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英語 選擇性必修 第二冊 RJ
Section Ⅱ　Learning About Language
——Building up your vocabulary——
一、構詞法
Affix (prefix/suffix) 含義 例詞
under 在……下，不足 underneath;__underwear;__underline;__undersea;__undersized
pre 前，預先 prevent;__present;__preschool;__preserve;__prewar
ic ……的，屬于……的 electric;__historic;__dramatic;__heroic;__angelic
or 做……的人 operator;__director;__sailor;__actor;__inventor
tion 行為；情況；狀態 radiation;__production;__attention;__introduction;__reduction
ment ……的行為(或結果) treatment;__appointment;__movement;__agreement;__management
ly ……地 extremely;__mildly;__strangely;__really;__strongly
ness 構成抽象名詞，表示狀態，性質 seriousness;__usefulness;__happiness;__darkness;__badness
二、準確理解詞義
1．通過釋義在詞云圖中選擇合適的單詞
①a thick material made of wool, etc. for covering floors or stairs carpet
②a few printed pages that are given free to advertise or give information about somethingleaflet
③a person who has been attacked, injured or killed as the result of a crime, a disease, an accident, etc. victim
④a part of the body that has a particular purpose, such as the heart or the brainorgan
⑤a small thin piece of steel that you use for sewing needle
⑥a vehicle with special equipment, used for taking sick or injured people to a hospital ambulance
2．選用上題的單詞完成下列句子
①The children are the innocent victims of the fighting.
②Evidence shows that smoking harms nearly every organ of the body.
③The boy is badly injured and we have to give first aid and call for an ambulance．
④The carpet is designed to stand up to a lot of wear and tear.
——Discovering useful structures——
一、閱讀單詞及詞塊：寫出漢語含義
1．paramedic n. 急救醫生；護理人員
2．bathtub n. 浴缸；浴盆
3．bath n. 洗澡；(BrE＝bathtub) 浴缸；浴盆 vt. (NAmE＝bathe) 給……洗澡
4．mosquito n. (pl.－oes, －os)蚊子
5．carpet n. 地毯
6．ambulance n. 救護車
7．needle n. 針；縫衣針；注射針；指針
8．IV needle 靜脈注射針
9．vital sign 生命體征
二、高頻單詞：寫出英文單詞
1．swallow vt.& vi. 吞下；咽下
2．wrap vt. 包、裹；(用手臂等)圍住
3．slip vi. 滑倒；滑落；溜走　n. 滑倒；小錯誤；紙條
4．delay vi.& vt. 推遲；延期(做某事)　vt. 耽誤；耽擱　n. 延誤；耽擱(的時間)；推遲
三、拓展單詞：寫出下列單詞的詞性轉換(可查字典)
1．elderly adj. 年紀較大的；上了年紀的(婉辭)→elder n. 長者；長輩
2．operator n. 電話接線員；操作員→operate v. 操作；運營→operation n. 操作；運營
四、熟詞生義：寫出熟義
ward [熟義] n. 病房
[生義] v. 避開；擋??；招架
五、核心短語：寫出英語表達
1．lead__to 導致
2．apply__...__to__... 把……應用于……；把……抹在……
3．allow__sb__to__do__sth 允許某人做某事
找出下列句子中的動詞 ing形式，并寫出其語法作用
1．I found him lying on the grass.lying；賓語補足語
2．The fire lasted nearly a month, leaving nothing valuable. leaving；狀語
3．The building being built now is our new gym.being__built；定語
4．Jordan says that the secret of his success is learning from failure.learning；表語
5．Having studied computer science is an important qualification for the job.Having__studied；主語
6．We get pleasure from loving others and being loved by others.loving;__being__loved；賓語
7．It is no use crying over spilt milk.crying；主語
8．Notices in the waiting room requested that you neither smoke nor spit.waiting；定語
探究一　熱詞
1.swallow vt.& vi. 吞下；咽下　n. 吞；咽；一次吞咽的量(教材P52)
swallow up 吞沒，淹沒；用盡，耗盡 swallow one's pride 忍耐，忍氣吞聲 at one swallow 一口吞下
①Icicles hung three feet or more from the roofs of the houses and snow swallowed up cars.
冰錐從房屋屋頂垂下三英尺或更長，積雪吞沒了汽車。
②Sometimes you have to swallow your pride and accept that you're wrong.
有時候，你不得不忍耐，承認自己的錯誤。
③He downed the medicine at one swallow.
他一口便把藥全吞下了。
【學會運用】單句語法填空
①Swallowing his (he) pride, he accepted the humble position offered to him.
②Many small businesses have been swallowed up by large companies.
③The soldier took the medicine at one swallow and the surgeon took away the rest.
【學會表達】翻譯
④比賽那天早上，她太緊張了，咽不下任何東西。
On__the__morning__of__the__competition,__she__was__too__nervous__to__swallow__any__food.
2.wrap vt. 包、裹；(用手臂等)圍住(教材P52)
wrap ... around ... 用……包裹……，用……裹身 wrap ... in ... 把……包在……里 wrap up (用紙、布等)包，裹；穿得暖和；圓滿完成，順利結束(工作、協議等)
①She wrapped a handkerchief around her bleeding palm.
她用手絹將流血的手掌包扎起來。(動作描寫)
②Wrap the chicken in foil and cook it for two hours.
把雞肉用箔紙包起來，烹飪兩個小時。
③He spent the evening wrapping up the Christmas presents.
他花了一個晚上的時間包裝圣誕禮物。
④Make sure you wrap up warm—it's freezing.
你一定要穿暖和點，太冷了。
【學會運用】單句語法填空
①I wrapped a bandage around my ankle to give it some support.
②The nurse carried in a baby wrapped up in a warm blanket.
③Seeing him lying in bed with his legs wrapped in bandages, we felt sorry for him.
【學會表達】翻譯
④我想趕快把這個會議結束，那我們就可以回家了。
I'd__like__to__quickly__wrap__up__this__meeting,__so__we__can__go__home.
3.slip vi. 滑倒；滑落；溜走　n. 滑倒；小錯誤；紙條(教材P53)
slip off/down/from 滑落；滑下 slip away/past/by 悄無聲息地溜走 slip over 滑倒；摔跤 slip into 陷入(困境)；溜進；使滑入 slip out 無意中說出(或泄露) a slip of paper 一張紙條 a slip of the pen/tongue 筆誤/口誤
①It's very hot here and I sweat profusely, causing the eyeglasses to slip off my nose.
這里太熱了，我汗流浹背，眼鏡都從鼻子上滑下來了。(人物描寫)
②Having got her confidence back, she wouldn't let it slip away.
她恢復了信心，不會讓它溜走。
③She slipped over on the ice and broke her leg.
她在冰上滑倒，摔斷了腿。(動作描寫)
④It just slipped out one day that Dick was in the Secret Service.
一天，有人無意中泄露了迪克曾在特勤局工作。
⑤The dissidents exploited his slip of the tongue immediately and issued a statement.
持不同政見者立即利用了他的口誤并發表聲明。
【學會運用】單句語法填空
①When we were walking along the river, we saw a man slip into the river.
②She wrote down her phone number on a slip of paper and gave it to me.
③Time is especially precious to me and I don't want to see it slip away/past/by．
【學會表達】翻譯
④I didn't mean to tell you his name; it was a slip of my tongue at that time.
我不是有意告訴你他的名字的，只是一時口誤而已。
⑤抱歉，我說了這樣的話，這不過是無意中說出口的。
I'm__sorry__I__said__that;__it__just__slipped__out.
4.delay vi.& vt. 推遲；延期(做某事) vt. 耽誤；耽擱　n. 延誤；耽擱(的時間)；推遲(教材P53)
delay doing sth 延遲做某事 delay in 耽誤；延誤 without delay 立即；毫不延遲地 time delay 延時
①He delayed telling her the news, waiting for the right moment.
他推遲告訴她這個消息，等待合適的時機。
②There has been a delay in the book's publication.
這本書的出版出現了延誤。
③All of a sudden, the ship met with an accident and the couple had no choice but to run to the life boat without delay.
突然，船發生了事故，這對夫婦別無選擇，只能立即跑向救生艇。
【學會運用】單句語法填空
①He suggested that the problem be solved without delay.
②They delayed announcing (announce) the decision until next month.
③We apologize for the delay in answering your e－mail.
【學會表達】翻譯
④If there is a delay of 12 hours or more, you will receive a full refund of the price of your trip.
如果延誤12小時或以上，將全額退還您的旅費。
1．elderly adj. 年紀較大的；上了年紀的(婉辭)→elder n. 長者；長輩
The elderly people are elders of the village.
這些老人都是村里的長者。
2．operator n. 電話接線員；操作員→operate v. 操作；運營→operation n. 操作；運營
The new operator wasn't able to operate the machine well and his improper operation led to the breakdown of the machine.
新的操作員不能很好地操作機器，他的不當操作導致了機器的故障。
【學會運用】單句語法填空
①An elderly (elder) patient was sitting in her wheelchair alone.
②The operator (operate) asked the caller to hold on until a connection was made.
【學會表達】翻譯
③My father is rather elderly now and can't walk very fast.
我的父親現在年紀大了，走路走不快。
④你認識住在馬路對面的那個報務員嗎？
Do__you__know__the__telegraph__operator__living__over__the__way
Ward
[熟義]n. 病房 [生義]v. 避開；擋??；招架
①It was also arranged for him to stay in the same inpatient ward with her daughter.
