資源簡介 英語 選擇性必修 第二冊 RJSection Ⅰ Reading and Thinking一、閱讀單詞及詞塊：寫出漢語含義1．cholera n. 霍亂2．diarrhoea n. 腹瀉3．dehydration n. 脫水4．germ n. 微生物；細菌；病菌5．pump n. 泵；抽水機；打氣筒6．water pump 水泵7．household n. 一家人；家庭；同住一所(套)房子的人8．substantial adj. 大量的；價值巨大的；重大的9．statistic n. 統(tǒng)計數(shù)字；統(tǒng)計資料；統(tǒng)計學(xué)10．epidemiology n. 流行病學(xué)11．microscope n. 顯微鏡二、高頻單詞：寫出英文單詞1．frustrated adj. 懊惱的；沮喪的；失意的2．contradictory adj. 相互矛盾的；對立的；不一致的3．subscribe vi. 認(rèn)購(股份)；定期訂購；定期交納(會費)4．multiple adj. 數(shù)量多的；多種多樣的5．suspect vt.& vi. 懷疑；疑有；不信任 n. 犯罪嫌疑人；可疑對象6．blame vt. 把……歸咎于；責(zé)怪；指責(zé) n. 責(zé)備；指責(zé)7．link n. 聯(lián)系；紐帶 vt. 把……連接起來；相關(guān)聯(lián)8．raw adj. 未煮的；生的；未經(jīng)處理的；原始的9．decrease n. 減少；降低；減少量 vt.& vi. (使大小、數(shù)量等)減少；減小；降低10．transform vt. 使改觀；使改變形態(tài) vi. 改變；轉(zhuǎn)變三、拓展單詞：寫出下列單詞的詞性轉(zhuǎn)換(可查字典)1．severe adj. 極為惡劣的；十分嚴(yán)重的；嚴(yán)厲的→severely adv. 極為惡劣地；十分嚴(yán)重地；嚴(yán)厲地→severity n. 嚴(yán)重；嚴(yán)厲2．infect vt. 使感染；傳染→infection n. 感染；傳染→infectious adj.傳染的→infected adj. 被感染的3．proof n. 證據(jù)；證明；檢驗→prove vt. 證明，證實4．intervention n. 介入；出面；干涉→intervene vi. 干擾；介入5．pure adj. 干凈的；純的；純粹的→purely adv. 完全地；純粹地→purify vt. 凈化；使……潔凈→purity n. 純凈；純粹四、熟詞生義：寫出熟義handle [熟義] n. 把手；拉手；柄vt. 處理；應(yīng)對[生義] v. (用手)觸，拿，搬動；操縱 n. 網(wǎng)名；賬號(流行語)五、核心短語：寫出英語表達1．once__and__for__all 最終地；徹底地2．subscribe__to 同意；贊同3．thanks__to 幸虧；由于課文三維剖析溫馨提示：堅持自主學(xué)習(xí)“課文三維剖析”，走進來，揣摩它，復(fù)利思維，你會收獲一個語法通！JOHN SNOW DEFEATS “KING CHOLERA”約翰·斯諾戰(zhàn)勝“霍亂王”Cholera used to be one of the most feared diseases in the world, until a British doctor, John Snow, showed how it could be overcome1. This illness causes severe diarrhoea, dehydration, and even death. In the early 19th century2, when3 an outbreak of cholera hit Europe, millions of people died from the disease. As a young doctor4, John Snow became frustrated because5 no one knew how to prevent or treat cholera6. In time, he rose to become a famous doctor, and7 even attended to Queen Victoria when8 she gave birth. However, he never lost his desire to destroy cholera9 once and for all. 在英國醫(yī)生約翰·斯諾向人們展示如何戰(zhàn)勝霍亂之前，霍亂曾是世界上最令人恐懼的疾病之一。它可導(dǎo)致嚴(yán)重腹瀉、脫水甚至死亡。十九世紀(jì)初，霍亂暴發(fā)，肆虐歐洲，數(shù)百萬人喪命。由于當(dāng)時無人知道如何預(yù)防或治療霍亂，年輕的約翰·斯諾醫(yī)生很沮喪。后來，他成了一位名醫(yī)，甚至照料分娩的維多利亞女王。然而，他始終沒有放棄徹底根除霍亂的愿望。 1 until引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句；how it could be overcome作showed的賓語；John Snow是a British doctor的同位語 2 時間狀語 3 引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句 4 方式狀語 5 引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句 6 疑問詞＋不定式短語，作knew的賓語 7 連接并列謂語動詞 8 引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句 9 desire的后置定語In general10, doctors in those days11 had two contradictory theories to explain how cholera spread12. One theory was that13 bad air caused the disease.The other was that14 cholera was caused by an infection from germs in food or water15. Snow subscribed to the second theory. It was correct, but16 he still needed proof. Consequently17, when18 an outbreak of cholera hit London in 1854, Snow began to investigate. He discovered that in two particular streets the cholera outbreak was so severe that more than 500 people died in ten days19. He was determined to find out why20. 關(guān)于霍亂的蔓延方式，當(dāng)時醫(yī)生大體上有兩種截然不同的看法。一種看法是空氣污染引發(fā)，另一種看法是食物或飲用水中的細菌感染導(dǎo)致霍亂。斯諾贊同第二種看法。這一看法是正確的，但他仍需要證據(jù)。因此，1854年倫敦暴發(fā)霍亂時，斯諾便開始調(diào)查。他發(fā)現(xiàn)霍亂疫情在兩條街道上尤為嚴(yán)重，十天內(nèi)就有500多人死亡。他決心查明原因。 10 插入/狀語 11 doctors的后置定語 12 theories的后置定語；how cholera spread作explain的賓語 13 引導(dǎo)表語從句 14 引導(dǎo)表語從句 15 infection的后置定語 16 連接并列分句 17 插入/狀語 18 引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句 19 第一個that引導(dǎo)賓語從句； so ... that ... 引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句 20 determine sb to do sth “使某人下決心做某事”，to do sth作賓補；sb be determined to do sth中，to do sth作主補Snow began by marking on a map the exact places21where all those who died had lived22. There were multiple deaths near the water pump in Broad Street23 (especially house numbers 16, 37, 38, and 40). However, some households (such as 20 and 21 Broad Street, and 8 and 9 Cambridge Street) had had no deaths. These people worked in the pub at 7 Cambridge Street24. They had been given free beer, and25 so had not drunk the water from the pump26. Snow suspected that27 the water pump was to blame. What is more28, in another part of London29, a woman and her daughter had died of cholera after moving away from Broad Street30. It seemed that31 the woman liked the water from the pump so much that32 she had it delivered33 to her house every day.As a result of this evidence34, John Snow was able to announce that35 the pump water carried cholera germs. Accordingly36 ， he had the handle of the pump removed37 so that38 it could not be used. Through this intervention, the disease was stopped in its tracks. 斯諾首先在地圖上標(biāo)出所有死者住所的確切位置。寬街水泵附近有多例死亡(尤其是16號、37號、38號及40號住宅)，但是有些住戶(如寬街20號和21號以及劍橋街8號和9號)卻無人死亡。這些幸存者在劍橋街7號的酒吧工作，酒吧為他們提供免費啤酒，因此沒有喝水泵抽上來的水。斯諾懷疑水泵就是罪魁禍?zhǔn)住４送猓趥惗氐牧硪粋€區(qū)域，一名婦女和她的女兒從寬街搬來后死于霍亂。該婦女似乎非常喜歡從水泵抽上來的水，每天都讓人從那里打水運到家里來。有了這個證據(jù)，約翰·斯諾就能夠宣布水泵抽上來的水?dāng)y帶霍亂病菌。于是，他讓人拆掉了水泵的把手，這樣水泵就用不成了。這一干預(yù)舉措遏制了疾病的蔓延。 21 方式狀語 22 where引導(dǎo)定語從句，修飾places；who died是定語從句，修飾those 23 地點狀語 24 地點狀語 25 連接兩個并列謂語 26 water的后置定語 27 引導(dǎo)賓語從句 28 插入語 29 地點狀語 30 時間狀語 31 It seemed that ... “似乎……”，為固定句式 32 so ... that ... 引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句 33 have sth done結(jié)構(gòu)，delivered為過去分詞作it的賓補 34 原因狀語 35 引導(dǎo)賓語從句 36 插入/狀語 37 have sth done結(jié)構(gòu)，過去分詞作賓補 38 引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句The truth was that the water from the Broad Street pump had been infected by waste39. Moreover, Snow was later able to show a link between other cases of cholera and the different water companies in London40. Some companies sold water from the River Thames that was polluted by raw waste41. The people who drank this water42 were much more likely to get cholera than those who drank pure or boiled water43. 事情的真相是寬街水泵抽上來的水被廢棄物污染了。此外，斯諾之后還證明了另外幾起霍亂病例與倫敦多家飲用水公司有關(guān)。有些公司出售的水取自未被處理的廢棄物污染的泰晤士河。與飲用純凈水或開水的人相比，飲用被污染的水的人更容易染上霍亂。 39 表語從句 40 link的后置定語 41 介詞短語from the River Thames作water的后置定語；that引導(dǎo)定語從句，修飾the__River__Thames 42 定語從句，修飾people 43 定語從句，修飾thoseThrough Snow's tireless efforts44, water companies began to sell clean water45, and46 the threat of cholera47around the world48 saw a substantial decrease. However, cholera is still a problem. Each year, millions of people around the world49 get cholera and many die from it. Fortunately, we now know how to prevent cholera50, thanks to the work of John Snow51. Moreover, in his use of maps and statistics52, Snow transformed the way scientists study diseases53. For this reason, Snow is considered the father of modern epidemiology54. 經(jīng)過斯諾的不懈努力，飲用水公司開始出售潔凈水，世界各地霍亂的威脅大幅降低。然而，霍亂仍是問題。每年全球有數(shù)百萬人感染霍亂，其中許多人因此喪生。幸運的是，由于約翰·斯諾的努力，我們現(xiàn)在知道了如何預(yù)防霍亂。此外，通過使用地圖和數(shù)據(jù)，斯諾改變了科學(xué)家研究疾病的方式。因此，斯諾被譽為現(xiàn)代流行病學(xué)之父。 44 方式狀語 45 動詞不定式短語作began的賓語 46 連接并列分句 47 threat的后置定語 48 地點狀語 49 people的后置定語 50 疑問詞＋不定式短語作賓語 51 原因狀語 52 方式狀語 53 定語從句 54 consider sb (to be)sb，前者sb是賓語，后者sb是賓補，被動語態(tài)中，后者sb (the father of modern epidemiology)是主補閱讀領(lǐng)悟(一)填空并連線(二)關(guān)注銜接詞1．in the early 19th century 在19世紀(jì)初期2．in time 及時；終于；經(jīng)過一段時間之后3．in general 一般來說4．consequently 結(jié)果是5．however 然而6．what is more 而且7．a(chǎn)s a result of ... 由于8．a(chǎn)ccordingly 因此，所以9．moreover 此外，而且10．fortunately 幸運的是11．thanks to 由于12．for this reason 由于這個原因(三)問題鏈1．Why was John Snow frustrated He__couldn't__find__a__cure__for__cholera.2．How did John Snow begin his research By__using__maps__and__statistics.探究一 熱詞1.frustrated adj. 懊惱的；沮喪的；失意的(教材P2)·frustrate vt.使沮喪；使懊惱；挫敗 ·frustrating adj. 令人懊惱的；令人沮喪的 ·frustration n. [U]懊喪；沮喪；挫敗 [C]令人懊喪(或懊惱、沮喪)的事物 feel frustrated at/with ... 對……感到沮喪/懊惱 in frustration 懊惱地；沮喪地①When things go wrong, all of us naturally feel disappointed and frustrated.出問題時，我們自然而然都會覺得失望和沮喪。②It frustrates me that I'm not able to put any of my ideas into practice.我的任何想法都無法付諸實踐，這讓我很沮喪。(應(yīng)用文寫作之求助信)③She couldn't stand the frustration of not being able to help.眼睜睜幫不上忙，她可受不了。(讀后續(xù)寫之人物描寫)【小小語義場】情緒類形容詞touched 感動的grateful 感激的furious 狂怒的，暴怒的depressed 抑郁的，沮喪的sorrowful 悲傷的，悲痛的jealous 妒忌的【學(xué)會運用】單句語法填空①It's frustrating (frustrate) to have to wait so long.②The result, not unnaturally, was that he became more tense and increasingly frustrated (frustrate).③It was a time fraught with difficulties and frustrations (frustrate).【學(xué)會表達】翻譯④他沮喪地把筆扔在了桌子上。He__threw__his__pen__on__the__desk__in__frustration.⑤沒有進展，他們感到懊惱。They__felt__frustrated__at/with__the__lack__of__progress.2.suspect vt.& vi. 懷疑；疑有；不信任 n. 犯罪嫌疑人；可疑對象(教材P2)·suspected adj. 有嫌疑的；被懷疑的 ·suspicious adj. 多疑的；感覺可疑的 ·suspicion n. 懷疑；嫌疑；猜疑 suspect (that) ... 懷疑/認(rèn)為…… suspect sb to be ... 懷疑某人是…… suspect ... of (doing) sth 懷疑……(做了)某事 be suspicious of ... 對……懷疑①If you suspect a gas leak, do not strike a match or even turn on an electric light.假如你懷疑有煤氣泄漏，不要劃火柴，甚至連電燈都不要開。②He is the prime suspect in the case.他是這個案子的首要嫌疑人。③The police suspect him of carrying out two bomb attacks.警方懷疑他發(fā)動兩起爆炸案。【學(xué)會運用】單句語法填空①Some parents hesitate to take these steps because they suspect that their child is exaggerating.②He stared at that suspected broken arm with a suspicious look. (suspect)【學(xué)會表達】翻譯③然而，許多科學(xué)家懷疑噪音比他們之前認(rèn)為的更危險。However,__many__scientists__suspect__that__noise__is__a__greater__danger__than__they__previously__believed.④起初，所有的老師都懷疑他是個騙子，但結(jié)果證明他們錯了。All__the__teachers__suspected__him__to__be__a__cheat__at__first,__but__it__turned__out__that__they__were__wrong.3.blame vt. 把……歸咎于；責(zé)怪；指責(zé) n. 責(zé)備；指責(zé)(教材P2) blame sb for sth 因某事而責(zé)備某人 blame sth on sb 把某事怪到某人頭上 be to blame (for ...) 應(yīng)該(為……)負責(zé)任；該(因……)受責(zé)備 take the blame for ... 對……負責(zé) put/lay the blame (for sth) on sb (把某事)歸咎于某人身上be to blame 短語中的blame不能用被動形式，該短語為主動形式表示被動含義。①Police are blaming the accident on Jack due to his dangerous driving.警方把事故原因歸咎于杰克危險駕駛。②She was partly to blame for failing to look as she crossed the road.她橫穿馬路時沒有看車，應(yīng)承擔(dān)部分責(zé)任。③He decided to take the blame for the team's failure.他決定為團隊的失敗承擔(dān)責(zé)任。【學(xué)會運用】單句語法填空①I don't blame him for getting angry—she's being really annoying.②Anything that goes wrong in the office is blamed on Pete.【學(xué)會表達】完成句子③每當(dāng)出了問題，他總是試圖將責(zé)任歸咎于別人。He always tries to lay/put__the__blame__on__others when something goes wrong.④如果你丟掉了工作，你只能怪你自己。If you lose your job, you'll only have__yourself__to__blame.4.link n. 聯(lián)系；紐帶 vt. 把……連接起來；相關(guān)聯(lián)(教材 P3) a link between ... (and ...) ……(與……)之間的聯(lián)系/紐帶 a link with sb/sth 與某人/某物的紐帶/聯(lián)系 link A to/with B 將A與B聯(lián)系/連接起來 link ... with ... 將……與……相連①Despite living in different countries, the two families have maintained close links.盡管生活在不同的國家，這兩個家庭仍然保持著密切的聯(lián)系。②There's a direct link between diet and heart disease.日常飲食與心臟病有直接的關(guān)系。(健康生活)③The Channel Tunnel links Britain with the rest of Europe.英吉利海峽隧道把英國和歐洲其他國家連接起來了。【學(xué)會運用】單句語法填空①The hearts of the people of all the nationalities are linked to/with each other.②Social customs provide a vital link between generations.【學(xué)會表達】翻譯③The old Silk Road linked China with the West in ancient times.古絲綢之路在古代把中國和西方聯(lián)系起來。5.decrease n. 減少；降低；減少量 vt.& vi. (使大小、數(shù)量等)減少；減小；降低(教材P3) a decrease in ... 在……方面減少 on the decrease 在減少 decrease to ... 減少到…… decrease by ... 減少了…… decrease from ... to ... 從……減少到……①There could be a slight decrease in his weight but he eats too much.他的體重可能略有下降，但他還是吃得很多。②The number of poor men is on the decrease as the economy is growing.隨著經(jīng)濟發(fā)展，貧困人口數(shù)量正在減少。③The temperature will decrease from 25 degrees Celsius to 15 degrees Celsius tomorrow.明天氣溫將從25攝氏度降至15攝氏度。 increase n．& v. 增加，增多 on the increase 在增加 increase by ... 增加了…… increase to ... 增加到…… an increase in ... 在……方面增加【學(xué)會運用】單句語法填空①Plants decreased by 28 percent over 40 years.②Last year there was a 20% decrease in his earnings.③The new law has come into effect, and the number of wild animals here is on the increase now.【學(xué)會表達】翻譯④他的身高增加了2.5厘米。His__height__increased__by__2.5__cm.⑤和去年相比，今年小麥的價格已降低了20%。Compared__with__last__year,_the_price_of__wheat__has__decreased__by__20%__this__year.1．infect vt. 使感染；傳染→infection n. 感染；傳染→infectious adj. 傳染的→infected adj. 被感染的I was infected with a serious infectious disease, and the infection caused me to transform into an infectious agent.