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英語(yǔ)　必修 第三冊(cè) RJ
Section Ⅰ　Listening and Speaking
一、閱讀單詞：寫(xiě)出漢語(yǔ)含義
1．cm abbr. (centimetre or centimeter) 厘米
2．pilot n. 飛行員；領(lǐng)航員
3．force n. 力；力量
二、核心單詞：寫(xiě)出英文單詞
1．a(chǎn)stronaut n. 宇航員；太空人
2．intelligent adj. 有智慧的；聰明的；有智力的
三、拓展單詞：寫(xiě)出英文單詞，并嘗試寫(xiě)出其詞性轉(zhuǎn)換(可查字典)
1．procedure n. 程序；步驟；手續(xù)→procedural adj. 程序上的；程序性的
2．mental adj. 精神的；思想的→mentally adv. 精神上；智力上
一、發(fā)音規(guī)則
英語(yǔ)中的重讀是指在單詞或短語(yǔ)中強(qiáng)調(diào)或突出某個(gè)音節(jié)、單詞或短語(yǔ)的發(fā)音。重讀在英語(yǔ)中非常重要，它可以幫助聽(tīng)者正確理解和解釋句子的含義。以下是一些英語(yǔ)重讀的規(guī)則和模式：
1．詞性影響
名詞、代詞、形容詞、副詞(特別是以 y結(jié)尾、以 s或 es結(jié)尾的表示時(shí)間、次數(shù)、頻率等的副詞)以及實(shí)義動(dòng)詞通常需要重讀。冠詞、介詞(單音節(jié)介詞通常不重讀，但雙音節(jié)和多音節(jié)介詞會(huì)重讀；位于句首或需要特殊強(qiáng)調(diào)的單音節(jié)介詞也會(huì)重讀)、連詞、助動(dòng)詞等虛詞通常不重讀。
2．音節(jié)影響
(1)所有的單音節(jié)單詞都需要重讀。
(2)雙音節(jié)單詞：名詞一般重讀第一個(gè)音節(jié)，動(dòng)詞一般重讀第二個(gè)音節(jié)。
(3)多音節(jié)單詞：通常重讀倒數(shù)第三個(gè)音節(jié)，但也有例外，如后綴為 ese、 eer、 ique時(shí)，一般重讀后綴；后綴為 ic時(shí)，一般重讀ic前一個(gè)音節(jié)；后綴為 al時(shí)，一般重讀單詞中間某個(gè)音節(jié)。
3．其他情況
以ate結(jié)尾的單詞：動(dòng)詞一般重讀ate，發(fā)音為/eit/；名詞一般輕讀ate，發(fā)音為/It/。形容詞修飾名詞時(shí)，通常重讀名詞；若只有形容詞，則重讀形容詞。在兩個(gè)形容詞修飾一個(gè)名詞的情況下，通常重讀第一個(gè)形容詞和名詞，中間不重讀。動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)中，通常重讀后面的介詞。
二、語(yǔ)境朗讀
1．試讀并寫(xiě)出以下句子中的重讀詞匯。
(1)The streets are wide and clean.
________________________________________________________________________
(2)I am so glad to see you again.
________________________________________________________________________
答案：(1)streets, wide, clean
(2)so, glad, see, again
2．試讀并寫(xiě)出以下句子中重讀的虛詞。
(1)We saw him playing by the river.
________________________________________________________________________
(2)On my way to school, my bike was broken.
________________________________________________________________________
(3)Didn't I tell you yesterday
________________________________________________________________________
答案：(1)by　(2)On　(3)Didn't
3．試讀并體會(huì)下列對(duì)話(huà)中畫(huà)線(xiàn)處的重讀詞匯。
Alice: Hey, John,__could you please pass me the salt I'm trying to season my steak．
John: Sure thing, Alice. Here you go. By the way, have you ever tried using just a pinch of pepper instead It really enhances the flavor.
Alice: Actually,__I haven't. I usually stick to salt, but I'm willing to give it a try. Thanks for the suggestion．
John: You're welcome. You know, sometimes it's the little things that make a big difference. Like, adding a dash of lemon juice can completely transform a dish.
Alice: Interesting. I'll keep that in mind next time I'm cooking.
探究　熱詞
(一)高頻詞
1.intelligent adj. 有智慧的；聰明的；有智力的；智能的(教材P39)
intelligence n. 智力；才智；智慧 It is intelligent to do ... 做……是明智的 intelligent system 智能系統(tǒng) intelligent beings 外星人；智慧生物 high/low intelligence 高/低智商　 intelligence quotient (IQ) 智商 emotional intelligence 情商 artificial intelligence (AI)人工智能
【語(yǔ)境感知】
①Helen had a few intelligent things to say on the subject.
海倫在這個(gè)問(wèn)題上有幾句明智的話(huà)要說(shuō)。
②It is intelligent to learn from your mistakes and use that knowledge to improve.
從錯(cuò)誤中學(xué)習(xí)并利用這些知識(shí)來(lái)提升自己是明智的。
③Emotional intelligence, with its focus on both head and heart, may serve to point us in the right direction.
情商既注重頭腦，又注重心靈，它可以為我們指明正確的方向。
④In recent years, you may have read news about artificial intelligence (AI) creating its own art, such as painting or writing poems.
近年來(lái)，你可能讀到過(guò)關(guān)于人工智能進(jìn)行藝術(shù)創(chuàng)作的新聞，比如繪畫(huà)或?qū)懺?shī)。
【學(xué)會(huì)運(yùn)用】單句語(yǔ)法填空
①We build machines that are more__intelligent (intelligent) than we are.
②He didn't even have the intelligence (intelligent) to call for an ambulance.
③It's intelligent to__pause (pause) when your feelings become bad.
【學(xué)會(huì)表達(dá)】翻譯句子
④告訴他們真相是明智的。
It__is__intelligent__to__tell__them__the__truth.
⑤有些人相信，外太空存在像人類(lèi)一樣的智慧型生物。
Some__people__believe__that__there__are__intelligent__beings__like__mankind__in__outer__space.
(二)拓展詞
2.procedure n. 程序；步驟；手續(xù)→procedural adj. 程序上的；程序性的
【語(yǔ)境感知】
To complete task efficiently, we need to follow the procedure carefully to keep it procedural.
為了高效完成任務(wù)，我們需要仔細(xì)遵循程序，使其符合程序。
3.mental adj. 精神的；思想的→mentally adv. 精神上；智力上
【語(yǔ)境感知】
Reading books regularly exercises our mental muscles, making us mentally stronger.
經(jīng)常讀書(shū)鍛煉我們的腦力，使我們的精神更加強(qiáng)大。
【學(xué)會(huì)運(yùn)用】單句語(yǔ)法填空
①I(mǎi)n the future, I will get myself well prepared both mentally (mental) and physically for my college study.
②The two sides have spent most of their time arguing over procedural (procedure) problems.
【學(xué)會(huì)表達(dá)】翻譯句子
③做家務(wù)也可以是一種精神放松方式。
Doing__housework__can__also__be__a__form__of__mental__relaxation.
④按照慣常的程序行事是很重要的。
It's__important__to__follow__the__regular__procedure.
