資源簡介

英語　必修 第三冊 RJ
Section Ⅲ　Discovering Useful Structures
& Listening and Talking
一、閱讀單詞及詞塊：寫出漢語含義
1．muscle n. 肌肉；實力；影響力
2．solar adj. 太陽的；太陽能的
3．solar system 太陽系；類太陽系
4．soap n. 肥皂
5．towel n. 毛巾；抹布
6．telescope n. 望遠鏡
7．microwave n. 微波爐
8．tissue n. 紙巾；(人、動植物細胞的)組織
二、核心單詞：寫出英文單詞
1．recycle vt. 回收利用；再利用
2．lack n. 缺乏；短缺　vt. 沒有；缺乏
3．float vi. 浮動；漂流；漂浮　vt. 使浮動；使漂流
4．otherwise adv. 否則；要不然
5．beyond prep. 在更遠處；超出
6．keen adj. 熱衷的；渴望的
三、拓展單詞：寫出英文單詞，并嘗試寫出其詞性轉換(可查字典)
1．current adj. 當前的；現在的　n. 水流；電流；思潮→currently adv. 當前；目前
2．sufficient adj. 足夠的；充足的→ sufficiently adv. 充分地；足夠地
四、熟詞生義：寫出熟義
facility 熟義：n. 設施；設備
生義：n. (學習、做事的)天資，才能，天賦
五、核心短語：寫出英語表達
figure__out 弄懂；弄清楚；弄明白
觀察下列句子并寫出黑體部分的功能
1．He hopes to be offered a job to drive taxis.后置定語
2．She hurried to the station only to be told the train had gone. 結果狀語
3．Will you be able to attend the lecture to be given by Professor Li tomorrow 后置定語
4．On arriving home, Jack was surprised to find his door open.原因狀語
5．An investigation is under way to find out how the disaster happened. 目的狀語
探究一　熱詞
(一)高頻詞
1.lack n. 缺乏；短缺　vt. 沒有；缺乏(教材P42)
lacking adj. 缺乏的；短缺的 (a) lack of ... 缺乏……；短缺…… for lack of ... 因為……的缺乏 lack confidence/determination 缺乏信心/決心 lack (for) nothing 沒有欠缺 be lacking in 在……方面缺乏/欠缺
【語境感知】
①His failure in the exam was due to lack of preparation.
他考試失敗是因為缺乏準備。
②They were unable to complete the task for lack of resources.
他們因資源不足而無法完成任務。
③As the only child of wealthy parents, he lacked for nothing.
作為富裕家庭的獨子，他什么都不缺。
④She felt nervous, increasingly lacking in confidence about herself.
她感到緊張，對自己越來越缺乏信心。
【學會運用】單句語法填空
①The girl isn't willing to attend the party for lack of a proper dress.
②Judging from his conduct, I assume he is lacking in education.
③I lacked for nothing, for he was both father and mother to me.
【學會表達】翻譯句子
④她因缺乏交通工具而無法參加會議。
She__was__unable__to__attend__the__meeting__due__to__a__lack__of__transportation.
⑤如果他們在說謊，他們的答案可能會缺乏細節。
If__they're__lying,__their__answers__will__probably__be__lacking__in__detail.
2.beyond prep. 在更遠處；超出；非(某人)所能理解(教材P42)
beyond相關短語： be beyond sb 使某人無法想象(或理解) beyond imagination 超乎想象 beyond belief 不可置信 beyond (one's) control 超出(某人的)控制 beyond description/endurance 難以形容/忍受 beyond expectation 出乎意料 beyond doubt/question 毋庸置疑 beyond repair 無法修理 beyond recognition 無法識別/辨認
【語境感知】
①Why Joan ever married such an idiot in the first place is beyond me.
瓊當初為什么嫁給這樣一個白癡，我真不明白。
②Sweden is lovely in summer—cold beyond belief in winter.
瑞典的夏天非常宜人——冬天卻冷得令人難以置信。
③Tonight's performance has been cancelled due to circumstances beyond control.
由于無法控制的情況，今晚的演出取消了。
④The necessity and urgency of that are beyond doubt.
這樣做的必要性和緊迫性是毋庸置疑的。
⑤He survived the accident, but his car was damaged beyond repair.
他在事故中幸免于難，但他的汽車卻損壞得無法修理了。
【學會運用】單句語法填空
①Why on earth he's trying to claim it is beyond me (I).
②The sight in the mountains was beautiful beyond description (describe)．
③Beyond question, this is an important contribution to mankind.
【學會表達】翻譯句子
④自從我上次離開這里以來，這座小鎮已經變得讓人認不出來了。
The__town__has__changed__beyond__recognition__since__I__was__last__here.
⑤云南這片土地的確充滿了無法想象的魅力和美。
The__land__of__Yunnan__is__indeed__filled__with__charm__and__beauty__beyond__imagination.
3.keen adj. 熱衷的；渴望的(教材P43)
keenly adv. 敏銳地；熱切地 be keen on (doing) sth 熱衷于(做)某事 be keen to do sth 渴望做某事 be keen that ... 渴望……；熱切期望……
【語境感知】
①They are keenly aware that this will be their last chance to succeed.
他們敏銳地意識到這將是他們成功的最后機會。
②She's not keen on being told what to do.
她不喜歡別人向她發號施令。
③The 40 year old said he is keen to see the city become vibrant again.
40歲的他說，他渴望看到這座城市再次充滿活力。
④The chairman is keen that the company should expand its product range.
董事長迫切希望公司擴大產品范圍。
【學會運用】單句語法填空
①The young player is keen to__win (win) a gold medal in the Winter Olympic Games.
②He keenly (keen) felt that he should do something to help.
③We are all keen that the school should get involved too.
【學會表達】翻譯句子
④年輕人熱衷于建立有意義的人際關系。
Young__people__are__keen__on__building__meaningful__relationships.
⑤父母渴望他們的女兒成為音樂家。
The__parents__were__keen__that__their__daughter__should__become__a__musician.
(二)拓展詞
4.current adj. 當前的；現在的　n. 水流；電流；思潮→currently adv. 當前；目前
【語境感知】
My current job is teaching, and I'm currently preparing lessons for my students.
我當前的工作是教書，目前正在為我的學生備課。
5.sufficient adj. 足夠的；充足的→sufficiently adv. 充分地；足夠地
【語境感知】
The light in the room is sufficient for reading, and it illuminates the pages sufficiently.
房間里的光線足夠閱讀，也能充分照亮書頁。
【學會運用】單句語法填空
①The food at the restaurant was sufficiently (sufficient) tasty to satisfy my hunger.
②Currently (current), over 500 students are enrolled on the course.
【學會表達】翻譯句子
③第二天，她感覺身體好多了，可以去上班了。
The__following__day__she__felt__sufficiently__well__to__go__to__work.
④他逆著急流游向岸邊。
He__swam__to__the__shore__against__a__strong__current.
（三）熟詞生義
6.facility [熟義] n. 設施；設備 [生義] n. (學習、做事的)天資，才能，天賦
【語境感知】
①The hotel has its own pool and leisure facilities.
這家酒店有自己的游泳池和休閑設施。
②He plays the piano with surprising facility.
他彈鋼琴的天賦令人驚訝。
【學會理解】同義詞替換
①She has a great facility for adapting new environments. faculty__天賦
【學會表達】翻譯句子
②這所學校擁有出色的體育設施，包括一個大型體育館和幾個戶外運動場。
The__school__has__excellent__sports__facilities,__including__a__large__gym__and__several__outdoor__playing__fields.
探究二　短語
7.figure out 弄懂；弄清楚；弄明白(教材P42)
其他常見“動詞＋out”相關短語： break out (戰爭、災難等)爆發；發生 give out 分發；用完；耗盡，精疲力盡；發出(熱、光等) come out 出現；出版；結果是 work out 算出；想出；制訂出；產生結果；被證明有效 bring out 使顯出；出版；生產
【語境感知】
①When Saturday finally arrived, Kevin still hadn't figured out what he was going to do.
當星期六終于來到時，凱文仍然沒有想出他要做什么。
②After a month their food supplies gave out.
一個月后，他們的食物供應用完了。
③The sky cleared and the sun came out.
天空放晴，太陽出來了。
④They're trying to work out a peace formula acceptable to both sides in the dispute.
他們正在設法制訂出一個爭執雙方都可以接受的和平方案。
⑤He's bringing out a new album next month.
他下個月將推出一張新專輯。
【學會運用】選詞填空(work out/figure out/break out)
①Fighting broke__out in three districts of the city last night.
②They worked__out an effective method, which was confirmed by the leadership.
③We spent about one month in figuring__out how to start the equipment.
【學會表達】翻譯句子
④如今，研究人員已經解開他們秘密的一部分。
Now__researchers__have__figured__out__part__of__their__secret.
⑤當我們離目的地只有幾英里的路程時，汽油用完了。
When__we__were__only__a__few__miles__from__our__destination__the__petrol__gave__out.