我感染了一種嚴(yán)重的傳染病，這種感染使我變成了一個傳染源。2．proof n. 證據(jù)；證明；檢驗→prove vt. 證明，證實They have proof to prove the theory about the big bang.他們有證據(jù)證明大爆炸理論。【學(xué)會運用】單句語法填空①Cholera is a bacterial infection (infect)．②Can you provide any proof (prove) of identity 【學(xué)會表達】翻譯③我要有一些證據(jù)以后才提出控告。I__don't__want__to__make__an__accusation__until__I__have__some__proof.④一瞬間，我被她的恐懼所感染。(讀后續(xù)寫之心理描寫)For__an__instant__I__was__infected__by__her__fear.handle[熟義]n. 把手；拉手；柄 vt. 處理；應(yīng)對 [生義]v. (用手)觸，拿，搬動；操縱 n. 網(wǎng)名；賬號(流行語)①I turned the handle and found the door was open.我轉(zhuǎn)了一下門把手，發(fā)現(xiàn)門開著。②She admitted to herself she didn't know how to handle the problem.她心里承認(rèn)自己不知道該如何處理這個問題。③Our cat hates being handled.我們的貓不喜歡被人摸弄。④He knows how to handle the machine.他知道如何操作這臺機器。⑤You probably know me by my handle.你可能熟悉我的網(wǎng)名。【學(xué)會運用】同義詞替換①His handle is @Fareast work__account【學(xué)會表達】翻譯②We were worried she wouldn't be able to handle it, but she came through in the end.我們擔(dān)心她沒有能力處理那件事，然而她最終成功了。③The car handles well in any weather.這輛車在任何天氣下開起來都很靈便。④你接觸化學(xué)藥品時必須小心。You__must__be__careful__when__handling__chemicals.探究二 短語thanks to 幸虧；由于(教材P3)其他相關(guān)同義短語： because of 因為，由于 due to 因為，由于 owing to 由于，因為 on account of 由于，因為 as a result of 作為……的結(jié)果，由于①Thanks to your help, we finished the project on time.由于你的幫助，我們按時完成了這個項目。(應(yīng)用文寫作之感謝信)②(浙江高考1月)Due to the lack of scientific proof concerning their impacts, no one has succeeded in winning a lawsuit against cloud seeding companies.由于缺乏有關(guān)其影響的科學(xué)證據(jù)，沒有人成功地贏得對人工降雨公司的訴訟。③She retired early on account of ill health.她因為體弱多病而早早地退休了。④(新課標(biāo)Ⅱ卷)Program evaluations show that kids eat more vegetables as a result of the classes.項目評估顯示，孩子們因為上這些課程而吃了更多的蔬菜。【學(xué)會運用】單句語法填空①He walked slowly because of his bad leg.②Thanks to a new directive, food labelling will be more specific.③The team's success was largely due to her efforts.【學(xué)會表達】完成句子④由于下雨，比賽取消了。Owing__to/Because__of/Due__to/On__account__of/As__a__result__of__the__rain,__the match was cancelled.⑤多虧了那份工作，我才成了一個喜歡閱讀的人。Thanks__to__the__job,__I became an avid reader.探究三 長難句分析It seemed that the woman liked the water from the pump so much that she had it delivered to her house every day. (教材P2) 該婦女似乎非常喜歡從水泵抽上來的水，每天都讓人從那里打水運到家里來。【分析】 It seems that ... “好像……”，是固定句式；so ... that ... “如此……以至于……”，引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句，在該從句中had it delivered為“have＋賓語＋賓補”結(jié)構(gòu)。 (1)It seems that ... 相似句型： It appears that ... 好像…… It happens that ... 碰巧…… It turns out that ... 結(jié)果是……；證明是…… (2)so ... that ... 引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句： so＋形容詞/副詞＋that ... so＋形容詞＋a/an＋可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)＋that ... so＋many/few＋可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)＋that ... so＋much/little (少)＋不可數(shù)名詞＋that ... (3)such ... that ... 引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句： such＋a/an＋形容詞＋可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)＋that ... such＋adj.＋不可數(shù)名詞＋that ... such＋adj.＋可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)＋that ...①It seems that everyone else has known the news except me.好像除了我以外其他人都已經(jīng)知道了這個消息。②Fortunately, it happened that no student was in the building when the earthquake broke out.幸運的是，地震發(fā)生時大樓里碰巧沒有學(xué)生。(自然災(zāi)害)③(新課標(biāo)Ⅱ卷)Some students get so interested in gardening that they bring home seeds to start their own vegetable gardens.有些學(xué)生對園藝非常感興趣，于是他們把種子帶回家建立自己的菜園。④There was so few guests that the host felt very sad.賓客如此少，主人感到很傷心。⑤There was so much snow on the road that the cars couldn't move fast.路上雪很多，小汽車跑不快。(讀后續(xù)寫之場景描寫)⑥It is such a heavy box that I can't lift it.這是一個很重的箱子，我抬不起來。⑦He made such rapid progress that he was praised by his teacher and his parents.他進步如此之快，受到了老師和父母的表揚。(校園生活)⑧So delicious is the food that you don't need much of it to make you happy.食物如此美味，你不需要太多就能讓你快樂。(健康生活)在so ... that ... 和such ... that ... 引導(dǎo)的結(jié)果狀語從句中，so, such連同它所直接修飾的成分共同位于句首表示強調(diào)時，主句要用部分倒裝。【學(xué)會運用】單句語法填空①He has such a high opinion of himself that criticism flows off him like water off a duck's back.②There is so little time left that we must hurry.③It seems that he likes his new job.【學(xué)會表達】句式升級④Light travels so fast that we can hardly imagine its speed.→So__fast__does__light__travel that we can hardly imagine its speed.維度一 高頻詞匯(一)寫出下列單詞和短語的英文1．infection n. 感染；傳染2．contradictory adj. 相互矛盾的；對立的；不一致的3．pure adj. 干凈的；純的；純粹的4．decrease n. 減少；降低；減少量 vt.& vi. (使大小、數(shù)量等)減少；減小；降低5．severe adj. 極為惡劣的；十分嚴(yán)重的；嚴(yán)厲的6．subscribe__to 同意；贊同7．once__and__for__all 最終地；徹底地8．thanks__to 幸虧；由于9．transform__...__into__... 使……變成……10．be__to__blame 應(yīng)該受到責(zé)備；應(yīng)該負責(zé)(二)寫出下列句子中加黑部分的漢語釋義1．This information is only raw data and will need further analysis.原始的2．We made multiple copies of the report.數(shù)量多的3．She had become increasingly frustrated with her life.沮喪的4．She was my only link with the past.聯(lián)系5．I wasn't sure if I could handle such a powerful car.操控維度二 語境運用(三)根據(jù)語境填入恰當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容1．The risk of infection (infect) is appreciably higher among children.2．Seven miles of track were installed to link the hotel to/with the golf course.3．Who did the man suspect of stealing his axe 4．I'm pretty deskbound, which is very frustrating (frustrate).5．It was all a great success—thanks to a lot of hard work.(四)用方框中單詞的正確形式替換下列句子中的加黑部分transform, pure, decrease, multiple, proof1．The methods are many and various.multiple2．The air was sweet and clean.pure3．Prices vary according to the type of room you require.transform4．We found further scientific evidence for this theory. proof5．There has been some reduction in unemployment. decrease維度三 能力提升(五)長難句分析 (浙江高考1月)Hoping to impress some talented actors to come and work for me for nothing, I spread some throws over the sofas and lit candles to make it seem a bit more “young professional”.分析：句子主干是 I__spread__some__throws__and__lit__candles，是“主謂賓”結(jié)構(gòu)。spread和lit是并列謂語，to make ... 是不定式短語作目的狀語，make it seem a bit more ... 是“make＋賓語＋賓補”結(jié)構(gòu)。Hoping to ... 是現(xiàn)在分詞短語作伴隨狀語。(六)句型轉(zhuǎn)換1．I was so nervous that I could hardly tell which direction was left.→So__nervous__was__I that I could hardly tell which direction was left.2．We have had to raise our prices because costs are rising.→We have had to raise our prices because__of__rising__costs．維度四 素養(yǎng)提升(七)根據(jù)所給漢語，完成下列句子1．I do not blame__them__for (責(zé)怪他們) trying to make some money.2．I do not subscribe__to (同意) that view at all.3．We have to resolve this matter once__and__for__all (徹底地)．(八)翻譯1．總的說來，我同意你說的話。(in general)In__general,__I__agree__to__what__you__said.2．你可能會感到焦慮并且有壓力。(be likely to)You're__likely__to__feel__anxious__and__pressured.課后課時作業(yè)(一)較易題(占比70%) 中檔題(占比30%) 拔高題(占比0%)題號 Ⅰ Ⅱ Ⅲ難度 ★ ★★ ★溫馨提示：豐富的語料是寫作的源泉，與其單獨背那些枯燥的熱詞佳句，不如在閱讀語境中輕松記憶語篇題中的黑體(除標(biāo)題和設(shè)題外)語句，日積月累，悄然完成遷移，提升寫作。Ⅰ 完形填空Farming and GardeningAgriculture has a long history in China. Much of the wisdom __1__ by early Chinese scientists is still useful for farmers and gardeners today. One of China's early agricultural scientists was Jia Sixie, who lived in the sixth century AD. He spent his time doing __2__ into agriculture. He collected information, studied it, did experiments and learnt from the __3__ of farmers.Around 540 AD, he wrote a book called Qimin Yaoshu. The book is about both farming and __4__. It includes advice on the following __5__： growing green vegetables and fruit trees, and keeping animals. Jia Sixie's book is a practical guide for farming. Firstly, as a farmer you should do things at the right time of the year. If you sow seeds and __6__ young plants in the fields at the correct time of the year, your work will be less and __7__ will be better. The __8__ of the soil is also very important. Examine the soil on your farm __9__. If the condition of your soil is not good, you should improve it. Before sowing or planting crops, you must clean rough ground and __10__ weeds. The best harvest is reached when farmers __11__ the crops in their fields. For example, do not plant rice __12__ in the same field. But if you plant rice in a field one year and wheat in the field the next year, you will __13__ good crops.Other scientists said that wheat should be planted with __14__ between the plants, but Jia did experiments and __15__ that planting wheat close together was better.篇章導(dǎo)讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了我國古代農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)家賈思勰對我國古代農(nóng)業(yè)的研究和貢獻。他的耕種方法對我國古代農(nóng)業(yè)起了重要的指導(dǎo)作用。1．A.recovered B．discoveredC．reported D．impressed答案：B解析：句意：中國早期科學(xué)家發(fā)現(xiàn)的許多智慧對如今的農(nóng)民和園丁仍然有用。recover 恢復(fù)；discover 發(fā)現(xiàn)；report 報告；impress 使印象深刻。故選B。2．A.research B．theoryC．experiment D．statistics答案：A解析：research 研究；theory 理論；experiment 實驗；statistics 統(tǒng)計資料。根據(jù)后文“He collected information ... __3__ of farmers.”可知，此處指他把時間花在研究農(nóng)業(yè)上。故選A。3．A.adventure B．experienceC．tradition D．a(chǎn)ssociation答案：B解析：adventure 冒險；experience 經(jīng)驗；tradition 傳統(tǒng)；association 協(xié)會。根據(jù)前文“He collected information, studied it, did experiments”可知，他從農(nóng)民的經(jīng)驗中學(xué)習(xí)。故選B。4．A.nursing B．producingC．gardening D．trading答案：C解析：nursing 護理；producing 生產(chǎn)；gardening 園藝；trading 貿(mào)易。根據(jù)本文的標(biāo)題“Farming and Gardening”可知，這本書是關(guān)于農(nóng)業(yè)和園藝的。故選C。5．A.programs B．choicesC．events D．subjects答案：D解析：program 項目；choice 選擇；event 活動；subject 主題，學(xué)科。根據(jù)后文“growing green vegetables and fruit trees, and keeping animals”可知，該書包括種植綠色蔬菜和果樹，以及飼養(yǎng)動物不同類目的建議。故選D。6．A.grow B．mixC．drop D．throw答案：A解析：grow 種植；生長；mix 混合；drop 落下；throw 扔，投。根據(jù)后文“young plants”可知，此處表示種植幼苗。故選A。7．A.results B．bondsC．hopes D．dreams答案：A解析：result 結(jié)果；bond 聯(lián)系；hope 希望；dream 夢想。根據(jù)前文“If you sow seeds ... will be less”可知，如果你在一年中正確的時間在地里播種和種植幼苗，你的工作量就會減少，結(jié)果也會更好，即收成更好。故選A。8．A.application B．situationC．combination D．condition答案：D解析：application 應(yīng)用；situation 形勢；combination 組合；condition 條件。根據(jù)后文“Examine the soil on your farm”和“If the condition ... should improve it.”可知，此處強調(diào)土壤條件也非常重要。故選D。9．A.gently B．carefullyC．gradually D．frequently答案：B解析：gently 輕輕地；carefully 仔細地；gradually 逐漸地；frequently 頻繁地。根據(jù)前文“The __8__ of the soil is also very important.”和“Examine”可知，土壤條件很重要，所以應(yīng)仔細地檢查土壤。故選B。10．A.loosen B．relieveC．remove D．lower答案：C解析：loosen 使變松；relieve 使緩解；remove 清除；lower 降低。根據(jù)后文“weeds”以及常識可知，此處指在種植作物之前必須清除雜草。故選C。11．A.surround B．enhanceC．change D．improve答案：C解析：surround 包圍；enhance 增強；change 改變，更換；improve 改進。根據(jù)后文“But if you plant rice ... good crops.”可知，第一年種水稻，第二年種小麥，第二年的收成會更好，因此最好的收成是在農(nóng)民換種莊稼的時候。故選C。12．A.one after another B．now and thenC．year after year D．here and there答案：C解析：one after another 一個接一個地；now and then 時不時；year after year 年復(fù)一年；here and there 到處。根據(jù)前文“The best harvest ... in their fields.”可知，最好的收成是在農(nóng)民換種莊稼的時候獲得的，因此不要年復(fù)一年地種植同一種作物。故選C。13．A.harvest B．collectC．generate D．export答案：A解析：harvest 收獲；collect 收集；generate 產(chǎn)生；export 出口。根據(jù)前文“The best harvest ... in their fields.”和后文“good crops”可知，此處指如果你今年在地里種水稻，明年種小麥，你就會收獲好收成。故選A。14．A.layers B．patternsC．balance D．space答案：D解析：layer 層；pattern 模式；balance 均衡；space 空間。根據(jù)后文“between the plants”和“planting wheat close together was better”可知，此處指種植小麥時， 植株之間要留有空間。故選D。15．A.decided B．betC．intended D．showed答案：D解析：decide 決定；bet 打賭；intend 打算；show 表明，顯示。根據(jù)后文“that planting wheat close together was better”可知，賈思勰的實驗表明緊密種植小麥效果更好。故選D。Ⅱ 七選五Characteristics of an excellent scientistThe dictionary defines a scientist as a person having professional knowledge on one or more sciences, especially natural science or physical science. __1__ Let's look at some characteristics of an excellent scientist.CuriosityAn excellent scientist must be very curious about things. Scientists such as Thomas Edison and George Westinghouse discovered things mainly because they wanted to know how things work. __2__PatienceBecoming a scientist takes a long time. __3__ Even if you think you have received some education on science, you still have a lot of scientific research to do. If you're an instant－gratification type of person, this may not be the best choice for you.Ethical (道德的) qualitiesIn order to truly discover and use knowledge for the greater good, a scientist must have a desire to improve people's life as well as the environment, since they are linked and they can affect one another in the long run. __4__ Sticking to an old belief contradicted with evidence is dishonest. However, that belief shouldn't be changed without powerful evidence.Working habits__5__ He/She can work well alone or in groups, depending on what's needed and also needs to communicate thoughts on paper and verbally. Networking connects him/her with colleagues working on similar projects where he/she may discover something new.A．