Ⅰ.匹配詞義
a.匹配下列單詞的詞義 b.匹配下列短語(yǔ)的詞義
(D)1.curious (C)2.equipment (E)3.experience (A)4.astronaut (B)5.condition A．n. 宇航員；太空人 B．n. 狀況，狀態(tài)；條件 C．n. 設(shè)備，裝備 D．a(chǎn)dj. 好奇的，求知欲強(qiáng)的 E．n. 經(jīng)歷，經(jīng)驗(yàn) (C)6.pilot training (E)7.selection procedure (A)8.graduate from (D)9.education background (B)10.be selected to do sth A.畢業(yè)于…… B.被選中做某事 C.飛行員培訓(xùn) D.教育背景 E.篩選程序
Ⅱ.默寫(xiě)單詞
1．mental adj. 精神的；思想的
2．pilot n. 飛行員；領(lǐng)航員
3．a(chǎn)stronaut n. 宇航員；太空人
4．related adj. 相關(guān)的；有聯(lián)系的
5．intelligent adj. 有智慧的；聰明的；有智力的
6．cm abbr. 厘米
7．procedure n. 程序；步驟；手續(xù)
8．spin v. (使)快速旋轉(zhuǎn)
9．force n. 力；力量
10．physical adj. 身體的
Ⅲ.單句語(yǔ)法填空
1．It's estimated that she is 180 cm in height (high).
2．She is highly intelligent (intelligence) but her work lacks organization.
3．Becoming a firefighter requires special training (train) to deal with emergencies and save lives.
4．He is mentally (mental) ill and cannot be held responsible for his actions.
5．She believed that she would__achieve (achieve) her dream of becoming a doctor one day.
6．Much of the crime in this area is related to drug abuse.
7．Being (be) an astronaut requires a great deal of courage, determination, and a passion for space exploration.
8．She failed to satisfy all the requirements (require) for entry to the college.
Ⅳ.選詞填空
cm, condition, astronaut, force, address, spin, procedure, down
1．All the procedures must be done in the correct order.
2．He changed our world through the force of his ideas.
3．She spun round as the man, with a holler, burst through the door.
4．Then, slowly, the kite started to come down．
5．The snake usually reaches a length of 100 cm.
6．Everyone in the group exchanged email addresses．
7．The astronauts are preparing for touchdown tomorrow morning.
8．After the accident, the patient was rushed to the hospital and is now being treated in a stable condition．
Ⅴ.完成表達(dá)
1．Steve was__curious__about (對(duì)……感到好奇) the world I came from.
2．When asked why he went there, he said he was sent there to__be__trained (接受訓(xùn)練) for a space flight.
3．We must pay__attention__to__English__grammar (關(guān)注英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法) when we learn English.
Ⅵ.完整表達(dá)
1．她關(guān)掉了煤氣，夠機(jī)靈的。
She__was__intelligent__enough__to__turn__off__the__gas.
2．他不但讀了這本書(shū)，而且記得所讀的內(nèi)容。
He__not__only__read__the__book,__but__also__remembered__what__he__had__read.
3．他在18歲時(shí)取得了他的第一個(gè)顯著成就。
He__made__his__first__notable__achievement__at__the__age__of__18.
課后課時(shí)作業(yè)
較易題(占比70%)　中檔題(占比30%)　拔高題(占比0%)
題號(hào) Ⅰ Ⅱ
A B
難度 ★ ★★ ★
Ⅰ　閱讀
A
(2024·山東省濟(jì)南市高一下期末)We can see the moon every day, but in fact, humans have not been able to see the true face of the moon. For example, we all view the same side of it—the near side. So why don't we ever see the far side of the moon
The secret behind this fascinating mystery is “tidal locking (潮汐鎖定)”. To better understand it, let's imagine two friends holding hands and turning around. As they turn, they always face each other because they're locked in position by their hands. Similarly, the moon is locked to Earth by tidal force, which means it takes just as long for the moon to turn about its axis (軸) as it does to go around Earth. As a result, we always see the same side of the moon from our position on Earth, while the opposite side, known as the far side or the dark side, remains hidden from view.
Now, you might be wondering why people use the term “dark side” when referring to the far side of the moon. Contrary to popular belief, the far side isn't always in darkness. Like the near side, it experiences day and night. However, since we can't observe it from Earth, it often lies in mystery, and thus it gets this name.
Although we'll never see the far side of the moon directly from Earth, humanity has found ways to explore it. Several spacecrafts have taken photos which furthered our understanding of the lunar far side. In June 2024, China's Chang'e 6 made a soft landing on the far side of the moon and sent back more closeup photos. It brought back soil and rocks collected from there, opening a new chapter in lunar exploration and enabling scientists to discover what they didn't know about the moon.
There is still so much more to explore on the lunar far side. For example, the far side of the moon is a rare and quiet place free from radio signals reflecting from our planet, which allows scientists to study space phenomena with greater clarity, making it a perfect location for studying space using radio waves.
篇章導(dǎo)讀：本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了人類(lèi)無(wú)法看到月球背面的原因。
1．How does the writer explain “tidal locking” in Paragraph 2
A．By analyzing data.
B．By quoting a study.
C．By giving an example.
D．By comparing findings.
答案：C
解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中的“To better understand it ... to go around Earth. (為了更好地理解它，讓我們想象兩個(gè)朋友手牽著手轉(zhuǎn)圈。當(dāng)他們轉(zhuǎn)圈時(shí)，他們總是面對(duì)著對(duì)方，因?yàn)樗麄儽皇宙i定了位置。同樣地，月球被潮汐力鎖定在地球上，這意味著月球繞其軸旋轉(zhuǎn)所需的時(shí)間與月球繞地球旋轉(zhuǎn)所需的時(shí)間一樣長(zhǎng)。)”可推知，第二段通過(guò)舉兩個(gè)朋友牽手轉(zhuǎn)圈的例子，來(lái)說(shuō)明潮汐鎖定。故選C。
2．What is a common misunderstanding of the far side of the moon
A．There lives unknown life.
B．It shouldn't be disturbed.
C．It is visible from Earth.
D．There is no sunlight.
答案：D
解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的“Contrary to popular belief, the far side isn't always in darkness.”可知，普遍的看法是月球的背面總是黑暗的，沒(méi)有陽(yáng)光。故選D。
3．Why is Chang'e 6 mentioned in Paragraph 4
A．To share a well known legend.
B．To explain its working principle.
C．To promote an advanced technology.
D．To show efforts of lunar exploration.
答案：D
解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段中的“In June 2024 ... know about the moon.”可知，嫦娥六號(hào)發(fā)回特寫(xiě)照片并帶回收集的土壤和巖石，開(kāi)啟了月球探索的新篇章。由此可推知，提到嫦娥6號(hào)旨在展示月球探索的成果。故選D。
4．What is the last paragraph mainly about
A．Hidden value of the lunar far side.
B．Detailed information of mysteries.
C．Special advantages of radio waves.
D．Brief reviews of moon exploration.
答案：A
解析：段落大意題。根據(jù)最后一段內(nèi)容可知，月球背面沒(méi)有來(lái)自我們星球的無(wú)線(xiàn)電信號(hào)反射，這使得科學(xué)家能夠更清晰地研究太空現(xiàn)象，使其成為使用無(wú)線(xiàn)電波研究太空的理想地點(diǎn)。由此可知，最后一段主要說(shuō)明月球背面的隱藏價(jià)值。故選A。
B
(2024·陜西省西安市臨潼區(qū)高一下期末)A Japanese company tried to land the first M1 private space vehicle on the Moon. However, on 25 April, the M1 spacecraft became the latest in a long line of Moon missions that didn't quite make it. Until now, only three government－funded space agencies have soft－landed on the Moon and only China is successful in its first attempt.
Why is it so hard to touch down safely on the Moon
Getting a mission to the Moon, around 384，000 kilometres from the Earth, is much more intricate than sending a satellite into low－Earth orbit—and failures can occur early on, even for missions that don't plan to land. This happened with NASA's Lunar Flashlight mission, a small spacecraft that was launched in December and was supposed to map the Moon's ice. Its engines stopped working soon after launch.