探究三　長難句分析
8.As we all know, an astronaut needs to be healthy and calm in order to work in space.(教材P42) 眾所周知，宇航員在太空中工作需要保持健康和冷靜。
【分析】　as引導非限制性定語從句，意為“正如；如同”。 as引導的從句： “正如；如同”，引導非限制性定語從句 “隨著，當……時”，引導時間狀語從句 “因為，由于”，引導原因狀語從句 “盡管，雖然”，引導讓步狀語從句，常用倒裝語序，相當于though “照……方式”，引導方式狀語從句 “像……一樣”，引導比較狀語從句
【語境感知】
①As we all know, knowledge is power.
眾所周知，知識就是力量。
②As days passed, the weather gradually improved, bringing warmer temperatures.
隨著時間的推移，天氣逐漸好轉，氣溫升高。
③I wanted to do it alone as I always prefer it that way.
我想單獨去做，因為我一直更喜歡這樣做。
④You're as tall as your father.
你和你的父親一樣高。
⑤Hard as he worked, he failed to pass the exam.
盡管他努力學習了，但他還是沒能通過考試。
【學會運用】單句語法填空
①It's not as hard as I thought.
②As he suggested, things should be as simple as possible, but no simpler.
③Happy as/though they were, there was something missing.
【學會表達】翻譯句子
④我把蛋糕扔掉時，她大聲抽泣。
She__sobbed__loudly__as__I__threw__the__cake__away.
⑤你不在，所以我留了一張字條兒。
As__you__were__out,__I__left__a__message.
探究四　動詞不定式作定語和狀語
動詞不定式作定語和狀語：動詞不定式作為非謂語動詞的一種形式，在句中可以靈活地充當定語和狀語，以增加句子的表達力和靈活性，使語言更加生動和多樣。
語法點1　動詞不定式作定語
(1)動詞不定式作定語，修飾名詞或代詞，動詞不定式和它所修飾的名詞或代詞之間有邏輯上的動賓關系、主謂關系、動狀關系或同位關系。動詞不定式通常要放在這些被修飾詞后。
①I have a lot of work to do.
我有許多工作要做。(動賓關系)
②The future to greet us will be bright.
我們的未來將是美好的。(主謂關系)
③I have no time to go there.
我沒有時間去那里。(動狀關系)
④He has got a chance to go abroad.
他有一個出國的機會。(同位關系)
1)動詞不定式與其修飾的詞構成邏輯上的動賓關系，而該動詞不定式為不及物動詞時，其后須加上適當的介詞。
I am looking for a room to live in.
我正在找一間屋子住。
2)當作定語的動詞不定式所修飾的名詞或代詞是動詞不定式動作的承受者時，動詞不定式既可以用主動形式，也可用被動形式，但其含義有所不同。
①Do you have anything to send
你有什么東西要寄嗎？(動詞不定式to send的動作執行者是“你”)
②Do you have anything to be sent
你有什么要(我或別人)寄的東西嗎？(動詞不定式to be sent的動作執行者是“我”或“別人”)
(2)動詞不定式作定語的常見情況：
1)動詞不定式作定語可以表示將來的動作。
I borrowed some books to read during my holiday.
我借了一些我假期要讀的書。
2)序數詞，形容詞最高級， the last, the only，不定代詞something等詞后或被這些詞修飾的名詞或代詞后，且非謂語動詞與中心詞之間為邏輯上的主謂關系時，常用動詞不定式作定語。
He is always the first to arrive at the school and the last to leave the school.
他總是第一個到校，最后一個離校。
3)被修飾詞是抽象名詞時，常用動詞不定式作定語。常見的該類名詞有：plan, ability, chance, idea, hope, wish, fact, excuse, promise, attempt, way等。
And the best way to strengthen willpower is to make it into a habit.
增強意志力最好的方法就是讓意志力成為一種習慣。
完成句子
①下個月發射的衛星是中國制造的。
The satellite to__launch__next__month is made in China.
②她希望有一所舒適的房子住。
She hopes to have a comfortable house to__live__in．
③在我們做好在月球上長時間工作的準備之前，還有許多問題需要解決。
There're still many problems to__be__solved before we are ready for a long time on the Moon.
④他們已經放棄了再買一套新房子的計劃。
They have given up the plan to__buy__another__new__house．
⑤他一直在找茬兒和我吵架。
He's always trying to find some excuse to__argue__with__me.
語法點2　動詞不定式作狀語
(1)作目的狀語
1)動詞不定式作目的狀語，主要表示某一動作或狀態的目的。常用于下列結構中：only to (僅僅為了); in order to (為了); so as to (以便); so/such ... as to ... (如此……以至于……)。
①I come here only to say goodbye to you.
我來僅僅是向你告別。
②He ran so fast as to catch the first bus.
他飛快地跑以便趕上第一班公交車。
2)動詞不定式的復合結構作目的狀語
當動詞不定式或動詞不定式短語有自己的執行者時，要用動詞不定式的復合結構，即在動詞不定式(短語)之前加“for ＋名詞/賓格代詞”作狀語。
He opened the door for the children to come in.
他開門讓孩子們進來。
3)目的狀語從句與動詞不定式的轉換
目的狀語從句還可以變為動詞不定式(短語)作狀語，使句子在結構上更簡化。可分為兩種情況：
當目的狀語從句中的主語與主句中的主語相同時，可以直接簡化為動詞不定式(短語)作狀語。
We'll start early in order that/so that we may arrive in time.
→We'll start early in order to/so as to arrive in time.
我們將早點動身，以便及時到達。
當目的狀語從句中的主語與主句中的主語不相同時，要用動詞不定式的復合結構作狀語。
I came early in order that you might read my report before the meeting.
→I came early (in order) for you to read my report before the meeting.
我來得早是為了讓你在會議前讀我的報告。
(2)作結果狀語
動詞不定式作結果狀語，常表示出乎意料的結果。常用于下列結構中：only to do (不料竟會……); enough to do (足夠做……); too ... to ... (太……而不能……); so/such ... as to ... (如此……以至于……)。
①He hurried to the railway station, only to find the train had left.
他匆忙趕到火車站，結果發現火車已經開走了。
②He was so tired as to be unable to walk.
＝He was too tired to walk.
他累得走不動了。
(3)作原因狀語
動詞不定式作原因狀語，常跟在一些形容詞或過去分詞之后，說明產生某種情緒的原因。常見的形容詞有happy, lucky, surprised, sorry, glad, delighted, anxious, interested, worried等。
①We're quite glad to meet you here.
我們很高興在這里見到你。
②They were very surprised to be informed of the news.
被告知這個消息令他們很吃驚。
完成句子
①要成為一名宇航員，你必須經過嚴格的選拔程序。
To__become__an__astronaut,__you must go through a strict selection procedure.
②他們正在學習一門新語言以便與外國人交流。
They are learning a new language in order to__communicate__with__foreigners．
③她環顧四周，發現她的包還在樹下。
She looked around to__find__her__bag__was__still__under__the__tree．
④他挨家挨戶拜訪，告訴人們這個令人激動的消息。
He called at every door to__tell__people__the__exciting__news．
⑤我們聽說她又結婚了，感到很驚訝。
We were very surprised to__learn__she__had__got__married__again．
Ⅰ.匹配詞義
a.匹配下列單詞的詞義 b.匹配下列短語的詞義
(E)1.microwave (C)2.muscle (D)3.facility (A)4.tissue (B)5.soap　 A．n. 紙巾；(人、動植物細胞的)組織 B．n. 肥皂 C．n. 肌肉；實力；影響力 D．n. 設施；設備 E．n. 微波爐 (C)6.solar system (E)7.figure out (A)8.beyond doubt (B)9.(a) lack of (D)10.be keen on (doing) sth A．毋庸置疑 B．缺乏……；短缺…… C．太陽系；類太陽系 D．熱衷于(做)某事 E．弄懂；弄清楚；弄明白
Ⅱ.默寫單詞
1．solar adj. 太陽的；太陽能的
2．towel n. 毛巾；抹布
3．otherwise adv. 否則；要不然
4．recycle vt. 回收利用；再利用
5．keen adj. 熱衷的；渴望的
6．telescope n. 望遠鏡
7．float vi. 浮動；漂流；漂浮　vt. 使浮動；使漂流
8．sufficient adj. 足夠的；充足的
9．lack n. 缺乏；短缺　vt. 沒有；缺乏
10．beyond prep. 在更遠處；超出
Ⅲ.單句語法填空
1．I want to have a chance to__further (further) my study abroad.
2．I woke up to__find (find) it was raining hard.
3．Would you please bring me some paper to__write (write) on
4．We are not old enough to vote and to__be__voted (vote)．
5．I'm keen on starting (start) my own business someday.
6．The teacher explains the concept clearly in order to__help (help) students understand.
7．I have sufficiently (sufficient) charged my phone, so I won't run out of battery soon.
8．The building to__be__built (build) next month will be a modern hospital.
Ⅳ.選詞填空
expect, keen, lack, current, muscle, float, recycle, facility
1．Lack of money will have an adverse effect on our research programme.
2．Tomorrow is Earth Day; let's discuss what we can do to__recycle things.