To make discoveries, you have to think differently.B．There are very few jobs that take longer than this one.C．It also defines a scientist as someone who uses scientific methods.D．A scientist must report findings honestly regardless of personal interests or public opinions.E．One of the main places that many scientists work in is the research laboratory.F．An excellent scientist even takes notes of the smallest observation and keeps it in mind.G．Without a drive to ask questions or even wonder, a scientist will never get to the first stage of the scientific process.篇章導(dǎo)讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了一位優(yōu)秀的科學(xué)家會擁有的特別品質(zhì)和性格特點。1．答案：C解析：根據(jù)上文“The dictionary defines ... or physical science.”可知，C項(它還將科學(xué)家定義為使用科學(xué)方法的人。)承接上文，繼續(xù)講字典對科學(xué)家這一名詞的解釋和理解。故選C。2．答案：G解析：根據(jù)小標(biāo)題“Curiosity”和上文“An excellent scientist must be very curious about things.”可知，科學(xué)家要具備的一個特征就是要有好奇心。G項(如果科學(xué)家沒有發(fā)問甚至好奇的動力，就永遠無法進入科學(xué)過程的第一階段。)符合語境。故選G。3．答案：B解析：根據(jù)小標(biāo)題“Patience”和上文“Becoming a scientist takes a long time.”可知，成為科學(xué)家需要很長時間，即這需要一定的耐心。B項(很少有工作比這一項工作需要更長時間。)符合語境。故選B。4．答案：D解析：根據(jù)小標(biāo)題“Ethical (道德的) qualities”和下文“Sticking to an old belief ... without powerful evidence. (堅持與證據(jù)相矛盾的舊信念是不誠實的。然而，沒有強有力的證據(jù)，這種信念不應(yīng)該改變。)”可知，科學(xué)家要誠實，堅持真理，這是科學(xué)家道德素質(zhì)的體現(xiàn)。D項(科學(xué)家必須誠實地報告研究結(jié)果，而不考慮個人利益或公眾輿論。)引出下文。故選D。5．答案：F解析：根據(jù)小標(biāo)題“Working habits”及下文“He/She can work well alone ... on paper and verbally.(他/她可以單獨或在團隊中很好地工作，這取決于需要什么，還需要在紙上和口頭上交流想法。)”可知，本段在介紹科學(xué)家的工作習(xí)慣，F(xiàn)項(一個優(yōu)秀的科學(xué)家甚至?xí)浵伦罴毼⒌挠^察并牢記在心。)也是一種工作習(xí)慣和方式，符合本段主旨。故選F。Ⅲ 語法填空Since the pre－Qin period, Chengdu __1__ (be) an important cultural town in China. But what really sets the city apart culturally, is __2__ (it) opera. An important aspect of Sichuan Opera is __3__ magic of “face changing” where vividly coloured masks are changed within the blink of an eye. In opera gardens and tea houses across the town, audiences __4__ (want) a glimpse of the local culture love to drink tea while listening to Sichuan Opera and watching face changing.It is believed that “face changing” has its roots in development. Early humans needed survival strategies to avoid fierce animals and foreign invaders. Often, aggressive facial, gestures and __5__ (verbal) cues were part of it. The Sichuan Opera is said __6__ (bring) this range of emotions on stage.Once the performance starts, the actor keeps pulling down one mask after __7__ in swift movements to convey different emotions. __8__ (surprise), no matter how close one is __9__ the stage, they just can't tell how the masks change.In fact, the different kinds of characters and personalities that Sichuan Opera brings alive can be found among common people. This is __10__ its emotions will continue to be well received by people for a long time.1．________ 2.________ 3.________ 4.________5．________ 6.________ 7.________ 8.________9．________ 10.________篇章導(dǎo)讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了川劇中的變臉?biāo)囆g(shù)。1．答案：has been解析：考查動詞的時態(tài)和主謂一致。根據(jù)時間狀語Since the pre－Qin period可知，句子應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時，主語Chengdu是專有名詞，謂語用單數(shù)。故填has been。2．答案：its解析：考查代詞。此處修飾名詞opera，應(yīng)用形容詞性物主代詞。故填its。3．答案：the解析：考查冠詞。根據(jù)名詞magic后的介詞短語of “face changing”可知，此處表示特指，應(yīng)用定冠詞the。故填the。4．答案：wanting解析：考查非謂語動詞。句意：在全鎮(zhèn)的戲曲園和茶館里，想要了解當(dāng)?shù)匚幕挠^眾喜歡一邊喝茶，一邊聽川劇，看變臉。動詞want與其邏輯主語audiences之間是主動關(guān)系，應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在分詞作后置定語。故填wanting。5．答案：nonverbal解析：考查反義詞。句意：通常，攻擊性的面部表情、手勢和非語言暗示都是其中的一部分。設(shè)空處應(yīng)用形容詞作定語，修飾名詞cues，再根據(jù)句意可知，此處表示“非言語的”，應(yīng)用nonverbal。故填nonverbal。6．答案：to bring/to have brought解析：考查非謂語動詞。“sb/sth be said to do sth”是固定句型，意為“據(jù)說，某人/某物做某事”，其后只能用不定式作主語補足語；可以用不定式的一般式to bring，表示“把情緒帶到舞臺上”，也可以用不定式的完成式to have brought，表示“已經(jīng)把情緒帶到了舞臺上”。故填to bring/to have brought。7．答案：another解析：考查固定搭配。句意：表演一開始，演員就不停地快速摘下一個又一個面具，以傳達不同的情感。one after another是固定短語，表示“一個接一個”。故填another。8．答案：Surprisingly解析：考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。句意：令人驚訝的是，無論離舞臺多近，他們都看不出面具是如何更換的。此處修飾整個句子，應(yīng)用副詞，作狀語，意為“令人驚訝的是”，句首單詞首字母應(yīng)大寫。故填Surprisingly。9．答案：to解析：考查介詞。be close to表示“接近”，為固定搭配。故填to。10．答案：why解析：考查表語從句的連接詞。句意：這就是為什么它的情感將在很長一段時間內(nèi)繼續(xù)受到人們的歡迎。應(yīng)用連接副詞why引導(dǎo)表語從句，表示“為什么”。故填why。 精深閱讀Dr Nancy Roman, born in 1925, who was celebrated as a pioneer for female scientists and had advanced the launch of the Hubble Space Telescope, died on Dec. 25, 2018.When Nancy Roman asked for permission to take a second algebra (代數(shù)) course in high school, a teacher demanded to know “what lady would take mathematics instead of Latin”. In college, a professor admitted that he often tried to prevent women from majoring in physics but Nancy stuck to it. And after receiving Doctor's degree in astronomy, she found a professional home at NASA (美國國家航空航天局). In 1959, Dr Roman became the first chief of astronomy at NASA headquarters, a role that made her one of the agency's first female leaders.Dr Roman spent much of her career helping develop, fund and promote technology that would help scientists see more clearly beyond Earth's atmosphere. But her most well－known work was perhaps leading to design the Hubble Space Telescope, the first major telescope to be sent into space for the purpose of gathering photographs and data from the universe. She was, therefore, named as “the mother of Hubble”．“She made it possible to get the early telescope up into space to learn what needed to be learned，” said science historian Bob Zimmerman, and her hard－nosed nature helped get the telescope built.The telescope did not launch until 1990, a little more than a decade after Dr Roman retired, but when it did, its photographs of the universe thrilled the world. “I am glad，\” she once told Science, “I ignored the people who told me that I could not be an astronomer.”篇章導(dǎo)讀：本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了Nancy Roman (南希·羅曼)摒棄他人偏見，成為一名天文學(xué)家的故事。1．What can we conclude from the teacher's reaction to Nancy Roman's application for taking a second algebra course A．The teacher doubted it.B．The teacher didn't care about it.C．The teacher accepted it at once.D．The teacher was strongly against it.答案：A解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中的“When Nancy Roman asked for permission ... instead of Latin’．(當(dāng)南希·羅曼請求在高中選修第二門代數(shù)課程時，一位老師想知道‘哪位女士會選修數(shù)學(xué)而不是拉丁語’。)”可推知，老師的反應(yīng)說明他對此表示懷疑。故選A。2．What was the most famous achievement of Nancy Roman's work A．She was one of the founders of NASA.B．She proved the black hole really existed.C．She was the first female astronomer in the world.D．She led to design the Hubble Space Telescope.答案：D解析：細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的“But her most well known work ... from the universe. (但她最著名的工作可能是領(lǐng)導(dǎo)設(shè)計了哈勃太空望遠鏡，這是第一臺被送入太空的大型望遠鏡，目的是收集來自宇宙的照片和數(shù)據(jù)。)”可知，Nancy Roman最著名的成就是領(lǐng)導(dǎo)設(shè)計了哈勃太空望遠鏡。故選D。3．When did Dr Nancy Roman probably retire A．In 1969. B．In 1979.C．In 1990. D．In 2000.答案：B解析：細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“The telescope did not launch ... after Dr Roman retired(這臺望遠鏡直到1990年才發(fā)射，也就是羅曼博士退休十多年后)”可知，哈勃望遠鏡于1990年發(fā)射，她于10多年前退休，也就是在七十年代退休的。故選B。4．What can we learn from Dr Nancy Roman's words in the last paragraph A．She was very proud of what she had done for the country.B．She thought highly of the people who hadn't believed her.C．She was delighted to have become an astronomer in spite of the prejudice on her.D．She had hard nosed nature and never cared about other people's opinions.答案：C解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“‘I am glad ... an astronomer.’(‘我很高興，’她曾經(jīng)對《科學(xué)》雜志說，‘我沒有理會那些告訴我我不能成為天文學(xué)家的人。’)”可推知，盡管人們對她存有偏見，她還是很高興成了一名天文學(xué)家。故選C。精深閱讀——好詞句小練(一)熱詞1．pioneer n. 先鋒；拓荒者2．female adj. 女性的；婦女的3．launch n．& v. 發(fā)射；發(fā)動，發(fā)起4．permission n. 準(zhǔn)許；許可5．professional adj. 職業(yè)的；專業(yè)的(二)高頻短語1．demand__to__do__sth 要求做某事2．prevent__sb__from__doing__sth 阻止某人做某事3．major in 主修4．stick to 堅持5．for__the__purpose__of 出于……的目的(三)根據(jù)語境填入恰當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容1．He was thrilled (thrill) at the prospect of seeing them again.2．In addition, he served as a visiting professor (profession) at several American universities.3．She has set a shining example of loyal service over four decades (decade)．(四)寫出下列句子中黑體部分的漢語釋義1．Dishonesty is foreign to his nature. 本性2．Hard work and determination can make it possible to achieve your goals. 使……成為可能3．She refused to take on the traditional woman's role.地位(五)用方框中單詞的正確形式替換下列句子中的黑體部分1．It's amazing how people collect so much stuff over the years. gather2．My older secretary has threatened to leave.retire3．Everyone can greatly improve the quality of life.promote(六)長難句分析 “She made it possible to get the early telescope up into space to learn what needed to be learned，” said science historian Bob Zimmerman.句意：科學(xué)歷史學(xué)家鮑勃·齊默爾曼說：“她使得把早期的望遠鏡送入太空，去了解需要了解的東西成為可能。”分析：句子主干She made it possible to ... into space是“主＋謂＋賓＋賓補”結(jié)構(gòu)。it作形式賓語，真正的賓語是不定式短語to__get__the__early__telescope__up__into__space__to__learn__what__needed__to__be__learned；what引導(dǎo)賓語從句。(七)根據(jù)所給漢語，完成下列句子1．Shanghai is one__of__the__first__cities (首批城市之一) in China to see bike sharing fever.2．Try__to__figure__out (試著找出) what feeling underlies your anger.(八)仿寫句子 The students who are most successful are usually the ones who come to all the classes.(定語從句)仿寫：能俯瞰湖泊的房子要價高些。Houses__which__overlook__the__lake__cost__more.課后課時作業(yè)(二)較易題(占比50%) 中檔題(占比50%) 拔高題(占比0%)題號 A B難度 ★ ★★閱讀A(新課標(biāo)Ⅰ卷)In the race to document the species on Earth before they go extinct, researchers and citizen scientists have collected billions of records. Today, most records of biodiversity are often in the form of photos, videos, and other digital records. Though they are useful for detecting shifts in the number and variety of species in an area, a new Stanford study has found that this type of record is not perfect.“With the rise of technology it is easy for people to make observations of different species with the aid of a mobile application，” said Barnabas Daru, who is lead author of the study and assistant professor of biology in the Stanford School of Humanities and Sciences. “These observations now outnumber the primary data that comes from physical specimens (標(biāo)本), and since we are increasingly using observational data to investigate how species are responding to global change, I wanted to know: Are they usable？”Using a global dataset of 1.9 billion records of plants, insects, birds, and animals, Daru and his team tested how well these data represent actual global biodiversity patterns.“We were particularly interested in exploring the aspects of sampling that tend to bias (使有偏差) data, like the greater likelihood of a citizen scientist to take a picture of a flowering plant instead of the grass right next to it，” said Daru.Their study revealed that the large number of observation only records did not lead to better global coverage. Moreover, these data are biased and favor certain regions, time periods, and species. This makes sense because the people who get observational biodiversity data on mobile devices are often citizen scientists recording their encounters with species in areas nearby. These data are also biased toward certain species with attractive or eye catching features.What can we do with the imperfect datasets of biodiversity “Quite a lot，” Daru explained. “Biodiversity apps can use our study results to inform users of oversampled areas and lead them to places—and even species—that are not well sampled. To improve the quality of observational data, biodiversity apps can also encourage users to have an expert confirm the identification of their uploaded image.”