資源簡介 英語 必修 第三冊 RJSection Ⅱ Reading and Thinking一、閱讀單詞及詞塊：寫出漢語含義1．gravity n. 重力；引力2．frontier n. 邊境；國界；邊遠地區3．vehicle n. 交通工具；車輛4．determined adj. 有決心的；意志堅定的5．satellite n. 人造衛星；衛星6．orbit n. (環繞地球、太陽等運行的)軌道；勢力范圍 vt.& vi. 沿軌道運行；環繞……運行7．giant adj. 巨大的；偉大的 n. 巨人；巨獸；偉人8．mankind n. 人類9．agency n. (政府的)專門機構；服務機構；代理處10．data n. [pl.] 資料；數據11．on board 在宇宙飛船上；在船上；在飛機上12．spacecraft n. 航天器；宇宙飛船13．disappointment n. 失望；沮喪14．universe n. 宇宙；天地萬物15．spacewalk n. 太空行走；太空行走的時間16．jade n. 玉；翡翠；玉器17．module n. 艙；組件；模塊二、核心單詞：寫出英文單詞1．determine vt. 查明；確定；決定2．launch vt.& n. 發射；發起；上市3．leap n. 跳躍；劇增；劇變 vi.& vt. 跳過；躍過4．disappointment n. 失望；沮喪5．desire n. 渴望；欲望 vt. 渴望；期望6．signal vt.& vi. 標志著；標明；發信號 n. 信號；標志三、拓展單詞：寫出英文單詞，并嘗試寫出其詞性轉換(可查字典)1．transmit vt.& vi. 傳輸；發送→transmission n. 傳輸；傳遞2．independent adj. 獨立的；自立的→independence n. 獨立(之日)；自主；自立 →independently adv. 獨立地；自立地四、熟詞生義：寫出熟義rocket 熟義：n. 火箭；火箭彈生義：v. 快速增長；猛增五、核心短語：寫出英語表達1．carry__on 繼續做，堅持干2．in__the__hope__of__...__ 抱著……的希望3．so__as__to__(do__sth) 為了；以便課文三維剖析SPACE: THE FINAL FRONTIER太空：最后的邊境“Are we alone What's out there？” People have always looked up at the stars and wondered about space. Today, scientists design vehicles to carry astronauts into space to make important discoveries1. Space__exploration__has__come__a__long__way,__and__we__now__hope__to__discover__other__planets__that__are__suitable__enough__to__support__life. 1不定式短語作目的狀語“我們是孤家寡人嗎？外面還有什么呢？”仰望星空，人們一直想要更加深刻地認識太空。科學家們也正在努力尋求答案。他們研制出飛行器，將勇敢者送入太空，去探尋宇宙的奧秘。太空探索已經取得長足的發展，而現在，他們也十分希望發現能夠維持生命存在的其他行星。Before the mid 20th century, most people felt travelling into space2 was only a dream that3 could never come true. However, scientists were determined to realise that dream. After__many__experiments,__they__succeeded__in__making__rockets__that__could__escape__Earth's__gravity. On 4 October 1957, the Sputnik 1 satellite was launched by the USSR and successfully orbited around Earth. Afterwards, the USSR focused on sending people into space, and on 12 April 1961, Yuri Gagarin became the first person in the world to enter space4. Over eight years later, on 20 July 1969, American astronaut Neil Armstrong stepped onto the moon, famously saying5，“That's one small step for [a] man, one giant leap for mankind.” Following this, there were many more important space achievements. For example, on 5 September 1977, America's NASA space agency launched Voyager 1 to study deep space6, and7 it still transmits data to this day. And the International Space Station (1998) has provided a continuous human presence in space, with astronauts from many different countries on board8. 2動名詞短語作主語 3引導定語從句，修飾dream 4不定式短語作后置定語，修飾the__first__person 5現在分詞作伴隨狀語 6不定式短語作目的狀語 7連接并列分句 8with復合結構作狀語二十世紀中葉之前，大部分人認為在太空旅行是一個無法實現的夢。然而，科學家們決意要幫助人類實現這個夢想。無數次實驗之后，他們終于成功研制出能夠擺脫地心引力的火箭。1957年10月4日，“旅伴一號”人造衛星在蘇聯發射升空，并成功環繞地球運行。之后，蘇聯專注于載人太空飛行。1961年4月12日，尤里·加加林成為世界上進入太空的第一人。八年后，美國宇航員尼爾·阿姆斯特朗于1969年7月20日踏上月球，說出了那句名言： “對一個人來說，這是一小步；對人類來說，這是一大步。”此后，諸多其他目標得以實現。例如，為了研究外太空，美國國家航空航天局于1977年9月5日發射“旅行者一號”，該探測器至今仍在傳回數據。再如，國際空間站(1998年建立)使得人類能夠持續在太空中開展工作，上面的宇航員來自不同國家。Although__scientists__try__to__make__sure__nothing__goes__wrong,__accidents__can__still__happen. For example, all the astronauts on the Soyuz 11, Challenger, and Columbia spacecraft died during their missions. However, while9 such disasters brought much sadness and disappointment, the desire to explore the universe10 did not die. This is because11 people believe in the importance of carrying on space exploration12 despite the huge risks. 9引導讓步狀語從句，意為“雖然，盡管” 10不定式短語作后置定語，修飾the__desire 11引導表語從句 12動名詞短語作介詞of的賓語雖然科學家們極力確保萬無一失，但事故仍時有發生。例如，“聯盟11號”“挑戰者號”和“哥倫比亞號”宇宙飛船上的宇航員們在執行任務時全部遇難。這些悲劇使人倍感傷心與失望，但是，探索宇宙的愿望永不磨滅。這是因為人們堅信太空探索的重要性，哪怕面臨巨大的風險。 China's space programme started later than those of Russia and the US, but it has made great progress in a short time. China became the third country in the world to independently send humans into space13 in 2003, when14 Yang Liwei successfully orbited Earth in the Shenzhou 5 spacecraft. Then Shenzhou 6 and 7 completed a second manned orbit15 and the first Chinese spacewalk, followed by16 the vehicle Jade Rabbit being sent to the moon to study its surface. On 23 July 2020, China sent Tianwen 1 to explore the surface of Mars17. It arrived in February 2021 and then sent back lots of valuable information. And from 2021 to 2022, China completed a number of rocket missions to establish its own space station18. In 2022, the launch of the Mengtian module signalled the basic completion of the Tiangong Space Station. This modern space station will allow astronauts to conduct many important experiments, greatly furthering our understanding of the universe19. 13不定式短語作后置定語，修飾the__third__country 14引導非限制性定語從句 15“不定冠詞＋序數詞＋名詞”表示“又……，再……” 16過去分詞短語作狀語 17不定式短語作目的狀語 18不定式短語作目的狀語 19現在分詞短語作結果狀語中國的太空項目起步晚于俄羅斯和美國，但在短時間內發展迅速。2003年，楊利偉乘坐“神舟五號”宇宙飛船成功環繞地球運行，中國成為世界上第三個能夠獨立將人類送入太空的國家。此后，“神舟六號”和“神舟七號”分別完成了第二次載人環繞地球飛行以及中國人的第一次太空行走。緊接著，“玉兔號”月球車飛抵月球，開展月球表面研究。2020年7月23日，中國發射“天問一號”探測火星表面。它于2021年2月抵達，隨后發回大量有價值的信息。從2021年到2022年，中國完成了多次火箭(發射)任務，建立了自己的空間站。2022年，“夢天”太空艙的發射標志著天宮空間站基本建成。這個現代化的空間站使得宇航員們能夠開展很多重要實驗，從而大大加深我們對宇宙的了解。The__future__of__space__exploration__remains__bright. Many countries have plans to further study planets20 like Mars and Jupiter. Despite the difficulties, scientists hope to make more valuable discoveries that21 will enable the human race to survive well22 into the future. 20不定式短語作后置定語 21引導定語從句，在從句中作主語 22不定式短語作賓語補足語太空探索的未來仍然是光明的。很多國家都已制訂計劃，將進一步研究火星、木星等行星。盡管困難重重，科學家們希望獲得更多有價值的發現，讓人類延續生存，直到未來。閱讀領悟(一)課文段意連線(D)Para.1(B)Para.2(E)Para.3(A)Para.4(C)Para.5 A．China has made great progress in space exploration in the early 21st century, becoming the third country to send humans to space.B．Space travel became a reality in the 20th century, with American and Soviet space missions.C．The future of space exploration looks bright, as many countries are planning further missions.D．Humans have always had a natural curiosity about space.E．Space travel has always involved great risk, but despite the risks exploration continues.(二)細節理解填空(三)相關話題語塊1．realise__the__dream__to__explore__space 實現探索太空的夢想2．launch__satellites 發射衛星3．one__giant__leap__for__mankind 人類巨大的一步4．achieve__many__goals 實現很多目標5．explore__the__universe 探索宇宙6．carry on space exploration 進行太空探索7．despite the huge risks 盡管有巨大的風險8．make great progress in a short time 在短時間內取得巨大的進步9．signal one step further 標志著往前一步10．survive well 好好生存探究一 熱詞(一)高頻詞1.determined adj. 有決心的，意志堅定的(教材P40) determine vt. 查明；確定；決定 determination n. 決心；決定 determine to do sth 決心做某事(表示動作) determine on/upon (doing) sth 決定(做)某事 be determined to do sth 決心做某事(表示狀態) be determined that ... 決心……【語境感知】①I was proud of his strong determination.我為他堅毅的決心而驕傲。②He determined to start his own business after years of working for someone else.在為別人工作多年后，他決定自己創業。③After careful consideration, she determined on pursuing a career in medicine.經過深思熟慮后，她決定從事醫學事業。④She is determined to finish her studies despite the challenges she faces.她下定決心要完成學業，盡管面臨諸多挑戰。【學會運用】單句語法填空①The parents were determined that the two girls should be fully self supporting.②I determine to__continue (continue) to research in this area and improve my study in the future.③There was an expression of fierce determination (determine) on her face.【學會表達】翻譯句子④他下決心要成為一名優秀的籃球運動員。He__was__determined__to__become__an__excellent__basketball__player.⑤我已經決定畢業后去西藏。I__have__determined__on/upon__going__to__Tibet__after__graduation.2.launch vt.& n. 發射；發起；上市；使投身于(事業等)(教材P40) launch a rocket/communications satellite 發射火箭/通信衛星 launch (oneself) into (熱情地)開始做，投入 launch out 開始從事，投身于(新的、尤指更令人興奮的事業) the launch of ……的發射/發起/上市【語境感知】①NASA launched a communications satellite to improve communication links.NASA發射了一顆通信衛星以改善通信鏈路。②She launched herself into a new hobby, painting landscapes in her free time.她投身于一項新愛好，即在空閑時間畫風景畫。③It's time I launched out on my own.該是我自己創業的時候了。④The launch of a series of new car models has contributed to the growth of the automobile industry.一系列新車型的推出促進了汽車行業的發展。【學會運用】單句語法填空①The publishing house is going to launch out a new journal.②She launched herself into her studies with renewed determination.③The launch of the new smartphone model attracted huge crowds and media attention.【學會表達】翻譯句子④為了籌集15萬美元，該組織發起了一場募捐活動。The__organization__launched__a__campaign__to__raise__$150，000.⑤科學家們成功地將一顆衛星送入軌道，以研究地球的大氣層。Scientists__successfully__launched__a__satellite__into__orbit__to__study__the__planet's__atmosphere.3.leap n. 跳躍；劇增；劇變 vi.& vt. 跳過；躍過(教材P40) a leap in ... ……的驟變/劇增/激增 make/take a leap 縱身一跳；飛速增長 leap up 躍起 leap at 迅速抓住；急切地接受(機會) look before you leap 三思而后行【語境感知】①The invention of the Internet was a leap in human communication and connectivity.互聯網的發明是人類溝通和連接方面的一大飛躍。②She took a flying leap and landed on the other side of the stream.她縱身一躍，落在了小溪的另一邊。③The cat leaped up onto the counter as soon as it saw the fish on the plate.貓一看到盤子里的魚，就跳上了柜臺。④The post of principal of the theatre school became vacant and he leapt at the chance.戲劇學校校長的職位空缺了，他抓住了這個機會。【學會運用】單句語法填空①There is a great leap in technology advancement since the invention of smartphones.②When I offered her the job, she leapt at it immediately.③He leaped up from his chair when he heard the good news.【學會表達】翻譯句子④不管你想做什么事，請三思而后行。No__matter__what__you__want__to__do,__please__look__before__you__leap.⑤宋代是城市發展史上的一次飛躍和重要轉折。The__development__of__the__city__was__an__important__transition__and__a__leap__in__the__Song__Dynasty.4.disappointment n. 失望；沮喪(教材 P41) disappoint v. 使失望 disappointing adj. 令人失望的 disappointed adj. 失望的；沮喪的 be disappointed at/by sth 對某事感到失望 be disappointed in/with sb/sth 對某人/某事感到失望 be disappointed to do sth 做某事很失望 be disappointed that ... 失望的是…… to one's disappointment 令某人失望的是【語境感知】①The wine was excellent, but the food was disappointing.酒很好，但食物令人失望。②She was disappointed at the outcome of the game, despite her team's best efforts.盡管她的團隊已經盡力了，但她對比賽的結果還是很失望。③I am disappointed in you—I really thought I could trust you!你真讓我失望——我原以為可以相信你的！④In the next spring, he reached the same spot but was disappointed to find only leaves.第二年春天，他來到了同一個地方，但失望地發現只有樹葉。⑤I was disappointed that John was not there.我很失望約翰不在那兒。⑥To Edward's disappointment, Gina never turned up at the party.令愛德華失望的是，吉娜從未出現在聚會上。【學會運用】單句語法填空①In spite of his disappointment (disappoint), he managed a weak smile.②Our defeat was expected but it is disappointing (disappoint) nevertheless.③He was disappointed to__see (see) she wasn't in the match.【學會表達】翻譯句子④令我非常失望的是，他拒絕幫助我。To__my__great__disappointment,__he__refused__to__help__me.⑤他們對結果感到失望是可以理解的。They__were__understandably__disappointed__with__the__result.5.desire n. 渴望；欲望 vt. 渴望；期望(教材P41) have a/no desire for sth 急于想得到某物/對某物沒有欲望 have a desire to do sth 渴望做某事 satisfy one's desire 滿足某人的欲望 desire to do sth 渴望做某事 desire sb to do sth 期望某人做某事 desire that sb/sth (should) do sth 渴望某人/物做某事【語境感知】①Many people in rural areas have a strong desire to improve their lives through having jobs.許多農村地區的人強烈希望通過工作來改善生活。②He worked hard to satisfy his desire for success and recognition in his field.他努力工作，以滿足他在自己領域獲得成功和認可的愿望。③Fewer people desire to live in the north of the country.想住在這個國家北方的人更少了。④Harold desired that he (should) be buried next to his wife after he died.哈羅德希望他死后能葬在他的妻子旁邊。【學會運用】單句語法填空①He desires to__join (join) the army and devote himself to the motherland.②I have no desire for money that has been made by dishonest means.③The president desired that you (should)__visit (visit) him next month.【學會表達】翻譯句子④我有強烈的愿望去幫助和關心他人。I__had__a__strong__desire__to__help__and__care__for__people.⑤她希望這事暫時別提。She__desires__that__it__should__not__be__mentioned__for__the__present.6.signal vt.& vi. 標志著；標明；發信號；示意 n. 信號；標志(教材P41) signal (to) sb to do sth 示意某人做某事 signal (sb) that ... (向某人)發信號/示意…… a danger/warning signal 危險/警告信號 a/the signal of ……的信號 send/give out a signal 發出信號【語境感知】①She quickly put a finger to her lips and signalled them to be quiet.她迅速把手指放在嘴唇上，示意他們保持安靜。②She has signalled (that) she is willing to stand as a candidate.她表示愿意作為候選人參加競選。③The flashing red light served as a warning signal to slow down.閃爍的紅燈作為警告信號，提示減速慢行。④Kurdish leaders saw the visit as an important signal of support.庫爾德領導人將這次訪問視作一種表示支持的重要信號。【學會運用】單句語法填空①Chest pains can be a warning signal of heart problems.②The policeman signalled to the truck to stop.③That would signal that something in common can be found.【學會表達】翻譯句子④他示意要我們加入他們隊。He__signalled__to__us__to__join__their__team.⑤最早的交通信號燈是為火車而不是汽車通行設計的。The__earliest__traffic__signals__were__designed__for__trains,__not__cars.(二)拓展詞7.transmit vt.& vi. 傳輸；發送→transmission n. 傳輸；傳遞【語境感知】The music was transmitted wirelessly through Bluetooth, providing a clear transmission of sound to the speakers.音樂通過藍牙無線傳輸，為揚聲器提供清晰的聲音傳輸。8.independent adj. 獨立的；自立的→independence n. 獨立(之日)；自主；自立→independently adv. 獨立地；自立地【語境感知】She is an independent woman who chooses to live independently and values her independence above all else.她是一位獨立的女性，選擇獨立生活，并把獨立看作最重要的價值觀。【學會運用】單句語法填空①The two scientists both made the same discovery independently (independent), at roughly the same time.②When the transmission (transmit) is good, some foreign stations can be heard.