資源簡介

英語　必修 第三冊 RJ
Section Ⅳ　Reading for Writing & Assessing Your Progress
一、閱讀單詞及詞塊：寫出漢語含義
1．globe n. 地球；世界；地球儀
2．a(chǎn)rgument n. 爭論；爭吵；論點
3．pattern n. 模式；圖案；模范
4．high end adj. 高端的
5．foam n. 泡沫橡膠；泡沫
6．pillow n. 枕頭
7．smartphone n. 智能手機
8．in closing 最后
9．oxygen n．氧；氧氣
二、核心單詞：寫出英文單詞
1．a(chǎn)rgue vt.& vi. 論證；爭辯；爭論
2．shallow adj. 膚淺的；淺的
3．a(chǎn)nalysis n. (對事物的)分析；分析結(jié)果
4．monitor n. 監(jiān)視器；監(jiān)測儀　vt. 監(jiān)視；監(jiān)測；監(jiān)控
5．limited adj. 有限的
6．a(chǎn)ttach vt. 系；綁；貼
三、拓展單詞：寫出英文單詞，并嘗試寫出其詞性轉(zhuǎn)換(可查字典)
1．fatal adj. 致命的；災難性的→fatally adv. 致命地；不幸地
2．regularly adv. 經(jīng)常；定期地→regular adj. 定期的；經(jīng)常的；正常的
3．closing adj. 結(jié)尾的；結(jié)束的　n. 停業(yè)；關閉；倒閉→close v. (使)結(jié)束，終止；關閉
4．mystery n. 神秘事物；謎→ mysterious adj. 神秘的→mysteriously adv. 神秘地
四、熟詞生義：寫出熟義
resource 熟義：n. 資源；財力；物力
生義：n. 勇氣；才智；謀略
五、核心短語：寫出英語表達
1．result__in 導致；造成
2．a(chǎn)s__a__result 所以；結(jié)果(是)
3．provide__for__sb 提供生活所需
4．run__out 用完；耗盡
課文三維剖析
IS EXPLORING SPACE A WASTE
OF TIME AND MONEY
探索太空是浪費時間和金錢嗎？
Countries around the globe are spending billions of dollars and lots of time on various space missions, whether to Mars or1 other planets much further away. Some people argue that2 we should stop wasting time and money exploring space. Instead, we should feed the world's poor and find immediate solutions to other problems, such as pollution and fatal diseases. However, others feel this is a shallow view which3 fails to realise how4 exploring space5 helps us. 1意為“無論……還是……” 2引導賓語從句 3引導定語從句，修飾view 4引導賓語從句 5動名詞短語作主語
世界各國正在投入數(shù)十億美元的資金和大量時間執(zhí)行各種太空任務，無論是去火星還是更遠的星球。一部分人認為，我們應該停止浪費時間和金錢去探索太空。相反，我們應該解決世界上窮人的溫飽問題，并盡快找到污染、致命性疾病等其他問題的解決方案。然而，另一部分人覺得這是一種膚淺的觀點，沒有認識到探索太空給我們帶來的好處。
Firstly, exploring space6 has already made a difference in the fight against world hunger. It has directly resulted in the many satellites that7 now orbit Earth. A number of the satellites record data on land and weather patterns. Then the data is transmitted to scientists on Earth. After careful analysis, the scientists can provide useful recommendations and advice for farmers. As a result, space based science has helped farming in its efforts to grow enough food8 to feed Earth's increasing population9. 6動名詞短語作主語 7引導定語從句，修飾many__satellites 8不定式短語作后置定語 9不定式短語作目的狀語
首先，太空探索已經(jīng)在對抗世界饑餓的斗爭中發(fā)揮了重要作用。如今環(huán)繞地球運行的眾多衛(wèi)星都直接歸功于太空探索。許多衛(wèi)星記錄著陸地與天氣模式數(shù)據(jù)，然后把這些數(shù)據(jù)傳輸給地球上的科學家。經(jīng)過仔細的分析，科學家們可以為農(nóng)民提供有用的建議和意見。因此，基于太空的科學有助于提高農(nóng)業(yè)產(chǎn)量，從而為地球上不斷增長的人口提供充足的食物。
Secondly, space exploration has already promoted technological improvements that10 benefit us all. High end products around the world are made to a higher standard now because of11 advanced technology which12 was first created to meet the requirements13 for space exploration. For example, space technologies have helped the research and development of different types of new material. They have also helped companies make better heart monitors and other machines that14 doctors regularly use. Today, space technologies are widely used in all kinds of industries, and everyday products, such as memory foam pillows and smartphone cameras, are changing our lives. 10引導定語從句，修飾improvements 11介詞短語作原因狀語 12引導定語從句，修飾advanced__technology 13不定式短語作目的狀語 14引導定語從句，修飾machines
其次，太空探索推動了科技進步，使全人類受益。由于采用了先進的技術，如今全球高端產(chǎn)品的生產(chǎn)標準提高了，而這些技術最初是為了滿足太空探索的要求而研制出來的。例如，太空技術促進了各種新型材料的研發(fā)，還幫助一些公司制造出更好的心臟監(jiān)測儀以及醫(yī)生經(jīng)常使用的其他設備。如今，太空技術廣泛應用于各行各業(yè)，一些日用產(chǎn)品，如記憶海綿枕頭、智能手機攝像頭等，正在改變我們的生活。
Finally, sending astronauts into space15 has helped people to think about the world's problems and16 even to find ways to solve them17. Seeing pictures of our planet18 as an island in a black sea made people realise that19 our planet's resources are limited. In order to provide for such a rapidly increasing population20, scientists are trying to find other planets that21 could one day be our new home. The greatest attention at present is on Mars because22 it is closer to Earth. In the future, humans may live on both planets. 最后，將航天員送入太空促使人們思考全球問題，甚至去尋找解決辦法。看著我們星球的照片，猶如黑色汪洋大海中的一個小島，人們意識到地球的資源是有限的。為了滿足快速增長的人口需求，科學家們正在努力尋找有朝一日能夠成為我們新家園的其他星球。目前最受關注的是火星，因為它離地球較近。未來，人類很可能居住在這兩個星球上。 In closing, exploring space23 provides the world with many different benefits. Therefore, it should continue so as to provide new and better solutions24 to people's short term and long term problems. 15動名詞短語作主語 16連接兩個動詞不定式短語to__think__about__the__world's__problems和to__find__ways，作賓語補足語 17不定式短語作后置定語 18動名詞短語作主語 19引導賓語從句 20不定式短語作目的狀語 21引導定語從句，修飾other__planets 22引導原因狀語從句 23動名詞短語作主語 24不定式短語作目的狀語
總而言之，太空探索給世界帶來了種種好處。因此，這項事業(yè)應該繼續(xù)下去，以便為人類(面臨的)長期問題和短期問題提供更好的更新的解決方案。
閱讀領悟
(一)根據(jù)課文信息完成表格
(二)填入適當?shù)你暯釉~或內(nèi)容，完成段意
Para.1：Some__people__argue__that__we__should stop wasting time and money exploring space. Instead, we should feed the world's poor and find immediate solutions to other problems, such as pollution and fatal diseases. However,__others__feel this is a shallow view which fails to realise how exploring space helps us.
Para.2：Firstly,__exploring space has already made a difference in the fight against world hunger.
Para.3：Secondly,__space exploration has already promoted technological improvements that benefit us all.
Para.4：Finally,__sending astronauts into space has helped people to think about the world's problems and even to find ways to solve them.
Para.5：In__closing,__exploring space provides the world with many different benefits.
(三)相關話題語塊
1．a(chǎn)round__the__globe 世界各地
2．a(chǎn)__shallow__view 膚淺的觀點
3．find__immediate__solutions__to__...__ 立即找到……的解決方案
4．result__in 導致；造成
5．the__fight__against__world__hunger 與世界饑餓的對抗
6．provide useful recommendations and advice 提供有用的建議和意見
7．the resources on Earth will run out 地球上的資源將會耗盡
8．promote technological improvements 推動科技進步
9．provide the world with many different benefits 為世界提供了各方面的好處
10．provide new and better solutions to 為……提供新的更好的解決方案
探究一　熱詞
(一)高頻詞
1.argue vt.& vi. 論證；爭辯；爭論；說服；主張(教材P44)
argument n. 爭論；爭吵；論點 argue with 與……爭論；與……爭辯 argue with sb about/over sth 與某人爭論某事 argue for/against (doing) sth 據(jù)理力爭/反對(做)某事 argue sb into/out of doing sth 說服某人做/不做某事 argue that ... 認為/主張…… have an argument with sb 與某人爭吵 settle an argument 解決爭端
【語境感知】
①My parents always argue with each other about money management, but they eventually find a compromise.
