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英語 選擇性必修 第二冊 RJ
Section Ⅲ　Using Language & Assessing Your Progress
——Listening and Speaking——
一、聽力微技能1——聽前預測
預測是在做聽力之前根據題目和所給答案選項等已有信息，對即將聽到的對話或段落內容進行預測，以此判斷出聽力材料所涉及的方向，做到心中有數。
(1)從答案選項中預測：
Q：What does Tom do
A．He's a truck driver.
B．He's a ship captain.
C．He's a pilot.
錄音：
W：Tom flew to Anchorage last night, then took some passengers from there to Dallas.
M：Yeah, but he couldn't land because the airport in Dallas was snowed in.
從選項看，問題是關于職業方面的，再從flew, passengers, airport這些信息詞中可以確定Tom的職業是pilot。
(2)從說話人的口氣預測：
在A，B兩人的對話中，如果B是附和或贊成，往往說“Yes”，“I agree”，“Sure”，“I think so”等。但如果A用否定句，B表示同意時則用“No”，“Neither/Nor”等。
例如：
A：Harvey doesn't seem to fit into this class.
B：No, he is really a fish out of water.
二、話題口語表達(開放型)
通過以下兩個問題，和你的小伙伴互相提問，了解著名物理學家——史蒂芬·霍金。
1．What about Hawking's image in people's mind
2．What makes Hawking a famous figure in the world
3．What effect does Hawking's story have on your life
——Reading for Writing——
一、閱讀單詞：寫出漢語含義
1．shadow n. 陰影；影子；背光處
2．rainbow n. 彩虹
3．plasma n. 血漿
4．aerospace n. 航空航天工業
5．aviation n. 航空制造業；航空；飛行
6．jet n. 噴氣式飛機
7．missile n. 導彈
8．leadership n. 領導；領導地位；領導才能
9．concept n. 概念；觀念
二、高頻單詞：寫出英文單詞
1．cast vt. 投射；向……投以(視線、笑容等)；投擲
2．pour vt. 倒出；傾瀉；斟(飲料)
3．concrete n. 混凝土　adj. 混凝土制的；確實的；具體的
4．defend vt. 保衛；防守；辯解
5．outstanding adj. 優秀的；杰出的；明顯的
6．gifted adj. 有天賦的；有天才的；天資聰慧的
7．abstract adj. 抽象的；理論上的　n. (文獻等的)摘要
8．besides prep. 除……之外(還)　adv. 而且；此外
9．furthermore adv. 此外；再者
10．fault n. 弱點；過錯
11．shift n. 改變；轉換；輪班　vi.& vt. 轉移；挪動；轉向
三、拓展單詞：寫出下列單詞的詞性轉換(可查字典)
1．patriotic adj. 愛國的→patriot n. 愛國者
2．mechanic n. 機械師；機械修理工→mechanical adj. 機械的；發動機的；機器的
3．assistant n. 助理；助手→assist v. 幫助，協助→assistance n. 幫助，援助
4．steady adj. 穩定的；平穩的；穩步的→steadily adv. 逐漸地，穩步地
5．astronomy n. 天文學→astronomer n. 天文學家
6．brilliant adj. 聰穎的；絕妙的；明亮的→brilliantly adv. 燦爛地；輝煌地；光亮地
7．vivid adj. 生動的；鮮明的；豐富的→vividly adv. 生動地；逼真地；鮮明地
四、熟詞生義：寫出熟義
trace [熟義] v. 追溯；追蹤；蹤跡
[生義] n. 痕跡；遺跡；蹤跡　v. 繪出；勾畫出(輪廓)
五、核心短語：寫出英語表達
1．break__out (戰爭、打斗等不愉快的事情)突然開始；爆發
2．in__charge__of 主管；掌管
3．come__down__with 患(病)；染上(小病)
4．above__all 最重要的是；尤其是
課文三維剖析
THE FATHER OF CHINA'S AEROSPACE
中國航天之父
Perhaps no other scientist has had a greater impact on China's aerospace science1 than Qian Xuesen. Described by2 the authors of the Story of Qian Xuesen as a man3 with “great scientific thought and scientific spirit” who was patriotic and served his homeland with effort, achievement, and devotion, Qian was an extremely well－respected man. 也許再沒有哪一位科學家比錢學森對中國航天科學的影響更大了。錢學森備受人們的尊敬，《錢學森的故事》一書的作者稱他為一位具有“偉大科學思想和科學精神”的人，并且他熱愛祖國、甘于奉獻、成就斐然。 Born in Shanghai in 19114, Qian attended schools in Beijing and then entered Shanghai Jiao Tong University to study Railway Mechanical Engineering5. However, after6 the Songhu Battle broke out in 1932, Qian made the decision to switch his major to aviation7 because8 he realised that China needed its own powerful air force to protect and defend the country9. 錢學森1911年生于上海，在北京上學，后來考入上海交通大學，學習鐵道機械工程。不過，1932年淞滬會戰爆發后，錢學森意識到中國需要建設強大的空軍來保衛國家，因此決定改學航空專業。 Qian went to the United States in 1935 to pursue his graduate studies10. Over the course of the 1930s and 1940s11, Qian became a pioneer in American jet and rocket technology12. As a graduate assistant13 at the California Institute of Technology14during the 1930s15, Qian helped conduct important research into rocket propulsion, and16 in the 1940s, he and several other people founded the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, now one of NASA's leading space－exploration centres17. 1935年，錢學森前往美國讀研究生。二十世紀三四十年代，錢學森成為美國噴氣式飛機和火箭技術的先驅人物。二十世紀三十年代擔任加州理工學院的研究生助理時，錢學森協助開展火箭推進方面的重要研究工作。二十世紀四十年代，錢學森與其他幾人成立了噴氣推進實驗室，該實驗室現已成為美國宇航局領先的太空探索中心之一。 1 impact的后置定語 2　過去分詞短語作狀語 3　其后帶了兩個后置定語，一個是介詞短語with__“great__...__spirit”；另一個是定語從句who__was__...__and__devotion 4　過去分詞短語作狀語 5　目的狀語 6　引導時間狀語從句 7　decision的后置定語 8　引導原因狀語從句 9　賓語從句；need sb/sth to do sth, to do sth作賓補，句中its__own__powerful__air__force是賓語，to__protect__and__defend__the__country是賓補 10　目的狀語 11　時間狀語 12　pioneer的后置定語 13　方式狀語 14　地點狀語 15　時間狀語 16　and連接兩個并列分句 17　the Jet Propulsion Laboratory的同位語
After overcoming some difficulties during his final few years in the US18, Qian returned to China in 1955. He received a hero's welcome from his homeland and19 was put in charge of not only developing China's rocket science but also20 its space and missile programme. At that time, China was poor and its rocket science was undeveloped. No institute or university in China offered rocket science as a major, and there were no talents or experts in this field in China. Nevertheless, Qian did not let that discourage him from taking on the challenge. When21he was asked “Can we Chinese possibly make missiles？”， his reply was a determined “Why not We Chinese are able to make the same things that other people make22.” 留學美國的最后幾年，錢學森克服困難，于1955年回到中國。他受到了祖國英雄般的歡迎，受命發展中國的火箭科學以及航天和導彈項目。那時候，中國還很貧窮，火箭科學尚不發達。中國沒有一所學院或大學開設火箭科學專業，而且沒有該領域的人才或專家。然而，錢學森并不氣餒，而是接受挑戰。有人問他：“我們中國人有可能制造出導彈嗎？”他的回答十分堅定：“有什么不能的，外國人能造出來的，我們中國人同樣能造得出來。” Under Qian's leadership23, China developed the Dongfeng missiles, followed by the first generation of Long March rockets24. In 1970, China successfully launched its first man－made satellite, Dong Fang Hong Ⅰ25, from a Long March rocket. Because26 much of the technology behind the Shenzhou spacecrafts27 can also be traced back to Qian's research, Qian earned the name of “the father of China's aerospace”． 在錢學森的領導下，中國研制出了“東風”導彈，緊接著又研制出第一代“長征”系列火箭。1970年，中國使用“長征”火箭成功發射本國第一顆人造衛星“東方紅一號”。由于“神舟”系列火箭的大部分技術也可追根溯源到錢學森的研究，因此錢學森被譽為“中國航天之父”。 Qian read a lot and was extremely knowledgeable, especially in the area of frontier science research. However, what might have made him such an outstanding and creative scientist28 was probably his strong interest in other things, such as music and drawing29. His deep appreciation for art often gave him inspiration in his scientific research. 錢學森博覽群書，尤其在前沿科學研究領域知識極其淵博。然而，他之所以能成為一名如此杰出、富有創造力的科學家，可能是因為他對音樂、繪畫等其他事物的濃厚興趣。他深厚的藝術鑒賞力時常給科研工作帶來靈感。 On 31 October 2009, the whole country was saddened by Qian's death, and30 people honoured and remembered him in different ways. 2009年10月31日，錢學森逝世，舉國哀痛，人們以各種方式紀念他、緬懷他。 18　介詞后跟動名詞短語作時間狀語 19　and 連接兩個并列謂語動詞received和was__put 20　not only ... but also ... 連接介詞of的兩個賓語 21　引導時間狀語從句 22　定語從句 23　方式狀語 24　過去分詞短語作狀語 25　its first man－made satellite的同位語 26　引導原因狀語從句 27　technology的后置定語 28　主語從句 29　other things的同位語 30　連接兩個并列分句
A WORLD OF PURE THOUGHT
一個純思維的世界
Stephen Hawking was one of the most famous and gifted scientists in physics. Most people are familiar with images of him in his wheelchair, unable to move and using a computer to talk. Since he came down with a disease31which caused him to lose the use of most of his muscles32, his world became one of abstract thought. 史蒂芬·霍金是物理學界最負盛名、最具天賦的科學家之一。大多數人都很熟悉他坐在輪椅上無法動彈、只能通過電腦來說話的樣子。他因患病致使其大部分肌肉萎縮無力，他的世界變成了一個抽象思維的世界。 Hawking first achieved fame when33 he was still healthy enough to walk, as a graduate student in physics at Cambridge University in 196434. In general, there were two main theories on the origin of the universe35. The first was the steady state theory, which holds that the universe has no beginning or end36　. The other was the big bang theory, which holds that the universe began at a single point in time and space37. The biggest champion of the steady state concept was Fred Hoyle, a professor at Cambridge38. During the question and answer period after one of Hoyle's lectures39, Hawking stood up and pointed out that40 Hoyle had made a mistake in his maths. Once the maths was corrected, it showed that41 the big bang theory—and not the steady state theory—was true. Hawking's own work on the big bang theory42 was soon proven by astronomers with telescopes. A star was born. 霍金最早成名于1964年，當時他身體健康，行動自如，是劍橋大學物理學研究生。總的來說，宇宙起源有兩大理論：第一個是穩恒態理論，認為宇宙無始無終；另一個是大爆炸理論，認為宇宙始于時空中的一個點。穩恒態概念的最大擁護者是劍橋大學的弗雷德·霍伊爾教授。在霍伊爾的一次講座中，霍金在問答環節站了起來，指出霍伊爾教授計算有誤。錯誤糾正之后顯示大爆炸理論而非穩恒態理論是正確的。不久，天文學家用望遠鏡觀察宇宙，驗證了霍金對大爆炸理論的研究。一位明星就此誕生。 So, what made Stephen Hawking a genius43 Besides being brilliant, he was brave, though sometimes careless44 in what he said or did45. He was willing to say what others were afraid to say46, and to dream of what others were afraid to dream about47. Furthermore, he was quite determined. This had helped him as a scientist, and had helped him even more in his fight against his disease. Above all, Hawking was willing to admit his faults. This odd combination of characteristics had made him one of the greatest thinkers of the 20th and 21st centuries48. 那么，是什么使史蒂芬·霍金成為一名天才呢？除了才華橫溢之外，他還是一個勇敢的人，盡管有時候言行舉止比較隨意。他敢說別人不敢說的話，做別人不敢做的夢。此外，他意志堅定。無論是作為一位科學家，還是與病魔作斗爭，這種品質對他都大有幫助。最重要的是，霍金敢于承認錯誤。這些性格特點的奇特組合使得他成為二十世紀與二十一世紀最偉大的思想家之一。 31　原因狀語從句 32　定語從句，修飾disease 33　引導時間狀語從句 34　狀語 35　theories的后置定語 36　非限制性定語從句，解釋說明the steady state theory 37　非限制性定語從句，解釋說明the big bang theory 38　Fred Hoyle的同位語 39　時間狀語 40　引導賓語從句 41　引導賓語從句 42　work的后置定語 43　“make＋賓語＋賓補”結構，Stephen Hawking是賓語，a genius是名詞作賓補 44　讓步狀語從句的省略，從句補充完整為though__he__was_ _sometimes__careless 45　介詞in的賓語從句 46　賓語從句 47　介詞of的賓語從句 48 him的賓補
閱讀領悟
(一)填空并連線
第一篇：
第二篇：
(二)高頻語法現象
1．狀語從句的省略
竣工后，該建筑將提供約130間公寓和一個地下停車場。
When__finished,__the building will contain about 130 apartments and an underground car park.
2．名詞作賓補
長期的努力和個性使他成為一個領導者。
The long－term hard work and personality made__him__a__leader．
3．which引導非限制性定語從句
他發動了汽車，汽車平穩地發出嗡嗡聲。
He started the car, which__hummed__smoothly．
4．介詞后接賓語從句
我不明白他在說些什么。
I couldn't make head nor tail of what__he__was__saying.
