenhouse gas emissionsdramatic climate change(二)完成氣候變化的思維導圖naturalman-made答案extreme weathernatural disasters(三)問題鏈1．What do you think may have caused the global temperature rise ________________________________________________________________2．What evidence of climate change can you find _________________________________________________________________3．How can individuals reduce “carbon footprint”？___________________________________________________________________The greenhouse effect.A warming ocean and atmosphere along with melting ice and rising sea levels.答案Take public transport/buy the recycled products/recycle bottles/paper/plastic bags ...合作探究 課時重點探究一 熱詞1.starve vi.& vt. (使)挨餓；餓死(教材P26) starving adj. 極餓的；挨餓的 starvation n. 饑餓；挨餓；餓死 starve sb/sth of/for sth 使某人(或事物)得不到所需要的 starve sb out (of sth) 用饑餓迫使某人屈服；餓死某人 starve for sth 渴望得到某物 starve to death 餓死①Apart from anything else I was starving.別的不說，我快餓死了。②Twenty million people face starvation unless a vast emergency aid programme is launched.除非啟動大規模的緊急援助計劃，否則2，000萬人將面臨饑餓問題。③The department has been starved of resources.這個部門一直缺少資金。④I starve for your help in such condition.在這樣的情況下我渴望得到你的幫助。⑤They'll either die from the cold or starve to death.他們要么凍死，要么餓死。【學會運用】單句語法填空①Over three hundred people have died of __________ (starve) since the beginning of the year.②People starved _______sleep start to lose their concentration and may hallucinate.③We had no foods to eat, so many people had starved ___death.④The _______ (starve) children were a pathetic sight.【學會表達】完成句子⑤生活在偏遠地區的孩子們渴望獲得知識。The children who live in the remote area____________________.starvationof/fortostarvingstarve for knowledge2.release vt.& n. 排放；釋放；發布；發行，上映；松開(教材P27) release ... from ... 把……從……放出/解脫出來 release from ... 從……中的釋放 release of ……的發布/釋放①Firefighters took two hours to release the driver from the wreckage.消防員花了兩個小時將司機從汽車殘骸中救出。(緊急救援)②Her early release from prison led to a demonstration.她的提前出獄引發了一場示威游行。③I noticed a release of tension when he left the room.當他離開房間時，我注意到他緊張的情緒有所緩解。【學會運用】單句語法填空①He was released _____ a hospital last week after treatment for a disease.②There are strict rules on the release ___ official information.【學會表達】翻譯③他的一本新書將于下月出版。__________________________________________fromofOne of his new books will be released next month.3.restrict vt. 限制；限定；束縛(教材P27) restriction n. 限制規定；限制法規；約束 restrictive adj. 限制性的；約束的 restricted adj. 有限的，很小的；受限制的 restrict ... to ... 把……限制在…… restrict oneself/sb to (doing) sth 限制/約束自己/某人不越出……的范圍 lift/remove a restriction (on sth) 撤銷(對某事的)限制 impose/place a restriction (on sth) (對某事)實行限制 be restricted to ... 僅限于……①He is self employed because he finds working for other people too restrictive.他自己當老板，因為他覺得給別人打工太受限制。②The French restricted Japanese imports to a maximum of 3 per cent of their market.法國把日本進口限制在其市場的3%以內。③Why don't you restrict yourself to setting down the facts 你為什么不限制自己只陳述事實呢？④The government has agreed to lift restrictions on press freedom.政府已經同意撤銷對新聞自由的限制。⑤Discipline problems are by no means restricted to children in families dependent on benefits.絕不只是依靠救濟金生活的家庭中的孩子才有紀律問題。【學會運用】單句語法填空①There are no __________ (restrict) on the amount of money you can withdraw.②This is a __________ (restrict) area because there's a “NO PARKING” sign over there.③She restricted herself to ________ (drink) a cup of coffee a day.④Access to the club is restricted ___members only.【學會表達】翻譯⑤我們可以將每組成員的數量限制為9人。________________________________________________restrictionsrestrictivedrinkingtoWe can restrict the number of members per group to nine.4.seize vt. 抓住；奪取；控制(教材P27) seize sth from sb 從某人手中奪走某物 seize sb by the ... 抓住某人某部位 seize up (身體)發僵；停止運轉；發生故障 seize on/upon 抓住(可利用的事物)，突然大為關注 seize a chance/an opportunity 抓住機會①Maggie seized the letter from her.馬吉從她手中奪走了那封信。(動作描寫)②He seized her by the arm.他抓住了她的胳膊。(動作描寫)③We are all born flexible but as we grow older, we tend to seize up a little.我們生來就很靈活，但隨著年齡的增長，手腳會變得有些僵硬。④We are willing to work with all related parties to seize opportunities to develop the Belt and Road Initiative.我們愿與各方共同努力，抓住機遇，發展“一帶一路”倡議。【學會運用】單句語法填空①The monkey tried to seize the apple _____a tourist, but failed.②If you think your idea has potential, seize _________it straight away.③When the slowdown eventually came, that financial system seized ___．【學會表達】完成句子④五一即將來臨，我們想抓住這個機會，欣賞一下盤山的美景。With May Day on the horizon, ________________________________to enjoy the beautiful scenery of Mt Panshan.⑤他還沒來得及逃跑，她就抓住了他的衣領。Before he could run away, ________________________．fromon/uponupwe would like to seize the opportunityshe seized him by the collar5．ecology n. 生態；生態學→_________ adj. 生態的，生態學的→_________ n. 生態學家ecologicalecologistThe ecologist studies the interactions between organisms and their environment in different ecosystems to understand the ecological balance and sustainability of our planet.生態學家研究不同生態系統中的生物與其環境之間的相互作用，以了解我們星球的生態平衡和可持續性。To ensure the long term health of our planet, it is essential to adopt sustainable practices that will help sustain the natural environment for future generations.為了確保我們星球的長期健康，采取可持續的做法至關重要，這將有助于為后代維持自然環境。6．sustain vt. 維持；遭受；承受住；支撐→___________ adj. 可持續的；合理利用的sustainableThe professor's comprehensive lecture helped me to comprehend the complex subject matter more comprehensively.這位教授詳盡的講座幫助我更加徹底地理解了這一復雜的主題內容。7．comprehensive adj. 全部的；所有的；詳盡的→comprehension n. 理解力；領悟能力→___________ v. 