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英語(yǔ) 必修 第二冊(cè)RJ
Section Ⅳ　Reading for Writing &
Assessing Your Progress
一、閱讀單詞：寫出漢語(yǔ)含義
1．county n. (英國(guó)、愛(ài)爾蘭的)郡；(美國(guó)的)縣
2．feast n. 盛宴；宴會(huì)；節(jié)日
3．dot n. 點(diǎn)；小(圓)點(diǎn)　vt. 加點(diǎn)；遍布
4．cattle n. 牛
5．roar vi.& n. 吼叫；咆哮
6．ocean n. 大海；海洋
7．scent n. 氣味；氣息
8．pub n. 酒吧；酒館
9．wine n. 葡萄酒；果酒
10．beer n. (一杯)啤酒
11．stew n. 燉菜(有肉和蔬菜)　vt.& vi. 燉；煨
二、核心單詞：寫出英文單詞
1．roll vi.& vt. (使)翻滾；(使)滾動(dòng)　n. 卷(軸)；翻滾
2．greet vt. 問(wèn)候；迎接
3．custom n. 風(fēng)俗；習(xí)俗；習(xí)慣
4．crowd n. 人群；一群人；民眾　vt. 擠滿；使……擁擠
三、拓展單詞：寫出英文單詞，并嘗試寫出其詞性轉(zhuǎn)換(可查字典)
1．poet n. 詩(shī)人→poem n. 詩(shī)；韻文→poetry n. 詩(shī)歌
2．sensory adj. 感覺(jué)的；感官的→sense n. 感覺(jué)；感官
3．striking adj. 引人注目的；顯著的→strike v. 給(某人以……)印象；撞；打→strikingly adv. 驚人地；醒目地
4．transition n. 過(guò)渡；轉(zhuǎn)變；變遷→transitional adj. (時(shí)期)過(guò)渡的；過(guò)渡性的
5．a(chǎn)chievement n. 成就；成績(jī)；達(dá)到→achieve v. (憑長(zhǎng)期努力)達(dá)到(某目標(biāo)、地位、標(biāo)準(zhǔn))；獲得成功
四、熟詞生義：寫出熟義
stew 熟義：n. 燉菜(有肉和蔬菜)
vt.& vi. 燉；煨
生義：vi. 思考；擔(dān)憂
五、構(gòu)詞法
Affix (prefix/suffix) 含義 例詞
in 不，無(wú)；向內(nèi) individual,__indicate, influence, infinite, inherit
ency 行為，狀況，性質(zhì) currency,__emergency, tendency, agency, efficiency
or 從事某種職業(yè)的人；某地區(qū)/地方的人 ancestor,__doctor, competitor, conqueror, inventor
ant 屬于……的；具有……性質(zhì)的 descendant,__important, tolerant, assistant, accordant
課文三維剖析
BEAUTIFUL IRELAND AND ITS TRADITIONS
美麗的愛(ài)爾蘭及其傳統(tǒng)
Ireland's beautiful countryside has always had a great influence on its people and traditions. The country has a long history of producing great writers and poets1. Its beautiful countryside excites and2 inspires all, offering something for each of the senses3. The peaceful landscape of the “Emerald Isle” and4 its many green counties is a true feast for the eyes, with its rolling green hills dotted with sheep and cattle5. And down by the sea, the roar of the ocean waves and6 cries of the seabirds make up the music of the coast. On a quiet morning in the mountains, feel the sun on your skin, and7 breathe in the sweet scent of fresh flowers while8 birds greet the new day with their morning song. With all this beauty, it is not surprising that9 Ireland has developed strong traditions that10 include music, dancing, and dining. To have a chance11 of experiencing this, stop by a village pub and relax with a glass of wine or a local beer. Better yet, enjoy a delicious traditional Irish Beef Stew. If12 you're lucky, you might be able to enjoy some traditional music and dancing, too. And if you introduce yourself to a friendly face, you are more than likely to experience local culture and customs first－h(huán)and. 一直以來(lái)，愛(ài)爾蘭的美麗鄉(xiāng)村對(duì)當(dāng)?shù)氐娜嗣窈蛡鹘y(tǒng)產(chǎn)生著深遠(yuǎn)的影響。愛(ài)爾蘭有著孕育偉大作家和詩(shī)人的悠久傳統(tǒng)。美麗的鄉(xiāng)村給人以激情和靈感，滿足各種感官享受。“綠寶石(愛(ài)爾蘭)島”風(fēng)光寧?kù)o秀美，郡縣草木蔥蘢，青山連綿起伏，牛羊點(diǎn)綴其中，堪稱一場(chǎng)名副其實(shí)的視覺(jué)盛宴。海邊波浪咆哮，海鳥(niǎo)鳴叫，奏響了海岸交響樂(lè)。山里寧?kù)o的早晨，感受陽(yáng)光灑落在你身上，呼吸著鮮花的芬芳，而鳥(niǎo)兒則用清晨的歌聲迎接新的一天的到來(lái)。這般美景，自然造就了愛(ài)爾蘭獨(dú)特的民間傳統(tǒng)，如音樂(lè)、舞蹈及菜肴等。要想體驗(yàn)這一切，可以去一家鄉(xiāng)村酒吧，喝一杯葡萄酒或本地的啤酒，放松身心。更為美妙的是，可品嘗美味的愛(ài)爾蘭傳統(tǒng)燉牛肉。運(yùn)氣好的話，你還可以欣賞到傳統(tǒng)的音樂(lè)和舞蹈。向友善的當(dāng)?shù)厝俗鰝€(gè)自我介紹，你定能親身體驗(yàn)當(dāng)?shù)氐奈幕土?xí)俗。 