篇章導(dǎo)讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章探究了生物樣本數(shù)據(jù)的可用性，指出了實證研究發(fā)現(xiàn)的問題并提出了提高數(shù)據(jù)質(zhì)量的措施。1．What do we know about the records of species collected now A．They are becoming outdated.B．They are mostly in electronic form.C．They are limited in number.D．They are used for public exhibition.答案：B解析：細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的“Today, most records ... other digital records.”可知，現(xiàn)在，大多數(shù)生物多樣性的記錄通常以照片、視頻和其他的數(shù)字記錄形式存在，即它們大多是電子形式的。故選B。2．What does Daru's study focus on A．Threatened species. B．Physical specimens.C．Observational data. D．Mobile applications.答案：C解析：細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“we are increasingly ... to global change”可知，Daru (達魯)及其團隊使用觀察數(shù)據(jù)來研究物種是如何對全球變化作出回應(yīng)的，由此可知，Daru的研究關(guān)注觀察數(shù)據(jù)。故選C。3．What has led to the biases according to the study A．Mistakes in data analysis.B．Poor quality of uploaded pictures.C．Improper way of sampling.D．Unreliable data collection devices.答案：C解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段中的“We were particularly interested ... instead of the grass right next to it”可知，研究人員對探索可能導(dǎo)致數(shù)據(jù)偏差的采樣的方面特別感興趣，比如公民科學(xué)家很有可能只拍開花植物而不拍它旁邊的青草。由此可推知，采樣方式的不當(dāng)會導(dǎo)致數(shù)據(jù)偏差。故選C。4．What is Daru's suggestion for biodiversity apps A．Review data from certain areas.B．Hire experts to check the records.C．Confirm the identity of the users.D．Give guidance to citizen scientists.答案：D解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段可知，生物多樣性應(yīng)用程序可以引導(dǎo)采樣人員關(guān)注采樣不足的地方或者物種，鼓勵他們讓專家確認(rèn)上傳樣本圖片中的物種名稱。由此可推知，Daru建議生物多樣性程序給公民科學(xué)家提供指導(dǎo)。故選D。BHe Zehui, a Chinese nuclear (核能的) physicist, achieved great things in physics and became an outstanding scientist.Her family is famous for producing three famous women scientists, including her two sisters. She graduated from Tsinghua University in 1936 with a degree in physics, and then went on to study at the Technical University of Berlin, where she was the top in her class, outperforming her future husband Qian Sanqiang—China's “father of the atomic bomb”. In 1940, she earned a doctor's degree in Engineering.The couple made great discoveries in the field of uranium fission (鈾核裂變), which drew global attention and gained them worldwide recognition, marking a milestone in the development of China's experimental fission physics. Many Western media called the couple the “Marie Curie and Pierre Curie of China”．As one of the pioneers in nuclear science and technology in China, Professor He contributed a great deal to nuclear physics. During the 1950s, she started the research and development of nuclear emulsions (核乳膠) in China and their research reached the advanced world level at that time. He and her research group took the lead in building China's first nuclear reactor and accelerator (加速器). She was awarded the first Award of the National Prize of Natural Sciences for making outstanding achievements in supporting the national program of nuclear weapon development.Throughout her career, He went through many difficulties, and was always on the front lines of China's science related work. She published dozens of papers yet placed little value on personal fame. The world's top physicists recognized her as a famous scientist, “Chinese Madame Curie”.He passed away in Beijing in 2011 at the age of 97, nearly 20 years after Qian Sanqiang. She devoted herself to science, living a simple life, always instructing young researchers and maintaining the highest standards that she had always valued. She loved her country and science; to both she is now an example.篇章導(dǎo)讀：本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了“中國的居里夫人”何澤慧及其成就。5．What is the focus of Paragraph 2 about He Zehui A．Identity background.B．Character personalities.C．Education experiences.D．Profession abilities.答案：C解析：段落大意題。根據(jù)第二段中的“She graduated ... in Engineering.(1936年，她畢業(yè)于清華大學(xué)，獲得物理學(xué)學(xué)位，然后前往柏林工業(yè)大學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)，在那里她是班上的第一名，超過了她未來的丈夫——中國的‘原子彈之父’錢三強。1940年，她獲得了工程學(xué)博士學(xué)位。)”可知，本段主要講述了何澤慧的教育經(jīng)歷。故選C。6．What do we know about Qian Sanqiang A．He died following his wife in 1991.B．He was also a remarkable Chinese scientist.C．He won the National Prize of Natural Sciences.D．He assisted He Zehui to develop fission physics.答案：B解析：細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“she was the top ... ‘father of the atomic bomb’”和第三段中的“The couple made ... experimental fission physics.(這對夫婦在鈾核裂變領(lǐng)域取得了重大發(fā)現(xiàn)，引起了全球的關(guān)注，并獲得了世界認(rèn)可，標(biāo)志著中國實驗裂變物理發(fā)展的一個里程碑。)”可知，錢三強也是一位杰出的中國科學(xué)家。故選B。7．Why is He Zehui acknowledged as “Chinese Marie Curie”？A．For her research of nuclear emulsions.B．For her achievements in the atomic bomb.C．For her great contributions to nuclear physics.D．For her continuous achievement in natural science.答案：C解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段中的“As one of the pioneers ... nuclear physics.”可推知，因何澤慧對中國的核物理作出了巨大貢獻，西方媒體稱其為“中國的居里夫人”。故選C。8．How can we best describe He Zehui A．Ambitious and talented.B．Unselfish and devoted.C．Imaginative and kind.D．Knowledgeable and sociable.答案：B解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“She devoted herself to science ... had always valued.(她獻身于科學(xué)，過著簡樸的生活，總是指導(dǎo)年輕的研究人員，并保持著她一直重視的最高標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。)”可推知，何澤慧淡泊名利、獻身于中國的科學(xué)事業(yè)，無私且有奉獻精神。故選B。1．extinct/Ik'stI kt/adj. 滅絕的；絕種的；消逝的2．shift/ Ift/v. 轉(zhuǎn)移；改變 n. 轉(zhuǎn)移；轉(zhuǎn)變3．outnumber/ a t'n mb (r)/v. 在數(shù)量上超過4．explore/Ik'spl (r)/v. 探索；勘查；探究5．favor/'feIv (r)/v. 偏愛；有利于 n. 恩惠；贊同6．pioneer/ paI 'nI (r)/n. 先驅(qū)；開拓者 v. 開拓；開創(chuàng)7．with the aid of ... 在……的幫助下8．contribute ... to ... 把……貢獻給……9．take the lead in ... 在……方面領(lǐng)先10．devote oneself to 致力于；獻身于 精深閱讀The 97－year－old botanist, Margaret Bradshaw, is the chief caretaker of Teesdale's rarest flowers. “Everything about Teesdale is unique，” says Bradshaw with pride—and the authority of someone who has just written a 288－page book on the subject. Bradshaw has been recording rare plants here since the early 1950s and has witnessed great decreases.Her data was the first to prove that—and the need to do something about it.The main reason for the decrease of these plants is an unusual one. The number of sheep in Teesdale had been reduced by half by 2000, as the uplands were generally believed there were too many sheep. Bradshaw says while sheep are hunted in some upland areas, reducing herding in Teesdale has been destructive. Longer grass overshadows the delicate flowers, taking away the light they need to grow. As a result of her findings and her work with farmers who herd the land—as well as Natural England, which manages it—sheep numbers are increasing and the timing of herding is being carefully managed. This has led to the partial recovery of some plants.At 93, she set up Teesdale Special Flora Research and Conservation Trust to record rare plants. As a keen horse rider, at 95, she did a 55－mile horse journey across Teesdale, raising almost $10，000 for the Trust. When asked about the secret to longevity, “Just keep going，” she says.“Keep at it.Don't sit down and just watch TV.”“I recognise I'm getting older and I've been trying to get more people to take over and do the records. They don't believe I won't be here forever，” Bradshaw says. Despite Bradshaw's guardianship of this land, and the love and energy she has put into saving it, the future here is unknown. The last words of her book speak to this endless loss. “This is our heritage, this unique plant species, mine and yours，” she writes. “In spite of trying, I have failed to prevent its decrease, now it is up to you.”篇章導(dǎo)讀：本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了97歲的植物學(xué)家Margaret Bradshaw (瑪格麗特·布拉德肖)作為提斯代爾最稀有花卉的主要看護人的故事。1．What is Margaret Bradshaw's main work with the rare plants A．Writing a book.B．Preventing their decrease.C．Collecting their data.D．Directing farmers to grow plants.答案：C解析：細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的“Bradshaw has been recording rare plants ... the need to do something about it.(布拉德肖從20世紀(jì)50年代初就開始記錄這里的珍稀植物，并見證了它們的大幅減少。她的數(shù)據(jù)是第一個證明這一點的人，也證明了對此采取措施的必要性。)”可知，Bradshaw在珍稀植物方面的主要工作是收集它們的數(shù)據(jù)。故選C。2．What contributed to the reduction of rare plants in Teesdale A．Not enough sheep.B．Lack of fund.C．Poor management.D．Too many sheep.答案：A解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中的“The main reason ... they need to grow.”可知，減少放牧導(dǎo)致草的長勢較好，較高的草遮住了嬌弱的花朵，遮擋了它們生長所需要的光。由此可推知，沒有足夠的羊?qū)е铝颂崴勾鸂栂∮兄参锏臏p少。故選A。3．What can we learn from Bradshaw's words in the last paragraph A．Unity brings strength.B．Many hands make light work.C．Youthful at heart, regardless of age.D．Advance what the forerunners began.答案：D解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“‘This is our heritage ... now it is up to you.’”可推知，從最后一段Bradshaw的話中我們能了解到，她希望推進先行者開創(chuàng)的這個事業(yè)。故選D。4．Which might be a suitable title for the text A．Teesdale: Home to Rare PlantsB．Battling for Teesdale's WildflowersC．Bradshaw: A 97－Year－Old GardenerD．Exploring Teesdale's Unique Plants答案：B解析：標(biāo)題判斷題。通讀全文可知，文章主要講述了97歲的植物學(xué)家Margaret Bradshaw是提斯代爾最稀有花卉的主要看護人，她希望讓更多的人接手這個事業(yè)。B項(為提斯代爾的稀有花卉而奮斗)適合作為文章標(biāo)題。故選B。精深閱讀——好詞句小練(一)熱詞1．record v. 記錄，記載2．witness v. 見證，目睹3．destructive adj. 破壞性的，毀滅性的4．delicate adj. 脆弱的；纖弱的5．longevity n. 長壽；壽命(二)高頻短語1．take__over 接管；控制2．put__into 投入3．in__spite__of 盡管4．fail to do sth 做某事未成功；未能做成某事5．be up to sb 取決于某人(三)根據(jù)語境填入恰當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容1．We wish Bill a speedy recovery (recover).2．I've had enough of their endless (end) arguing.3．The paintings were carefully (careful) packed in newspaper.(四)寫出下列句子中黑體部分的漢語釋義1．The building is part of our national heritage.遺產(chǎn)2．I wasn't too keen on physics and chemistry.熱衷的3．She has very good people skills and is able to manage a team. 管理(五)用方框中單詞的正確形式替換下列句子中的黑體部分1．Chopsticks are a kind of tableware with distinct national features. unique2．Apples come in a great many varieties.species3．If they merely make fewer errors, then we can cut down the practice.reduce(六)長難句分析 The number of sheep in Teesdale had been reduced by half by 2000, as the uplands were generally believed there were too many sheep.句意：到2000年，提斯代爾的羊的數(shù)量減少了一半，因為人們普遍認(rèn)為高地的羊太多了。分析：句子主干為The number of sheep had been reduced，是“主謂”結(jié)構(gòu)。 in Teesdale作sheep的后置定語。as引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句；there were too many sheep是省略了連接詞that的賓語從句。(七)根據(jù)所給漢語，完成下列句子1．I had to learn__to__work__with (學(xué)會與……合作) everyone on the crew.2．I believed you could leave the court with__pride (驕傲地).(八)仿寫句子 The snow lasted a week, resulting in serious traffic confusion in the whole area. (現(xiàn)在分詞(短語)作結(jié)果狀語)仿寫：他走出房間時衣服穿得很少，漸漸地感到有些冷了。He__went__out__of__the__room__with__few__clothes__on,__gradually__feeling__a__little__cold.37(共145張PPT)WELCOME UNITUNIT 1 SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTS單元主題：人與自我/人與社會——科學(xué)與科學(xué)精神Section Ⅰ Reading and Thinking預(yù)習(xí)檢測 單詞打卡自主學(xué)習(xí) 課文語篇目錄CONTENTS12合作探究 課時重點3對點練習(xí) 鞏固所學(xué)4課后課時作業(yè)（一）5課后課時作業(yè)（二）6預(yù)習(xí)檢測 單詞打卡一、閱讀單詞及詞塊：寫出漢語含義1．cholera n. ______2．diarrhoea n. ______3．dehydration n. ______4．germ n. _____________________5．pump n. ____________________6．water pump ______7．household n. ____________________________________8．substantial adj. ____________________________霍亂腹瀉脫水微生物；細菌；病菌泵；抽水機；打氣筒水泵一家人；家庭；同住一所(套)房子的人大量的；價值巨大的；重大的9．statistic n. _____________________________10．epidemiology n. __________11．microscope n. ________統(tǒng)計數(shù)字；統(tǒng)計資料；統(tǒng)計學(xué)流行病學(xué)顯微鏡二、高頻單詞：寫出英文單詞1．_________ adj. 懊惱的；沮喪的；失意的2．____________ adj. 相互矛盾的；對立的；不一致的3．_________ vi. 認(rèn)購(股份)；定期訂購；定期交納(會費)4．________ adj. 數(shù)量多的；多種多樣的5．_______ vt.& vi. 懷疑；疑有；不信任 n. 犯罪嫌疑人；可疑對象6．______ vt. 把……歸咎于；責(zé)怪；指責(zé) n. 責(zé)備；指責(zé)7．____ n. 聯(lián)系；紐帶 vt. 把……連接起來；相關(guān)聯(lián)frustratedcontradictorysubscribemultiplesuspectblamelink8．____ adj. 未煮的；生的；未經(jīng)處理的；原始的9．________ n. 減少；降低；減少量 vt.& vi. (使大小、數(shù)量等)減少；減小；降低10．__________ vt. 使改觀；使改變形態(tài) vi. 改變；轉(zhuǎn)變rawdecreasetransform三、拓展單詞：寫出下列單詞的詞性轉(zhuǎn)換(可查字典)1．severe adj. 極為惡劣的；十分嚴(yán)重的；嚴(yán)厲的→________ adv. 極為惡劣地；十分嚴(yán)重地；嚴(yán)厲地→________ n. 嚴(yán)重；嚴(yán)厲2．infect vt. 