他還被安排和女兒住在同一個病房。
②Such a thin padded coat cannot ward off the cold mountain wind.
這么薄的棉衣在高山上擋不住寒風。
【學會運用】同義詞替換
①Warm clothing and good food helps to ward a cold. avoid
【學會表達】翻譯
②Some people think taking vitamin C can ward off colds.
有些人認為服用維生素C可以預防感冒。
探究二　動詞－ing形式復習
動詞－ing形式：包括傳統語法的動名詞和現在分詞兩個部分。
語法點1　動詞－ing形式是動詞的一種非謂語形式，包括動名詞和現在分詞兩種
動詞－ing形式在句中的語法作用：動名詞在句中作主語、賓語、表語和定語，現在分詞在句中作狀語、賓語補足語、表語和定語。如：
①Having a walk every day helps to make one keep healthy.(動名詞作主語)
每天散步有助于一個人保持健康。
②She can't stand being looked down upon in public.(動名詞作賓語)
她忍受不了在公眾場合被人看不起。
③His favourite exercise is playing football.(動名詞作表語)
他最喜歡的運動是踢足球。
④Grandma came into my bedroom with a walking stick in her hand. (動名詞作定語)
奶奶手里拿著拐杖走進我的臥室。
⑤The child slipped and fell, hitting his head against the door.(現在分詞作狀語)
那個孩子滑了一跤，頭撞到了門上。
⑥She couldn't have him getting away with telling lies.(現在分詞作賓語補足語)
她不能容忍他撒了謊而不受懲罰。
⑦The sky is glowing with orange and pink.(現在分詞作表語)
天空泛著橙粉色的光芒。
⑧The professor giving a speech about pollution is from Harvard University.(現在分詞作定語)
正在做關于污染問題的演講的教授來自哈佛大學。
完成句子
①在鄉村旅行給我帶來很多樂趣。
Traveling__around__in__the__countryside gives me much pleasure.
②如果你堅持這樣做，你將不得不承擔后果。
If__you__insist__on__doing__so,__you'll have to suffer the consequence.
③她的演講很有趣，也很鼓舞人心。
Her speech is rather interesting__and__encouraging．
④不要在餐館里犯令人尷尬的錯誤。
Don't get caught making__an__embarrassing__mistake at a restaurant.
⑤有人看見你爺爺正在花園里澆花。
Someone saw your grandfather watering__flowers in the garden.
語法點2　動詞－ing形式的時態和語態
時態 主動 被動
一般式 doing being done
完成式 having done having been done
(1)現在分詞的時態
現在分詞作狀語時，要注意分詞的時間性，是用現在分詞的一般式(doing)，還是用完成式(having done)。
當現在分詞的動作與謂語動詞的動作同時發生時，用現在分詞的一般式。
Walking in the street, I met an old friend of mine.(walking和謂語動詞met同時發生)
我正在大街上行走時，遇到了一位老朋友。
當現在分詞的動作先發生，而謂語動詞的動作后發生時，用現在分詞的完成式。
Having finished the letter, he went to post it.(Having finished是先發生的，went是后發生的)
他寫完信后就把它寄了出去。
(2)現在分詞的語態
使用現在分詞的主動式還是被動式，這主要取決于現在分詞和句子主語之間的關系。句子的主語就是現在分詞的邏輯主語。
①Having finished his homework, he went to bed.(現在分詞的主動式)
完成作業后，他上床睡覺了。
②Having been shown around the factory, they were very happy.(現在分詞的被動式)
被帶領參觀了工廠后，他們很高興。
　動詞－ing形式的否定式：not＋v.－ing；not having＋v.－ed Not knowing this, he didn't come. 他不知道這件事，所以沒來。 Not having made full preparations, we put off the sports meeting. 因為沒有做好充分的準備，我們把運動會延期了。
單句語法填空
①Being__driven (drive) from their homes, people were terrified by the hurricane.
②Having__been__told (tell) many times, he finally understood it.
③Finding (find) the course difficult, she decided to move to a lower level.
④Not__having__finished (not finish) the homework, she had to stay in the classroom.
⑤Having__lost (lose) his job, he had to struggle to make a living.
語法點3　動詞－ing形式的其他特殊用法
(1)動詞－ing形式前面有時可加名詞所有格、物主代詞或人稱代詞賓格。如：
①Sophia's having seen them did not surprise us.
索菲婭看到他們并沒有讓我們感到驚訝。
②I hope you don't mind my saying that.
我希望你不要介意我這么說。
③He said nothing about us losing the game.
他對我們輸掉比賽只字未提。
(2)動詞－ing形式用作狀語時，其邏輯主語應與句子的主語保持一致。如：
在洗澡時，她看到水從浴缸的兩側漏了出來。
While having a bath, water leaked over the sides of the bathtub.(錯誤)
While having a bath, she saw water leaking over the sides of the bathtub.(正確)
(3)由before、after、when、while等引導的狀語從句常?？梢赞D換為對應的動詞－ing 短語。如：
①被蚊子叮咬后，她在皮膚上涂了一些藥。
After she had been bitten by mosquitoes, she applied some medicine to her skin.
→After having been bitten by mosquitoes, she applied some medicine to her skin.
②從浴缸里出來時，他滑倒在地板上。
When he got out of the bathtub, he slipped and fell on the floor.
→When getting out of the bathtub, he slipped and fell on the floor.
(4)動詞－ing形式用作定語時，可以表示被修飾名詞所具有的性質特征(此用法幾乎等同于形容詞)，也可以表示正在進行的動作，或說明被修飾名詞的用途。如：
a frightening experience(一次可怕的經歷)
a swimming girl(一個正在游泳的女孩)
a swimming pool(一個游泳池)
完成句子
①她堅持要彼得先去那兒。
She insisted on Peter's__going__there first.
②在等待升職的機會時，亨利不遺余力地履行他的職責。
While__waiting__for__the__opportunity__to__get__promoted,__Henry did his best to perform his duty.
③最終，他犧牲在自己為之奮斗一生的手術臺上。
Eventually, he sacrificed himself on the__operating__table for which he had fought all his life.
④我走進教室，發現里面一個人也沒有。
Entering__the__classroom,__I found nobody in it.
⑤在歐洲旅行時，他發現了許多有趣的事件，體驗了不同的文化。
While__traveling__in__Europe,__he found many interesting__events and experienced different cultures.
維度一　高頻詞匯
(一)寫出下列詞綴的含義及例詞
1．under →在……下，不足→underneath;__underwear;__underline
2． tion→行為；情況；狀態→radiation;__production;__attention
3． ic→……的，屬于……的→electric;__historic;__dramatic
4． or→做……的人→operator;__director;__sailor
(二)選詞填空
1．She slipped away without him being aware of it.
2．He was crying out in pain on the ground when the ambulance arrived.
3．She does some voluntary work, caring for the elderly．
4．He took the bottle from her hands and finished it off at one swallow.
5．She presented the children with chocolate wrapped in festival golden paper.
維度二　語法運用
(三)單句語法填空
1．Collecting stones and growing flowers are (be) my father's hobby.
2．The question being__discussed (discuss) at that moment was presented by the headmaster.
3．How do you think of the possibility of my (I) winning this scholarship
4．Though lacking (lack) money, his parents managed to send him to university.
5．Not__having__received (not receive) a reply, the anxious mother decided to send an e－mail to her daughter abroad again.
維度三　素養提升
(四)根據所給漢語，完成下列句子
1．聽到這個不幸的消息，他忍不住哭了出來。
Hearing__the__sad__news,__he couldn't help crying out.
2．不知道下一步該做什么，我們向老師求助。
Not__knowing__what__to__do__next,__we went to the teacher for help.
3．在得到適當的解釋后，所有的學生都理解了那道難題。
Having__been__given__a__proper__explanation,__all the students worked out the difficult question.
(五)翻譯
1．在和同學交談時，我聽說我們學校要組建一支樂隊。
While__talking__with__my__classmates,__I__heard__that__a__band__would__be__formed__in__our__school.
2．被粉刷成白色后，房子變得更加漂亮了。
Having__been__painted__white__made__the__house__more__beautiful.
課后課時作業
較易題(占比70%)　中檔題(占比30%)　拔高題(占比0%)
題號 Ⅰ Ⅱ Ⅲ
難度 ★ ★★ ★
Ⅰ　完形填空
Todd and Donna woke up early one day to take pictures of the sunrise. While walking along the shoreline and enjoying the sights, Todd suddenly __1__ down. Donna thought her husband was __2__. However, she quickly realized this was no laughing matter. Todd's heart stopped beating and he turned __3__. Immediately she screamed for help.
Tyler Volpe, a __4__， was in the water when Todd came down. Volpe is also a physician assistant. He heard Donna's cries for help. “I knew it wasn't a __5__ scream，” he said. “I came flying out of the water.”
Volpe started chest compression (按壓) while Roy, another surfer, breathed into Todd's mouth. Then, they switched __6__ with each other. “I really thought he was __7__，” Donna said. As Roy and Volpe continued CPR, Todd breathed __8__ a few times.
The tide was starting to come in. Other surfers used their boards to form a __9__ between the rescue effort and the water. “They kept him __10__ until the ambulance got there，” Donna said. “It could have been two minutes or 10 days. I was watching my life __11__ with his.”