1動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)作賓語(yǔ) 2連接兩個(gè)并列謂語(yǔ)excites和inspires 3現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)作伴隨狀語(yǔ) 4連接兩個(gè)并列賓語(yǔ)the__“Emerald__Isle”和its__many__green__counties 5with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)作伴隨狀語(yǔ)，rolling是現(xiàn)在分詞作定語(yǔ)，dotted with ... 是過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ) 6連接兩個(gè)并列主語(yǔ)the__roar和cries 7連接兩個(gè)祈使句feel__the__sun__on__your__skin和breathe__in__...__flowers 8引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句 9it是形式主語(yǔ)， that引導(dǎo)的從句是真正的主語(yǔ) 10引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，修飾先行詞traditions 11不定式短語(yǔ)作目的狀語(yǔ) 12引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句
閱讀領(lǐng)悟
(一)愛(ài)爾蘭島的特點(diǎn)
(二)請(qǐng)找出和“五感”有關(guān)的課文原句
Sight: The__peaceful__landscape__of__the__“Emerald__Isle”__and__its__many__green__counties__is__a__true__feast__for__the__eyes,__with__its__rolling__green__hills__dotted__with__sheep__and__cattle.
Hearing: And__down__by__the__sea,__the__roar__of__the__ocean__waves__and__cries__of__the__seabirds__make__up__the__music__of__the__coast.__
Smell & Touch & Hearing: On__a__quiet__morning__in__the__mountains,__feel__the__sun__on__your__skin,__and__breathe__in__the__sweet__scent__of__fresh__flowers__while__birds__greet__the__new__day__with__their__morning__song.
(三)問(wèn)題鏈
1．What makes the Irish countryside exciting and inspiring
Its__beauty__and__how__it__offers__something__for__all__the__senses.
2．What are the best ways to experience some Irish traditions and culture
By__stopping__by__a__village__pub__and__relaxing__with__a__drink__and__traditional__meal__while__listening__to__music__and__watching__dancing./By__exploring__all__different__parts__of__the__country__and__experiencing__what__the__country__gives__to__all__the__senses.
探究一　熱詞
(一)高頻詞
1.greet vt. 問(wèn)候；迎接(教材P44)
greeting n. 問(wèn)候；招呼；迎接；致意 greet sb with ... 以……迎接/接待某人 be greeted with/by ... 受到……的迎接/接待 give/send (one's) greetings to sb 向某人問(wèn)候
【語(yǔ)境感知】
①Bill opened the door to Harold and greeted him with cries of welcome.
比爾給哈羅德開(kāi)了門，歡呼著迎接他。(動(dòng)作描寫)
②The winning team was greeted by cheering crowds.
獲勝的隊(duì)伍受到歡呼的人群的歡迎。
③My mother sends her greetings to you all.
我母親向你們大家問(wèn)好。
【學(xué)會(huì)運(yùn)用】單句語(yǔ)法填空
①As we walked into the house, we were__greeted (greet) by a wonderful smell of baking.
②The teacher greeted each child with a friendly “Hello！”．
③He nodded his head in greeting (greet)．
【學(xué)會(huì)表達(dá)】翻譯句子
④他們相互致意后便坐下吃午飯。
They__exchanged__greetings__and__sat__down__to__lunch.
2.custom n. 風(fēng)俗；習(xí)俗；習(xí)慣(教材P44)
It is the custom (for sb) to do sth (某人)做某事是習(xí)慣 a local/an ancient custom 當(dāng)?shù)氐?古老的風(fēng)俗
【語(yǔ)境感知】
①It was his custom to approach every problem cautiously.
他的習(xí)慣是謹(jǐn)慎地處理每一個(gè)問(wèn)題。(人物描寫)
②The guide offers information on local customs.
導(dǎo)游手冊(cè)介紹了當(dāng)?shù)氐娘L(fēng)俗習(xí)慣。
【學(xué)會(huì)運(yùn)用】單句語(yǔ)法填空
①He has tried to adapt to local customs (custom)．
②It's the custom for the bride's father to__pay (pay) for the wedding.
【學(xué)會(huì)表達(dá)】完成句子
③盡管在國(guó)外生活了多年，他仍然遵守中國(guó)人傳統(tǒng)的風(fēng)俗習(xí)慣。
Though having lived abroad for years, he__still__follows__the__traditional__customs__of__Chinese.