3．In today's game the Chinese basketball team played beyond expectation．
4．Medical facilities are being reorganized and upgraded.
5．There wasn't enough water to__float the ship.
6．I'm currently working on a new project for my company.
7．She remained keenly interested in international affairs.
8．He goes to the gym regularly to keep his muscles strong.
Ⅴ.完成表達
1．He admitted a__lack__of__motivation (缺乏動力) and a feeling of sloth.
2．How can faculty improve their teaching so__as__to__encourage__creativity (以便激發創造力)
3．As__you__know (如你所知), I'm a big fan of classical music, so I'm excited to attend the concert tonight.
Ⅵ.完整表達
1．她一直熱衷于閱讀經典小說。
She's__always__been__keen__on__reading__classic__novels.
2．他們終于弄清楚了登上山頂的最佳方式。
They__finally__figured__out__the__best__way__to__get__to__the__top__of__the__mountain.
3．實際一點看，這里不是理想的住處。
From__a__practical__point__of__view,__it__isn't__a__good__place__to__live__(in)．
課后課時作業
較易題(占比70%)　中檔題(占比30%)　拔高題(占比0%)
題號 Ⅰ Ⅱ Ⅲ
難度 ★★ ★ ★
Ⅰ　完形填空
(2024·云南省曲靖市麒麟區高一下期末)When Mae Jemison was born in Decatur, Alabama, in 1956, no one would have predicted that she would circle the Earth one day. When she was three years old, her parents __1__ to Chicago. In the kindergarten, Jemison __2__ her teacher by telling her she wanted to be a scientist. The __3__ was unusual for any girl, let alone an African American girl. But she never __4__ her dream.
Throughout her academic career, Jemison was a(n) __5__ student. And she had a variety of __6__ outside of school, including dance and theater. After __7__ from Stanford University with a bachelor of science degree in chemical engineering, she entered a medical college. Her passion for global __8__ took her to Cuba, Kenya and Thailand during medical school.
Returning to the United States in 1985, for a long held __9__， Jemison applied for admission to NASA's astronaut training program. Later, she was __10__ from 2，000 applicants. __11__， that selection began a series of “firsts” for Jemison. She was the first African American woman __12__ to the training program and became the first African American woman astronaut. On Sept. 12, 1992, she became the first African American woman in __13__ as a science mission specialist.
Jemison has been awarded many honors for her great __14__. She has set an admirable example of how someone with capability and __15__ can open up a new path to achieving their highest goals.
篇章導讀：本文是一篇記敘文。Mae Jemison (梅·杰米森)作為一名非裔美國女性，擁有很多偉大的成就，她是第一位非裔美國女性宇航員，第一位進入太空的非裔美國女性科學任務專家。
1．A.turned B．linked
C．moved D．adapted
答案：C
解析：turn轉彎；link聯系；move搬家；adapt改編。根據前文“When Mae Jemison was born in Decatur, Alabama”可知，此處指她的父母搬到了芝加哥。故選C。
2．A.excited B．surprised
C．frightened D．bothered
答案：B
解析：excite使興奮；surprise使驚訝；frighten使害怕；bother打擾。根據后文“unusual for any girl”可知，此處指這讓老師很驚訝。故選B。
3．A.attitude B．behaviour
C．outcome D．choice
答案：D
解析：attitude態度；behaviour行為；outcome結果；choice選擇。根據前文“by telling her she wanted to be a scientist”可知，此處指想要成為科學家這個選擇。故選D。
4．A.gave up B．calmed down
C．cut back on D．tried out for
答案：A
解析：give up放棄；calm down冷靜下來；cut back on削減；try out for參加……選拔。根據前文“But she never”可知，前后文是轉折關系，成為一名科學家對任何女孩來說都不尋常，更不用說非裔美國女孩了，但是她從未放棄過夢想。故選A。
5．A.addicted B．ordinary
C．contented D．remarkable
答案：D
解析：addicted上癮的；ordinary普通的；contented滿足的；remarkable出色的。根據后文“with a bachelor of science degree in chemical engineering”可知，此處指Jemison是一名出色的學生。故選D。
6．A.relations B．interests
C．programs D．destinations
答案：B
解析：relation聯系；interest興趣；program計劃；destination目的地。根據后文“including dance and theater”可知，此處指她有各種各樣的興趣。故選B。
7．A.graduating B．retiring
C．disappearing D．escaping
答案：A
解析：graduate畢業；retire退休；disappear消失；escape逃跑。根據后文“with a bachelor of science degree in chemical engineering”可知，此處指從斯坦福大學畢業。故選A。
8．A.engineering B．science
C．medicine D．chemistry
答案：C
解析：engineering工程；science科學；medicine醫學；chemistry化學。根據后文“during medical school”可知，此處指對全球醫學的熱情。故選C。
9．A.topic B．degree
C．dream D．root
答案：C
解析：根據后文“Jemison applied for admission to NASA's astronaut training program”可知，此處指為了一個長久以來的夢想。故選C。
10．A.appreciated B．selected
C．attracted D．honored
答案：B
解析：appreciate欣賞；select挑選；attract吸引；honor尊敬。根據后文“from 2，000 applicants”可知，此處指她從2，000名申請者中被選中。故選B。
11．A.Amazingly B．Normally
C．Faithfully D．Originally
答案：A
解析：amazingly令人驚訝的是；normally正常地；faithfully忠實地；originally起初。根據后文“that selection began a series of ‘firsts’ for Jemison”可知，此處指令人驚訝的是，這一選擇為Jemison開啟了一系列的“第一次”。故選A。
12．A.contacted B．limited
C．attached D．admitted
答案：D
解析：contact聯系；limit限制；attach貼上；admit錄取。根據后文“to the training program”可知，此處指第一個被訓練計劃錄取的非裔美國女性。故選D。
13．A.water B．space
C．network D．land
答案：B
解析：根據前文“and became the first African American woman astronaut”可知，此處指她成為第一位進入太空的非裔美國女性科學任務專家。故選B。
14．A.memories B．confidence
C．achievements D．impressions
答案：C
解析：memory記憶；confidence信心；achievement成就；impression印象。根據前文“Jemison has been awarded many honors”可知，此處指偉大的成就。故選C。
15．A.principle B．approach
C．reflection D．ambition
答案：D
解析：principle原則；approach途徑；reflection反映；ambition抱負。根據后文“can open up a new path to achieving their highest goals”可知，此處指一個有抱負的人。故選D。
Ⅱ　七選五
(2024·重慶市七校聯盟高一下期末)Going to outer space is a little like going camping. Food with all the water dried out is lightweight and doesn't spoil (變壞). So, many space foods are dried on Earth and stored in special packets. __1__
On Earth, gravity is the force that keeps your feet on the ground and your sandwich on your plate. __2__ To keep food from floating (漂浮) away, astronauts on the Space Shuttle attach the packets to a special tray. The tray can be fixed to a wall or to the astronaut's lap. To prepare their food, astronauts use liquid forms of salt and pepper. The liquid sticks to the food better. Regular salt and pepper would float away, maybe up an astronaut's nose.
__3__ So astronauts drink everything from a small bag with a straw (吸管) that can be closed. Astronauts say that most space foods taste pretty good.
Some, such as apples and pudding, are the same as the foods you eat on Earth. Astronauts eat tortillas instead of bread because they make fewer crumbs (碎屑). __4__ Your body uses food in space the same way it does on Earth. Your body must deal with waste in space too.
During take off and landing, astronauts can't leave their seats to go to the bathroom. They wear diapers (尿布) under their spacesuits instead. The Space Shuttle has a bathroom the size of a small closet. The toilet has bars that keep astronauts from floating away. __5__
A．Liquids float right out of cups and glasses, though.
B．But there's no gravity in space.
C．In outer space, everything seems to be different.
D．Rubbish from daily life can not be thrown everywhere.
E．Some, such as dried pears, taste good right out of the packet.
F．Floating crumbs could get stuck in equipment or an astronaut's eye.
G．A strong flow of air is used instead of water to flush waste down the toilet.
篇章導讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了宇航員在外太空中的日常生活。
1．答案：E
解析：上文“So, many space foods are dried on Earth and stored in special packets.(因此，許多太空食品在地球上變干并儲存在特殊的包裝中。)”描述了脫水太空食物的特點，E項(有些，比如干梨，直接拿出來吃味道很好。)承接上文，其中的“dried pears”和“packet”與上文內容照應。故選E。
2．答案：B
解析：上文“On Earth, gravity is ... on your plate.”提到地球引力讓食物待在盤子里，下文“To keep food from ... to a special tray.”提到太空中要用特殊托盤來防止食物飛走，上下文為轉折對比關系，B項(但是在太空中沒有重力。)承上啟下。故選B。
3．答案：A
解析：根據下文連詞“So (所以)”可知，上下文為因果關系，A項(不過，液體會直接從杯子和玻璃杯里浮出來。)與下文“So astronauts drink everything from a small bag with a straw (吸管) that can be closed.(所以宇航員喝任何東西都用一個小袋子，里面有一根可以關閉的吸管。)”為因果關系。故選A。
4．答案：F
解析：上文“Astronauts eat tortillas instead of bread because they make fewer crumbs (碎屑)．”提到宇航員吃玉米餅而不吃面包，因為碎屑更少。F項(漂浮的面包屑可能會卡在設備或宇航員的眼睛里。)進一步解釋宇航員不吃面包的原因。故選F。
5．答案：G
解析：上文“The toilet has bars that keep astronauts from floating away.”提到衛生間里的設施，G項(用一股強勁的氣流代替水將糞便沖下廁所。)符合語境。故選G。
Ⅲ　語法填空
(2024·吉林省白城市洮南市第一中學高一下期中)Huangshan City has become a tourist city, __1__ includes Huangshan Mountain Scenic Area and many ancient Huizhou style villages. It lies in the southernmost tip of Anhui Province. The city neighbors Jiangxi Province in the southwest, Zhejiang Province in the southeast, Xuancheng City in the northeast, and Chizhou City in the northwest.