Doctors used a defibrillator (除顫器) to shock his heart and __12__ his heartbeat. On the second shock, he regained his feel.
Todd and Donna planned to drive back home to New Jersey that morning, but decided to first take a walk on the beach. “It is lucky we didn't __13__ because it would have happened while we were driving home，” Donna said.
Donna __14__ a message asking if anyone knew the surfers who helped her husband—they wanted to __15__ them.
篇章導讀：本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了Todd (托德)和Donna (唐納)去拍攝日出的照片，在海邊散步的時候Todd心臟驟停，后來在沖浪者和很多好心人的幫助下，Todd的生命得到了拯救的故事。
1．A.fell B．sat
C．took D．broke
答案：A
解析：fall 落下，摔倒；sit 坐下；take 帶走；break 打破。根據下文中的“Todd's heart stopped beating”可知，Todd心臟驟停，所以他突然摔倒。故選A。
2．A.sleeping B．lying
C．joking D．thinking
答案：C
解析：sleep 睡覺；lie 撒謊；joke 開玩笑；think 認為。根據下文中的“However, she quickly realized this was no laughing matter.”可知，Donna意識到，這不是開玩笑的事情，由此可知，此處指Donna認為她的丈夫在開玩笑。故選C。
3．A.red B．blue
C．green D．orange
答案：B
解析：red 紅色；危險的；blue 藍色的；發青的；green 綠色的；未成熟的；orange 橙色的。根據常識和上文中的“Todd's heart stopped beating”可知，Todd心臟驟停，臉色發青。故選B。
4．A.worker B．doctor
C．reporter D．surfer
答案：D
解析：worker 工人；doctor 醫生；reporter 記者；surfer 沖浪者。根據下文中的“Volpe started chest compression (按壓) ... breathed into Todd's mouth.”可知，另一位沖浪者做人工呼吸，由此可推知，Volpe (沃爾普)也是沖浪者。故選D。
5．A.loud B．normal
C．sudden D．lasting
答案：B
解析：loud 大聲的；normal 正常的；sudden 突然的；lasting 持續的。根據上文中的“Immediately she screamed for help.”和“wasn't”可知，Donna發現Todd心臟驟停，她發出的求救聲應該不是正常的尖叫。故選B。
6．A.positions B．clothes
C．boards D．apartments
答案：A
解析：position 位置；clothes 衣服；board 板；apartment 公寓。根據上文中的“Volpe started chest compression (按壓) ... breathed into Todd's mouth.”以及“switched”和常識可知，在進行心肺復蘇時，兩個人應該是輪流著進行，所以此處指交換位置。故選A。
7．A.cold B．dead
C．safe D．lucky
答案：B
解析：cold 冷的；dead 死的；safe 安全的；lucky 幸運的。根據語境和上文中的“Todd's heart stopped beating”可知，Todd心臟停止跳動，所以Donna認為他真的死了。故選B。
8．A.quietly B．easily
C．deeply D．evenly
答案：C
解析：quietly 安靜地；easily 容易地；deeply 深深地；evenly 平均地。根據上文中的“Todd breathed”可知，在心肺復蘇的作用下，Todd深呼吸了幾次。故選C。
9．A.sight B．bridge
C．link D．barrier
答案：D
解析：sight 視力；bridge 橋梁；link 聯系；barrier 屏障，障礙。根據語境和上文中的“The tide was starting ... their boards to form”可知，漲潮的時候，其他沖浪者用沖浪板建立了一個屏障以擋住海水來幫助救援。故選D。
10．A.warm B．alive
C．positive D．brave
答案：B
解析：warm 溫暖的；alive 活躍的；活著的；positive 積極的；brave 勇敢的。根據語境和下文中的“until the ambulance got there”可知，此處指的是這些救援者讓Todd一直處于活著的狀態，直到救護車的到來。故選B。
11．A.start B．develop
C．end D．continue
答案：C
解析：start 開始；develop 開發；end 結束；continue 繼續。根據上文中的“It could have been two minutes or 10 days.”可知，丈夫處于危急時刻，性命攸關，Donna是非常焦急和絕望的，所以Donna覺得自己的生命要和Todd的生命一起結束了。故選C。
12．A.record B．review
C．repeat D．restore
答案：D
解析：record 記錄；review 回顧；復習；repeat 重復；restore 恢復，使復原。根據常識和上文中的“Doctors used a defibrillator (除顫器) to shock his heart”可知，醫生使用除顫儀是為了使Todd的心臟恢復跳動。故選D。
13．A.pay B．speed
C．pause D．leave
答案：D
解析：pay 支付；speed 加速；pause 暫停；leave 離開。根據下文中的“because it would have happened while we were driving home”可知，這件事有可能會發生在回家的途中，所以此處指的是幸運的是，他們沒有離開。故選D。
14．A.answered B．learned
C．posted D．heard
答案：C
解析：answer 回答；learn 學習；post 發布，公布；hear 聽到。根據下文中的“a message asking ... helped her husband”可知，此處指的是Donna發布了一條信息來尋找幫助Todd的沖浪者。故選C。
15．A.thank B．meet
C．accept D．miss
答案：A
解析：thank 感謝；meet 遇見；accept 接受；miss 錯過；思念。根據上文中的“anyone knew the surfers who helped her husband”和常識可知，對于幫助過她丈夫的人，他們應該表示感謝。故選A。
Ⅱ　七選五
The possibility of being killed on a single airline flight is one in 4.7 million. Here are some lifesaving habits you are supposed to remember every time you fly.
Your carry on bag
The safest thing to do with your carry on is leave it on the plane. Flight crews ask you to keep your luggage clear of the aisles (通道) for a reason. __1__ With as few as 90 seconds to evacuate (撤離) a burning place, the precious time spent reaching for luggage could be a life and death decision for someone.
Your seat
__2__ The safest place to sit on a plane is behind the wings. A Popular Mechanics Study of 20 commercial jet crashes with both fatalities (死亡) and survivors found that passengers seated in the rear cabin (behind the wings) had a 69 percent chance of survival, compared with just 49 percent for those in first class.
During a crash
The first thing you should do during a crash is put on the oxygen mask the minute it drops.
During a loss of cabin pressure, the fall in oxygen can knock you unconscious in as little as 20 seconds. __3__ You can't help if you can't breathe.
Listen to your flight attendants. Most importantly, through any emergency, be nice to the flight attendant.
What to wear
__4__ The US National Transportation Safety Board says that 68 percent of plane crash fatalities occur in post crash fires, not in the initial impact.
Fortunately, here's what you can plan for days in advance while you pack your suitcase: on the day you're flying, avoid wearing synthetic fibers like polyester and nylon. Instead, choose natural materials like cotton or wool. It's also a good idea to wear long pants (like jeans) and a long sleeved shirt for extra protection from flames and sharp objects. __5__ Slippers might seem like a good idea for braving airport security, but in the chaos of a crash or evacuation, they'll only slow you down.
A．You can narrowly escape from an air crash.
B．Always secure your oxygen mask before helping others.
C．Good mentality (心態) of a pilot is a necessity for safe flight.
D．Besides, the best shoes to wear on a plane never leave your feet.
E．The safest way to dress on a plane is to avoid anything easy to catch fire.
F．In the event of an evacuation, you don't want it blocking an escape route.
G．In the event of an evacuation, the closer you are to an exit, the higher the chance you'll have to escape safely.
篇章導讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了每次坐飛機時都應該記住的一些逃生習慣。
1．答案：F
解析：根據上文“The safest thing to do ... aisles (通道) for a reason.(對你的隨身行李最安全的處理方法就是把它留在飛機上。空乘人員要求你不要把行李放在過道上是有原因的。)”可知，F項(在疏散事件中，你不希望它擋住逃生路線。)解釋了這樣做的原因，且其中的it指代上文中的your carry on。故選F。
2．答案：G
解析：本段與Your seat有關，根據下文“The safest place to sit on a plane ... 49 percent for those in first class.”可知，本段主要講述了飛機上乘客的位置與飛機失事中生還幾率之間的關系，G項(在疏散事件中，你離出口越近，安全逃生的幾率就越高。)概括本段內容。故選G。
3．答案：B
解析：根據上文“During a loss of cabin pressure ... as little as 20 seconds.(在機艙失壓時，氧氣的下降可以在短短20秒內使你失去意識。)”和下文“You can't help if you can't breathe.(如果你不能呼吸，你也沒辦法幫助別人。)”可知，B項(在幫助別人之前一定要戴好氧氣面罩。)承上啟下。故選B。
4．答案：E
解析：根據本段小標題“What to wear”以及下文“The US National Transportation Safety Board ... not in the initial impact.”可知，飛機失事時，多數死亡事件與火災有關，E項(在飛機上最安全的著裝方法是避免穿任何容易著火的衣服。)引出下文。故選E。
5．答案：D
解析：本段主題為What to wear，D項(此外，在飛機上穿的最好的鞋子是永遠不會離開你的腳的鞋子。)符合語境。故選D。
Ⅲ　語法填空
Parents __1__ (advise) to include fish into their children's diets after __2__ study found eating one to three servings of fish each week is linked with higher IQs and better sleep.
The US researchers analyzed the IQs, fish eating habits and sleeping patterns of over 500 Chinese children __3__ (age) 9 to 11. They found children who ate fish weekly scored nearly five points higher on IQ tests than those who didn't. Children who had fish sometimes had a roughly three IQ point advantage __4__ those who didn't or rarely ate it.