Even if a lander makes it to the neighborhood of the Moon, it still has to find its way down to the surface with no global－positioning satellites for guidance and virtually no atmosphere to help to slow it down. Once it gets within the critical (關(guān)鍵的) last few kilometres, its software has to deal quickly and autonomously with any last－minute challenges, such as its sensors potentially becoming confused by large amounts of dust kicked up by the engines.
To pull off a successful landing in such a challenging environment, the government－funded space agencies have spent huge amount of money on repeated tests and have learned a lot from each failed and successful attempt.
“In the 1960s, when the United States and the Soviet Union were racing to land there, they crashed spacecraft after spacecraft before each finally succeeded in 1966，” says Stephen Indyk, director of space systems at Honeybee Robotics in Greenbelt, Maryland. “Without lessons learned from the setbacks (挫折) and successes, it's a lot to ask of a private company to get it right in the first attempt.”
篇章導(dǎo)讀：本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要解釋了月球與地球的距離、月球的環(huán)境特點(diǎn)以及歷史上政府資助的太空機(jī)構(gòu)在月球著陸方面的經(jīng)驗(yàn)和教訓(xùn)，說(shuō)明了月球著陸的復(fù)雜性和挑戰(zhàn)性。
5．What can be learned about M1 spacecraft
A．It became the latest unsuccessful Mars mission.
B．It was launched by an American private company.
C．It was the company's first public－funded space vehicle.
D．It failed to soft－land on the surface of the Moon.
答案：D
解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的“A Japanese company ... quite make it.”可知，M1太空飛行器未能成功在月球表面軟著陸。故選D。
6．Which of the following can best replace the underlined word “intricate” in Paragraph 3
A．simple B．demanding
C．inflexible D．unfortunate
答案：B
解析：詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)畫(huà)線(xiàn)詞下文“and failures can occur early on, even for missions that don't plan to land (而且即使是不打算著陸的任務(wù)，也可能在早期就出現(xiàn)失敗)”可推知，執(zhí)行登月任務(wù)比將衛(wèi)星送入近地軌道要復(fù)雜，說(shuō)明要求比較高。故選B。
7．What is Paragraph 4 mainly about
A．The reasons to land on the Moon.
B．The necessity of teamwork.
C．The landing challenges.
D．The costs of space exploration.
答案：C
解析：段落大意題。根據(jù)第四段“Even if a lander ... by the engines.(即使著陸器到達(dá)了月球附近，它仍然需要在沒(méi)有全球定位衛(wèi)星引導(dǎo)和幾乎沒(méi)有大氣層幫助減速的情況下找到降落到月球表面的路。一旦進(jìn)入關(guān)鍵的最后幾公里，它的軟件必須迅速自主地處理任何最后一分鐘的挑戰(zhàn)，比如發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)揚(yáng)起的大量灰塵可能會(huì)使其傳感器產(chǎn)生混淆。)”可知，本段主要講述了在如此具有挑戰(zhàn)性的環(huán)境中成功著陸月球需要面對(duì)的挑戰(zhàn)。故選C。
8．In which part of a magazine can we read this passage
A．Technology. B．Environment.
C．Culture. D．Economy.
答案：A
解析：推理判斷題。通讀全文可知，本文主要討論了日本公司嘗試將首個(gè)私人太空飛行器M1降落在月球上但未能成功的情況，以及月球著陸的復(fù)雜性和挑戰(zhàn)性。文章涉及太空技術(shù)、太空任務(wù)和太空探索等方面的內(nèi)容，與科技緊密相關(guān)。由此可推知，這篇文章最有可能出現(xiàn)在雜志的科技部分。故選A。
Ⅱ　七選五
(2024· 廣東省廣州市增城區(qū)高一下期末)Sending astronauts to Mars is a big challenge. It's a long, dangerous journey. And astronauts will have to take EVERYTHING they need. __1__
Launching things into space is expensive. “To get to Mars, we already have the technology，” says Michael Flynn. “The problem is, it's costly.”
__2__ Instead of building a heavy spaceship and packing it full of stuff, why not build Water Walls—a recycling system and use the stuff as part of the spaceship
Making oxygen and taking away carbon dioxide—the waste gas you breathe out—is one problem in space. Water Walls will remove carbon dioxide the same way it's done here on Earth—with living plants. Living plants take in carbon dioxide to make their food, and give off oxygen. But plants are hard to grow in a spacecraft. __3__
Algae are tiny plants that live in water. The algae will live in bags in the walls too, fed by poop and sunlight, eating up carbon dioxide and making oxygen for the astronauts to breathe.
__4__ It's compact (緊密的), efficient, and doesn't need a lot of fancy machinery that might break down. A mission to Mars will require astronauts to get back to nature.
Alas, the human body needs a lot of help to survive in space. If only we were more like the tardigrade (水熊蟲(chóng))! Tardigrades are very tiny insect like creatures that live in soil. When they find themselves in danger, they roll themselves up into a ball and dry out. In this state they can survive without food or water for 100 years. __5__
A．Algae can be a good choice.
B．Nothing is wasted in the spacecraft.
C．But Flynn thinks he has a solution.
D．So a trip to Mars is full of packing challenge.
E．If only we could train them to fly a spaceship.
F．This onboard recycling system has many advantages.
G．The more you take, the more rockets you must launch, and the more it costs.
篇章導(dǎo)讀：本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章介紹了Water Walls回收系統(tǒng)，并提到了藻類(lèi)作為可能的選擇，以及這種系統(tǒng)的一些優(yōu)勢(shì)。
1．答案：D
解析：根據(jù)前文“Sending astronauts to Mars ... take EVERYTHING they need.(將宇航員送上火星是一項(xiàng)巨大的挑戰(zhàn)。這是一段漫長(zhǎng)而危險(xiǎn)的旅程。宇航員將不得不帶上他們所需要的一切。)”可知，D項(xiàng)(所以火星之旅充滿(mǎn)了打包的挑戰(zhàn)。)是對(duì)前文的總結(jié)。故選D。
2．答案：C
解析：根據(jù)前文“Launching things into space is expensive ... it's costly.”可知，此處講述送東西到火星的成本太高，后文“Instead of building ... as part of the spaceship？”提出一種解決方法，C項(xiàng)(但弗林認(rèn)為他有辦法。)承前啟后。故選C。
3．答案：A
解析：根據(jù)前文內(nèi)容可知，植物很難在宇宙飛船中生長(zhǎng)，再根據(jù)后文“Algae are tiny plants that live in water.”可知，后文開(kāi)始介紹藻類(lèi)，所以設(shè)空處應(yīng)是提到用藻類(lèi)解決植物很難在宇宙飛船中生長(zhǎng)的問(wèn)題，A項(xiàng)(藻類(lèi)是一個(gè)不錯(cuò)的選擇。)符合文意。故選A。
4．答案：F
解析：設(shè)空處位于段首，為本段中心句，根據(jù)后文內(nèi)容可知，本段講述Water Walls回收系統(tǒng)的優(yōu)點(diǎn)，F(xiàn)項(xiàng)(這種機(jī)載回收系統(tǒng)有許多優(yōu)點(diǎn)。)概括本段內(nèi)容。故選F。
5．答案：E
解析：設(shè)空處位于段尾，是對(duì)前文的總結(jié)，根據(jù)前文內(nèi)容可知，此處是在講述水熊蟲(chóng)這種生物對(duì)于宇宙航行的優(yōu)勢(shì)，E項(xiàng)(要是我們能訓(xùn)練它們駕駛宇宙飛船就好了。)是對(duì)前文提到的水熊蟲(chóng)的假設(shè)，符合文意。故選E。
　精深閱讀
(2024·江西省部分學(xué)校高一下期末)Where is “space” exactly This may seem like a simple question, but the answer may be more difficult than you think.