__2__ (locate) in the subtropics (亞熱帶), the city has a typical subtropical monsoon(季風) humid climate. It is __3__ (clear) divided into four seasons with short spring and autumn while long summer and winter. The comfortable weather affords good opportunities __4__ (travel) to the city and its impressive environments throughout the year.
It is a region __5__ a long history and splendid cultures. Since using Huizhou as its former name, the city __6__ (be) famous for the ancient Hui Culture, including Hui businessmen, Hui carvings, Xin'an school of painting, Xin'an medicine, Hui architecture, Hui cuisine, __7__ Hui Opera.
Nightlife here is not colourful, but it can be leisurely. For locals, __8__ (drink) tea in a tea house is a popular activity. Or you can walk to Xin'an River to appreciate the beauty of the city at night or just taste the local snacks in the night market along the __9__ (bank) of Xin'an River. If you happen to be on the mountain, watching __10__ sky with stars is very romantic.
1．________　2.________　3.________　4.________
5．________　6.________　7.________　8.________
9．________　10.________
篇章導讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了安徽省黃山市的位置、氣候及其文化習俗。
1．答案：which
解析：考查定語從句的引導詞。句意：黃山市已成為一個旅游城市，包括黃山風景區和許多徽州風格的古村落。此處引導非限制性定語從句，解釋說明先行詞city，指物，關系詞在從句中作主語，應用which。故填which。
2．答案：Located
解析：考查非謂語動詞。(be) located in “位于，坐落于”，此處省略be動詞，located在句中作狀語；位于句首，單詞首字母應大寫。故填Located。
3．答案：clearly
解析：考查詞性轉換。此處應用副詞修飾后文動詞divided。故填clearly。
4．答案：to travel
解析：考查非謂語動詞。good opportunities to do sth “做某事的好機會”，此處應用動詞不定式作后置定語。故填to travel。
5．答案：with
解析：考查介詞。句意：這是一個有著悠久歷史和燦爛文化的地區。表示“擁有”，應用介詞with。故填with。
6．答案：is
解析：考查動詞的時態和主謂一致。此處描述事實，應用一般現在時，主語the city是單數，謂語動詞應用單數。故填is。
7．答案：and
解析：考查連詞。設空前的Hui businessmen, Hui carvings, Xin'an school of painting, Xin'an medicine, Hui architecture, Hui cuisine和設空后的Hui Opera為并列關系，應用連詞and連接。故填and。
8．答案：drinking
解析：考查非謂語動詞。句意：對當地人來說，在茶館喝茶是一項很受歡迎的活動。此處應用動名詞作主語。故填drinking。
9．答案：banks
解析：考查名詞。根據后文“of Xin'an River”可知，此處指“新安江的(兩)岸”，表示復數概念。故填banks。
10．答案：the
解析：考查冠詞。此處特指“滿是星星的天空”，應用定冠詞the。故填the。
　讀后續寫
閱讀下面材料，根據其內容和所給段落開頭語續寫兩段，使之構成一篇完整的短文。
Back in the early 1980s, the idea of home computers was catching on. I wasn't keen on getting one. Somehow, I evolved and have owned several computers over the years. Some days, I loved my computer, but more often than not, I hated it. I didn't grow up with them, and they were a challenge to my mental health. Dealing with modern technology was my introduction to stress, and I know who to blame: my children.
They weren't satisfied that their dad and I finally bought a computer and learned to send e mails. We were quite happy with that, but next came a cellphone. Then just talking on the phone was not acceptable; they insisted we learn to text as well. We couldn't get a break.
I remember well the night that Facebook became a household word around here. Those kids of ours were determined to set up a joint account for us. It took some convincing. We felt no guilt for grating on (激怒) their nerves considering the drama they'd sometimes created for us during their teenage years. A little payback wouldn't hurt those two.
More recently, my husband and I were forced into getting rid of our flip phones and getting smartphones. I will admit that I progressed into appreciating mine. I liked speaking to Siri and finding out what I needed to know in an instant. I enjoyed having Internet access everywhere I went. I felt a sense of accomplishment; my husband—not so much. To this day, he would happily take back his flip phone.
Last Christmas, our children surprised us with yet another popular form of technology—Alexa. The girls took our smartphones in hand and got us programmed. Before we fully understood what was happening, we could tell Alexa to turn our lamp on or off, and she would. To be honest, we were a bit annoyed at having to learn how to use yet another device, but we decided to keep it. We mastered turning the lamp on and off, and once again I got the hang of it sooner than my husband did. I became his Alexa coach.
注意：
1．續寫詞數應為150個左右；
2．請按如下格式在相應位置作答。
One night, Alexa did not turn on the lamp when I gave the command. 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 We should thank our children and grandchildren. 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
5R解讀故事
1．Read for characters (人物)
I, my husband, my__children
2．Read for conflict/problems (沖突/問題)
My husband and I were forced into getting rid of our flip phones and getting__smartphones;__we were a bit annoyed at having to learn how to use yet another device Alexa, but we decided to keep__it.
3．Read for plot (情節)
4．Read for emotional changes (情感變化)
Dealing with modern technology was my introduction to stress. My husband and I were__forced into getting smartphones. I felt a__sense__of__accomplishment;__my husband—not so much.
5．Read for theme (主題)
Accept and use technology to make our life more__convenient．
4步確定框架
Step 1：先寫最后一句(主題句)
However,__the__fact__is__that__our__children__and__grandchildren__let__us__really__accept__and__use__technology__to__make__our__life__more__convenient.
Step 2：再寫銜接句(第一段的最后一句)
Then__Alexa____turned__on__the__light__itself.
Step 3：根據所給段首語句寫角色的情感
第一段：
I tried to say “Turn on the light” countless times, but Alexa didn't work. My husband complained.
第二段：
We should__thank our children and grandchildren for teaching us to use technology, otherwise our life is always invariable__and__boring．
Step 4：補全續寫每段的中間內容
第一段：
I tried to say “Turn on the light” to it countless times, but Alexa didn't work. “New technologies are always unreliable，” my husband complained. I searched__the__Internet and immediately found the reason why Alexa couldn't work. I just needed to tell Alexa to set the light color to white or whatever color I wanted, and then it would turn on the light.
第二段：
It was our children and grandchildren that taught us to use__technology so that I could find a solution on__the__Internet by myself. Without them, our life is always invariable and boring. Our children and grandchildren “force” us to accept__and__use technology, which seems to put us under pressure.
寫前導讀：本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了作者的孩子們為他們推薦了現代科技產品，作者慢慢接受了它們。去年圣誕節，孩子們給作者的智能手機安裝了Alexa程序，但在使用的過程中出現了問題。對此，作者和丈夫是怎樣的反應？作者和丈夫對現代科技有怎樣的感想？
[精彩范文]
One night, Alexa did not turn on the lamp when I gave the command. I tried to say “Turn on the light” to it countless times, but Alexa didn't work. “New technologies are always unreliable，” my husband complained. I searched the Internet and immediately found the reason why Alexa couldn't work. I just needed to tell Alexa to set the light color to white or whatever color I wanted, and then it would turn on the light. Then Alexa turned on the light itself.
We should thank our children and grandchildren. It was our children and grandchildren that taught us to use technology so that I could find a solution on the Internet by myself. Without them, our life is always invariable and boring. Our children and grandchildren “force” us to accept and use technology, which seems to put us under pressure. However, the fact is that our children and grandchildren let us really accept and use technology to make our life more convenient.
情節邏輯(范文和自己想的有何不同)
語言表達(原文和范文中有哪些表達更地道更準確) 1. 2. 3.