3.crowd n. 人群；一群人；民眾　vt. 擠滿；使……擁擠(教材P46)
follow the crowd 隨大流 a crowd of/crowds of 一群……/成群的…… crowd around/round (...) 聚集在(……)周圍 crowd ... into/onto ... 把……裝滿(或塞滿)……；……使……擁擠 crowd into/onto ... 大批涌入(狹小的空間)
【語(yǔ)境感知】
①He wanted to go unnoticed, to be one of the crowd.
他不想引人注目，只求做個(gè)普通百姓。
②We all crowded around the stove to keep warm.
我們都擠在爐子周圍取暖。(動(dòng)作描寫)
③One group of journalists were crowded into a minibus.
一群記者擠進(jìn)一輛小型公共汽車。
【學(xué)會(huì)運(yùn)用】單句語(yǔ)法填空
①She's quite happy to follow the crowd.
②Hundreds of people crowded into/onto the church for the funeral.
③Police blocked off the road as hotel staff and guests crowded around/round．
【學(xué)會(huì)表達(dá)】完成句子
④我敢和你打賭，他能在一群人中認(rèn)出她來(lái)。
I bet you he can pick her out of a__crowd__of__people．
(二)拓展詞
4.poet n. 詩(shī)人→poem n. 詩(shī)；韻文→poetry n. 詩(shī)歌
【語(yǔ)境感知】
The poet wrote a beautiful poem that showcased his profound understanding of poetry.
這位詩(shī)人寫了一首優(yōu)美的詩(shī)，展示了他對(duì)詩(shī)歌的深刻理解。
5.sensory adj. 感覺(jué)的；感官的→sense n. 感覺(jué)；感官
【語(yǔ)境感知】
The artist's painting evoked a powerful sensory experience, appealing to my sense of sight and touch.
這位藝術(shù)家的畫作引發(fā)了一種強(qiáng)烈的感官體驗(yàn)，吸引了我的視覺(jué)和觸覺(jué)。
6.striking adj. 引人注目的；顯著的→strike v. 給(某人以……)印象；撞；打→strikingly adv. 驚人地；醒目地
【語(yǔ)境感知】
The striking painting immediately caught my attention, and the colors struck me as strikingly vibrant.
那幅引人注目的畫作立刻吸引了我的注意，而那些顏色在我看來(lái)異常鮮艷。
7.transition n. 過(guò)渡；轉(zhuǎn)變；變遷→transitional adj. (時(shí)期)過(guò)渡的；過(guò)渡性的
【語(yǔ)境感知】
During the transitional period, the company made several smooth transitions to adapt to the new market conditions.
在過(guò)渡期間，公司為了適應(yīng)新的市場(chǎng)條件，順利進(jìn)行了幾次轉(zhuǎn)型。
8.achievement n. 成就；成績(jī)；達(dá)到→achieve v. (憑長(zhǎng)期努力)達(dá)到(某目標(biāo)、地位、標(biāo)準(zhǔn))；獲得成功
【語(yǔ)境感知】
Besides the achievements ranging from economy to architecture, Mr White achieved one success after another in the AI field.
除了從經(jīng)濟(jì)到建筑的成就外，懷特先生還在人工智能領(lǐng)域取得了一個(gè)又一個(gè)的成功。
【學(xué)會(huì)運(yùn)用】單句語(yǔ)法填空
①Collin admires those who have made great achievements (achieve) in the scientific fields.
②Since you are an expert in English poetry (poet), I'd like to invite you to give us a speech on that.
③The new candy shop offers a wide range of sensory (sense) experiences, from the colorful displays to the delicious tastes.
④Her eyes are her most striking (strike) feature.
【學(xué)會(huì)表達(dá)】完成句子
⑤這座城市正在經(jīng)歷重大轉(zhuǎn)型，向著更加環(huán)保的方向發(fā)展。
The city is undergoing a__significant__transition as it moves towards becoming more environmentally friendly.
(三)熟詞生義
9.stew [熟義] n. 燉菜(有肉和蔬菜) vt.& vi. 燉；煨 [生義] vi. 思考；擔(dān)憂
【語(yǔ)境感知】
①The pot of stew on the stove smelled delicious.
爐子上的燉菜聞起來(lái)很美味。
②I've been stewing over the problem for a while.
這個(gè)問(wèn)題我已經(jīng)考慮了一會(huì)兒。
【學(xué)會(huì)理解】同義詞替換
①There's no point in stewing over things you can't change. worrying__擔(dān)憂
【學(xué)會(huì)表達(dá)】完成句子
②我喜歡把蔬菜和肉一起燉，做出一頓豐盛的餐食。
I like to stew__vegetables__and__meat__together to make a hearty meal.