5．名詞后跟兩個定語
那個開著黑色汽車的年輕人現在是一名體育明星，他的父親是我們的老師。
The young man in__a__black__car__whose__father__is__our__teacher is now a sports star.
(三)問題鏈
1．What made Qian Xuesen an outstanding and creative scientist according to the text
He__was__greatly__interested__in__music__and__drawing.
2．What did Qian and Hawking have in common according to the two passages
They__were__both__excellent__scientists__and__made__great__contributions.
探究一　熱詞
1.pour vt. 倒出；傾瀉；斟(飲料)(教材P7)
pour out 涌出；倒出 pour in 涌入 pour into 朝……里面倒；涌入 pour out one's heart to sb 向某人敞開心扉；傾訴衷腸
①I poured out my thoughts on paper in an attempt to rationalize my feelings.
我將自己的想法倒出，寫在紙上以求理順情緒。
②Letters of complaint continue to pour in.
投訴信紛至沓來。
③A large number of tourists pour into the scenic spot, making it very crowded.
大量的游客涌入景區，使得景區十分擁擠。
【學會運用】單句語法填空
①She poured out her troubles to me over a cup of coffee.
②News, facts and opinions pour in from every corner of the world.
【學會表達】翻譯
③I used to pour time and energy into projects that were doomed from the start.
過去我總是將時間和精力投入到一些從一開始就注定要失敗的項目上。
④朋友是那些我們在悲傷之時可以敞開心扉之人。(讀后續寫之友誼)
Friends__are__those__whom__we__can__pour__out__our__heart__to__when__we're__sad.
2.defend vt. 保衛；防守；辯解(教材P7)
·defence n. 防御；保衛；辯護 defend oneself 為自己辯護；自衛 defend sb/sth/oneself from/against ... 保護某人/某物/自己免受……傷害
①Smith has announced that she will defend herself in the case.
史密斯已宣布她將在此案中為自己辯護。
②While entering a strange yard in that village, you have to defend yourself against the guard dog.
當你進入那個村子里一個陌生的院子時，你必須保護自己不受看門狗的傷害。
【學會運用】單句語法填空
①All our officers are trained to defend themselves from/against knife attacks.
②If cornered, the snake will defend itself (it).
③Nobody spoke out in his defence (defend)．
【學會表達】翻譯
④她做好了隨時保衛家人和國家的準備。
She__has__always__been__ready__to__defend__not__only__the__family__but__also__the__country.
3.gifted adj. 有天賦的；有天才的；天資聰慧的(教材P8)
·gift n. 禮物；天賦；才能　v. 贈送；(無意中)讓(對手)獲得 be gifted in (doing) ... 在(做)……方面有天賦 be gifted with ... 天生具備……
①Some of these gifted people may have done poorly in school because their gifts were not scholastic.
有些有天賦的人可能在學校表現不佳，因為他們的天賦不是學術方面的。
②He was gifted with a charming smile.
他有一副迷人的微笑。
【學會運用】單句語法填空
①She was an accomplished pianist, a superb swimmer, and a gifted (gift) artist.
②Brain is gifted in composing; he is very likely to be a Beethoven.
【學會表達】翻譯
③學校常常不能滿足資優學生的需求。
Schools__often__fail__to__meet__the__needs__of__gifted__children.
4.fault n. 弱點；過錯(教材P9)
be one's fault 是某人的過錯 be at fault 有過錯；有責任 find fault with 挑剔，挑……的毛病
①Why should I say sorry when it's not my fault
不是我的錯為什么要我道歉？
②She did not wish to convey that they were all at fault.
她不愿表明他們都有錯。
③There was not a single thing about her that one could find fault with.
在她身上找不出一點讓別人挑剔的地方。
【學會運用】單句語法填空
①It's not his (he) fault that he's so arrogant—he was born that way.
②He could never accept that he had been at fault.
【學會表達】完成句子
③但事實上，并不是你記憶力的問題。
But, in fact, it's not your memory that is__at__fault．
④他最喜歡做的事就是找我的茬。
What he likes to do best is to__find__fault__with__me．
1．mechanic n. 機械師；機械修理工→mechanical adj. 機械的；發動機的；機器的
We need a mechanic to do the fix job for this is the oldest working mechanical clock in the world.
我們需要一個機械師來修理，因為這是世界上最古老的仍在運轉的機械鐘。
2．assistant n. 助理；助手→assist v. 幫助，協助→assistance n. 幫助，援助
Since 1976 he has been operating the shop with the assistance of volunteers while his wife as the assistant to assist him to do ordinary work.
自1976年以來，他一直在志愿者的幫助下經營這家店，而他的妻子作為助理協助他做日常工作。(讀后續寫之人物描寫)
【學會運用】單句語法填空
①She couldn't attend the meeting so her assistant (assist) took her place.
②The breakdown was due to a mechanical (mechanic) failure.
【學會表達】翻譯
③We need a mechanical digger to level the ground.
我們需要一臺挖掘機來平整土地。
④他請求我們協助他完成計劃。
He__asked__us__to__assist__him__in__carrying__on__his__plan.
trace
[熟義]v. 追溯；追蹤；查出 [生義]n. 痕跡；遺跡；蹤跡 v. 繪出，勾畫出(輪廓)
①We finally traced him to an address in Chicago.
我們終于追查到他在芝加哥的一個地址。
②It's exciting to discover traces of earlier civilizations.
發現以前文明的遺跡，真令人興奮。
③He traced the route on the map.
他在地圖上勾畫出了路線。
【學會運用】同義詞替換
①The classic superheroes like Spiderman or Superman trace back to many decades ago.date
【學會表達】翻譯
②One day he left, and disappeared without a trace.
有一天他離開了，消失得無影無蹤。
③A tear traced a path down her cheek.(讀后續寫之情緒描寫)
一滴眼淚沿著她的面頰流了下來。__
探究二　短語
1.break out (戰爭、打斗等不愉快的事情)突然開始；爆發(教材P7)
break其他相關短語： break down (機器或車輛)出毛病，損壞；(討論、關系或系統)失敗，破裂，失靈；感情失控(痛哭起來) break up (使)分裂；(被)拆分；(使)破碎；(夫妻)結束關系；(會議、聚會)解散 break into 強行進入；闖入 break off 折斷；(使)斷開；突然中止 break away (from ...) (從……)掙脫；脫開；逃脫
①When hostilities broke out he joined up.
戰爭爆發后，他參了軍。
②We are able to assist motorists whose vehicles break down or are involved in accidents within 20 minutes.
我們可在20分鐘內協助車輛出現故障或發生事故的駕駛者。
③The meeting broke up at eleven o'clock.
會議在十一點結束。
④Her house was broken into last week.
她的房子上周被人闖入了。
⑤She broke off a piece of chocolate and gave it to me.
她掰了一塊巧克力給我。(讀后續寫之動作描寫)
⑥I broke away from him and rushed out into the hall.
我掙脫了他，沖進了大廳。(讀后續寫之動作描寫)
【學會運用】單句語法填空
①She broke away from the pack and opened up a two－second lead.
②Lee broke off a small piece of orange and held it out to him.
③Since war broke out,__the phones at donation centres have been ringing off the hook.
【學會表達】完成句子
④附近沒有人可能會看見他試圖闖入那所房子。
There was no one nearby who might see him trying to break__into__the__house．
⑤因為他那時對我那般友善關心，我情不自禁哭了起來。
Because he was being so kind and concerned, I__broke__down__and__cried.
2.come down with 患(病)；染上(小病)(教材P8)
come其他相關短語/表達： come about 發生；產生 come across 偶然發現；偶然遇見 come up 走近；出現；被提及 come up with 想出，提出(計劃、想法等) come out (書或光盤)出版，發行；露出；顯示；結果是 come to life 恢復知覺；蘇醒 when it comes to (doing) sth 當提到/涉及(做)某事時
①I think I'm coming down with flu.
我想我得了流感。
②I came across a small clearing and immediately noticed the dead yellow grasses set against the fresh snow.
我偶然發現了一塊小空地，立刻注意到枯黃的草與剛下的雪相映成趣。(讀后續寫之環境描寫)
③We've been asked to come up with some new ideas.
我們被要求提出一些新的想法。
④The truth about what happened is beginning to come out.
所發生的事情的真相開始浮出水面。
【學會運用】單句語法填空
①Never have I come across such a difficult problem.
②Keep your eye on these jokers; you never know what they will come up with.
③We come down with illnesses more easily when under stress.
【學會表達】完成句子
④日出之后，這個市鎮變得充滿生氣。
The__town__came__to__life after sunrise.
⑤提到做生意，各國都有其獨特之處。
Each nation has its own peculiarities when__it__comes__to__doing__business．
⑥這個地方的人很友好——在街上走著就有人上來跟你攀談。
It's a friendly place—people__come__up__to__you__in__the__street__and__start__talking．
探究三　長難句分析
1.Besides being brilliant, he was brave, though sometimes careless in what he said or did.(教材P9) 除了才華橫溢之外，他還是一個勇敢的人，盡管有時候言行舉止比較隨意。
【分析】　句子主干為he was brave，是“主系表”結構。Besides being brilliant是介詞＋動名詞短語作狀語； though sometimes careless是讓步狀語從句的省略，補充完整為though he was sometimes careless; what he said or did是介詞in的賓語從句。 狀語從句省略的條件： 當狀語從句的主語是it或者和主句的主語一致，且從句的謂語動詞有be動詞時，從句的主語和be 動詞可以同時省略。
①When asked about his salary, he usually kept silent. (＝When he was asked ...，被動關系)
當被問到他的薪水時，他通常保持沉默。
②While walking down the street，he met his English teacher. (＝When he was walking ...，主動關系)
當他沿著街道走的時候，他遇到了他的英語老師。
③Although young, she is calm and confident on the stage.(＝Although she is young ... )
她雖然年輕，但在舞臺上卻沉著自信。
【學會運用】單句語法填空
①While visiting (visit) the city, they received a warm welcome.
②When asked (ask) why he was late, he kept silent.
【學會表達】句式升級
③If it is possible, I would like to travel to Europe next year.
→If__possible,__I would like to travel to Europe next year.
2.This odd combination of characteristics had made him one of the greatest thinkers of the 20th and 21st centuries.(教材P9) 這些性格特點的奇特組合使得他成為二十世紀與二十一世紀最偉大的思想家之一。
【分析】　made him one of the greatest thinkers是“make＋名詞/代詞(賓語)＋ 名詞(賓補)”的復合結構，意為“使某人成為……”。 make＋賓語＋賓補
make sb do的被動形式為sb be made to do。
①Nothing will make me change my mind.
什么也不能使我改變主意。
②Aron couldn't speak Polish， and I made myself understood with difficulty.
阿倫不會說波蘭語，我好不容易才使他明白我的意思。
③The movie made her into a star overnight.
這部電影使她一夜成名。
④It's the good weather that makes Spain such a popular tourist destination.
正是好天氣使西班牙成為如此受歡迎的旅游目的地。（旅游熱點）
【學會運用】單句語法填空
①He was so funny that he made us laughing （laugh） all through the meal.
②She couldn't make herself heard （hear） above the noise of the traffic.
【學會表達】翻譯
③老師的鼓勵使我對未來更有信心。
My teacher's encouragement made me more confident of my future.
④另一方面，搖滾歌手把音樂視為生命。
Rock singers， on the other hand， make music their life.
維度一　高頻詞匯
（一）寫出下列單詞和短語的英文
1.brilliant adj. 聰穎的；絕妙的；明亮的
2.besides prep. 除……之外（還）　adv. 而且；此外
3.abstract adj. 抽象的；理論上的　n. （文獻等的）摘要
4.pour vt. 倒出；傾瀉；斟（飲料）
5.vivid adj. 生動的；鮮明的；豐富的
6.above all 最重要的是；尤其是
7.in charge of 主管；掌管
8.over the course of 在……期間
9.break out （戰爭、打斗等不愉快的事情）突然開始；爆發
e down with 患（病）；染上（小病）
（二）寫出下列句子中加黑部分的漢語釋義
1.We're looking for people of all ages who have performed outstanding acts of bravery， kindness， or courage. 杰出的
2.The house is beautiful. Furthermore， it's in a great location. 此外
3.The friendly intercourse between our two countries can be traced back to last century.追溯
4.How can you defend such behaviour？ 辯解
5.He was a natural politician， a gifted orator who knew how to work a crowd.有天賦的
維度二　語境運用
（三）根據語境填入恰當的內容
1.I was disappointed whenever the cook found fault with my work.
2.He used the old trick of attacking in order to defend himself （he）.
3.The Duanwu Festival， also called the Dragon Boat Festival， is to commemorate the patriotic （patriot） poet Qu Yuan.
4.An assistant （assist） sat typing away at a table beside him.
5.They were using a mechanical （mechanic） shovel to clear up the street.
（四）用方框中單詞的正確形式替換下列句子中的加黑部分
1.The priceless treasures had been thrown into the Nile. cast
2.Global warming is a real problem. concrete
3.He moved his gaze from the child to her. shifted
4.Get as close to the subject as you can and hold the camera stable.steady
5.No payments were made last week because of a computer error.fault
維度三　能力提升
（五）長難句分析
　Last August， city officials interviewed about 500 residents to find out people's attitudes to protecting the environment and what actions they had taken.