理解；領悟→_______________ adv. 全面地，徹底地comprehendcomprehensively8．frequently adv. 頻繁地；經常→__________ adj. 頻繁的，經常發生的 vt. 常去，常到(某處)→__________ n. 頻率；發生率frequentfrequencyI frequently visit the local bookstore, and I frequent it with such regularity that the owner knows my name and the frequency of my visits.我經常去當地的書店，我如此頻繁地光顧它，以至于店主知道我的名字和我來訪的頻率。【學會運用】單句語法填空①Protecting the environment is crucial for maintaining ___________(ecology) balance and ensuring the survival of many species.②Adopting renewable energy sources is essential for creating a ______________(sustain) future for our planet.③I ____________(frequent) borrow books for my research projects from the library.ecologicalsustainablefrequently【學會表達】完成句子④她使每個人都興趣盎然，直到聽她演講結束。She managed to _________________________ until the end of her speech.⑤我將永遠也不會理解她為什么那么做。____________________why she did what she did.sustain everyone’s interestI’ll never comprehend９ seal[熟義]n. 海豹[生義]vt. _______________________________________n. ______________封上(信封)；密封(容器)；確定,使成定局保證；信物①The dark head of a seal bobbed up a few yards away.在幾碼遠處一只海豹的黑腦袋猛地鉆出水面。②Make sure you've signed the cheque before sealing the envelope.一定要在支票上簽了名后再封上信封。③The nuts are kept in sealed plastic bags.堅果被保存在密封的塑料袋里。④They drank a glass of wine to seal their new friendship.他們干了一杯，交成朋友。【學會運用】同義詞替換①I looked upon the gift as a seal on our friendship.________【學會表達】翻譯②新發現的證據決定了他的命運。________________________________________③這些紙將被用來封住墻壁的洞。___________________________________________markThe discovery of new evidence sealed his fate.The paper will be used for sealing up holes in walls.探究二 長難句分析10.There is little doubt that Earth is getting warmer and warmer (see the graph)．(教材P26)毫無疑問，地球正變得越來越溫暖(如圖)。【分析】 There is little/no doubt that ... 為固定句型，意為“毫無/幾乎沒有疑問……”，其中that引導同位語從句，解釋說明doubt 的具體內容。doubt其他常用搭配 no/without/beyond doubt 無疑地；必定；當然 in doubt 懷疑；拿不定主意；不確定；不確定狀態 have/make no doubt of ... 對……毫不懷疑 throw/cast doubt on/upon ... 對……產生懷疑 There is some doubt whether ... 對是否……有些疑問①There is little doubt that things will improve in the not too distant future.毫無疑問，事情在不遠的將來會有所改觀。②He is, without doubt, worthy of all the honors he has been given.毫無疑問，他配得上給予他的所有榮譽。③When in doubt, call the doctor.如有疑問，請致電醫生。④Elizabeth had no doubt at all of his ability to do the job.伊麗莎白對他做這項工作的能力毫不懷疑。⑤New evidence has cast doubt on the guilt of the man jailed for the crime.新的證據使人們對因犯罪入獄的那名男子的罪行產生了懷疑。通常doubt用在否定句中，后面接that引導的同位語從句；doubt用在肯定句中，后面接whether引導的同位語從句，一般不用if替換whether。【學會運用】單句語法填空①Five minutes from the end, the outcome of the match was still ___ doubt.②This new information does throw doubt _______ their choice.【學會表達】翻譯③我們是否能在最后期限前完成任務還有些疑問。______________________________________________________________④毫無疑問，如今漢語是世界上最重要的語言之一。______________________________________________________________________inon/uponThere is some doubt whether we can complete the task before the deadline.There is no doubt that today Chinese is one of the most important languages in the world.對點練習 鞏固所學維度一 高頻詞匯(一)寫出下列單詞和短語的英文1．_______ n. 甲烷；沼氣2．_____ n. 化石3．______ n. 碳4．_______ n. 生態；生態學5．______ n. 圖；圖表；曲線圖methanefossilcarbonecologygraph6．______________ 氣候變化7．__________ 連同……一起8．________________ 被……震驚9．_______________________ 對……有影響10．______________ 被困在……里面climate changealong withbe shocked by ...have an impact on/upon ...be trapped in ...(二)寫出下列句子中加黑部分的漢語釋義1．A woman picks them up and seals them in plastic bags.________2．He released the handbrake and the car jumped forwards.________3．Whole communities starved to death during the long drought.______4．We all need to look for ways to reduce our carbon footprint.________5．The love and support of his family sustained him during his time in prison.________密封松開挨餓足跡支撐維度二 語境運用(三)根據語境填入恰當的內容1．Rising carbon ________ (emit) are a global concern.2．The findings suggest that caloric __________ (restrict) could delay aging.3．The well fed don't know how the ________ (starve) suffer.4．His loyalty to his friends is never ___ doubt.5．We _________ (frequent) shy away from making decisions.emissionsrestrictionstarvinginfrequently(四)用方框中單詞的正確形式替換下列句子中的加黑部分1．After the divorce, their father still maintained close contact with the boys.__________2．While different cultures have different moral standards, some standards are universal.___________3．The teacher was angry because a student continually interrupted him during the lesson. __________4．Please grasp every opportunity to express your strong point and put your heart into it._______5．The amount of money you have to spend will limit your choice.________sustainedworldwidefrequentlyseizerestrictrestrict, worldwide, seize, frequently, sustain維度三 能力提升(五)長難句分析(2024·新課標Ⅰ卷)These observations now outnumber the primary data that comes from physical specimens (標本), and since we are increasingly using observational data to investigate how species are responding to global change, I wanted to know: Are they usable 句意：現在，這些觀測結果的數量超出了來自物理標本的原始數據，由于我們越來越多地使用觀測數據來研究物種如何應對全球變化，我想知道：它們有用嗎？分析：本句主干是These observations now outnumber the primary data and I wanted to know：Are they usable that引導______從句，修飾先行詞the primary data；since引導_________從句，how引導_____從句，作investigate的______。定語原因狀語賓語賓語(六)句型轉換1．She appeared that she had known the result of the competition as she showed no surprise at all when I told her that she had won first prize.