使感染；傳染→_________ n. 感染；傳染→_________ adj.傳染的→________ adj. 被感染的3．proof n. 證據(jù)；證明；檢驗→______ vt. 證明，證實4．intervention n. 介入；出面；干涉→_________ vi. 干擾；介入5．pure adj. 干凈的；純的；純粹的→______ adv. 完全地；純粹地→______ vt. 凈化；使……潔凈→______ n. 純凈；純粹severelyseverityinfectioninfectiousinfectedproveintervenepurelypurifypurity四、熟詞生義：寫出熟義handle [熟義] n. ________________vt. ___________[生義] v. (用手)觸，拿，搬動；操縱 n. 網(wǎng)名；賬號(流行語)把手；拉手；柄處理；應(yīng)對五、核心短語：寫出英語表達1．______________ 最終地；徹底地2．___________ 同意；贊同3．_________ 幸虧；由于once and for allsubscribe tothanks to自主學(xué)習(xí) 課文語篇課文三維剖析溫馨提示：堅持自主學(xué)習(xí)“課文三維剖析”，走進來，揣摩它，復(fù)利思維，你會收獲一個語法通！JOHN SNOW DEFEATS “KING CHOLERA”約翰·斯諾戰(zhàn)勝“霍亂王”Cholera used to be one of the mostfeared diseases in the world, until aBritish doctor, John Snow, showed howit could be overcome1. This illnesscauses severe diarrhoea, dehydration, andeven death. In the early 19th century2 , when3 an outbreak of cholera hit Europe, millions of people died from the disease. As a young doctor4,1 until引導(dǎo)__________從句；how it could be overcome作showed的_____；John Snow是a British doctor的________2 時間狀語3 引導(dǎo)____________從句4 方式狀語時間狀語賓語同位語非限制性定語John Snow became frustrated because5 no one knew how to prevent or treat cholera6. In time, he rose to become a famous doctor, and7 even attended to Queen Victoria when8 she gave birth. However, he never lost his desire to destroy cholera9 once and for all.5 引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句6 疑問詞＋不定式短語，作knew的_____7 連接并列謂語動詞8 引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句9 desire的__________賓語后置定語在英國醫(yī)生約翰·斯諾向人們展示如何戰(zhàn)勝霍亂之前，霍亂曾是世界上最令人恐懼的疾病之一。它可導(dǎo)致嚴(yán)重腹瀉、脫水甚至死亡。十九世紀(jì)初，霍亂暴發(fā)，肆虐歐洲，數(shù)百萬人喪命。由于當(dāng)時無人知道如何預(yù)防或治療霍亂，年輕的約翰·斯諾醫(yī)生很沮喪。后來，他成了一位名醫(yī)，甚至照料分娩的維多利亞女王。然而，他始終沒有放棄徹底根除霍亂的愿望。10 ________語11 doctors的__________12 theories的后置定語；how cholera spread作explain的_____13 引導(dǎo)______從句14 引導(dǎo)______從句15 infection的后置定語16 連接并列分句17 ________語18 引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句In general10, doctors in those days11 had two contradictory theories to explain how cholera spread12. One theory was that13 bad air caused the disease.The other was that14 cholera was caused by an infection from germs in food or water15. Snow subscribed to the second theory. It was correct, but16 he still needed proof. Consequently17 , when18 an outbreak of cholera hit London in 1854,插入/狀后置定語賓語表語表語插入/狀19 第一個that引導(dǎo)______從句； so ... that ... 引導(dǎo)________從句20 determine sb to do sth “使某人下決心做某事”，to do sth作______；sb be determined to do sth中，to do sth作______Snow began to investigate. He discovered that in two particular streets the cholera outbreak was so severe that more than 500 people died in ten days19. He was determined to find out why20.賓語關(guān)于霍亂的蔓延方式，當(dāng)時醫(yī)生大體上有兩種截然不同的看法。一種看法是空氣污染引發(fā)，另一種看法是食物或飲用水中的細菌感染導(dǎo)致霍亂。斯諾贊同第二種看法。這一看法是正確的，但他仍需要證據(jù)。因此，1854年倫敦暴發(fā)霍亂時，斯諾便開始調(diào)查。他發(fā)現(xiàn)霍亂疫情在兩條街道上尤為嚴(yán)重，十天內(nèi)就有500多人死亡。他決心查明原因。結(jié)果狀語賓補主補21 ______狀語22 where引導(dǎo)______從句，修飾places；who died是______從句，修飾those23 _____狀語24 _____狀語25 連接兩個并列_____26 water的_________27 引導(dǎo)_____從句Snow began by marking on a map the exact places21where all those who died had lived22. There were multiple deaths near the water pump in Broad Street23 (especially house numbers 16, 37, 38, and 40). However, some households (such as 20 and 21 Broad Street, and 8 and 9 Cambridge Street) had had no deaths. These people worked in the pub at 7 Cambridge Street24. They had been given free beer, and25 so had not drunk the water from the pump26.Snow suspected that27 the water pump was to blame.方式定語定語地點地點謂語后置定語賓語28 ______語29 地點狀語30 ______狀語31 It seemed that ... “似乎……”，為固定句式32 so ... that ... 引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句33 have sth done結(jié)構(gòu)，delivered為過去分詞作it的____What is more28 , in another part of London29 , a woman and her daughter had died of cholera after moving away from Broad Street30. It seemed that31 the woman liked the water from the pump so much that32 she had it delivered33 to her house every day.As a result of this evidence34 , John Snow was able to announce that35 the pump water carried cholera germs. Accordingly36，he had the handle of the pump removed37 so that38 it could not be used. Through this intervention, the disease was stopped in its tracks.插入時間賓補34 _____狀語35 引導(dǎo)賓語從句36 ________語37 have sth done結(jié)構(gòu)，過去分詞作______38 引導(dǎo)__________從句斯諾首先在地圖上標(biāo)出所有死者住所的確切位置。寬街水泵附近有多例死亡(尤其是16號、37號、38號及40號住宅)，但是有些住戶(如寬街20號和21號以及劍橋街8號和9號)卻無人死亡。這些幸存者在劍橋街7號的酒吧工作，酒吧為他們提供免費啤酒，因此沒有喝水泵抽上來的水。斯諾懷疑水泵就是罪魁禍?zhǔn)住４送猓趥惗?br/>原因的另一個區(qū)域，一名婦女和她的女兒從寬街搬來后死于霍亂。該婦女似乎非常喜歡從水泵抽上來的水，每天都讓人從那里打水運到家里來。有了這個證據(jù)，約翰·斯諾就能夠宣布水泵抽上來的水?dāng)y帶霍亂病菌。于是，他讓人拆掉了水泵的把手，這樣水泵就用不成了。這一干預(yù)舉措遏制了疾病的蔓延。插入/狀賓補目的狀語39 ______從句40 link的后置定語41 介詞短語from the River Thames作water的__________；that引導(dǎo)定語從句，修飾________________42 定語從句，修飾people43 定語從句，修飾thoseThe truth was that the water from the Broad Street pump had been infected by waste39. Moreover, Snow was later able to show a link between other cases of cholera and the different water companies in London40. Some companies sold water from the River Thames that was polluted by raw waste41. The people who drank this water42 were much more likely to get cholera than those who drank pure or boiled water43.表語后置定語the River Thames事情的真相是寬街水泵抽上來的水被廢棄物污染了。此外，斯諾之后還證明了另外幾起霍亂病例與倫敦多家飲用水公司有關(guān)。有些公司出售的水取自未被處理的廢棄物污染的泰晤士河。與飲用純凈水或開水的人相比，飲用被污染的水的人更容易染上霍亂。44 ______狀語45 動詞不定式短語作began的______46 連接__________47 threat的后置定語48 ______ 狀語49 people的后置定語50 疑問詞＋不定式短語作____51 ______狀語Through Snow's tireless efforts44 , water companies began to sell clean water45 , and46 the threat of cholera47 around the world48 saw a substantial decrease. However, cholera is still a problem. Each year, millions of people around the world49 get cholera and many die from it. Fortunately, we now know how to prevent cholera50 , thanks to the work of John Snow51.賓語并列分句地點賓語原因方式52 _____狀語53 _____從句54 consider sb (to be)sb，前者sb是賓語，后者sb是_____，被動語態(tài)中，后者sb (the father of modern epidemiology)是_____Moreover, in his use of maps and statistics52 , Snow transformed the way scientists study diseases53. For this reason, Snow is considered the father of modern epidemiology54.經(jīng)過斯諾的不懈努力，飲用水公司開始出售潔凈水，世界各地霍亂的威脅大幅降低。然而，霍亂仍是問題。每年全球有數(shù)百萬人感染霍亂，其中許多人因此喪生。幸運的是，由于約翰·斯諾的努力，我們現(xiàn)在知道了如何預(yù)防霍亂。此外，通過使用地圖和數(shù)據(jù)，斯諾改變了科學(xué)家研究疾病的方式。因此，斯諾被譽為現(xiàn)代流行病學(xué)之父。方式定語賓補主補(一)填空并連線閱讀領(lǐng)悟marking on the mapthe secondcontributionsdestroy choleraTruth(二)關(guān)注銜接詞1．in the early 19th century ______________2．in time ______________________________3．in general __________4．consequently ________5．however ______6．what is more ______7．a(chǎn)s a result of ... ______在19世紀(jì)初期及時；終于；經(jīng)過一段時間之后一般來說結(jié)果是然而而且由于8．a(chǎn)ccordingly ____________9．moreover ___________10．fortunately __________11．thanks to _____12．for this reason _______________因此，所以此外，而且幸運的是由于由于這個原因(三)問題鏈1．Why was John Snow frustrated __________________________________________________________________2．How did John Snow begin his research __________________________________________________________________He couldn't find a cure for cholera.By using maps and statistics.合作探究 課時重點探究一 熱詞1.frustrated adj. 懊惱的；沮喪的；失意的(教材P2) frustrate vt.使沮喪；使懊惱；挫敗 frustrating adj. 令人懊惱的；令人沮喪的 frustration n. [U]懊喪；沮喪；挫敗 [C]令人懊喪(或懊惱、沮喪)的事物 feel frustrated at/with ... 對……感到沮喪/懊惱 in frustration 懊惱地；沮喪地①When things go wrong, all of us naturally feel disappointed and frustrated.出問題時，我們自然而然都會覺得失望和沮喪。②It frustrates me that I'm not able to put any of my ideas into practice.我的任何想法都無法付諸實踐，這讓我很沮喪。(應(yīng)用文寫作之求助信)③She couldn't stand the frustration of not being able to help.眼睜睜幫不上忙，她可受不了。(讀后續(xù)寫之人物描寫)【小小語義場】情緒類形容詞touched 感動的grateful 感激的furious 狂怒的，暴怒的depressed 抑郁的，沮喪的sorrowful 悲傷的，悲痛的jealous 妒忌的【學(xué)會運用】單句語法填空①It's _________ (frustrate) to have to wait so long.②The result, not unnaturally, was that he became more tense and increasingly __________ (frustrate).③It was a time fraught with difficulties and __________(frustrate).【學(xué)會表達】翻譯④他沮喪地把筆扔在了桌子上。____________________________________⑤沒有進展，他們感到懊惱。_________________________________________frustratingfrustratedfrustrationsHe threw his pen on the desk in frustration.They felt frustrated at/with the lack of progress.2.suspect vt.& vi. 懷疑；疑有；不信任 n. 犯罪嫌疑人；可疑對象(教材P2) suspected adj. 有嫌疑的；被懷疑的 suspicious adj. 多疑的；感覺可疑的 suspicion n. 懷疑；嫌疑；猜疑 suspect (that) ... 懷疑/認(rèn)為…… suspect sb to be ... 懷疑某人是…… suspect ... of (doing) sth 懷疑……(做了)某事 be suspicious of ... 對……懷疑①If you suspect a gas leak, do not strike a match or even turn on an electric light.假如你懷疑有煤氣泄漏，不要劃火柴，甚至連電燈都不要開。②He is the prime suspect in the case.他是這個案子的首要嫌疑人。③The police suspect him of carrying out two bomb attacks.警方懷疑他發(fā)動兩起爆炸案。【學(xué)會運用】單句語法填空①Some parents hesitate to take these steps because they suspect _____ their child is exaggerating.②He stared at that _________ broken arm with a _________ look. (suspect)【學(xué)會表達】翻譯③然而，許多科學(xué)家懷疑噪音比他們之前認(rèn)為的更危險。_____________________________________________________________________________④起初，所有的老師都懷疑他是個騙子，但結(jié)果證明他們錯了。___________________________________________________________________________thatsuspectedsuspiciousHowever, many scientists suspect that noise is a greater danger than they previously believed.All the teachers suspected him to be a cheat at first, but it turned out that they were wrong.3.blame vt. 把……歸咎于；責(zé)怪；指責(zé) n. 責(zé)備；指責(zé)(教材P2) blame sb for sth 因某事而責(zé)備某人 blame sth on sb 把某事怪到某人頭上 be to blame (for ...) 應(yīng)該(為……)負責(zé)任；該(因……)受責(zé)備 take the blame for ... 對……負責(zé) put/lay the blame (for sth) on sb (把某事)歸咎于某人身上①Police are blaming the accident on Jack due to his dangerous driving.警方把事故原因歸咎于杰克危險駕駛。②She was partly to blame for failing to look as she crossed the road.她橫穿馬路時沒有看車，應(yīng)承擔(dān)部分責(zé)任。③He decided to take the blame for the team's failure.他決定為團隊的失敗承擔(dān)責(zé)任。be to blame 短語中的blame不能用被動形式，該短語為主動形式表示被動含義。【學(xué)會運用】單句語法填空①I don't blame him ___ getting angry—she's being really annoying.②Anything that goes wrong in the office is blamed ___ Pete.【學(xué)會表達】完成句子③每當(dāng)出了問題，他總是試圖將責(zé)任歸咎于別人。He always tries to ________________________ when something goes wrong.④如果你丟掉了工作，你只能怪你自己。If you lose your job, you'll only ____________________.foronlay/put the blame on othershave yourself to blame4.link n. 聯(lián)系；紐帶 vt. 把……連接起來；相關(guān)聯(lián)(教材 P3) a link between ... (and ...) ……(與……)之間的聯(lián)系/紐帶 a link with sb/sth 與某人/某物的紐帶/聯(lián)系 link A to/with B 將A與B聯(lián)系/連接起來 link ... with ... 將……與……相連①Despite living in different countries, the two families have maintained close links.盡管生活在不同的國家，這兩個家庭仍然保持著密切的聯(lián)系。②There's a direct link between diet and heart disease.日常飲食與心臟病有直接的關(guān)系。(健康生活)③The Channel Tunnel links Britain with the rest of Europe.英吉利海峽隧道把英國和歐洲其他國家連接起來了。【學(xué)會運用】單句語法填空①The hearts of the people of all the nationalities are linked _______ each other.②Social customs provide a vital link ________ generations.【學(xué)會表達】翻譯③The old Silk Road linked China with the West in ancient times.________________________________________to/withbetween古絲綢之路在古代把中國和西方聯(lián)系起來。5.decrease n. 減少；降低；減少量 vt.& vi. (使大小、數(shù)量等)減少；減小；降低(教材P3) a decrease in ... 在……方面減少 on the decrease 在減少 decrease to ... 減少到…… decrease by ... 減少了…… decrease from ... to ... 從……減少到……①There could be a slight decrease in his weight but he eats too much.他的體重可能略有下降，但他還是吃得很多。②The number of poor men is on the decrease as the economy is growing.隨著經(jīng)濟發(fā)展，貧困人口數(shù)量正在減少。③The temperature will decrease from 25 degrees Celsius to 15 degrees Celsius tomorrow.明天氣溫將從25攝氏度降至15攝氏度。 increase n．& v. 增加，增多 on the increase 在增加 increase by ... 增加了…… increase to ... 增加到…… an increase in ... 在……方面增加【學(xué)會運用】單句語法填空①Plants decreased ____ 28 percent over 40 years.②Last year there was a 20% decrease ____ his earnings.③The new law has come into effect, and the number of wild animals here is ____ the increase now.【學(xué)會表達】翻譯④他的身高增加了2.5厘米。____________________________⑤和去年相比，今年小麥的價格已降低了20%。________________________________________________________________His height increased by 2.5 cm.Compared with last year, the price of wheat has decreased by 20% this year.byinon1．infect vt. 使感染；傳染→infection n. 感染；傳染→infectious adj. 傳染的→infected adj. 