分析：句子主干是city officials interviewed residents，是“主謂賓”結構。Last August是時間狀語；to find out是不定式短語作目的狀語，and連接people's attitudes和what引導的賓語從句，作find out的賓語。
（六）句型轉換
1.It is difficult for us to get a clear picture of space because of the dusty air.
→The dusty air makes it difficult for us to get a clear picture of space.
2.Everyone may have an opinion about what makes a good student.
→When it comes to what makes a good student， everyone may have an opinion.
維度四　素養提升
（七）根據所給漢語，完成下列句子
1.Above all （最重要的是）， you should often have doctor check your eyesight.
2.He must have come down with a bad cold （得了重感冒）， for he has got a sore throat.
3.Thick black smoke was pouring out of the roof （從屋頂滾滾冒出）. （讀后續寫之環境描寫）
（八）翻譯
1.約翰不僅喜歡英語，而且說得很好。（not only ... but also ...）
John not only likes English， but also speaks it very well.
2.我在打掃我的臥室的時候，突然聽到樓下傳來一聲尖叫。（狀語從句的省略）
While cleaning my bedroom， I heard a scream coming from downstairs suddenly.
課后課時作業（一）
較易題（占比50%）　中檔題（占比50%）　拔高題（占比0%）
題號 A B
難度 ★ ★★
　　閱讀
A
Albert Einstein was born in Germany in 1879. He was a quiet child who spent much of his time alone. He was slow to talk and had difficulty learning to read. When Albert was five years old， his father gave him a compass. The child was filled with wonder when he discovered that the compass needle always pointed in the same direction—to the north. He asked his father and his uncle what caused the needle to move.
Albert did not like school. The German schools of that time were not pleasant. Students could not ask questions. Albert said he felt as if he were in prison.
In 1905， Albert Einstein published some important papers in a German scientific magazine. They included one of the most important scientific documents in history. It explained what came to be called his “Special Theory of Relativity”. Ten years later he expanded it to a “General Theory of Relativity”.
In 1921， he won the Nobel Prize in Physics. It was given to him not for his theories of relativity， but for his discovery of the law of the photoelectric effect.
Albert Einstein left Germany in 1933. He moved to the United States to continue his research. Einstein became a citizen of the United States in 1940.
Einstein was a famous man， but you would not have known that by looking at him. His white hair was long and wild. He wore old clothes. He showed an inner joy when he was playing his violin or talking about his work. Students and friends said he had a way of explaining difficult ideas using images that were easy to understand.
Einstein spent the last twenty five years of his life working on what he called a “unified field theory”. He hoped to find a common mathematical statement that could tie together all the different parts of physics. However， he did not succeed.
Albert Einstein died in 1955 at the age of seventy－six.
篇章導讀：本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了Albert Einstein （阿爾伯特·愛因斯坦）的生平。
1.What do we know about Albert Einstein in his childhood？
A.He was very clever.
B.He was curious about new things.
C.He liked talking with people.
D.He was good at inventing new things.
答案：B
解析：推理判斷題。根據第一段中的“The child was filled with ... the needle to move.”可知，Einstein小時候發現指南針的指針總是指向北方時，他充滿了好奇，而且他還向他的父親和叔叔詢問了是什么導致指針移動。由此可推知，Einstein小時候對新事物很好奇。故選B。
2.What's the right order of the following events about Albert Einstein？
a.He became a citizen of the United States.
b.He won the Nobel Prize in Physics.
c.He put forward his “General Theory of Relativity”.
d.He left Germany for the United States.
A.d， b， c， a B.c， b， d， a
C.c， b， a， d D.d， a， c， b
答案：B
解析：細節理解題。根據第三段中的“In 1905”和“Ten years later ... to a ‘General Theory of Relativity’.”可知，1915年他提出了他的“廣義相對論”；根據第四段中的“In 1921， he won the Nobel Prize in Physics.”可知，1921年，他獲得了諾貝爾物理學獎；根據第五段“Albert Einstein left Germany ... of the United States in 1940.”可知，1933年他離開德國去了美國，1940年成為美國公民。由此可知，關于Einstein生平的正確順序是c， b， d， a。故選B。
3.What can be inferred about Albert Einstein from the passage？
A.Albert Einstein didn't like asking questions at school.
B.Albert Einstein hated school for its strict rules.
C.Albert Einstein's lessons were too difficult to understand.
D.Albert Einstein cared little about how he looked.
答案：D
解析：推理判斷題。根據第六段中的“His white hair was long and wild. He wore old clothes.（他的白發又長又亂。他穿著舊衣服。）”可推知，Einstein不太關心自己的外表。故選D。
4.What's the passage mainly about？
A.The life story of Albert Einstein.
B.The scientific discoveries of Albert Einstein.
C.Albert Einstein and his theories of relativity.
D.How Albert Einstein won great success in his life.
答案：A
解析：主旨大意題。通讀全文，尤其是根據第一段中的“Albert Einstein was ... his time alone.（阿爾伯特·愛因斯坦1879年出生于德國。他是個安靜的孩子，大部分時間都一個人待著。）”及最后一段“Albert Einstein died in 1955 at the age of seventy－six.（愛因斯坦于1955年去世，享年76歲。）”可知，文章主要講述了Albert Einstein的生平。故選A。
B
The 2023 Nobel Prize in Chemistry has been awarded to Moungi G. Bawendi of Massachusetts Institute of Technology， Louis E. Brus of Columbia University， and Alexei I. Ekimov of Nanocrystals Technology Inc. in New York for the discovery and development of quantum dots （量子點）.
The three scientists each contributed to a fundamental discovery， according to officials from the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences， which awards several of the prizes each year. The work they've done has already led to new technology in television screens and bio－imaging.
Reached by phone during a press conference early Wednesday morning， Bawendi offered a stream of reactions： “Shocked. Sleepy. Very unexpected. And very honored.”
In a rare event， the winners' names were leaked to the Swedish media before the official announcement. But Bawendi said he'd been sound asleep， so he didn't hear anything about it.
Quantum dots are particles （粒子） that are so incredibly small that their size actually starts to affect their properties. For example， blue quantum dots and red quantum dots can be made from the exact same material， with the only difference being the size of the particle itself. （The blue quantum dots are smaller than red ones.）
In fact， changing the size can alter （改變） many different properties beyond just color， which means that quantum dots could be useful for a variety of applications， including building better solar panels and perhaps even creating fuel by using sunlight.
The three scientists will share the prize money of 11 million Swedish kronor （close to$995，000） in equal parts. This is the third science－focused Nobel Prize to be awarded the week. On Tuesday， the physics prize was awarded to Anne L' Huillier， Pierre Agostini and Ferenc Krausz. And on Monday， Katalin Kariko and Drew Weissman won the prize in physiology or medicine.
Officials announced the literature prize on Thursday， followed by the peace prize on Friday. The economics prize was awarded on Monday.
篇章導讀：本文是一篇新聞報道。文章報道了2023年諾貝爾化學獎的獲得者的研究以及其他獎項的獲得情況。
5.How did Bawendi feel when receiving the call early Wednesday morning？
A.Angry. B.Surprised.
C.Bored. D.Sorry.
答案：B
解析：細節理解題。根據第三段中的“Shocked. Sleepy. Very unexpected. And very honored.”可知，在周三清晨接到電話時，Bawendi （巴文迪）感到驚訝。故選B。
6.What causes the difference in color between blue quantum dots and red ones？
A.The size of the particles.
B.The difference in materials.
C.The change in shapes.
D.The variety of applications.
答案：A
解析：細節理解題。根據第五段中的“For example ... the particle itself.（例如，藍色量子點和紅色量子點可以由完全相同的材料制成，唯一的區別是粒子本身的大小。）”可知，粒子的大小導致了藍色量子點和紅色量子點之間顏色的差異。故選A。
7.What does the underlined word “This” in Paragraph 7 refer to？
A.The 2023 Nobel Prize in physics.
B.The 2023 Nobel Prize in medicine.
C.The 2023 Nobel Prize in literature.
D.The 2023 Nobel Prize in chemistry.
答案：D
解析：指代判斷題。根據第一段內容及畫線詞前的“The three scientists ... in equal parts.”可知，2023年諾貝爾化學獎被授予三位科學家，他們將平分1，100萬瑞典克朗（接近995，000美元）的獎金。This指的是2023年諾貝爾化學獎。故選D。
8.What is the text？
A.A short story. B.A diary entry.
C.A news report. D.A research article.
答案：C
解析：推理判斷題。根據第一段內容并結合文章介紹了他們的研究以及其他獎項的獲得情況可推知，本文是一篇新聞報道。故選C。
1.expand/Ik?sp?nd/v. 擴大；擴展
2.effect/I?fekt/n. 影響；效果
3.fundamental/?f?nd ?mentl/adj. 基本的；根本的
4.shocked/??kt/adj. 震驚的；驚愕的
5.be awarded to 授予；判給
6.a variety of 各種各樣的
　讀后續寫
閱讀下面材料，根據其內容和所給段落開頭語續寫兩段，使之構成一篇完整的短文。
With the start of new school， freshmen of Hendersonville High School in Nashville were excited to meet new classmates and teachers. Among them， however， 15－year－old Sergio Peralta was feeling very nervous because his right hand had never fully formed since he was born. Going to a new school and being “different” is always scary. Sergio was particularly concerned with what his classmates would think of him.
Sergio's parents had trained him to use his left hand from an early age. As he grew up， he was used to not using his right hand. He could write with his left one and do some things with special tricks or techniques. Despite this， in the first days of new school， Sergio always felt like hiding his underdeveloped right hand in his sleeve as if nobody would ever find out if he did so.
It didn't take long for someone to learn Sergio's secret. Jeff Wilkins， the teacher of Sergio's engineering class， figured out that Sergio was missing part of his hand and decided to do something for the new student. Jeff had been leading a robotics project in the school and expert in 3D printing technology. Besides， he hoped to take advantage of this hands－on chance to help his robotics students learn more about engineering and how building a robotic hand worked.
So in his class， Jeff announced with great enthusiasm， “You're supposed to be engineering， coming up with new ideas and solving issues. Now Sergio needs a new hand， so we'll work together to build Sergio a robotic hand.” His words fueled everyone's curiosity and creativity.
For the next four weeks， Jeff and his class including Sergio worked on the project. After some precise measurements and researches， the class put forward a design draft. Jeff made a few adjustments and gave them some practical suggestions. With access to online models and a 3D printer， they eventually created a robotic hand， which was intended to look good and work well， like catching something.
注意：
1.續寫詞數應為150個左右；
2.請按如下格式在相應位置作答。
Then came the final testing day.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 The life－changing gift for Sergio drew huge attention.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
5R解讀故事
1.Read for characters （人物）
Sergio Peralta， Sergio's parents， Jeff Wilkins， classmates
2.Read for conflict/problems （沖突/問題）
Sergio's right hand had never fully formed since he was born and he was particularly concerned with what his classmates would think of him.
3.Read for plot （情節）
4.Read for emotional changes （情感變化）
At first， Sergio Peralta felt nervous and concerned due to his different right hand among other students； then he actively joined in the project which showed his enthusiasm.
5.Read for theme （主題）
Good deeds warm the heart.
4步確定框架
Step 1：先寫最后一句（主題句）
Soon voluntary donations poured in， which would go to the school's scientific research and help students develop better.
Step 2：再寫銜接句（第一段的最后一句）
Never in his life did he expect to catch something with his right hand！
Step 3：根據所給段首語句寫角色的情感
第一段：
Everyone is anxious about whether the robotic hand can work well on Sergio's body. Sergio is emotional for his new right hand.
第二段：
Jeff and his students are happy and they consider helping Sergio is worthy.
Step 4：補全續寫每段的中間內容
第一段：
The whole class gathered in the science classroom， watching breathlessly as Jeff carefully loaded their self－made robotic hand onto Sergio's right arm. Successfully he caught hold of the baseball on the desk and everyone present broke into cheers！
第二段：
Jeff said， “Meanwhile， I hope to foster students' scientific spirit through this hands－on operation.” His students stated that Jeff challenged them to transform abstract concepts into reality， from which they benefited greatly.
寫前導讀：本文是一篇記敘文。Sergio Peralta （塞爾吉奧·佩拉爾塔）由于先天性的手部殘疾而對高中第一天開學感到非常緊張。他的老師Jeff Wilkins （杰夫·威爾金斯）關注到了Sergio的情況，決定利用3D技術給他打造一只“新手”。在全班同學的共同努力下，“新手”的測試結果怎么樣？這給Sergio的生活帶來了怎樣的改變？
[精彩范文]
Then came the final testing day. The whole class gathered in the science classroom， watching breathlessly as Jeff carefully loaded their self made robotic hand onto Sergio's right arm. It fitted quite well！ So excited was Sergio that his arm trembled slightly. Having put a baseball on the desk， Jeff signed to Sergio to pick it up. Slowly， Sergio extended his right hand and reached for the ball. Successfully he caught hold of it and everyone present broke into cheers！ Holding the ball， Sergio couldn't contain his tears. Never in his life did he expect to catch something with his right hand！
The life－changing gift for Sergio drew huge attention. Jeff and his students became an instant hit and various media competed to cover the news. When interviewed about the intention of the project， Jeff said， “I intended Sergio's robotic hand to show our support for him. Meanwhile， I hope to foster students' scientific spirit through this hands－on operation.” His students stated that Jeff challenged them to transform abstract concepts into reality， from which they benefited greatly. Soon voluntary donations poured in， which would go to the school's scientific research and help students develop better.