(改為動詞不定式短語的完成式)→________________________ the result of the competition as she showed no surprise at all when I told her that she had won first prize.2．I rushed to the station in a hurry, only to find the train had already gone.(改為現在分詞短語作結果狀語)→I rushed to the station in a hurry, ____________________________．維度四 素養提升She appeared to have knownfinding the train had already gone(七)根據所給漢語，完成下列句子1．I _______________ (被……震驚) the beauty of the sunset at the beach and took lots of photos.2．The inspiring speech must ________________________ (對……產生巨大影響) the students' future aspirations.3．He turned off only to find he ______________ (被困在……里面) a town square with no easy exit.was shocked byhave a great impact on/uponwas trapped in(八)翻譯1．我們應該抓住每一個學習和成長的機會。(seize)____________________________________________2．毫無疑問，氣候變化是一個緊迫的全球性問題。(There's no doubt that ... )___________________________________________________We should seize every opportunity to learn and grow.There’s no doubt that climate change is an urgent global issue.課后課時作業（一）較易題(占比70%) 中檔題(占比30%) 拔高題(占比0%)題號 Ⅰ Ⅱ Ⅲ難度 ★★ ★ ★Ⅰ 完形填空(2024·浙江省三鋒聯盟高二下聯考)Every year about 40，000 people attempt to climb Kilimanjaro, the highest mountain in Africa. They bring with them lots of waste. The __1__ might damage the beauty of the place. The glaciers (冰川) are disappearing, changing the __2__ of Kilimanjaro.Hearing these stories, I'm __3__ about the place—other destinations are described as “purer” natural experiences.However, I soon discovered that much has changed since the days of disturbing reports of __4__ among tons of rubbish. I find a clean mountain, with toilets at camps and along the paths. The environmental challenges are __5__ but the efforts made by the Tanzania National Park Authority seem to be __6__．The best of a Kilimanjaro __7__， in my opinion, isn't reaching the top. Mountains are regarded as spiritual places by many cultures. This __8__ is especially evident on Kilimanjaro as climbers go through five ecosystems (生態系統) in the space of a few kilometers. At the base is a rainforest. It ends abruptly at 3，000 meters, __9__ lands of low growing plants. Further up, the weather __10__—low clouds envelope the mountainsides, which are covered with thick grass. I __11__ twelve shades of green from where I stand. Above 4，000 meters is the highland __12__： gravel (礫石), stones and rocks. __13__ you climb into an arctic like zone with __14__ snow and the glaciers that may soon disappear.Does Kilimanjaro deserve its __15__ as a crowded mountain with lines of tourists ruining the atmosphere of peace I found the opposite to be true.篇章導讀：本文是一篇夾敘夾議文。文章主要講述了作者聽說乞力馬扎羅山被眾多游客破壞得面目全非，對此將信將疑，于是親自登山體驗，卻看到了全然相反的景象。篇章導讀1．A.crowds B．storiesC．reporters D．settlements2．A.age B．faceC．name D．position解析：根據上文“Every year about 40，000 people attempt to climb Kilimanjaro”可知，去乞力馬扎羅山的人很多，所以擁擠的人群可能會破壞這個地方的美麗。故選A。答案解析解析：根據上文“The glaciers (冰川) are disappearing”可知，山上的冰川消失，山體的面貌會發生變化。故選B。3．A.crazy B．doubtfulC．serious D．pessimistic4．A.grass B．stonesC．camps D．equipment解析：根據下文“other destinations are described as ‘purer’ natural experiences”及上文“lots of waste”可知，作者對這個地方被游客破壞得面目全非而感到懷疑。故選B。答案解析解析：根據上文“much has changed since the days of disturbing reports”和下文“I find a clean mountain, with toilets at camps and along the paths.”可推知，報道中說營地周圍都是成堆的垃圾。故選C。5．A.new B．specialC．necessary D．significant6．A.paying off B．blowing upC．fading away D．spreading out解析：根據下文“but”可知，環境挑戰雖然巨大，但還是取得了成功，上下文是轉折關系。significant意為“重大的；顯著的”。故選D。答案解析解析：根據上文“I find a clean mountain, with toilets at camps and along the paths.”可推知，地方政府作出的努力取得了成效，乞力馬扎羅山的環境得到了改善。故選A。7．A.experiment B．experienceC．atmosphere D．intervention8．A.view B．reasonC．quality D．purpose解析：根據下文“This __8__ is ... a few kilometers.”可知，此處講述作者對登山過程的體驗。故選B。答案解析解析：上文“The best of a Kilimanjaro __7__， in my opinion, isn't reaching the top.”作者表明了自己的觀點，根據下文“climbers go through five ecosystems (生態系統) in the space of a few kilometers”可知，登乞力馬扎羅山的過程中要穿過五個生態系統，證明了“最好的體驗并不是登頂”這一觀點。故選A。9．A.holding on to B．going back toC．living up to D．giving way to10．A.changes B．permitsC．improves D．dominates解析：根據上文“It ends abruptly at 3，000 meters”和下文“lands of low growing plants”可知，隨著海拔的上升，山腳的熱帶雨林突然在3，000米處結束，讓位給低矮植物。give way to意為“讓位于”。故選D。答案解析解析：根據下文“low clouds envelope the mountainsides”可知，隨著海拔的上升，天氣發生了變化。故選A。11．A.add B．matchC．count D．imagine12．A.lake B．roadC．desert D．village解析：根據下文“twelve shades of green”可知，作者數了數，有十二種深淺不一的綠色。故選C。答案解析解析：根據下文“gravel (礫石), stones and rocks”可知，這是高原沙漠的地貌特征。故選C。13．A.Directly B．FinallyC．Obviously D．Frequently14．A.fresh B．littleC．artificial D．permanent解析：根據下文“an arctic like zone”和“snow and the glaciers”可知，最后到達了山頂。故選B。答案解析解析：根據上文“arctic like zone”可知，山頂類似北極，有永久的積雪和冰川。故選D。15．A.reward B．ecologyC．history D．reputation解析：根據下文“a crowded mountain with lines of tourists ruining the atmosphere of peace”可知，這是作者親自登乞力馬扎羅山之前，新聞中報道的乞力馬扎羅山的名聲。deserve one's reputation意為“名副其實”。故選D。