被感染的I was infected with a serious infectious disease, and the infection caused me to transform into an infectious agent.我感染了一種嚴(yán)重的傳染病，這種感染使我變成了一個傳染源。2．proof n. 證據(jù)；證明；檢驗→prove vt. 證明，證實They have proof to prove the theory about the big bang.他們有證據(jù)證明大爆炸理論。【學(xué)會運用】單句語法填空①Cholera is a bacterial ________ (infect)．②Can you provide any ______ (prove) of identity 【學(xué)會表達】翻譯③我要有一些證據(jù)以后才提出控告。__________________________________________________④一瞬間，我被她的恐懼所感染。(讀后續(xù)寫之心理描寫)___________________________________infectionproofI don't want to make an accusation until I have some proof.For an instant I was infected by her fear.handle[熟義] n. 把手；拉手；柄 vt. 處理；應(yīng)對[生義] v. _________________________n. ___________________(用手)觸，拿，搬動；操縱網(wǎng)名；賬號(流行語)①I turned the handle and found the door was open.我轉(zhuǎn)了一下門把手，發(fā)現(xiàn)門開著。②She admitted to herself she didn't know how to handle the problem.她心里承認(rèn)自己不知道該如何處理這個問題。③Our cat hates being handled.我們的貓不喜歡被人摸弄。④He knows how to handle the machine.他知道如何操作這臺機器。⑤You probably know me by my handle.你可能熟悉我的網(wǎng)名。【學(xué)會運用】同義詞替換①His handle is @Fareast George.______________【學(xué)會表達】翻譯②We were worried she wouldn't be able to handle it, but she came through in the end._________________________________________________③The car handles well in any weather.___________________________________④你接觸化學(xué)藥品時必須小心。_______________________________________network account我們擔(dān)心她沒有能力處理那件事，然而她最終成功了。這輛車在任何天氣下開起來都很靈便。You must be careful when handling chemicals.探究二 短語thanks to 幸虧；由于(教材P3)其他相關(guān)同義短語： because of 因為，由于 due to 因為，由于 owing to 由于，因為 on account of 由于，因為 as a result of 作為……的結(jié)果，由于①Thanks to your help, we finished the project on time.由于你的幫助，我們按時完成了這個項目。(應(yīng)用文寫作之感謝信)②(浙江高考1月)Due to the lack of scientific proof concerning their impacts, no one has succeeded in winning a lawsuit against cloud seeding companies.由于缺乏有關(guān)其影響的科學(xué)證據(jù)，沒有人成功地贏得對人工降雨公司的訴訟。③She retired early on account of ill health.她因為體弱多病而早早地退休了。④(新課標(biāo)Ⅱ卷)Program evaluations show that kids eat more vegetables as a result of the classes.項目評估顯示，孩子們因為上這些課程而吃了更多的蔬菜。【學(xué)會運用】單句語法填空①He walked slowly because ___ his bad leg.②Thanks ___ a new directive, food labelling will be more specific.③The team's success was largely due ___ her efforts.【學(xué)會表達】完成句子④由于下雨，比賽取消了。_______________________________________________________, the match was cancelled.⑤多虧了那份工作，我才成了一個喜歡閱讀的人。________________, I became an avid reader.oftotoOwing to/Because of/Due to/On account of/As a result of the rainThanks to the job探究三 長難句分析It seemed that the woman liked the water from the pump so much that she had it delivered to her house every day. (教材P2)該婦女似乎非常喜歡從水泵抽上來的水，每天都讓人從那里打水運到家里來。【分析】 It seems that ... “好像……”，是固定句式；so ... that ... “如此……以至于……”，引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句，在該從句中had it delivered為“have＋賓語＋賓補”結(jié)構(gòu)。(1)It seems that ... 相似句型： It appears that ... 好像…… It happens that ... 碰巧…… It turns out that ... 結(jié)果是……；證明是……(2)so ... that ... 引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句： so＋形容詞/副詞＋that ... so＋形容詞＋a/an＋可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)＋that ... so＋many/few＋可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)＋that ... so＋much/little (少)＋不可數(shù)名詞＋that ...(3)such ... that ... 引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句： such＋a/an＋形容詞＋可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)＋that ... such＋adj.＋不可數(shù)名詞＋that ... such＋adj.＋可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)＋that ...①It seems that everyone else has known the news except me.好像除了我以外其他人都已經(jīng)知道了這個消息。②Fortunately, it happened that no student was in the building when the earthquake broke out.幸運的是，地震發(fā)生時大樓里碰巧沒有學(xué)生。(自然災(zāi)害)③(新課標(biāo)Ⅱ卷)Some students get so interested in gardening that they bring home seeds to start their own vegetable gardens.有些學(xué)生對園藝非常感興趣，于是他們把種子帶回家建立自己的菜園。④There was so few guests that the host felt very sad.賓客如此少，主人感到很傷心。⑤There was so much snow on the road that the cars couldn't move fast.路上雪很多，小汽車跑不快。(讀后續(xù)寫之場景描寫)⑥It is such a heavy box that I can't lift it.這是一個很重的箱子，我抬不起來。⑦He made such rapid progress that he was praised by his teacher and his parents.他進步如此之快，受到了老師和父母的表揚。(校園生活)⑧So delicious is the food that you don't need much of it to make you happy.食物如此美味，你不需要太多就能讓你快樂。(健康生活)在so ... that ... 和such ... that ... 引導(dǎo)的結(jié)果狀語從句中，so, such連同它所直接修飾的成分共同位于句首表示強調(diào)時，主句要用部分倒裝。【學(xué)會運用】單句語法填空①He has _____ a high opinion of himself that criticism flows off him like water off a duck's back.②There is ___ little time left that we must hurry.③__ seems that he likes his new job.【學(xué)會表達】句式升級④Light travels so fast that we can hardly imagine its speed.→____________________ that we can hardly imagine its speed.suchsoItSo fast does light travel對點練習(xí) 鞏固所學(xué)維度一 高頻詞匯(一)寫出下列單詞和短語的英文1．________ n. 感染；傳染2．____________ adj. 相互矛盾的；對立的；不一致的3．_____ adj. 干凈的；純的；純粹的4．________ n. 減少；降低；減少量 vt.& vi. (使大小、數(shù)量等)減少；減小；降低5．_______ adj. 極為惡劣的；十分嚴(yán)重的；嚴(yán)厲的6．___________ 同意；贊同infectioncontradictorypuredecreaseseveresubscribe to7．______________ 最終地；徹底地8．________ 幸虧；由于9．________________ 使……變成……10．__________ 應(yīng)該受到責(zé)備；應(yīng)該負責(zé)(二)寫出下列句子中加黑部分的漢語釋義1．This information is only raw data and will need further analysis._______2．We made multiple copies of the report.__________3．She had become increasingly frustrated with her life.________4．She was my only link with the past._____5．I wasn't sure if I could handle such a powerful car.______once and for allthanks totransform ... into ...be to blame原始的數(shù)量多的沮喪的聯(lián)系操控維度二 語境運用(三)根據(jù)語境填入恰當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容1．The risk of _________ (infect) is appreciably higher among children.2．Seven miles of track were installed to link the hotel _______ the golf course.3．Who did the man suspect ___ stealing his axe 4．I'm pretty deskbound, which is very __________ (frustrate).5．It was all a great success—thanks ___ a lot of hard work.infectionto/withoffrustratingto(四)用方框中單詞的正確形式替換下列句子中的加黑部分1．The methods are many and various.________2．The air was sweet and clean._____3．Prices vary according to the type of room you require.__________4．We found further scientific evidence for this theory. ______5．There has been some reduction in unemployment. ________multipletransform, pure, decrease, multiple, proofpuretransformproofdecrease維度三 能力提升(五)長難句分析(浙江高考1月)Hoping to impress some talented actors to come and work for me for nothing, I spread some throws over the sofas and lit candles to make it seem a bit more “young professional”.分析：句子主干是_______________________________，是“主謂賓”結(jié)構(gòu)。spread和lit是__________，to make ... 是不定式短語作__________，make it seem a bit more ... 是“_________________”結(jié)構(gòu)。Hoping to ... 是現(xiàn)在分詞短語作伴隨狀語。I spread some throws and lit candles并列謂語目的狀語make＋賓語＋賓補(六)句型轉(zhuǎn)換1．I was so nervous that I could hardly tell which direction was left.→________________ that I could hardly tell which direction was left.2．We have had to raise our prices because costs are rising.→We have had to raise our prices ____________________．because of rising costsSo nervous was I維度四 素養(yǎng)提升(七)根據(jù)所給漢語，完成下列句子1．I do not ______________(責(zé)怪他們) trying to make some money.2．I do not ___________(同意) that view at all.3．We have to resolve this matter ______________(徹底地)．(八)翻譯1．總的說來，我同意你說的話。(in general)______________________________2．你可能會感到焦慮并且有壓力。(be likely to)_____________________________________blame them forsubscribe toonce and for allIn general, I agree to what you said.You're likely to feel anxious and pressured.課后課時作業(yè)（一）較易題(占比70%) 中檔題(占比30%) 拔高題(占比0%)溫馨提示：豐富的語料是寫作的源泉，與其單獨背那些枯燥的熱詞佳句，不如在閱讀語境中輕松記憶語篇題中的黑體(除標(biāo)題和設(shè)題外)語句，日積月累，悄然完成遷移，提升寫作。題號 Ⅰ Ⅱ Ⅲ難度 ★ ★★ ★Ⅰ 完形填空Farming and GardeningAgriculture has a long history in China. Much of the wisdom __1__ by early Chinese scientists is still useful for farmers and gardeners today. One of China's early agricultural scientists was Jia Sixie, who lived in the sixth century AD. He spent his time doing __2__ into agriculture. He collected information, studied it, did experiments and learnt from the __3__ of farmers.Around 540 AD, he wrote a book called Qimin Yaoshu. The book is about both farming and __4__. It includes advice on the following __5__： growing green vegetables and fruit trees, and keeping animals. Jia Sixie's book is a practical guide for farming. Firstly, as a farmer you should do things at the right time of the year. If you sow seeds and __6__ young plants in the fields at the correct time of the year, your work will be less and __7__ will be better. The __8__ of the soil is also very important. Examine the soil on your farm __9__. If the condition of your soil is not good, you should improve it. Before sowing or planting crops, you must clean rough ground and __10__ weeds. The best harvest is reached when farmers __11__ the crops in their fields. For example, do not plant rice __12__ in the same field. But if you plant rice in a field one year and wheat in the field the next year, you will __13__ good crops.篇章導(dǎo)讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了我國古代農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)家賈思勰對我國古代農(nóng)業(yè)的研究和貢獻。他的耕種方法對我國古代農(nóng)業(yè)起了重要的指導(dǎo)作用。Other scientists said that wheat should be planted with __14__ between the plants, but Jia did experiments and __15__ that planting wheat close together was better.1．A.recovered B．discoveredC．reported D．impressed解析：句意：中國早期科學(xué)家發(fā)現(xiàn)的許多智慧對如今的農(nóng)民和園丁仍然有用。recover 恢復(fù)；discover 發(fā)現(xiàn)；report 報告；impress 使印象深刻。故選B。2．A.research B．theoryC．experiment D．statistics解析： research 研究；theory 理論；experiment 實驗；statistics 統(tǒng)計資料。根據(jù)后文“He collected information ... __3__ of farmers.”可知，此處指他把時間花在研究農(nóng)業(yè)上。故選A。3．A.adventure B．experienceC．tradition D．a(chǎn)ssociation解析： adventure 冒險；experience 經(jīng)驗；tradition 傳統(tǒng)；association 協(xié)會。根據(jù)前文“He collected information, studied it, did experiments”可知，他從農(nóng)民的經(jīng)驗中學(xué)習(xí)。故選B。4．A.nursing B．producingC．gardening D．trading解析： nursing 護理；producing 生產(chǎn)；gardening 園藝；trading 貿(mào)易。根據(jù)本文的標(biāo)題“Farming and Gardening”可知，這本書是關(guān)于農(nóng)業(yè)和園藝的。故選C。5．A.programs B．choicesC．events D．subjects解析： program 項目；choice 選擇；event 活動；subject 主題，學(xué)科。根據(jù)后文“growing green vegetables and fruit trees, and keeping animals”可知，該書包括種植綠色蔬菜和果樹，以及飼養(yǎng)動物不同類目的建議。故選D。6．A.grow B．mixC．drop D．throw解析： grow 種植；生長；mix 混合；drop 落下；throw 扔，投。根據(jù)后文“young plants”可知，此處表示種植幼苗。故選A。7．A.results B．bondsC．hopes D．dreams解析： result 結(jié)果；bond 聯(lián)系；hope 希望；dream 夢想。根據(jù)前文“If you sow seeds ... will be less”可知，如果你在一年中正確的時間在地里播種和種植幼苗，你的工作量就會減少，結(jié)果也會更好，即收成更好。故選A。8．A.application B．situationC．combination D．condition解析：application 應(yīng)用；situation 形勢；combination 組合；condition 條件。根據(jù)后文“Examine the soil on your farm”和“If the condition ... should improve it.”可知，此處強調(diào)土壤條件也非常重要。故選D。9．A.gently B．carefullyC．gradually D．frequently解析： gently 輕輕地；carefully 仔細地；gradually 逐漸地；frequently 頻繁地。根據(jù)前文“The __8__ of the soil is also very important.”和“Examine”可知，土壤條件很重要，所以應(yīng)仔細地檢查土壤。故選B。10．A.loosen B．relieveC．remove D．lower解析： loosen 使變松；relieve 使緩解；remove 清除；lower 降低。根據(jù)后文“weeds”以及常識可知，此處指在種植作物之前必須清除雜草。故選C。11．A.surround B．enhanceC．change D．improve解析：surround 包圍；enhance 增強；change 改變，更換；improve 改進。根據(jù)后文“But if you plant rice ... good crops.”可知，第一年種水稻，第二年種小麥，第二年的收成會更好，因此最好的收成是在農(nóng)民換種莊稼的時候。故選C。12．A.one after another B．now and thenC．year after year D．here and there解析： one after another 一個接一個地；now and then 時不時；year after year 年復(fù)一年；here and there 到處。根據(jù)前文“The best harvest ... in their fields.”可知，最好的收成是在農(nóng)民換種莊稼的時候獲得的，因此不要年復(fù)一年地種植同一種作物。故選C。13．A.harvest B．collectC．generate D．export解析： harvest 收獲；collect 收集；generate 產(chǎn)生；export 出口。根據(jù)前文“The best harvest ... in their fields.”和后文“good crops”可知，此處指如果你今年在地里種水稻，明年種小麥，你就會收獲好收成。故選A。14．A.layers B．patternsC．balance D．space解析：layer 層；pattern 模式；balance 均衡；space 空間。根據(jù)后文“between the plants”和“planting wheat close together was better”可知，此處指種植小麥時， 植株之間要留有空間。故選D。15．A.decided B．betC．intended D．showed解析：decide 決定；bet 打賭；intend 打算；show 表明，顯示。根據(jù)后文“that planting wheat close together was better”可知，賈思勰的實驗表明緊密種植小麥效果更好。故選D。