The finding builds on __5__ (exist) research about the positive effects of Omega 3 fatty acids. “Omega 3s in fish have been tied to intelligence and sleep independently, __6__ they've never all been connected before，” a researcher said.
The study also questioned parents on their children's quality of sleep, including how often they wake in the middle of the night and “daytime sleepiness”. It found, “increased fish __7__ (consume) was associated with fewer disturbances of sleep.”
Researcher Pinot Martin said parents could give children fish as young as 10 months old and should start by about 2. For infants (嬰幼兒), she said, make sure the fish is __8__ (fine) chopped (切碎) and has no bones.
“Introducing the taste early __9__ (make) it more acceptable，” Pinot Martin said. “It really has to be a lot of efforts, especially in a culture __10__ fish is not as commonly served.”
1．________　2.________　3.________　4.________
5．________　6.________　7.________　8.________
9．________　10.________
篇章導讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了一項研究發現，每周吃一到三次魚與更高的智商和更好的睡眠有關。
1．答案：are advised
解析：考查動詞的時態、語態和主謂一致。主語Parents和謂語動詞advise是被動關系，此處指的是“被建議”，應用被動語態，描述一般事實，應用一般現在時，主語Parents是復數，因此be動詞用are。故填are advised。
2．答案：a
解析：考查冠詞。study是發音以輔音音素開頭的單詞，意為“研究”，是可數名詞，此處泛指“一項研究”，應用不定冠詞a。故填a。
3．答案：aged
解析：考查詞性轉換。句意：美國研究人員分析了500多名9歲至11歲中國兒童的智商、魚類飲食習慣和睡眠模式。形容詞aged意為“……歲”，作后置定語修飾名詞children。故填aged。
4．答案：over
解析：考查介詞。固定短語have an advantage over意為“比……有優勢”。故填over。
5．答案：existing
解析：考查詞性轉換。此處修飾名詞research，應用形容詞作定語，existing意為 “現有的”。故填existing。
6．答案：but/yet
解析：考查連詞。句意：“魚肉中的Omega 3與智力和睡眠有關，但它們以前從未有過關聯，”一位研究人員說。此處表示轉折，應用表示轉折的并列連詞but/yet。故填but/yet。
7．答案：consumption
解析：考查詞性轉換。句意：研究發現，“增加魚類的攝入量可以減少睡眠障礙”。設空處應用名詞consumption作主語，此處指的是“魚類的攝入量”。故填consumption。
8．答案：finely
解析：考查詞性轉換。此處修飾動詞chopped，應用副詞finely作狀語。故填finely。
9．答案：makes
解析：考查動詞的時態和主謂一致。本句敘述客觀事實，應用一般現在時，主語是動名詞短語，因此謂語動詞用單數。故填makes。
10．答案：where
解析：考查定語從句的引導詞。設空處引導定語從句，先行詞為culture，關系詞替代先行詞在從句中作地點狀語，應用關系副詞where。故填where。
　精深閱讀
After a long day at the office, Jane Hodgson was on her way home and looking forward to relaxing with a nice cup of tea. While driving, she noticed that there was a car pulled over at the side of the road and a crowd had started to gather around someone who was lying on the ground.
Jane, who had completed first aid at the work course with the British Red Cross, pulled over to see if she could do something and it turned out to be lucky for the victim.
Describing the scene she saw, Jane says, “A crowd of onlookers gathered at the scene. A couple of young men were pale－faced and looking lost.”
They were completely terrified. When I walked up, first aid kit in hand, they said, “You're a first aider—Oh thank goodness.” They were so shocked that they hadn't even thought to call an ambulance yet.
A young girl called Jenny was lying there. It turned out that the teen had been hit by a car and gone over the handlebars of her bike, landing on her head and shoulder.
“I was worried because she had not been wearing a helmet when she got knocked down, and I thought that she should not be moved as I couldn't be sure about a spinal injury, but after looking her over, in relief, I felt fairly confident that she had escaped relatively unharmed. Even so, as time passed and we continued to wait for an ambulance, the amount of pain the girl was in was increasing. To avoid the risk of her going into shock I kept her talking. We chatted about her boyfriend and anything I could think of to keep her mind off the pain. She squeezed my hand when the pain got too much and this helped，” describes Jane.
Thinking back, Jane says, “I never did find out what happened to the girl. Apart from the boyfriend I wasn't thanked by anyone else, but that's OK. For me, knowing that in a small way I helped that girl through what was a frightening experience is all the reward I need. It felt great to know I'd made a difference.”
篇章導讀：本文是一篇記敘文。Jane Hodgson (簡·霍奇森)在回家的路上遇到了一場交通事故，Jane在救助過程中判斷受傷少女Jenny (珍妮)的傷情，并確保她保持清醒，幫助Jenny度過了可怕的經歷，這讓Jane意識到小的行為也可以起到很大作用。
1．What was Jane doing when she came across the accident
A．Driving home.
B．Repairing her car.
C．Drinking some tea.
D．Going to the first aid course.
答案：A
解析：細節理解題。根據第一段“After a long day at the office ... who was lying on the ground.”可知，Jane遇到事故時正在開車回家。故選A。
2．Which part of Jenny's body might be worst injured
A．Her legs. B．Her hands.
C．Her head. D．Her stomach.
答案：C
解析：推理判斷題。根據第五段中的“It turned out that ... landing on her head and shoulder. (原來，這名少女被汽車撞了，從自行車的車把上翻了過去，頭部和肩膀著地。)”和第六段中的“I was worried ... got knocked down (我很擔心，因為她被撞倒時沒有戴頭盔)”可推知，Jenny的頭部可能受傷最嚴重。故選C。
3．What mattered most in Jane's help
A．Calling an ambulance.
B．Offering some first aid.
C．Contacting the girl's boyfriend.
D．Keeping the girl awake.
答案：D
解析：細節理解題。根據第六段中的“To avoid the risk of ... got too much and this helped”可知，在Jane的救助中讓女孩保持清醒是最重要的。故選D。
4．What did Jane Hodgson learn from her experience of helping Jenny
A．Not all kindness needs reward.
B．First aid can save lives.
C．A small act can make a difference.
D．It felt good to learn first aid skills.
答案：C
解析：推理判斷題。根據最后一段中的“For me, knowing that ... I'd made a difference.(對我來說，知道自己以微薄之力幫助那個女孩度過了一段可怕的經歷，這就是我所需要的全部獎勵。知道自己有所作為的感覺很棒。)”可推知，Jane Hodgson從幫助Jenny的經歷中學到了小的行為可以起很大作用。故選C。
精深閱讀——好詞句小練
(一)熱詞
1．scene n. 場景；場面
2．fairly adv. 相當地
3．relatively adv. 相對地；相當地
4．squeeze v. 緊握；捏
5．reward n. 獎勵；回報
(二)高頻短語
1．on__one's__way__(to__...) 在某人(去……)的路上
2．pull__over 靠邊停車
3．turn__out__(to__be) 證明(是)，結果(是)
4．a__crowd__of 一群
5．apart__from 除了；除了……還
(三)根據語境填入恰當的內容
1．I have looked forward to visiting (visit) Hangzhou for many years.
2．She sighed in relief that it was all over.
3．She was terrified (terrify) at the thought of being alone.
(四)寫出下列句子中黑體部分的漢語釋義
1．Did you see the girl standing by us in the lunch line—she looks so lost, so out of place.不知所措的
2．He isn't seriously injured but he is in a state of shock.休克
3．It was a very frightening experience and they were very courageous. 可怕的
(五)用方框中單詞或短語的正確形式替換下列句子中的黑體部分
1．Ahead of departure, conduct your regular checks by examining the battery and tyres to ensure everything is in order.looking__over
2．Even though it often seemed too difficult to finish this task, he didn't give plete
3．The holiday mainly focuses on families and friends getting together for a meal.gathering
(六)長難句分析
For me, knowing that in a small way I helped that girl through what was a frightening experience is all the reward I need.
句意：對我來說，知道自己以微薄之力幫助那個女孩度過了一段可怕的經歷，這就是我所需要的全部獎勵。
分析：句子主干為knowing__...__is__all__the__reward，是“主系表”結構。knowing ... 是動名詞短語作主語；that in a small way ... experience是賓語從句，該從句的主干是I__helped__that__girl；what引導賓語從句；I need是省略引導詞that的定語從句。
(七)根據所給漢語，完成下列句子
1．He saved the drowning boy at__the__risk__of__losing__his__own__life (冒著生命危險)．
2．Do something engaging that will keep__your__mind__off (使你不去想) your emotions.
(八)仿寫句子
　The old man was cheated while doing some shopping on the Internet.(狀語從句的省略)
仿寫：他們在看這部電影時深受鼓舞。
They__felt__inspired__while__watching__the__film.