我父母總是就資金管理問題爭論不休，但他們最終找到了一個折中的辦法。
②Health experts argue against smoking, saying its harmful effects on the body.
健康專家反對吸煙，稱吸煙對身體有害。
③The salesperson skillfully argued me into buying the latest smartphone model.
售貨員巧妙地說服我買了最新款的智能手機。
④(2024·北京高考)The 18th century philosopher Kant argued that the universe ultimately consists of things in themselves that are unknowable.
18世紀的哲學家康德認為，宇宙最終由不可知的事物本身組成。
⑤We had an argument with the waiter about the bill.
我們和服務員就賬單發(fā)生了爭吵。
【學會運用】單句語法填空
①We tried to argue him into joining us in helping the homeless.
②She argued that taxes must be increased to pay for public services.
③My friend argued against my decision to quit my job, saying I should stick it out.
【學會表達】翻譯句子
④他說服我買了一件新的夾克衫。
He__argued__me__into__buying__a__new__jacket.
⑤我今天有點生氣，因為我和老板爭吵了。
I__feel__a__bit__angry__today__because__I__had__an__argument__with__my__boss.
2.limited adj. 有限的(教材P44)
limit v. 限制；限定　n. 限制；限度；(區(qū)域的)界限；(可能行動或結(jié)果的)范圍 limitless adj. 無限制的，無界限的 be limited to 受限于…… limit ... to ... 把……限制在……范圍內(nèi) set a limit to 限定范圍在…… there is a/no limit to ... ……是有/無限度的 within limits 適當?shù)兀谝欢ǚ秶鷥?nèi)
【語境感知】
①Many people in China have limited exposure to English.
許多中國人接觸英語的機會有限。
②My knowledge of the subject is limited to what I've read in books.
我對這門學科的知識僅限于我在書中讀到的。
③There is a limit to the amount of pain we can bear.
我們能承受的痛苦是有限的。
④In the circumstances we'll tell you what we can, within limits, of course, and in confidence.
在這種情況下，我們會告訴你我們能做的，當然是在一定范圍內(nèi)，而且是保密的。
【學會運用】單句語法填空
①She has limited herself to 1，000 calories a day to keep fit.
②Her tone implied that her patience was limited (limit).
③There is a limit to one's life, but no limit to serving the people.
【學會表達】翻譯句子
④你不得不限制這趟旅行的費用。
You__have__to__set__a__limit__to__the__expense__of__the__trip.
⑤教授歷史不應該局限于講年代和人物。
The__teaching__of__history__should__not__be__limited__to__dates__and__figures.
3.attach vt. 系；綁；貼(教材P46)
attached adj. 熱愛……的；附屬的 attachment n. 附屬；依戀；附件 attach ... to ... 把……固定/附在……上 attach importance/significance to ... 認為……有重要性/意義；重視…… be attached to 附屬于；依戀
【語境感知】
①Some models come with attachments for dusting.
一些模型帶有除塵裝置。
②Attach a recent photograph to your application form.
在申請表上附上一張近期的照片。
③The keychain is attached to my bag so I won't lose it.
鑰匙扣附在我的包上，所以我不會把它弄丟的。
④The employee has been working there for over 20 years and is deeply attached to the company.
該員工已經(jīng)在這里工作了20多年，對公司有著深厚的感情。
【學會運用】單句語法填空
①You'd better attach labels to things before you file them away.
②For simplicity, use only one attachment (attach) for our test.
③She is very attached (attach) to her family and friends.
【學會表達】翻譯句子
④我們應該重視兒童的心理健康。
We__should__attach__importance/significance__to__children's__mental__health.
⑤我們學校曾經(jīng)附屬于一所公立學校。
At__one__time__our__school__was__attached__to__a__public__school.
(二)拓展詞
4.fatal adj. 致命的；災難性的→fatally adv. 致命地；不幸地
【語境感知】
The car accident was fatal, and the driver was fatally injured.
這次車禍是致命的，司機受了重傷。
5.regularly adv. 經(jīng)常；定期地→regular adj. 定期的；經(jīng)常的；正常的
【語境感知】
He exercises regularly, which helps him maintain a regular weight.
他經(jīng)常鍛煉，這有助于他保持正常的體重。
6.closing adj. 結(jié)尾的；結(jié)束的　n. 停業(yè)；關閉；倒閉→close v. (使)結(jié)束，終止；關閉
【語境感知】
The store was closed for the day, but in closing, the owner thanked all the customers for their support.
這家店今天關門了，但在關門時，店主感謝了所有顧客的支持。
7.mystery n. 神秘事物；謎→mysterious adj. 神秘的→mysteriously adv. 神秘地
【語境感知】
This mysteriously dressed stranger left a note with a mysterious message written on it, adding to the mystery of his identity.
這位穿著神秘的陌生人留下了一張紙條，上面寫著一條神秘的信息，增加了他身份的神秘感。
【學會運用】單句語法填空
①I'm going to give you ten minutes to deliver the closing (close) argument of your life.
②What happened to the paintings after that is an unsolved mystery (mysterious)．
③Schools regularly (regular) bring children to the beach for natural history lessons.
【學會表達】翻譯句子
④我們定期會面，討論工程進展情況。
We__meet__regularly__to__discuss__the__progress__of__the__project.
⑤那天早晨，空氣中有一種神秘的氣息。
There__was__something__mysterious__in__the__air__that__morning.
⑥忽視心臟病發(fā)作的早期預警信號是致命的。
It__is__fatal__to__ignore__the__early__warning__signs__of__a__heart__attack.
（三）熟詞生義
8.resource [熟義] n. 資源；財力；物力 [生義] n. 勇氣；才智；謀略
【語境感知】
①Only limited resources are available to support the charity's operations.
只有有限的資源可用于支持慈善機構的運作。
②He felt that all his resources could not defend him.
他感到自己的一切謀略都無法保護自己。
【學會理解】同義詞替換
①I found him a man of rare resource, always thoroughly reliable.intelligence__才智
【學會表達】翻譯句子
②學生們充分利用學校提供的資源來準備考試。
The__students__make__the__most__of__the__resource__provided__by__their__school__to__prepare__for__the__exams.
探究二　短語
9.result in 導致；造成(教材P44)
result相關短語： result in 導致；造成(指某原因必然導致的某種結(jié)果，即主語是原因，賓語是結(jié)果) result from 由……而引起的(指某種結(jié)果是由于某種原因而產(chǎn)生的，即主語是結(jié)果，賓語是原因) as a result 結(jié)果(在句中作狀語) as a result of＝because of 因為，由于 without result 毫無結(jié)果，徒勞
【語境感知】
①Neglecting your health can result in serious health problems in the future.
忽視自己的健康可能會導致未來出現(xiàn)嚴重的健康問題。
②The car accident resulted from the driver's negligence and speeding.
這場車禍是由于司機的疏忽和超速造成的。
③As a result, services have been drastically reduced.
結(jié)果，服務被大大減少了。
④As a result of the pilots' strike, all flights had to be cancelled.
由于飛行員罷工，所有的航班都不得不取消。
【學會運用】單句語法填空
①The student's poor grades resulted from a lack of preparation.
②Millions will face starvation next year as a result of the drought.
③As a result, there were very few textbooks for the students to use.
【學會表達】翻譯句子
④這個實驗他做了兩百次，毫無結(jié)果。
He__did__the__experiment__for__200__times__without__result.
⑤成千上萬的動物被困在大火中，導致了死亡或受傷。
Thousands__of__animals__got__trapped__in__the__fire,__resulting__in__death__or__injury.
10.run out 用完；耗盡(教材P45)
run其他相關短語： run across 偶然碰見 run after 追趕；追求 run into 撞上；偶然遇見；遇到(困難等) run through 快速閱讀；迅速傳遍
【語境感知】
①The batteries in my remote control ran out just as I was about to start watching my favorite show.
就在我正要開始看我最喜歡的節(jié)目時，我的遙控器沒電了。
②I ran across a rare book that I had been searching for while I was clearing out a cupboard.
我在打掃櫥柜時偶然發(fā)現(xiàn)了一本我一直在找的珍本書。
③The little boy ran after his kite excitedly.
小男孩興奮地追著風箏跑。
④The driver failed to negotiate a bend and ran into a tree.
該司機沒能順利轉(zhuǎn)過一個彎，撞上了一棵樹。
⑤A thrill of alarm ran through him.
一陣驚恐的感覺傳遍他的全身。
　run out “……用完”，為不及物動詞短語，不用于被動語態(tài)，其主語通常是物(時間、食物、金錢等)。 run out of “用完……”，為及物動詞短語，可用于被動語態(tài)。
【學會運用】單句語法填空
①The dog ran after the cat, chasing it through the yard.