答案解析Ⅱ 閱讀(2024·山西省長治市高二下月考)For generations, Nafisa Bayniyazova and her family have made a living growing melons, pumpkins and tomatoes on farms around the Aral Sea. Bayniyazova, 50, has spent most of her life near Muynak, in northwestern Uzbekistan, tending the land. Farm life was sometimes difficult but generally reliable and productive.Now, Bayniyazova and other residents say they're facing a disaster they can't beat: climate change, which is speeding up the decades long disappearance of the Aral, once the lifeblood for the thousands living around it.Decades ago, deep blue and filled with fish, the Aral was one of the world's largest inland bodies of water. Thousands of migrants from across Asia and Europe moved to the Aral's shores for jobs popping up everywhere from canning factories to luxury vacation resorts. Today, the few remaining towns sit quiet along the former seabed of the Aral—technically classified as a lake, due to its lack of a direct outlet to the ocean, though residents and officials call it a sea.Much of its early disappearance is due to human engineering and agricultural projects gone wrong, now paired with climate change. Summers are hotter and longer; winters, shorter and bitterly cold.Without the moderating influence of a large body of water to regulate the climate, dust storms began to blow through towns. Strong winds caused dunes (沙丘) to swallow entire towns, and abandoned buildings were filled with sand. A dozen fish species went extinct, and businesses closed down. “The fish factories closed, the ships were stuck in the harbor, and the workers all left，” said Madi Zhasekenov, former director of the Aral Sea Fisherman Museum in Aralsk, Kazakhstan. “It became only us locals.”On her Uzbekistan farm, Bayniyazova's family has dug an earthen well, hoping to hold on to the precious little water that's left. “If there is no water, it will be very difficult for people to live，” Bayniyazova said. “Now people are barely surviving.” She doesn't plan to leave her farm but yet knows more hardships are likely ahead.篇章導讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了氣候變化正在加速咸海的消失。篇章導讀1．How is Paragraph 3 developed A．By reasoning.B．By making comparison.C．By experimenting.D．By analyzing data.解析：細節理解題。根據第三段“Decades ago ... Today ...”可知，本段主要是通過對比幾十年前和現在的咸海的狀況展開的。故選B。答案解析2．What can be inferred from Paragraph 5 A．The number of fish in the Aral Sea is increasing.B．Madi Zhasekenov feels hopeful about his future.C．Local people around the Aral have lost their livelihoods.D．Madi Zhasekenov has adapted to the changing climate.解析：推理判斷題。根據第五段中的“The fish factories closed ... workers all left”可推知，咸海周圍的當地人失去了生計。故選C。答案解析3．How does Bayniyazova feel now A．Ashamed. B．Worried.C．Relieved. D．Embarrassed.解析：推理判斷題。根據最后一段中的“If there is ... are likely ahead.(‘如果沒有水，人們的生活將非常困難，’ Bayniyazova (巴尼亞佐娃)說。‘現在人們幾乎無法生存。’她不打算離開她的農場，但她知道未來可能還會有更多困難。)”可推知，Bayniyazova感到擔憂。故選B。答案解析4．What is the best title for the text A．The Importance of the Aral SeaB．How to Deal with the Aral Sea DisasterC．We Will Face the Challenge of Adapting to Climate ChangeD．Climate Change Is Quickening the Disappearance of the Aral Sea解析：標題判斷題。通讀全文，尤其是根據第二段內容可知，文章主要介紹了氣候變化正在加速咸海的消失。故選D。答案解析Ⅲ 語法填空(2024·湖北省武漢市武昌區高二下期末)Yang Chunlin, a shutterbug (攝影迷) in Qinghai Province, visits a wetland bordering the Yellow River every October to meet his long－acquainted friends: whooper swans (大天鵝), the number of __1__ jumped to over 100 from 30－plus when he first came to the area. “The wetland provides __2__ ideal living environment for whooper swans. The beautiful ‘swan lake’ has become a place for photography lovers __3__ (hang) about，” Yang said.Known as the “kidneys of the Earth”， wetlands can help safeguard biodiversity and cope __4__ climate change. China's wetlands conservation efforts have illustrated its genuine __5__ (commit) to ensuring harmonious coexistence between humans and nature.During the ongoing 14th Meeting of the Conference of the Contracting Parties to the Ramsar Convention on Wetlands (COP14), __6__ (hold) in Wuhan and Switzerland's Geneva, China called for enhancing people's well－being __7__ (global) by leveraging (利用) the role of wetlands in promoting __8__ (sustain) development, tackling climate change, protecting biodiversity, and delivering more benefits to people around the world.“Through a series of ecological protection actions, China __9__ (demonstrate) the positive role of wetlands conservation in improving the living environment of humans, contributing more wisdom and solutions to __10__ (build) a community of all life on Earth，” said Lei Guangchun, a professor at Beijing Forestry University.1.________ 2.________ 3.________ 4.________ 5．________6.________ 7.________ 8.________ 9.________ 10.________篇章導讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了中國致力于人與自然和諧相處，并呼吁發揮濕地在促進可持續發展、應對氣候變化、保護生物多樣性方面的作用。篇章導讀1．答案：which解析：考查定語從句的引導詞。此處為“介詞＋關系代詞”結構引導的非限制性定語從句，修飾先行詞whooper swans，關系詞在從句中作賓語，指物。故填which。答案解析2．答案：an解析：考查冠詞。句意：濕地為大天鵝提供了理想的生活環境。此處environment為泛指，應用不定冠詞，且ideal的發音以元音音素開頭。故填an。3．答案： to hang解析：考查非謂語動詞。此處應用不定式作后置定語，修飾place。故填to hang。答案解析4．答案： with解析：考查介詞。句意：濕地被稱為“地球之腎”，可以幫助保護生物多樣性，應對氣候變化。短語cope with表示“應對”。故填with。5．答案： commitment解析：考查詞性轉換。句意：中國的濕地保護工作表明，中國致力于人與自然和諧相處。設空處作賓語，且其前有its genuine修飾，應用名詞commitment。故填commitment。答案解析6．答案： held解析：考查非謂語動詞。hold與the ongoing 14th Meeting of the Conference of the Contracting Parties to the Ramsar Convention on Wetlands (COP14)之間構成被動關系，應用過去分詞作后置定語。故填held。7．答案：globally解析：考查詞性轉換。設空處應用副詞globally修飾動詞enhancing，作狀語。故填globally。答案解析8．答案： sustainable解析：考查詞性轉換。設空處應用形容詞sustainable修飾名詞development，作定語。故填sustainable。9．答案： has demonstrated解析：考查動詞的時態和主謂一致。此處表示過去的動作對現在造成的影響，應用現在完成時，主語為China，助動詞應用has。故填has demonstrated。答案解析10．答案： building解析：考查非謂語動詞。設空處作介詞to的賓語，應用動名詞。故填building。