Nowadays, most countries are generally in agreement that space begins when Earth's atmosphere ends. But no one can tell where atmosphere actually ends and outer space begins. This leaves the door open for a variety of explanations until the Karman Line was recognized by international laws. The so called Karman Line is an imaginary line 100 kilometers above Earth's surface. Once this line is crossed, the air is too thin and traditional planes would need to reach the speed of 30，564 kilometers per hour or risk falling back to Earth. According to the international laws, once pilots and aircraft cross that line, they are recognized as astronauts and spacecraft and are free to conduct space operations without concern for international borders.
In the early age of space exploration, the US defined space differently and insisted that space start 19.3 kilometers below the Karman Line, since the US was confident that it would lead and remain to be the leader in the traditional aircraft industry.
Well aware that the US wanted to operate advanced spying aircraft safely, many developing countries opposed the idea and sought to establish much higher space limits—965.6 kilometers above Earth's surface. This space limit makes things a bit difficult for every country, though. At that height, even the International Space Station and Tiangong Space Station (orbiting between 320 to 435 kilometers up), and many satellites (orbiting 869 kilometers up) would not be considered spacecraft!
In recent years, the US has been trying to determine a “safer border of space”. In 2009, it suggested that the border of space begin at 118 kilometers above Earth's surface. What was its argument this time It said that many breakthroughs have been made in space and spying technologies by other countries!
篇章導(dǎo)讀：本文是一篇議論文。文章主要探討了太空的起點(diǎn)在哪里這一問(wèn)題。
1．What is mentioned about the Karman Line according to the international laws
A．It is unsafe for some countries.
B．Traditional planes should not cross it.
C．Pilots can fly freely above it.
D．It is the highest line pilots can reach.
答案：C
解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“According to the international laws ... concern for international borders.”可知，根據(jù)國(guó)際法，飛行員一旦跨越了卡門(mén)線(xiàn)，就不用受?chē)?guó)際邊界的約束，能自由地飛行。故選C。
2．Many developing countries suggested that space begin at ________．
A．965.6 kilometers above Earth's surface
B．118 kilometers above Earth's surface
C．100 kilometers above Earth's surface
D．90.7 kilometers above Earth's surface
答案：A
解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中的“many developing countries ... above Earth's surface (許多發(fā)展中國(guó)家對(duì)這一想法表示反對(duì)，并尋求建立更高的太空限制——即在地球表面以上965.6公里處)”可知，許多發(fā)展中國(guó)家建議太空從地球表面以上965.6公里開(kāi)始。故選A。
3．What does the author most probably think of the US' suggestions
A．Smart. B．Unfair.
C．Scientific. D．Uncreative.
答案：B
解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段內(nèi)容可知，在太空探索的早期，美國(guó)堅(jiān)持太空始于卡門(mén)線(xiàn)以下19.3公里處，因?yàn)槊绹?guó)有信心在傳統(tǒng)的飛機(jī)工業(yè)中保持領(lǐng)先地位；根據(jù)最后一段內(nèi)容可知，美國(guó)因?yàn)檎J(rèn)為其他國(guó)家在太空和偵察技術(shù)方面取得了許多突破，因此提出太空邊界應(yīng)始于地球表面以上118公里處，由此可推知，美國(guó)的建議是從自己的利益出發(fā)，因此作者認(rèn)為這是不公平的。故選B。
4．What is the best title for the text
A．Where Does Space Begin Exactly
B．How High Should the Karman Line Be
C．How Can We Protect Our National Borders
D．Why Does the US Want to Change the Karman Line
答案：A
解析：標(biāo)題判斷題。通讀全文可知，文章在第一段提出關(guān)于太空的起點(diǎn)在哪里的問(wèn)題，后文分別介紹了不同的國(guó)家的看法。由此可知，A項(xiàng)(太空到底從哪里開(kāi)始？)最適合作為文章標(biāo)題。故選A。
精深閱讀——好詞句小練
(一)熱詞
1．a(chǎn)tmosphere n. 大氣層；空氣；氛圍，環(huán)境
2．conduct v. 進(jìn)行，組織，實(shí)施
3．define v. 解釋?zhuān)魂U明；標(biāo)明……界限
4．establish v. 建立；確立
5．breakthrough n. 重大進(jìn)展，突破
(二)高頻短語(yǔ)
6．seem like 似乎；看起來(lái)像是
7．a(chǎn) variety of 各種各樣的
8．be__recognized__as 被認(rèn)為是……
9．remain to be 依然是
10．seek__to__do__sth 試圖做某事
(三)根據(jù)語(yǔ)境填入恰當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容
11．I often create imaginary (imagine) worlds in my head when I'm bored.
12．Please provide a clear explanation (explain) of the rules before we start the game.
13．As a developing (develop) artist, she works hard to improve her painting skills every day.
(四)寫(xiě)出下列句子中黑體部分的漢語(yǔ)釋義
14．You can tell when someone is lying by looking at their eyes. 判斷
15．I need to learn how to operate this new software before I can start my project. 操作
16．The so called “experts” in this field often disagree with each other.所謂的
(五)用方框中單詞的正確形式替換下列句子中的黑體部分
reach， oppose， recognize
17．We considered this agreement to be an important step forward. recognized
18．Politicians again failed to achieve an agreement.reach
19．They strongly objected to the idea of building a new shopping mall in the historic district. opposed
(六)長(zhǎng)難句分析
20．In the early age of space exploration, the US defined space differently and insisted that space start 19.3 kilometers below the Karman Line, since the US was confident that it would lead and remain to be the leader in the traditional aircraft industry.
句意：在太空探索的早期，美國(guó)對(duì)太空的定義不同，并堅(jiān)持太空始于卡門(mén)線(xiàn)以下19.3公里處，因?yàn)槊绹?guó)相信自己將領(lǐng)導(dǎo)并保持傳統(tǒng)飛機(jī)工業(yè)的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者地位。
分析：主干是the__US__defined__...__and__insisted__...；第一個(gè)that引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句；since引導(dǎo)原因狀語(yǔ)從句；第二個(gè)that引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句。
(七)根據(jù)所給漢語(yǔ)，完成下列句子
21．They suggested that the question (should)__be__discussed (被討論) at the next meeting.
22．The team sought__to__win__the__championship (試圖贏得冠軍) by playing their best game.
(八)仿寫(xiě)句子
23．In recent years, the US has been trying to determine a “safer border of space”. (現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí))
仿寫(xiě)：她從昨晚10點(diǎn)起就一直在睡覺(jué)。
She__has__been__sleeping__since__10__o'clock__last__night.