②Yesterday I ran across/into a classmate of mine, who returned from England.
③He ran through the names on the list on the table.
【學會表達】翻譯句子
④很快，錢被用完了，他們必須找到一份工作來謀生。
Soon,__the__money__began__to__run__out__and__they__must__find__a__job__to__earn__a__living.
⑤在去海灘的路上，我的汽車因為汽油耗盡而拋錨了。
My__car__broke__down__on__the__way__to__the__beach__because__it__had__run__out__of__petrol.
Ⅰ.匹配詞義
a.匹配下列單詞的詞義 b.匹配下列短語的詞義
(E)1.pattern (C)2.argument (D)3.high－end (A)4.oxygen (B)5.globe A．n. 氧；氧氣 B．n. 地球；世界；地球儀 C．n. 爭論；爭吵；論點 D．a(chǎn)dj. 高端的 E．n. 模式；圖案；模范 (C)6.provide for sb (A)7.in closing (E)8.as a result (B)9.run out (D)10.argue with　 A．最后 B．用完；耗盡 C．提供生活所需 D．與……爭論；與……爭辯 E．所以；結(jié)果(是)
Ⅱ.默寫單詞
1．monitor n. 監(jiān)視器；監(jiān)測儀　vt. 監(jiān)視；監(jiān)測；監(jiān)控
2．shallow adj. 膚淺的；淺的
3．a(chǎn)rgue vt.& vi. 論證；爭辯；爭論
4．a(chǎn)nalysis n. (對事物的)分析；分析結(jié)果
5．regular adj. 定期的；經(jīng)常的；正常的
6．limited adj. 有限的
7．a(chǎn)ttach vt. 系；綁；貼
8．mystery n. 神秘事物；謎
9．resource n. 資源；財力；物力
10．fatal adj. 致命的；災難性的
Ⅲ.單句語法填空
1．Remember to take the medicine regularly (regular) three times a day.
2．They may only have a limited (limit) amount of time to get their points across.
3．While we all have this need for attachment (attach), the way we show it differs.
4．He was fatally (fatal) wounded as he tried to escape.
5．Mary described how she got into an argument (argue) with one of them.
6．It was a great achievement that a month later a global (globe) agreement was reached.
7．He entered the army in the closing (close) stages of the war.
8．The old castle has a mysterious (mystery) air about it, as if something strange has happened there.
Ⅳ.選詞填空
shallow, high end, argue, attach, monitor, pattern, pillow, analysis
1．He unifies own employment history to discuss own several views shallowly．
2．Meetings are held periodically to__monitor progress on the case.
3．My bed is with three high pillows and the thick, warm cover.
4．He conducted several analyses of the data before drawing a conclusion.
5．He prefers to buy high end electronics products for the best performance.
6．We can't go on like this—we seem to be always arguing．
7．Patterns of language learning and language use are complex.
8．You can use this cable to__attach the printer to the computer.
Ⅴ.完成表達
1．At first, I didn't feel we belonged here, but now I am__attached__to__the__land (依戀這片土地) I live on.
2．The benefit which the big river brings to the villagers isn't__limited__to__agriculture (不僅限于農(nóng)業(yè)).
3．Their food has__almost__run__out (幾乎已經(jīng)吃光了) and they are running__out__of__their__patience (正在耗盡他們的耐心)．
Ⅵ.完整表達
1．他犯了個大錯，結(jié)果丟了工作。
He__made__one__big__mistake,__and,__as__a__result,__he__lost__his__job.
2．如果我們現(xiàn)在不解決這個問題，將來它會導致更多的新問題。
If__we__don't__solve__this__problem__now,__it__will__result__in__more__new__problems__in__the__future.
3．他的生活條件很差，因為他必須養(yǎng)活家里的五口人。
His__living__conditions__are__very__bad__because__he__has__to__provide__for__five__people__in__his__family.
課后課時作業(yè)
較易題(占比30%)　中檔題(占比40%)　拔高題(占比30%)
題號 Ⅰ Ⅱ
A B
難度 ★★ ★★★ ★
Ⅰ　閱讀
A
(2024·甘肅省蘭州第一中學高一下期末)A home science experiment took__the__world__by__storm. Two teens from Toronto, Canada, sent a Lego man rising above the Earth and captured their tiny astronaut's trip on film.
Mathew Ho and Asad Muhammad, both 17, used a weather balloon to launch their plastic lego model 16 miles above the Earth. This is inside a part of Earth's atmosphere.
The two teens were inspired by a similar project performed by students at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). The MIT students had launched a weather balloon with a camera into near space and taken many unusual images of the Earth. Mathew and Asad then spent four months figuring out how to launch their own spacecraft into the space. Traveling to space is expensive for NASA, but Mathew and Asad worked hard to keep their costs down. They bought much of their equipment used. In total, the project cost only $400.
“We had a lot of anxiety on launch day because there were high winds when we were going up，” Mathew told reporters. They had to pump extra helium (氦) into the balloon so that it would rise quickly and avoid being blown too far off course by the strong winds. The toy astronaut's journey lasted 97 minutes before the balloon broke and he fell back to Earth. Mathew and Asad then spent two weekends looking for their spacecraft. It had landed 76 miles away from the launch site.
The student scientists are currently finishing up their final year of high school and applying for colleges. They are also looking into more do it yourself space projects. “I guess the sky is not really the limit anymore，” Mathew told reporters. “We never knew we'd get this far. It's been a lesson for us that hard work pays off.”
篇章導讀：本文是一篇新聞報道。文章主要講述了兩名加拿大多倫多的青少年進行的一項自制科學實驗，他們利用氣象氣球?qū)犯咝∪怂腿虢詹⑴臄z了整個過程，實驗的成功引起了廣泛的關注。
1．By saying “took the world by storm” in the first paragraph, the writer meant the experiment ________．
A．harmed the world B．flooded the world
C．a(chǎn)ttracted the world D．managed the world
答案：C
解析：詞義猜測題。根據(jù)第一段中的“Two teens from Toronto ... their tiny astronaut's trip on film.”可知，來自加拿大多倫多的兩名青少年把一個樂高人送上了地球，并把他們的小宇航員之旅拍了下來。由此可推知，實驗引起了全世界的極大關注和興趣，就像一陣風暴席卷全球一樣，took the world by storm意為“吸引了世界”。故選C。
2．Which of the following about the students at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) is mentioned in this passage
A．They were examples for Mathew Ho and Asad Muhammad.
B．They helped Mathew Ho and Asad Muhammad to achieve dream.
C．They launched a weather balloon together with Mathew Ho and Asad Muhammad.
D．They studied with Mathew Ho and Asad Muhammad in the same school.
答案：A
解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中的“The two teens were inspired ... Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)．”可推知，麻省理工學院的學生項目給了二人靈感，是他們的范例。故選A。
3．How did Mathew and Asad keep their costs down
A．By making the weather balloon themselves.
B．By borrowing spacecraft from the MIT students.
C．By making their spacecraft by hand.
D．By using second hand equipment.
答案：D
解析：細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的“Traveling to space is ... the project cost only $400. (到太空旅行對美國宇航局來說是昂貴的，但Mathew (馬修)和Asad (阿薩德)努力降低成本。他們的大部分設備都是二手的。這個項目總共只花了400美元。)”可知，他們通過購買二手設備來降低成本。故選D。
4．What problems did Mathew and Asad have on launch day
A．They ran out of helium.
B．The wind was too strong.
C．The balloon suddenly broke.
D．Their spacecraft was blown away.
答案：B
解析：細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中的“We had a lot of anxiety ... Mathew told reporters.”可知，他們在發(fā)射當天遇到的問題是風太大。故選B。
B
(2024·四川省成都市10縣市高一下期末)The moon has no air, no water and an extreme 250℃， but the biggest challenge for scientists to set up camp is the loose dust. It damages space suits, affects scientific equipment and makes moving around difficult.
Now scientists have come up with a possible solution, showing that moon dust could be melted to create solid roads and landing areas by using a giant lens (透鏡). “You might think: Streets on the moon, who needs that？” said Prof. Jens Gunster, “But in fact it's a kind of demand.”
Dust has destroyed previous missions, such as the Lunar Surveyor 3 spacecraft, and overcoming this challenge is urgent for NASA, which aims to establish an everlasting lunar base.
Taking building materials to the moon would be too expensive, so new solutions are needed. “You need to use what's there and that's simply loose dust，” said Gunster.
He, and his research team, experimented with a special material called EAC－1A, a substitute for the loose dust. They used a laser beam (激光) to heat the dust to about 1，600℃ to melt it. They then made it into triangle shapes, each about 25 cm across, to create solid roads and landing areas.