1(共99張PPT)
WELCOME UNIT
UNIT 5 FIRST AID
單元主題：人與自我——急救
Section Ⅱ　Learning About Language
——Building up your vocabulary——
Affix (prefix/suffix) 含義 例詞
under ______________ __________； _________； __________； _________； ___________
_____ 前，預先 _______； _______； _________； ______； _______
ic __________________ _______； _______； ________； _______； _______
一、構詞法
在……下，不足
underneath
underwear
underline
undersea
undersized
pre-
prevent
present
preschool
preserve
prewar
……的，屬于……的
electric
historic
dramatic
heroic
angelic
_____ 做……的人 ________； ________； ______； _____； _________
tion _________________ ________； __________； ________； ____________； _________
ment __________________ _________； ___________； __________； __________； ____________
_____ ……地 ________； ______； ________； _____； _________
ness _________________ _________________ __________； _________； __________； ________； _______
-or
operator
director
sailor
actor
inventor
行為；情況；狀態
radiation
production
attention
introduction
reduction
……的行為(或結果)
treatment
appointment
movement
agreement
management
-ly
extremely
mildly
strangely
really
strongly
構成抽象名詞，表示狀態，性質
seriousness
usefulness
happiness
darkness
badness
二、準確理解詞義
1.通過釋義在詞云圖中選擇合適的單詞
①a thick material made of wool， etc. for covering floors or stairs _______
②a few printed pages that are given free to advertise or give information about something ______
carpet
leaflet
③a person who has been attacked， injured or killed as the result of a crime， a disease， an accident， etc. _______
④a part of the body that has a particular purpose， such as the heart or the brain_______
⑤a small thin piece of steel that you use for sewing _______
⑥a vehicle with special equipment， used for taking sick or injured people to a hospital __________
victim
organ
needle
ambulance
2.選用上題的單詞完成下列句子
①The children are the innocent _______ of the fighting.
②Evidence shows that smoking harms nearly every _______ of the body.
③The boy is badly injured and we have to give first aid and call for an __________.
④The _______ is designed to stand up to a lot of wear and tear.
victims
organ
ambulance
carpet
WELCOME UNIT
——Discovering useful structures——
預習檢測 單詞打卡
自主學習 課時語法
目錄
CONTENTS
1
2
合作探究 課時重點
3
對點練習 鞏固所學
4
課后課時作業
5
預習檢測 單詞打卡
一、閱讀單詞及詞塊：寫出漢語含義
1.paramedic n. ____________________
2.bathtub n. ____________
3.bath n. _____；(BrE＝bathtub) ___________　vt. (NAmE＝bathe) ___________
4.mosquito n. (pl. oes， os)______
5.carpet n. _______
6.ambulance n. ________
7.needle n. __________________________
8.IV needle ____________
9.vital sign __________
急救醫生；護理人員
浴缸；浴盆
洗澡
浴缸；浴盆
給……洗澡
蚊子
地毯
救護車
針；縫衣針；注射針；指針
靜脈注射針
生命體征
二、高頻單詞：寫出英文單詞
1._______ vt.& vi. 吞下；咽下
2.______ vt. 包、裹；(用手臂等)圍住
3._____ vi. 滑倒；滑落；溜走　n. 滑倒；小錯誤；紙條
4.______ vi.& vt. 推遲；延期(做某事)　vt. 耽誤；耽擱　n. 延誤；耽擱(的時間)；推遲
三、拓展單詞：寫出下列單詞的詞性轉換(可查字典)
1.elderly adj. 年紀較大的；上了年紀的(婉辭)→______ n. 長者；長輩
2.operator n. 電話接線員；操作員→_______ v. 操作；運營→__________ n. 操作；運營
swallow
wrap
slip
delay
elder
operate
operation
四、熟詞生義：寫出熟義
ward [熟義] n. ______
[生義] v. 避開；擋??；招架
五、核心短語：寫出英語表達
1._______ 導致
2.____________ 把……應用于……；把……抹在……
3.________________ 允許某人做某事
lead to
apply ... to ...
allow sb to do sth
病房
自主學習　課時語法
找出下列句子中的動詞 ing形式，并寫出其語法作用
1.I found him lying on the grass. __________________
2.The fire lasted nearly a month， leaving nothing valuable. _____________
3.The building being built now is our new gym.________________
4.Jordan says that the secret of his success is learning from failure._____________
5.Having studied computer science is an important qualification for the job.
____________________
lying；賓語補足語
leaving；狀語
being built；定語
learning；表語
Having studied；主語
6.We get pleasure from loving others and being loved by others.
___________________________
7.It is no use crying over spilt milk. ______________
8.Notices in the waiting room requested that you neither smoke nor spit.
_______________
loving； being loved；賓語
crying；主語
waiting；定語
合作探究 課時重點
探究一　熱詞
1.swallow vt.& vi. 吞下；咽下　n. 吞；咽；一次吞咽的量(教材P52)
swallow up 吞沒，淹沒；用盡，耗盡
swallow one's pride 忍耐，忍氣吞聲
at one swallow 一口吞下
①Icicles hung three feet or more from the roofs of the houses and snow swallowed up cars.
冰錐從房屋屋頂垂下三英尺或更長，積雪吞沒了汽車。
②Sometimes you have to swallow your pride and accept that you're wrong.
有時候，你不得不忍耐，承認自己的錯誤。
③He downed the medicine at one swallow.
他一口便把藥全吞下了。
【學會運用】單句語法填空
①Swallowing ____ (he) pride， he accepted the humble position offered to him.
②Many small businesses have been swallowed ____ by large companies.
③The soldier took the medicine ____ one swallow and the surgeon took away the rest.
【學會表達】翻譯
④比賽那天早上，她太緊張了，咽不下任何東西。
________________________________________________________________
his
up
at
On the morning of the competition, she was too nervous to swallow any food.
2.wrap vt. 包、裹；(用手臂等)圍住(教材P52)
wrap ... around ... 用……包裹……，用……裹身
wrap ... in ... 把……包在……里
wrap up (用紙、布等)包，裹；穿得暖和；圓滿完成，順利結束(工作、協議等)
①She wrapped a handkerchief around her bleeding palm.
她用手絹將流血的手掌包扎起來。(動作描寫)
②Wrap the chicken in foil and cook it for two hours.
把雞肉用箔紙包起來，烹飪兩個小時。
③He spent the evening wrapping up the Christmas presents.
他花了一個晚上的時間包裝圣誕禮物。
④Make sure you wrap up warm—it's freezing.
你一定要穿暖和點，太冷了。
【學會運用】單句語法填空
①I wrapped a bandage _______ my ankle to give it some support.
②The nurse carried in a baby wrapped ____ in a warm blanket.
③Seeing him lying in bed with his legs wrapped ____ bandages， we felt sorry for him.
【學會表達】翻譯
④我想趕快把這個會議結束，那我們就可以回家了。
___________________________________________________
around
up
in
I’d like to quickly wrap up this meeting, so we can go home.
3.slip vi. 滑倒；滑落；溜走　n. 滑倒；小錯誤；紙條(教材P53)
slip off/down/from 滑落；滑下
slip away/past/by 悄無聲息地溜走
slip over 滑倒；摔跤
slip into 陷入(困境)；溜進；使滑入
slip out 無意中說出(或泄露)
a slip of paper 一張紙條
a slip of the pen/tongue 筆誤/口誤
①It's very hot here and I sweat profusely, causing the eyeglasses to slip off my nose.
這里太熱了，我汗流浹背，眼鏡都從鼻子上滑下來了。(人物描寫)
②Having got her confidence back, she wouldn't let it slip away.
她恢復了信心，不會讓它溜走。
③She slipped over on the ice and broke her leg.
她在冰上滑倒，摔斷了腿。(動作描寫)
④It just slipped out one day that Dick was in the Secret Service.
一天，有人無意中泄露了迪克曾在特勤局工作。
⑤The dissidents exploited his slip of the tongue immediately and issued a statement.
持不同政見者立即利用了他的口誤并發表聲明。
【學會運用】單句語法填空
①When we were walking along the river， we saw a man slip _____ the river.
②She wrote down her phone number on ___ slip of paper and gave it to me.
③Time is especially precious to me and I don't want to see it slip ___________.
【學會表達】翻譯
④I didn't mean to tell you his name； it was a slip of my tongue at that time.
_________________________________________________
⑤抱歉，我說了這樣的話，這不過是無意中說出口的。
__________________________________
into
a
away/past/by
我不是有意告訴你他的名字的，只是一時口誤而已。
I’m sorry I said that; it just slipped out.
4.delay vi.& vt. 推遲；延期(做某事) vt. 耽誤；耽擱　n. 延誤；耽擱(的時間)；推遲(教材P53)
delay doing sth 延遲做某事
delay in 耽誤；延誤
without delay 立即；毫不延遲地
time delay 延時
①He delayed telling her the news, waiting for the right moment.
他推遲告訴她這個消息，等待合適的時機。
②There has been a delay in the book's publication.
這本書的出版出現了延誤。
③All of a sudden, the ship met with an accident and the couple had no choice but to run to the life boat without delay.
突然，船發生了事故，這對夫婦別無選擇，只能立即跑向救生艇。
【學會運用】單句語法填空
①He suggested that the problem be solved _______ delay.
②They delayed ___________ (announce) the decision until next month.
③We apologize for the delay ____ answering your e mail.
【學會表達】翻譯
④If there is a delay of 12 hours or more， you will receive a full refund of the price of your trip.
___________________________________________
without
announcing
in
如果延誤12小時或以上，將全額退還您的旅費。
1．elderly adj. 年紀較大的；上了年紀的(婉辭)→elder n. 長者；長輩
The elderly people are elders of the village.
這些老人都是村里的長者。
2．operator n. 電話接線員；操作員→operate v. 操作；運營→operation n. 操作；運營
The new operator wasn't able to operate the machine well and his improper operation led to the breakdown of the machine.
