資源簡介

(共27張PPT)
Unit 4 Sharing
Period 2 Learning About Language
Review of phrases
　
感知以下課文原句，補全方框下的小題
1.I’ve been dying to have some of my favourite sweets, and it’s always nice to get mail!
2.More importantly，she was my best friend.
3.Tombe’s father, Mukap, a man with a strong jaw and a wrinkled forehead, led us to his house.
4.He then placed the hot stones in an empty oil drum with kau kau (sweet potato), ripe corn, and greens.
語 法 導 學
5.Later, I noticed a can standing upside down on the grill over the fire.
6.My muscles were aching and my knees shaking as we dragged ourselves down the mountain towards home.
1.以上句子中，句1中的 和句3中的 ， 和句4中的 為名詞短語，作 語。
2.句5中的 ， 和句6中的 ， 為介詞短語，作 語。
3.句3中的 為動詞短語，作 語。
4.句5中的 為副詞短語，作 語。
5.句1中的 為形容詞短語，句2中的 為名詞短語，作 語。
my favourite sweets
a strong jaw
a wrinkled forehead
ripe corn
賓
on the grill
over the fire
down the mountain
towards home
led us to
upside down
dying to have
狀
謂
狀
表
my best friend
　　英語中的短語是有一定意義但不構成獨立從句或句子的一組詞。從形式角度劃分，英語的短語可分為名詞短語、動詞短語、形容詞短語、副詞短語、介詞短語等。英語短語的句法功能通常與對應的單詞的句法功能類似，比如，名詞短語與名詞功能相似，在句中主要充當主語、賓語；介詞短語主要充當定語、狀語、補語。例如：
He failed to get the first prize in the match.
在這個句子中the first prize是名詞短語，in the match是介詞短語。
語 法 精 析
短語動詞(phrasal verbs)是一種固定的詞組，通常以動詞為中心，由動詞加副詞或介詞構成。英語中大量短語動詞難以從字面意義上來判定其釋義，很多時候應根據具體語境判斷它們的意義。有的短語動詞相當于及物動詞，有的則相當于不及物動詞。
1.短語動詞的構成
(1)動詞＋副詞
clear away 清除掉 put away 收起 die away 消失
call back 回電話 look back 回顧 walk back 走回
break down出故障 calm down平靜下來 get down 咽下
come up 上來 blow up 爆炸 turn up 出現
show off 炫耀 give off 散發 take off 脫下
break out發生 blow out 吹滅 run out 用完
（2024·新高考Ⅰ卷）If I need to check the origin of a word or to look up examples of its usage, there's nothing better.
如果我需檢查一個單詞的來源或查找其用法的例子，沒有什么比這更好的了。Traditionally，college students hold a graduation ceremony to encourage themselves before they set off on their new life journey.
在傳統上，大學生在開始他們新的人生旅途之前會舉行畢業典禮來鼓勵自己。
Old-fashioned phones matter when wireless networks break down in disasters.
無線網絡在災難中癱瘓的時候，老式電話就會起到重要作用。
[名師點津]　“動詞＋副詞”搭配構成的短語，其賓語若為代詞，應放在動詞與副詞中間。如put it on，think it over。
(2)動詞＋介詞
bring about引起 look about 環顧四周 seek for尋找
burst into 闖入 turn into使變成 look into調查
see to處理 devote to貢獻給 deal with處理
glance at匆匆一瞥 work at從事，致力于 aim at向……瞄準 differ from與……不同
result from由于 insist on堅持 rely on依靠 bring in引進 hope for希望得到
combine with聯合 lead to導致，通向 set about著手
I’m so glad you’ve come here to see to this matter in person.
我很高興你親自來這里處理此事。
（2024·新高考Ⅰ卷） Their study revealed that the large number of observation-only records did not lead to better global coverage.
他們的研究表明大量單純的觀測記錄并沒有導致更好的全球覆蓋。
(3)動詞＋副詞＋介詞
add up to總計 keep away from不靠近 look down on輕視 keep up with趕上 make up for彌補
get on with相處 get close to接近 get out of逃避，避免 do away with廢除 do well in在……干得好
put up with忍受 catch up with趕上 look up to仰望，尊敬 run out of用完 look forward to期望
go on with繼續 get down to認真開始 break away from脫離，放棄
（2024·北京高考）Social benefits are accompanied by social demands: we must get along, but not put up with too much.