The process is slow and it would take about 100 days to create a landing spot measuring 10 meters by 10 meters. Gunster said, “A lens of about 2.37m2 would be needed. But dust would still be a problem for the lens. The lens will not work sooner or later because of the accumulated dust, so a shaking lens may help deal with this problem.”
篇章導讀：本文是一篇說明文。針對月球上建立基地所面臨的主要挑戰(zhàn)——松散的月球灰塵，本文主要介紹了一種可能的解決方案：利用巨大的透鏡融化月球塵埃來創(chuàng)建堅實的道路和著陸區(qū)。
5．What is the key problem in setting up camp on the moon according to the author
A．The loose dust.
B．The high temperature.
C．The expensive material.
D．The lack of water and air.
答案：A
解析：細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的“The moon has no air ... to set up camp is the loose dust.”可知，科學家們在月球上建立營地的最大挑戰(zhàn)是松散的灰塵。故選A。
6．Which statement may the author agree with according to the text
A．Dust makes moving around the moon easy.
B．There is no need to build a road on the moon.
C．The process of construction on Earth is as slow as that on the moon.
D．Setting up an everlasting lunar base is an important task for NASA currently.
答案：D
解析：細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“Dust has destroyed previous missions ... which aims to establish an everlasting lunar base.”可知，建立一個永久的月球基地對美國宇航局來說是一項重要的任務。故選D。
7．What does the underlined word “substitute” in Paragraph 5 mean
A．Process. B．Base.
C．Replacement. D．Problem.
答案：C
解析：詞義猜測題。根據(jù)畫線詞后文“They used a laser beam (激光) ... to create solid roads and landing areas.(為了熔化灰塵，他們使用激光束將灰塵加熱到約1，600℃。然后把它做成三角形，每個約25厘米寬，形成堅實的道路和著陸區(qū)域。)”可知，此處的灰塵指代前文所使用的特殊材料EAC－1A，即研究者使用特殊材料EAC－1A替代了月球上的塵土。畫線詞意為“代替”。故選C。
8．What can be a suitable title for the text
A．Solid Roads Can Be Built on the Moon
B．Building Material Will Be Taken to the Moon
C．Lens Can Be Used to Solve the Dust Problem on the Moon
D．A Permanent Lunar Base Will Be Built on the Moon
答案：C
解析：標題判斷題。通讀全文可知，本文主要介紹了月球上建立基地所面臨的主要挑戰(zhàn)——松散的月球灰塵，并介紹了一種可能的解決方案：利用巨大的透鏡融化月球塵埃來創(chuàng)建堅實的道路和著陸區(qū)。C項(透鏡可以用來解決月球上的灰塵問題)概括本文主要內(nèi)容，可作為本文最佳標題。故選C。
Ⅱ　應用文寫作
(2024·重慶市七校聯(lián)盟高一下期末)假設你是李華，你所在的班級舉行了一次班會，班會的主題是：太空探險的意義。請結(jié)合下表內(nèi)容，用英語給校報寫一篇文章，客觀地介紹班會上同學們討論的情況并表達你自己的觀點。
贊同的理由 1.獲得新知識； 2.從太空取得新資源； 3.擴大人類未來的生存空間。
反對的理由 1.耗資巨大； 2.宇航員的安全問題。
你自己的觀點 ……
　　注意：1.寫作詞數(shù)應為80個左右；
2．標題和開頭已給出，不計入總詞數(shù)；
3．可以適當增加細節(jié)，以使行文連貫。
Outer Space Exploration, YES or NO
We had an argument over whether it is necessary to carry out outer space exploration at a class meeting the other day.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
[精彩范文]
Outer Space Exploration, YES or NO
We had an argument over whether it is necessary to carry out outer space exploration at a class meeting the other day. Different students have different attitudes towards it.
Some of us think it important to research the outer space because, first of all, people can get a better understanding of the outer space. Second, new resources can be found there for human beings. Third, this exploration can possibly bring about new living space for human life in the near future.
However, others are strongly against it. They believe that it takes so much money to do this kind of exploration, which is not worth the value. Besides, it is very dangerous for astronauts to do such work in the outer space.
In my opinion, people should be pioneering, and therefore the outer space exploration is worth trying out.
　單元寫作
單元寫作——觀點對比類議論文
觀點對比類議論文屬于說服性議論文，是對某個議論對象提出見解或主張并說明理由，并使之信服的文章。作者通過擺事實、講道理、辨是非來確定其觀點的正誤，肯定或否定某種主張，從而達到讓讀者信服的目的。其寫法與一般議論文的寫法相同，應注意以下三點：
1．在開頭提出議題，也就是提出論點。議題要開門見山，并且開頭句往往是主題句。
2．議論時要有充分的論據(jù)，可以運用列舉事實、展示數(shù)據(jù)、提供事例、借助常識或利用親身經(jīng)歷的方法。正文部分是寫作的重點，論證方法可以用歸納法、推理法、比較法等。
3．在結(jié)論部分發(fā)表自己的觀點。觀點必須鮮明，不能模棱兩可。
議論文寫作四步法：
第一步：介紹話題，提出論點。給出一些歷史背景或個人資料。
第二步：從正方辯論。給出實例，證明論點。
第三步：從反方辯論。給出實例，證明論點。
第四步：發(fā)表自己的觀點。
Recently, students in our class have had a discussion on ______________ (討論的話題)． On the one hand, some students think ____________________ (反對的觀點). They think ________________ (反對的論據(jù)一). ________________ (反對的論據(jù)二)． On the other hand, most of them think ____________________ (贊成的觀點). They think ________________ (贊成的論據(jù)一). ________________ (贊成的論據(jù)二)． As for me, ____________ (自己的觀點)．
※開頭常用句式
1．We had a discussion about whether it is necessary to ...
我們對是否有必要……進行了討論。
2．We've had a survey on ...
我們做了一個關于……的調(diào)查。
3．We have held a discussion about whether it is good or not to ...
我們已經(jīng)就……的利與弊進行了討論。
※主體段落常用句式
1．Opinions are mainly divided into two groups.
意見主要分為兩類。
2．Different people, however, have different opinions/think quite differently on this matter.
然而，不同的人對這件事有不同的看法。
3．60% of the students are for the idea.
60%的學生贊成這個想法。
4．45% of the students hold the view that ... For one thing, ... For another thing, ...
45%的學生認為……一方面，……另一方面，……
5．A case in point is ...
一個典型的例子是……
6．However, the others are strongly against this opinion. To begin with ... What's more ... In addition ... Finally ...
然而，其他人卻強烈反對這一觀點。首先……而且……此外……最后……
※結(jié)尾常用句式
1．As for me ... /For my part ... /As far as I'm concerned ... /From my point of view ...
對我來說……/就我而言……/在我看來……/從我的觀點來看……
2．In conclusion, I am for the former opinion that ...
綜上所述，我支持前者觀點，即……
3．Everything has its advantages and disadvantages.
每件事都有優(yōu)點和缺點。
最近，你班同學就“探索太空是否值得”這一話題展開了一場討論。請你根據(jù)下面提供的信息，用英語寫一篇短文介紹討論的情況，并談談自己的看法。
30%的同學認為太空不值得探索。
理由：
1．離我們及我們的日常生活太遙遠；
2．浪費金錢。
70%的同學認為太空值得探索。
理由：
1．已使用衛(wèi)星進行通訊傳播、天氣預報；
2．有望解決人口問題。
注意：1.寫作詞數(shù)應為80個左右；
2．可以適當增加細節(jié)，以使行文連貫。
Recently our class had a heated discussion on whether space is worth exploring. 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
[精彩范文]
Recently our class had a heated discussion on whether space is worth exploring. Students hold different ideas about it.
30% of us think space exploration is not worthwhile, holding the belief that space exploration is too far away from us and our daily life and is a waste of money.
However, 70% think space is worth exploring because we have benefited a lot from it, such as using satellites for communication and weather forecast. What's more, with further space research, we may solve the population problem by moving to other planets one day.
As far as I am concerned, it is worthwhile to explore the space. Not only can it promote the development of society but also enrich our life.