【學會表達】翻譯句子③典禮通過衛星向五十多個國家進行了實況轉播。The__ceremony__was__transmitted__live__by__satellite__to__over__fifty__countries.④獨立對我來說很重要。It__was__important__to__me__to__be__independent.（三）熟詞生義9.rocket [熟義] n. 火箭；火箭彈 [生義] v. 快速增長；猛增【語境感知】①The rocket was launched from a space research base.這枚火箭是從太空研究基地發射的。②The price of meat, particularly pork, has indeed rocketed in the past months.過去幾個月，肉類，尤其是豬肉的價格確實飆升了。【學會理解】同義詞替換①Since its release last month, the sales of the company's latest product have rocketed.soared__猛增【學會表達】翻譯句子②航天飛機發射時，它像火箭一樣直沖云霄。When__the__space__shuttle__was__launched,__it__rose__into__the__sky__like__a__rocket.探究二 短語10.so as to (do sth) 為了；以便(教材P41)意為“以便……；為使……；目的是……”的短語： so as to (do sth) (只能位于句中；否定形式用so as not to) in order to (do sth) (可位于句首或句中) so that (只能位于句中) in order that (只能位于句中)【語境感知】①We should improve our ability to engage in international communication so as to tell China's story well and make the voice of China heard.我們應該提高參與國際交流的能力，以便講好中國的故事，讓中國的聲音被聽到。②In order to keep the environment clean, everyone should recycle and reduce waste.為了保持環境清潔，每個人都應該回收并減少浪費。③I brought an umbrella with me so that I wouldn't get wet in the rain.我帶了一把傘，以便在雨中不會被淋濕。④They flew there in order that they might be in time to attend the opening ceremony.他們坐飛機到那里是為了能及時參加開幕式。【學會運用】單句語法填空①He practiced speaking English every day so as to__improve (improve) his fluency.②My friends endured tremendous danger in order to__help (help) me.③All those concerned must work together in order that agreement can be reached on this issue.【學會表達】翻譯句子④他每天都練習，目的是成為一名更好的音樂家。He__practiced__every__day__in__order__that__he__would__become__a__better__musician.⑤為了提高我的寫作技巧，我讀了很多書和文章。In__order__to__improve__my__writing__skills,__I__read__a__lot__of__books__and__articles.探究三 長難句分析11.This is because people believe in the importance of carrying on space exploration despite the huge risks.(教材P41) 這是因為人們堅信太空探索的重要性，哪怕面臨巨大的風險。【分析】 This is because ... “這是因為……”，because 引導表語從句，表示原因。 表示原因/結果的表語從句： It/This/That is because ... “這/那是因為……”，其中It/This/That指代上文提到的情況，because引導表語從句，表示原因 That's why ... “那就是為什么……”，why引導表語從句，表示結果 The reason (why ...) is/was that ... “……的原因是……”，why引導定語從句，that引導表語從句，表示原因的具體內容【語境感知】①The flowers are blooming beautifully; this is because spring has arrived.花兒開得如此美麗，這是因為春天已經到了。②That is why the country is called the Gateway to Europe.那就是為什么這個國家被稱為通往歐洲的門戶。③The reason why he's so popular is that he is kind and generous.他如此受歡迎的原因是他既善良又慷慨。【學會運用】單句語法填空①The reason why the injection needs repeating every year is that the virus changes.②She is always unhappy; this is because she is rather demanding.③The reason why Jack missed the lecture was that he forgot the time.【學會表達】翻譯句子④這是因為聽是我們日常獲取語言信息的主要途徑。That__is__because__listening__is__a__key__way__of__receiving__language__information__in__our__daily__life.⑤我放棄的原因是我完全看不到將要到達的地方。The__reason__why__I__gave__up__is__that__I__could__not__see__the__place__which__I__was__going__to__reach__completely.Ⅰ.匹配詞義a.匹配下列單詞的詞義 b.匹配下列短語的詞義(B)1.spacecraft (E)2.universe (C)3.mankind (D)4.agency (A)5.determined A．adj. 有決心的；意志堅定的 B．n. 航天器；宇宙飛船 C．n. 人類 D．n. (政府的)專門機構；服務機構；代理處 E．n. 宇宙；天地萬物 (D)6.on board (A)7.carry on (C)8.focus on (E)9.step onto (B)10.in the hope of doing sth A．繼續做，堅持干 B．抱著……的希望 C．專注于；集中于 D．在船上；在飛機上 E．走上；踏上Ⅱ.默寫單詞1．leap n. 跳躍；劇增；劇變 vi.& vt. 跳過；躍過2．giant adj. 巨大的；偉大的 n. 巨人；巨獸；偉人3．data n. [pl.] 資料；數據4．frontier n. 邊境；國界；邊遠地區5．signal vt.& vi. 標志著；標明；發信號 n. 信號；標志6．desire n. 渴望；欲望 vt. 渴望；期望7．determine vt. 查明；確定；決定8．rocket n. 火箭；火箭彈9．transmit vt.& vi. 傳輸；發送10．orbit n. (環繞地球、太陽等運行的)軌道；勢力范圍 vt.& vi. 沿軌道運行；環繞……運行Ⅲ.單句語法填空1．I have a strong desire to__write (write) a book and share my experiences with others.2．Don't raise your hopes too high, or you may be disappointed (disappoint).3．Harrer was one of the first to__climb (climb) the north face of the Eiger.4．It's a story about a man who left jail and determined to__reform (reform)．5．He sent an email to the company in the hope of getting an interview opportunity.6．The images of the moon's surface were__transmitted (transmit) back to earth and printed out.7．A new satellite has been put into orbit around the earth.8．The children were encouraged to think independently (independent) and solve problems on their own.Ⅳ.選詞填空module, satellite, leap, signal, vehicle, mankind, launch, disappoint1．The phone rang, signal(l)ing that someone was calling.2．Only light vehicles are allowed over the old bridge.3．In summary, this was a disappointing performance.4．The rocket was__launched from the space center in Florida last month.5．The course consists of five optional modules．6．She threw back the covers and leapt/leaped out of bed.7．The satellite revolves around the earth once every hundred minutes.8．The civilization of mankind has taken thousands of years to develop.Ⅴ.完成表達1．She determined/was__determined__to__go__out__and__shop (決定外出購物) till she dropped.2．Despite the challenges, the charity will__carry__on__helping__those__in__need (將堅持幫助那些有需要的人)．3．He admitted that his parents were strict with him; that__was__why (那就是……的原因) he made so many achievements.Ⅵ.完整表達1．她的伙伴們有強烈的獲勝欲望。Her__partners__have__a__strong__desire__to__win.2．這對夫婦搬到了一個大城市，希望得到更好的治療。The__couple__moved__to__a__big__city__in__the__hope__of__getting__better__treatment.3．為了到達山頂，我們不得不徒步數小時。We__had__to__hike__for__several__hours__in__order/so__as__to__get__to__the__top__of__the__mountain.課后課時作業(一)較易題(占比30%) 中檔題(占比70%) 拔高題(占比0%)題號 Ⅰ Ⅱ Ⅲ難度 ★★ ★★ ★ Ⅰ 完形填空(2024·廣西桂林市高一下期末)Careers in science are often considered as difficult for students lacking talent or intelligence, yet the experience of Scott Kelly, commander of the International Space Station, stands as an example to prove it's __1__．As a child, he displayed little interest in science or any other __2__. He spent most of his school days daydreaming because he was unable to __3__ the lessons. As a result, his grades were terrible and he barely graduated from high school, doubting whether he would ever __4__ his dreams.That all __5__ when he picked up and read The Right Stuff, Tom Wolfe's book of the pioneering Americans who first explored space. __6__ at last, he was determined to be an astronaut, which meant doing well in science classes. Therefore, he __7__ his mind to perform well in his science classes.After years of daydreaming, it was not a(n) __8__ task. But he approached it like a game. The more he __9__ his study skills, the more he gained knowledge and improved. __10__， it became a personal __11__ to see how capable he could become. No one was more surprised than him when this __12__ daydreamer began to get straight A's in his science exams, which is significant for him to become an astronaut.We'd better stop __13__ the statement that science is just too hard. If you are a student who has been told “you're not a science person” or “your mind doesn't function that way”， just __14__ such comments! Anyone who desires to learn can master these subjects—they just need to be __15__ to do the work.篇章導讀：本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述了Scott Kelly (斯科特·凱利)從對科學不感興趣到成為國際空間站指揮官，強調了只要有決心和努力，任何人都能克服困難，實現自己的夢想。1．A.wrong B．normalC．unusual D．illegal答案：A解析：wrong錯誤的；normal正常的；unusual不尋常的；illegal非法的。根據上文“Careers in science ... talent or intelligence”及表示轉折的詞“yet”可知，作者認為這種觀點是錯誤的。故選A。2．A.schedules B．goalsC．subjects D．students答案：C解析：根據下文“He spent most of his school days daydreaming”可知，他對科學或任何其他學科都表現出很少的興趣。故選C。3．A.work on B．set aboutC．think about D．focus on答案：D解析：work on從事于；set about開始；think about考慮；focus on集中于。根據上文“He spent most of his school days daydreaming”可知，他無法專注于課程。故選D。4．A.reach B．acceptC．realize D．observe答案：C解析：reach到達；accept接受；realize實現；observe觀察。根據下文“his dreams”可知，此處表示實現夢想。故選C。5．A.finished B．realizedC．happened D．changed答案：D解析：finish完成；realize意識到；happen發生；change改變。根據下文“he was determined to be an astronaut, which meant doing well in science classes”可知，他以前是一個成績很差的學生，現在卻要決心成為宇航員，由此可推知，此處指一切都改變了。故選D。6．A.Inspired B．DisappointedC．Satisfied D．Shocked答案：A解析：inspired受到鼓舞的；disappointed失望的；satisfied滿意的；shocked震驚的。根據下文“he was determined to be an astronaut”可知，他受到鼓舞。故選A。7．A.gave up B．made upC．formed into D．got into答案：B解析：give up放棄；make up下定決心；form into形成；get into進入。根據上文“he was determined to be an astronaut, which meant doing well in science classes”可知，他下定決心要在科學課上表現出色。故選B。8．A.possible B．difficultC．easy D．intelligent答案：C解析：possible可能的；difficult困難的；easy容易的；intelligent聰明的。根據上文“After years of daydreaming”可知，他以前總是做白日夢，現在要真正努力學習，這并不是一項容易的任務。故選C。9．A.planned B．practicedC．arranged D．exchanged答案：B解析：plan計劃；practice練習；arrange安排；exchange交換。根據下文“his study skills”可知，他練習學習能力。故選B。10．A.Particularly B．SurprisinglyC．Fortunately D．Eventually答案：D解析：particularly尤其；surprisingly令人驚訝地；fortunately幸運地；eventually最終。根據下文“it became a personal”以及“daydreamer began ... to become an astronaut”可知，下文是經過了一系列努力之后的最終結果。故選D。11．A.warning B．dealC．competition D．movement答案：C解析：warning警告；deal交易；competition競賽；movement運動。根據下文“to see how capable he could become”可知，這成了一場自己和自己的競賽。故選C。12．A.real B．formerC．free D．latest答案：B解析：real真實的；former以前的；free自由的；latest最新的。根據下文“daydreamer”可知，此處指這個曾經做白日夢的學生開始在科學考試中取得全A的成績。故選B。13．A.signing B．breakingC．furthering D．criticizing答案：C解析：sign簽署；break打破；further推進；criticize批評。根據下文“the statement that science is just too hard”可知，此處指我們最好不要再進一步宣揚“科學太難了”的說法。故選C。14．A.apply B．ignoreC．return D．handle答案：B解析：apply申請；ignore忽略；return返回；handle處理。根據上文“If you are a student ... function that way”以及下文“such comments”可知，此處指要忽略這些評論。故選B。15．A.willing B．worriedC．equal D．forced答案：A解析：句意：任何想要學習的人都可以掌握這些科目——他們只需要愿意去做這項工作。willing愿意的；worried擔心的；equal平等的；forced被迫的。故選A。Ⅱ 閱讀(2024·河南省鄭州市高一下期末)As human beings, we naturally tend to become more and more curious about everything about ourselves, including our history, psychology and philosophy. Much of our knowledge moves around humankind itself, as if we were the most important thing in the universe.But in the course of the centuries, we have come to realize just how many wrong ideas we have had. We have learned of the existence of black holes, waves of space, and the extraordinary molecular (分子的) structures in every cell of our bodies.The more we discover, the more we understand that what we don't yet know is greater than what we know. The more powerful our telescopes are, the stranger and more unexpected are the heavens we see. The closer we look at the detail of matter, the more we discover of its great structure.In a famous story told by Plato in the seventh book of The Republic, some men are chained at the bottom of a dark cave and see only shadows cast upon a wall by a fire behind them. They think that this is reality. One of them frees himself, leaves the cave and discovers the light of the sun and the wider world. At first, the light, to which his eyes are unaccustomed (不適應的), surprises and confuses him. But eventually he can see and returns excitedly to his friends to tell them what he has seen. They find it hard to believe.We are all in the depths of a cave, chained by our ignorance and prejudice (偏見), so our weak senses show only shadows. If we try to see further, we are confused: we are unaccustomed. But we try. This is science. Scientific thinking explores and redraws the world, gradually offering us better and better images of it, teaching us to think in ever more effective ways. Its strength is its ability to overthrow old ideas, to uncover new regions of reality, and to construct new, more effective images of the world. This adventure rests upon the entirety of past knowledge, but at its heart is change.The incompleteness and the uncertainty of our knowledge, hung over the abyss (深淵) of what we don't know, does not make life meaningless; it makes life interesting and precious.篇章導讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了人類對宇宙認知的局限性與探索未知的重要性。1．What are the first three paragraphs mainly about A．Splendid cultures for centuries created by man.B．Enough existing technologies for further exploration.C．New discoveries of the universe proved to be wrong.D．Our incomplete and uncertain knowledge of the universe.答案：D解析：段落大意題。根據文章前三段內容可知，人類對于自身的探索從歷史、心理學到哲學，而這些探索揭示了我們曾有的許多錯誤觀念，我們了解了黑洞的存在、空間波以及人體細胞內的分子結構等。所以，前三段都在說明我們對宇宙的認知是不完整且充滿不確定性的。故選D。2．Why does the author use the story told by Plato A．To let us truly realize the cruelty of reality.B．To cheer for the heroic deeds of pursuing freedom.C．To inspire us to explore more about the unknown world.D．To prove our unfamiliarity and prejudice about the world.答案：C解析：推理判斷題。根據第四段中的“In a famous story ... and the wider world.”可知，柏拉圖在《理想國》第七卷中講述了一個著名的故事，一些人被鎖在一個黑暗的洞穴底部，只能看到身后的火投射在墻上的影子，他們認為這是現實。其中一人重獲自由，離開洞穴，發現了陽光和更廣闊的世界。由此可推知，作者用柏拉圖講的故事激勵我們去更多地探索未知的世界。故選C。3．What does the author want to stress in the article A．Making nature take its course improves our lives.B．Past knowledge prevents us building a new world.C．Exploring the universe makes our life meaningful.D．Discovering the universe a lot will cause confusion.答案：C解析：推理判斷題。通讀全文可知，文章整體上強調了盡管人類的知識存在局限性和不確定性，但正是這種對未知的探索讓生命變得有趣且寶貴。科學思維不斷挑戰舊觀念，揭示新的現實層面，構建更有效的世界觀。由此可推知，作者想要強調的是探索宇宙賦予了我們生活的意義。故選C。4．