情節邏輯（范文和自己想的有何不同）
語言表達（原文和范文中有哪些表達更地道更準確） 1. 2. 3.
課后課時作業（二）
較易題（占比30%）　中檔題（占比70%）　拔高題（占比0%）
題號 Ⅰ Ⅱ Ⅲ
難度 ★ ★★ ★★
Ⅰ　閱讀
Edwin Hubble made his most important discoveries in the 1920s. Today， other astronomers continue the work he began. Many of them are using the Hubble Space Telescope that is named after him.
Edwin Powell Hubble was born in 1889 in Marshfield， Missouri. He spent his early years in the state of Kentucky. Then he moved with his family to Chicago， in Louisville. He attended the University of Chicago. He studied mathematics and astronomy. Hubble was a good student. He was a good athlete， too. He was a member of the University of Chicago championship basketball team in 1909. He also was an excellent boxer. Several people urged him to train for the world heavyweight boxing championship after college. Instead， he decided to continue his studies. He went to Queen's College at Oxford， England.
At Oxford， Hubble studied law. He was interested in British Common Law， because his family had come to America from England many years before. He spent three years at Oxford. In 1913， Hubble returned to the United States. He opened a law office in Louisville， Kentucky. After a short time， however， he decided he did not want to be a lawyer. He returned to the University of Chicago. There， once again， he studied astronomy. Edwin Hubble was the first person to use the Hale Telescope. He died in 1953 while preparing to spend four nights looking through the telescope at the sky.
Hubble's work led to new researches on the birth of the universe. One astronomer said scientists have been filling in the details ever since. And， he said， there is a long way to go.
篇章導讀：本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了科學家Edwin Hubble （埃德溫·哈勃）的成長和學習經歷，直到最后從事天文學研究的過程。
1.According to this passage， what was Edwin Hubble most interested in？
A.Sports. B.Law.
C.Astronomy. D.Mathematics.
答案：C
解析：推理判斷題。根據第二段中的“He studied mathematics and astronomy. （他學習數學和天文學。）”和第三段中的“There， once again， he studied astronomy.（在那里，他再次學習了天文學。）”可推知，他對天文學最感興趣。故選C。
2.Why did Edwin Hubble return to the University of Chicago？
A.Because he was interested in British Common Law.
B.Because he was eager to be a famous judge in future.
C.Because his parents had been to Britain a few years before.
D.Because he wanted to go on with the study of astronomy.
答案：D
解析：細節理解題。根據第三段中的“He returned to ... he studied astronomy.”可知，他回到芝加哥大學的目的是繼續學習天文學。故選D。
3.Which of the following is the RIGHT order according to this passage？
a.He joined the University of Chicago championship basketball team.
b.He studied astronomy at the University of Chicago once again.
c.He moved to Louisville with his family.
d.He used the Hale Telescope to look at the sky.
e.He became a lawyer in Louisville for a short period of time.
A.c， a， b， d， e B.a， c， b， e， d
C.c， a， e， b， d D.a， b， d， e， c
答案：C
解析：細節理解題。根據第二段中的“Then he moved with his family to Chicago， in Louisville.”和“He was a member of ... in 1909.”，第三段中的“He opened a law office in Louisville， Kentucky.”，“He returned to ... he studied astronomy.”和“Edwin Hubble was the first person to use the Hale Telescope.”可知，Hubble先是隨家人搬到路易斯維爾的芝加哥，然后在芝加哥大學加入了籃球隊，之后他做了一段時間的律師，然后又重返芝加哥大學學習天文學，最后他成為第一個使用海爾望遠鏡的人。故選C。
4.What can we know from this passage？
A.The Hubble Space Telescope was made by Hubble himself.
B.Edwin Powell Hubble went to Oxford， England in 1910.
C.Edwin Powell Hubble grew up in Marshfield， Missouri.
D.Hubble died while he was looking at the sky.
答案：B
解析：細節理解題。根據第三段中的“He spent three years ... the United States. （他在牛津待了三年。1913年，哈勃回到了美國。）”可知，他于1910年去了英國牛津。故選B。
Ⅱ　七選五
The age range between about 13 and 19 is an important time in an individual's life. 　1　 While you are a teenager， many exciting opportunities for success are given to you. Taking on the right amount of responsibility and independence can push you towards becoming a successful teenager.
First， participate in extra－curricular activities. Schools give students opportunities for staying active. Pick an activity that appeals to you such as athletics， academic clubs， or special－interest clubs. Extra－curricular activities build character through team work， time－management， and competition. Don't be too worried if you aren't very good at what you like， for the important thing is passion. 　2　
Besides， volunteer. 　3　 Meanwhile， volunteering can teach you job－related skills such as responsibility or time－management. Some schools also reward the learning aspect of volunteer work with credit hours. If you are interested in college， volunteering makes you much more appealing during the application process.
Third， use your summer for academic programs. Getting a head start at college could mean sacrificing your summer vacation. Various universities offer programs for future college students based on interests such as journalism， photography， art， sports， etc. 　4　 Research different programs and then figure out which one is the best choice for you. Check the requirements and deadlines. Avoid getting into trouble because of a simple mistake， and you will have a great time.
Finally， know when to ask for help and advice. Being responsible and independent does not mean being alone. 　5　 So， seek advice from parents， older siblings， advisors at work， teachers， or someone whom you trust. Opening up channels of communication at a young age is a great habit for success.
A.Make sure your maturity level and interests are leveled.
B.Making and meeting goals can motivate you to progress.
C.Huge steps are taken within that period.
D.They give teenagers the chance to earn college credits.
E.Offering help is a symbol of kindness.
F.It will drive you to put in your best effort.
G.Taking on new tasks and meeting goals will be hard work.
篇章導讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章就如何成為一名成功的青少年提出了四條建議。
1.答案：C
解析：根據上文“The age range ... in an individual's life.”以及下文“While you are a ... success are given to you.”可知，此處應該講述青少年時期，對人生影響巨大。C項（在這段時間內，青少年會邁出巨大的步伐。）符合語境。故選C。
2.答案：F
解析：根據上文“Don't be too worried ... important thing is passion.”可知，此處在講述激情的重要性。F項中的It指代上文中的passion，且F項（它會驅使你全力以赴。）承接上文。故選F。
3.答案：E
解析：根據上文“Besides， volunteer.（此外，去做志愿者。）”可知，該段主要講述的是志愿幫助。E項（提供幫助是善良的象征。）符合語境。故選E。
4.答案：D
解析：根據上文“Various universities offer ... art， sports， etc.”可知，大學為學生提供了各種預備課程，這些課程能夠幫助學生。D項（它們給青少年獲得大學學分的機會。）中的They指代上文中的各項課程，符合語境。故選D。
5.答案：G
解析：根據下文“So， seek advice from parents ... or someone whom you trust.”可知，青少年在遇到困難時，可以向他人求助。G項（接受新任務和實現目標將是艱苦的工作。）引出下文，且與下文構成因果關系。故選G。
Ⅲ　應用文寫作
假定你是李華，你的英國筆友Jack發郵件稱其想要了解中國的科學家，請你給他回一封郵件，向他介紹科學家屠呦呦，內容包括：
1.簡要介紹屠呦呦；
2.她對你的影響。
注意：1.寫作詞數應為80個左右；
2.可以適當增加細節，以使行文連貫。
參考詞匯：青蒿素 artemisinin； 瘧疾 malaria
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
[精彩范文]
Dear Jack，
I'm glad to know that you are interested in Chinese great scientists. I'll introduce to you my favourite scientist， Tu Youyou.
Tu Youyou devoted most of her time to finding the cure for malaria. In 2015， she was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for discovering artemisinin， which is the key to the treatment of malaria. Behind her success were numerous failures and setbacks， but never did she give up. Inspired by her story， I decided to study harder so as to realise my dream.
I hope her story can also have a positive effect on you.
Yours，
Li Hua
　單元寫作
單元寫作——介紹一位科學家
本單元的話題是科學和科學家，通過本單元的學習，學會寫一篇介紹科學家的文章。此類文章屬于人物介紹，是記敘文的寫作范疇。寫作時要圍繞人物選取材料，因此選材要有代表性，要選擇人物的突出成就或能夠彰顯人物性格特點的事跡進行介紹，做到主題鮮明、內容清晰、簡明扼要、重點突出。另外還要注意所選材料的客觀性與真實性，不要言過其實。
1.人物介紹一般包括以下幾點：
（1）出生年月和出生地點；
（2）主要經歷、事跡和成就；
（3）影響和評價。
2.敘述方法：一般按照時間順序，從科學家的人生經歷到創造性的貢獻等作出介紹，最后是結論性的評價。
3.人稱和時態：通常使用第三人稱。如果敘述的是發生在過去的事情，常用一般過去時；若敘述當前的情況，常用一般現在時；對未來的展望則常用一般將來時。
　　Of so many famous scientists all over the world， I admire 　　　　 （名字） most. Born on 　　　　 （時間） in 　　　　 （地點）， he/she was from 　　　　 （家庭）. Having graduated from 　　　　 （學校）， he/she was sent to work as 　　　　 （職業）. He/She began his/her research in 　　　　 （領域）. He/She is honored as 　　　　 （成就）. Famous as he/she is， he/she cares little 　　　　 （品格及評價）. 　　His/Her great contribution to human beings and his/her noble personality impressed me deeply.
※開頭常用句式
1.Born in 1920， she was one of the greatest scientists in the 20th century.
她出生于1920年，是20世紀最偉大的科學家之一。
2.Professor Green， known to the world as a scientist， is not only diligent but also warm hearted.
格林教授是一位聞名世界的科學家，他不僅勤勉，而且熱心。
3.He is a well－known scientist whose theories have changed the world.
他是一位著名的科學家，他的理論改變了世界。
※主體段落常用句式
1.Behind her success were numerous failures and setbacks， but never did she give up.
她成功的背后是無數的失敗和挫折，但她從未放棄。
2.He devoted his whole life to his country and people， and even to the world.
他把他的一生獻給了他的國家和人民，甚至獻給了世界。
3.As a top scientist in the world， he/she lived a very simple life， but his/her contributions were invaluable to the field of science.
作為世界頂尖的科學家，他/她過著非常簡樸的生活，但他/她對科學領域的貢獻是非常寶貴的。
4.He/She was an admirable man/woman who displayed the characteristics of wisdom， strength and courage.
他/她是一位令人欽佩的男士/女士，展現出了智慧、力量和勇氣。
5.He actively promoted the spread of scientific ideas about matters such as morality， who is the person with willingness to serve the country.
他積極地推動諸如道德之類的科學觀念的傳播，是一個愿意為國家服務的人。
6.She dedicates her time， knowledge and wisdom to her students and to future scientists from all over the world who come to study with her.
她為她的學生以及世界各國來向她求學的未來科學家們奉獻出自己的時間、知識和智慧。
※結尾常用句式
1.Inspired by her story， I decided to study harder so as to realise my dream.
受到她的故事的鼓舞，我決定更加努力學習，以實現我的夢想。
2.This is an age not only of great science； it is an age of great scientists.
這不僅是一個偉大的科學時代；也是一個偉大的科學家時代。
3.She has fulfilled her role in her career and set a shining example to the younger generations.
她在事業上履行了自己的職責，并為年輕一代樹立了光輝的榜樣。
假定你是李華，你的澳大利亞筆友Jenny來信，讓你介紹一位你最崇拜的中國科學家，請你根據下列表格中的內容提示給她寫一封回信。
姓名 梁建英 出生年份 1972年
職務 中國高鐵總設計師
主要經歷 1.1995年大學畢業后開始從事高鐵研究工作； 2.研制出時速300～350公里高速動車組； 3.2015年獲獎。
　　注意：1.寫作詞數應為80個左右；
2.可以適當增加細節，以使行文連貫。
參考詞匯：高速動車組high－speed EMU
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
[精彩范文]
Dear Jenny，
The Chinese scientist I admire most is Liang Jianying， general designer of the China high－speed EMU.
Liang Jianying was born in 1972. Since she graduated from university in 1995， she has been devoting all her time to researching into the development of the China high－speed railway. Afterwards， she invented the 300－350 km/h high－speed EMU， making it more convenient for us to get around quickly. It is because of her outstanding contributions to our country that China is playing a leading role in high－speed railways all over the world. As a consequence， she was awarded in 2015.
Liang Jianying has set a good example for us. From her， I realize that we should keep on trying until we realise our dreams.
Yours，
Li Hua
1(共145張PPT)
WELCOME UNIT
UNIT 1 SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTS
單元主題：人與自我/人與社會——
科學與科學精神
Section Ⅲ Using Language & Assessing Your Progress
——Listening and Speaking——
一、聽力微技能1——聽前預測
預測是在做聽力之前根據題目和所給答案選項等已有信息，對即將聽到的對話或段落內容進行預測，以此判斷出聽力材料所涉及的方向，做到心中有數。
(1)從答案選項中預測：
Q：What does Tom do
A．He's a truck driver.
B．He's a ship captain.
C．He's a pilot.
錄音：
W：Tom flew to Anchorage last night, then took some passengers from there to Dallas.
M：Yeah, but he couldn't land because the airport in Dallas was snowed in.