22(共87張PPT)
WELCOME UNIT
UNIT 4　SPACE EXPLORATION
單元主題：人與自然——太空探索
Section Ⅳ　Reading for Writing & Assessing Your Progress
預學檢測 單詞打卡
自主學習 課文語篇
目錄
CONTENTS
1
2
合作探究 課時重點
3
對點練習 鞏固所學
4
課后課時作業(yè)
5
預學檢測 單詞打卡
一、閱讀單詞及詞塊：寫出漢語含義
1．globe n. _______________________
2．a(chǎn)rgument n. ___________________
3．pattern n. ___________________
4．high end adj. _________
5．foam n. ________________
6．pillow n. _______
7．smartphone n. ________________
8．in closing ________________
9．oxygen n．________________
地球；世界；地球儀
爭論；爭吵；論點
模式；圖案；模范
高端的
泡沫橡膠；泡沫
枕頭
智能手機
最后
氧；氧氣
二、核心單詞：寫出英文單詞
1．________ vt.& vi. 論證；爭辯；爭論
2．________ adj. 膚淺的；淺的
3．________ n. (對事物的)分析；分析結(jié)果
4．________ n. 監(jiān)視器；監(jiān)測儀　vt. 監(jiān)視；監(jiān)測；監(jiān)控
5．________ adj. 有限的
6．________ vt. 系；綁；貼
argue
shallow
analysis
monitor
limited
attach
三、拓展單詞：寫出英文單詞，并嘗試寫出其詞性轉(zhuǎn)換(可查字典)
1．________ adj. 致命的；災難性的→________ adv. 致命地；不幸地
2．________ adv. 經(jīng)常；定期地→________ adj. 定期的；經(jīng)常的；正常的
3．________ adj. 結(jié)尾的；結(jié)束的　n. 停業(yè)；關閉；倒閉→________ v. (使)結(jié)束，終止；關閉
4．________ n. 神秘事物；謎→ ___________ adj. 神秘的→___________ adv. 神秘地
fatal
fatally
regularly
regular
closing
close
mystery
mysterious
mysteriously
四、熟詞生義：寫出熟義
resource 熟義：n. ___________________
生義：n. 勇氣；才智；謀略
五、核心短語：寫出英語表達
1．__________ 導致；造成
2．__________ 所以；結(jié)果(是)
3．______________ 提供生活所需
4．________ 用完；耗盡
資源；財力；物力
result in
as a result
provide for sb
run out
自主學習　課文語篇
Countries around the globe are spending billions of dollars and lots of time on various space missions, whether to Mars or1 other planets much further away. Some people argue that2 we should stop wasting time and money exploring space. Instead, we should feed the world's poor and find immediate solutions to other problems, such as pollution and fatal diseases. However, others feel this is a shallow view which3 fails to realise how4 exploring space5 helps us
課文三維剖析
IS EXPLORING SPACE A WASTE OF TIME AND MONEY
探索太空是浪費時間和金錢嗎？
1意為“__________________”
2引導________從句
3引導_____從句，修飾_____
4引導________從句
5動名詞短語作________
無論……還是……
賓語
定語
view
賓語
主語
世界各國正在投入數(shù)十億美元的資金和大量時間執(zhí)行各種太空任務，無論是去火星還是更遠的星球。一部分人認為，我們應該停止浪費時間和金錢去探索太空。相反，我們應該解決世界上窮人的溫飽問題，并盡快找到污染、致命性疾病等其他問題的解決方案。然而，另一部分人覺得這是一種膚淺的觀點，沒有認識到探索太空給我們帶來的好處。
筆記空間﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍
6動名詞短語作________
7引導______從句，修飾
________________
8不定式短語作__________
9不定式短語作__________
Firstly, exploring space6 has already made a difference in the fight against world hunger. It has directly resulted in the many satellites that7 now orbit Earth. A number of the satellites record data on land and weather patterns. Then the data is transmitted to scientists on Earth. After careful analysis, the scientists can provide useful recommendations and advice for farmers. As a result, space based science has helped farming in its efforts to grow enough food8 to feed Earth's increasing population9.
主語
定語
many satellites
后置定語
目的狀語
首先，太空探索已經(jīng)在對抗世界饑餓的斗爭中發(fā)揮了重要作用。如今環(huán)繞地球運行的眾多衛(wèi)星都直接歸功于太空探索。許多衛(wèi)星記錄著陸地與天氣模式數(shù)據(jù)，然后把這些數(shù)據(jù)傳輸給地球上的科學家。經(jīng)過仔細的分析，科學家們可以為農(nóng)民提供有用的建議和意見。因此，基于太空的科學有助于提高農(nóng)業(yè)產(chǎn)量，從而為地球上不斷增長的人口提供充足的食物。
筆記空間﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍
10引導______從句，修飾______________
11介詞短語作_________
12引導_______從句，修飾___________________
13不定式短語作
__________
14引導______從句，修飾__________
Secondly, space exploration has already promoted technological improvements that10 benefit us all. High end products around the world are made to a higher standard now because of11 advanced technology which12 was first created to meet the requirements13 for space exploration. For example, space technologies have helped the research and development of different types of new material. They have also helped companies make better heart monitors and other machines that14 doctors regularly use. Today, space technologies are widely used in all kinds of industries, and everyday products, such as memory foam pillows and smartphone cameras, are changing our lives.
定語
improvements
原因狀語
定語
advanced technology
目的狀語
定語
machines
其次，太空探索推動了科技進步，使全人類受益。由于采用了先進的技術，如今全球高端產(chǎn)品的生產(chǎn)標準提高了，而這些技術最初是為了滿足太空探索的要求而研制出來的。例如，太空技術促進了各種新型材料的研發(fā)，還幫助一些公司制造出更好的心臟監(jiān)測儀以及醫(yī)生經(jīng)常使用的其他設備。如今，太空技術廣泛應用于各行各業(yè)，一些日用產(chǎn)品，如記憶海綿枕頭、智能手機攝像頭等，正在改變我們的生活。
筆記空間﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍
15動名詞短語作______
16連接兩個動詞不定式短語____________________________和__________，作____________
17不定式短語作___________
18動名詞短語作_______
Finally, sending astronauts into space15 has helped people to think about the world's problems and16 even to find ways to solve them17. Seeing pictures of our planet18 as an island in a black sea made people realise that19 our planet's resources are limited. In order to provide for such a rapidly increasing population20, scientists are trying to find other planets that21 could one day be our new home. The greatest attention at present is on Mars because22 it is closer to Earth. In the future, humans may live on both planets.
主語
to think about the world's problems
to find ways
賓語補足語
后置定語
主語
19引導______從句
20不定式短語作__________
21引導_______從句，修飾____________
22引導___________從句
最后，將航天員送入太空促使人們思考全球問題，甚至去尋找解決辦法。看著我們星球的照片，猶如黑色汪洋大海中的一個小島，人們意識到地球的資源是有限的。為了滿足快速增長的人口需求，科學家們正在努力尋找有朝一日能夠成為我們新家園的其他星球。目前最受關注的是火星，因為它離地球較近。未來，人類很可能居住在這兩個星球上。
賓語
目的狀語
定語
other planets
原因狀語
23動名詞短語作
_______
24不定式短語作
_________
In closing, exploring space23 provides the world with many different benefits. Therefore, it should continue so as to provide new and better solutions24 to people's short term and long term problems.
總而言之，太空探索給世界帶來了種種好處。因此，這項事業(yè)應該繼續(xù)下去，以便為人類(面臨的)長期問題和短期問題提供更好的更新的解決方案。
主語
目的狀語
(一)根據(jù)課文信息完成表格
閱讀領悟
helps
reasons
benefits
hunger
improvements
world's
ways
conclusion
(二)填入適當?shù)你暯釉~或內(nèi)容，完成段意
Para.1：_____________________________ stop wasting time and money exploring space. Instead, we should feed the world's poor and find immediate solutions to other problems, such as pollution and fatal diseases. ____________________ this is a shallow view which fails to realise how exploring space helps us.
Para.2：________， exploring space has already made a difference in the fight against world hunger.
Some people argue that we should
However, others feel
Firstly
Para.3：__________， space exploration has already promoted technological improvements that benefit us all.
Para.4：________， sending astronauts into space has helped people to think about the world's problems and even to find ways to solve them.
Para.5：____________， exploring space provides the world with many different benefits.
Secondly
Finally
In closing
(三)相關話題語塊
1．________________ 世界各地
2．________________ 膚淺的觀點
3．_____________________________ 立即找到……的解決方案
4．__________ 導致；造成
5．__________________________ 與世界饑餓的對抗
around the globe
a shallow view
find immediate solutions to ...
result in
the fight against world hunger
6．provide useful recommendations and advice _________________________
7．the resources on Earth will run out ______________________
8．promote technological improvements __________________
9．provide the world with many different benefits __________________________
10．provide new and better solutions to _______________________________
提供有用的建議和意見
地球上的資源將會耗盡
推動科技進步
為世界提供了各方面的好處
為……提供新的更好的解決方案
合作探究 課時重點
探究一　熱詞
（一）高頻詞
argument n. 爭論；爭吵；論點
argue with 與……爭論；與……爭辯
argue with sb about/over sth 與某人爭論某事
argue for/against (doing) sth 據(jù)理力爭/反對(做)某事
argue sb into/out of doing sth 說服某人做/不做某事
argue that ... 認為/主張……
have an argument with sb 與某人爭吵
settle an argument 解決爭端
1.argue vt.& vi. 論證；爭辯；爭論；說服；主張(教材P44)
【語境感知】
①My parents always argue with each other about money management, but they eventually find a compromise.