What could be the best title for the passage A．The Reasons for Learning to PeopleB．The Significance of Exploring the UnknownC．The Effect of Knowledge on Human BeingsD．The Eagerness for Knowledge of the Unknown答案：B解析：標題判斷題。通讀全文可知，整篇文章圍繞人類對未知的探索展開，討論了這一過程如何逐漸改變我們的認知，使生活充滿意義。B項(探索未知的意義)最適合作為文章標題。故選B。Ⅲ 語法填空(2024·廣東省廣州市五校高一下期末)Beijing, China—China's Chang'e 6 lunar probe has successfully landed on the far side of the Moon, marking a significant milestone (里程碑) in the country's space exploration program. The probe touched down in the South Pole Aitken (SPA) Basin on June 2, 2024, becoming the second spacecraft __1__ (land) on the Moon's far side.The Chang'e 6 mission is designed to collect lunar samples, conduct scientific experiments __2__ pave the way for future human exploration of the Moon. The probe __3__ (equip) with a variety of instruments, which will be used to study the composition of the lunar surface and atmosphere.The successful landing of Chang'e 6 is a major achievement for China's space program, which __4__ (make) rapid progress in recent years. The Chang'e 6 mission is expected to provide people with __5__ (value) new insights into the geological history of the Moon. The __6__ (collect) samples will be studied by scientists around the world to help us better understand __7__ formation and evolution of the Moon. The mission is also a significant step forward for China's plans to establish sites __8__ a permanent human presence on the Moon is possible.China's growing space program is seen __9__ a sign of the country's increasing technological advances and its ambition to become a major player in the global space race. The success is a testament to China's __10__ (commit) to space exploration and is sure to inspire future generations of Chinese scientists and engineers.1．________ 2.________ 3.________ 4.________5．________ 6.________ 7.________ 8.________9．________ 10.________篇章導讀：本文是一篇新聞報道。文章報道了中國嫦娥六號月球探測器成功著陸月球背面的消息，并對嫦娥六號的任務及其意義進行了簡要介紹。1．答案：to land解析：考查非謂語動詞。被序數詞修飾的名詞后面應用動詞不定式作定語。故填to land。2．答案：and解析：考查連詞。“collect lunar samples”，“conduct scientific experiments”以及“pave the way for future human exploration of the Moon”為三個并列成分，應用and連接。故填and。3．答案：is equipped解析：考查動詞的時態、語態和主謂一致。be equipped with是固定短語，意為“配備……”，此處描述客觀事實，應用一般現在時，主語The probe是單數，且與equip之間為被動關系。故填is equipped。4．答案：has made解析：考查動詞的時態和主謂一致。根據時間狀語in recent years可知，此處應用現在完成時，主語which指代先行詞China's space program，是單數。故填has made。5．答案：valuable解析：考查詞性轉換。修飾名詞insights，應用形容詞valuable作定語。故填valuable。6．答案：collected解析：考查非謂語動詞。設空處作定語修飾名詞samples，且和samples之間是被動關系，應用過去分詞。故填collected。7．答案：the解析：考查冠詞。名詞短語formation and evolution被介詞短語of the Moon修飾，表示特指，應用定冠詞the。故填the。8．答案：where解析：考查定語從句的引導詞。設空處引導定語從句，先行詞是sites，設空處在從句中作地點狀語，應用關系副詞where引導。故填where。9．答案：as解析：考查介詞。句意：中國不斷發展的太空計劃被視為該國技術進步日益加快和其在全球太空競賽中成為主要參與者的雄心的象征。see ... as ... 為固定短語，意為“把……看作……”。故填as。10．答案：commitment解析：考查詞性轉換。to是介詞，后面應接名詞作賓語。故填commitment。 精深閱讀(2024·湖北省武漢市重點中學5G聯合體高一下期末)Some of the world's most important scientists think the idea of people living on Mars will come true one day. Stephen Hawking believed humans must move into space to survive. “Once we spread out into space and establish independent colonies, our future should be safe，” he said. Robert Zubrin, a rocket scientist, agrees and thinks starting with Mars makes the most sense. He thinks sending people to Mars will allow us to learn a lot—for example, about the ability of humans to live in a very different environment.However, scientists will need to terraform Mars for people to be able to live. One of the main goals of terraforming Mars is to warm it up because the average temperature there is about －60 ℃. One idea for warming Mars is to build factories there that produce greenhouse gases. This could take many centuries. However, it should lead to rainfall and the growth of plants, resulting in more air that people can breathe.Another big concern for scientists is whether humans can move to Mars and still stay healthy in mind and body. As a test, six people lived in a Mars like environment in Hawaii for a year before “returning to Earth” recently. It was a 1，200 square foot room that was on the side of a volcano and used the sun for energy. Christiane Heinicke, one of the people who lived there, said that one of the biggest issues was feeling bored. So humans on Mars would always need to keep themselves busy with various activities. Another important finding was that the people living together should all be able to get along and work together.One particular organization based in Europe is planning to send the first humans to Mars before 2030. The organization believes that its project is giving people worldwide the chance to be part of the first human crew ever to live on Mars for good. However, many experts think the project's cost of US $6 billion is too low for it to be successful. The American space agency NASA believes that sending people to Mars would cost US about $100 billion, although this estimate is based on bringing them back to Earth, too. Regardless, it seems that humans living on Mars may well happen a lot sooner than most people believe.篇章導讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了科學家們認為人類移居火星的想法終有一天能夠實現，以及對未來移居火星的一些設想。1．Why is Stephen Hawking mentioned in Paragraph 1 A．To predict the future.B．To show his concern.C．To introduce the topic.D．To advertise space living.答案：C解析：推理判斷題。根據第一段中的“Stephen Hawking believed ... our future should be safe (Stephen Hawking (史蒂芬·霍金)認為人類必須進入太空才能生存。‘一旦我們擴展到太空并建立獨立的殖民地，我們的未來就應該是安全的’)”可推知，此處引用Stephen Hawking的話來引出人類需要將領地延伸至太空，引入了本文的話題。故選C。2．What does the underlined word “terraform” in Paragraph 2 probably mean A．Warming up a planet.B．Moving to a planet.C．Constructing a planet.D．Changing the environment on a planet.答案：D解析：詞義猜測題。根據畫線詞下文“One of the main goals ... that people can breathe.”可知，科學家們需要將火星改造成和地球環境更相似的地方，使人類能夠居住。由此可知，畫線詞terraform意為“改造某個星球的環境”。故選D。3．What can you learn from the text A．The budget of the project is cost effective.B．Greenhouse gases are a must for living on Mars.C．Hawaii is a place with Mars like environment.D．Humans living on Mars will be a reality in the not too distant future.答案：B解析：細節理解題。根據第二段中的“One idea for warming Mars ... that people can breathe.”可知，在火星上生活必須要有溫室氣體。故選B。4．What could be a suitable title for the text A．Life on Mars B．Homes on Mars C．Mars ExplorationD．Escape from Planet Earth答案：B解析：標題判斷題。通讀全文可知，本文主要介紹了科學家為移民火星做出的一些準備。B項(在火星上安家？)最適合作為文章標題。故選B。精深閱讀——好詞句小練(一)熱詞1．independent adj. 獨立的2．average adj. 平均的；正常的，一般的 n. 平均數；平均水平3．produce v. 產生；引起；生長4．rainfall n. 降雨量；下雨5．estimate v．& n. 估計；判斷(二)高頻短語6．come__true (愿望、夢想等)成真7．make sense 有道理8．warm__up 使熱；變熱9．get along 和睦相處10．for good 永遠地；徹底地(三)根據語境填入恰當的內容11．There were several young people sitting around looking bored (bore)．12．She tried to calm down, but she just couldn't keep herself from being angry.13．Children need opportunities for growth (grow) and development in all areas of their lives.(四)寫出下列句子中黑體部分的漢語釋義14．The issue of climate change is a major concern for many people today.(有關某事的)問題，擔憂15．Thanks to his help we were able to survive this terrible disaster in the end. 幸免于難16．After years of research, scientists announced an important finding in the field of cancer treatment.發現(五)用方框中單詞的正確形式替換下列句子中的黑體部分particular， vary， main17．My collection is really diverse because I've traveled all over the world to find them.various18．Poor housing and unemployment are the major problems.main19．You can select a specific application to open a document.particular(六)長難句分析20．However, it should lead to rainfall and the growth of plants, resulting in more air that people can breathe.句意：然而，這應該會導致降雨和植物生長，從而產生更多人們可以呼吸的空氣。分析：主干是it__should__lead__...__of__plants；現在分詞短語resulting in ... 作結果狀語；that引導定語從句，修飾air。(七)根據所給漢語，完成下列句子21．Her patience and kindness allow__us__to__feel__comfortable (使我們感到舒適) in her presence.22．The movie was__based__on (基于) a popular novel, but the plot was significantly changed.(八)仿寫句子23．However, it should lead to rainfall and the growth of plants, resulting in more air that people can breathe. (現在分詞短語作結果狀語)仿寫：到處都是泥和積水，很難從一個地方走到另一個地方。There__is__mud__and__water__everywhere,__making__it__difficult__to__travel__from__place__to__place.課后課時作業(二)較易題(占比30%) 中檔題(占比40%) 拔高題(占比30%)題號 Ⅰ ⅡA B難度 ★ ★★ ★★★Ⅰ 閱讀A(2024·湖南省長沙地質中學高一下期中)The International Space Station (ISS) is a science laboratory in space. It is made of many different pieces that have been added on slowly since 1998. The group of astronauts working there changes often, but people have been living in the ISS for almost 18 years.On Wednesday, NASA discovered that there was a leak in the ISS. The station is full of air that the astronauts can breathe. But outside the ISS, in space, there is no air. That means the pressure inside the station is much higher. So, the ISS was like a bike tire with a tiny hole in it.On Thursday, the astronauts went to work and soon found the leak. It was less than 2 millimeters wide. That's about as wide as the lead (筆芯) on a pencil that hasn't been sharpened. The hole is in a Russian part of the station, called the Soyuz. The Soyuz is the spacecraft that brought three of the astronauts to the ISS. Luckily, the Soyuz can still be used to return to Earth. When the astronauts first found the leak, German astronaut Alexander Gerst did something that seemed very natural—he covered the hole with his thumb. Because the hole was so tiny, the astronauts were never in any danger. But it was still important to stop the leak. While they waited for more advice from Earth, the astronauts covered the hole with special tape. After many people discussed the problem on the ground, the astronauts were told how to fix the hole. Sergey Prokopyev of Russia did the job, filling the hole with cloth soaked in special glue.The repair seems to have worked. The astronauts were able to get the air pressure back to normal. On Friday, the astronauts returned to their regular work.NASA says that the hole was probably made by a tiny bit of a meteorite (隕石)—a rock flying through space. Some people believe the hole could be from a screw (螺絲) that came loose. It is also possible that the station was hit by a small piece of “space debris (殘骸)”—tiny pieces of trash from other spacecraft. As more and more rockets and satellites are sent into space, space debris is a more common problem.篇章導讀：本文是一篇新聞報道。文章主要介紹了宇航員修復國際空間站的泄漏的過程和結果。1．What was the problem with the ISS A．The air started to go out from the ISS.B．The ISS was hit by a piece of space debris.C．The pressure outside the ISS was higher than that inside.D．The astronauts inside the ISS had difficulty in breathing.答案：A解析：推理判斷題。根據第二段中的“On Wednesday, NASA discovered that there was a leak in the ISS.”可知，美國宇航局發現國際空間站出現了泄漏，由此可推知，空氣開始從國際空間站排出。故選A。2．What do we know about the hole A．It was as sharp as a pencil lead.B．It was caused by three of Russian astronauts.C．It had posed a great danger to the astronauts.D．It was so small that the thumb could cover it.答案：D解析：細節理解題。根據第三段中的“When the astronauts first found ... with his thumb.”可知，這個洞太小了，拇指可以蓋住它。故選D。3．What did the astronauts use to fix the leak in the ISS A．A thumb and special tape.B．Special tape and cloth soaked in special glue.C．A pencil lead and special tape.D．A pencil and cloth soaked in special glue.答案：B解析：細節理解題。根據第三段中的“While they waited for more advice ... filling the hole with cloth soaked in special glue.”可知，宇航員們用特殊膠帶和布浸泡在特殊膠水中來修復國際空間站的泄漏。故選B。4．What would be the best title for the text A．The Danger of the Leak in the International Space StationB．The International Space Station Finds the Origin of the LeakC．New Ways to Fix the Leak in the International Space StationD．Astronauts Fix the Leak in the International Space Station答案：D解析：標題判斷題。通讀全文可知，文章主要介紹了宇航員修復國際空間站的泄漏的過程和結果。D項(宇航員修復國際空間站的泄漏)最適合作為文章標題。故選D。B(2024·安徽省蕪湖市高一下期中)It's easy for consumers to buy food and drinks like a bowl of hot rice and coke online or from neighbourhood shops, but for astronauts such things were impossible in the past.Members of China's Shenzhou manned space flight, however, were able to enjoy such food, thanks to Joyoung, a Chinese firm. Joyoung created a mobile space kitchen for the astronauts. A drinking water machine, an air heater and a soybean milk maker were all accessible in the kitchen through a smart app. Tang Hongbo, who was a member of the Shenzhou manned spacecraft said in the news that during his three month trip, he could eat hot food with just half hour efforts, a contrast to the past when similar attempts required several hours. “If we had time, we would also use equipment to eat homemade yogurt. We could also control the equipment in the space kitchen through mobile phone apps，” he said.In the past, most foods couldn't be directly heated in a microwave oven in the space. Conduction equipment often caused uneven (不均勻的) heating. An astronaut had to spend as long as four hours to heat some vegetables in the space kitchen. To solve the problem, Joyoung has developed equipment that gives out hot air to heat vegetables in a 360 degree way. That enables astronauts to eat steaming hot fish flavoured pork and Gongbao chicken, a spicy, stir fried Chinese dish.Besides Joyoung, a group of companies, including Xiaomi Corp and Huawei Technologies, have contributed their technologies to the development of the space station. A vacuum (真空) cleaner made haircuts on the spacecraft possible. NOLO VR, a Chinese virtual reality manufacturer, has helped astronauts develop an experimental equipment through which laboratory technicians on the ground can see and experience what astronauts are doing in space.