從選項看，問題是關于職業方面的，再從flew, passengers, airport這些信息詞中可以確定Tom的職業是pilot。
(2)從說話人的口氣預測：
在A，B兩人的對話中，如果B是附和或贊成，往往說“Yes”，“I agree”，“Sure”，“I think so”等。但如果A用否定句，B表示同意時則用“No”，“Neither/Nor”等。
例如：
A：Harvey doesn't seem to fit into this class.
B：No, he is really a fish out of water.
二、話題口語表達(開放型)
通過以下兩個問題，和你的小伙伴互相提問，了解著名物理學家——史蒂芬·霍金。
1．What about Hawking's image in people's mind
2．What makes Hawking a famous figure in the world
3．What effect does Hawking's story have on your life
WELCOME UNIT
——Reading for Writing——
預習檢測 單詞打卡
自主學習 課文語篇
目錄
CONTENTS
1
2
合作探究 課時重點
3
對點練習 鞏固所學
4
課后課時作業（一）
5
課后課時作業（二）
6
預習檢測 單詞打卡
一、閱讀單詞：寫出漢語含義
1．shadow n. ____________________
2．rainbow n. _____
3．plasma n. _____
4．aerospace n. ______________
5．aviation n. _______________________
6．jet n. ____________
7．missile n. _____
8．leadership n. _________________________
9．concept n. ____________
陰影；影子；背光處
彩虹
血漿
航空航天工業
航空制造業；航空；飛行
噴氣式飛機
導彈
領導；領導地位；領導才能
概念；觀念
二、高頻單詞：寫出英文單詞
1．____ vt. 投射；向……投以(視線、笑容等)；投擲
2．_____ vt. 倒出；傾瀉；斟(飲料)
3．________ n. 混凝土　adj. 混凝土制的；確實的；具體的
4．______ vt. 保衛；防守；辯解
5．__________ adj. 優秀的；杰出的；明顯的
6．______ adj. 有天賦的；有天才的；天資聰慧的
7．_______ adj. 抽象的；理論上的　n. (文獻等的)摘要
cast
pour
concrete
defend
outstanding
gifted
abstract
8．______ prep. 除……之外(還)　adv. 而且；此外
9．___________ adv. 此外；再者
10．_____ n. 弱點；過錯
11．_____ n. 改變；轉換；輪班　vi.& vt. 轉移；挪動；轉向
besides
furthermore
fault
shift
三、拓展單詞：寫出下列單詞的詞性轉換(可查字典)
1．patriotic adj. 愛國的→_______ n. 愛國者
2．mechanic n. 機械師；機械修理工→__________ adj. 機械的；發動機的；機器的
3．assistant n. 助理；助手→______ v. 幫助，協助→__________ n. 幫助，援助
4．steady adj. 穩定的；平穩的；穩步的→________ adv. 逐漸地，穩步地
5．astronomy n. 天文學→__________ n. 天文學家
6．brilliant adj. 聰穎的；絕妙的；明亮的→_________ adv. 燦爛地；輝煌地；光亮地
7．vivid adj. 生動的；鮮明的；豐富的→______ adv. 生動地；逼真地；鮮明地
patriot
mechanical
assist
assistance
steadily
astronomer
brilliantly
vividly
四、熟詞生義：寫出熟義
trace [熟義] v. __________________
[生義] n. 痕跡；遺跡；蹤跡　v. 繪出；勾畫出(輪廓)
五、核心短語：寫出英語表達
1．_________ (戰爭、打斗等不愉快的事情)突然開始；爆發
2．___________ 主管；掌管
3．_______________ 患(病)；染上(小病)
4．_________ 最重要的是；尤其是
追溯；追蹤；蹤跡
break out
in charge of
come down with
above all
自主學習　課文語篇
Perhaps no other scientist
has had a greater impact on
China's aerospace science1 than
Qian Xuesen. Described by2 the
authors of the Story of Qian Xuesen as a man3 with “great scientific thought and scientific spirit” who was patriotic and served his homeland with effort, achievement, and devotion, Qian was an extremely well－respected man.
課文三維剖析
1 impact的__________
2　過去分詞短語作_____
3　其后帶了兩個________
__，一個是介詞短語__________________；另一個是定語從句_________
___________
后置定語
THE FATHER OF CHINA'S AEROSPACE
中國航天之父
狀語
后置定
語
with “great ... spirit”
　　　　　　　 who as ... and devotion
也許再沒有哪一位科學家比錢學森對中國航天科學的影響更大了。錢學森備受人們的尊敬，《錢學森的故事》一書的作者稱他為一位具有“偉大科學思想和科學精神”的人，并且他熱愛祖國、甘于奉獻、成就斐然。
4　過去分詞短語作狀語
5　_____狀語
6　引導_________從句
7　decision的_________
8　引導_________從句
9　_____從句；need sb/sth to do sth, to do sth作_____，句中_______________________是賓語，_______________________
_______是賓補
Born in Shanghai in 19114 , Qian attended schools in Beijing and then entered Shanghai Jiao Tong University to study Railway Mechanical Engineering5. However, after6 the Songhu Battle broke out in 1932, Qian made the decision to switch his major to aviation7 because8 he realised that China needed its own powerful air force to protect and defend the country9.
目的
時間狀語
后置定語
原因狀語
賓語
賓補
its own powerful air force
to protect and defend the country
錢學森1911年生于上海，在北京上學，后來考入上海交通大學，學習鐵道機械工程。不過，1932年淞滬會戰爆發后，錢學森意識到中國需要建設強大的空軍來保衛國家，因此決定改學航空專業。
10　目的狀語
11　_____狀語
12　pioneer的_________
13　_____狀語
14　_____狀語
15　_____狀語
16　and連接兩個_________
17　the Jet Propulsion Laboratory的________
Qian went to the United States in 1935 to pursue his graduate studies10. Over the course of the 1930s and 1940s11 , Qian became a pioneer in American jet and rocket technology12. As a graduate assistant13 at the California Institute of Technology14during the 1930s15, Qian helped conduct important research into rocket propulsion, and16 in the 1940s, he and several other people founded the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, now one of NASA's leading space－exploration centres17.
時間
后置定語
方式
地點
時間
并列分句
同位語
1935年，錢學森前往美國讀研究生。二十世紀三四十年代，錢學森成為美國噴氣式飛機和火箭技術的先驅人物。二十世紀三十年代擔任加州理工學院的研究生助理時，錢學森協助開展火箭推進方面的重要研究工作。二十世紀四十年代，錢學森與其他幾人成立了噴氣推進實驗室，該實驗室現已成為美國宇航局領先的太空探索中心之一。
18　介詞后跟____________作時間狀語
19　and 連接兩個并列謂語動詞________和________
20　not only ... but also ... 連接介詞of的兩個賓語
After overcoming some difficulties during his final few years in the US18 , Qian returned to China in 1955. He received a hero's welcome from his homeland and19 was put in charge of not only developing China's rocket science but also20 its space and missile programme. At that time, China was poor and its rocket science was undeveloped. No institute or university in China offered rocket science as a major, and there were no talents or experts in this field in China. Nevertheless,
動名詞短語
received
was put
21　引導時間狀語從句
22　______從句
Qian did not let that discourage him from taking on the challenge. When21he was asked “Can we Chinese possibly make missiles？”， his reply was a determined “Why not We Chinese are able to make the same things that other people make22.”
定語
留學美國的最后幾年，錢學森克服困難，于1955年回到中國。他受到了祖國英雄般的歡迎，受命發展中國的火箭科學以及航天和導彈項目。那時候，中國還很貧窮，火箭科學尚不發達。中國沒有一所學院或大學開設火箭科學專業，而且沒有該領域的人才或專家。然而，錢學森并不氣餒，而是接受挑戰。有人問他：“我們中國人有可能制造出導彈嗎？”他的回答十分堅定：“有什么不能的，外國人能造出來的，我們中國人同樣能造得出來。”
23　_____狀語
24　過去分詞短語作______
25　its first man－made satellite的_______
26　引導_________從句
27　technology 的后置定語
Under Qian's leadership23 , China developed the Dongfeng missiles, followed by the first generation of Long March rockets24. In 1970, China successfully launched its first man－made satellite, Dong Fang Hong Ⅰ25 , from a Long March rocket. Because26 much of the technology behind the Shenzhou spacecrafts27 can also be traced back to Qian's research, Qian earned the name of “the father of China's aerospace”．
方式
狀語
同位語
原因狀語
在錢學森的領導下，中國研制出了“東風”導彈，緊接著又研制出第一代“長征”系列火箭。1970年，中國使用“長征”火箭成功發射本國第一顆人造衛星“東方紅一號”。由于“神舟”系列火箭的大部分技術也可追根溯源到錢學森的研究，因此錢學森被譽為“中國航天之父”。
28　_____從句
29　other things的_______
Qian read a lot and was extremely knowledgeable, especially in the area of frontier science research. However, what might have made him such an outstanding and creative scientist28 was probably his strong interest in other things, such as music and drawing29. His deep appreciation for art often gave him inspiration in his scientific research.
主語
同位語
錢學森博覽群書，尤其在前沿科學研究領域知識極其淵博。然而，他之所以能成為一名如此杰出、富有創造力的科學家，可能是因為他對音樂、繪畫等其他事物的濃厚興趣。他深厚的藝術鑒賞力時常給科研工作帶來靈感。
30　連接兩個__________
On 31 October 2009, the whole country was saddened by Qian's death, and30 people honoured and remembered him in different ways.
2009年10月31日，錢學森逝世，舉國哀痛，人們以各種方式紀念他、緬懷他。
并列分句
31　__________從句
32　______從句，修飾disease
Stephen Hawking was one
of the most famous and gifted
scientists in physics. Most people
are familiar with images of him
in his wheelchair, unable to move and using a computer to talk. Since he came down with a disease31which caused him to lose the use of most of his muscles32 , his world became one of abstract thought.
原因狀語
A WORLD OF PURE THOUGHT
一個純思維的世界
定語
史蒂芬·霍金是物理學界最負盛名、最具天賦的科學家之一。大多數人都很熟悉他坐在輪椅上無法動彈、只能通過電腦來說話的樣子。他因患病致使其大部分肌肉萎縮無力，他的世界變成了一個抽象思維的世界。
33　引導__________從句
34　狀語
35　theories的_________
36　_____________從句，解釋說明the steady state theory
37　非限制性定語從句，解釋說明the big bang theory
38　Fred Hoyle的_______
Hawking first achieved fame when33 he was still healthy enough to walk, as a graduate student in physics at Cambridge University in 196434. In general, there were two main theories on the origin of the universe35. The first was the steady state theory, which holds that the universe has no beginning or end36. The other was the big bang theory, which holds that the universe began at a single point in time and space37. The biggest champion of the steady state concept was Fred Hoyle, a professor at Cambridge38.
時間狀語
后置定語
非限制性定語
同位語
39　______狀語
40　引導_____從句
41　引導賓語從句
42　work的__________
During the question and answer period after one of Hoyle's lectures39, Hawking stood up and pointed out that40 Hoyle had made a mistake in his maths. Once the maths was corrected, it showed that41 the big bang theory—and not the steady state theory—was true. Hawking's own work on the big bang theory42 was soon proven by astronomers with telescopes. A star was born.
時間
賓語
后置定語
霍金最早成名于1964年，當時他身體健康，行動自如，是劍橋大學物理學研究生。總的來說，宇宙起源有兩大理論：第一個是穩恒態理論，認為宇宙無始無終；另一個是大爆炸理論，認為宇宙始于時空中的一個點。穩恒態概念的最大擁護者是劍橋大學的弗雷德·霍伊爾教授。在霍伊爾的一次講座中，霍金在問答環節站了起來，指出霍伊爾教授計算有誤。錯誤糾正之后顯示大爆炸理論而非穩恒態理論是正確的。不久，天文學家用望遠鏡觀察宇宙，驗證了霍金對大爆炸理論的研究。一位明星就此誕生。
43　“make＋賓語＋賓補”結構，Stephen Hawking是____，a genius是名詞作_____
44　讓步狀語從句的省略，從句補充完整為_______________
_________________
45　介詞in的______從句
46　賓語從句
47　介詞of的賓語從句
48 him的______
So, what made Stephen Hawking a genius43？ Besides being brilliant, he was brave, though sometimes careless44 in what he said or did45. He was willing to say what others were afraid to say46, and to dream of what others were afraid to dream about47. Furthermore, he was quite determined. This had helped him as a scientist, and had helped him even more in his fight against his disease. Above all, Hawking was willing to admit his faults. This odd combination of characteristics had made him one of the greatest thinkers of the 20th and 21st centuries48.
賓語
賓補
though he was sometimes careless
賓語
賓補
那么，是什么使史蒂芬·霍金成為一名天才呢？除了才華橫溢之外，他還是一個勇敢的人，盡管有時候言行舉止比較隨意。他敢說別人不敢說的話，做別人不敢做的夢。此外，他意志堅定。無論是作為一位科學家，還是與病魔作斗爭，這種品質對他都大有幫助。最重要的是，霍金敢于承認錯誤。這些性格特點的奇特組合使得他成為二十世紀與二十一世紀最偉大的思想家之一。
(一)填空并連線
第一篇：
閱讀領悟
pursue
Shanghai
Beijing
aviation
returned
founded
leadership
first
assistant
rocket
died
第二篇：
Characteristics
fame
(二)高頻語法現象
1．狀語從句的省略
竣工后，該建筑將提供約130間公寓和一個地下停車場。
_____________, the building will contain about 130 apartments and an underground car park.
2．名詞作賓補
長期的努力和個性使他成為一個領導者。
The long－term hard work and personality _________________．
3．which引導非限制性定語從句
他發動了汽車，汽車平穩地發出嗡嗡聲。
He started the car, _____________________．
When finished
made him a leader
which hummed smoothly
4．介詞后接賓語從句
我不明白他在說些什么。
I couldn't make head nor tail of _________________.