我父母總是就資金管理問題爭論不休，但他們最終找到了一個折中的辦法。
②Health experts argue against smoking, saying its harmful effects on the body.
健康專家反對吸煙，稱吸煙對身體有害。
③The salesperson skillfully argued me into buying the latest smartphone model.
售貨員巧妙地說服我買了最新款的智能手機。
④(2024·北京高考)The 18th century philosopher Kant argued that the universe ultimately consists of things in themselves that are unknowable.
18世紀的哲學家康德認為，宇宙最終由不可知的事物本身組成。
⑤We had an argument with the waiter about the bill.
我們和服務員就賬單發(fā)生了爭吵。
【學會運用】單句語法填空
①We tried to argue him ________ joining us in helping the homeless.
②She argued ________ taxes must be increased to pay for public services.
③My friend argued _______ my decision to quit my job, saying I should stick it out.
【學會表達】翻譯句子
④他說服我買了一件新的夾克衫。
____________________________________________________________________
⑤我今天有點生氣，因為我和老板爭吵了。
____________________________________________________________________
into
that
against
He argued me into buying a new jacket.
I feel a bit angry today because I had an argument with my boss.
limit v. 限制；限定　n. 限制；限度；(區(qū)域的)界限；(可能行動或結(jié)果的)范圍
limitless adj. 無限制的，無界限的
be limited to 受限于……
limit ... to ... 把……限制在……范圍內(nèi)
set a limit to 限定范圍在……
there is a/no limit to ... ……是有/無限度的
within limits 適當?shù)兀谝欢ǚ秶鷥?nèi)
2.limited adj. 有限的(教材P44)
【語境感知】
①Many people in China have limited exposure to English.
許多中國人接觸英語的機會有限。
②My knowledge of the subject is limited to what I've read in books.
我對這門學科的知識僅限于我在書中讀到的。
③There is a limit to the amount of pain we can bear.
我們能承受的痛苦是有限的。
④In the circumstances we'll tell you what we can, within limits, of course, and in confidence.
在這種情況下，我們會告訴你我們能做的，當然是在一定范圍內(nèi)，而且是保密的。
【學會運用】單句語法填空
①She has limited herself ________ 1，000 calories a day to keep fit.
②Her tone implied that her patience was ________ (limit).
③There is ________ limit to one's life, but ________ limit to serving the people.
【學會表達】翻譯句子
④你不得不限制這趟旅行的費用。
____________________________________________________________________
⑤教授歷史不應該局限于講年代和人物。
____________________________________________________________________
to
limited
a
no
You have to set a limit to the expense of the trip.
The teaching of history should not be limited to dates and figures.
attached adj. 熱愛……的；附屬的
attachment n. 附屬；依戀；附件
attach ... to ... 把……固定/附在……上
attach importance/significance to ... 認為……有重要性/意義；重視……
be attached to 附屬于；依戀
3.attach vt. 系；綁；貼(教材P46)
【語境感知】
①Some models come with attachments for dusting.
一些模型帶有除塵裝置。
②Attach a recent photograph to your application form.
在申請表上附上一張近期的照片。
③The keychain is attached to my bag so I won't lose it.
鑰匙扣附在我的包上，所以我不會把它弄丟的。
④The employee has been working there for over 20 years and is deeply attached to the company.
該員工已經(jīng)在這里工作了20多年，對公司有著深厚的感情。
【學會運用】單句語法填空
①You'd better attach labels ________ things before you file them away.
②For simplicity, use only one _____________ (attach) for our test.
③She is very ________ (attach) to her family and friends.
【學會表達】翻譯句子
④我們應該重視兒童的心理健康。
____________________________________________________________________
⑤我們學校曾經(jīng)附屬于一所公立學校。
____________________________________________________________________
to
attachment
attached
We should attach importance/significance to children's mental health.
At one time our school was attached to a public school.
4.fatal adj. 致命的；災難性的→_________ adv. 致命地；不幸地
【語境感知】
The car accident was fatal, and the driver was fatally injured.
這次車禍是致命的，司機受了重傷。
fatally
（二）拓展詞
5.regularly adv. 經(jīng)常；定期地→_________ adj. 定期的；經(jīng)常的；正常的
【語境感知】
He exercises regularly, which helps him maintain a regular weight.
他經(jīng)常鍛煉，這有助于他保持正常的體重。
regular
6.closing adj. 結(jié)尾的；結(jié)束的　n. 停業(yè)；關閉；倒閉→________ v. (使)結(jié)束，終止；關閉
【語境感知】
The store was closed for the day, but in closing, the owner thanked all the customers for their support.
這家店今天關門了，但在關門時，店主感謝了所有顧客的支持。
close
7.mystery n. 神秘事物；謎→_____________ adj. 神秘的→ ____________ adv. 神秘地
【語境感知】
This mysteriously dressed stranger left a note with a mysterious message written on it, adding to the mystery of his identity.
這位穿著神秘的陌生人留下了一張紙條，上面寫著一條神秘的信息，增加了他身份的神秘感。
mysterious
mysteriously
【學會運用】單句語法填空
①I'm going to give you ten minutes to deliver the ________ (close) argument of your life.
②What happened to the paintings after that is an unsolved ________ (mysterious)．
③Schools ________ (regular) bring children to the beach for natural history lessons.
closing
mystery
regularly
【學會表達】翻譯句子
④我們定期會面，討論工程進展情況。
____________________________________________________________________
⑤那天早晨，空氣中有一種神秘的氣息。
____________________________________________________________________
⑥忽視心臟病發(fā)作的早期預警信號是致命的。
____________________________________________________________________
We meet regularly to discuss the progress of the project.
There was something mysterious in the air that morning.
It is fatal to ignore the early warning signs of a heart attack.
8.resource [熟義] n. 資源；財力；物力
[生義] n. _________________
【語境感知】
①Only limited resources are available to support the charity's operations.
只有有限的資源可用于支持慈善機構的運作。
②He felt that all his resources could not defend him.
他感到自己的一切謀略都無法保護自己。
（三）熟詞生義
勇氣；才智；謀略
【學會理解】同義詞替換
①I found him a man of rare resource, always thoroughly reliable.______________
【學會表達】翻譯句子
②學生們充分利用學校提供的資源來準備考試。
____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________
intelligence 才智
The students make the most of the resource provided by their school to prepare for the exams.
探究二　短語
result相關短語：
result in 導致；造成(指某原因必然導致的某種結(jié)果，即主語是原因，賓語是結(jié)果)
result from 由……而引起的(指某種結(jié)果是由于某種原因而產(chǎn)生的，即主語是結(jié)果，賓語是原因)
as a result 結(jié)果(在句中作狀語)
as a result of＝because of 因為，由于
without result 毫無結(jié)果，徒勞
9.result in 導致；造成(教材P44)
【語境感知】
①Neglecting your health can result in serious health problems in the future.
忽視自己的健康可能會導致未來出現(xiàn)嚴重的健康問題。
②The car accident resulted from the driver's negligence and speeding.
這場車禍是由于司機的疏忽和超速造成的。
③As a result, services have been drastically reduced.
結(jié)果，服務被大大減少了。
④As a result of the pilots' strike, all flights had to be cancelled.
由于飛行員罷工，所有的航班都不得不取消。
【學會運用】單句語法填空
①The student's poor grades resulted ________ a lack of preparation.
②Millions will face starvation next year as a result ________ the drought.
③________ a result, there were very few textbooks for the students to use.
【學會表達】翻譯句子
④這個實驗他做了兩百次，毫無結(jié)果。
____________________________________________________________________
⑤成千上萬的動物被困在大火中，導致了死亡或受傷。
____________________________________________________________________
from
of　
As
He did the experiment for 200 times without result.　
Thousands of animals got trapped in the fire, resulting in death or injury.
run其他相關短語：
run across 偶然碰見
run after 追趕；追求
run into 撞上；偶然遇見；遇到(困難等)
run through 快速閱讀；迅速傳遍
10.run out 用完；耗盡(教材P45)
【語境感知】
①The batteries in my remote control ran out just as I was about to start watching my favorite show.
就在我正要開始看我最喜歡的節(jié)目時，我的遙控器沒電了。
②I ran across a rare book that I had been searching for while I was clearing out a cupboard.
我在打掃櫥柜時偶然發(fā)現(xiàn)了一本我一直在找的珍本書。
③The little boy ran after his kite excitedly.