篇章導讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹九陽公司為宇航員們設計了一個移動太空廚房，讓宇航員們更加方便、快捷地享用食物。5．What do astronauts think of Joyoung's mobile space kitchen A．Water saving. B．Energy wasting.C．Time saving. D．Money wasting.答案：C解析：細節理解題。根據第二段中的“Tang Hongbo, who was a member of ... when similar attempts required several hours.(神舟載人飛船成員湯洪波在新聞中說，在他三個月的旅行中，他只需要半個小時就能吃到熱的食物，而過去類似的嘗試需要幾個小時。)”可知，宇航員認為九陽的移動太空廚房能節省時間。故選C。6．How does the author show the convenience on Shenzhou manned spacecraft A．By making contrasts.B．By analyzing results.C．By providing pictures.D．By answering questions.答案：A解析：推理判斷題。根據第二段中的“Tang Hongbo, who was a member of ... when similar attempts required several hours.和第三段內容可知，在過去，大多數食物不能在太空中的微波爐中直接加熱，加熱一些蔬菜需要很長時間，但有了九陽開發的設備，宇航員能夠在短時間內吃到熱氣騰騰的飯菜。由此可推知，作者通過將過去和現在的情況作比較，來展現神舟載人飛船上先進設備帶來的便捷。故選A。7．What does the last paragraph want to show A．Joyoung needs to further its technology.B．What astronauts are doing is significant.C．Astronauts on board can do as they wish.D．There are more technologies for the spacecraft.答案：D解析：推理判斷題。根據最后一段內容可知，除了九陽，還有很多其他公司也為空間站的開發貢獻了他們的技術。由此可推知，最后一段表明有更多的技術應用于宇宙飛船。故選D。8．What is the best title of the text A．The Hot Diet on the Space Station Needs to Be AddressedB．Earth to Space, Firms Add Value by Creating TechnologyC．Modern Technology Brings Convenience to Human BeingsD．Manufacturers Make Big Profits from Inventing Equipment答案：B解析：標題判斷題。根據全文內容可知，文章主要介紹九陽公司為宇航員們設計了一個移動太空廚房，讓宇航員們更加方便、快捷地享用食物，除此之外，包括小米和華為在內的一些公司也為空間站的發展貢獻了自己的技術。B項(從地球到太空，企業通過創造技術來增加價值)最適合作為文章標題。故選B。Ⅱ 讀后續寫閱讀下面材料，根據其內容和所給段落開頭語續寫兩段，使之構成一篇完整的短文。A Writing AssignmentMrs Peabody, the English teacher, gave the class a writing assignment. “Write something in some way related to summer vacation，” she said. “Be as creative as you can. But，” the teacher added, “make sure you use proper spelling and grammar.”That night Jim sat at his desk at home and stared at a blank sheet of paper. He didn't want to write about his summer vacation as usual. What could he write about, except a dog, a water park and two weeks of camp Boring ... He'd actually been happy to get back to school.So he wrote what he wanted. Not an essay at all but a short story, science fiction. It was about a distant planet that didn't have summer—it was spring all the time. And it didn't have vacations either. The aliens on the planet worked 24 hours a day. They wished they had vacations.The next morning he handed in the story, but later that night he lay awake until 3 am, thinking, “Why did I do that Will Mrs Peabody think I ignored the assignment？” English was his favorite class. Maybe he would beg Mrs Peabody for a chance to write another one, the sort she wanted.But when he got to class the following day, it turned out that Mrs Peabody had already read and graded the essays.The teacher said, “I'm going to pass back your summer vacation writings in a minute. I'm afraid I've got some rather harsh words to say. Almost everyone in class simply wrote an essay about his or her summer vacation ... Almost everyone.”“This is bad，” Jim thought, “I'm getting an F. I know it.”“But，” the teacher continued, “one of you had the courage to be as imaginative as I asked you to be. Jim Martin was the only one who got an A on the assignment.”Jim couldn't believe his ears.注意：1．續寫詞數應為150個左右；2．請按如下格式在相應位置作答。When Mrs Peabody invited Jim to share some thoughts on his writing, other students were all looking at him expectantly. Mrs Peabody thought it was time to explain Jim's grade. 寫前導讀：本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述了英語老師布置與暑假相關的寫作任務，Jim (吉姆)沒有按常規寫暑假經歷，而是創作了關于沒有暑假的外星球的科幻故事，最后他獲得了老師給出的A等成績。他會與同學們分享什么呢？老師為什么會給Jim高分呢？[精彩范文]When Mrs Peabody invited Jim to share some thoughts on his writing, other students were all looking at him expectantly. Jim, feeling both surprised and nervous, slowly made his way to the front of the classroom. Clearing his throat, he began, “Well, I guess I just wanted to write something different. You know, everyone else would be writing about their beach trips or family vacations, and I thought, ‘Why not create a whole new world？’” He paused and then continued, “On this planet, they don't have summer or vacations, and I kind of felt sorry for the aliens there. It made me appreciate our summers even more.”Mrs Peabody thought it was time to explain Jim's grade. She stood up and addressed the class. “Jim stretched his imagination and took a risk. That's precisely what I was hoping. Creativity and originality are qualities that are often overlooked in favor of conformity. His work reminded us all that writing is not just about meeting expectations—it's about exploring the boundaries of your imagination. That's why Jim earned an A．” The class erupted into applause, and Jim, standing tall, felt a surge of pride and newfound confidence in his own creativity. 精深閱讀(2024·吉林省吉林市普通高中高一下期末)No civilization is complete without legends about outer space. Our need to challenge the limits of what we know has made humans try to discover new worlds. However, outer space exploration can't be carried out without heavy investments, which can sometimes become a burden for any country or institution. But this changed forever.Blue Origin, the space exploration company founded by American Jeff Bezos, amazon.com's CEO, made history on Nov. 23. It successfully launched a rocket to the edge of space and brought it back to Earth for a safe landing. The rocket, named New Shepard, was the first successful reusable rocket in space flight history. The next step is to prove it can fly again, making sure it is indeed reusable.“We're getting closer to a new era of space tourism，” commented Discover magazine. Reusable rockets will help companies such as Blue Origin to achieve “a cost saving means” of transporting humans into space and back, said the magazine.Previously, whenever a rocket had been sent into orbit, it had always been destroyed or lost in the process. Even the space shuttle, which returned to the ground undamaged and on its own power, was only partly reusable. This problem has made a single launch mission extremely expensive. A completely reusable system makes space travel more affordable and sustainable.Elon Musk, founder of SpaceX and another big player in private space exploration, called the idea of a reusable system “the breakthrough needed to completely change access to space”．According to an article in The Atlantic magazine, New Shepard's success has ended “a private space race” between Bezos and Musk. However, according to Emily Calandrelli, host and producer of Xploration Outer Space on Fox, it is not completely fair “to compare the two companies' achievements to date” because “their successes could be considered separate unique milestones on two different paths”. Blue Origin is aiming to sell directly to buyers (wealthy space tourists) while SpaceX is aiming to sell to large companies and the government (NASA, the Air Force). These two ideas require very different rockets.篇章導讀：本文是一篇新聞報道。文章主要介紹了太空飛行史上第一個成功的可重復使用火箭的相關信息。1．Why is outer space exploration difficult to achieve A．Because there are no legends about it.B．Because it needs a lot of money.C．Because there are no good rockets.D．Because humans don't have the technology.答案：B解析：細節理解題。根據第一段中的“However, outer space exploration can't be carried out ... for any country or institution.(然而，太空探索不能在沒有大量投資的情況下進行，這有時會成為任何一個國家或機構的負擔。)”可知，太空探索難以實現的原因是需要大量的資金投入。故選B。2．Compared with the past, what do reusable rockets enable companies like Blue Origin to achieve A．A newer means of space tourism.B．A safer landing back to Earth.C．A smaller investment to make profits.D．A less competition with other companies.答案：C解析：細節理解題。根據第三段中的“Reusable rockets will help companies ... said the magazine.(雜志稱，可重復使用的火箭將幫助Blue Origin等公司實現‘節省成本的手段’，將人類送入太空并返回。)”可推知，與過去相比，可重復使用的火箭使Blue Origin等公司能夠減少投資并獲得利潤。故選C。3．What did Emily Calandrelli mean in the last paragraph A．The two companies are similar in technologies.B．The two companies haven't ended their space race.C．The two companies have different target customers.D．The two companies have the same goals.答案：C解析：推理判斷題。根據最后一段中的“Blue Origin is aiming to sell ... require very different rockets.(Blue Origin的目標是直接向買家(富裕的太空游客)銷售，而SpaceX的目標是向大公司和政府(NASA，空軍)銷售。這兩種想法需要完全不同的火箭。)”可推知，在最后一段Emily Calandrelli的意思是這兩家公司有不同的目標客戶。故選C。4．What can be the best title of the passage A．The Rise of Private Space Exploration CompaniesB．The New Form of Space TravelC．Comparing Achievements in Private Space ExplorationD．The First Successful Reusable Rocket in Space Flight History答案：D解析：標題判斷題。通讀全文可知，文章主要介紹了太空飛行史上第一個成功的，且可重復使用的火箭的相關信息。故選D。精深閱讀——好詞句小練(一)熱詞1．limit__ n. 限制；界限 v. 限制；限量；使限于2．burden n. 負擔3．reusable adj. 可重復使用的4．sustainable adj. 可持續的5．separate v. (使)分離；隔開 adj. 不同的；分開的(二)高頻短語6．carry out 進行；執行；完成7．make sure 確保8．in the process 在過程中；在進行中9．access__to 去……的通路，使用……的機會10．according__to 根據(三)根據語境填入恰當的內容11．The government is encouraging more investment (invest) in green energy.12．The sky, which is partly (part) cloudy, is perfect for a picnic.13．Homes are more__affordable (afford) than at any time in the past five years.(四)寫出下列句子中黑體部分的漢語釋義14．The invention of the Internet can be seen as a milestone in human communication.里程碑15．The Internet has become a means of connecting people from all over the world.方式；途徑16．In order to avoid the heavy traffic on the roads, some people prefer to travel by night and rest during the day.擁堵的(五)用方框中單詞的正確形式替換下列句子中的黑體部分end， unique， found17．The rainy season finished earlier this year, allowing for a successful harvest.ended18．The university was established in 1875, with a focus on science and technology.founded19．The way he plays the violin is truly distinct; his technique and emotion are beyond description.unique(六)長難句分析20．Previously, whenever a rocket had been sent into orbit, it had always been destroyed or lost in the process.句意：以前，每當一個火箭被送入軌道，它總是在這個過程中被摧毀或丟失。分析：主干是it__had__always__been__destroyed__or__lost；whenever引導時間狀語從句；Previously作狀語，修飾整個句子。(七)根據所給漢語，完成下列句子21．The first step is to__make__a__plan (制訂一個計劃) before starting any new task.22．The joy of what__we__learn__from__travel (我們從旅行中學到的) is to see the world through different eyes.(八)仿寫句子23．Even the space shuttle, which returned to the ground undamaged and on its own power, was only partly reusable.(非限制性定語從句)仿寫：中國是我的祖國，正在快速發展。China,__which__is__my__motherland,__is__developing__fast.39(共146張PPT)WELCOME UNITUNIT 4 SPACE EXPLORATION單元主題：人與自然——太空探索Section Ⅱ Reading and Thinking預學檢測 單詞打卡自主學習 課文語篇目錄CONTENTS12合作探究 課時重點3對點練習 鞏固所學4課后課時作業（一）5課后課時作業（二）6預學檢測 單詞打卡一、閱讀單詞及詞塊：寫出漢語含義1．gravity n. ________________2．frontier n. ______________________3．vehicle n. ________________4．determined adj. ______________________5．satellite n. ________________6．orbit n. ________________________________________vt.& vi. ______________________________7．giant adj. ___________________ n. ___________________重力；引力邊境；國界；邊遠地區交通工具；車輛有決心的；意志堅定的人造衛星；衛星(環繞地球、太陽等運行的)軌道；勢力范圍沿軌道運行；環繞……運行巨大的；偉大的 巨人；巨獸；偉人8．mankind n. _________9．agency n. _____________________________________10．data n. [pl.] ________________11．on board __________________________________12．spacecraft n. ___________________13．disappointment n. ________________14．universe n. ________________15．spacewalk n. _____________________________16．jade n. ________________17．module n. ________________人類 (政府的)專門機構；服務機構；代理處資料；數據在宇宙飛船上；在船上；在飛機上航天器；宇宙飛船失望；沮喪宇宙；天地萬物太空行走；太空行走的時間玉；翡翠；玉器艙；組件；模塊二、核心單詞：寫出英文單詞1．___________ vt. 查明；確定；決定2．________ vt.& n. 發射；發起；上市3．________ n. 跳躍；劇增；劇變 vi.& vt. 跳過；躍過4．__________________ n. 失望；沮喪5．________ n. 渴望；欲望 vt. 渴望；期望6．________ vt.& vi. 標志著；標明；發信號 n. 信號；標志determinelaunchleapdisappointmentdesiresignal三、拓展單詞：寫出英文單詞，并嘗試寫出其詞性轉換(可查字典)1．________ vt.& vi. 傳輸；發送→______________ n. 傳輸；傳遞2．____________ adj. 獨立的；自立的→_____________ n. 獨立(之日)；自主；自立 →_____________ adv. 獨立地；自立地transmittransmissionindependentindependenceindependently四、熟詞生義：寫出熟義rocket 熟義：n. ________________生義：v. 快速增長；猛增五、核心短語：寫出英語表達1．__________ 繼續做，堅持干2．________________ 抱著……的希望3．________________ 為了；以便火箭；火箭彈carry onin the hope of ...so as to (do sth)自主學習 課文語篇“Are we alone What's out there？” People have always looked up at the stars and wondered about space. Today, scientists design vehicles to carry astronauts into space to make important discoveries1. Space__exploration__has__come__a__long__way,__and__we__now__hope__to__discover__other__planets__that__are__suitable__enough__to__support__life.課文三維剖析1不定式短語作_________目的狀語SPACE: THE FINAL FRONTIER太空：最后的邊境“我們是孤家寡人嗎？外面還有什么呢？”