5．名詞后跟兩個定語
那個開著黑色汽車的年輕人現在是一名體育明星，他的父親是我們的老師。
The young man __________________________________ is now a sports star.
what he was saying
in a black car whose father is our teacher
(三)問題鏈
1．What made Qian Xuesen an outstanding and creative scientist according to the text
________________________________________
2．What did Qian and Hawking have in common according to the two passages
______________________________________________________
He was greatly interested in music and drawing.
They were both excellent scientists and made great contributions.
合作探究 課時重點
探究一　熱詞
1.pour vt. 倒出；傾瀉；斟(飲料)(教材P7)
pour out 涌出；倒出
pour in 涌入
pour into 朝……里面倒；涌入
pour out one's heart to sb 向某人敞開心扉；傾訴衷腸
①I poured out my thoughts on paper in an attempt to rationalize my feelings.
我將自己的想法倒出，寫在紙上以求理順情緒。
②Letters of complaint continue to pour in.
投訴信紛至沓來。
③A large number of tourists pour into the scenic spot, making it very crowded.
大量的游客涌入景區，使得景區十分擁擠。
【學會運用】單句語法填空
①She poured ____ her troubles to me over a cup of coffee.
②News, facts and opinions pour ___ from every corner of the world.
【學會表達】翻譯
③I used to pour time and energy into projects that were doomed from the start.
_______________________________________________________________
④朋友是那些我們在悲傷之時可以敞開心扉之人。(讀后續寫之友誼)
__________________________________________________________
out
in
過去我總是將時間和精力投入到一些從一開始就注定要失敗的項目上。
Friends are those whom we can pour out our heart to when we're sad.
2.defend vt. 保衛；防守；辯解(教材P7)
defence n. 防御；保衛；辯護
defend oneself 為自己辯護；自衛
defend sb/sth/oneself from/against ... 保護某人/某物/自己免受……傷害
①Smith has announced that she will defend herself in the case.
史密斯已宣布她將在此案中為自己辯護。
②While entering a strange yard in that village, you have to defend yourself against the guard dog.
當你進入那個村子里一個陌生的院子時，你必須保護自己不受看門狗的傷害。
【學會運用】單句語法填空
①All our officers are trained to defend themselves ____________ knife attacks.
②If cornered, the snake will defend ______ (it).
③Nobody spoke out in his ________ (defend)．
【學會表達】翻譯
④她做好了隨時保衛家人和國家的準備。
_______________________________________________________________
from/against
itself
defence
She has always been ready to defend not only the family but also the country.
3.gifted adj. 有天賦的；有天才的；天資聰慧的(教材P8)
gift n. 禮物；天賦；才能　v. 贈送；(無意中)讓(對手)獲得
be gifted in (doing) ... 在(做)……方面有天賦
be gifted with ... 天生具備……
①Some of these gifted people may have done poorly in school because their gifts were not scholastic.
有些有天賦的人可能在學校表現不佳，因為他們的天賦不是學術方面的。
②He was gifted with a charming smile.
他有一副迷人的微笑。
【學會運用】單句語法填空
①She was an accomplished pianist, a superb swimmer, and a _______ (gift) artist.
②Brain is gifted ___ composing; he is very likely to be a Beethoven.
【學會表達】翻譯
③學校常常不能滿足資優學生的需求。
_____________________________________________
gifted
in
Schools often fail to meet the needs of gifted children.
①Why should I say sorry when it's not my fault
不是我的錯為什么要我道歉？
②She did not wish to convey that they were all at fault.
她不愿表明他們都有錯。
③There was not a single thing about her that one could find fault with.
在她身上找不出一點讓別人挑剔的地方。
4.fault n. 弱點；過錯(教材P9)
be one's fault 是某人的過錯
be at fault 有過錯；有責任
find fault with 挑剔，挑……的毛病
【學會運用】單句語法填空
①It’s not ___ (he) fault that he's so arrogant—he was born that way.
②He could never accept that he had been ___ fault.
【學會表達】完成句子
③但事實上，并不是你記憶力的問題。
But, in fact, it's not your memory that _________．
④他最喜歡做的事就是找我的茬。
What he likes to do best is __________________．
his
at
is at fault
to find fault with me
1．mechanic n. 機械師；機械修理工→mechanical adj. 機械的；發動機的；機器的
We need a mechanic to do the fix job for this is the oldest working mechanical clock in the world.
我們需要一個機械師來修理，因為這是世界上最古老的仍在運轉的機械鐘。
2．assistant n. 助理；助手→assist v. 幫助，協助→assistance n. 幫助，援助
Since 1976 he has been operating the shop with the assistance of volunteers while his wife as the assistant to assist him to do ordinary work.
自1976年以來，他一直在志愿者的幫助下經營這家店，而他的妻子作為助理協助他做日常工作。(讀后續寫之人物描寫)
【學會運用】單句語法填空
①She couldn't attend the meeting so her _________ (assist) took her place.
②The breakdown was due to a ___________ (mechanic) failure.
【學會表達】翻譯
③We need a mechanical digger to level the ground.
_______________________________
④他請求我們協助他完成計劃。
_________________________________________
assistant
mechanical
我們需要一臺挖掘機來平整土地。
He asked us to assist him in carrying on his plan.
Trace
[熟義]v. 追溯；追蹤；查出
[生義]n. ___________________
v. ___________________
痕跡；遺跡；蹤跡
繪出，勾畫出(輪廓)
①We finally traced him to an address in Chicago.
我們終于追查到他在芝加哥的一個地址。
②It's exciting to discover traces of earlier civilizations.
發現以前文明的遺跡，真令人興奮。
③He traced the route on the map.
他在地圖上勾畫出了路線。
【學會運用】同義詞替換
①The classic superheroes like Spiderman or Superman trace back to many decades ago._____
【學會表達】翻譯
②One day he left, and disappeared without a trace.
_________________________________
③A tear traced a path down her cheek.(讀后續寫之情緒描寫)
________________________________
date
有一天他離開了，消失得無影無蹤。
一滴眼淚沿著她的面頰流了下來。
探究二　短語
1.break out (戰爭、打斗等不愉快的事情)突然開始；爆發(教材P7)
break其他相關短語：
break down (機器或車輛)出毛病，損壞；(討論、關系或系統)失敗，破裂，失靈；感情失控(痛哭起來)
break up (使)分裂；(被)拆分；(使)破碎；(夫妻)結束關系；(會議、聚會)解散
break into 強行進入；闖入
break off 折斷；(使)斷開；突然中止
break away (from ...) (從……)掙脫；脫開；逃脫
①When hostilities broke out he joined up.
戰爭爆發后，他參了軍。
②We are able to assist motorists whose vehicles break down or are involved in accidents within 20 minutes.
我們可在20分鐘內協助車輛出現故障或發生事故的駕駛者。
③The meeting broke up at eleven o'clock.
會議在十一點結束。
④Her house was broken into last week.
她的房子上周被人闖入了。
⑤She broke off a piece of chocolate and gave it to me.
她掰了一塊巧克力給我。(讀后續寫之動作描寫)
⑥I broke away from him and rushed out into the hall.
我掙脫了他，沖進了大廳。(讀后續寫之動作描寫)
【學會運用】單句語法填空
①She broke _____ from the pack and opened up a two－second lead.
②Lee broke ____ a small piece of orange and held it out to him.
③Since war broke ____, the phones at donation centres have been ringing off the hook.
【學會表達】完成句子
④附近沒有人可能會看見他試圖闖入那所房子。
There was no one nearby who might see him trying to __________________．
⑤因為他那時對我那般友善關心，我情不自禁哭了起來。
Because he was being so kind and concerned,____________________.
away
off
out
break into the house
I broke down and cried
2.come down with 患(病)；染上(小病)(教材P8)
come其他相關短語/表達：
come about 發生；產生
come across 偶然發現；偶然遇見
come up 走近；出現；被提及
come up with 想出，提出(計劃、想法等)
come out (書或光盤)出版，發行；露出；顯示；結果是
come to life 恢復知覺；蘇醒
when it comes to (doing) sth 當提到/涉及(做)某事時
①I think I'm coming down with flu.
我想我得了流感。
②I came across a small clearing and immediately noticed the dead yellow grasses set against the fresh snow.
我偶然發現了一塊小空地，立刻注意到枯黃的草與剛下的雪相映成趣。(讀后續寫之環境描寫)
③We've been asked to come up with some new ideas.
我們被要求提出一些新的想法。
④The truth about what happened is beginning to come out.
所發生的事情的真相開始浮出水面。
【學會運用】單句語法填空
①Never have I come ______ such a difficult problem.
②Keep your eye on these jokers; you never know what they will come up _____.
③We come down _____ illnesses more easily when under stress.
【學會表達】完成句子
④日出之后，這個市鎮變得充滿生氣。
___________________ after sunrise.
⑤提到做生意，各國都有其獨特之處。
Each nation has its own peculiarities ___________________________．
⑥這個地方的人很友好——在街上走著就有人上來跟你攀談。
It's a friendly place—___________________________________________．
across
with
The town came to life
when it comes to doing business
people come up to you in the street and start talking
with
探究三　長難句分析
1.Besides being brilliant, he was brave, though sometimes careless in what he said or did.(教材P9)
除了才華橫溢之外，他還是一個勇敢的人，盡管有時候言行舉止比較隨意。
【分析】　句子主干為he was brave，是“主系表”結構。Besides being brilliant是介詞＋動名詞短語作狀語； though sometimes careless是讓步狀語從句的省略，補充完整為though he was sometimes careless; what he said or did是介詞in的賓語從句。
狀語從句省略的條件：
當狀語從句的主語是it或者和主句的主語一致，且從句的謂語動詞有be動詞時，從句的主語和be 動詞可以同時省略。
①When asked about his salary, he usually kept silent. (＝When he was asked ...，被動關系)
當被問到他的薪水時，他通常保持沉默。
②While walking down the street，he met his English teacher. (＝When he was walking ...，主動關系)
當他沿著街道走的時候，他遇到了他的英語老師。
③Although young, she is calm and confident on the stage.(＝Although she is young ... )
她雖然年輕，但在舞臺上卻沉著自信。
【學會運用】單句語法填空
①While _______ (visit) the city, they received a warm welcome.
②When ______ (ask) why he was late, he kept silent.
【學會表達】句式升級
③If it is possible, I would like to travel to Europe next year.
→__________, I would like to travel to Europe next year.
visiting
asked
If possible
make sb do的被動形式為sb be made to do。
①Nothing will make me change my mind.
什么也不能使我改變主意。
②Aron couldn't speak Polish， and I made myself understood with difficulty.
阿倫不會說波蘭語，我好不容易才使他明白我的意思。
③The movie made her into a star overnight.
這部電影使她一夜成名。
④It's the good weather that makes Spain such a popular tourist destination.
正是好天氣使西班牙成為如此受歡迎的旅游目的地。（旅游熱點）
【學會運用】單句語法填空
①He was so funny that he made us ________（laugh） all through the meal.
②She couldn't make herself ______（hear） above the noise of the traffic.
【學會表達】翻譯
③老師的鼓勵使我對未來更有信心。
________________________________________________________
④另一方面，搖滾歌手把音樂視為生命。
______________________________________________
laughing
heard
My teacher's encouragement made me more confident of my future.
Rock singers, on the other hand, make music their life.
對點練習 鞏固所學
維度一　高頻詞匯
（一）寫出下列單詞和短語的英文
1.________ adj. 聰穎的；絕妙的；明亮的
2._______ prep. 除……之外（還）　adv. 而且；此外
3.________ adj. 抽象的；理論上的　n. （文獻等的）摘要
4._____ vt. 倒出；傾瀉；斟（飲料）
5.______ adj. 生動的；鮮明的；豐富的
6._________ 最重要的是；尤其是
brilliant
besides
abstract
pour
vivid
above all
7.___________ 主管；掌管
8.________________ 在……期間
9._________ （戰爭、打斗等不愉快的事情）突然開始；爆發
10.______________ 患（病）；染上（小病）
in charge of
over the course of
break out
come down with
（二）寫出下列句子中加黑部分的漢語釋義
1.We’re looking for people of all ages who have performed outstanding acts of bravery， kindness， or courage. ________
2.The house is beautiful. Furthermore， it's in a great location. _____
3.The friendly intercourse between our two countries can be traced back to last century.______
4.How can you defend such behaviour？______
5.He was a natural politician， a gifted orator who knew how to work a crowd.
__________
杰出的
此外
追溯
辯解
有天賦的
維度二　語境運用
（三）根據語境填入恰當的內容
1.I was disappointed whenever the cook found fault _____ my work.
2.He used the old trick of attacking in order to defend ________（he）.
3.The Duanwu Festival， also called the Dragon Boat Festival， is to commemorate the _________（patriot） poet Qu Yuan.
4.An ________（assist） sat typing away at a table beside him.