小男孩興奮地追著風箏跑。
④The driver failed to negotiate a bend and ran into a tree.
該司機沒能順利轉(zhuǎn)過一個彎，撞上了一棵樹。
⑤A thrill of alarm ran through him.
一陣驚恐的感覺傳遍他的全身。
run out “……用完”，為不及物動詞短語，不用于被動語態(tài)，其主語通常是物(時間、食物、金錢等)。
run out of “用完……”，為及物動詞短語，可用于被動語態(tài)。
【學會運用】單句語法填空
①The dog ran ________ the cat, chasing it through the yard.
②Yesterday I ran ___________ a classmate of mine, who returned from England.
③He ran __________ the names on the list on the table.
【學會表達】翻譯句子
④很快，錢被用完了，他們必須找到一份工作來謀生。
____________________________________________________________________
⑤在去海灘的路上，我的汽車因為汽油耗盡而拋錨了。
____________________________________________________________________
after
across/into
through
Soon, the money began to run out and they must find a job to earn a living.
My car broke down on the way to the beach because it had run out of petrol.
對點練習 鞏固所學
a.匹配下列單詞的詞義 b.匹配下列短語的詞義 (____)1.pattern (____)2.argument (____)3.high－end (____)4.oxygen (____)5.globe A．n. 氧；氧氣 B．n. 地球；世界；地球儀 C．n. 爭論；爭吵；論點 D．a(chǎn)dj. 高端的 E．n. 模式；圖案；模范 (____)6.provide for sb (____)7.in closing (____)8.as a result (____)9.run out (____)10.argue with　 A．最后
B．用完；耗盡
C．提供生活所需
D．與……爭論；與……爭辯
E．所以；結(jié)果
(是)
Ⅰ.匹配詞義
E
C
D
A
B
C
A
E
B
D
Ⅱ.默寫單詞
1．________ n. 監(jiān)視器；監(jiān)測儀　vt. 監(jiān)視；監(jiān)測；監(jiān)控
2．________ adj. 膚淺的；淺的
3．________ vt.& vi. 論證；爭辯；爭論
4．________ n. (對事物的)分析；分析結(jié)果
5．________ adj. 定期的；經(jīng)常的；正常的
monitor
shallow
argue
analysis
regular
6．________ adj. 有限的
7．________ vt. 系；綁；貼
8．________ n. 神秘事物；謎
9．________ n. 資源；財力；物力
10．________ adj. 致命的；災難性的
limited
attach
mystery
resource
fatal
Ⅲ.單句語法填空
1．Remember to take the medicine ___________ (regular) three times a day.
2．They may only have a ________ (limit) amount of time to get their points across.
3．While we all have this need for __________ (attach), the way we show it differs.
4．He was ________ (fatal) wounded as he tried to escape.
regularly
limited
attachment
fatally
5．Mary described how she got into an __________ (argue) with one of them.
6．It was a great achievement that a month later a ________ (globe) agreement was reached.
7．He entered the army in the ________ (close) stages of the war.
8．The old castle has a ____________ (mystery) air about it, as if something strange has happened there.
argument
global
closing
mysterious
Ⅳ.選詞填空
1．He unifies own employment history to discuss own several views __________．
2．Meetings are held periodically ___________ progress on the case.
3．My bed is with three high ________ and the thick, warm cover.
4．He conducted several ________ of the data before drawing a conclusion.
5．He prefers to buy __________ electronics products for the best performance.
6．We can't go on like this—we seem to be always ________．
7．________of language learning and language use are complex.
8．You can use this cable ________ the printer to the computer.
shallowly
shallow, high end, argue, attach, monitor, pattern, pillow, analysis
to monitor
pillows
analyses
high end
arguing
Patterns
to attach
Ⅴ.完成表達
1．At first, I didn't feel we belonged here, but now I ______________________ (依戀這片土地) I live on.
2．The benefit which the big river brings to the villagers _____________________ (不僅限于農(nóng)業(yè)).
3．Their food ________________ (幾乎已經(jīng)吃光了) and they are ________________________ (正在耗盡他們的耐心)．
am attached to the land
isn't limited to agriculture
has almost run out
running out of their patience
Ⅵ.完整表達
1．他犯了個大錯，結(jié)果丟了工作。
____________________________________________________________________
2．如果我們現(xiàn)在不解決這個問題，將來它會導致更多的新問題。
____________________________________________________________________
3．他的生活條件很差，因為他必須養(yǎng)活家里的五口人。
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
He made one big mistake, and, as a result, he lost his job.
If we don't solve this problem now, it will result in more new problems in the future.
His living conditions are very bad because he has to provide for five people in his family.
課后課時作業(yè)
較易題(占比30%)　中檔題(占比40%)　拔高題(占比30%)
Ⅰ　閱讀
A
(2024·甘肅省蘭州第一中學高一下期末)A home science experiment took the world by storm. Two teens from Toronto, Canada, sent a Lego man rising above the Earth and captured their tiny astronaut's trip on film.
Mathew Ho and Asad Muhammad, both 17, used a weather balloon to launch their plastic lego model 16 miles above the Earth. This is inside a part of Earth's atmosphere.
題號 Ⅰ Ⅱ
A B 難度 ★★ ★★★ ★
The two teens were inspired by a similar project performed by students at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). The MIT students had launched a weather balloon with a camera into near space and taken many unusual images of the Earth. Mathew and Asad then spent four months figuring out how to launch their own spacecraft into the space. Traveling to space is expensive for NASA, but Mathew and Asad worked hard to keep their costs down. They bought much of their equipment used. In total, the project cost only $400.
“We had a lot of anxiety on launch day because there were high winds when we were going up，” Mathew told reporters. They had to pump extra helium (氦) into the balloon so that it would rise quickly and avoid being blown too far off course by the strong winds. The toy astronaut's journey lasted 97 minutes before the balloon broke and he fell back to Earth. Mathew and Asad then spent two weekends looking for their spacecraft. It had landed 76 miles away from the launch site.
篇章導讀：本文是一篇新聞報道。文章主要講述了兩名加拿大多倫多的青少年進行的一項自制科學實驗，他們利用氣象氣球?qū)犯咝∪怂腿虢詹⑴臄z了整個過程，實驗的成功引起了廣泛的關注。
The student scientists are currently finishing up their final year of high school and applying for colleges. They are also looking into more do it yourself space projects. “I guess the sky is not really the limit anymore，” Mathew told reporters. “We never knew we'd get this far. It's been a lesson for us that hard work pays off.”
1．By saying “took the world by storm” in the first paragraph, the writer meant the experiment ________．
A．harmed the world B．flooded the world
C．a(chǎn)ttracted the world D．managed the world
解析：詞義猜測題。根據(jù)第一段中的“Two teens from Toronto ... their tiny astronaut's trip on film.”可知，來自加拿大多倫多的兩名青少年把一個樂高人送上了地球，并把他們的小宇航員之旅拍了下來。由此可推知，實驗引起了全世界的極大關注和興趣，就像一陣風暴席卷全球一樣，took the world by storm意為“吸引了世界”。故選C。
2．Which of the following about the students at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) is mentioned in this passage
A．They were examples for Mathew Ho and Asad Muhammad.
B．They helped Mathew Ho and Asad Muhammad to achieve dream.
C．They launched a weather balloon together with Mathew Ho and Asad Muhammad.
D．They studied with Mathew Ho and Asad Muhammad in the same school.
解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中的“The two teens were inspired ... Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)．”可推知，麻省理工學院的學生項目給了二人靈感，是他們的范例。故選A。
3．How did Mathew and Asad keep their costs down
A．By making the weather balloon themselves.
B．By borrowing spacecraft from the MIT students.
C．By making their spacecraft by hand.
D．By using second hand equipment.
解析：細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的“Traveling to space is ... the project cost only $400. (到太空旅行對美國宇航局來說是昂貴的，但Mathew (馬修)和Asad (阿薩德)努力降低成本。他們的大部分設備都是二手的。這個項目總共只花了400美元。)”可知，他們通過購買二手設備來降低成本。故選D。
4．What problems did Mathew and Asad have on launch day
A．They ran out of helium.
B．The wind was too strong.
C．The balloon suddenly broke.
D．Their spacecraft was blown away.
解析：細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中的“We had a lot of anxiety ... Mathew told reporters.”可知，他們在發(fā)射當天遇到的問題是風太大。故選B。
B
(2024·四川省成都市10縣市高一下期末)The moon has no air, no water and an extreme 250℃， but the biggest challenge for scientists to set up camp is the loose dust. It damages space suits, affects scientific equipment and makes moving around difficult.
Now scientists have come up with a possible solution, showing that moon dust could be melted to create solid roads and landing areas by using a giant lens (透鏡). “You might think: Streets on the moon, who needs that？” said Prof. Jens Gunster, “But in fact it's a kind of demand.”