仰望星空，人們一直想要更加深刻地認識太空。科學家們也正在努力尋求答案。他們研制出飛行器，將勇敢者送入太空，去探尋宇宙的奧秘。太空探索已經取得長足的發展，而現在，他們也十分希望發現能夠維持生命存在的其他行星。筆記空間﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍2動名詞短語作______3引導______從句，修飾________4不定式短語作______________，修飾________________Before the mid 20th century, most people felt travelling into space2 was only a dream that3 could never come true. However, scientists were determined to realise that dream. After many experiments, they succeeded in making rockets that could escape Earth's gravity. On 4 October 1957, the Sputnik 1 satellite was launched by the USSR and successfully orbited around Earth. Afterwards, the USSR focused on sending people into space, and on 12 April 1961, Yuri Gagarin became the first person in the world to enter space4.主語定語dream后置定語the first person5現在分詞作_________6不定式短語作_________7連接_________8with復合結構作_____Over eight years later, on 20 July 1969, American astronaut Neil Armstrong stepped onto the moon, famously saying5，“That's one small step for [a] man, one giant leap for mankind.” Following this, there were many more important space achievements. For example, on 5 September 1977, America's NASA space agency launched Voyager 1 to study deep space6, and7 it still transmits data to this day. And the International Space Station (1998) has provided a continuous human presence in space, with astronauts from many different countries on board8.伴隨狀語目的狀語并列分句狀語二十世紀中葉之前，大部分人認為在太空旅行是一個無法實現的夢。然而，科學家們決意要幫助人類實現這個夢想。無數次實驗之后，他們終于成功研制出能夠擺脫地心引力的火箭。1957年10月4日，“旅伴一號”人造衛星在蘇聯發射升空，并成功環繞地球運行。之后，蘇聯專注于載人太空飛行。1961年4月12日，尤里·加加林成為世界上進入太空的第一人。八年后，美國宇航員尼爾·阿姆斯特朗于1969年7月20日踏上月球，說出了那句名言： “對一個人來說，這是一小步；對人類來說，這是一大步。”此后，諸多其他目標得以實現。例如，為了研究外太空，美國國家航空航天局于1977年9月5日發射“旅行者一號”，該探測器至今仍在傳回數據。再如，國際空間站(1998年建立)使得人類能夠持續在太空中開展工作，上面的宇航員來自不同國家。筆記空間﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍9引導___________從句，意為“______________”10不定式短語作__________，修飾__________11引導_______從句12動名詞短語作介詞of的_____Although__scientists__try__to__make__sure__nothing__goes__wrong,__accidents__can__still__happen. For example, all the astronauts on the Soyuz 11, Challenger, and Columbia spacecraft died during their missions. However, while9 such disasters brought much sadness and disappointment, the desire to explore the universe10 did not die. This is because11 people believe in the importance of carrying on space exploration12 despite the huge risks.讓步狀語雖然，盡管后置定語the desire表語賓語雖然科學家們極力確保萬無一失，但事故仍時有發生。例如，“聯盟11號”“挑戰者號”和“哥倫比亞號”宇宙飛船上的宇航員們在執行任務時全部遇難。這些悲劇使人倍感傷心與失望，但是，探索宇宙的愿望永不磨滅。這是因為人們堅信太空探索的重要性，哪怕面臨巨大的風險。 筆記空間﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍13不定式短語作________，修飾__________________14引導______________從句15“不定冠詞＋序數詞＋名詞”表示“_______________” 16過去分詞短語作______China's space programme started later than those of Russia and the US, but it has made great progress in a short time. China became the third country in the world to independently send humans into space13 in 2003, when14 Yang Liwei successfully orbited Earth in the Shenzhou 5 spacecraft. Then Shenzhou 6 and 7 completed a second manned orbit15 and the first Chinese spacewalk, followed by16 the vehicle Jade Rabbit being sent to the moon to study its surface.后置定語the third country非限制性定語又……，再……狀語17不定式短語作__________18不定式短語作___________19現在分詞短語作__________On 23 July 2020, China sent Tianwen 1 to explore the surface of Mars17.It arrived in February 2021 and then sent back lots of valuable information. And from 2021 to 2022, China completed a number of rocket missions to establish its own space station18. In 2022, the launch of the Mengtian module signalled the basic completion of the Tiangong Space Station. This modern space station will allow astronauts to conduct many important experiments, greatly furthering our understanding of the universe19.目的狀語目的狀語結果狀語中國的太空項目起步晚于俄羅斯和美國，但在短時間內發展迅速。2003年，楊利偉乘坐“神舟五號”宇宙飛船成功環繞地球運行，中國成為世界上第三個能夠獨立將人類送入太空的國家。此后，“神舟六號”和“神舟七號”分別完成了第二次載人環繞地球飛行以及中國人的第一次太空行走。緊接著，“玉兔號”月球車飛抵月球，開展月球表面研究。2020年7月23日，中國發射“天問一號”探測火星表面。它于2021年2月抵達，隨后發回大量有價值的信息。從2021年到2022年，中國完成了多次火箭(發射)任務，建立了自己的空間站。2022年，“夢天”太空艙的發射標志著天宮空間站基本建成。這個現代化的空間站使得宇航員們能夠開展很多重要實驗，從而大大加深我們對宇宙的了解。筆記空間﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍20不定式短語作__________21引導______從句，在從句中作______22不定式短語作__________The__future__of__space__exploration__remains__bright. Many countries have plans to further study planets20 like Mars and Jupiter. Despite the difficulties, scientists hope to make more valuable discoveries that21 will enable the human race to survive well22 into the future.太空探索的未來仍然是光明的。很多國家都已制訂計劃，將進一步研究火星、木星等行星。盡管困難重重，科學家們希望獲得更多有價值的發現，讓人類延續生存，直到未來。后置定語定語主語賓語補足語A．China has made great progress in space exploration in the early 21st century, becoming the third country to send humans to space.B．Space travel became a reality in the 20th century, with American and Soviet space missions.C．The future of space exploration looks bright, as many countries are planning further missions.D．Humans have always had a natural curiosity about space.E．Space travel has always involved great risk, but despite the risks exploration continues.(一)課文段意連線閱讀領悟(____)Para.1(____) Para.2(____) Para.3(____) Para.4(____) Para.5 DBEAC(二)細節理解填空dreamwas launchedorbitedOctoberthefirst personstepped ontothe moonVoyager 119695 September(三)相關話題語塊1．________________________________ 實現探索太空的夢想2．________________ 發射衛星3．_______________________ 人類巨大的一步4．___________________ 實現很多目標5．____________________ 探索宇宙realise the dream to explore spacelaunch satellitesone giant leap for mankindachieve many goalsexplore the universe6．carry on space exploration ________________7．despite the huge risks ___________________8．make great progress in a short time ___________________________9．signal one step further ________________10．survive well ________________進行太空探索盡管有巨大的風險在短時間內取得巨大的進步標志著往前一步好好生存合作探究 課時重點探究一 熱詞（一）高頻詞 determine vt. 查明；確定；決定 determination n. 決心；決定 determine to do sth 決心做某事(表示動作) determine on/upon (doing) sth 決定(做)某事 be determined to do sth 決心做某事(表示狀態) be determined that ... 決心……1.determined adj. 有決心的，意志堅定的(教材P40)【語境感知】①I was proud of his strong determination.我為他堅毅的決心而驕傲。②He determined to start his own business after years of working for someone else.在為別人工作多年后，他決定自己創業。③After careful consideration, she determined on pursuing a career in medicine.經過深思熟慮后，她決定從事醫學事業。④She is determined to finish her studies despite the challenges she faces.她下定決心要完成學業，盡管面臨諸多挑戰。【學會運用】單句語法填空①The parents were determined ________ the two girls should be fully self supporting.②I determine _____________ (continue) to research in this area and improve my study in the future.③There was an expression of fierce ______________ (determine) on her face.thatto continuedetermination【學會表達】翻譯句子④他下決心要成為一名優秀的籃球運動員。____________________________________________________________________⑤我已經決定畢業后去西藏。____________________________________________________________________He was determined to become an excellent basketball player.I have determined on/upon going to Tibet after graduation. launch a rocket/communications satellite 發射火箭/通信衛星 launch (oneself) into (熱情地)開始做，投入 launch out 開始從事，投身于(新的、尤指更令人興奮的事業) the launch of ……的發射/發起/上市2.launch vt.& n. 發射；發起；上市；使投身于(事業等)(教材P40)【語境感知】①NASA launched a communications satellite to improve communication links.NASA發射了一顆通信衛星以改善通信鏈路。②She launched herself into a new hobby, painting landscapes in her free time.她投身于一項新愛好，即在空閑時間畫風景畫。③It's time I launched out on my own.該是我自己創業的時候了。④The launch of a series of new car models has contributed to the growth of the automobile industry.一系列新車型的推出促進了汽車行業的發展。【學會運用】單句語法填空①The publishing house is going to launch ________ a new journal.②She launched herself ________ her studies with renewed determination.③The launch ________ the new smartphone model attracted huge crowds and media attention.【學會表達】翻譯句子④為了籌集15萬美元，該組織發起了一場募捐活動。____________________________________________________________________⑤科學家們成功地將一顆衛星送入軌道，以研究地球的大氣層。____________________________________________________________________outintoofThe organization launched a campaign to raise $150，000.Scientists successfully launched a satellite into orbit to study the planet's atmosphere. a leap in ... ……的驟變/劇增/激增 make/take a leap 縱身一跳；飛速增長 leap up 躍起 leap at 迅速抓住；急切地接受(機會) look before you leap 三思而后行3.leap n. 跳躍；劇增；劇變 vi.& vt. 跳過；躍過(教材P40)【語境感知】①The invention of the Internet was a leap in human communication and connectivity.互聯網的發明是人類溝通和連接方面的一大飛躍。②She took a flying leap and landed on the other side of the stream.她縱身一躍，落在了小溪的另一邊。③The cat leaped up onto the counter as soon as it saw the fish on the plate.貓一看到盤子里的魚，就跳上了柜臺。④The post of principal of the theatre school became vacant and he leapt at the chance.戲劇學校校長的職位空缺了，他抓住了這個機會。【學會運用】單句語法填空①There is a great leap ________ technology advancement since the invention of smartphones.②When I offered her the job, she leapt ________ it immediately.③He leaped ________ from his chair when he heard the good news.【學會表達】翻譯句子④不管你想做什么事，請三思而后行。____________________________________________________________________⑤宋代是城市發展史上的一次飛躍和重要轉折。____________________________________________________________________inatupNo matter what you want to do, please look before you leap.The development of the city was an important transition and a leap in the Song Dynasty. disappoint v. 使失望 disappointing adj. 令人失望的 disappointed adj. 失望的；沮喪的 be disappointed at/by sth 對某事感到失望 be disappointed in/with sb/sth 對某人/某事感到失望 be disappointed to do sth 做某事很失望 be disappointed that ... 失望的是…… to one's disappointment 令某人失望的是4.disappointment n. 失望；沮喪(教材 P41)【語境感知】①The wine was excellent, but the food was disappointing.酒很好，但食物令人失望。②She was disappointed at the outcome of the game, despite her team's best efforts.盡管她的團隊已經盡力了，但她對比賽的結果還是很失望。③I am disappointed in you—I really thought I could trust you!你真讓我失望——我原以為可以相信你的！④In the next spring, he reached the same spot but was disappointed to find only leaves.第二年春天，他來到了同一個地方，但失望地發現只有樹葉。⑤I was disappointed that John was not there.我很失望約翰不在那兒。⑥To Edward's disappointment, Gina never turned up at the party.令愛德華失望的是，吉娜從未出現在聚會上。【學會運用】單句語法填空①In spite of his ________________ (disappoint), he managed a weak smile.②Our defeat was expected but it is ____________ (disappoint) nevertheless.③He was disappointed ________ (see) she wasn't in the match.【學會表達】翻譯句子④令我非常失望的是，他拒絕幫助我。____________________________________________________________________⑤他們對結果感到失望是可以理解的。____________________________________________________________________disappointmentdisappointingto seeTo my great disappointment, he refused to help me. They were understandably disappointed with the result. have a/no desire for sth 急于想得到某物/對某物沒有欲望 have a desire to do sth 渴望做某事 satisfy one's desire 滿足某人的欲望 desire to do sth 渴望做某事 desire sb to do sth 期望某人做某事 desire that sb/sth (should) do sth 渴望某人/物做某事5.desire n. 渴望；欲望 vt. 渴望；期望(教材P41)【語境感知】①Many people in rural areas have a strong desire to improve their lives through having jobs.許多農村地區的人強烈希望通過工作來改善生活。②He worked hard to satisfy his desire for success and recognition in his field.他努力工作，以滿足他在自己領域獲得成功和認可的愿望。③Fewer people desire to live in the north of the country.想住在這個國家北方的人更少了。④Harold desired that he (should) be buried next to his wife after he died.哈羅德希望他死后能葬在他的妻子旁邊。【學會運用】單句語法填空①He desires ________ (join) the army and devote himself to the motherland.②I have no desire ________ money that has been made by dishonest means.③The president desired that you _____________ (visit) him next month.【學會表達】翻譯句子④我有強烈的愿望去幫助和關心他人。____________________________________________________________________⑤她希望這事暫時別提。____________________________________________________________________to joinfor(should) visitI had a strong desire to help and care for people.She desires that it should not be mentioned for the present. signal (to) sb to do sth 示意某人做某事 signal (sb) that ... (向某人)發信號/示意…… a danger/warning signal 危險/警告信號 a/the signal of ……的信號 send/give out a signal 發出信號6.signal vt.& vi. 標志著；標明；發信號；示意n. 信號；標志(教材P41)【語境感知】①She quickly put a finger to her lips and signalled them to be quiet.她迅速把手指放在嘴唇上，示意他們保持安靜。②She has signalled (that) she is willing to stand as a candidate.她表示愿意作為候選人參加競選。③The flashing red light served as a warning signal to slow down.閃爍的紅燈作為警告信號，提示減速慢行。④Kurdish leaders saw the visit as an important signal of support.庫爾德領導人將這次訪問視作一種表示支持的重要信號。【學會運用】單句語法填空①Chest pains can be a warning signal ________ heart problems.②The policeman signalled ________ the truck to stop.③That would signal ________ something in common can be found.【學會表達】翻譯句子④他示意要我們加入他們隊。____________________________________________________________________⑤最早的交通信號燈是為火車而不是汽車通行設計的。____________________________________________________________________oftothatHe signalled to us to join their team.The earliest traffic signals were designed for trains, not cars.7.transmit vt.& vi. 傳輸；發送→_______________ n. 傳輸；傳遞【語境感知】The music was transmitted wirelessly through Bluetooth, providing a clear transmission of sound to the speakers.音樂通過藍牙無線傳輸，為揚聲器提供清晰的聲音傳輸。transmission（二）拓展詞8.independent adj. 獨立的；自立的→________________ n. 獨立(之日)；自主；自立→_______________ adv. 