5.They were using a ___________（mechanic） shovel to clear up the street.
with
himself
patriotic
assistant
mechanical
（四）用方框中單詞的正確形式替換下列句子中的加黑部分
1.The priceless treasures had been thrown into the Nile. _____
2.Global warming is a real problem. ________
3.He moved his gaze from the child to her. _______
4.Get as close to the subject as you can and hold the camera stable._______
5.No payments were made last week because of a computer error._____
cast
concrete
shifted
steady
fault
維度三　能力提升
（五）長難句分析
　Last August， city officials interviewed about 500 residents to find out people's attitudes to protecting the environment and what actions they had taken.
分析：句子主干是_____________________________，是“主謂賓”結構。Last August是時間狀語；to find out是不定式短語作__________，and連接people's attitudes和what引導的______從句，作find out的______。
city officials interviewed residents
目的狀語
賓語
賓語
（六）句型轉換
1.It is difficult for us to get a clear picture of space because of the dusty air.
→The dusty air _________________________ a clear picture of space.
2.Everyone may have an opinion about what makes a good student.
→_____________________________________， everyone may have an opinion.
makes it difficult for us to get
When it comes to what makes a good student
維度四　素養提升
（七）根據所給漢語，完成下列句子
1._________ （最重要的是）， you should often have doctor check your eyesight.
2.He must have ________________________（得了重感冒）， for he has got a sore throat.
3.Thick black smoke was ____________________（從屋頂滾滾冒出）. （讀后續寫之環境描寫）
Above all
come down with a bad cold
pouring out of the roof
（八）翻譯
1.約翰不僅喜歡英語，而且說得很好。（not only ... but also ...）
________________________________________________
2.我在打掃我的臥室的時候，突然聽到樓下傳來一聲尖叫。（狀語從句的
省略）
____________________________________________________________________
John not only likes English， but also speaks it very well.
While cleaning my bedroom， I heard a scream coming from downstairs suddenly.
課后課時作業（一）
較易題（占比50%）　中檔題（占比50%）　拔高題（占比0%）
題號 A B
難度 ★ ★★
閱讀
A
Albert Einstein was born in Germany in 1879. He was a quiet child who spent much of his time alone. He was slow to talk and had difficulty learning to read. When Albert was five years old， his father gave him a compass. The child was filled with wonder when he discovered that the compass needle always pointed in the same direction—to the north. He asked his father and his uncle what caused the needle to move.
Albert did not like school. The German schools of that time were not pleasant. Students could not ask questions. Albert said he felt as if he were in prison.
In 1905， Albert Einstein published some important papers in a German scientific magazine. They included one of the most important scientific documents in history. It explained what came to be called his “Special Theory of Relativity”. Ten years later he expanded it to a “General Theory of Relativity”.
In 1921， he won the Nobel Prize in Physics. It was given to him not for his theories of relativity， but for his discovery of the law of the photoelectric effect.
Albert Einstein left Germany in 1933. He moved to the United States to continue his research. Einstein became a citizen of the United States in 1940.
Einstein was a famous man， but you would not have known that by looking at him. His white hair was long and wild. He wore old clothes. He showed an inner joy when he was playing his violin or talking about his work. Students and friends said he had a way of explaining difficult ideas using images that were easy to understand.
篇章導讀：本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了Albert Einstein （阿爾伯特·愛因斯坦）的生平。
Einstein spent the last twenty five years of his life working on what he called a “unified field theory”. He hoped to find a common mathematical statement that could tie together all the different parts of physics. However， he did not succeed.
Albert Einstein died in 1955 at the age of seventy-six.
1.What do we know about Albert Einstein in his childhood？
A.He was very clever.
B.He was curious about new things.
C.He liked talking with people.
D.He was good at inventing new things.
解析：推理判斷題。根據第一段中的“The child was filled with ... the needle to move.”可知，Einstein小時候發現指南針的指針總是指向北方時，他充滿了好奇，而且他還向他的父親和叔叔詢問了是什么導致指針移動。由此可推知，Einstein小時候對新事物很好奇。故選B。
2.What's the right order of the following events about Albert Einstein？
a.He became a citizen of the United States.
b.He won the Nobel Prize in Physics.
c.He put forward his “General Theory of Relativity”.
d.He left Germany for the United States.
A.d， b， c， a B.c， b， d， a
C.c， b， a， d D.d， a， c， b
解析：細節理解題。根據第三段中的“In 1905”和“Ten years later ... to a ‘General Theory of Relativity’.”可知，1915年他提出了他的“廣義相對論”；根據第四段中的“In 1921， he won the Nobel Prize in Physics.”可知，1921年，他獲得了諾貝爾物理學獎；根據第五段“Albert Einstein left Germany ... of the United States in 1940.”可知，1933年他離開德國去了美國，1940年成為美國公民。由此可知，關于Einstein生平的正確順序是c， b， d， a。故選B。
3.What can be inferred about Albert Einstein from the passage？
A.Albert Einstein didn't like asking questions at school.
B.Albert Einstein hated school for its strict rules.
C.Albert Einstein's lessons were too difficult to understand.
D.Albert Einstein cared little about how he looked.
解析：推理判斷題。根據第六段中的“His white hair was long and wild. He wore old clothes.（他的白發又長又亂。他穿著舊衣服。）”可推知，Einstein不太關心自己的外表。故選D。
4.What's the passage mainly about？
A.The life story of Albert Einstein.
B.The scientific discoveries of Albert Einstein.
C.Albert Einstein and his theories of relativity.
D.How Albert Einstein won great success in his life.
解析：主旨大意題。通讀全文，尤其是根據第一段中的“Albert Einstein was ... his time alone.（阿爾伯特·愛因斯坦1879年出生于德國。他是個安靜的孩子，大部分時間都一個人待著。）”及最后一段“Albert Einstein died in 1955 at the age of seventy－six.（愛因斯坦于1955年去世，享年76歲。）”可知，文章主要講述了Albert Einstein的生平。故選A。
B
The 2023 Nobel Prize in Chemistry has been awarded to Moungi G. Bawendi of Massachusetts Institute of Technology， Louis E. Brus of Columbia University， and Alexei I. Ekimov of Nanocrystals Technology Inc. in New York for the discovery and development of quantum dots （量子點）.
The three scientists each contributed to a fundamental discovery， according to officials from the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences， which awards several of the prizes each year. The work they've done has already led to new technology in television screens and bio－imaging.
Reached by phone during a press conference early Wednesday morning， Bawendi offered a stream of reactions： “Shocked. Sleepy. Very unexpected. And very honored.”
In a rare event， the winners' names were leaked to the Swedish media before the official announcement. But Bawendi said he'd been sound asleep， so he didn't hear anything about it.
Quantum dots are particles （粒子） that are so incredibly small that their size actually starts to affect their properties. For example， blue quantum dots and red quantum dots can be made from the exact same material， with the only difference being the size of the particle itself. （The blue quantum dots are smaller than red ones.）
In fact， changing the size can alter （改變） many different properties beyond just color， which means that quantum dots could be useful for a variety of applications， including building better solar panels and perhaps even creating fuel by using sunlight.
The three scientists will share the prize money of 11 million Swedish kronor （close to $995，000） in equal parts. This is the third science－focused Nobel Prize to be awarded the week. On Tuesday， the physics prize was awarded to Anne L' Huillier， Pierre Agostini and Ferenc Krausz. And on Monday， Katalin Kariko and Drew Weissman won the prize in physiology or medicine.
篇章導讀：本文是一篇新聞報道。文章報道了2023年諾貝爾化學獎的獲得者的研究以及其他獎項的獲得情況。
Officials announced the literature prize on Thursday， followed by the peace prize on Friday. The economics prize was awarded on Monday.
5.How did Bawendi feel when receiving the call early Wednesday morning？
A.Angry. B.Surprised.
C.Bored. D.Sorry.
解析：細節理解題。根據第三段中的“Shocked. Sleepy. Very unexpected. And very honored.”可知，在周三清晨接到電話時，Bawendi （巴文迪）感到驚訝。故選B。
6.What causes the difference in color between blue quantum dots and red ones？
A.The size of the particles.
B.The difference in materials.
C.The change in shapes.
D.The variety of applications.
解析：細節理解題。根據第五段中的“For example ... the particle itself.（例如，藍色量子點和紅色量子點可以由完全相同的材料制成，唯一的區別是粒子本身的大小。）”可知，粒子的大小導致了藍色量子點和紅色量子點之間顏色的差異。故選A。
7.What does the underlined word “This” in Paragraph 7 refer to？
A.The 2023 Nobel Prize in physics.
B.The 2023 Nobel Prize in medicine.
C.The 2023 Nobel Prize in literature.
D.The 2023 Nobel Prize in chemistry.
解析：指代判斷題。根據第一段內容及畫線詞前的“The three scientists ... in equal parts.”可知，2023年諾貝爾化學獎被授予三位科學家，他們將平分1，100萬瑞典克朗（接近995，000美元）的獎金。This指的是2023年諾貝爾化學獎。故選D。
8.What is the text？
A.A short story. B.A diary entry.
C.A news report. D.A research article.
解析：推理判斷題。根據第一段內容并結合文章介紹了他們的研究以及其他獎項的獲得情況可推知，本文是一篇新聞報道。故選C。
1.expand/Ik?sp?nd/v. 擴大；擴展
2.effect/I?fekt/n. 影響；效果
3.fundamental/?f?nd ?mentl/adj. 基本的；根本的
4.shocked/??kt/adj. 震驚的；驚愕的
5.be awarded to 授予；判給
6.a variety of 各種各樣的
閱讀下面材料，根據其內容和所給段落開頭語續寫兩段，使之構成一篇完整的短文。
With the start of new school， freshmen of Hendersonville High School in Nashville were excited to meet new classmates and teachers. Among them， however， 15－year－old Sergio Peralta was feeling very nervous because his right hand had never fully formed since he was born. Going to a new school and being “different” is always scary. Sergio was particularly concerned with what his classmates would think of him.
讀后續寫
Sergio's parents had trained him to use his left hand from an early age. As he grew up， he was used to not using his right hand. He could write with his left one and do some things with special tricks or techniques. Despite this， in the first days of new school， Sergio always felt like hiding his underdeveloped right hand in his sleeve as if nobody would ever find out if he did so.
It didn't take long for someone to learn Sergio's secret. Jeff Wilkins， the teacher of Sergio's engineering class， figured out that Sergio was missing part of his hand and decided to do something for the new student. Jeff had been leading a robotics project in the school and expert in 3D printing technology. Besides， he hoped to take advantage of this hands－on chance to help his robotics students learn more about engineering and how building a robotic hand worked.
So in his class， Jeff announced with great enthusiasm， “You're supposed to be engineering， coming up with new ideas and solving issues. Now Sergio needs a new hand， so we'll work together to build Sergio a robotic hand.” His words fueled everyone's curiosity and creativity.
For the next four weeks， Jeff and his class including Sergio worked on the project. After some precise measurements and researches， the class put forward a design draft. Jeff made a few adjustments and gave them some practical suggestions. With access to online models and a 3D printer， they eventually created a robotic hand， which was intended to look good and work well， like catching something.
注意：
1.續寫詞數應為150個左右；
2.請按如下格式在相應位置作答。
Then came the final testing day.﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍
The life－changing gift for Sergio drew huge attention.﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍
1.Read for characters （人物）
Sergio Peralta， Sergio's parents， ____________， classmates
2.Read for conflict/problems （沖突/問題）
Sergio's right hand had never fully ________ since he was born and he was particularly _________ with what his classmates would think of him.
5R解讀故事
Jeff Wilkins
formed
concerned
3.Read for plot （情節）
afraid
underdeveloped
help
curiosity
creativity
robotic hand
4.Read for emotional changes （情感變化）
At first， Sergio Peralta felt ________ and concerned due to his different right hand among other students； then he _______ joined in the project which showed his __________.
5.Read for theme （主題）
Good deeds warm the heart.
nervous
actively
enthusiasm
Step 1：先寫最后一句（主題句）
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________
Step 2：再寫銜接句（第一段的最后一句）
__________________________________________________________
Soon voluntary donations poured in, which would go to the school's scientific
research and help students develop better.
Never in his life did he expect to catch something with his right hand！
4步確定框架
Step 3：根據所給段首語句寫角色的情感
第一段：
Everyone is ________ about whether the robotic hand can work well on Sergio's body. Sergio is __________ for his new right hand.
第二段：
Jeff and his students are _______ and they consider helping Sergio is ________.
anxious
emotional
happy
worthy
Step 4：補全續寫每段的中間內容
第一段：
The whole class _________ in the science classroom， __________breathlessly as Jeff carefully loaded their self－made robotic hand onto Sergio's right arm. Successfully he _____________ the baseball on the desk and everyone present broke into cheers！
第二段：
Jeff said， “Meanwhile， I hope to __________________________ through this hands－on operation.” His students stated that Jeff challenged them to ________________
__________________， from which they benefited greatly.
gathered
watching
foster students' scientific spirit
transform abstract concepts into reality
caught hold of
寫前導讀：本文是一篇記敘文。Sergio Peralta （塞爾吉奧·佩拉爾塔）由于先天性的手部殘疾而對高中第一天開學感到非常緊張。他的老師Jeff Wilkins （杰夫·威爾金斯）關注到了Sergio的情況，決定利用3D技術給他打造一只“新手”。在全班同學的共同努力下，“新手”的測試結果怎么樣？這給Sergio的生活帶來了怎樣的改變？
[精彩范文]
Then came the final testing day. The whole class gathered in the science classroom， watching breathlessly as Jeff carefully loaded their self made robotic hand onto Sergio's right arm. It fitted quite well！ So excited was Sergio that his arm trembled slightly. Having put a baseball on the desk， Jeff signed to Sergio to pick it up. Slowly， Sergio extended his right hand and reached for the ball. Successfully he caught hold of it and everyone present broke into cheers！ Holding the ball， Sergio couldn't contain his tears. Never in his life did he expect to catch something with his right hand！
The life－changing gift for Sergio drew huge attention. Jeff and his students became an instant hit and various media competed to cover the news. When interviewed about the intention of the project， Jeff said， “I intended Sergio's robotic hand to show our support for him. Meanwhile， I hope to foster students' scientific spirit through this hands-on operation.” His students stated that Jeff challenged them to transform abstract concepts into reality， from which they benefited greatly. Soon voluntary donations poured in， which would go to the school's scientific research and help students develop better.