Ⅱ 七選五Characteristics of an excellent scientistThe dictionary defines a scientist as a person having professional knowledge on one or more sciences, especially natural science or physical science. __1__ Let's look at some characteristics of an excellent scientist.CuriosityAn excellent scientist must be very curious about things. Scientists such as Thomas Edison and George Westinghouse discovered things mainly because they wanted to know how things work. __2__PatienceBecoming a scientist takes a long time. __3__ Even if you think you have received some education on science, you still have a lot of scientific research to do. If you're an instant－gratification type of person, this may not be the best choice for you.Ethical (道德的) qualitiesIn order to truly discover and use knowledge for the greater good, a scientist must have a desire to improve people's life as well as the environment, since they are linked and they can affect one another in the long run. __4__ Sticking to an old belief contradicted with evidence is dishonest. However, that belief shouldn't be changed without powerful evidence.Working habits__5__ He/She can work well alone or in groups, depending on what's needed and also needs to communicate thoughts on paper and verbally. Networking connects him/her with colleagues working on similar projects where he/she may discover something new.A．To make discoveries, you have to think differently.B．There are very few jobs that take longer than this one.C．It also defines a scientist as someone who uses scientific methods.D．A scientist must report findings honestly regardless of personal interests or public opinions.E．One of the main places that many scientists work in is the research laboratory.F．An excellent scientist even takes notes of the smallest observation and keeps it in mind.G．Without a drive to ask questions or even wonder, a scientist will never get to the first stage of the scientific process.篇章導(dǎo)讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了一位優(yōu)秀的科學(xué)家會擁有的特別品質(zhì)和性格特點。1．答案：C解析：根據(jù)上文“The dictionary defines ... or physical science.”可知，C項(它還將科學(xué)家定義為使用科學(xué)方法的人。)承接上文，繼續(xù)講字典對科學(xué)家這一名詞的解釋和理解。故選C。2．答案：G解析：根據(jù)小標(biāo)題“Curiosity”和上文“An excellent scientist must be very curious about things.”可知，科學(xué)家要具備的一個特征就是要有好奇心。G項(如果科學(xué)家沒有發(fā)問甚至好奇的動力，就永遠無法進入科學(xué)過程的第一階段。)符合語境。故選G。3．答案：B解析：根據(jù)小標(biāo)題“Patience”和上文“Becoming a scientist takes a long time.”可知，成為科學(xué)家需要很長時間，即這需要一定的耐心。B項(很少有工作比這一項工作需要更長時間。)符合語境。故選B。4．答案：D解析：根據(jù)小標(biāo)題“Ethical (道德的) qualities”和下文“Sticking to an old belief ... without powerful evidence. (堅持與證據(jù)相矛盾的舊信念是不誠實的。然而，沒有強有力的證據(jù)，這種信念不應(yīng)該改變。)”可知，科學(xué)家要誠實，堅持真理，這是科學(xué)家道德素質(zhì)的體現(xiàn)。D項(科學(xué)家必須誠實地報告研究結(jié)果，而不考慮個人利益或公眾輿論。)引出下文。故選D。5．答案：F解析：根據(jù)小標(biāo)題“Working habits”及下文“He/She can work well alone ... on paper and verbally.(他/她可以單獨或在團隊中很好地工作，這取決于需要什么，還需要在紙上和口頭上交流想法。)”可知，本段在介紹科學(xué)家的工作習(xí)慣，F(xiàn)項(一個優(yōu)秀的科學(xué)家甚至?xí)浵伦罴毼⒌挠^察并牢記在心。)也是一種工作習(xí)慣和方式，符合本段主旨。故選F。Ⅲ 語法填空Since the pre－Qin period, Chengdu __1__ (be) an important cultural town in China. But what really sets the city apart culturally, is __2__ (it) opera. An important aspect of Sichuan Opera is __3__ magic of “face changing” where vividly coloured masks are changed within the blink of an eye. In opera gardens and tea houses across the town, audiences __4__ (want) a glimpse of the local culture love to drink tea while listening to Sichuan Opera and watching face changing.It is believed that “face changing” has its roots in development. Early humans needed survival strategies to avoid fierce animals and foreign invaders. Often, aggressive facial, gestures and __5__ (verbal) cues were part of it. The Sichuan Opera is said __6__ (bring) this range of emotions on stage.Once the performance starts, the actor keeps pulling down one mask after __7__ in swift movements to convey different emotions. __8__ (surprise), no matter how close one is __9__ the stage, they just can't tell how the masks change.In fact, the different kinds of characters and personalities that Sichuan Opera brings alive can be found among common people. This is __10__ its emotions will continue to be well received by people for a long time.篇章導(dǎo)讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了川劇中的變臉?biāo)囆g(shù)。1．________ 2．________ 3．________ 4．________ 5．________ 6．________ 7．________ 8．________ 9．________ 10．________1．答案：has been解析：考查動詞的時態(tài)和主謂一致。根據(jù)時間狀語Since the pre－Qin period可知，句子應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時，主語Chengdu是專有名詞，謂語用單數(shù)。故填has been。2．答案：its解析：考查代詞。此處修飾名詞opera，應(yīng)用形容詞性物主代詞。故填its。3．答案：the解析：考查冠詞。根據(jù)名詞magic后的介詞短語of “face changing”可知，此處表示特指，應(yīng)用定冠詞the。故填the。4．答案：wanting解析：考查非謂語動詞。句意：在全鎮(zhèn)的戲曲園和茶館里，想要了解當(dāng)?shù)匚幕挠^眾喜歡一邊喝茶，一邊聽川劇，看變臉。動詞want與其邏輯主語audiences之間是主動關(guān)系，應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在分詞作后置定語。故填wanting。5．答案：nonverbal解析：考查反義詞。句意：通常，攻擊性的面部表情、手勢和非語言暗示都是其中的一部分。設(shè)空處應(yīng)用形容詞作定語，修飾名詞cues，再根據(jù)句意可知，此處表示“非言語的”，應(yīng)用nonverbal。故填nonverbal。6．答案：to bring/to have brought解析：考查非謂語動詞。“sb/sth be said to do sth”是固定句型，意為“據(jù)說，某人/某物做某事”，其后只能用不定式作主語補足語；可以用不定式的一般式to bring，表示“把情緒帶到舞臺上”，也可以用不定式的完成式to have brought，表示“已經(jīng)把情緒帶到了舞臺上”。故填to bring/to have brought。7．答案：another解析：考查固定搭配。句意：表演一開始，演員就不停地快速摘下一個又一個面具，以傳達不同的情感。one after another是固定短語，表示“一個接一個”。故填another。8．答案：Surprisingly解析：考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。句意：令人驚訝的是，無論離舞臺多近，他們都看不出面具是如何更換的。此處修飾整個句子，應(yīng)用副詞，作狀語，意為“令人驚訝的是”，句首單詞首字母應(yīng)大寫。故填Surprisingly。9．答案：to解析：考查介詞。be close to表示“接近”，為固定搭配。故填to。10．答案：why解析：考查表語從句的連接詞。句意：這就是為什么它的情感將在很長一段時間內(nèi)繼續(xù)受到人們的歡迎。應(yīng)用連接副詞why引導(dǎo)表語從句，表示“為什么”。故填why。Dr Nancy Roman, born in 1925, who was celebrated as a pioneer for female scientists and had advanced the launch of the Hubble Space Telescope, died on Dec. 25, 2018.精深閱讀When Nancy Roman asked for permission to take a second algebra (代數(shù)) course in high school, a teacher demanded to know “what lady would take mathematics instead of Latin”. In college, a professor admitted that he often tried to prevent women from majoring in physics but Nancy stuck to it. And after receiving Doctor's degree in astronomy, she found a professional home at NASA (美國國家航空航天局). In 1959, Dr Roman became the first chief of astronomy at NASA headquarters, a role that made her one of the agency's first female leaders.Dr Roman spent much of her career helping develop, fund and promote technology that would help scientists see more clearly beyond Earth's atmosphere. But her most well-known work was perhaps leading to design the Hubble Space Telescope, the first major telescope to be sent into space for the purpose of gathering photographs and data from the universe. She was, therefore, named as “the mother of Hubble”．“She made it possible to get the early telescope up into space to learn what needed to be learned，” said science historian Bob Zimmerman, and her hard－nosed nature helped get the telescope built.篇章導(dǎo)讀：本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了Nancy Roman (南希·羅曼)摒棄他人偏見，成為一名天文學(xué)家的故事。The telescope did not launch until 1990, a little more than a decade after Dr Roman retired, but when it did, its photographs of the universe thrilled the world. “I am glad，” she once told Science, “I ignored the people who told me that I could not be an astronomer.”1．What can we conclude from the teacher's reaction to Nancy Roman's application for taking a second algebra course A．The teacher doubted it.B．The teacher didn't care about it.C．The teacher accepted it at once.D．The teacher was strongly against it.解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中的“When Nancy Roman asked for permission ... instead of Latin’．(當(dāng)南希·羅曼請求在高中選修第二門代數(shù)課程時，一位老師想知道‘哪位女士會選修數(shù)學(xué)而不是拉丁語’。)”可推知，老師的反應(yīng)說明他對此表示懷疑。故選A。2．What was the most famous achievement of Nancy Roman's work A．She was one of the founders of NASA.B．She proved the black hole really existed.C．She was the first female astronomer in the world.D．She led to design the Hubble Space Telescope.解析：細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的“But her most well known work ... from the universe. (但她最著名的工作可能是領(lǐng)導(dǎo)設(shè)計了哈勃太空望遠鏡，這是第一臺被送入太空的大型望遠鏡，目的是收集來自宇宙的照片和數(shù)據(jù)。)”可知，Nancy Roman最著名的成就是領(lǐng)導(dǎo)設(shè)計了哈勃太空望遠鏡。故選D。3．When did Dr Nancy Roman probably retire A．In 1969. B．In 1979.C．In 1990. D．In 2000.解析：細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“The telescope did not launch ... after Dr Roman retired(這臺望遠鏡直到1990年才發(fā)射，也就是羅曼博士退休十多年后)”可知，哈勃望遠鏡于1990年發(fā)射，她于10多年前退休，也就是在七十年代退休的。故選B。4．What can we learn from Dr Nancy Roman's words in the last paragraph A．She was very proud of what she had done for the country.B．She thought highly of the people who hadn't believed her.C．She was delighted to have become an astronomer in spite of the prejudice on her.D．She had hard nosed nature and never cared about other people's opinions.解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“‘I am glad ... an astronomer.’(‘我很高興，’她曾經(jīng)對《科學(xué)》雜志說，‘我沒有理會那些告訴我我不能成為天文學(xué)家的人。’)”可推知，盡管人們對她存有偏見，她還是很高興成了一名天文學(xué)家。故選C。精深閱讀——好詞句小練(一)熱詞1．pioneer n. ______________2．female adj. _______________3．_______ n．& v. 發(fā)射；發(fā)動，發(fā)起4．__________ n. 準(zhǔn)許；許可5．professional adj. _______________先鋒；拓荒者女性的；婦女的launchpermission職業(yè)的；專業(yè)的(二)高頻短語1．_______________ 要求做某事2．______________________ 阻止某人做某事3．major in_____4．stick to ____5．________________ 出于……的目的demand to do sthprevent sb from doing sth主修for the purpose of堅持(三)根據(jù)語境填入恰當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容1．He was _______ (thrill) at the prospect of seeing them again.2．In addition, he served as a visiting _________ (profession) at several American universities.3．She has set a shining example of loyal service over four _______(decade)．thrilledprofessordecades(四)寫出下列句子中黑體部分的漢語釋義1．Dishonesty is foreign to his nature. ______2．Hard work and determination can make it possible to achieve your goals. _______________3．She refused to take on the traditional woman's role.______本性使……成為可能地位(五)用方框中單詞的正確形式替換下列句子中的黑體部分1．It's amazing how people collect so much stuff over the years. ______2．My older secretary has threatened to leave.______3．Everyone can greatly improve the quality of life.________gatherretirepromote(六)長難句分析 “She made it possible to get the early telescope up into space to learn what needed to be learned，” said science historian Bob Zimmerman.句意：科學(xué)歷史學(xué)家鮑勃·齊默爾曼說：“她使得把早期的望遠鏡送入太空，去了解需要了解的東西成為可能。”分析：句子主干She made it possible to ... into space是“_________________”結(jié)構(gòu)。it作形式賓語，真正的賓語是不定式短語______________________________________________________________；what引導(dǎo)______從句。主＋謂＋賓＋賓補to get the early telescope up into space to learn what needed to be learned賓語(七)根據(jù)所給漢語，完成下列句子1．Shanghai is __________________(首批城市之一) in China to see bike sharing fever.2．_______________ (試著找出) what feeling underlies your anger.(八)仿寫句子 The students who are most successful are usually the ones who come to all the classes.(定語從句)仿寫：能俯瞰湖泊的房子要價高些。____________________________________one of the first citiesTry to figure outHouses which overlook the lake cost more.課后課時作業(yè)（二）較易題(占比50%) 中檔題(占比50%) 拔高題(占比0%)題號 A B難度 ★ ★★閱讀A(新課標(biāo)Ⅰ卷)In the race to document the species on Earth before they go extinct, researchers and citizen scientists have collected billions of records. Today, most records of biodiversity are often in the form of photos, videos, and other digital records. Though they are useful for detecting shifts in the number and variety of species in an area, a new Stanford study has found that this type of record is not perfect. “With the rise of technology it is easy for people to make observations of different species with the aid of a mobile application，” said Barnabas Daru, who is lead author of the study and assistant professor of biology in the Stanford School of Humanities and Sciences. “These observations now outnumber the primary data that comes from physical specimens (標(biāo)本), and since we are increasingly using observational data to investigate how species are responding to global change, I wanted to know: Are they usable？”Using a global dataset of 1.9 billion records of plants, insects, birds, and animals, Daru and his team tested how well these data represent actual global biodiversity patterns.