新的操作員不能很好地操作機器，他的不當操作導致了機器的故障。
【學會運用】單句語法填空
①An _______ (elder) patient was sitting in her wheelchair alone.
②The ________ (operate) asked the caller to hold on until a connection was made.
【學會表達】翻譯
③My father is rather elderly now and can't walk very fast.
_____________________________________
④你認識住在馬路對面的那個報務員嗎？
_________________________________________________
elderly
operator
我的父親現在年紀大了，走路走不快。
Do you know the telegraph operator living over the way
①It was also arranged for him to stay in the same inpatient ward with her daughter.
他還被安排和女兒住在同一個病房。
②Such a thin padded coat cannot ward off the cold mountain wind.
這么薄的棉衣在高山上擋不住寒風。
Ward
[熟義]n. 病房
[生義]v. __________________
避開；擋住；招架
【學會運用】同義詞替換
①Warm clothing and good food helps to ward a cold. _______
【學會表達】翻譯
②Some people think taking vitamin C can ward off colds.
______________________________________
avoid
有些人認為服用維生素C可以預防感冒。
探究二　短語
動詞－ing形式：包括傳統語法的動名詞和現在分詞兩個部分。
語法點1　動詞－ing形式是動詞的一種非謂語形式，包括動名詞和現在分詞兩種
動詞－ing形式在句中的語法作用：動名詞在句中作主語、賓語、表語和定語，現在分詞在句中作狀語、賓語補足語、表語和定語。如：
①Having a walk every day helps to make one keep healthy.(動名詞作主語)
每天散步有助于一個人保持健康。
②She can't stand being looked down upon in public.(動名詞作賓語)
她忍受不了在公眾場合被人看不起。
③His favourite exercise is playing football.(動名詞作表語)
他最喜歡的運動是踢足球。
④Grandma came into my bedroom with a walking stick in her hand. (動名詞作定語)
奶奶手里拿著拐杖走進我的臥室。
⑤The child slipped and fell, hitting his head against the door.(現在分詞作狀語)
那個孩子滑了一跤，頭撞到了門上。
⑥She couldn't have him getting away with telling lies.(現在分詞作賓語補足語)
她不能容忍他撒了謊而不受懲罰。
⑦The sky is glowing with orange and pink.(現在分詞作表語)
天空泛著橙粉色的光芒。
⑧The professor giving a speech about pollution is from Harvard University.(現在分詞作定語)
正在做關于污染問題的演講的教授來自哈佛大學。
完成句子
①在鄉村旅行給我帶來很多樂趣。
_____________________________ gives me much pleasure.
②如果你堅持這樣做，你將不得不承擔后果。
_____________________， you'll have to suffer the consequence.
③她的演講很有趣，也很鼓舞人心。
Her speech is rather ________________________.
Traveling around in the countryside
If you insist on doing so
interesting and encouraging
④不要在餐館里犯令人尷尬的錯誤。
Don't get caught ____________________________ at a restaurant.
⑤有人看見你爺爺正在花園里澆花。
Someone saw your grandfather _______________ in the garden.
making an embarrassing mistake
watering flowers
語法點2　動詞－ing形式的時態和語態
(1)現在分詞的時態
現在分詞作狀語時，要注意分詞的時間性，是用現在分詞的一般式(doing)，還是用完成式(having done)。
時態 主動 被動
一般式 doing being done
完成式 having done having been done
當現在分詞的動作與謂語動詞的動作同時發生時，用現在分詞的一般式。
Walking in the street, I met an old friend of mine.(walking和謂語動詞met同時發生)
我正在大街上行走時，遇到了一位老朋友。
當現在分詞的動作先發生，而謂語動詞的動作后發生時，用現在分詞的完成式。
Having finished the letter, he went to post it.(Having finished是先發生的，went是后發生的)
他寫完信后就把它寄了出去。
(2)現在分詞的語態
使用現在分詞的主動式還是被動式，這主要取決于現在分詞和句子主語之間的關系。句子的主語就是現在分詞的邏輯主語。
①Having finished his homework, he went to bed.(現在分詞的主動式)
完成作業后，他上床睡覺了。
②Having been shown around the factory, they were very happy.(現在分詞的被動式)
被帶領參觀了工廠后，他們很高興。
單句語法填空
①___________ (drive) from their homes， people were terrified by the hurricane.
②_______________ (tell) many times，he finally understood it.
③_______ (find) the course difficult，she decided to move to a lower level.
④________________ (not finish) the homework， she had to stay in the classroom.
⑤__________ (lose) his job， he had to struggle to make a living.
Being driven
Finding
Not having finished
Having lost
Having been told
語法點3　動詞－ing形式的其他特殊用法
(1)動詞－ing形式前面有時可加名詞所有格、物主代詞或人稱代詞賓格。如：
①Sophia's having seen them did not surprise us.
索菲婭看到他們并沒有讓我們感到驚訝。
②I hope you don't mind my saying that.
我希望你不要介意我這么說。
③He said nothing about us losing the game.
他對我們輸掉比賽只字未提。
(2)動詞－ing形式用作狀語時，其邏輯主語應與句子的主語保持一致。如：
在洗澡時，她看到水從浴缸的兩側漏了出來。
While having a bath, water leaked over the sides of the bathtub.(錯誤)
While having a bath, she saw water leaking over the sides of the bathtub.(正確)
(3)由before、after、when、while等引導的狀語從句常?？梢赞D換為對應的動詞－ing 短語。如：
①被蚊子叮咬后，她在皮膚上涂了一些藥。
After she had been bitten by mosquitoes, she applied some medicine to her skin.
→After having been bitten by mosquitoes, she applied some medicine to her skin.
②從浴缸里出來時，他滑倒在地板上。
When he got out of the bathtub, he slipped and fell on the floor.
→When getting out of the bathtub, he slipped and fell on the floor.
(4)動詞－ing形式用作定語時，可以表示被修飾名詞所具有的性質特征(此用法幾乎等同于形容詞)，也可以表示正在進行的動作，或說明被修飾名詞的用途。如：
a frightening experience(一次可怕的經歷)
a swimming girl(一個正在游泳的女孩)
a swimming pool(一個游泳池)
完成句子
①她堅持要彼得先去那兒。
She insisted on ________________ first.
②在等待升職的機會時，亨利不遺余力地履行他的職責。
__________________________________________， Henry did his best to perform his duty.
③最終，他犧牲在自己為之奮斗一生的手術臺上。
Eventually， he sacrificed himself on _________________ for which he had fought all his life.
Peter’s going there
While waiting for the opportunity to get promoted
the operating table
④我走進教室，發現里面一個人也沒有。
___________________， I found nobody in it.
⑤在歐洲旅行時，他發現了許多有趣的事件，體驗了不同的文化。
______________________， he found many ______________ and experienced different cultures.
Entering the classroom
While traveling in Europe
interesting events
對點練習 鞏固所學
維度一　高頻詞匯
(一)寫出下列詞綴的含義及例詞
1.under →________________→__________； _________； _________
2. tion→__________________→________； _________； ________
3. ic→____________________→_______； _______； ________
4. or→____________→________； _______； ______
在……下，不足
underneath
underwear
underline
行為；情況；狀態
radiation
production
attention
……的，屬于……的
electric
historic
dramatic
做……的人
operator
director
sailor
(二)選詞填空
elderly， swallow， slip， wrap， ambulance
1.She _______ away without him being aware of it.
2.He was crying out in pain on the ground when the __________ arrived.
3.She does some voluntary work， caring for the _______.
4.He took the bottle from her hands and finished it off at one ________.
5.She presented the children with chocolate ________ in festival golden paper.
slipped
ambulance
elderly
swallow
wrapped
維度二　語法運用
(三)單句語法填空
1.Collecting stones and growing flowers _____ (be) my father's hobby.
2.The question ______________ (discuss) at that moment was presented by the headmaster.
3.How do you think of the possibility of _____ (I) winning this scholarship？
4.Though _______ (lack) money， his parents managed to send him to university.
5.__________________ (not receive) a reply， the anxious mother decided to send an e mail to her daughter abroad again.
are
being discussed
my
lacking
Not having received
維度三 素養提升
(四)根據所給漢語，完成下列句子
1.聽到這個不幸的消息，他忍不住哭了出來。
__________________， he couldn't help crying out.
2.不知道下一步該做什么，我們向老師求助。
_________________________， we went to the teacher for help.
3.在得到適當的解釋后，所有的學生都理解了那道難題。
__________________________________， all the students worked out the difficult question.
Hearing the sad news
Not knowing what to do next
Having been given a proper explanation
(五)翻譯
1.在和同學交談時，我聽說我們學校要組建一支樂隊。
__________________________________________________________________
_________
2.被粉刷成白色后，房子變得更加漂亮了。
__________________________________________________
While talking with my classmates， I heard that a band would be formed in our school.
Having been painted white made the house more beautiful.
課后課時作業
較易題(占比70%)　中檔題(占比30%)　拔高題(占比0%)
題號 Ⅰ Ⅱ Ⅲ
難度 ★ ★★ ★
Ⅰ　完形填空
Todd and Donna woke up early one day to take pictures of the sunrise. While walking along the shoreline and enjoying the sights, Todd suddenly __1__ down. Donna thought her husband was __2__. However, she quickly realized this was no laughing matter. Todd's heart stopped beating and he turned __3__. Immediately she screamed for help.