情節邏輯（范文和自己想的有何不同）
語言表達（原文和范文中有哪些表達更地道更準確） 1.
2.
3.
課后課時作業（二）
較易題（占比30%）　中檔題（占比70%）　拔高題（占比0%）
題號 Ⅰ Ⅱ Ⅲ
難度 ★ ★★ ★★
Ⅰ　閱讀
Edwin Hubble made his most important discoveries in the 1920s. Today， other astronomers continue the work he began. Many of them are using the Hubble Space Telescope that is named after him.
Edwin Powell Hubble was born in 1889 in Marshfield， Missouri. He spent his early years in the state of Kentucky. Then he moved with his family to Chicago， in Louisville. He attended the University of Chicago. He studied mathematics and astronomy. Hubble was a good student. He was a good athlete， too. He was a member of the University of Chicago championship basketball team in 1909. He also was an excellent boxer. Several people urged him to train for the world heavyweight boxing championship after college. Instead， he decided to continue his studies. He went to Queen's College at Oxford， England.
At Oxford， Hubble studied law. He was interested in British Common Law， because his family had come to America from England many years before. He spent three years at Oxford. In 1913， Hubble returned to the United States. He opened a law office in Louisville， Kentucky. After a short time， however， he decided he did not want to be a lawyer. He returned to the University of Chicago. There， once again， he studied astronomy. Edwin Hubble was the first person to use the Hale Telescope. He died in 1953 while preparing to spend four nights looking through the telescope at the sky. 　
篇章導讀：本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了科學家Edwin Hubble （埃德溫·哈勃）的成長和學習經歷，直到最后從事天文學研究的過程。
Hubble's work led to new researches on the birth of the universe. One astronomer said scientists have been filling in the details ever since. And， he said， there is a long way to go.
1.According to this passage， what was Edwin Hubble most interested in？
A.Sports. B.Law.
C.Astronomy. D.Mathematics.
解析：推理判斷題。根據第二段中的“He studied mathematics and astronomy. （他學習數學和天文學。）”和第三段中的“There， once again， he studied astronomy.（在那里，他再次學習了天文學。）”可推知，他對天文學最感興趣。故選C。
2.Why did Edwin Hubble return to the University of Chicago？
A.Because he was interested in British Common Law.
B.Because he was eager to be a famous judge in future.
C.Because his parents had been to Britain a few years before.
D.Because he wanted to go on with the study of astronomy.
解析：細節理解題。根據第三段中的“He returned to ... he studied astronomy.”可知，他回到芝加哥大學的目的是繼續學習天文學。故選D。
3.Which of the following is the RIGHT order according to this passage？
a.He joined the University of Chicago championship basketball team.
b.He studied astronomy at the University of Chicago once again.
c.He moved to Louisville with his family.
d.He used the Hale Telescope to look at the sky.
e.He became a lawyer in Louisville for a short period of time.
A.c， a， b， d， e B.a， c， b， e， d
C.c， a， e， b， d D.a， b， d， e， c
解析：細節理解題。根據第二段中的“Then he moved with his family to Chicago， in Louisville.”和“He was a member of ... in 1909.”，第三段中的“He opened a law office in Louisville， Kentucky.”，“He returned to ... he studied astronomy.”和“Edwin Hubble was the first person to use the Hale Telescope.”可知，Hubble先是隨家人搬到路易斯維爾的芝加哥，然后在芝加哥大學加入了籃球隊，之后他做了一段時間的律師，然后又重返芝加哥大學學習天文學，最后他成為第一個使用海爾望遠鏡的人。故選C。
4.What can we know from this passage？
A.The Hubble Space Telescope was made by Hubble himself.
B.Edwin Powell Hubble went to Oxford， England in 1910.
C.Edwin Powell Hubble grew up in Marshfield， Missouri.
D.Hubble died while he was looking at the sky.
解析：細節理解題。根據第三段中的“He spent three years ... the United States. （他在牛津待了三年。1913年，哈勃回到了美國。）”可知，他于1910年去了英國牛津。故選B。
Ⅱ　七選五
The age range between about 13 and 19 is an important time in an individual's life. 　1　 While you are a teenager， many exciting opportunities for success are given to you. Taking on the right amount of responsibility and independence can push you towards becoming a successful teenager.
First， participate in extra－curricular activities. Schools give students opportunities for staying active. Pick an activity that appeals to you such as athletics， academic clubs， or special－interest clubs. Extra－curricular activities build character through team work， time－management， and competition. Don't be too worried if you aren't very good at what you like， for the important thing is passion. 　2　
Besides， volunteer. 　3　 Meanwhile， volunteering can teach you job－related skills such as responsibility or time－management. Some schools also reward the learning aspect of volunteer work with credit hours. If you are interested in college， volunteering makes you much more appealing during the application process.
Third， use your summer for academic programs. Getting a head start at college could mean sacrificing your summer vacation. Various universities offer programs for future college students based on interests such as journalism， photography， art， sports， etc. 　4　 Research different programs and then figure out which one is the best choice for you. Check the requirements and deadlines. Avoid getting into trouble because of a simple mistake， and you will have a great time.
Finally， know when to ask for help and advice. Being responsible and independent does not mean being alone. 　5　 So， seek advice from parents， older siblings， advisors at work， teachers， or someone whom you trust. Opening up channels of communication at a young age is a great habit for success.
篇章導讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章就如何成為一名成功的青少年提出了四條建議。
A.Make sure your maturity level and interests are leveled.
B.Making and meeting goals can motivate you to progress.
C.Huge steps are taken within that period.
D.They give teenagers the chance to earn college credits.
E.Offering help is a symbol of kindness.
F.It will drive you to put in your best effort.
G.Taking on new tasks and meeting goals will be hard work. 　
1.答案：C
解析：根據上文“The age range ... in an individual's life.”以及下文“While you are a ... success are given to you.”可知，此處應該講述青少年時期，對人生影響巨大。C項（在這段時間內，青少年會邁出巨大的步伐。）符合語境。故選C。
2.答案：F
解析：根據上文“Don't be too worried ... important thing is passion.”可知，此處在講述激情的重要性。F項中的It指代上文中的passion，且F項（它會驅使你全力以赴。）承接上文。故選F。
3.答案：E
解析：根據上文“Besides， volunteer.（此外，去做志愿者。）”可知，該段主要講述的是志愿幫助。E項（提供幫助是善良的象征。）符合語境。故選E。
4.答案：D
解析：根據上文“Various universities offer ... art， sports， etc.”可知，大學為學生提供了各種預備課程，這些課程能夠幫助學生。D項（它們給青少年獲得大學學分的機會。）中的They指代上文中的各項課程，符合語境。故選D。
5.答案：G
解析：根據下文“So， seek advice from parents ... or someone whom you trust.”可知，青少年在遇到困難時，可以向他人求助。G項（接受新任務和實現目標將是艱苦的工作。）引出下文，且與下文構成因果關系。故選G。
Ⅲ　應用文寫作
假定你是李華，你的英國筆友Jack發郵件稱其想要了解中國的科學家，請你給他回一封郵件，向他介紹科學家屠呦呦，內容包括：
1.簡要介紹屠呦呦；
2.她對你的影響。
注意：1.寫作詞數應為80個左右；
2.可以適當增加細節，以使行文連貫。
參考詞匯：青蒿素 artemisinin； 瘧疾 malaria
﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍
[精彩范文]
Dear Jack，
I'm glad to know that you are interested in Chinese great scientists. I'll introduce to you my favourite scientist， Tu Youyou.
Tu Youyou devoted most of her time to finding the cure for malaria. In 2015， she was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for discovering artemisinin， which is the key to the treatment of malaria. Behind her success were numerous failures and setbacks， but never did she give up. Inspired by her story， I decided to study harder so as to realise my dream.
I hope her story can also have a positive effect on you.
Yours，
Li Hua
單元寫作
單元寫作——介紹一位科學家
本單元的話題是科學和科學家，通過本單元的學習，學會寫一篇介紹科學家的文章。此類文章屬于人物介紹，是記敘文的寫作范疇。寫作時要圍繞人物選取材料，因此選材要有代表性，要選擇人物的突出成就或能夠彰顯人物性格特點的事跡進行介紹，做到主題鮮明、內容清晰、簡明扼要、重點突出。另外還要注意所選材料的客觀性與真實性，不要言過其實。
1.人物介紹一般包括以下幾點：
（1）出生年月和出生地點；
（2）主要經歷、事跡和成就；
（3）影響和評價。
2.敘述方法：一般按照時間順序，從科學家的人生經歷到創造性的貢獻等作出介紹，最后是結論性的評價。
3.人稱和時態：通常使用第三人稱。如果敘述的是發生在過去的事情，常用一般過去時；若敘述當前的情況，常用一般現在時；對未來的展望則常用一般將來時。
Of so many famous scientists all over the world， I admire 　　　　 （名字） most.
Born on 　　　　 （時間） in 　　　　 （地點）， he/she was from 　　　　 （家庭）. Having graduated from 　　　　 （學校）， he/she was sent to work as 　　　　 （職業）. He/She began his/her research in 　　　　 （領域）. He/She is honored as 　　　　 （成就）. Famous as he/she is， he/she cares little 　　　　 （品格及評價）.
His/Her great contribution to human beings and his/her noble personality impressed me deeply.
1.Born in 1920， she was one of the greatest scientists in the 20th century.
她出生于1920年，是20世紀最偉大的科學家之一。
2.Professor Green， known to the world as a scientist， is not only diligent but also warm hearted.
格林教授是一位聞名世界的科學家，他不僅勤勉，而且熱心。
3.He is a well－known scientist whose theories have changed the world.
他是一位著名的科學家，他的理論改變了世界。
※開頭常用句式
1.Behind her success were numerous failures and setbacks， but never did she give up.
她成功的背后是無數的失敗和挫折，但她從未放棄。
2.He devoted his whole life to his country and people， and even to the world.
他把他的一生獻給了他的國家和人民，甚至獻給了世界。
3.As a top scientist in the world， he/she lived a very simple life， but his/her contributions were invaluable to the field of science.
作為世界頂尖的科學家，他/她過著非常簡樸的生活，但他/她對科學領域的貢獻是非常寶貴的。
※主體段落常用句式
4.He/She was an admirable man/woman who displayed the characteristics of wisdom， strength and courage.
他/她是一位令人欽佩的男士/女士，展現出了智慧、力量和勇氣。
5.He actively promoted the spread of scientific ideas about matters such as morality， who is the person with willingness to serve the country.
他積極地推動諸如道德之類的科學觀念的傳播，是一個愿意為國家服務的人。
6.She dedicates her time， knowledge and wisdom to her students and to future scientists from all over the world who come to study with her.
她為她的學生以及世界各國來向她求學的未來科學家們奉獻出自己的時間、知識和智慧。
1.Inspired by her story， I decided to study harder so as to realise my dream.
受到她的故事的鼓舞，我決定更加努力學習，以實現我的夢想。
2.This is an age not only of great science； it is an age of great scientists.
這不僅是一個偉大的科學時代；也是一個偉大的科學家時代。
3.She has fulfilled her role in her career and set a shining example to the younger generations.
她在事業上履行了自己的職責，并為年輕一代樹立了光輝的榜樣。
※結尾常用句式
假定你是李華，你的澳大利亞筆友Jenny來信，讓你介紹一位你最崇拜的中國科學家，請你根據下列表格中的內容提示給她寫一封回信。
姓名 梁建英 出生年份 1972年
職務 中國高鐵總設計師 主要經歷 1.1995年大學畢業后開始從事高鐵研究工作； 2.研制出時速300～350公里高速動車組； 3.2015年獲獎。 注意：1.寫作詞數應為80個左右；
2.可以適當增加細節，以使行文連貫。
參考詞匯：高速動車組high－speed EMU
﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍
[精彩范文]
Dear Jenny，
The Chinese scientist I admire most is Liang Jianying， general designer of the China high－speed EMU.
Liang Jianying was born in 1972. Since she graduated from university in 1995， she has been devoting all her time to researching into the development of the China high-speed railway. Afterwards， she invented the 300－350 km/h high-speed EMU， making it more convenient for us to get around quickly. It is because of her outstanding contributions to our country that China is playing a leading role in high－speed railways all over the world. As a consequence， she was awarded in 2015.
Liang Jianying has set a good example for us. From her， I realize that we should keep on trying until we realise our dreams.
Yours，
Li Hua

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