社會利益伴隨著社會需求:我們必須相處，但不能忍受太多。
A good speaker is supposed to manage to get across to the listeners what he means.
一個好的演講者應該讓聽眾明白他所表達的意思。
(4)動詞＋名詞＋介詞
catch sight of 看見，瞥見 make use of 利用 pay attention to 注意
make sense of 理解 take notice of 注意到 take the place of 代替
take part in 參加 take pride in 為……自豪 take advantage of 利用
make room for 為……騰出空間 keep up with 與……保持聯系
James took the magazines off the little table to make room for the television.
為給電視機騰出空間，詹姆斯把雜志從這張小桌子上拿走了。
2.介詞與其他詞類的常見搭配
(1)形容詞與介詞的固定搭配
形容詞＋at angry，mad，good，bad，clever，surprised，excited，disappointed等
形容詞＋of afraid，frightened，ashamed，aware，convinced，short，sick，tired，sure，certain，full，fond，proud，worthy等
形容詞＋with angry，connected，content，familiar，generous，gentle，patient，pleased，popular，satisfied，strict等
形容詞＋in weak，different，rich，interested，successful，absorbed，disappointed，experienced，confident等
形容詞＋to good，polite，kind，cruel，rude，close，similar，familiar等
形容詞＋for sorry，famous，fit，unfit，eager，anxious，hungry，responsible等
形容詞 ＋about sorry，anxious，careless，certain，curious，enthusiastic，particular，optimistic等
(2)名詞與介詞的固定搭配
名詞＋to key，answer，visit，apology，introduction，attitude，monument，devotion等
名詞＋in interest，expert等
名詞＋on congratulations，effect等
(3)動詞與介詞的固定搭配
動詞＋about speak，talk，think，worry等
動詞＋for answer，call，apply，beg，care，charge，hunt，hope，wish，long，search，seek等
動詞＋at aim，call，glare，glance，knock，laugh，point，stare等
動詞＋from date，differ，hear，keep，stop，prevent，learn，protect，result，separate，suffer等
動詞＋of approve，complain，consist，die，dream，think等
動詞＋on call，carry，depend，feed，insist，pass，try，rely等
動詞＋in break，call，cut，drop，fill，get，hand，join，persist，result，succeed等
動詞＋into burst，change，divide等
動詞＋to agree，attend，belong，compare，devote，lead，object，point，refer，reply等
3.短語動詞使用時須注意的幾點
(1)在短語動詞中，副詞可以放在動詞賓語前或后。但是如果賓語是代詞，則應放在動詞和副詞之間。
The young lovers have been trying to put some money aside for their marriage ceremony.
這對年輕的戀人一直努力存錢以備舉行婚禮時用。
He has put aside a little money for a rainy day.
他存了一點錢以備不時之需。
When you do not understand a new word，you can look it up in this dictionary.
當你不理解新單詞的時候，你可以查字典。
This method is very new and you can try it out to solve the hard problem.
這種方法相當新，你可以試著用它去解決那個難題。
(2)在帶有介詞的短語動詞中，介詞的賓語總是緊隨其后的。
We have brought in a good harvest for three years.
我們已經連續三年獲得了豐收。
We’ve just come across an old friend we haven’t seen for ages.
我們剛碰到了一位多年不見的老朋友。
Please keep away from the scene of the accident before the police come.
在警察來之前，請遠離事故現場。
The manager expects everyone to get down to his work after the national holiday.
經理要求大家國慶假期之后開始專心工作。
(3)有些短語動詞后并不需要跟賓語，這時它們相當于不及物動詞。如：
Mr Wang’s new car broke down and he had to go to work by bike again.
王先生的新汽車壞了，他不得不又騎自行車去上班。
The crowd broke up after the football games.