探究二　長(zhǎng)難句分析
10．The peaceful landscape of the “Emerald Isle” and its many green counties is a true feast for the eyes, with its rolling green hills dotted with sheep and cattle.(教材P44) “綠寶石(愛(ài)爾蘭)島”風(fēng)光寧?kù)o秀美，郡縣草木蔥蘢，青山連綿起伏，牛羊點(diǎn)綴其中，堪稱一場(chǎng)名副其實(shí)的視覺(jué)盛宴。
【分析】　此處運(yùn)用了with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)，即“with＋賓語(yǔ)＋賓補(bǔ)”，在從句中作伴隨狀語(yǔ)。 with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)的幾種形式： with＋名詞/代詞＋名詞 with＋名詞/代詞＋形容詞 with＋名詞/代詞＋副詞 with＋名詞/代詞＋介詞短語(yǔ) with＋名詞/代詞＋現(xiàn)在分詞 with＋名詞/代詞＋過(guò)去分詞 with＋名詞/代詞＋動(dòng)詞不定式
【語(yǔ)境感知】
①He kept silent with his face red.
他紅著臉沉默著不說(shuō)話。
②Tom felt lonely with her parents out.
湯姆的父母不在家，他感到很孤單。
③He came out of the library, with a thick book under his arm.
他走出了圖書館，胳膊下夾著一本厚厚的書。
【學(xué)會(huì)運(yùn)用】單句語(yǔ)法填空
①The night is dark, with someone crying (cry)．
②With my key lost (lose), I have to look for it.
【學(xué)會(huì)表達(dá)】翻譯句子
③由于有太多的家庭作業(yè)要做，我不能出去。
I__can't__go__out__with__so__much__homework__to__do.
④他頭枕著手臂睡著了。
He__was__asleep__with__his__head__on__his__arms.
Ⅰ.匹配詞義
a.匹配下列單詞的詞義 b.匹配下列短語(yǔ)的詞義
(C)1.ocean (E)2.feast (D)3.scent (B)4.county (A)5.cattle A．n. 牛 B．n. (英國(guó)、愛(ài)爾蘭的)郡 C．n. 大海；海洋 D．n. 氣味；氣息 E．n. 盛宴；宴會(huì) (C)6.have an influence on ... (A)7.be dotted with ... (D)8.make up (B)9.be likely to do sth (E)10.the sweet scent of ... A．點(diǎn)綴著…… B．很可能做某事 C．對(duì)……有影響 D．組成，構(gòu)成 E．……的芳香
Ⅱ.默寫單詞
1．wine n. 葡萄酒；果酒
2．roar vi.& n. 吼叫；咆哮
3．roll vi.& vt. (使)翻滾；(使)滾動(dòng)　n. 卷(軸)；翻滾
4．greet vt. 問(wèn)候；迎接
5．beer n. (一杯)啤酒
6．custom n. 風(fēng)俗；習(xí)俗；習(xí)慣
7．pub n. 酒吧；酒館
8．crowd n. 人群；一群人；民眾　vt. 擠滿；使……擁擠
9．poet n. 詩(shī)人
10．sensory adj. 感覺(jué)的；感官的
Ⅲ.選詞填空
striking, transition, greet, feast, crowd, custom, sensory, poet
1．After graduating from high school, I made a smooth transition into college life.
2．The striking landscape of the Grand Canyon left a lasting impression on me.
3．The sensory experience of the spa treatment was incredibly relaxing.
4．The poet's words painted a vivid picture in my mind.
5．I greeted my friend with a warm hug when I saw him at the party.
6．The crowd cheered loudly as the winning team walked onto the field.
7．In my culture, it's a custom to exchange gifts during the holiday season.
8．We celebrated our anniversary with a feast of delicious foods and drinks.
Ⅳ.單句語(yǔ)法填空
1．The beautiful poem (poet) moved me deeply with its heartfelt words.
2．The broken (break) glass has been thrown outside.
3．The strikingly (strike) tall building stands out against the skyline of the city.
4．The manager was satisfied to see many new products developed (develop) after great effort.
5．The sensory (sense) experience of the concert was an explosion of sound and color.
6．He greeted all his guests with a fixed smile on his face.
7．After the exam, I went through a transitional (transition) period of relaxation before starting my summer job.
8．It is the custom in that country for women to__marry (marry) young.
Ⅴ.完成表達(dá)
1．You're__likely__to__feel (你可能會(huì)覺(jué)得) anxious and pressured.
2．The art exhibition was a__feast__for__the__eyes (視覺(jué)盛宴), featuring beautiful paintings from around the world.
3．As we walked through the forest, we breathed__in__the__fresh__air (呼吸新鮮的空氣) and enjoyed the peaceful atmosphere.
Ⅵ.完整表達(dá)
1．我當(dāng)學(xué)生時(shí)，他的畫對(duì)我產(chǎn)生過(guò)強(qiáng)烈的影響。(have an influence on)
His__paintings__had__a__strong__influence__on__me__as__a__student.
2．晚上吃一些蒸土豆或烤土豆不會(huì)增加你的體重。(過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ))
Eating__some__steamed__potatoes__or__baked__potatoes__at__night__will__not__increase__your__weight.
3．她發(fā)現(xiàn)自己被亞洲文化所吸引，于是決定開(kāi)始學(xué)習(xí)漢語(yǔ)。(過(guò)去分詞作賓補(bǔ))
She__found__herself__attracted__by__Asian__culture__and__decided__to__start__learning__Chinese.