(2024·廣東省深圳市龍崗區龍城高級中學高二下月考)When it comes to going green, intention can be easier than action. Case in point: you decide to buy a T shirt made from 100% organic cotton. But that green label doesn't tell the whole story—like the fact that even organic cotton requires more than 10，000 L of water to grow enough fibre for one T shirt. Or the possibility that the T shirt may have been dyed (染色) using harmful industrial chemicals. If you knew all that, would you still consider the T shirt green Would you still buy it 精深閱讀It's a hard question to answer. That's because the global economy development is beyond our ability to comprehend the consequences—for ourselves and the planet. We are not prepared to understand the increasing impact of industrial chemicals on our children's health or the climate. And we lack the data to understand the full impact of what we choose.But what if we could calculate the full lifetime effect of our actions on the earth and on our bodies Not just carbon footprints but social and biological footprints as well What if we could think ecologically That's what psychologist Daniel Goleman describes in his forthcoming book, Ecological Intelligence. He compiles the environmental and biological impact of our every decision and delivers that information to consumers in a user friendly way. That's thinking ecologically—understanding the global environmental consequences of our local choices.Ecological intelligence is ultimately about more than what we buy. It’s also about our ability to accept that we live in a closely connected world with limited resources. Goleman highlights the Tibetan community of Sher, where for thousands of years, villagers have survived severe conditions by carefully protecting every resource available to them. The Tibetans think ecologically because they have no other choice. Neither do we. “We once had the luxury to ignore our impacts，” says Goleman. “Not any more.”篇章導讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹并倡導了生態智能。篇章導讀1．Why is it hard for us to decide whether a T shirt is green or not A．The green label tells lies.B．We lack enough knowledge.C．The economy grows too slowly.D．We are misled by false data.解析：推理判斷題。根據第一段中的“Case in point ... consider the T shirt green ”可推知，我們很難判定T恤是不是環保的是因為我們缺乏足夠的知識。故選B。答案解析2．What does Ecological Intelligence encourage readers to do A．Increase carbon footprints.B．Give up regular consumption.C．Develop ecological thinking.D．Deliver information to customers.解析：推理判斷題。根據第三段“But what if we could calculate ... the global environmental consequences of our local choices.”可推知，《生態智能》鼓勵讀者培養生態思維能力。故選C。答案解析3．How do the Tibetans of Sher live A．By searching for new resources.B．By living on plentiful resources.C．By distributing resources reasonably.D．By treasuring their resources seriously.解析：細節理解題。根據最后一段中的“Goleman highlights the Tibetan community of Sher ... by carefully protecting every resource available to them.”可知，謝爾的藏族人是通過非常珍惜他們的資源來生活的。故選D。答案解析4．What's the purpose of the text A．To instruct manufacturers how to go green.B．To introduce and advocate ecological intelligence.C．To warn people of the dangers of ecological crisis.D．To illustrate the origin of ecological intelligence.解析：推理判斷題。根據第三段“But what if we could calculate ... the global environmental consequences of our local choices.”和最后一段中的“Ecological intelligence is ... with limited resources.”可推知，這篇文章主要是為了介紹和倡導生態智能。故選B。答案解析精深閱讀——好詞句小練(一)熱詞1．_________ n. 打算；意圖2．comprehend v. _____________3．__________ vt. 計算，核算；預測，推測4．psychologist n. _________________________5．_______ n. 奢侈；奢華；奢侈品 adj. 奢華的intention理解；領悟calculate心理學家；心理學研究者luxury(二)高頻短語6．case in point___________________7．__________________ 超出某人的能力8．___________________ 準備好了去做某事9．________________ ……的影響10．_______________ 把某物傳遞給某人一個典型的案例beyond one's abilitybe prepared to do sththe impact of …deliver sth to sb(三)根據語境填入恰當的內容1．There's a strong ___________ (possible) that we'll lose the game.2．This chemical has a wide range of __________ (industry) uses.3．He didn't even have the ____________ (intelligent) to call for an ambulance.possibilityindustrialintelligence(四)寫出下列句子中黑體部分的漢語釋義4．I need to compile all the data from the experiments before I can analyze the results.______5．The explorers faced severe conditions during their journey through the frozen tundra (凍原)．____________6．Ultimately, you’ll have to make the decision yourself.______匯集極為惡劣的最終(五)用方框中單詞的正確形式替換下列句子中的黑體部分1．Dance has been neglected by television.__________2．She requested that no one be told of her decision until the next meeting._______3．The approaching storm caused everyone to rush indoors.____________ignoredrequiredrequire， forthcoming， ignoreforthcoming(六)長難句分析That's because the global economy development is beyond our ability to comprehend the consequences—for ourselves and the planet.句意：這是因為全球經濟的發展對我們自身和地球(的影響)都超出了我們的認知能力。分析：主干是_________________；because引導_______從句，其中______是the global economy development，________是介詞短語beyond our ability，動詞不定式短語 to comprehend the consequences是___________，修飾ability。That’s because ...表語主語表語后置定語(七)根據所給漢語，完成下列句子1．__________ (要是……會怎么樣呢) I forget to bring my phone to the meeting 2．_______________________ (……日益增長的影響) technology on our daily lives is making it harder to disconnect.(八)仿寫句子That's what psychologist Daniel Goleman describes in his forthcoming book, Ecological Intelligence. (That's what ... )仿寫：這就是我喜歡住在城市里的原因：公共交通的便利性。