“We were particularly interested in exploring the aspects of sampling that tend to bias (使有偏差) data, like the greater likelihood of a citizen scientist to take a picture of a flowering plant instead of the grass right next to it，” said Daru.Their study revealed that the large number of observation only records did not lead to better global coverage. Moreover, these data are biased and favor certain regions, time periods, and species. This makes sense because the people who get observational biodiversity data on mobile devices are often citizen scientists recording their encounters with species in areas nearby. These data are also biased toward certain species with attractive or eye catching features.What can we do with the imperfect datasets of biodiversity 篇章導(dǎo)讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章探究了生物樣本數(shù)據(jù)的可用性，指出了實證研究發(fā)現(xiàn)的問題并提出了提高數(shù)據(jù)質(zhì)量的措施。“Quite a lot，” Daru explained. “Biodiversity apps can use our study results to inform users of oversampled areas and lead them to places—and even species—that are not well sampled. To improve the quality of observational data, biodiversity apps can also encourage users to have an expert confirm the identification of their uploaded image.” 1．What do we know about the records of species collected now A．They are becoming outdated.B．They are mostly in electronic form.C．They are limited in number.D．They are used for public exhibition.解析：細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的“Today, most records ... other digital records.”可知，現(xiàn)在，大多數(shù)生物多樣性的記錄通常以照片、視頻和其他的數(shù)字記錄形式存在，即它們大多是電子形式的。故選B。2．What does Daru's study focus on A．Threatened species. B．Physical specimens.C．Observational data. D．Mobile applications.解析：細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“we are increasingly ... to global change”可知，Daru (達魯)及其團隊使用觀察數(shù)據(jù)來研究物種是如何對全球變化作出回應(yīng)的，由此可知，Daru的研究關(guān)注觀察數(shù)據(jù)。故選C。3．What has led to the biases according to the study A．Mistakes in data analysis.B．Poor quality of uploaded pictures.C．Improper way of sampling.D．Unreliable data collection devices.解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段中的“We were particularly interested ... instead of the grass right next to it”可知，研究人員對探索可能導(dǎo)致數(shù)據(jù)偏差的采樣的方面特別感興趣，比如公民科學(xué)家很有可能只拍開花植物而不拍它旁邊的青草。由此可推知，采樣方式的不當(dāng)會導(dǎo)致數(shù)據(jù)偏差。故選C。4．What is Daru's suggestion for biodiversity apps A．Review data from certain areas.B．Hire experts to check the records.C．Confirm the identity of the users.D．Give guidance to citizen scientists.解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段可知，生物多樣性應(yīng)用程序可以引導(dǎo)采樣人員關(guān)注采樣不足的地方或者物種，鼓勵他們讓專家確認(rèn)上傳樣本圖片中的物種名稱。由此可推知，Daru建議生物多樣性程序給公民科學(xué)家提供指導(dǎo)。故選D。BHe Zehui, a Chinese nuclear (核能的) physicist, achieved great things in physics and became an outstanding scientist.Her family is famous for producing three famous women scientists, including her two sisters. She graduated from Tsinghua University in 1936 with a degree in physics, and then went on to study at the Technical University of Berlin, where she was the top in her class, outperforming her future husband Qian Sanqiang—China's “father of the atomic bomb”. In 1940, she earned a doctor's degree in Engineering.The couple made great discoveries in the field of uranium fission (鈾核裂變), which drew global attention and gained them worldwide recognition, marking a milestone in the development of China's experimental fission physics. Many Western media called the couple the “Marie Curie and Pierre Curie of China”．As one of the pioneers in nuclear science and technology in China, Professor He contributed a great deal to nuclear physics. During the 1950s, she started the research and development of nuclear emulsions (核乳膠) in China and their research reached the advanced world level at that time. He and her research group took the lead in building China's first nuclear reactor and accelerator (加速器). She was awarded the first Award of the National Prize of Natural Sciences for making outstanding achievements in supporting the national program of nuclear weapon development. 篇章導(dǎo)讀：本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了“中國的居里夫人”何澤慧及其成就。Throughout her career, He went through many difficulties, and was always on the front lines of China's science related work. She published dozens of papers yet placed little value on personal fame. The world's top physicists recognized her as a famous scientist, “Chinese Madame Curie”.He passed away in Beijing in 2011 at the age of 97, nearly 20 years after Qian Sanqiang. She devoted herself to science, living a simple life, always instructing young researchers and maintaining the highest standards that she had always valued. She loved her country and science; to both she is now an example.5．What is the focus of Paragraph 2 about He Zehui A．Identity background.B．Character personalities.C．Education experiences.D．Profession abilities.解析：段落大意題。根據(jù)第二段中的“She graduated ... in Engineering.(1936年，她畢業(yè)于清華大學(xué)，獲得物理學(xué)學(xué)位，然后前往柏林工業(yè)大學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)，在那里她是班上的第一名，超過了她未來的丈夫——中國的‘原子彈之父’錢三強。1940年，她獲得了工程學(xué)博士學(xué)位。)”可知，本段主要講述了何澤慧的教育經(jīng)歷。故選C。6．What do we know about Qian Sanqiang A．He died following his wife in 1991.B．He was also a remarkable Chinese scientist.C．He won the National Prize of Natural Sciences.D．He assisted He Zehui to develop fission physics.解析：細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“she was the top ... ‘father of the atomic bomb’”和第三段中的“The couple made ... experimental fission physics.(這對夫婦在鈾核裂變領(lǐng)域取得了重大發(fā)現(xiàn)，引起了全球的關(guān)注，并獲得了世界認(rèn)可，標(biāo)志著中國實驗裂變物理發(fā)展的一個里程碑。)”可知，錢三強也是一位杰出的中國科學(xué)家。故選B。7．Why is He Zehui acknowledged as “Chinese Marie Curie”？A．For her research of nuclear emulsions.B．For her achievements in the atomic bomb.C．For her great contributions to nuclear physics.D．For her continuous achievement in natural science.解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段中的“As one of the pioneers ... nuclear physics.”可推知，因何澤慧對中國的核物理作出了巨大貢獻，西方媒體稱其為“中國的居里夫人”。故選C。8．How can we best describe He Zehui A．Ambitious and talented.B．Unselfish and devoted.C．Imaginative and kind.D．Knowledgeable and sociable.解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“She devoted herself to science ... had always valued.(她獻身于科學(xué)，過著簡樸的生活，總是指導(dǎo)年輕的研究人員，并保持著她一直重視的最高標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。)”可推知，何澤慧淡泊名利、獻身于中國的科學(xué)事業(yè)，無私且有奉獻精神。故選B。1．extinct/Ik'stI kt/adj. 滅絕的；絕種的；消逝的2．shift/ Ift/v. 轉(zhuǎn)移；改變 n. 轉(zhuǎn)移；轉(zhuǎn)變3．outnumber/ a t'n mb (r)/v. 在數(shù)量上超過4．explore/Ik'spl (r)/v. 探索；勘查；探究5．favor/'feIv (r)/v. 偏愛；有利于 n. 恩惠；贊同6．pioneer/ paI 'nI (r)/n. 先驅(qū)；開拓者 v. 開拓；開創(chuàng)7．with the aid of ... 在……的幫助下8．contribute ... to ... 把……貢獻給……9．take the lead in ... 在……方面領(lǐng)先10．devote oneself to 致力于；獻身于精深閱讀The 97－year－old botanist, Margaret Bradshaw, is the chief caretaker of Teesdale's rarest flowers. “Everything about Teesdale is unique，” says Bradshaw with pride—and the authority of someone who has just written a 288－page book on the subject. Bradshaw has been recording rare plants here since the early 1950s and has witnessed great decreases.Her data was the first to prove that—and the need to do something about it.The main reason for the decrease of these plants is an unusual one. The number of sheep in Teesdale had been reduced by half by 2000, as the uplands were generally believed there were too many sheep. Bradshaw says while sheep are hunted in some upland areas, reducing herding in Teesdale has been destructive. Longer grass overshadows the delicate flowers, taking away the light they need to grow. As a result of her findings and her work with farmers who herd the land—as well as Natural England, which manages it—sheep numbers are increasing and the timing of herding is being carefully managed. This has led to the partial recovery of some plants.At 93, she set up Teesdale Special Flora Research and Conservation Trust to record rare plants. As a keen horse rider, at 95, she did a 55－mile horse journey across Teesdale, raising almost $10，000 for the Trust. When asked about the secret to longevity, “Just keep going，” she says.“Keep at it.Don't sit down and just watch TV.”篇章導(dǎo)讀：本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了97歲的植物學(xué)家Margaret Bradshaw (瑪格麗特·布拉德肖)作為提斯代爾最稀有花卉的主要看護人的故事。“I recognise I'm getting older and I've been trying to get more people to take over and do the records. They don't believe I won't be here forever，” Bradshaw says. Despite Bradshaw's guardianship of this land, and the love and energy she has put into saving it, the future here is unknown. The last words of her book speak to this endless loss. “This is our heritage, this unique plant species, mine and yours，” she writes. “In spite of trying, I have failed to prevent its decrease, now it is up to you.” 1．What is Margaret Bradshaw's main work with the rare plants A．Writing a book.B．Preventing their decrease.C．Collecting their data.D．Directing farmers to grow plants.解析：細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的“Bradshaw has been recording rare plants ... the need to do something about it.(布拉德肖從20世紀(jì)50年代初就開始記錄這里的珍稀植物，并見證了它們的大幅減少。她的數(shù)據(jù)是第一個證明這一點的人，也證明了對此采取措施的必要性。)”可知，Bradshaw在珍稀植物方面的主要工作是收集它們的數(shù)據(jù)。故選C。2．What contributed to the reduction of rare plants in Teesdale A．Not enough sheep.B．Lack of fund.C．Poor management.D．Too many sheep.解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中的“The main reason ... they need to grow.”可知，減少放牧導(dǎo)致草的長勢較好，較高的草遮住了嬌弱的花朵，遮擋了它們生長所需要的光。由此可推知，沒有足夠的羊?qū)е铝颂崴勾鸂栂∮兄参锏臏p少。故選A。3．What can we learn from Bradshaw's words in the last paragraph A．Unity brings strength.B．Many hands make light work.C．Youthful at heart, regardless of age.D．Advance what the forerunners began.解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“‘This is our heritage ... now it is up to you.’”可推知，從最后一段Bradshaw的話中我們能了解到，她希望推進先行者開創(chuàng)的這個事業(yè)。故選D。4．Which might be a suitable title for the text A．Teesdale: Home to Rare PlantsB．Battling for Teesdale's WildflowersC．Bradshaw: A 97－Year－Old GardenerD．Exploring Teesdale's Unique Plants解析：標(biāo)題判斷題。通讀全文可知，文章主要講述了97歲的植物學(xué)家Margaret Bradshaw是提斯代爾最稀有花卉的主要看護人，她希望讓更多的人接手這個事業(yè)。B項(為提斯代爾的稀有花卉而奮斗)適合作為文章標(biāo)題。故選B。精深閱讀——好詞句小練(一)熱詞1．record v. ___________2．witness v. ___________3．destructive adj. ____________________4．_______ adj. 脆弱的；纖弱的5．longevity n. ___________記錄，記載見證，目睹破壞性的，毀滅性的delicate長壽；壽命(二)高頻短語1．_________ 接管；控制2．_______ 投入3．__________ 盡管4．fail to do sth __________________________5．be up to sb ____________take overput intoin spite of做某事未成功；未能做成某事取決于某人(三)根據(jù)語境填入恰當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容1．We wish Bill a speedy _________ (recover).2．I’ve had enough of their _______ (end) arguing.3．The paintings were _________ (careful) packed in newspaper.(四)寫出下列句子中黑體部分的漢語釋義1．The building is part of our national heritage.______2．I wasn't too keen on physics and chemistry._______3．She has very good people skills and is able to manage a team. _____recoveryendlesscarefully遺產(chǎn)熱衷的管理(五)用方框中單詞的正確形式替換下列句子中的黑體部分1．Chopsticks are a kind of tableware with distinct national features. _______2．Apples come in a great many varieties._______3．If they merely make fewer errors, then we can cut down the practice._______uniquespeciesreduce(六)長難句分析 The number of sheep in Teesdale had been reduced by half by 2000, as the uplands were generally believed there were too many sheep.句意：到2000年，提斯代爾的羊的數(shù)量減少了一半，因為人們普遍認(rèn)為高地的羊太多了。分析：句子主干為The number of sheep had been reduced，是“______”結(jié)構(gòu)。 in Teesdale作sheep的__________。as引導(dǎo)_________從句；there were too many sheep是省略了連接詞_____的______從句。主謂后置定語原因狀語that賓語(七)根據(jù)所給漢語，完成下列句子1．I had to ________________(學(xué)會與……合作) everyone on the crew.2．I believed you could leave the court __________ (驕傲地).(八)仿寫句子 The snow lasted a week, resulting in serious traffic confusion in the whole area. (現(xiàn)在分詞(短語)作結(jié)果狀語)仿寫：他走出房間時衣服穿得很少，漸漸地感到有些冷了。______________________________________________________________learn to work withwith prideHe went out of the room with few clothes on, gradually feeling a little cold. 展開更多...... 收起↑ 資源列表 Section Ⅰ Reading and Thinking.docx Section Ⅰ Reading and Thinking.pptx 縮略圖、資源來源于二一教育資源庫
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