獨立地；自立地【語境感知】She is an independent woman who chooses to live independently and values her independence above all else.她是一位獨立的女性，選擇獨立生活，并把獨立看作最重要的價值觀。independenceindependently【學會運用】單句語法填空①The two scientists both made the same discovery ______________ (independent), at roughly the same time.②When the ___________ (transmit) is good, some foreign stations can be heard.【學會表達】翻譯句子③典禮通過衛星向五十多個國家進行了實況轉播。____________________________________________________________________④獨立對我來說很重要。____________________________________________________________________independentlytransmissionThe ceremony was transmitted live by satellite to over fifty countries.It was important to me to be independent.9.rocket [熟義] n. 火箭；火箭彈[生義] v. __________________【語境感知】①The rocket was launched from a space research base.這枚火箭是從太空研究基地發射的。②The price of meat, particularly pork, has indeed rocketed in the past months.過去幾個月，肉類，尤其是豬肉的價格確實飆升了。（三）熟詞生義快速增長；猛增【學會理解】同義詞替換①Since its release last month, the sales of the company's latest product have rocketed.________________【學會表達】翻譯句子②航天飛機發射時，它像火箭一樣直沖云霄。____________________________________________________________________soared 猛增When the space shuttle was launched, it rose into the sky like a rocket.探究二 短語意為“以便……；為使……；目的是……”的短語： so as to (do sth) (只能位于句中；否定形式用so as not to) in order to (do sth) (可位于句首或句中) so that (只能位于句中) in order that (只能位于句中)10.so as to (do sth) 為了；以便(教材P41)【語境感知】①We should improve our ability to engage in international communication so as to tell China's story well and make the voice of China heard.我們應該提高參與國際交流的能力，以便講好中國的故事，讓中國的聲音被聽到。②In order to keep the environment clean, everyone should recycle and reduce waste.為了保持環境清潔，每個人都應該回收并減少浪費。③I brought an umbrella with me so that I wouldn't get wet in the rain.我帶了一把傘，以便在雨中不會被淋濕。④They flew there in order that they might be in time to attend the opening ceremony.他們坐飛機到那里是為了能及時參加開幕式。【學會運用】單句語法填空①He practiced speaking English every day so as __________ (improve) his fluency.②My friends endured tremendous danger in order ________ (help) me.③All those concerned must work together in order ________ agreement can be reached on this issue.【學會表達】翻譯句子④他每天都練習，目的是成為一名更好的音樂家。____________________________________________________________________⑤為了提高我的寫作技巧，我讀了很多書和文章。____________________________________________________________________to improveto helpthatHe practiced every day in order that he would become a better musician.In order to improve my writing skills, I read a lot of books and articles.【分析】 This is because ... “這是因為……”，because 引導表語從句，表示原因。表示原因/結果的表語從句： It/This/That is because ... “這/那是因為……”，其中It/This/That指代上文提到的情況，because引導表語從句，表示原因 That's why ... “那就是為什么……”，why引導表語從句，表示結果 The reason (why ...) is/was that ... “……的原因是……”，why引導定語從句，that引導表語從句，表示原因的具體內容11.This is because people believe in the importance of carrying on space exploration despite the huge risks.(教材P41)這是因為人們堅信太空探索的重要性，哪怕面臨巨大的風險。探究三 長難句分析【語境感知】①The flowers are blooming beautifully; this is because spring has arrived.花兒開得如此美麗，這是因為春天已經到了。②That is why the country is called the Gateway to Europe.那就是為什么這個國家被稱為通往歐洲的門戶。③The reason why he's so popular is that he is kind and generous.他如此受歡迎的原因是他既善良又慷慨。【學會運用】單句語法填空①The reason ______ the injection needs repeating every year is that the virus changes.②She is always unhappy; this is ________ she is rather demanding.③The reason why Jack missed the lecture was ________ he forgot the time.【學會表達】翻譯句子④這是因為聽是我們日常獲取語言信息的主要途徑。_______________________________________________________________________⑤我放棄的原因是我完全看不到將要到達的地方。____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________whybecausethatThat is because listening is a key way of receiving language information in our daily life.The reason why I gave up is that I could not see the place which I was going to reach completely.對點練習 鞏固所學a.匹配下列單詞的詞義 b.匹配下列短語的詞義(___)1.spacecraft (___)2.universe (___)3.mankind (___)4.agency (___)5.determined A．adj. 有決心的；意志堅定的 B．n. 航天器；宇宙飛船 C．n. 人類 D．n. (政府的)專門機構；服務機構；代理處 E．n. 宇宙；天地萬物 (___)6.on board (___)7.carry on (___)8.focus on (___)9.step onto (___)10.in the hope of doing sth A．繼續做，堅持干B．抱著……的希望C．專注于；集中于D．在船上；在飛機上E．走上；踏上Ⅰ.匹配詞義BECDADACEBⅡ.默寫單詞1．________ n. 跳躍；劇增；劇變 vi.& vt. 跳過；躍過2．________ adj. 巨大的；偉大的 n. 巨人；巨獸；偉人3．________ n. [pl.] 資料；數據4．________ n. 邊境；國界；邊遠地區5．________ vt.& vi. 標志著；標明；發信號 n. 信號；標志leapgiantdatafrontiersignal6．________ n. 渴望；欲望 vt. 渴望；期望7．__________ vt. 查明；確定；決定8．________ n. 火箭；火箭彈9．________ vt.& vi. 傳輸；發送10．________ n. (環繞地球、太陽等運行的)軌道；勢力范圍 vt.& vi. 沿軌道運行；環繞……運行desiredeterminerockettransmitorbitⅢ.單句語法填空1．I have a strong desire ________ (write) a book and share my experiences with others.2．Don't raise your hopes too high, or you may be ____________ (disappoint).3．Harrer was one of the first ________ (climb) the north face of the Eiger.4．It's a story about a man who left jail and determined ________ (reform)．to writedisappointedto climbto reform5．He sent an email to the company in the hope ________ getting an interview opportunity.6．The images of the moon's surface __________________ (transmit) back to earth and printed out.7．A new satellite has been put into orbit ________ the earth.8．The children were encouraged to think ____________ (independent) and solve problems on their own.ofwere transmittedaroundindependentlyⅣ.選詞填空1．The phone rang, ____________ that someone was calling.2．Only light ________ are allowed over the old bridge.3．In summary, this was a ______________ performance.4．The rocket ______________ from the space center in Florida last month.5．The course consists of five optional ________．6．She threw back the covers and ____________ out of bed.7．The ________ revolves around the earth once every hundred minutes.8．The civilization of ________ has taken thousands of years to develop.signal(l)ingmodule, satellite, leap, signal, vehicle, mankind, launch, disappointvehiclesdisappointingwas launchedmodulesleapt/leapedsatellitemankindⅤ.完成表達1．She ____________________________________________ (決定外出購物) till she dropped.2．Despite the challenges, the charity ______________________________ (將堅持幫助那些有需要的人)．3．He admitted that his parents were strict with him; ________________ (那就是……的原因) he made so many achievements.determined/was determined to go out and shopwill carry on helping those in needthat was whyⅥ.完整表達1．她的伙伴們有強烈的獲勝欲望。____________________________________________________________________2．這對夫婦搬到了一個大城市，希望得到更好的治療。____________________________________________________________________3．為了到達山頂，我們不得不徒步數小時。____________________________________________________________________Her partners have a strong desire to win.We had to hike for several hours in order/so as to get to the top of the mountain.The couple moved to a big city in the hope of getting better treatment.課后課時作業（一）較易題(占比30%) 中檔題(占比70%) 拔高題(占比0%)Ⅰ 完形填空(2024·廣西桂林市高一下期末)Careers in science are often considered as difficult for students lacking talent or intelligence, yet the experience of Scott Kelly, commander of the International Space Station, stands as an example to prove it's __1__．As a child, he displayed little interest in science or any other __2__. He spent most of his school days daydreaming because he was unable to __3__ the lessons. As a result, his grades were terrible and he barely graduated from high school, doubting whether he would ever __4__ his dreams.題號 Ⅰ Ⅱ Ⅲ難度 ★★ ★★ ★That all __5__ when he picked up and read The Right Stuff, Tom Wolfe's book of the pioneering Americans who first explored space. __6__ at last, he was determined to be an astronaut, which meant doing well in science classes. Therefore, he __7__ his mind to perform well in his science classes.After years of daydreaming, it was not a(n) __8__ task. But he approached it like a game. The more he __9__ his study skills, the more he gained knowledge and improved. __10__， it became a personal __11__ to see how capable he could become. No one was more surprised than him when this __12__ daydreamer began to get straight A's in his science exams, which is significant for him to become an astronaut.篇章導讀：本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述了Scott Kelly (斯科特·凱利)從對科學不感興趣到成為國際空間站指揮官，強調了只要有決心和努力，任何人都能克服困難，實現自己的夢想。We'd better stop __13__ the statement that science is just too hard. If you are a student who has been told “you're not a science person” or “your mind doesn't function that way”， just __14__ such comments! Anyone who desires to learn can master these subjects—they just need to be __15__ to do the work.1．A.wrong B．normalC．unusual D．illegal2．A.schedules B．goalsC．subjects D．students解析：wrong錯誤的；normal正常的；unusual不尋常的；illegal非法的。根據上文“Careers in science ... talent or intelligence”及表示轉折的詞“yet”可知，作者認為這種觀點是錯誤的。故選A。解析：根據下文“He spent most of his school days daydreaming”可知，他對科學或任何其他學科都表現出很少的興趣。故選C。3．A.work on B．set aboutC．think about D．focus on4．A.reach B．acceptC．realize D．observe解析： work on從事于；set about開始；think about考慮；focus on集中于。根據上文“He spent most of his school days daydreaming”可知，他無法專注于課程。故選D。解析：reach到達；accept接受；realize實現；observe觀察。根據下文“his dreams”可知，此處表示實現夢想。故選C。5．A.finished B．realizedC．happened D．changed6．A.Inspired B．DisappointedC．Satisfied D．Shocked解析：finish完成；realize意識到；happen發生；change改變。根據下文“he was determined to be an astronaut, which meant doing well in science classes”可知，他以前是一個成績很差的學生，現在卻要決心成為宇航員，由此可推知，此處指一切都改變了。故選D。解析：inspired受到鼓舞的；disappointed失望的；satisfied滿意的；shocked震驚的。根據下文“he was determined to be an astronaut”可知，他受到鼓舞。故選A。7．A.gave up B．made upC．formed into D．got into8．A.possible B．difficultC．easy D．intelligent解析：give up放棄；make up下定決心；form into形成；get into進入。根據上文“he was determined to be an astronaut, which meant doing well in science classes”可知，他下定決心要在科學課上表現出色。故選B。解析：possible可能的；difficult困難的；easy容易的；intelligent聰明的。根據上文“After years of daydreaming”可知，他以前總是做白日夢，現在要真正努力學習，這并不是一項容易的任務。故選C。9．A.planned B．practicedC．arranged D．exchanged10．A.Particularly B．SurprisinglyC．Fortunately D．Eventually解析：plan計劃；practice練習；arrange安排；exchange交換。根據下文“his study skills”可知，他練習學習能力。故選B。解析：particularly尤其；surprisingly令人驚訝地；fortunately幸運地；eventually最終。根據下文“it became a personal”以及“daydreamer began ... to become an astronaut”可知，下文是經過了一系列努力之后的最終結果。故選D。11．A.warning B．dealC．competition D．movement12．A.real B．formerC．free D．latest解析：warning警告；deal交易；competition競賽；movement運動。根據下文“to see how capable he could become”可知，這成了一場自己和自己的競賽。故選C。解析：real真實的；former以前的；free自由的；latest最新的。根據下文“daydreamer”可知，此處指這個曾經做白日夢的學生開始在科學考試中取得全A的成績。故選B。13．A.signing B．breakingC．furthering D．criticizing14．A.apply B．ignoreC．return D．handle解析：sign簽署；break打破；further推進；criticize批評。根據下文“the statement that science is just too hard”可知，此處指我們最好不要再進一步宣揚“科學太難了”的說法。故選C。解析：apply申請；ignore忽略；return返回；handle處理。根據上文“If you are a student ... function that way”以及下文“such comments”可知，此處指要忽略這些評論。故選B。15．A.willing B．worriedC．equal D．forced解析：句意：任何想要學習的人都可以掌握這些科目——他們只需要愿意去做這項工作。willing愿意的；worried擔心的；equal平等的；forced被迫的。故選A。Ⅱ 閱讀(2024·河南省鄭州市高一下期末)As human beings, we naturally tend to become more and more curious about everything about ourselves, including our history, psychology and philosophy. Much of our knowledge moves around humankind itself, as if we were the most important thing in the universe.But in the course of the centuries, we have come to realize just how many wrong ideas we have had. We have learned of the existence of black holes, waves of space, and the extraordinary molecular (分子的) structures in every cell of our bodies.The more we discover, the more we understand that what we don't yet know is greater than what we know. The more powerful our telescopes are, the stranger and more unexpected are the heavens we see. The closer we look at the detail of matter, the more we discover of its great structure.In a famous story told by Plato in the seventh book of The Republic, some men are chained at the bottom of a dark cave and see only shadows cast upon a wall by a fire behind them. They think that this is reality. One of them frees himself, leaves the cave and discovers the light of the sun and the wider world. At first, the light, to which his eyes are unaccustomed (不適應的), surprises and confuses him. But eventually he can see and returns excitedly to his friends to tell them what he has seen. They find it hard to believe.We are all in the depths of a cave, chained by our ignorance and prejudice (偏見), so our weak senses show only shadows. If we try to see further, we are confused: we are unaccustomed. But we try. This is science. Scientific thinking explores and redraws the world, gradually offering us better and better images of it, teaching us to think in ever more effective ways. Its strength is its ability to overthrow old ideas, to uncover new regions of reality, and to construct new, more effective images of the world. This adventure rests upon the entirety of past knowledge, but at its heart is change.The incompleteness and the uncertainty of our knowledge, hung over the abyss (深淵) of what we don't know, does not make life meaningless; it makes life interesting and precious.篇章導讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了人類對宇宙認知的局限性與探索未知的重要性。1．