____________________________________________________________________What ifThe increasing impact ofThat’s what I like about living in the city: the convenience of public transportation.課后課時作業（二）較易題(占比30%) 中檔題(占比40%) 拔高題(占比30%)題號 Ⅰ ⅡA B 難度 ★ ★★ ★★★Ⅰ 閱讀A(2024·河南省信陽市青桐鳴大聯考高二下月考)Food accounts for one third of greenhouse gas emissions (排放量), but it does not yet get the attention it deserves. With global meat consumption on the rise, the truth is, we need to break bad habits before they break us. Plant based nutrition can deal with climate change in many ways.Did you know that one of the most effective ways to lower your carbon footprint is to eat a plant based diet NASA climate scientist Peter Kalmus documented his own personal experiment in low energy living in Being the Change: Live Well and Spark a Climate Revolution.He was able to reduce his personal carbon footprint tenfold, from 20 to 2 tons per year, by some lifestyle changes. Kalmus is a vegan (純素食者), bikes to work, doesn't fly, is a keen gardener and hangs his clothes out to dry. He also found living mindfully made him feel happier and even halved his food bill. Kalmus says it's possible for the average person to cut their emissions easily. The average meat eater in the US emits 3，000 kg CO2 per year compared to 1，000 kg for vegans.Another way to deal with climate change is to grow your own food. “Some of the juiciest strawberries that satisfy my taste buds were grown at home last summer in hanging baskets using organic seeds，” Kalmus said. “As well as plenty of nutritious, cheap and delicious foods, growing my own food has allowed me to get to know my neighbors. We share seeds, wisdom, and tasty soup.” Besides, composting (制作堆肥) leftovers and yard waste diverts green matter from landfills that produce the greenhouse gas and instead can help build healthy soil.Globally, our meat and dairy heavy diet uses around half of habitable land on Earth to produce food. Nevertheless, with plant based diets, we could feed the world with one quarter of the land, allowing us to return vast areas of land to nature.篇章導讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹如何利用植物性飲食習慣和自己種植食物減少碳排放量，應對氣候變化。篇章導讀1．What is the purpose of eating a plant based diet according to the author A．To handle climate change.B．To reduce living costs.C．To draw public attention.D．To record carbon footprints.解析：細節理解題。根據第一段中的“Plant based nutrition can deal with climate change in many ways.”可知，采用植物性飲食習慣是為了應對氣候變化。故選A。答案解析2．What can we learn about Peter Kalmus's new lifestyle A．It relieves him of mental stress.B．It slightly cuts the carbon footprint.C．It proves impossible for meat eaters to follow.D．It benefits individuals and the environment.解析：推理判斷題。 根據第三段中的“He was able to ... halved his food bill.(通過一些生活方式的改變，他能夠將個人的碳足跡減少十倍，從每年20噸減少到2噸。Kalmus (卡爾穆斯)是一個純素食者，騎自行車上班，不坐飛機，是個熱心的園丁，把衣服在外面晾干。他還發現，用心生活讓他感覺更快樂，甚至把食物賬單減半。)”可推知，Peter Kalmus采用的這種新的生活方式對個人和環境都有好處。故選D。答案解析3．Which of the following may Kalmus agree with A．Self grown food turns out to be of higher quality.B．Producing food has taken up half of the land on Earth.C．Growing food helps strengthen neighborhood relations.D．Greenhouse gas emissions have little to do with food consumption.解析：細節理解題。根據第四段中Kalmus所說的“As well as plenty of ... and tasty soup.”可知，Kalmus可能認同“自己種植食物有助于加強鄰里關系”的說法。故選C。答案解析4．Which of the following can replace the underlined word “diverts” in Paragraph 4 A．Develops. B．Redirects.C．Sends. D．Delivers.解析：詞義猜測題。根據畫線詞所在句“composting (制作堆肥) leftovers ... the greenhouse gas”可知，垃圾被做成堆肥，不用進入垃圾填埋場進而產生溫室氣體，即改變了原本的路徑，轉變為對環境有利的用途。divert 意為“改道，改變……用途”。故選B。答案解析B(2024·廣東省深圳市高二下聯考)A librarian, whose name is Raden Roro Hendarti in Indonesia’s Java island, is lending books to children in exchange for trash they collect in a special way to clean up the environment and get the kids to read more.Each weekday Raden Roro Hendarti fills up her three wheeler with books, and then she rides it to Muntang village. There she exchanges books with the children for plastic cups, bags and other waste that she carries back. She told Reuters (路透社) she is helping develop reading in the kids as well as make them aware of the environment. As soon as she shows up, little children, many accompanied by their mothers, surround her “Trash Library” and exchange for the books.They are all carrying trash bags and Raden’s three wheeler quickly fills up with them as the books fly out. She’s happy the kids are going to spend less time on online games as a result. “Let us build a culture of reading from young age to reduce the harm of the online world，” Raden said.She collects about 100 kg of waste each week, which is then sorted out by her colleagues and sent for recycling or sold. She has 6，000 books to lend and wants to take the mobile service to neighbouring areas as well. She hopes that more and more people can do something to help protect the environment.篇章導讀：本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了印尼爪哇島一位名叫Raden Roro Hendarti (拉登·羅羅·亨達蒂)的圖書管理員將書籍借給孩子們，以換取他們收集的垃圾，從而清潔環境并讓孩子們多讀書的故事。篇章導讀5．Why is Raden lending books to children in exchange for trash they collect A．To collect trash and fight against climate change.B．To teach children to save the earth by reading books.C．To protect the environment and help children read more.D．To introduce her books on protecting the earth to children.解析：細節理解題。根據第一段內容可知，Raden把書借給孩子們，換取他們收集的垃圾以清潔環境，讓孩子們多讀書，由此可知，Raden把書借給孩子們是為了保護環境并幫助孩子們多讀書。故選C。