16(共67張PPT)
WELCOME UNIT
UNIT 4　 SPACE EXPLORATION單元主題：人與自然——太空探索
Section Ⅰ Listening and Speaking
預(yù)學(xué)檢測(cè) 單詞打卡
自主學(xué)習(xí) 助力聽(tīng)說(shuō)
目錄
CONTENTS
1
2
合作探究 課時(shí)重點(diǎn)
3
對(duì)點(diǎn)練習(xí) 鞏固所學(xué)
4
課后課時(shí)作業(yè)
5
預(yù)學(xué)檢測(cè) 單詞打卡
一、閱讀單詞：寫(xiě)出漢語(yǔ)含義
1．cm abbr. (centimetre or centimeter) __________
2．pilot n. ________________
3．force n. ____________
二、核心單詞：寫(xiě)出英文單詞
1．__________ n. 宇航員；太空人
2．__________ adj. 有智慧的；聰明的；有智力的
三、拓展單詞：寫(xiě)出英文單詞，并嘗試寫(xiě)出其詞性轉(zhuǎn)換(可查字典)
1．__________ n. 程序；步驟；手續(xù)→__________ adj. 程序上的；程序性的
2．________ adj. 精神的；思想的→________ adv. 精神上；智力上
厘米
飛行員；領(lǐng)航員
力；力量
astronaut
intelligent
procedure
procedural
mental
mentally
自主學(xué)習(xí)　助力聽(tīng)說(shuō)
一、發(fā)音規(guī)則
英語(yǔ)中的重讀是指在單詞或短語(yǔ)中強(qiáng)調(diào)或突出某個(gè)音節(jié)、單詞或短語(yǔ)的發(fā)音。重讀在英語(yǔ)中非常重要，它可以幫助聽(tīng)者正確理解和解釋句子的含義。以下是一些英語(yǔ)重讀的規(guī)則和模式：
1．詞性影響
名詞、代詞、形容詞、副詞(特別是以 y結(jié)尾、以 s或 es結(jié)尾的表示時(shí)間、次數(shù)、頻率等的副詞)以及實(shí)義動(dòng)詞通常需要重讀。冠詞、介詞(單音節(jié)介詞通常不重讀，但雙音節(jié)和多音節(jié)介詞會(huì)重讀；位于句首或需要特殊強(qiáng)調(diào)的單音節(jié)介詞也會(huì)重讀)、連詞、助動(dòng)詞等虛詞通常不重讀。
2．音節(jié)影響
(1)所有的單音節(jié)單詞都需要重讀。
(2)雙音節(jié)單詞：名詞一般重讀第一個(gè)音節(jié)，動(dòng)詞一般重讀第二個(gè)音節(jié)。
(3)多音節(jié)單詞：通常重讀倒數(shù)第三個(gè)音節(jié)，但也有例外，如后綴為 ese、 eer、 ique時(shí)，一般重讀后綴；后綴為 ic時(shí)，一般重讀ic前一個(gè)音節(jié)；后綴為 al時(shí)，一般重讀單詞中間某個(gè)音節(jié)。
3．其他情況
以ate結(jié)尾的單詞：動(dòng)詞一般重讀ate，發(fā)音為/eit/；名詞一般輕讀ate，發(fā)音為/It/。形容詞修飾名詞時(shí)，通常重讀名詞；若只有形容詞，則重讀形容詞。在兩個(gè)形容詞修飾一個(gè)名詞的情況下，通常重讀第一個(gè)形容詞和名詞，中間不重讀。動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)中，通常重讀后面的介詞。
二、語(yǔ)境朗讀
1．試讀并寫(xiě)出以下句子中的重讀詞匯。
(1)The streets are wide and clean.
__________________________________________________________________
(2)I am so glad to see you again.
__________________________________________________________________
streets, wide, clean
so, glad, see, again
2．試讀并寫(xiě)出以下句子中重讀的虛詞。
(1)We saw him playing by the river.
__________________________________________________________________
(2)On my way to school, my bike was broken.
__________________________________________________________________
(3)Didn't I tell you yesterday
__________________________________________________________________
by
On
Didn't
3．試讀并體會(huì)下列對(duì)話(huà)中畫(huà)線(xiàn)處的重讀詞匯。
Alice: Hey, John, could you please pass me the salt I'm trying to season my steak．
John: Sure thing, Alice. Here you go. By the way, have you ever tried using just a pinch of pepper instead It really enhances the flavor.
Alice: Actually, I haven't. I usually stick to salt, but I'm willing to give it a try. Thanks for the suggestion．
John: You're welcome. You know, sometimes it's the little things that make a big difference. Like, adding a dash of lemon juice can completely transform a dish.
Alice: Interesting. I'll keep that in mind next time I'm cooking.
合作探究 課時(shí)重點(diǎn)
探究一　熱詞
（一）高頻詞
intelligence n. 智力；才智；智慧
It is intelligent to do ... 做……是明智的
intelligent system 智能系統(tǒng)
intelligent beings 外星人；智慧生物
high/low intelligence 高/低智商　
intelligence quotient (IQ) 智商
emotional intelligence 情商
artificial intelligence (AI)人工智能
1.intelligent adj. 有智慧的；聰明的；有智力的；智能的(教材P39)
【語(yǔ)境感知】
①Helen had a few intelligent things to say on the subject.
海倫在這個(gè)問(wèn)題上有幾句明智的話(huà)要說(shuō)。
②It is intelligent to learn from your mistakes and use that knowledge to improve.
從錯(cuò)誤中學(xué)習(xí)并利用這些知識(shí)來(lái)提升自己是明智的。
③Emotional intelligence, with its focus on both head and heart, may serve to point us in the right direction.
情商既注重頭腦，又注重心靈，它可以為我們指明正確的方向。
④In recent years, you may have read news about artificial intelligence (AI) creating its own art, such as painting or writing poems.
近年來(lái)，你可能讀到過(guò)關(guān)于人工智能進(jìn)行藝術(shù)創(chuàng)作的新聞，比如繪畫(huà)或?qū)懺?shī)。
【學(xué)會(huì)運(yùn)用】單句語(yǔ)法填空
①We build machines that are ________________ (intelligent) than we are.
②He didn't even have the _____________ (intelligent) to call for an ambulance.
③It's intelligent ________ (pause) when your feelings become bad.
【學(xué)會(huì)表達(dá)】翻譯句子
④告訴他們真相是明智的。
____________________________________________________________________
⑤有些人相信，外太空存在像人類(lèi)一樣的智慧型生物。
____________________________________________________________________
more intelligent
intelligence
to pause
It is intelligent to tell them the truth.
Some people believe that there are intelligent beings like mankind in outer space.
2.procedure n. 程序；步驟；手續(xù)→_____________ adj. 程序上的；程序性的
【語(yǔ)境感知】
To complete task efficiently, we need to follow the procedure carefully to keep it procedural.
為了高效完成任務(wù)，我們需要仔細(xì)遵循程序，使其符合程序。
procedural
（二）拓展詞
3.mental adj. 精神的；思想的→__________ adv. 精神上；智力上
【語(yǔ)境感知】
Reading books regularly exercises our mental muscles, making us mentally stronger.
經(jīng)常讀書(shū)鍛煉我們的腦力，使我們的精神更加強(qiáng)大。
mentally
【學(xué)會(huì)運(yùn)用】單句語(yǔ)法填空
①I(mǎi)n the future, I will get myself well prepared both ________ (mental) and physically for my college study.
②The two sides have spent most of their time arguing over __________ (procedure) problems.
【學(xué)會(huì)表達(dá)】翻譯句子
③做家務(wù)也可以是一種精神放松方式。
____________________________________________________________________
④按照慣常的程序行事是很重要的。
____________________________________________________________________
mentally
procedural
Doing housework can also be a form of mental relaxation.
It's important to follow the regular procedure.