足球比賽結束后，人們四處散開。
(4)①同一動詞，后面跟不同的副詞或介詞構成意思不同的短語動詞。如：
break down 壞了；出故障 break up 拆散；解體；驅散
break in 闖入；插話 break off 忽然停止講話；斷絕
break out 爆發；逃出 break through 沖破；突破；戰勝
②不同的動詞，后面跟上相同的副詞或介詞構成意思不同的短語。如：
make up組成；構成；彌補；編造；化妝
show up出席；露面；揭露
hold up舉起來；阻塞；耽擱；抑制感情
set up創立；建立；樹立；資助
put up提出；舉起；建造
take up拿起；舉起；開始(某)活動
(5)一些短語動詞，具有多種釋義，需要根據全句語境對它們作出恰當理解。如：
Hurry up，children！The plane will take off very soon.(起飛)
After entering the room，he took off his coat.(脫下)
The boss told him that he would take two weeks off in November.(休假)
He broke down and wept when he heard the news.(崩潰)
Interrupted by hackers，the computer system of that company has broken down.(癱瘓)
Negotiations(談判) between the boss and workers have broken down.(失敗)
4.短語的句法功能須注意的幾點
(1)介詞短語作定語時要后置。
The boy under the tree is Tom.
樹下的那個男孩是湯姆。
The tallest boy in our class is John.
我們班最高的那個男孩是約翰。
(2)單個形容詞作定語一般放在所修飾詞之前，而形容詞短語作定語一般放在所修飾詞之后。
A car worth $ 80,000 is not too dear for him to buy.
對他來講，買一輛價值八萬美元的車不算太貴。
At three，she was taller than playmates seven or eight years old.
她三歲時已高于一些七八歲的玩伴。
The Smiths need a car garage twice larger than this one.
史密斯夫婦需要一個比這個大兩倍的車庫。
He has booked the seats farthest from the door on the train for us.
他已經為我們預訂了火車上離車門最遠的座位。
5.短語動詞的被動語態
短語動詞是一個整體，不可丟掉它后面搭配的介詞或副詞。
It is said that a new railway station will be set up in my hometown.
據說一個新的火車站將在我的家鄉建起來。
The baby is being taken care of by his grandmother.
這個嬰兒正由他祖母照顧。
Such a strange story has never been heard of.
這樣奇怪的事情還從沒有聽說過。
返 回
Ⅰ.請寫出下列畫線短語的類型及所充當的成分
Exercise
1.He could only understand a word here and there.
______________
2.Don’t fall for(＝Don’t be attracted by) her beauty.
______________
3.In spite of the difficulties，we went on with our work.
______________
4.We need to build a factory twice larger than this one.
____________________
副詞短語作狀語
名詞短語作賓語
介詞短語作狀語
形容詞短語作后置定語
5.She carried a basket full of eggs to visit her grandmother.
____________________
6.New office buildings are going up/are built everywhere.
______________
7.The letter on the desk is for Mr Wu，our department manager.
__________________
8.He was so hungry that he finished off everything on the table.
______________
9.He has been working here as an assistant to chairman for ten years.
______________
10.We found everything in the lab in good order before doing experiment.
__________________
形容詞短語作后置定語
名詞短語作主語
介詞短語作后置定語
動詞短語作謂語
介詞短語作狀語
介詞短語作后置定語
Ⅱ.語法填空(以介詞為主)
　　My husband and I were paying a visit to my parents 11. Tucson. We went to a fast-food restaurant 12. dinner together. My husband went to the counter to order dishes and I stood 13. my parents.
　　My dad is 90 years old. He can hardly see very well and walks with a stick. I was scanning the restaurant，waiting to sit 14. the first table that was more convenient than others. A woman who was sitting with her son made eye contact with me and asked me to come to her.15. a puzzled look 16. my face，I pointed to myself and said，“Me ”She nodded and said，“Yes，you.” I walked to the table and said，“Bring your family here.
in
for
with
at
With
on
I can finish eating 17. the counter. My son is 18. a hurry to leave anyway.” My eyes were filled with tears as she wiped down the table and guided my dad to the seat.
　　I always believe that there are naturally kind people 19. this world. This woman has set a good example 20. her son，who is a really lucky guy.
at
in
in
for
返 回
If winter comes, can spring be far behind
冬天來了，春天還會遠嗎？

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