答案解析6．Which of the following word can best describe Raden A．Curious. B．Responsible.C．Hard working. D．Positive.解析：推理判斷題。根據第三段中的“She's happy ... Raden said.”可知，Raden看到孩子們花在網絡游戲上的時間減少了，她很高興，并呼吁人們從小建立閱讀文化，減少網絡世界的危害，再結合她通過讓孩子們收集垃圾來保護環境，并讓孩子們多讀書可推知，Raden是一個很有責任心的人。故選B。答案解析7．From the text we can know that ________．A．the service is popular only among adultsB．Raden exchanges books two days a weekC．Raden may take the service to neighbouring areasD．the waste will be sorted out after recycling or sold解析：細節理解題。根據最后一段中的“She has 6，000 books ... protect the environment.”可知，Raden想將這項移動服務推廣到鄰近地區，希望更多的人保護環境。故選C。答案解析8．What is the best title of this passage A．A Great LibrarianB．Trash for BooksC．Promotion for RecyclingD．More Reading, Less Online Games解析：標題判斷題。文章主要介紹了圖書管理員Raden Roro Hendarti讓孩子們用垃圾換書以清潔環境并讓孩子們多讀書的故事，因此B項(垃圾換書)最適合作為文章標題。故選B。答案解析Ⅱ 讀后續寫閱讀下面材料，根據其內容和所給段落開頭語續寫兩段，使之構成一篇完整的短文。(2024·山東名校考試聯盟高二下期中)Eli, a passionate high school student about environmental conservation, was eager to participate in the annual Science Fair, an event where students showcase their science projects to the audience, and make a significant contribution. However, he struggled with self doubt, uncertain if he could create a project that would truly stand out.Fortunately, Eli’s advisor, Mr Keats, a man in his 40s known for his enthusiasm and willingness to assist, recognized his hesitation and offered guidance and support. He saw potential in Eli and encouraged him to pursue his passion for environmental conservation. With Mr Keats’s help, Eli gradually gained confidence in his abilities.Eli's friends, Joey and Marylin, also played a crucial role in his journey to success. Both grew up in the neighboring area, attended the same school, and shared Eli's dedication to environmental conservation. Together, they brainstormed ideas and provided emotional support, keeping Eli motivated and focused on his project.As the Science Fair drew nearer, Eli invested all his energy into creating a project that would raise awareness about environmental conservation. With Mr Keats’s guidance and his friends’ support, Eli overcame his lack of confidence and came up with a fantastic idea of a remarkable project.However, just when Eli thought everything was going smoothly, he encountered a setback. His initial project idea faced unexpected challenges, and worse still, Eli didn't have a plan B. Doubts and frustration resurfaced, posing a threat to his progress. Joey and Marylin noticed Eli was in low spirits and asked him what had happened. Frustratedly, Eli told them about the project, adding that maybe he would never make it. Immediately, they understood that Eli needed more than just words of encouragement; he needed support and a community to lean on. Without hesitation, they offered their shoulders to lean on and ears to listen.During this difficult time, Mr Keats also offered his support and encouraged Eli to view the setback as an opportunity for growth and innovation. This encouragement fueled Eli's determination. With their help, Eli regained his confidence and determination to overcome the obstacles in his path.注意：1．續寫詞數應為150個左右；2．請按如下格式在相應位置作答。Under Mr Keats's guidance, Eli worked tirelessly to develop a new project plan. ﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍The day of the Science Fair finally arrived, and Eli was ready. ﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍寫前導讀：本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了高中生Eli (伊萊)對環境保護充滿熱情，在他充滿熱情地挑戰科學博覽會時，卻遇到了困難，在導師Keats (濟慈)的指導下，Eli的新計劃實施如何？比賽結果又如何？寫前導讀[精彩范文]Under Mr Keats's guidance, Eli worked tirelessly to develop a new project plan. He was committed to creating a plan that would not only solve the initial challenges but also stand out from the competition. Mr Keats advised Eli to break the problem down into small parts to figure out the solution quickly. Together, they discussed potential solutions and refined their ideas until they were sure they had found the perfect approach. Eli knew that this project was his best shot at winning the competition, and he were ready to present it to the judges with confidence.答案The day of the Science Fair finally arrived, and Eli was ready. His project, an interactive display that educated visitors about the importance of conservation and featured interactive games, was a hit with everyone who visited. To Eli's disbelief and delight, his project was named the winner of the Science Fair. He owed a debt of gratitude to Mr Keats, Joey, and Marylin for their unwavering support and belief in him. Eli's experience showed that anyone can overcome self doubt, achieve their goals, and make a meaningful difference in the world.答案精深閱讀(2024·浙江省寧波市酇州中學高二下校考)Every order of takeout comes with a side of single use plastics and each plastic fork, knife, spoon and straw—whether or not you wanted it or used it—ends up in the trash.New research found that 139 million metric tons of single use plastic waste was generated in 2021—six million metric tons more single use plastics compared to 2019. A hunger for takeout meals during that time contributed to the surge．