課后課時(shí)作業(yè)
較易題(占比30%)　中檔題(占比40%)　拔高題(占比30%)
題號(hào) Ⅰ Ⅱ
A B
難度 ★ ★★ ★★★
　Ⅰ　閱讀
A
(2024·貴州省貴陽(yáng)市第一中學(xué)高一上質(zhì)量監(jiān)測(cè))Toilet paper as we know it today is a relatively modern invention that's only been around for about 150 years. It's natural to wonder what was used before modern toilet paper. Toilet paper in its ancient form dates back to China in at least the 6th century. Although paper itself appeared long before that time.
In ancient times, many kinds of materials (材料) were used instead of toilet paper. For example, sand was used by people who settled near the desert (沙漠); grass was used by people living in the grassland. Some other things known to have been used included: fur, leaves, rocks, snow, and so on. Of course, it wasn't uncommon for people to go to the bathroom in a small river.
They might have used a cloth or their hands to clean themselves afterward. For many people, that might have been preferable to the method used by ancient Romans: a sponge (海綿) on a stick kept in saltwater.
Luckily for us, Joseph Gayetty created the first toilet paper in 1857. His “Gayetty's Medicated Paper” didn't become popular soon, however, since the public was used to using materials they got for free rather than spending money on toilet paper. The rolled toilet paper we're familiar with today appeared in the 1880s. It wasn't necessarily soft like we're now used to, though. Paper production methods would often leave splinters (刺) in toilet paper. It wasn't until 1935 that Northern Tissue said they had made “splinter free” toilet paper.
Other improvements in toilet paper happened over the course of the 20th century. Larger rolls with softer paper became more popular. Today, take a trip to your local supermarket and you will find many different kinds of toilet paper. For such a widely used, necessary invention, it isn't given much thought ... until it runs out!
篇章導(dǎo)讀：本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章介紹了廁紙發(fā)明前后的情況。
1．What might decide which material ancient people used after using the bathroom？(　　)
A．What they did.
B．Where they lived.
C．How old they were.
D．How long they used the bathroom.
答案：B
解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“For example ... in the grassland.”可知，古人就地取材來(lái)解決如廁后的清潔問(wèn)題，即在古代，如廁后用什么材料取決于人們生活在哪里。故選B。
2．Why was Gayetty's Medicated Paper unpopular at first？(　　)
A．Because the paper had splinters.
B．Because the paper couldn't be shared.
C．Because people didn't want to pay for it.
D．Because people preferred rolled toilet paper.
答案：C
解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中的“His ‘Gayetty's Medicated Paper’ ... on toilet paper.”可知，由于人們不習(xí)慣花錢買廁紙，所以Gayetty's Medicated Paper一開(kāi)始并不流行。故選C。
3．How does the text mainly develop？(　　)
A．By providing examples.
B．By making comparisons.
C．By telling an interesting story.
D．By following the order of time.
答案：D
解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)文中依次出現(xiàn)的“in at least the 6th century”“In ancient times” “in 1857” “in the 1880s” “until 1935” “the 20th century”和“Today”可推知，本文主要按照時(shí)間順序展開(kāi)。故選D。
4．What would be the best title for the text？(　　)
A．A great invention—toilet paper
B．Why was toilet paper invented
C．Toilet paper vs water: which to choose
D．What did people use before toilet paper
答案：A
解析：標(biāo)題判斷題。通讀全文可知，作者介紹了廁紙的發(fā)明史，并指出這是一項(xiàng)廣泛使用的、必要的發(fā)明。A項(xiàng)(一個(gè)偉大的發(fā)明——廁紙)最適合作為文章標(biāo)題。故選A。
B
(2024·廣東省東莞市東華高級(jí)中學(xué)高一上月考)The story about horses in North America told in several written histories is in need of an update, according to a new study. After examining archaeological remains (遺骸) of horses, researchers suggest indigenous peoples (土著居民) had spread the animals through the American West by the first half of the 1600s—before they met Europeans.
The findings agree with oral histories from indigenous groups, which tell of interactions (相互作用) with horses before settlers arrived in their homelands. Meanwhile, written European texts from the 1700s and 1800s stated that horses only spread through the area after 1680.
Horses first appeared in the Americas around four million years ago, but by about 10，000 years ago, they had mostly disappeared from the record. Spanish settlers likely first brought horses back to the Americas in 1519. According to the new study, indigenous peoples then transported horses north along trade networks.
To find when the animals spread, researchers examined the remains of more than twenty horses discovered across the Western US. Rather than simply walking around the countryside on their own, the horses appear to have been part of native American culture. Signs of teeth problems on one horse and growths on the bones of the head of another suggested people had put bridles (馬勒) on the animals. Certain chemical elements in the animals' teeth suggested they ate maize, an indigenous plant. And another horse had a previously broken facial bone that had fully recovered, meaning it might have received medical treatment.
Researchers compared the ancient horses' DNA with that of modern horses and found that the centuries old horses had largely Spanish origins.
Together, the findings suggest horses spread “from Spanish settlements in the American Southwest to the northern Rockies and central Great Plains by the first half of the 17th century.”