24(共92張PPT)
WELCOME UNIT
UNIT 4　SPACE EXPLORATION
單元主題：人與自然——太空探索
Section Ⅲ 　Discovering Useful Structures & Listening and Talking
預學檢測 單詞打卡
自主學習 課時語法
目錄
CONTENTS
1
2
合作探究 課時重點
3
對點練習 鞏固所學
4
課后課時作業
5
預學檢測 單詞打卡
一、閱讀單詞及詞塊：寫出漢語含義
1．muscle n. ____________________
2．solar adj. ________________
3．solar system ________________
4．soap n. _______
5．towel n. ________________
6．telescope n. ________________
7．microwave n. ________________
8．tissue n. ________________________________
肌肉；實力；影響力
太陽的；太陽能的
太陽系；類太陽系
肥皂
毛巾；抹布
望遠鏡
微波爐
紙巾；(人、動植物細胞的)組織
二、核心單詞：寫出英文單詞
1．________ vt. 回收利用；再利用
2．________ n. 缺乏；短缺　vt. 沒有；缺乏
3．________ vi. 浮動；漂流；漂浮　vt. 使浮動；使漂流
4．____________ adv. 否則；要不然
5．________ prep. 在更遠處；超出
6．________ adj. 熱衷的；渴望的
recycle
lack
float
otherwise
beyond
keen
三、拓展單詞：寫出英文單詞，并嘗試寫出其詞性轉換(可查字典)
1．________ adj. 當前的；現在的　n. 水流；電流；思潮→__________ adv. 當前；目前
2．________ adj. 足夠的；充足的→ ___________ adv. 充分地；足夠地
四、熟詞生義：寫出熟義
facility 熟義：n. ________________
生義：n. (學習、做事的)天資，才能，天賦
五、核心短語：寫出英語表達
________________ 弄懂；弄清楚；弄明白
current
currently
sufficient
sufficiently
設施；設備
figure out
自主學習　課時語法
觀察下列句子并寫出黑體部分的功能
1．He hopes to be offered a job to drive taxis.____________
2．She hurried to the station only to be told the train had gone. ____________
3．Will you be able to attend the lecture to be given by Professor Li tomorrow ____________
4．On arriving home, Jack was surprised to find his door open.____________
5．An investigation is under way to find out how the disaster happened. ____________
后置定語
結果狀語
后置定語
原因狀語
目的狀語
合作探究 課時重點
探究一　熱詞
（一）高頻詞
lacking adj. 缺乏的；短缺的
(a) lack of ... 缺乏……；短缺……
for lack of ... 因為……的缺乏
lack confidence/determination 缺乏信心/決心
lack (for) nothing 沒有欠缺
be lacking in 在……方面缺乏/欠缺
1.lack n. 缺乏；短缺　vt. 沒有；缺乏(教材P42)
【語境感知】
①His failure in the exam was due to lack of preparation.
他考試失敗是因為缺乏準備。
②They were unable to complete the task for lack of resources.
他們因資源不足而無法完成任務。
③As the only child of wealthy parents, he lacked for nothing.
作為富裕家庭的獨子，他什么都不缺。
④She felt nervous, increasingly lacking in confidence about herself.
她感到緊張，對自己越來越缺乏信心。
【學會運用】單句語法填空
①The girl isn't willing to attend the party for lack ________ a proper dress.
②Judging from his conduct, I assume he is lacking ________ education.
③I lacked ________ nothing, for he was both father and mother to me.
【學會表達】翻譯句子
④她因缺乏交通工具而無法參加會議。
____________________________________________________________________
⑤如果他們在說謊，他們的答案可能會缺乏細節。
____________________________________________________________________
of
in
for
She was unable to attend the meeting due to a lack of transportation.
If they're lying, their answers will probably be lacking in detail.
beyond相關短語：
be beyond sb 使某人無法想象(或理解)
beyond imagination 超乎想象
beyond belief 不可置信
beyond (one's) control 超出(某人的)控制
beyond description/endurance 難以形容/忍受
beyond expectation 出乎意料
beyond doubt/question 毋庸置疑
beyond repair 無法修理
beyond recognition 無法識別/辨認
2.beyond prep. 在更遠處；超出；非(某人)所能理解(教材P42)
【語境感知】
①Why Joan ever married such an idiot in the first place is beyond me.
瓊當初為什么嫁給這樣一個白癡，我真不明白。
②Sweden is lovely in summer—cold beyond belief in winter.
瑞典的夏天非常宜人——冬天卻冷得令人難以置信。
③Tonight's performance has been cancelled due to circumstances beyond control.
由于無法控制的情況，今晚的演出取消了。
④The necessity and urgency of that are beyond doubt.
這樣做的必要性和緊迫性是毋庸置疑的。
⑤He survived the accident, but his car was damaged beyond repair.
他在事故中幸免于難，但他的汽車卻損壞得無法修理了。
【學會運用】單句語法填空
①Why on earth he's trying to claim it is beyond ________ (I).
②The sight in the mountains was beautiful beyond ___________ (describe)．
③________ question, this is an important contribution to mankind.
【學會表達】翻譯句子
④自從我上次離開這里以來，這座小鎮已經變得讓人認不出來了。
____________________________________________________________________
⑤云南這片土地的確充滿了無法想象的魅力和美。
____________________________________________________________________
me
description
Beyond
The town has changed beyond recognition since I was last here.　
The land of Yunnan is indeed filled with charm and beauty beyond imagination.
keenly adv. 敏銳地；熱切地
be keen on (doing) sth 熱衷于(做)某事
be keen to do sth 渴望做某事
be keen that ... 渴望……；熱切期望……
3.keen adj. 熱衷的；渴望的(教材P43)
【語境感知】
①They are keenly aware that this will be their last chance to succeed.
他們敏銳地意識到這將是他們成功的最后機會。
②She's not keen on being told what to do.
她不喜歡別人向她發號施令。
③The 40 year old said he is keen to see the city become vibrant again.
40歲的他說，他渴望看到這座城市再次充滿活力。
④The chairman is keen that the company should expand its product range.
董事長迫切希望公司擴大產品范圍。
【學會運用】單句語法填空
①The young player is keen ________ (win) a gold medal in the Winter Olympic Games.
②He ________ (keen) felt that he should do something to help.
③We are all keen ________ the school should get involved too.
【學會表達】翻譯句子
④年輕人熱衷于建立有意義的人際關系。
____________________________________________________________________
⑤父母渴望他們的女兒成為音樂家。
____________________________________________________________________
to win
keenly
that
Young people are keen on building meaningful relationships.
The parents were keen that their daughter should become a musician.
4.current adj. 當前的；現在的　n. 水流；電流；思潮→__________ adv. 當前；目前
【語境感知】
My current job is teaching, and I'm currently preparing lessons for my students.
我當前的工作是教書，目前正在為我的學生備課。
currently
（二）拓展詞
5.sufficient adj. 足夠的；充足的→____________ adv. 充分地；足夠地
【語境感知】
The light in the room is sufficient for reading, and it illuminates the pages sufficiently.
房間里的光線足夠閱讀，也能充分照亮書頁。
sufficiently
【學會運用】單句語法填空
①The food at the restaurant was __________ (sufficient) tasty to satisfy my hunger.
②___________ (current), over 500 students are enrolled on the course.
【學會表達】翻譯句子
③第二天，她感覺身體好多了，可以去上班了。
____________________________________________________________________
④他逆著急流游向岸邊。
____________________________________________________________________
sufficiently
Currently
The following day she felt sufficiently well to go to work.
He swam to the shore against a strong current.
6.facility [熟義] n. 設施；設備
[生義] n. ___________________________________
【語境感知】
①The hotel has its own pool and leisure facilities.
這家酒店有自己的游泳池和休閑設施。
②He plays the piano with surprising facility.
他彈鋼琴的天賦令人驚訝。
（三）熟詞生義
(學習、做事的)天資，才能，天賦
【學會理解】同義詞替換
①She has a great facility for adapting new environments. ________________
【學會表達】翻譯句子
②這所學校擁有出色的體育設施，包括一個大型體育館和幾個戶外運動場。
____________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________
faculty 天賦
The school has excellent sports facilities, including a large gym and several outdoor playing fields.
探究二　短語
其他常見“動詞＋out”相關短語：
break out (戰爭、災難等)爆發；發生
give out 分發；用完；耗盡，精疲力盡；發出(熱、光等)
come out 出現；出版；結果是
work out 算出；想出；制訂出；產生結果；被證明有效
bring out 使顯出；出版；生產
7.figure out 弄懂；弄清楚；弄明白(教材P42)
【語境感知】
①When Saturday finally arrived, Kevin still hadn't figured out what he was going to do.
當星期六終于來到時，凱文仍然沒有想出他要做什么。
②After a month their food supplies gave out.
一個月后，他們的食物供應用完了。
③The sky cleared and the sun came out.
天空放晴，太陽出來了。
④They're trying to work out a peace formula acceptable to both sides in the dispute.
他們正在設法制訂出一個爭執雙方都可以接受的和平方案。
⑤He's bringing out a new album next month.
他下個月將推出一張新專輯。
【學會運用】選詞填空(work out/figure out/break out)
①Fighting ____________ in three districts of the city last night.
②They ____________ an effective method, which was confirmed by the leadership.
③We spent about one month in ____________ how to start the equipment.
【學會表達】翻譯句子
④如今，研究人員已經解開他們秘密的一部分。
____________________________________________________________________
⑤當我們離目的地只有幾英里的路程時，汽油用完了。
____________________________________________________________________
broke out
worked out
figuring out
Now researchers have figured out part of their secret.