Tyler Volpe, a __4__， was in the water when Todd came down. Volpe is also a physician assistant. He heard Donna's cries for help. “I knew it wasn't a __5__ scream，” he said. “I came flying out of the water.”
Volpe started chest compression (按壓) while Roy, another surfer, breathed into Todd's mouth. Then, they switched __6__ with each other. “I really thought he was __7__，” Donna said. As Roy and Volpe continued CPR, Todd breathed __8__ a few times.
The tide was starting to come in. Other surfers used their boards to form a __9__ between the rescue effort and the water. “They kept him __10__ until the ambulance got there，” Donna said. “It could have been two minutes or 10 days. I was watching my life __11__ with his.”
Doctors used a defibrillator (除顫器) to shock his heart and __12__ his heartbeat. On the second shock, he regained his feel.
篇章導讀：本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了Todd (托德)和Donna (唐納)去拍攝日出的照片，在海邊散步的時候Todd心臟驟停，后來在沖浪者和很多好心人的幫助下，Todd的生命得到了拯救的故事。
Todd and Donna planned to drive back home to New Jersey that morning, but decided to first take a walk on the beach. “It is lucky we didn't __13__ because it would have happened while we were driving home，” Donna said.
Donna __14__ a message asking if anyone knew the surfers who helped her husband—they wanted to __15__ them.
1．A.fell B．sat
C．took D．broke
解析：fall 落下，摔倒；sit 坐下；take 帶走；break 打破。根據下文中的“Todd's heart stopped beating”可知，Todd心臟驟停，所以他突然摔倒。故選A。
2．A.sleeping B．lying
C．joking D．thinking
解析：sleep 睡覺；lie 撒謊；joke 開玩笑；think 認為。根據下文中的“However, she quickly realized this was no laughing matter.”可知，Donna意識到，這不是開玩笑的事情，由此可知，此處指Donna認為她的丈夫在開玩笑。故選C。
3．A.red B．blue
C．green D．orange
解析：red 紅色；危險的；blue 藍色的；發青的；green 綠色的；未成熟的；orange 橙色的。根據常識和上文中的“Todd's heart stopped beating”可知，Todd心臟驟停，臉色發青。故選B。
4．A.worker B．doctor
C．reporter D．surfer
解析：worker 工人；doctor 醫生；reporter 記者；surfer 沖浪者。根據下文中的“Volpe started chest compression (按壓) ... breathed into Todd’s mouth.”可知，另一位沖浪者做人工呼吸，由此可推知，Volpe (沃爾普)也是沖浪者。故選D。
5．A.loud B．normal
C．sudden D．lasting
解析：loud 大聲的；normal 正常的；sudden 突然的；lasting 持續的。根據上文中的“Immediately she screamed for help.”和“wasn't”可知，Donna發現Todd心臟驟停，她發出的求救聲應該不是正常的尖叫。故選B。
6．A.positions B．clothes
C．boards D．apartments
解析：position 位置；clothes 衣服；board 板；apartment 公寓。根據上文中的“Volpe started chest compression (按壓) ... breathed into Todd's mouth.”以及“switched”和常識可知，在進行心肺復蘇時，兩個人應該是輪流著進行，所以此處指交換位置。故選A。
7．A.cold B．dead
C．safe D．lucky
解析：cold 冷的；dead 死的；safe 安全的；lucky 幸運的。根據語境和上文中的“Todd's heart stopped beating”可知，Todd心臟停止跳動，所以Donna認為他真的死了。故選B。
8．A.quietly B．easily
C．deeply D．evenly
解析：quietly 安靜地；easily 容易地；deeply 深深地；evenly 平均地。根據上文中的“Todd breathed”可知，在心肺復蘇的作用下，Todd深呼吸了幾次。故選C。
9．A.sight B．bridge
C．link D．barrier
解析：sight 視力；bridge 橋梁；link 聯系；barrier 屏障，障礙。根據語境和上文中的“The tide was starting ... their boards to form”可知，漲潮的時候，其他沖浪者用沖浪板建立了一個屏障以擋住海水來幫助救援。故選D。
10．A.warm B．alive
C．positive D．brave
解析：warm 溫暖的；alive 活躍的；活著的；positive 積極的；brave 勇敢的。根據語境和下文中的“until the ambulance got there”可知，此處指的是這些救援者讓Todd一直處于活著的狀態，直到救護車的到來。故選B。
11．A.start B．develop
C．end D．continue
解析：start 開始；develop 開發；end 結束；continue 繼續。根據上文中的“It could have been two minutes or 10 days.”可知，丈夫處于危急時刻，性命攸關，Donna是非常焦急和絕望的，所以Donna覺得自己的生命要和Todd的生命一起結束了。故選C。
12．A.record B．review
C．repeat D．restore
解析：record 記錄；review 回顧；復習；repeat 重復；restore 恢復，使復原。根據常識和上文中的“Doctors used a defibrillator (除顫器) to shock his heart”可知，醫生使用除顫儀是為了使Todd的心臟恢復跳動。故選D。
13．A.pay B．speed
C．pause D．leave
解析：pay 支付；speed 加速；pause 暫停；leave 離開。根據下文中的“because it would have happened while we were driving home”可知，這件事有可能會發生在回家的途中，所以此處指的是幸運的是，他們沒有離開。故選D。
14．A.answered B．learned
C．posted D．heard
解析：answer 回答；learn 學習；post 發布，公布；hear 聽到。根據下文中的“a message asking ... helped her husband”可知，此處指的是Donna發布了一條信息來尋找幫助Todd的沖浪者。故選C。
15．A.thank B．meet
C．accept D．miss
解析：thank 感謝；meet 遇見；accept 接受；miss 錯過；思念。根據上文中的“anyone knew the surfers who helped her husband”和常識可知，對于幫助過她丈夫的人，他們應該表示感謝。故選A。
Ⅱ　七選五
The possibility of being killed on a single airline flight is one in 4.7 million. Here are some lifesaving habits you are supposed to remember every time you fly.
Your carry on bag
The safest thing to do with your carry on is leave it on the plane. Flight crews ask you to keep your luggage clear of the aisles (通道) for a reason. __1__ With as few as 90 seconds to evacuate (撤離) a burning place, the precious time spent reaching for luggage could be a life and death decision for someone.
Your seat
__2__ The safest place to sit on a plane is behind the wings. A Popular Mechanics Study of 20 commercial jet crashes with both fatalities (死亡) and survivors found that passengers seated in the rear cabin (behind the wings) had a 69 percent chance of survival, compared with just 49 percent for those in first class.
During a crash
The first thing you should do during a crash is put on the oxygen mask the minute it drops.
During a loss of cabin pressure, the fall in oxygen can knock you unconscious in as little as 20 seconds. __3__ You can't help if you can't breathe.
Listen to your flight attendants. Most importantly, through any emergency, be nice to the flight attendant.
What to wear
__4__ The US National Transportation Safety Board says that 68 percent of plane crash fatalities occur in post crash fires, not in the initial impact.
Fortunately, here's what you can plan for days in advance while you pack your suitcase: on the day you're flying, avoid wearing synthetic fibers like polyester and nylon. Instead, choose natural materials like cotton or wool. It's also a good idea to wear long pants (like jeans) and a long sleeved shirt for extra protection from flames and sharp objects. __5__ Slippers might seem like a good idea for braving airport security, but in the chaos of a crash or evacuation, they'll only slow you down.
A．You can narrowly escape from an air crash.
B．Always secure your oxygen mask before helping others.
C．Good mentality (心態) of a pilot is a necessity for safe flight.
D．Besides, the best shoes to wear on a plane never leave your feet.
E．The safest way to dress on a plane is to avoid anything easy to catch fire.
F．In the event of an evacuation, you don't want it blocking an escape route.
G．In the event of an evacuation, the closer you are to an exit, the higher the chance you'll have to escape safely.
篇章導讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了每次坐飛機時都應該記住的一些逃生習慣。
1．答案：F
解析：根據上文“The safest thing to do ... aisles (通道) for a reason.(對你的隨身行李最安全的處理方法就是把它留在飛機上?？粘巳藛T要求你不要把行李放在過道上是有原因的。)”可知，F項(在疏散事件中，你不希望它擋住逃生路線。)解釋了這樣做的原因，且其中的it指代上文中的your carry on。故選F。
2．答案：G
解析：本段與Your seat有關，根據下文“The safest place to sit on a plane ... 49 percent for those in first class.”可知，本段主要講述了飛機上乘客的位置與飛機失事中生還幾率之間的關系，G項(在疏散事件中，你離出口越近，安全逃生的幾率就越高。)概括本段內容。故選G。
3．答案：B
解析：根據上文“During a loss of cabin pressure ... as little as 20 seconds.(在機艙失壓時，氧氣的下降可以在短短20秒內使你失去意識。)”和下文“You can't help if you can't breathe.(如果你不能呼吸，你也沒辦法幫助別人。)”可知，B項(在幫助別人之前一定要戴好氧氣面罩。)承上啟下。故選B。
4．答案：E
解析：根據本段小標題“What to wear”以及下文“The US National Transportation Safety Board ... not in the initial impact.”可知，飛機失事時，多數死亡事件與火災有關，E項(在飛機上最安全的著裝方法是避免穿任何容易著火的衣服。)引出下文。故選E。
5．答案：D
解析：本段主題為What to wear，D項(此外，在飛機上穿的最好的鞋子是永遠不會離開你的腳的鞋子。)符合語境。故選D。
Ⅲ　語法填空
Parents __1__ (advise) to include fish into their children's diets after __2__ study found eating one to three servings of fish each week is linked with higher IQs and better sleep.