對(duì)點(diǎn)練習(xí) 鞏固所學(xué)
a.匹配下列單詞的詞義 b.匹配下列短語(yǔ)的詞義
(___)1.curious (___)2.equipment (___)3.experience (___)4.astronaut (___)5.condition A．n. 宇航員；太空人 B．n. 狀況，狀態(tài)；條件 C．n. 設(shè)備，裝備 D．a(chǎn)dj. 好奇的，求知欲強(qiáng)的 E．n. 經(jīng)歷，經(jīng)驗(yàn) (___)6.pilot training (___)7.selection procedure (___)8.graduate from (___)9.education background (___)10.be selected to do sth A.畢業(yè)于……
B.被選中做某事
C.飛行員培訓(xùn)
D.教育背景
E.篩選程序
Ⅰ.匹配詞義
D
C
E
A
B
C
E
A
D
B
Ⅱ.默寫(xiě)單詞
1．________ adj. 精神的；思想的
2．________ n. 飛行員；領(lǐng)航員
3．__________ n. 宇航員；太空人
4．________ adj. 相關(guān)的；有聯(lián)系的
5．___________ adj. 有智慧的；聰明的；有智力的
mental
pilot
astronaut
related
intelligent
6．________ abbr. 厘米
7．___________ n. 程序；步驟；手續(xù)
8．________ v. (使)快速旋轉(zhuǎn)
9．________ n. 力；力量
10．________ adj. 身體的
cm
procedure
spin
force
physical
Ⅲ.單句語(yǔ)法填空
1．It's estimated that she is 180 cm in ________ (high).
2．She is highly ___________ (intelligence) but her work lacks organization.
3．Becoming a firefighter requires special ___________ (train) to deal with emergencies and save lives.
4．He is __________ (mental) ill and cannot be held responsible for his actions.
height
intelligent
training
mentally
5．She believed that she _____________ (achieve) her dream of becoming a doctor one day.
6．Much of the crime in this area is related ________ drug abuse.
7．________ (be) an astronaut requires a great deal of courage, determination, and a passion for space exploration.
8．She failed to satisfy all the ______________ (require) for entry to the college.
would achieve
to
Being
requirements
Ⅳ.選詞填空
1．All the __________ must be done in the correct order.
2．He changed our world through the __________ of his ideas.
3．She __________ round as the man, with a holler, burst through the door.
4．Then, slowly, the kite started to come __________．
procedures
cm, condition, astronaut, force, address, spin, procedure, down
force
spun
down
5．The snake usually reaches a length of 100 ________.
6．Everyone in the group exchanged email __________．
7．The ____________ are preparing for touchdown tomorrow morning.
8．After the accident, the patient was rushed to the hospital and is now being treated in a stable ___________．
cm
addresses
astronauts
condition
Ⅴ.完成表達(dá)
1．Steve ________________ (對(duì)……感到好奇) the world I came from.
2．When asked why he went there, he said he was sent there ________________ (接受訓(xùn)練) for a space flight.
3．We must ______________________________ (關(guān)注英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法) when we learn English.
was curious about
to be trained
pay attention to English grammar
Ⅵ.完整表達(dá)
1．她關(guān)掉了煤氣，夠機(jī)靈的。
____________________________________________________________________
2．他不但讀了這本書(shū)，而且記得所讀的內(nèi)容。
____________________________________________________________________
3．他在18歲時(shí)取得了他的第一個(gè)顯著成就。
____________________________________________________________________
She was intelligent enough to turn off the gas.
He not only read the book, but also remembered what he had read.
He made his first notable achievement at the age of 18.
課后課時(shí)作業(yè)
較易題(占比70%)　中檔題(占比30%)　拔高題(占比0%)
Ⅰ　閱讀
A
(2024·山東省濟(jì)南市高一下期末)We can see the moon every day, but in fact, humans have not been able to see the true face of the moon. For example, we all view the same side of it—the near side. So why don't we ever see the far side of the moon
題號(hào) Ⅰ Ⅱ
A B
難度 ★ ★★ ★
The secret behind this fascinating mystery is “tidal locking (潮汐鎖定)”. To better understand it, let's imagine two friends holding hands and turning around. As they turn, they always face each other because they're locked in position by their hands. Similarly, the moon is locked to Earth by tidal force, which means it takes just as long for the moon to turn about its axis (軸) as it does to go around Earth. As a result, we always see the same side of the moon from our position on Earth, while the opposite side, known as the far side or the dark side, remains hidden from view.
Now, you might be wondering why people use the term “dark side” when referring to the far side of the moon. Contrary to popular belief, the far side isn't always in darkness. Like the near side, it experiences day and night. However, since we can't observe it from Earth, it often lies in mystery, and thus it gets this name.
Although we'll never see the far side of the moon directly from Earth, humanity has found ways to explore it. Several spacecrafts have taken photos which furthered our understanding of the lunar far side. In June 2024, China's Chang'e 6 made a soft landing on the far side of the moon and sent back more closeup photos. It brought back soil and rocks collected from there, opening a new chapter in lunar exploration and enabling scientists to discover what they didn't know about the moon.
篇章導(dǎo)讀：本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了人類(lèi)無(wú)法看到月球背面的原因。
There is still so much more to explore on the lunar far side. For example, the far side of the moon is a rare and quiet place free from radio signals reflecting from our planet, which allows scientists to study space phenomena with greater clarity, making it a perfect location for studying space using radio waves.
1．How does the writer explain “tidal locking” in Paragraph 2
A．By analyzing data. B．By quoting a study.
C．By giving an example. D．By comparing findings.
解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中的“To better understand it ... to go around Earth. (為了更好地理解它，讓我們想象兩個(gè)朋友手牽著手轉(zhuǎn)圈。當(dāng)他們轉(zhuǎn)圈時(shí)，他們總是面對(duì)著對(duì)方，因?yàn)樗麄儽皇宙i定了位置。同樣地，月球被潮汐力鎖定在地球上，這意味著月球繞其軸旋轉(zhuǎn)所需的時(shí)間與月球繞地球旋轉(zhuǎn)所需的時(shí)間一樣長(zhǎng)。)”可推知，第二段通過(guò)舉兩個(gè)朋友牽手轉(zhuǎn)圈的例子，來(lái)說(shuō)明潮汐鎖定。故選C。
2．What is a common misunderstanding of the far side of the moon
A．There lives unknown life.
B．It shouldn't be disturbed.
C．It is visible from Earth.
D．There is no sunlight.
解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的“Contrary to popular belief, the far side isn't always in darkness.”可知，普遍的看法是月球的背面總是黑暗的，沒(méi)有陽(yáng)光。故選D。
3．Why is Chang'e 6 mentioned in Paragraph 4
A．To share a well known legend.
B．To explain its working principle.
C．To promote an advanced technology.
D．To show efforts of lunar exploration.
解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段中的“In June 2024 ... know about the moon.”可知，嫦娥六號(hào)發(fā)回特寫(xiě)照片并帶回收集的土壤和巖石，開(kāi)啟了月球探索的新篇章。由此可推知，提到嫦娥6號(hào)旨在展示月球探索的成果。故選D。
4．What is the last paragraph mainly about
A．Hidden value of the lunar far side.
B．Detailed information of mysteries.
C．Special advantages of radio waves.
D．Brief reviews of moon exploration.
解析：段落大意題。根據(jù)最后一段內(nèi)容可知，月球背面沒(méi)有來(lái)自我們星球的無(wú)線(xiàn)電信號(hào)反射，這使得科學(xué)家能夠更清晰地研究太空現(xiàn)象，使其成為使用無(wú)線(xiàn)電波研究太空的理想地點(diǎn)。由此可知，最后一段主要說(shuō)明月球背面的隱藏價(jià)值。故選A。
B
(2024·陜西省西安市臨潼區(qū)高一下期末)A Japanese company tried to land the first M1 private space vehicle on the Moon. However, on 25 April, the M1 spacecraft became the latest in a long line of Moon missions that didn't quite make it. Until now, only three government－funded space agencies have soft－landed on the Moon and only China is successful in its first attempt.