What are the first three paragraphs mainly about A．Splendid cultures for centuries created by man.B．Enough existing technologies for further exploration.C．New discoveries of the universe proved to be wrong.D．Our incomplete and uncertain knowledge of the universe.解析：段落大意題。根據文章前三段內容可知，人類對于自身的探索從歷史、心理學到哲學，而這些探索揭示了我們曾有的許多錯誤觀念，我們了解了黑洞的存在、空間波以及人體細胞內的分子結構等。所以，前三段都在說明我們對宇宙的認知是不完整且充滿不確定性的。故選D。2．Why does the author use the story told by Plato A．To let us truly realize the cruelty of reality.B．To cheer for the heroic deeds of pursuing freedom.C．To inspire us to explore more about the unknown world.D．To prove our unfamiliarity and prejudice about the world.解析：推理判斷題。根據第四段中的“In a famous story ... and the wider world.”可知，柏拉圖在《理想國》第七卷中講述了一個著名的故事，一些人被鎖在一個黑暗的洞穴底部，只能看到身后的火投射在墻上的影子，他們認為這是現實。其中一人重獲自由，離開洞穴，發現了陽光和更廣闊的世界。由此可推知，作者用柏拉圖講的故事激勵我們去更多地探索未知的世界。故選C。3．What does the author want to stress in the article A．Making nature take its course improves our lives.B．Past knowledge prevents us building a new world.C．Exploring the universe makes our life meaningful.D．Discovering the universe a lot will cause confusion.解析：推理判斷題。通讀全文可知，文章整體上強調了盡管人類的知識存在局限性和不確定性，但正是這種對未知的探索讓生命變得有趣且寶貴。科學思維不斷挑戰舊觀念，揭示新的現實層面，構建更有效的世界觀。由此可推知，作者想要強調的是探索宇宙賦予了我們生活的意義。故選C。4．What could be the best title for the passage A．The Reasons for Learning to PeopleB．The Significance of Exploring the UnknownC．The Effect of Knowledge on Human BeingsD．The Eagerness for Knowledge of the Unknown解析：標題判斷題。通讀全文可知，整篇文章圍繞人類對未知的探索展開，討論了這一過程如何逐漸改變我們的認知，使生活充滿意義。B項(探索未知的意義)最適合作為文章標題。故選B。Ⅲ 語法填空(2024·廣東省廣州市五校高一下期末)Beijing, China—China's Chang'e 6 lunar probe has successfully landed on the far side of the Moon, marking a significant milestone (里程碑) in the country's space exploration program. The probe touched down in the South Pole Aitken (SPA) Basin on June 2, 2024, becoming the second spacecraft __1__ (land) on the Moon's far side.The Chang'e 6 mission is designed to collect lunar samples, conduct scientific experiments __2__ pave the way for future human exploration of the Moon. The probe __3__ (equip) with a variety of instruments, which will be used to study the composition of the lunar surface and atmosphere.The successful landing of Chang'e 6 is a major achievement for China's space program, which __4__ (make) rapid progress in recent years. The Chang'e 6 mission is expected to provide people with __5__ (value) new insights into the geological history of the Moon. The __6__ (collect) samples will be studied by scientists around the world to help us better understand __7__ formation and evolution of the Moon. The mission is also a significant step forward for China's plans to establish sites __8__ a permanent human presence on the Moon is possible.篇章導讀：本文是一篇新聞報道。文章報道了中國嫦娥六號月球探測器成功著陸月球背面的消息，并對嫦娥六號的任務及其意義進行了簡要介紹。China's growing space program is seen __9__ a sign of the country's increasing technological advances and its ambition to become a major player in the global space race. The success is a testament to China's __10__ (commit) to space exploration and is sure to inspire future generations of Chinese scientists and engineers.1．________ 2．________ 3．________ 4．________ 5．________ 6．________ 7．________ 8．________ 9．________ 10．________1．答案：to land2．答案：and解析：考查非謂語動詞。被序數詞修飾的名詞后面應用動詞不定式作定語。故填to land。解析：考查連詞。“collect lunar samples”，“conduct scientific experiments”以及“pave the way for future human exploration of the Moon”為三個并列成分，應用and連接。故填and。3．答案：is equipped4．答案：has made解析：考查動詞的時態、語態和主謂一致。be equipped with是固定短語，意為“配備……”，此處描述客觀事實，應用一般現在時，主語The probe是單數，且與equip之間為被動關系。故填is equipped。解析：考查動詞的時態和主謂一致。根據時間狀語in recent years可知，此處應用現在完成時，主語which指代先行詞China's space program，是單數。故填has made。5．答案：valuable6．答案：collected解析：考查詞性轉換。修飾名詞insights，應用形容詞valuable作定語。故填valuable。解析：考查非謂語動詞。設空處作定語修飾名詞samples，且和samples之間是被動關系，應用過去分詞。故填collected。解析：考查冠詞。名詞短語formation and evolution被介詞短語of the Moon修飾，表示特指，應用定冠詞the。故填the。解析：考查定語從句的引導詞。設空處引導定語從句，先行詞是sites，設空處在從句中作地點狀語，應用關系副詞where引導。故填where。7．答案：the8．答案：where9．答案：as10．答案：commitment解析：考查介詞。句意：中國不斷發展的太空計劃被視為該國技術進步日益加快和其在全球太空競賽中成為主要參與者的雄心的象征。see ... as ... 為固定短語，意為“把……看作……”。故填as。解析：考查詞性轉換。to是介詞，后面應接名詞作賓語。故填commitment。(2024·湖北省武漢市重點中學5G聯合體高一下期末)Some of the world's most important scientists think the idea of people living on Mars will come true one day. Stephen Hawking believed humans must move into space to survive. “Once we spread out into space and establish independent colonies, our future should be safe，” he said. Robert Zubrin, a rocket scientist, agrees and thinks starting with Mars makes the most sense. He thinks sending people to Mars will allow us to learn a lot—for example, about the ability of humans to live in a very different environment.精深閱讀However, scientists will need to terraform Mars for people to be able to live. One of the main goals of terraforming Mars is to warm it up because the average temperature there is about －60 ℃. One idea for warming Mars is to build factories there that produce greenhouse gases. This could take many centuries. However, it should lead to rainfall and the growth of plants, resulting in more air that people can breathe.Another big concern for scientists is whether humans can move to Mars and still stay healthy in mind and body. As a test, six people lived in a Mars like environment in Hawaii for a year before “returning to Earth” recently. It was a 1，200 square foot room that was on the side of a volcano and used the sun for energy. Christiane Heinicke, one of the people who lived there, said that one of the biggest issues was feeling bored. So humans on Mars would always need to keep themselves busy with various activities. Another important finding was that the people living together should all be able to get along and work together.One particular organization based in Europe is planning to send the first humans to Mars before 2030. The organization believes that its project is giving people worldwide the chance to be part of the first human crew ever to live on Mars for good. However, many experts think the project's cost of US $6 billion is too low for it to be successful. The American space agency NASA believes that sending people to Mars would cost US about $100 billion, although this estimate is based on bringing them back to Earth, too. Regardless, it seems that humans living on Mars may well happen a lot sooner than most people believe.篇章導讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了科學家們認為人類移居火星的想法終有一天能夠實現，以及對未來移居火星的一些設想。1．Why is Stephen Hawking mentioned in Paragraph 1 A．To predict the future.B．To show his concern.C．To introduce the topic.D．To advertise space living.解析：推理判斷題。根據第一段中的“Stephen Hawking believed ... our future should be safe (Stephen Hawking (史蒂芬·霍金)認為人類必須進入太空才能生存。‘一旦我們擴展到太空并建立獨立的殖民地，我們的未來就應該是安全的’)”可推知，此處引用Stephen Hawking的話來引出人類需要將領地延伸至太空，引入了本文的話題。故選C。2．What does the underlined word “terraform” in Paragraph 2 probably mean A．Warming up a planet.B．Moving to a planet.C．Constructing a planet.D．Changing the environment on a planet.解析：詞義猜測題。根據畫線詞下文“One of the main goals ... that people can breathe.”可知，科學家們需要將火星改造成和地球環境更相似的地方，使人類能夠居住。由此可知，畫線詞terraform意為“改造某個星球的環境”。故選D。3．What can you learn from the text A．The budget of the project is cost effective.B．Greenhouse gases are a must for living on Mars.C．Hawaii is a place with Mars like environment.D．Humans living on Mars will be a reality in the not too distant future.解析：細節理解題。根據第二段中的“One idea for warming Mars ... that people can breathe.”可知，在火星上生活必須要有溫室氣體。故選B。4．What could be a suitable title for the text A．Life on Mars B．Homes on Mars C．Mars ExplorationD．Escape from Planet Earth解析：標題判斷題。通讀全文可知，本文主要介紹了科學家為移民火星做出的一些準備。B項(在火星上安家？)最適合作為文章標題。故選B。精深閱讀——好詞句小練(一)熱詞1．____________ adj. 獨立的2．________ adj. 平均的；正常的，一般的 n. 平均數；平均水平3．produce v. ________________4．________ n. 降雨量；下雨5．estimate v．& n. ________________independentaverage產生；引起；生長rainfall估計；判斷(二)高頻短語6．___________ (愿望、夢想等)成真7．make sense _________8．_________ 使熱；變熱9．get along ________________10．for good ________________come true有道理warm up和睦相處永遠地；徹底地(三)根據語境填入恰當的內容11．There were several young people sitting around looking ________ (bore)．12．She tried to calm down, but she just couldn't keep herself _______ being angry.13．Children need opportunities for ________ (grow) and development in all areas of their lives.boredfromgrowth(四)寫出下列句子中黑體部分的漢語釋義14．The issue of climate change is a major concern for many people today.__________________________15．Thanks to his help we were able to survive this terrible disaster in the end. ____________16．After years of research, scientists announced an important finding in the field of cancer treatment.____________(有關某事的)問題，擔憂幸免于難發現(五)用方框中單詞的正確形式替換下列句子中的黑體部分17．My collection is really diverse because I've traveled all over the world to find them.________18．Poor housing and unemployment are the major problems.________19．You can select a specific application to open a document.___________variousparticular， vary， mainmainparticular(六)長難句分析20．However, it should lead to rainfall and the growth of plants, resulting in more air that people can breathe.句意：然而，這應該會導致降雨和植物生長，從而產生更多人們可以呼吸的空氣。分析：主干是________________________；現在分詞短語resulting in ... 作__________；that引導________從句，修飾________。it should lead ... of plants結果狀語定語air(七)根據所給漢語，完成下列句子21．Her patience and kindness ________________________ (使我們感到舒適) in her presence.22．The movie ________________ (基于) a popular novel, but the plot was significantly changed.(八)仿寫句子23．However, it should lead to rainfall and the growth of plants, resulting in more air that people can breathe. (現在分詞短語作結果狀語)仿寫：到處都是泥和積水，很難從一個地方走到另一個地方。____________________________________________________________________allow us to feel comfortablewas based onThere is mud and water everywhere, making it difficult to travel from place to place.課后課時作業（二）較易題(占比30%) 中檔題(占比40%) 拔高題(占比30%)Ⅰ 閱讀A(2024·湖南省長沙地質中學高一下期中)The International Space Station (ISS) is a science laboratory in space. It is made of many different pieces that have been added on slowly since 1998. The group of astronauts working there changes often, but people have been living in the ISS for almost 18 years.題號 Ⅰ ⅡA B難度 ★ ★★ ★★★On Wednesday, NASA discovered that there was a leak in the ISS. The station is full of air that the astronauts can breathe. But outside the ISS, in space, there is no air. That means the pressure inside the station is much higher. So, the ISS was like a bike tire with a tiny hole in it.On Thursday, the astronauts went to work and soon found the leak. It was less than 2 millimeters wide. That's about as wide as the lead (筆芯) on a pencil that hasn't been sharpened. The hole is in a Russian part of the station, called the Soyuz. The Soyuz is the spacecraft that brought three of the astronauts to the ISS. Luckily, the Soyuz can still be used to return to Earth. When the astronauts first found the leak, German astronaut Alexander Gerst did something that seemed very natural—he covered the hole with his thumb. Because the hole was so tiny, the astronauts were never in any danger. But it was still important to stop the leak. While they waited for more advice from Earth, the astronauts covered the hole with special tape. After many people discussed the problem on the ground, the astronauts were told how to fix the hole. Sergey Prokopyev of Russia did the job, filling the hole with cloth soaked in special glue.The repair seems to have worked. The astronauts were able to get the air pressure back to normal. On Friday, the astronauts returned to their regular work.NASA says that the hole was probably made by a tiny bit of a meteorite (隕石)—a rock flying through space. Some people believe the hole could be from a screw (螺絲) that came loose. It is also possible that the station was hit by a small piece of “space debris (殘骸)”—tiny pieces of trash from other spacecraft. As more and more rockets and satellites are sent into space, space debris is a more common problem.篇章導讀：本文是一篇新聞報道。文章主要介紹了宇航員修復國際空間站的泄漏的過程和結果。1．What was the problem with the ISS A．The air started to go out from the ISS.B．The ISS was hit by a piece of space debris.C．The pressure outside the ISS was higher than that inside.D．The astronauts inside the ISS had difficulty in breathing.解析：推理判斷題。根據第二段中的“On Wednesday, NASA discovered that there was a leak in the ISS.”可知，美國宇航局發現國際空間站出現了泄漏，由此可推知，空氣開始從國際空間站排出。故選A。2．What do we know about the hole A．It was as sharp as a pencil lead.B．It was caused by three of Russian astronauts.C．It had posed a great danger to the astronauts.D．It was so small that the thumb could cover it.解析：細節理解題。根據第三段中的“When the astronauts first found ... with his thumb.”可知，這個洞太小了，拇指可以蓋住它。故選D。3．What did the astronauts use to fix the leak in the ISS A．A thumb and special tape.B．Special tape and cloth soaked in special glue.C．A pencil lead and special tape.D．A pencil and cloth soaked in special glue.解析：細節理解題。根據第三段中的“While they waited for more advice ... filling the hole with cloth soaked in special glue.”可知，宇航員們用特殊膠帶和布浸泡在特殊膠水中來修復國際空間站的泄漏。故選B。4．What would be the best title for the text A．The Danger of the Leak in the International Space StationB．