When we were only a few miles from our destination the petrol gave out.
【分析】　as引導非限制性定語從句，意為“正如；如同”。
as引導的從句：
“正如；如同”，引導非限制性定語從句
“隨著，當……時”，引導時間狀語從句
“因為，由于”，引導原因狀語從句
“盡管，雖然”，引導讓步狀語從句，常用倒裝語序，相當于though
“照……方式”，引導方式狀語從句
“像……一樣”，引導比較狀語從句
8.As we all know, an astronaut needs to be healthy and calm in order to work in space.(教材P42)
眾所周知，宇航員在太空中工作需要保持健康和冷靜。
探究三　長難句分析
【語境感知】
①As we all know, knowledge is power.
眾所周知，知識就是力量。
②As days passed, the weather gradually improved, bringing warmer temperatures.
隨著時間的推移，天氣逐漸好轉，氣溫升高。
③I wanted to do it alone as I always prefer it that way.
我想單獨去做，因為我一直更喜歡這樣做。
④You're as tall as your father.
你和你的父親一樣高。
⑤Hard as he worked, he failed to pass the exam.
盡管他努力學習了，但他還是沒能通過考試。
【學會運用】單句語法填空
①It's not as hard ________ I thought.
②________ he suggested, things should be as simple as possible, but no simpler.
③Happy ___________ they were, there was something missing.
【學會表達】翻譯句子
④我把蛋糕扔掉時，她大聲抽泣。
____________________________________________________________________
⑤你不在，所以我留了一張字條兒。
____________________________________________________________________
as
As　
as/though
She sobbed loudly as I threw the cake away.
As you were out, I left a message.
探究四　動詞不定式作定語和狀語
動詞不定式作定語和狀語：動詞不定式作為非謂語動詞的一種形式，在句中可以靈活地充當定語和狀語，以增加句子的表達力和靈活性，使語言更加生動和多樣。
(1)動詞不定式作定語，修飾名詞或代詞，動詞不定式和它所修飾的名詞或代詞之間有邏輯上的動賓關系、主謂關系、動狀關系或同位關系。動詞不定式通常要放在這些被修飾詞后。
①I have a lot of work to do.
我有許多工作要做。(動賓關系)
②The future to greet us will be bright.
我們的未來將是美好的。(主謂關系)
語法點1　動詞不定式作定語
③I have no time to go there.
我沒有時間去那里。(動狀關系)
④He has got a chance to go abroad.
他有一個出國的機會。(同位關系)
1)動詞不定式與其修飾的詞構成邏輯上的動賓關系，而該動詞不定式為不及物動詞時，其后須加上適當的介詞。
I am looking for a room to live in.
我正在找一間屋子住。
2)當作定語的動詞不定式所修飾的名詞或代詞是動詞不定式動作的承受者時，動詞不定式既可以用主動形式，也可用被動形式，但其含義有所不同。
①Do you have anything to send
你有什么東西要寄嗎？(動詞不定式to send的動作執行者是“你”)
②Do you have anything to be sent
你有什么要(我或別人)寄的東西嗎？(動詞不定式to be sent的動作執行者是“我”或“別人”)
(2)動詞不定式作定語的常見情況：
1)動詞不定式作定語可以表示將來的動作。
I borrowed some books to read during my holiday.
我借了一些我假期要讀的書。
2)序數詞，形容詞最高級， the last, the only，不定代詞something等詞后或被這些詞修飾的名詞或代詞后，且非謂語動詞與中心詞之間為邏輯上的主謂關系時，常用動詞不定式作定語。
He is always the first to arrive at the school and the last to leave the school.
他總是第一個到校，最后一個離校。
3)被修飾詞是抽象名詞時，常用動詞不定式作定語。常見的該類名詞有：plan, ability, chance, idea, hope, wish, fact, excuse, promise, attempt, way等。
And the best way to strengthen willpower is to make it into a habit.
增強意志力最好的方法就是讓意志力成為一種習慣。
完成句子
①下個月發射的衛星是中國制造的。
The satellite ____________________ is made in China.
②她希望有一所舒適的房子住。
She hopes to have a comfortable house ____________．
to launch next month
to live in
③在我們做好在月球上長時間工作的準備之前，還有許多問題需要解決。
There're still many problems ________________ before we are ready for a long time on the Moon.
④他們已經放棄了再買一套新房子的計劃。
They have given up the plan ________________________．
⑤他一直在找茬兒和我吵架。
He's always trying to find some excuse ________________.
to be solved
to buy another new house
to argue with me
(1)作目的狀語
1)動詞不定式作目的狀語，主要表示某一動作或狀態的目的。常用于下列結構中：only to (僅僅為了); in order to (為了); so as to (以便); so/such ... as to ... (如此……以至于……)。
①I come here only to say goodbye to you.
我來僅僅是向你告別。
②He ran so fast as to catch the first bus.
他飛快地跑以便趕上第一班公交車。
語法點2　動詞不定式作狀語
2)動詞不定式的復合結構作目的狀語
當動詞不定式或動詞不定式短語有自己的執行者時，要用動詞不定式的復合結構，即在動詞不定式(短語)之前加“for ＋名詞/賓格代詞”作狀語。
He opened the door for the children to come in.
他開門讓孩子們進來。
3)目的狀語從句與動詞不定式的轉換
目的狀語從句還可以變為動詞不定式(短語)作狀語，使句子在結構上更簡化。可分為兩種情況：
當目的狀語從句中的主語與主句中的主語相同時，可以直接簡化為動詞不定式(短語)作狀語。
We'll start early in order that/so that we may arrive in time.
→We'll start early in order to/so as to arrive in time.
我們將早點動身，以便及時到達。
當目的狀語從句中的主語與主句中的主語不相同時，要用動詞不定式的復合結構作狀語。
I came early in order that you might read my report before the meeting.
→I came early (in order) for you to read my report before the meeting.
我來得早是為了讓你在會議前讀我的報告。
(2)作結果狀語
動詞不定式作結果狀語，常表示出乎意料的結果。常用于下列結構中：only to do (不料竟會……); enough to do (足夠做……); too ... to ... (太……而不能……); so/such ... as to ... (如此……以至于……)。
①He hurried to the railway station, only to find the train had left.
他匆忙趕到火車站，結果發現火車已經開走了。
②He was so tired as to be unable to walk.
＝He was too tired to walk.
他累得走不動了。
(3)作原因狀語
動詞不定式作原因狀語，常跟在一些形容詞或過去分詞之后，說明產生某種情緒的原因。常見的形容詞有happy, lucky, surprised, sorry, glad, delighted, anxious, interested, worried等。
①We're quite glad to meet you here.
我們很高興在這里見到你。
②They were very surprised to be informed of the news.
被告知這個消息令他們很吃驚。
完成句子
①要成為一名宇航員，你必須經過嚴格的選拔程序。
____________________， you must go through a strict selection procedure.
②他們正在學習一門新語言以便與外國人交流。
They are learning a new language in order ______________________________．
③她環顧四周，發現她的包還在樹下。
She looked around ________________________________．
④他挨家挨戶拜訪，告訴人們這個令人激動的消息。
He called at every door ____________________________．
⑤我們聽說她又結婚了，感到很驚訝。
We were very surprised _________________________________．
To become an astronaut
to communicate with foreigners
to find her bag was still under the tree
to tell people the exciting news
to learn she had got married again
對點練習 鞏固所學
a.匹配下列單詞的詞義 b.匹配下列短語的詞義 (____)1.microwave (____)2.muscle (____)3.facility (____)4.tissue (____)5.soap　 A．n. 紙巾；(人、動植物細胞的)組織 B．n. 肥皂 C．n. 肌肉；實力；影響力 D．n. 設施；設備 E．n. 微波爐 (____)6.solar system (____)7.figure out (____)8.beyond doubt (____)9.(a) lack of (____)10.be keen on (doing) sth A．毋庸置疑
B．缺乏……；短缺……
C．太陽系；類太陽系
D．熱衷于(做)某事
E．弄懂；弄清楚；弄明白
Ⅰ.匹配詞義
E
C
D
A
B
C
E
A
B
D
Ⅱ.默寫單詞
1．________ adj. 太陽的；太陽能的
2．________ n. 毛巾；抹布
3．__________ adv. 否則；要不然
4．________ vt. 回收利用；再利用
5．________ adj. 熱衷的；渴望的
solar
towel
otherwise
recycle
keen
6．__________ n. 望遠鏡
7．________ vi. 浮動；漂流；漂浮　vt. 使浮動；使漂流
8．___________ adj. 足夠的；充足的
9．________ n. 缺乏；短缺　vt. 沒有；缺乏
10．________ prep. 在更遠處；超出
telescope
float
sufficient
lack
beyond
Ⅲ.單句語法填空
1．I want to have a chance ___________ (further) my study abroad.
2．I woke up ________ (find) it was raining hard.
3．Would you please bring me some paper ________ (write) on
4．We are not old enough to vote and _____________ (vote)．
to further
to find
to write
to be voted
5．I'm keen on ________ (start) my own business someday.