An estimated 60% of Americans order takeout or delivery at least once a week and online ordering is growing 300% faster than in house dining; that means millions of single use plastic utensils (餐具) are going out with every order.New laws aim to address the problem. Some of the recent bills are thanks to The National Reuse Network, part of the environmental nonprofit Upstream, which launched a national Skip the Stuff campaign to work out policies that require restaurants to include single use plastic utensils, straws, and napkins only when customers request them.The bills also require meal delivery and online apps like Uber Eats, GrubHub and Door Dash to add single use extras to their menus; customers can choose the items and quantities to have them included in the order. Customers that don’t order the single use plastics won’t receive them. The goal of the bills is to reduce the 40 billion plastic utensils sent to the landfill every year.“Most of the time, people are taking food home or to their offices where there are reusable utensils so these utensils wind up in a drawer or get thrown out，” says Alexis Goldsmith, national organizing director for a nationwide project Beyond Plastics. “Some people do need utensils, but for the most part, they’re not needed.”To date, Skip the Stuff bills have been passed in several cities, including Denver, Washington, D．C.and Chicago. California and Washington state passed statewide bills that make single use plastic “accessories” available with takeout orders only upon request.Organizations like Upstream, Beyond plastics and NRDC have created toolkits to help additional communities launch their own Skip the Stuff campaigns.篇章導讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了塑料垃圾問題及為此發起的“Skip the Stuff”運動。篇章導讀1．What does the underlined word “surge” in Paragraph 2 probably mean A．Great desire. B．Sharp decline.C．Rapid increase. D．Obvious panic.解析：詞義猜測題。根據畫線詞上文“New research found that ... compared to 2019.”可知，2021年與2019年相比，一次性塑料垃圾增加了600萬公噸。由此可推知，那時候人們對外賣的渴望促成了這一激增。畫線詞指的是“迅速增加”。故選C。答案解析2．According to the Skip the Stuff campaign, what can be done by restaurants A．Choosing green products.B．Adding single use napkins.C．Recycling and reusing utensils.D．Providing utensils only on request.解析：細節理解題。根據第四段“New laws aim to address ... only when customers request them.”可知，根據Skip the Stuff運動，餐廳只有在顧客要求時才提供餐具。故選D。答案解析3．What's the purpose of the recent new bills A．To reduce plastic waste.B．To stop bad eating habits.C．To encourage people to eat out.D．To better the dining environment.解析：細節理解題。根據第五段中的“The goal of the bills ... the landfill every year.”可知，新法案的目標是減少每年送往垃圾填埋場的400億件塑料餐具，也就是減少塑料垃圾。故選A。答案解析4．What would Goldsmith probably think of the Skip the Stuff campaign A．Unimportant. B．Damaging.C．Much needed. D．Well known.解析：推理判斷題。根據第六段“Most of the time, people are ... they're not needed.”可知，Alexis Goldsmith (亞歷克西斯·戈德史密斯)認為大多數餐具最終會被浪費，由此可推知，他會認為“Skip the Stuff”運動是非常有必要的。故選C。答案解析精深閱讀——好詞句小練(一)熱詞1．order n. _____________2．single use adj. ________________3．_________ n. (商店、餐館的)外賣4．__________ n. 非營利性組織 adj. 非營利的5．_________ n. 數量，數目；大量，大批點餐，訂購一次性(使用)的takeoutnonprofitquantity(二)高頻短語6．____________ 與……相比7．____________ 促成；對……有貢獻8．wind up___________________9．________ 迄今為止10．____________ 應要求compared tocontribute to以……告終(或終結)to dateupon request(三)根據語境填入恰當的內容1．I need some ____________ (addition) time to finish this project.2．The pizza _________ (deliver) arrived just as we were getting hungry.3．She bought some new ___________ (accessory) for her outfit, including a matching hat and scarf.additionaldeliveryaccessories(四)寫出下列句子中黑體部分的漢語釋義4．The city is considering using a new landfill site for waste disposal.__________5．The company is planning to launch an investigation into the case.______6．The nationwide survey showed a significant increase in voter turnout this year.____________垃圾填埋場發起全國性的(五)用方框中單詞的正確形式替換下列句子中的黑體部分1．The number of traffic accidents has decreased significantly since the new traffic laws were implemented._________2．We need to settle the problem of climate change head on if we want to save our planet. _________3．The value of the property was assessed by a professional appraiser (估價者) before the sale.___________reducedaddressrequire， forthcoming， ignoreestimated(六)長難句分析Some of the recent bills are thanks to The National Reuse Network, part of the environmental nonprofit Upstream, which launched a national Skip the Stuff campaign to work out policies that require restaurants to include single use plastic utensils, straws, and napkins only when customers request them.句意：最近的一些法案得益于環保非營利組織Upstream旗下的全國再利用網絡，該組織發起了全國“拒絕一次性用品”運動，旨在制定政策，要求餐廳僅在顧客要求時才提供一次性塑料餐具、吸管和餐巾紙。分析：主干是___________________________________；part of the environmental nonprofit Upstream作The National Reuse Network的______；which引導_______________從句，解釋說明Upstream；動詞不定式短語to work out policies作_________；that引導______從句，修飾policies；when 引導_________從句。Some of the ... The National Reuse Network同位語非限制性定語目的狀語定語時間狀語(七)根據所給漢語，完成下列句子1．Her hard work and dedication ____________(促成) the success of the project.2．I was at a disadvantage ____________(與……相比) the younger members of the team.(八)仿寫句子Some people do need utensils, but for the most part, they're not needed.(助動詞表示強調)仿寫：為了實現我們的目標，我們確實需要與同事們有效合作。____________________________________________________________________contributed tocompared toIn order to achieve our goals, we do need to cooperate effectively with our colleagues. 展開更多...... 收起↑ 資源列表 Section Ⅰ Reading and Thinking.docx Section Ⅰ Reading and Thinking.pptx 縮略圖、資源來源于二一教育資源庫
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