Why is it so hard to touch down safely on the Moon
Getting a mission to the Moon, around 384，000 kilometres from the Earth, is much more intricate than sending a satellite into low－Earth orbit—and failures can occur early on, even for missions that don't plan to land. This happened with NASA's Lunar Flashlight mission, a small spacecraft that was launched in December and was supposed to map the Moon's ice. Its engines stopped working soon after launch.
Even if a lander makes it to the neighborhood of the Moon, it still has to find its way down to the surface with no global－positioning satellites for guidance and virtually no atmosphere to help to slow it down. Once it gets within the critical (關(guān)鍵的) last few kilometres, its software has to deal quickly and autonomously with any last－minute challenges, such as its sensors potentially becoming confused by large amounts of dust kicked up by the engines.
To pull off a successful landing in such a challenging environment, the government－funded space agencies have spent huge amount of money on repeated tests and have learned a lot from each failed and successful attempt.
篇章導(dǎo)讀：本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要解釋了月球與地球的距離、月球的環(huán)境特點(diǎn)以及歷史上政府資助的太空機(jī)構(gòu)在月球著陸方面的經(jīng)驗(yàn)和教訓(xùn)，說(shuō)明了月球著陸的復(fù)雜性和挑戰(zhàn)性。
“In the 1960s, when the United States and the Soviet Union were racing to land there, they crashed spacecraft after spacecraft before each finally succeeded in 1966，” says Stephen Indyk, director of space systems at Honeybee Robotics in Greenbelt, Maryland. “Without lessons learned from the setbacks (挫折) and successes, it's a lot to ask of a private company to get it right in the first attempt.”
5．What can be learned about M1 spacecraft
A．It became the latest unsuccessful Mars mission.
B．It was launched by an American private company.
C．It was the company's first public－funded space vehicle.
D．It failed to soft－land on the surface of the Moon.
解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的“A Japanese company ... quite make it.”可知，M1太空飛行器未能成功在月球表面軟著陸。故選D。
6．Which of the following can best replace the underlined word “intricate” in Paragraph 3
A．simple
B．demanding
C．inflexible
D．unfortunate
解析：詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)畫(huà)線(xiàn)詞下文“and failures can occur early on, even for missions that don't plan to land (而且即使是不打算著陸的任務(wù)，也可能在早期就出現(xiàn)失敗)”可推知，執(zhí)行登月任務(wù)比將衛(wèi)星送入近地軌道要復(fù)雜，說(shuō)明要求比較高。故選B。
7．What is Paragraph 4 mainly about
A．The reasons to land on the Moon.
B．The necessity of teamwork.
C．The landing challenges.
D．The costs of space exploration.
解析：段落大意題。根據(jù)第四段“Even if a lander ... by the engines.(即使著陸器到達(dá)了月球附近，它仍然需要在沒(méi)有全球定位衛(wèi)星引導(dǎo)和幾乎沒(méi)有大氣層幫助減速的情況下找到降落到月球表面的路。一旦進(jìn)入關(guān)鍵的最后幾公里，它的軟件必須迅速自主地處理任何最后一分鐘的挑戰(zhàn)，比如發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)揚(yáng)起的大量灰塵可能會(huì)使其傳感器產(chǎn)生混淆。)”可知，本段主要講述了在如此具有挑戰(zhàn)性的環(huán)境中成功著陸月球需要面對(duì)的挑戰(zhàn)。故選C。
8．In which part of a magazine can we read this passage
A．Technology.
B．Environment.
C．Culture.
D．Economy.
解析：推理判斷題。通讀全文可知，本文主要討論了日本公司嘗試將首個(gè)私人太空飛行器M1降落在月球上但未能成功的情況，以及月球著陸的復(fù)雜性和挑戰(zhàn)性。文章涉及太空技術(shù)、太空任務(wù)和太空探索等方面的內(nèi)容，與科技緊密相關(guān)。由此可推知，這篇文章最有可能出現(xiàn)在雜志的科技部分。故選A。
Ⅱ　七選五
(2024· 廣東省廣州市增城區(qū)高一下期末)Sending astronauts to Mars is a big challenge. It's a long, dangerous journey. And astronauts will have to take EVERYTHING they need. __1__
Launching things into space is expensive. “To get to Mars, we already have the technology，” says Michael Flynn. “The problem is, it's costly.”
__2__ Instead of building a heavy spaceship and packing it full of stuff, why not build Water Walls—a recycling system and use the stuff as part of the spaceship
Making oxygen and taking away carbon dioxide—the waste gas you breathe out—is one problem in space. Water Walls will remove carbon dioxide the same way it's done here on Earth—with living plants. Living plants take in carbon dioxide to make their food, and give off oxygen. But plants are hard to grow in a spacecraft. __3__
Algae are tiny plants that live in water. The algae will live in bags in the walls too, fed by poop and sunlight, eating up carbon dioxide and making oxygen for the astronauts to breathe.
__4__ It‘s compact (緊密的), efficient, and doesn’t need a lot of fancy machinery that might break down. A mission to Mars will require astronauts to get back to nature.
Alas, the human body needs a lot of help to survive in space. If only we were more like the tardigrade (水熊蟲(chóng))! Tardigrades are very tiny insect like creatures that live in soil. When they find themselves in danger, they roll themselves up into a ball and dry out. In this state they can survive without food or water for 100 years. __5__
篇章導(dǎo)讀：本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章介紹了Water Walls回收系統(tǒng)，并提到了藻類(lèi)作為可能的選擇，以及這種系統(tǒng)的一些優(yōu)勢(shì)。
A．Algae can be a good choice.
B．Nothing is wasted in the spacecraft.
C．But Flynn thinks he has a solution.
D．So a trip to Mars is full of packing challenge.
E．If only we could train them to fly a spaceship.
F．This onboard recycling system has many advantages.
G．The more you take, the more rockets you must launch, and the more it costs.
1．答案：D
2．答案：C
解析：根據(jù)前文“Sending astronauts to Mars ... take EVERYTHING they need.(將宇航員送上火星是一項(xiàng)巨大的挑戰(zhàn)。這是一段漫長(zhǎng)而危險(xiǎn)的旅程。宇航員將不得不帶上他們所需要的一切。)”可知，D項(xiàng)(所以火星之旅充滿(mǎn)了打包的挑戰(zhàn)。)是對(duì)前文的總結(jié)。故選D。
解析：根據(jù)前文“Launching things into space is expensive ... it's costly.”可知，此處講述送東西到火星的成本太高，后文“Instead of building ... as part of the spaceship？”提出一種解決方法，C項(xiàng)(但弗林認(rèn)為他有辦法。)承前啟后。故選C。
3．答案：A
4．答案：F
解析：根據(jù)前文內(nèi)容可知，植物很難在宇宙飛船中生長(zhǎng)，再根據(jù)后文“Algae are tiny plants that live in water.”可知，后文開(kāi)始介紹藻類(lèi)，所以設(shè)空處應(yīng)是提到用藻類(lèi)解決植物很難在宇宙飛船中生長(zhǎng)的問(wèn)題，A項(xiàng)(藻類(lèi)是一個(gè)不錯(cuò)的選擇。)符合文意。故選A。
解析：設(shè)空處位于段首，為本段中心句，根據(jù)后文內(nèi)容可知，本段講述Water Walls回收系統(tǒng)的優(yōu)點(diǎn)，F(xiàn)項(xiàng)(這種機(jī)載回收系統(tǒng)有許多優(yōu)點(diǎn)。)概括本段內(nèi)容。故選F。
解析：設(shè)空處位于段尾，是對(duì)前文的總結(jié)，根據(jù)前文內(nèi)容可知，此處是在講述水熊蟲(chóng)這種生物對(duì)于宇宙航行的優(yōu)勢(shì)，E項(xiàng)(要是我們能訓(xùn)練它們駕駛宇宙飛船就好了。)是對(duì)前文提到的水熊蟲(chóng)的假設(shè)，符合文意。故選E。
5．答案：E
(2024·江西省部分學(xué)校高一下期末)Where is “space” exactly This may seem like a simple question, but the answer may be more difficult than you think.