Dust has destroyed previous missions, such as the Lunar Surveyor 3 spacecraft, and overcoming this challenge is urgent for NASA, which aims to establish an everlasting lunar base.
Taking building materials to the moon would be too expensive, so new solutions are needed. “You need to use what's there and that's simply loose dust，” said Gunster.
He, and his research team, experimented with a special material called EAC－1A, a substitute for the loose dust. They used a laser beam (激光) to heat the dust to about 1，600℃ to melt it. They then made it into triangle shapes, each about 25 cm across, to create solid roads and landing areas.
篇章導讀：本文是一篇說明文。針對月球上建立基地所面臨的主要挑戰(zhàn)——松散的月球灰塵，本文主要介紹了一種可能的解決方案：利用巨大的透鏡融化月球塵埃來創(chuàng)建堅實的道路和著陸區(qū)。
The process is slow and it would take about 100 days to create a landing spot measuring 10 meters by 10 meters. Gunster said, “A lens of about 2.37m2 would be needed. But dust would still be a problem for the lens. The lens will not work sooner or later because of the accumulated dust, so a shaking lens may help deal with this problem.”
5．What is the key problem in setting up camp on the moon according to the author
A．The loose dust.
B．The high temperature.
C．The expensive material.
D．The lack of water and air.
解析：細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的“The moon has no air ... to set up camp is the loose dust.”可知，科學家們在月球上建立營地的最大挑戰(zhàn)是松散的灰塵。故選A。
6．Which statement may the author agree with according to the text
A．Dust makes moving around the moon easy.
B．There is no need to build a road on the moon.
C．The process of construction on Earth is as slow as that on the moon.
D．Setting up an everlasting lunar base is an important task for NASA currently.
解析：細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“Dust has destroyed previous missions ... which aims to establish an everlasting lunar base.”可知，建立一個永久的月球基地對美國宇航局來說是一項重要的任務。故選D。
7．What does the underlined word “substitute” in Paragraph 5 mean
A．Process. B．Base.
C．Replacement. D．Problem.
解析：詞義猜測題。根據(jù)畫線詞后文“They used a laser beam (激光) ... to create solid roads and landing areas.(為了熔化灰塵，他們使用激光束將灰塵加熱到約1，600℃。然后把它做成三角形，每個約25厘米寬，形成堅實的道路和著陸區(qū)域。)”可知，此處的灰塵指代前文所使用的特殊材料EAC－1A，即研究者使用特殊材料EAC－1A替代了月球上的塵土。畫線詞意為“代替”。故選C。
8．What can be a suitable title for the text
A．Solid Roads Can Be Built on the Moon
B．Building Material Will Be Taken to the Moon
C．Lens Can Be Used to Solve the Dust Problem on the Moon
D．A Permanent Lunar Base Will Be Built on the Moon
解析：標題判斷題。通讀全文可知，本文主要介紹了月球上建立基地所面臨的主要挑戰(zhàn)——松散的月球灰塵，并介紹了一種可能的解決方案：利用巨大的透鏡融化月球塵埃來創(chuàng)建堅實的道路和著陸區(qū)。C項(透鏡可以用來解決月球上的灰塵問題)概括本文主要內(nèi)容，可作為本文最佳標題。故選C。
Ⅱ　應用文寫作
(2024·重慶市七校聯(lián)盟高一下期末)假設你是李華，你所在的班級舉行了一次班會，班會的主題是：太空探險的意義。請結(jié)合下表內(nèi)容，用英語給校報寫一篇文章，客觀地介紹班會上同學們討論的情況并表達你自己的觀點。
贊同的理由 1.獲得新知識；
2.從太空取得新資源；
3.擴大人類未來的生存空間。
反對的理由 1.耗資巨大；
2.宇航員的安全問題。
你自己的觀點 ……
注意：1.寫作詞數(shù)應為80個左右；
2．標題和開頭已給出，不計入總詞數(shù)；
3．可以適當增加細節(jié)，以使行文連貫。
Outer Space Exploration, YES or NO
We had an argument over whether it is necessary to carry out outer space exploration at a class meeting the other day.﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍
[精彩范文]
Outer Space Exploration, YES or NO
We had an argument over whether it is necessary to carry out outer space exploration at a class meeting the other day. Different students have different attitudes towards it.
Some of us think it important to research the outer space because, first of all, people can get a better understanding of the outer space. Second, new resources can be found there for human beings. Third, this exploration can possibly bring about new living space for human life in the near future.
However, others are strongly against it. They believe that it takes so much money to do this kind of exploration, which is not worth the value. Besides, it is very dangerous for astronauts to do such work in the outer space.
In my opinion, people should be pioneering, and therefore the outer space exploration is worth trying out.
觀點對比類議論文屬于說服性議論文，是對某個議論對象提出見解或主張并說明理由，并使之信服的文章。作者通過擺事實、講道理、辨是非來確定其觀點的正誤，肯定或否定某種主張，從而達到讓讀者信服的目的。其寫法與一般議論文的寫法相同，應注意以下三點：
1．在開頭提出議題，也就是提出論點。議題要開門見山，并且開頭句往往是主題句。
單元寫作
單元寫作——觀點對比類議論文
2．議論時要有充分的論據(jù)，可以運用列舉事實、展示數(shù)據(jù)、提供事例、借助常識或利用親身經(jīng)歷的方法。正文部分是寫作的重點，論證方法可以用歸納法、推理法、比較法等。
3．在結(jié)論部分發(fā)表自己的觀點。觀點必須鮮明，不能模棱兩可。
議論文寫作四步法：
第一步：介紹話題，提出論點。給出一些歷史背景或個人資料。
第二步：從正方辯論。給出實例，證明論點。
第三步：從反方辯論。給出實例，證明論點。
第四步：發(fā)表自己的觀點。
Recently, students in our class have had a discussion on ______________ (討論的話題)．
On the one hand, some students think ____________________ (反對的觀點). They think _______________ (反對的論據(jù)一). ________________ (反對的論據(jù)二)．
On the other hand, most of them think ____________________ (贊成的觀點). They think _______________ (贊成的論據(jù)一). ________________ (贊成的論據(jù)二)．
As for me, ____________ (自己的觀點)．
※開頭常用句式
1．We had a discussion about whether it is necessary to ...
我們對是否有必要……進行了討論。
2．We've had a survey on ...
我們做了一個關于……的調(diào)查。
3．We have held a discussion about whether it is good or not to ...
我們已經(jīng)就……的利與弊進行了討論。
※主體段落常用句式
1．Opinions are mainly divided into two groups.
意見主要分為兩類。
2．Different people, however, have different opinions/think quite differently on this matter.
然而，不同的人對這件事有不同的看法。
3．60% of the students are for the idea.
60%的學生贊成這個想法。
4．45% of the students hold the view that ... For one thing, ... For another thing, ...
45%的學生認為……一方面，……另一方面，……
5．A case in point is ...
一個典型的例子是……
6．However, the others are strongly against this opinion. To begin with ... What's more ... In addition ... Finally ...
然而，其他人卻強烈反對這一觀點。首先……而且……此外……最后……
※結(jié)尾常用句式
1．As for me ... /For my part ... /As far as I'm concerned ... /From my point of view ...
對我來說……/就我而言……/在我看來……/從我的觀點來看……
2．In conclusion, I am for the former opinion that ...
綜上所述，我支持前者觀點，即……
3．Everything has its advantages and disadvantages.
每件事都有優(yōu)點和缺點。
最近，你班同學就“探索太空是否值得”這一話題展開了一場討論。請你根據(jù)下面提供的信息，用英語寫一篇短文介紹討論的情況，并談談自己的看法。
30%的同學認為太空不值得探索。
理由：
1．離我們及我們的日常生活太遙遠；
2．浪費金錢。
70%的同學認為太空值得探索。
理由：
1．已使用衛(wèi)星進行通訊傳播、天氣預報；
2．有望解決人口問題。
注意：1.寫作詞數(shù)應為80個左右；
2．可以適當增加細節(jié)，以使行文連貫。
Recently our class had a heated discussion on whether space is worth exploring. ﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍
[精彩范文]
Recently our class had a heated discussion on whether space is worth exploring. Students hold different ideas about it.
30% of us think space exploration is not worthwhile, holding the belief that space exploration is too far away from us and our daily life and is a waste of money.
However, 70% think space is worth exploring because we have benefited a lot from it, such as using satellites for communication and weather forecast. What's more, with further space research, we may solve the population problem by moving to other planets one day.
As far as I am concerned, it is worthwhile to explore the space. Not only can it promote the development of society but also enrich our life.

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