The US researchers analyzed the IQs, fish eating habits and sleeping patterns of over 500 Chinese children __3__ (age) 9 to 11. They found children who ate fish weekly scored nearly five points higher on IQ tests than those who didn't. Children who had fish sometimes had a roughly three IQ point advantage __4__ those who didn't or rarely ate it.
The finding builds on __5__ (exist) research about the positive effects of Omega 3 fatty acids. “Omega 3s in fish have been tied to intelligence and sleep independently, __6__ they've never all been connected before，” a researcher said.
The study also questioned parents on their children's quality of sleep, including how often they wake in the middle of the night and “daytime sleepiness”. It found, “increased fish __7__ (consume) was associated with fewer disturbances of sleep.”
Researcher Pinot Martin said parents could give children fish as young as 10 months old and should start by about 2. For infants (嬰幼兒), she said, make sure the fish is __8__ (fine) chopped (切碎) and has no bones.
篇章導讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了一項研究發現，每周吃一到三次魚與更高的智商和更好的睡眠有關。
“Introducing the taste early __9__ (make) it more acceptable，” Pinot Martin said. “It really has to be a lot of efforts, especially in a culture __10__ fish is not as commonly served.”
1．________　2．________　3．________　4．________　5．________　
6．________　7．________　8．________　9．________　10．________
解析：考查動詞的時態、語態和主謂一致。主語Parents和謂語動詞advise是被動關系，此處指的是“被建議”，應用被動語態，描述一般事實，應用一般現在時，主語Parents是復數，因此be動詞用are。故填are advised。
1．答案：are advised
解析：考查冠詞。study是發音以輔音音素開頭的單詞，意為“研究”，是可數名詞，此處泛指“一項研究”，應用不定冠詞a。故填a。
2．答案：a
解析：考查詞性轉換。句意：美國研究人員分析了500多名9歲至11歲中國兒童的智商、魚類飲食習慣和睡眠模式。形容詞aged意為“……歲”，作后置定語修飾名詞children。故填aged。
3．答案：aged
解析：考查介詞。固定短語have an advantage over意為“比……有優勢”。故填over。
4．答案：over
解析：考查詞性轉換。此處修飾名詞research，應用形容詞作定語，existing意為 “現有的”。故填existing。
5．答案：existing
解析：考查連詞。句意：“魚肉中的Omega 3與智力和睡眠有關，但它們以前從未有過關聯，”一位研究人員說。此處表示轉折，應用表示轉折的并列連詞but/yet。故填but/yet。
6．答案：but/yet
解析：考查詞性轉換。句意：研究發現，“增加魚類的攝入量可以減少睡眠障礙”。設空處應用名詞consumption作主語，此處指的是“魚類的攝入量”。故填consumption。
7．答案：consumption
解析：考查詞性轉換。此處修飾動詞chopped，應用副詞finely作狀語。故填finely。
8．答案：finely
解析：考查動詞的時態和主謂一致。本句敘述客觀事實，應用一般現在時，主語是動名詞短語，因此謂語動詞用單數。故填makes。
9．答案：makes
解析：考查定語從句的引導詞。設空處引導定語從句，先行詞為culture，關系詞替代先行詞在從句中作地點狀語，應用關系副詞where。故填where。
10．答案：where
After a long day at the office, Jane Hodgson was on her way home and looking forward to relaxing with a nice cup of tea. While driving, she noticed that there was a car pulled over at the side of the road and a crowd had started to gather around someone who was lying on the ground.
Jane, who had completed first aid at the work course with the British Red Cross, pulled over to see if she could do something and it turned out to be lucky for the victim.
精深閱讀
Describing the scene she saw, Jane says, “A crowd of onlookers gathered at the scene. A couple of young men were pale－faced and looking lost.”
They were completely terrified. When I walked up, first aid kit in hand, they said, “You're a first aider—Oh thank goodness.” They were so shocked that they hadn't even thought to call an ambulance yet.
A young girl called Jenny was lying there. It turned out that the teen had been hit by a car and gone over the handlebars of her bike, landing on her head and shoulder.
“I was worried because she had not been wearing a helmet when she got knocked down, and I thought that she should not be moved as I couldn't be sure about a spinal injury, but after looking her over, in relief, I felt fairly confident that she had escaped relatively unharmed. Even so, as time passed and we continued to wait for an ambulance, the amount of pain the girl was in was increasing. To avoid the risk of her going into shock I kept her talking. We chatted about her boyfriend and anything I could think of to keep her mind off the pain. She squeezed my hand when the pain got too much and this helped，” describes Jane.
篇章導讀：本文是一篇記敘文。Jane Hodgson (簡·霍奇森)在回家的路上遇到了一場交通事故，Jane在救助過程中判斷受傷少女Jenny (珍妮)的傷情，并確保她保持清醒，幫助Jenny度過了可怕的經歷，這讓Jane意識到小的行為也可以起到很大作用。
Thinking back, Jane says, “I never did find out what happened to the girl. Apart from the boyfriend I wasn't thanked by anyone else, but that's OK. For me, knowing that in a small way I helped that girl through what was a frightening experience is all the reward I need. It felt great to know I'd made a difference.”
1．What was Jane doing when she came across the accident
A．Driving home.
B．Repairing her car.
C．Drinking some tea.
D．Going to the first aid course.
解析：細節理解題。根據第一段“After a long day at the office ... who was lying on the ground.”可知，Jane遇到事故時正在開車回家。故選A。
2．Which part of Jenny's body might be worst injured
A．Her legs. B．Her hands.
C．Her head. D．Her stomach.
解析：推理判斷題。根據第五段中的“It turned out that ... landing on her head and shoulder. (原來，這名少女被汽車撞了，從自行車的車把上翻了過去，頭部和肩膀著地。)”和第六段中的“I was worried ... got knocked down (我很擔心，因為她被撞倒時沒有戴頭盔)”可推知，Jenny的頭部可能受傷最嚴重。故選C。
3．What mattered most in Jane's help
A．Calling an ambulance.
B．Offering some first aid.
C．Contacting the girl's boyfriend.
D．Keeping the girl awake.
解析：細節理解題。根據第六段中的“To avoid the risk of ... got too much and this helped”可知，在Jane的救助中讓女孩保持清醒是最重要的。故選D。
4．What did Jane Hodgson learn from her experience of helping Jenny
A．Not all kindness needs reward.
B．First aid can save lives.
C．A small act can make a difference.
D．It felt good to learn first aid skills.
解析：推理判斷題。根據最后一段中的“For me, knowing that ... I'd made a difference.(對我來說，知道自己以微薄之力幫助那個女孩度過了一段可怕的經歷，這就是我所需要的全部獎勵。知道自己有所作為的感覺很棒。)”可推知，Jane Hodgson從幫助Jenny的經歷中學到了小的行為可以起很大作用。故選C。
精深閱讀——好詞句小練
(一)熱詞
1．scene n. ____________
2．______ adv. 相當地
3．_________ adv. 相對地；相當地
4．________ v. 緊握；捏
5．________ n. 獎勵；回報
場景；場面
fairly
relatively
squeeze
reward
(二)高頻短語
1．__________________ 在某人(去……)的路上
2．_________ 靠邊停車
3．______________ 證明(是)，結果(是)
4．___________ 一群
5．__________ 除了；除了……還
on one's way (to ...)
pull over
turn out (to be)
a crowd of
apart from
(三)根據語境填入恰當的內容
1．I have looked forward to _______ (visit) Hangzhou for many years.
2．She sighed ____ relief that it was all over.
3．She was _________ (terrify) at the thought of being alone.
(四)寫出下列句子中黑體部分的漢語釋義
1．Did you see the girl standing by us in the lunch line—she looks so lost, so out of place.____________
2．He isn't seriously injured but he is in a state of shock.______
3．It was a very frightening experience and they were very courageous. _______
visiting
in
terrified
不知所措的
休克
可怕的
(五)用方框中單詞或短語的正確形式替換下列句子中的黑體部分
gather， complete， look over
1．Ahead of departure, conduct your regular checks by examining the battery and tyres to ensure everything is in order.___________
2．Even though it often seemed too difficult to finish this task, he didn't give up._________
3．The holiday mainly focuses on families and friends getting together for a meal.__________
looking over
complete
gathering
(六)長難句分析
For me, knowing that in a small way I helped that girl through what was a frightening experience is all the reward I need.
句意：對我來說，知道自己以微薄之力幫助那個女孩度過了一段可怕的經歷，這就是我所需要的全部獎勵。
分析：句子主干為________________________，是“_______”結構。knowing ... 是動名詞短語作______；that in a small way ... experience是_______從句，該從句的主干是_________________；what引導_______從句；I need是省略引導詞_____的_______從句。
knowing ... is all the reward
主系表
主語
賓語
I helped that girl
賓語
that
定語
(七)根據所給漢語，完成下列句子
1．He saved the drowning boy ___________________________(冒著生命危險)．
2．Do something engaging that will __________________ (使你不去想) your emotions.
(八)仿寫句子
　The old man was cheated while doing some shopping on the Internet.(狀語從句的省略)
仿寫：他們在看這部電影時深受鼓舞。
_____________________________________
at the risk of losing his own life
keep your mind off
They felt inspired while watching the film.

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