精深閱讀
Nowadays, most countries are generally in agreement that space begins when Earth's atmosphere ends. But no one can tell where atmosphere actually ends and outer space begins. This leaves the door open for a variety of explanations until the Karman Line was recognized by international laws. The so called Karman Line is an imaginary line 100 kilometers above Earth's surface. Once this line is crossed, the air is too thin and traditional planes would need to reach the speed of 30，564 kilometers per hour or risk falling back to Earth. According to the international laws, once pilots and aircraft cross that line, they are recognized as astronauts and spacecraft and are free to conduct space operations without concern for international borders.
In the early age of space exploration, the US defined space differently and insisted that space start 19.3 kilometers below the Karman Line, since the US was confident that it would lead and remain to be the leader in the traditional aircraft industry.
Well aware that the US wanted to operate advanced spying aircraft safely, many developing countries opposed the idea and sought to establish much higher space limits—965.6 kilometers above Earth's surface. This space limit makes things a bit difficult for every country, though. At that height, even the International Space Station and Tiangong Space Station (orbiting between 320 to 435 kilometers up), and many satellites (orbiting 869 kilometers up) would not be considered spacecraft!
篇章導(dǎo)讀：本文是一篇議論文。文章主要探討了太空的起點(diǎn)在哪里這一問(wèn)題。
In recent years, the US has been trying to determine a “safer border of space”. In 2009, it suggested that the border of space begin at 118 kilometers above Earth's surface. What was its argument this time It said that many breakthroughs have been made in space and spying technologies by other countries!
1．What is mentioned about the Karman Line according to the international laws
A．It is unsafe for some countries.
B．Traditional planes should not cross it.
C．Pilots can fly freely above it.
D．It is the highest line pilots can reach.
解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“According to the international laws ... concern for international borders.”可知，根據(jù)國(guó)際法，飛行員一旦跨越了卡門(mén)線(xiàn)，就不用受?chē)?guó)際邊界的約束，能自由地飛行。故選C。
2．Many developing countries suggested that space begin at ________．
A．965.6 kilometers above Earth's surface
B．118 kilometers above Earth's surface
C．100 kilometers above Earth's surface
D．90.7 kilometers above Earth's surface
解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中的“many developing countries ... above Earth's surface (許多發(fā)展中國(guó)家對(duì)這一想法表示反對(duì)，并尋求建立更高的太空限制——即在地球表面以上965.6公里處)”可知，許多發(fā)展中國(guó)家建議太空從地球表面以上965.6公里開(kāi)始。故選A。
3．What does the author most probably think of the US' suggestions
A．Smart. B．Unfair.
C．Scientific. D．Uncreative.
解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段內(nèi)容可知，在太空探索的早期，美國(guó)堅(jiān)持太空始于卡門(mén)線(xiàn)以下19.3公里處，因?yàn)槊绹?guó)有信心在傳統(tǒng)的飛機(jī)工業(yè)中保持領(lǐng)先地位；根據(jù)最后一段內(nèi)容可知，美國(guó)因?yàn)檎J(rèn)為其他國(guó)家在太空和偵察技術(shù)方面取得了許多突破，因此提出太空邊界應(yīng)始于地球表面以上118公里處，由此可推知，美國(guó)的建議是從自己的利益出發(fā)，因此作者認(rèn)為這是不公平的。故選B。
4．What is the best title for the text
A．Where Does Space Begin Exactly
B．How High Should the Karman Line Be
C．How Can We Protect Our National Borders
D．Why Does the US Want to Change the Karman Line
解析：標(biāo)題判斷題。通讀全文可知，文章在第一段提出關(guān)于太空的起點(diǎn)在哪里的問(wèn)題，后文分別介紹了不同的國(guó)家的看法。由此可知，A項(xiàng)(太空到底從哪里開(kāi)始？)最適合作為文章標(biāo)題。故選A。
精深閱讀——好詞句小練
(一)熱詞
1．a(chǎn)tmosphere n. ____________________________
2．________ v. 進(jìn)行，組織，實(shí)施
3．define v. ____________________________
4．________ v. 建立；確立
5．breakthrough n. ________________
大氣層；空氣；氛圍，環(huán)境
conduct
解釋?zhuān)魂U明；標(biāo)明……界限
establish
重大進(jìn)展，突破
(二)高頻短語(yǔ)
6．seem like ___________________
7．a(chǎn) variety of ________________
8．________________ 被認(rèn)為是……
9．remain to be ________________
10．________________ 試圖做某事
似乎；看起來(lái)像是
各種各樣的
be recognized as
依然是
seek to do sth
(三)根據(jù)語(yǔ)境填入恰當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容
11．I often create ___________ (imagine) worlds in my head when I'm bored.
12．Please provide a clear ______________ (explain) of the rules before we start the game.
13．As a __________ (develop) artist, she works hard to improve her painting skills every day.
imaginary
explanation
developing
(四)寫(xiě)出下列句子中黑體部分的漢語(yǔ)釋義
14．You can tell when someone is lying by looking at their eyes. ____________
15．I need to learn how to operate this new software before I can start my project. ____________
16．The so called “experts” in this field often disagree with each other.__________
判斷
操作
所謂的
(五)用方框中單詞的正確形式替換下列句子中的黑體部分
17．We considered this agreement to be an important step forward. ___________
18．Politicians again failed to achieve an agreement.________
19．They strongly objected to the idea of building a new shopping mall in the historic district. ________
recognized
reach， oppose， recognize
reach
opposed
(六)長(zhǎng)難句分析
20．In the early age of space exploration, the US defined space differently and insisted that space start 19.3 kilometers below the Karman Line, since the US was confident that it would lead and remain to be the leader in the traditional aircraft industry.
句意：在太空探索的早期，美國(guó)對(duì)太空的定義不同，并堅(jiān)持太空始于卡門(mén)線(xiàn)以下19.3公里處，因?yàn)槊绹?guó)相信自己將領(lǐng)導(dǎo)并保持傳統(tǒng)飛機(jī)工業(yè)的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者地位。
分析：主干是____________________________；第一個(gè)that引導(dǎo)_______從句；since引導(dǎo)______________從句；第二個(gè)that引導(dǎo)________從句。
the US defined ... and insisted ...
賓語(yǔ)
原因狀語(yǔ)
賓語(yǔ)
(七)根據(jù)所給漢語(yǔ)，完成下列句子
21．They suggested that the question ____________________ (被討論) at the next meeting.
22．The team __________________________ (試圖贏得冠軍) by playing their best game.
(八)仿寫(xiě)句子
23．In recent years, the US has been trying to determine a “safer border of space”. (現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí))
仿寫(xiě)：她從昨晚10點(diǎn)起就一直在睡覺(jué)。
____________________________________________________________________
(should) be discussed
She has been sleeping since 10 o'clock last night.
sought to win the championship

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