The findings also highlight the importance of indigenous oral traditions in understanding history. “Our cultures have been so misunderstood for so long，” says co author Yvette Collin. “Too often history has been told around us, without us.”
篇章導(dǎo)讀：本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。研究表明，是土著居民將馬帶到了美國(guó)西部，這重新改寫了美國(guó)馬的歷史。
5．What needs to be updated according to the new study？(　　)
A．When horses showed up in the Americas.
B．Who introduced horses to North America.
C．When Native Americans first met Europeans.
D．Who spread horses through the American West.
答案：D
解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段內(nèi)容可知，新的研究表明，是土著居民將馬傳播到了美國(guó)西部。故選D。
6．What did researchers find out about ancient horses from the remains？(　　)
A．They had hardly any Spanish origins.
B．They were born with tooth disease.
C．They played a role in natives' life.
D．They were badly treated by natives.
答案：C
解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段中的“To find ... native American culture.”可知，研究人員通過(guò)研究馬的遺骸發(fā)現(xiàn)了馬似乎已經(jīng)成為美洲原住民文化的一部分，它們被戴上了馬勒、吃玉米并可能接受過(guò)治療，由此可推知，馬在當(dāng)?shù)厝说纳钪邪l(fā)揮著作用。故選C。
7．What does Collin think of oral histories？(　　)
A．They spread easily.
B．They show the truth.
C．They pass down traditions.
D．They unite indigenous groups.
答案：B
解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段內(nèi)容可知，研究結(jié)果還強(qiáng)調(diào)了土著口述傳統(tǒng)在理解歷史方面的重要性。Yvette Collin (伊維特·科林)提到歷史經(jīng)常在我們身邊被講述，由此可推知，Collin認(rèn)為土著口述歷史展示了真相。故選B。
8．What is the best title for the text？(　　)
A．Written texts explain human horse interactions
B．Oral histories help us understand indigenous cultures
C．New research rewrites the history of American horses
D．Archaeological remains are the key to learning about the past
答案：C
解析：標(biāo)題判斷題。通讀全文可知，一項(xiàng)新的研究表明，是土著居民將馬帶到了美國(guó)西部，這重新改寫了美國(guó)馬的歷史，C項(xiàng)(新研究改寫了美國(guó)馬的歷史)最適合作為文章標(biāo)題。故選C。
Ⅱ　應(yīng)用文寫作
(2024·貴州省黔西南州金成實(shí)驗(yàn)學(xué)校高一上質(zhì)量檢測(cè))假定你是李華，聽(tīng)聞中國(guó)日?qǐng)?bào)(China Daily)為了宣傳中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)文化，正在招募志愿者向海外介紹中國(guó)著名歷史文化景點(diǎn)(historical and cultural attractions)，你很想?yún)⒓哟舜涡麄骰顒?dòng)，請(qǐng)你就此給報(bào)社寫一封英文申請(qǐng)信。內(nèi)容包括：
1．寫信目的；
2．自薦理由；
3．申請(qǐng)參與。
注意：1.寫作詞數(shù)應(yīng)為80個(gè)左右；
2．可以適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，以使行文連貫。
Dear Sir/Madam,
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
Yours,
Li Hua
[精彩范文]
Dear Sir/Madam，
I'm Li Hua, a Senior one student. Learning that China Daily is in need of some volunteers to introduce Chinese traditional culture to foreigners, I can't wait to apply to be one.
To begin with, not only am I outgoing, but also I am enthusiastic, which helps me get along well with others. What's more, I have such a good command of English that I can introduce Chinese historical and cultural attractions to the whole world fluently. At last, with my previous experiences of being a volunteer, I hold the firm belief that I am the right person for the job.
I would appreciate it if you could take my application into consideration. Looking forward to your reply soon.
Yours,
Li Hua
　單元寫作
單元寫作——描述一個(gè)美麗或不尋常的地方
本單元的寫作任務(wù)是描述一個(gè)美麗或不尋常的地方，屬于地點(diǎn)或景點(diǎn)介紹類文章。寫作時(shí)要注意：(1)理清與寫作主題有關(guān)的地理位置、氣候、面積、人口等內(nèi)容；(2)時(shí)態(tài)通常使用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)；(3)人稱以第一人稱和第三人稱為主；(4)文章的開(kāi)頭部分引出所介紹的內(nèi)容；(5)正文詳細(xì)描述該地點(diǎn)或景點(diǎn)的特色；(6)結(jié)束語(yǔ)可加上自己的評(píng)論。
Have you ever heard ________ (地點(diǎn)) I'd like to tell you what ________ (地點(diǎn)) is like. It is located in ________ (具體位置) and covers ________ (面積). Having many famous tourist attractions, such as ________ (具體景點(diǎn)), it appeals lots of people to visit. ________ (景點(diǎn)特色). And it has ________(歷史意義/故事)． In a word, ________ (地點(diǎn)) is well worth a visit.
※開(kāi)頭常用句式
1．With its pleasant climate, rich natural resources and beautiful scenery, ... is one of China's major tourist cities.