6．The teacher explains the concept clearly in order ________ (help) students understand.
7．I have ___________ (sufficient) charged my phone, so I won't run out of battery soon.
8．The building ___________ (build) next month will be a modern hospital.
starting
to help
sufficiently
to be built
Ⅳ.選詞填空
1．________ of money will have an adverse effect on our research programme.
2．Tomorrow is Earth Day; let's discuss what we can do ___________ things.
3．In today's game the Chinese basketball team played beyond ___________．
4．Medical ________ are being reorganized and upgraded.
5．There wasn't enough water ________ the ship.
6．I'm ________ working on a new project for my company.
7．She remained ________ interested in international affairs.
8．He goes to the gym regularly to keep his ________ strong.
Lack
expect, keen, lack, current, muscle, float, recycle, facility
to recycle
expectation
facilities
to float
currently
keenly
muscles
Ⅴ.完成表達
1．He admitted ___________________ (缺乏動力) and a feeling of sloth.
2．How can faculty improve their teaching ________________________ (以便激發創造力)
3．________________ (如你所知), I'm a big fan of classical music, so I'm excited to attend the concert tonight.
a lack of motivation
so as to encourage creativity
As you know
Ⅵ.完整表達
1．她一直熱衷于閱讀經典小說。
____________________________________________________________________
2．他們終于弄清楚了登上山頂的最佳方式。
____________________________________________________________________
3．實際一點看，這里不是理想的住處。
____________________________________________________________________
She's always been keen on reading classic novels.
They finally figured out the best way to get to the top of the mountain.
From a practical point of view, it isn't a good place to live (in)．
課后課時作業
較易題(占比70%)　中檔題(占比30%)　拔高題(占比0%)
Ⅰ　完形填空
(2024·云南省曲靖市麒麟區高一下期末)When Mae Jemison was born in Decatur, Alabama, in 1956, no one would have predicted that she would circle the Earth one day. When she was three years old, her parents __1__ to Chicago. In the kindergarten, Jemison __2__ her teacher by telling her she wanted to be a scientist. The __3__ was unusual for any girl, let alone an African American girl. But she never __4__ her dream.
題號 Ⅰ Ⅱ Ⅲ
難度 ★★ ★ ★
Throughout her academic career, Jemison was a(n) __5__ student. And she had a variety of __6__ outside of school, including dance and theater. After __7__ from Stanford University with a bachelor of science degree in chemical engineering, she entered a medical college. Her passion for global __8__ took her to Cuba, Kenya and Thailand during medical school.
Returning to the United States in 1985, for a long held __9__， Jemison applied for admission to NASA's astronaut training program. Later, she was __10__ from 2，000 applicants. __11__， that selection began a series of “firsts” for Jemison. She was the first African American woman __12__ to the training program and became the first African American woman astronaut. On Sept. 12, 1992, she became the first African American woman in __13__ as a science mission specialist.
篇章導讀：本文是一篇記敘文。Mae Jemison (梅·杰米森)作為一名非裔美國女性，擁有很多偉大的成就，她是第一位非裔美國女性宇航員，第一位進入太空的非裔美國女性科學任務專家。
Jemison has been awarded many honors for her great __14__. She has set an admirable example of how someone with capability and __15__ can open up a new path to achieving their highest goals.
1．A.turned B．linked
C．moved D．adapted
2．A.excited B．surprised
C．frightened D．bothered
解析：turn轉彎；link聯系；move搬家；adapt改編。根據前文“When Mae Jemison was born in Decatur, Alabama”可知，此處指她的父母搬到了芝加哥。故選C。
解析：excite使興奮；surprise使驚訝；frighten使害怕；bother打擾。根據后文“unusual for any girl”可知，此處指這讓老師很驚訝。故選B。
3．A.attitude B．behaviour
C．outcome D．choice
4．A.gave up B．calmed down
C．cut back on D．tried out for
解析：attitude態度；behaviour行為；outcome結果；choice選擇。根據前文“by telling her she wanted to be a scientist”可知，此處指想要成為科學家這個選擇。故選D。
解析：give up放棄；calm down冷靜下來；cut back on削減；try out for參加……選拔。根據前文“But she never”可知，前后文是轉折關系，成為一名科學家對任何女孩來說都不尋常，更不用說非裔美國女孩了，但是她從未放棄過夢想。故選A。
5．A.addicted B．ordinary
C．contented D．remarkable
6．A.relations B．interests
C．programs D．destinations
解析：addicted上癮的；ordinary普通的；contented滿足的；remarkable出色的。根據后文“with a bachelor of science degree in chemical engineering”可知，此處指Jemison是一名出色的學生。故選D。
解析：relation聯系；interest興趣；program計劃；destination目的地。根據后文“including dance and theater”可知，此處指她有各種各樣的興趣。故選B。
7．A.graduating B．retiring
C．disappearing D．escaping
8．A.engineering B．science
C．medicine D．chemistry
解析：graduate畢業；retire退休；disappear消失；escape逃跑。根據后文“with a bachelor of science degree in chemical engineering”可知，此處指從斯坦福大學畢業。故選A。
解析：engineering工程；science科學；medicine醫學；chemistry化學。根據后文“during medical school”可知，此處指對全球醫學的熱情。故選C。
9．A.topic B．degree
C．dream D．root
10．A.appreciated B．selected
C．attracted D．honored
解析：根據后文“Jemison applied for admission to NASA's astronaut training program”可知，此處指為了一個長久以來的夢想。故選C。
解析：appreciate欣賞；select挑選；attract吸引；honor尊敬。根據后文“from 2，000 applicants”可知，此處指她從2，000名申請者中被選中。故選B。
11．A.Amazingly B．Normally
C．Faithfully D．Originally
12．A.contacted B．limited
C．attached D．admitted
解析：amazingly令人驚訝的是；normally正常地；faithfully忠實地；originally起初。根據后文“that selection began a series of ‘firsts’ for Jemison”可知，此處指令人驚訝的是，這一選擇為Jemison開啟了一系列的“第一次”。故選A。
解析：contact聯系；limit限制；attach貼上；admit錄取。根據后文“to the training program”可知，此處指第一個被訓練計劃錄取的非裔美國女性。故選D。
13．A.water B．space
C．network D．land
14．A.memories B．confidence
C．achievements D．impressions
解析：根據前文“and became the first African American woman astronaut”可知，此處指她成為第一位進入太空的非裔美國女性科學任務專家。故選B。
解析：memory記憶；confidence信心；achievement成就；impression印象。根據前文“Jemison has been awarded many honors”可知，此處指偉大的成就。故選C。
15．A.principle B．approach
C．reflection D．ambition
解析：principle原則；approach途徑；reflection反映；ambition抱負。根據后文“can open up a new path to achieving their highest goals”可知，此處指一個有抱負的人。故選D。
Ⅱ　七選五
(2024·重慶市七校聯盟高一下期末)Going to outer space is a little like going camping. Food with all the water dried out is lightweight and doesn't spoil (變壞). So, many space foods are dried on Earth and stored in special packets. __1__
On Earth, gravity is the force that keeps your feet on the ground and your sandwich on your plate. __2__ To keep food from floating (漂浮) away, astronauts on the Space Shuttle attach the packets to a special tray. The tray can be fixed to a wall or to the astronaut's lap. To prepare their food, astronauts use liquid forms of salt and pepper. The liquid sticks to the food better. Regular salt and pepper would float away, maybe up an astronaut's nose.
__3__ So astronauts drink everything from a small bag with a straw (吸管) that can be closed. Astronauts say that most space foods taste pretty good.
Some, such as apples and pudding, are the same as the foods you eat on Earth. Astronauts eat tortillas instead of bread because they make fewer crumbs (碎屑). __4__ Your body uses food in space the same way it does on Earth. Your body must deal with waste in space too.
During take off and landing, astronauts can't leave their seats to go to the bathroom. They wear diapers (尿布) under their spacesuits instead. The Space Shuttle has a bathroom the size of a small closet. The toilet has bars that keep astronauts from floating away. __5__
篇章導讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了宇航員在外太空中的日常生活。
A．Liquids float right out of cups and glasses, though.
B．But there's no gravity in space.
C．In outer space, everything seems to be different.
D．Rubbish from daily life can not be thrown everywhere.
E．Some, such as dried pears, taste good right out of the packet.
F．Floating crumbs could get stuck in equipment or an astronaut's eye.
G．A strong flow of air is used instead of water to flush waste down the toilet.