The International Space Station Finds the Origin of the LeakC．New Ways to Fix the Leak in the International Space StationD．Astronauts Fix the Leak in the International Space Station解析：標題判斷題。通讀全文可知，文章主要介紹了宇航員修復國際空間站的泄漏的過程和結果。D項(宇航員修復國際空間站的泄漏)最適合作為文章標題。故選D。B(2024·安徽省蕪湖市高一下期中)It's easy for consumers to buy food and drinks like a bowl of hot rice and coke online or from neighbourhood shops, but for astronauts such things were impossible in the past.Members of China's Shenzhou manned space flight, however, were able to enjoy such food, thanks to Joyoung, a Chinese firm. Joyoung created a mobile space kitchen for the astronauts. A drinking water machine, an air heater and a soybean milk maker were all accessible in the kitchen through a smart app. Tang Hongbo, who was a member of the Shenzhou manned spacecraft said in the news that during his three month trip, he could eat hot food with just half hour efforts, a contrast to the past when similar attempts required several hours. “If we had time, we would also use equipment to eat homemade yogurt. We could also control the equipment in the space kitchen through mobile phone apps，” he said.In the past, most foods couldn't be directly heated in a microwave oven in the space. Conduction equipment often caused uneven (不均勻的) heating. An astronaut had to spend as long as four hours to heat some vegetables in the space kitchen. To solve the problem, Joyoung has developed equipment that gives out hot air to heat vegetables in a 360 degree way. That enables astronauts to eat steaming hot fish flavoured pork and Gongbao chicken, a spicy, stir fried Chinese dish.Besides Joyoung, a group of companies, including Xiaomi Corp and Huawei Technologies, have contributed their technologies to the development of the space station. A vacuum (真空) cleaner made haircuts on the spacecraft possible. NOLO VR, a Chinese virtual reality manufacturer, has helped astronauts develop an experimental equipment through which laboratory technicians on the ground can see and experience what astronauts are doing in space.篇章導讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹九陽公司為宇航員們設計了一個移動太空廚房，讓宇航員們更加方便、快捷地享用食物。5．What do astronauts think of Joyoung's mobile space kitchen A．Water saving. B．Energy wasting.C．Time saving. D．Money wasting.解析：細節理解題。根據第二段中的“Tang Hongbo, who was a member of ... when similar attempts required several hours.(神舟載人飛船成員湯洪波在新聞中說，在他三個月的旅行中，他只需要半個小時就能吃到熱的食物，而過去類似的嘗試需要幾個小時。)”可知，宇航員認為九陽的移動太空廚房能節省時間。故選C。6．How does the author show the convenience on Shenzhou manned spacecraft A．By making contrasts.B．By analyzing results.C．By providing pictures.D．By answering questions.解析：推理判斷題。根據第二段中的“Tang Hongbo, who was a member of ... when similar attempts required several hours.和第三段內容可知，在過去，大多數食物不能在太空中的微波爐中直接加熱，加熱一些蔬菜需要很長時間，但有了九陽開發的設備，宇航員能夠在短時間內吃到熱氣騰騰的飯菜。由此可推知，作者通過將過去和現在的情況作比較，來展現神舟載人飛船上先進設備帶來的便捷。故選A。7．What does the last paragraph want to show A．Joyoung needs to further its technology.B．What astronauts are doing is significant.C．Astronauts on board can do as they wish.D．There are more technologies for the spacecraft.解析：推理判斷題。根據最后一段內容可知，除了九陽，還有很多其他公司也為空間站的開發貢獻了他們的技術。由此可推知，最后一段表明有更多的技術應用于宇宙飛船。故選D。8．What is the best title of the text A．The Hot Diet on the Space Station Needs to Be AddressedB．Earth to Space, Firms Add Value by Creating TechnologyC．Modern Technology Brings Convenience to Human BeingsD．Manufacturers Make Big Profits from Inventing Equipment解析：標題判斷題。根據全文內容可知，文章主要介紹九陽公司為宇航員們設計了一個移動太空廚房，讓宇航員們更加方便、快捷地享用食物，除此之外，包括小米和華為在內的一些公司也為空間站的發展貢獻了自己的技術。B項(從地球到太空，企業通過創造技術來增加價值)最適合作為文章標題。故選B。Ⅱ 讀后續寫閱讀下面材料，根據其內容和所給段落開頭語續寫兩段，使之構成一篇完整的短文。A Writing AssignmentMrs Peabody, the English teacher, gave the class a writing assignment. “Write something in some way related to summer vacation，” she said. “Be as creative as you can. But，” the teacher added, “make sure you use proper spelling and grammar.”That night Jim sat at his desk at home and stared at a blank sheet of paper. He didn't want to write about his summer vacation as usual. What could he write about, except a dog, a water park and two weeks of camp Boring ... He'd actually been happy to get back to school.So he wrote what he wanted. Not an essay at all but a short story, science fiction. It was about a distant planet that didn't have summer—it was spring all the time. And it didn't have vacations either. The aliens on the planet worked 24 hours a day. They wished they had vacations.The next morning he handed in the story, but later that night he lay awake until 3 am, thinking, “Why did I do that Will Mrs Peabody think I ignored the assignment？” English was his favorite class. Maybe he would beg Mrs Peabody for a chance to write another one, the sort she wanted.But when he got to class the following day, it turned out that Mrs Peabody had already read and graded the essays.The teacher said, “I'm going to pass back your summer vacation writings in a minute. I'm afraid I've got some rather harsh words to say. Almost everyone in class simply wrote an essay about his or her summer vacation ... Almost everyone.”“This is bad，” Jim thought, “I'm getting an F. I know it.”“But，” the teacher continued, “one of you had the courage to be as imaginative as I asked you to be. Jim Martin was the only one who got an A on the assignment.”Jim couldn't believe his ears.注意：1．續寫詞數應為150個左右；2．請按如下格式在相應位置作答。When Mrs Peabody invited Jim to share some thoughts on his writing, other students were all looking at him expectantly.﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍Mrs Peabody thought it was time to explain Jim's grade.﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍寫前導讀：本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述了英語老師布置與暑假相關的寫作任務，Jim (吉姆)沒有按常規寫暑假經歷，而是創作了關于沒有暑假的外星球的科幻故事，最后他獲得了老師給出的A等成績。他會與同學們分享什么呢？老師為什么會給Jim高分呢？[精彩范文]When Mrs Peabody invited Jim to share some thoughts on his writing, other students were all looking at him expectantly. Jim, feeling both surprised and nervous, slowly made his way to the front of the classroom. Clearing his throat, he began, “Well, I guess I just wanted to write something different. You know, everyone else would be writing about their beach trips or family vacations, and I thought, ‘Why not create a whole new world？’” He paused and then continued, “On this planet, they don't have summer or vacations, and I kind of felt sorry for the aliens there. It made me appreciate our summers even more.”Mrs Peabody thought it was time to explain Jim's grade. She stood up and addressed the class. “Jim stretched his imagination and took a risk. That's precisely what I was hoping. Creativity and originality are qualities that are often overlooked in favor of conformity. His work reminded us all that writing is not just about meeting expectations—it's about exploring the boundaries of your imagination. That's why Jim earned an A．” The class erupted into applause, and Jim, standing tall, felt a surge of pride and newfound confidence in his own creativity.精深閱讀(2024·吉林省吉林市普通高中高一下期末)No civilization is complete without legends about outer space. Our need to challenge the limits of what we know has made humans try to discover new worlds. However, outer space exploration can't be carried out without heavy investments, which can sometimes become a burden for any country or institution. But this changed forever.Blue Origin, the space exploration company founded by American Jeff Bezos, amazon.com's CEO, made history on Nov. 23. It successfully launched a rocket to the edge of space and brought it back to Earth for a safe landing. The rocket, named New Shepard, was the first successful reusable rocket in space flight history. The next step is to prove it can fly again, making sure it is indeed reusable.“We're getting closer to a new era of space tourism，” commented Discover magazine. Reusable rockets will help companies such as Blue Origin to achieve “a cost saving means” of transporting humans into space and back, said the magazine.Previously, whenever a rocket had been sent into orbit, it had always been destroyed or lost in the process. Even the space shuttle, which returned to the ground undamaged and on its own power, was only partly reusable. This problem has made a single launch mission extremely expensive. A completely reusable system makes space travel more affordable and sustainable.Elon Musk, founder of SpaceX and another big player in private space exploration, called the idea of a reusable system “the breakthrough needed to completely change access to space”．According to an article in The Atlantic magazine, New Shepard's success has ended “a private space race” between Bezos and Musk. However, according to Emily Calandrelli, host and producer of Xploration Outer Space on Fox, it is not completely fair “to compare the two companies' achievements to date” because “their successes could be considered separate unique milestones on two different paths”. Blue Origin is aiming to sell directly to buyers (wealthy space tourists) while SpaceX is aiming to sell to large companies and the government (NASA, the Air Force). These two ideas require very different rockets.篇章導讀：本文是一篇新聞報道。文章主要介紹了太空飛行史上第一個成功的可重復使用火箭的相關信息。1．Why is outer space exploration difficult to achieve A．Because there are no legends about it.B．Because it needs a lot of money.C．Because there are no good rockets.D．Because humans don't have the technology.解析：細節理解題。根據第一段中的“However, outer space exploration can't be carried out ... for any country or institution.(然而，太空探索不能在沒有大量投資的情況下進行，這有時會成為任何一個國家或機構的負擔。)”可知，太空探索難以實現的原因是需要大量的資金投入。故選B。2．Compared with the past, what do reusable rockets enable companies like Blue Origin to achieve A．A newer means of space tourism.B．A safer landing back to Earth.C．A smaller investment to make profits.D．A less competition with other companies.解析：細節理解題。根據第三段中的“Reusable rockets will help companies ... said the magazine.(雜志稱，可重復使用的火箭將幫助Blue Origin等公司實現‘節省成本的手段’，將人類送入太空并返回。)”可推知，與過去相比，可重復使用的火箭使Blue Origin等公司能夠減少投資并獲得利潤。故選C。3．What did Emily Calandrelli mean in the last paragraph A．The two companies are similar in technologies.B．The two companies haven't ended their space race.C．The two companies have different target customers.D．The two companies have the same goals.解析：推理判斷題。根據最后一段中的“Blue Origin is aiming to sell ... require very different rockets.(Blue Origin的目標是直接向買家(富裕的太空游客)銷售，而SpaceX的目標是向大公司和政府(NASA，空軍)銷售。這兩種想法需要完全不同的火箭。)”可推知，在最后一段Emily Calandrelli的意思是這兩家公司有不同的目標客戶。故選C。4．What can be the best title of the passage A．The Rise of Private Space Exploration CompaniesB．The New Form of Space TravelC．Comparing Achievements in Private Space ExplorationD．The First Successful Reusable Rocket in Space Flight History解析：標題判斷題。通讀全文可知，文章主要介紹了太空飛行史上第一個成功的，且可重復使用的火箭的相關信息。故選D。精深閱讀——好詞句小練(一)熱詞1．________ n. 限制；界限 v. 限制；限量；使限于2．________ n. 負擔3．__________ adj. 可重復使用的4．sustainable adj. ________________5．separate v. ________________adj. ________________limitburdenreusable可持續的(使)分離；隔開不同的；分開的(二)高頻短語6．carry out ___________________7．make sure ________8．in the process ____________________9．________________ 去……的通路，使用……的機會10．________________ 根據進行；執行；完成確保在過程中；在進行中access toaccording to(三)根據語境填入恰當的內容11．The government is encouraging more ___________ (invest) in green energy.12．The sky, which is ________ (part) cloudy, is perfect for a picnic.13．Homes are ______________ (afford) than at any time in the past five years.investmentpartlymore affordable(四)寫出下列句子中黑體部分的漢語釋義14．The invention of the Internet can be seen as a milestone in human communication.____________15．The Internet has become a means of connecting people from all over the world.____________16．In order to avoid the heavy traffic on the roads, some people prefer to travel by night and rest during the day.____________里程碑方式；途徑擁堵的(五)用方框中單詞的正確形式替換下列句子中的黑體部分17．The rainy season finished earlier this year, allowing for a successful harvest.________18．The university was established in 1875, with a focus on science and technology.__________19．The way he plays the violin is truly distinct; his technique and emotion are beyond description.________endedend， unique， foundfoundedunique(六)長難句分析20．Previously, whenever a rocket had been sent into orbit, it had always been destroyed or lost in the process.句意：以前，每當一個火箭被送入軌道，它總是在這個過程中被摧毀或丟失。分析：主干是_______________________________；whenever引導__________從句；Previously作________，修飾整個句子。it had always been destroyed or lost時間狀語狀語(七)根據所給漢語，完成下列句子21．The first step is ____________ (制訂一個計劃) before starting any new task.22．The joy of _______________________ (我們從旅行中學到的) is to see the world through different eyes.(八)仿寫句子23．Even the space shuttle, which returned to the ground undamaged and on its own power, was only partly reusable.(非限制性定語從句)仿寫：中國是我的祖國，正在快速發展。__________________________________________________________________to make a planwhat we learn from travelChina, which is my motherland, is developing fast. 展開更多...... 收起↑ 資源列表 Section Ⅱ Reading and Thinking.docx Section Ⅱ Reading and Thinking.pptx 縮略圖、資源來源于二一教育資源庫
資源列表