氣候宜人，自然資源豐富，風(fēng)景秀麗，……是中國(guó)主要的旅游城市之一。
2．It enjoys worldwide fame for its beautiful scenery.
該地因其美麗的風(fēng)景而蜚聲國(guó)際。
3．It has become the most popular tourist attraction since ...
自從……以來(lái)，它已成為最受歡迎的旅游景點(diǎn)。
※主體段落常用句式
1．Beijing, covering an area of about 16，410 square kilometers, is located in the north of China with a population of about 21，530，000.
北京，占地面積約16，410平方公里，位于中國(guó)北方，人口約2，153萬(wàn)。
2．It enjoys warm winters and cool summers and has lots of rainfall throughout the year.
該地冬暖夏涼，全年雨量充沛。
3．It has many places of interest, such as the Elizabeth Tower and Royal Greenwich Observatory.
它有許多名勝古跡，如伊麗莎白塔和皇家格林尼治天文臺(tái)。
4．Not only is it an ancient city with a long history, but it is a place of cultural significance.
它不僅是一座歷史悠久的古城，而且是一個(gè)具有文化意義的地方。
5．Its capital is London, which is well－known as the City of Fog.
它的首都是倫敦，是眾所周知的霧都。
6．The Great Wall is a must to visit. As the proverb goes, “One who fails to reach the Great Wall is not a hero.”
長(zhǎng)城是必游之地。俗話說(shuō)：“不到長(zhǎng)城非好漢。”
※結(jié)尾常用句式
1．A trip to the Palace Museum will enable you to get to know the history of China.
參觀故宮博物院能夠讓你了解中國(guó)的歷史。
2．The village is worth a return visit.
這個(gè)村莊值得再次光顧。
3．If I have a chance, I want to experience the local culture.
如果有機(jī)會(huì)，我想去體驗(yàn)一下當(dāng)?shù)氐奈幕?br/>假定你是李華，你班英語(yǔ)老師要求你們寫一篇文章，介紹一處曾游覽過(guò)的歷史古跡，內(nèi)容包括：
1．歷史古跡的名稱和地點(diǎn)；
2．游覽該古跡的所見(jiàn)所感。
注意：1.寫作詞數(shù)應(yīng)為80個(gè)左右；
2．可以適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，以使行文連貫。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
[精彩范文]
Last summer vacation, I took a tour of the Old Town of Lijiang in Yunnan, home to the ancient Dongba culture.
I walked around the town, enjoying the local culture and attractions such as the big water wheels, the classic Naxi dance on Square Street, and the amazing Dongba writing system. “Tian Yu Liu Fang”， which means “Let's read” in the Naxi language, inspires me most as it conveys Naxi people's love and respect for knowledge.
I was fascinated by the Old Town of Lijiang, where nature and human wisdom coexist in harmony with each other.
18(共75張PPT)
WELCOME UNIT
單元主題：人與社會(huì)——?dú)v史與傳統(tǒng)
UNIT 4　HISTORY AND TRADITIONS
Section Ⅳ　Reading for Writing &
Assessing Your Progress
預(yù)學(xué)檢測(cè) 單詞打卡
自主學(xué)習(xí) 課文語(yǔ)篇
目錄
CONTENTS
1
2
合作探究 課時(shí)重點(diǎn)
3
對(duì)點(diǎn)練習(xí) 鞏固所學(xué)
4
課后課時(shí)作業(yè)
5
預(yù)學(xué)檢測(cè) 單詞打卡
一、閱讀單詞：寫出漢語(yǔ)含義
1．county n. _______________________________
2．feast n. ________________
3．dot n. ________________ vt. ________________
4．cattle n. ______
5．roar vi.& n. _____________
6．ocean n. ________________
7．scent n. ________________
(英國(guó)、愛(ài)爾蘭的)郡;(美國(guó)的)縣
盛宴;宴會(huì);節(jié)日
點(diǎn);小(圓)點(diǎn)
加點(diǎn);遍布
牛
吼叫;咆哮
大海;海洋
氣味;氣息
8．pub n. ________________
9．wine n. ________________
10．beer n. ________________
11．stew n. ________________
vt.& vi. __________
酒吧;酒館
葡萄酒;果酒
(一杯)啤酒
燉菜(有肉和蔬菜)
燉；煨
二、核心單詞：寫出英文單詞
1．________ vi.& vt. (使)翻滾；(使)滾動(dòng)　n. 卷(軸)；翻滾
2．________ vt. 問(wèn)候；迎接
3．________ n. 風(fēng)俗；習(xí)俗；習(xí)慣
4．________ n. 人群；一群人；民眾　vt. 擠滿；使……擁擠
roll
greet
custom
crowd
三、拓展單詞：寫出英文單詞，并嘗試寫出其詞性轉(zhuǎn)換(可查字典)
1．________ n. 詩(shī)人→________ n. 詩(shī)；韻文→________ n. 詩(shī)歌
2．________ adj. 感覺(jué)的；感官的→________ n. 感覺(jué)；感官
3．________ adj. 引人注目的；顯著的→________ v. 給(某人以……)印象；撞；打→________ adv. 驚人地；醒目地
4．________ n. 過(guò)渡；轉(zhuǎn)變；變遷→__________ adj. (時(shí)期)過(guò)渡的；過(guò)渡性的