1．答案：E
2．答案：B
解析：上文“So, many space foods are dried on Earth and stored in special packets.(因此，許多太空食品在地球上變干并儲存在特殊的包裝中。)”描述了脫水太空食物的特點，E項(有些，比如干梨，直接拿出來吃味道很好。)承接上文，其中的“dried pears”和“packet”與上文內容照應。故選E。
解析：上文“On Earth, gravity is ... on your plate.”提到地球引力讓食物待在盤子里，下文“To keep food from ... to a special tray.”提到太空中要用特殊托盤來防止食物飛走，上下文為轉折對比關系，B項(但是在太空中沒有重力。)承上啟下。故選B。
3．答案：A
解析：根據下文連詞“So (所以)”可知，上下文為因果關系，A項(不過，液體會直接從杯子和玻璃杯里浮出來。)與下文“So astronauts drink everything from a small bag with a straw (吸管) that can be closed.(所以宇航員喝任何東西都用一個小袋子，里面有一根可以關閉的吸管。)”為因果關系。故選A。
4．答案：F
5．答案：G
解析：上文“Astronauts eat tortillas instead of bread because they make fewer crumbs (碎屑)．”提到宇航員吃玉米餅而不吃面包，因為碎屑更少。F項(漂浮的面包屑可能會卡在設備或宇航員的眼睛里。)進一步解釋宇航員不吃面包的原因。故選F。
解析：上文“The toilet has bars that keep astronauts from floating away.”提到衛生間里的設施，G項(用一股強勁的氣流代替水將糞便沖下廁所。)符合語境。故選G。
Ⅲ　語法填空
(2024·吉林省白城市洮南市第一中學高一下期中)Huangshan City has become a tourist city, __1__ includes Huangshan Mountain Scenic Area and many ancient Huizhou style villages. It lies in the southernmost tip of Anhui Province. The city neighbors Jiangxi Province in the southwest, Zhejiang Province in the southeast, Xuancheng City in the northeast, and Chizhou City in the northwest.
__2__ (locate) in the subtropics (亞熱帶), the city has a typical subtropical monsoon(季風) humid climate. It is __3__ (clear) divided into four seasons with short spring and autumn while long summer and winter. The comfortable weather affords good opportunities __4__ (travel) to the city and its impressive environments throughout the year.
It is a region __5__ a long history and splendid cultures. Since using Huizhou as its former name, the city __6__ (be) famous for the ancient Hui Culture, including Hui businessmen, Hui carvings, Xin'an school of painting, Xin'an medicine, Hui architecture, Hui cuisine, __7__ Hui Opera.
Nightlife here is not colourful, but it can be leisurely. For locals, __8__ (drink) tea in a tea house is a popular activity. Or you can walk to Xin'an River to appreciate the beauty of the city at night or just taste the local snacks in the night market along the __9__ (bank) of Xin'an River. If you happen to be on the mountain, watching __10__ sky with stars is very romantic.
篇章導讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了安徽省黃山市的位置、氣候及其文化習俗。
1．________　2．________　3．________　4．________　5．________　
6．________　7．________　8．________　9．________　10．________
1．答案：which
2．答案：Located
解析：考查定語從句的引導詞。句意：黃山市已成為一個旅游城市，包括黃山風景區和許多徽州風格的古村落。此處引導非限制性定語從句，解釋說明先行詞city，指物，關系詞在從句中作主語，應用which。故填which。
解析：考查非謂語動詞。(be) located in “位于，坐落于”，此處省略be動詞，located在句中作狀語；位于句首，單詞首字母應大寫。故填Located。
3．答案：clearly
4．答案：to travel
解析：考查詞性轉換。此處應用副詞修飾后文動詞divided。故填clearly。
解析：考查非謂語動詞。good opportunities to do sth “做某事的好機會”，此處應用動詞不定式作后置定語。故填to travel。
5．答案：with
6．答案：is
解析：考查介詞。句意：這是一個有著悠久歷史和燦爛文化的地區。表示“擁有”，應用介詞with。故填with。
解析：考查動詞的時態和主謂一致。此處描述事實，應用一般現在時，主語the city是單數，謂語動詞應用單數。故填is。
7．答案：and
8．答案：drinking
解析：考查連詞。設空前的Hui businessmen, Hui carvings, Xin'an school of painting, Xin'an medicine, Hui architecture, Hui cuisine和設空后的Hui Opera為并列關系，應用連詞and連接。故填and。
解析：考查非謂語動詞。句意：對當地人來說，在茶館喝茶是一項很受歡迎的活動。此處應用動名詞作主語。故填drinking。
9．答案：banks
10．答案：the
解析：考查名詞。根據后文“of Xin'an River”可知，此處指“新安江的(兩)岸”，表示復數概念。故填banks。
解析：考查冠詞。此處特指“滿是星星的天空”，應用定冠詞the。故填the。
閱讀下面材料，根據其內容和所給段落開頭語續寫兩段，使之構成一篇完整的短文。
Back in the early 1980s, the idea of home computers was catching on. I wasn't keen on getting one. Somehow, I evolved and have owned several computers over the years. Some days, I loved my computer, but more often than not, I hated it. I didn't grow up with them, and they were a challenge to my mental health. Dealing with modern technology was my introduction to stress, and I know who to blame: my children.
讀后續寫
They weren't satisfied that their dad and I finally bought a computer and learned to send e mails. We were quite happy with that, but next came a cellphone. Then just talking on the phone was not acceptable; they insisted we learn to text as well. We couldn't get a break.
I remember well the night that Facebook became a household word around here. Those kids of ours were determined to set up a joint account for us. It took some convincing. We felt no guilt for grating on (激怒) their nerves considering the drama they'd sometimes created for us during their teenage years. A little payback wouldn't hurt those two.
More recently, my husband and I were forced into getting rid of our flip phones and getting smartphones. I will admit that I progressed into appreciating mine. I liked speaking to Siri and finding out what I needed to know in an instant. I enjoyed having Internet access everywhere I went. I felt a sense of accomplishment; my husband—not so much. To this day, he would happily take back his flip phone.
Last Christmas, our children surprised us with yet another popular form of technology—Alexa. The girls took our smartphones in hand and got us programmed. Before we fully understood what was happening, we could tell Alexa to turn our lamp on or off, and she would. To be honest, we were a bit annoyed at having to learn how to use yet another device, but we decided to keep it. We mastered turning the lamp on and off, and once again I got the hang of it sooner than my husband did. I became his Alexa coach.
One night, Alexa did not turn on the lamp when I gave the command.﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍
We should thank our children and grandchildren.﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍
注意：
1．續寫詞數應為150個左右；
2．請按如下格式在相應位置作答。
5R解讀故事
1．Read for characters (人物)
I, my husband, ____________
2．Read for conflict/problems (沖突/問題)
My husband and I were forced into getting rid of our flip phones and __________________； we were a bit ________ at having to learn how to use yet another device Alexa, but we decided to _________.
my children
getting smartphones
annoyed
keep it
3．Read for plot (情節)
4．Read for emotional changes (情感變化)
Dealing with modern technology was my introduction to ________. My husband and I _____________ into getting smartphones. I felt ________________________； my husband—not so much.
5．Read for theme (主題)
Accept and use technology to make our life _________________．
stress
were forced
a sense of accomplishment
more convenient
4步確定框架
Step 1：先寫最后一句(主題句)
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Step 2：再寫銜接句(第一段的最后一句)
____________________________________________________________________
However, the fact is that our children and grandchildren let us really accept and use technology to make our life more convenient.
Then Alexa turned on the light itself.
Step 3：根據所給段首語句寫角色的情感
第一段：
I tried to say “Turn on the light” countless times, but Alexa didn't work. My husband ______________.
第二段：
We ____________ our children and grandchildren for teaching us to use technology, otherwise our life is always ___________________．
complained
should thank
invariable and boring
Step 4：補全續寫每段的中間內容
第一段：
I tried to say “Turn on the light” to it countless times, but Alexa didn't work. “New technologies are always _________，” my husband complained. I __________________ and immediately found the reason why Alexa couldn't work. I just needed to tell Alexa to set the light color to white or whatever color I wanted, and then it would turn on the light.
第二段：
It was our children and grandchildren that taught us to ________________ so that I could find a solution ________________ by myself. Without them, our life is always invariable and boring. Our children and grandchildren “force” us to ________________ technology, which seems to put us under pressure.
unreliable
searched the Internet
use technology
on the Internet
accept and use
寫前導讀：本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了作者的孩子們為他們推薦了現代科技產品，作者慢慢接受了它們。去年圣誕節，孩子們給作者的智能手機安裝了Alexa程序，但在使用的過程中出現了問題。對此，作者和丈夫是怎樣的反應？作者和丈夫對現代科技有怎樣的感想？
[精彩范文]
One night, Alexa did not turn on the lamp when I gave the command. I tried to say “Turn on the light” to it countless times, but Alexa didn't work. “New technologies are always unreliable，” my husband complained. I searched the Internet and immediately found the reason why Alexa couldn't work. I just needed to tell Alexa to set the light color to white or whatever color I wanted, and then it would turn on the light. Then Alexa turned on the light itself.
We should thank our children and grandchildren. It was our children and grandchildren that taught us to use technology so that I could find a solution on the Internet by myself. Without them, our life is always invariable and boring. Our children and grandchildren “force” us to accept and use technology, which seems to put us under pressure. However, the fact is that our children and grandchildren let us really accept and use technology to make our life more convenient.
情節邏輯(范文和自己想的有何不同)
語言表達(原文和范文中有哪些表達更地道更準確) 1.
2.
3.

展開更多......

收起↑