5．____________ n. 成就；成績(jī)；達(dá)到→________ v. (憑長(zhǎng)期努力)達(dá)到(某目標(biāo)、地位、標(biāo)準(zhǔn))；獲得成功
poet
poem
poetry
sensory
sense
striking
strike
strikingly
transition
transitional
achievement
achieve
四、熟詞生義：寫出熟義
stew 熟義：n. ____________________
vt.& vi. _________
生義：vi. 思考；擔(dān)憂
燉菜（有肉和蔬菜）
燉；煨
Affix (prefix/suffix) 含義 例詞
in ________________ ___________, indicate, influence, infinite, inherit
ency ________________ _________, emergency, tendency, agency, efficiency
or 從事某種職業(yè)的人；某地區(qū)/地方的人 __________, doctor, competitor, conqueror, inventor
ant 屬于……的；具有……性質(zhì)的 ___________, important, tolerant, assistant, accordant
五、構(gòu)詞法
不，無(wú)；向內(nèi)
individual
行為，狀況,性質(zhì)
currency
ancestor
descendant
自主學(xué)習(xí) 課文語(yǔ)篇
Ireland's beautiful countryside has always had a great influence on its people and traditions. The country has a long history of producing great writers and poets1. Its beautiful countryside excites and2 inspires all, offering something for each of the senses3. The peaceful landscape of the “Emerald Isle” and4 its many green counties is a true feast for
課文三維剖析
1動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)作________
2連接兩個(gè)并列謂語(yǔ)_______和________
3現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)作_________
4連接兩個(gè)并列賓語(yǔ)_____ ______________________和_______________________
賓語(yǔ)
BEAUTIFUL IRELAND AND ITS TRADITIONS
美麗的愛(ài)爾蘭及其傳統(tǒng)
excites
inspires
伴隨狀語(yǔ)
the “Emerald Isle”
its many green counties
5with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)作__________，rolling是現(xiàn)在分詞作_______，dotted with ... 是過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)作_____________
6連接兩個(gè)并列主語(yǔ)_________和________
7連接兩個(gè)祈使句____________ ___________和______________ __________
the eyes, with its rolling green hills dotted with sheep and cattle5. And down by the sea, the roar of the ocean waves and6 cries of the seabirds make up the music of the coast. On a quiet morning in the mountains, feel the sun on your skin, and7 breathe in the sweet scent of fresh flowers while8 birds greet the new day with their morning song. With all this beauty, it is not surprising that9 Ireland has developed strong traditions that10 include music,
伴隨狀語(yǔ)
定語(yǔ)
賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)
the roar
cries
feel the sun on your skin
breathe in ... flowers
8引導(dǎo)__________從句
9it是__________， that引導(dǎo)的從句是____________
10引導(dǎo)_______從句，修飾先行詞____________
11不定式短語(yǔ)作____________
12引導(dǎo)____________從句
dancing, and dining. To have a chance11 of experiencing this, stop by a village pub and relax with a glass of wine or a local beer. Better yet, enjoy a delicious traditional Irish Beef Stew. If12 you're lucky, you might be able to enjoy some traditional music and dancing, too. And if you introduce yourself to a friendly face, you are more than likely to experience local culture and customs first－h(huán)and.
時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)
形式主語(yǔ)
真正的主語(yǔ)
定語(yǔ)
traditions
目的狀語(yǔ)
條件狀語(yǔ)
一直以來(lái)，愛(ài)爾蘭的美麗鄉(xiāng)村對(duì)當(dāng)?shù)氐娜嗣窈蛡鹘y(tǒng)產(chǎn)生著深遠(yuǎn)的影響。愛(ài)爾蘭有著孕育偉大作家和詩(shī)人的悠久傳統(tǒng)。美麗的鄉(xiāng)村給人以激情和靈感，滿足各種感官享受。“綠寶石(愛(ài)爾蘭)島”風(fēng)光寧?kù)o秀美，郡縣草木蔥蘢，青山連綿起伏，牛羊點(diǎn)綴其中，堪稱一場(chǎng)名副其實(shí)的視覺(jué)盛宴。海邊波浪咆哮，海鳥(niǎo)鳴叫，奏響了海岸交響樂(lè)。山里寧?kù)o的早晨，感受陽(yáng)光灑落在你身上，呼吸著鮮花的芬芳，而鳥(niǎo)兒則用清晨的歌聲迎接新的一天的到來(lái)。這般美景，自然造就了愛(ài)爾蘭獨(dú)特的民間傳統(tǒng)，如音樂(lè)、舞蹈及菜肴等。要想體驗(yàn)這一切，可以去一家鄉(xiāng)村酒吧，喝一杯葡萄酒或本地的啤酒，放松身心。更為美妙的是，可品嘗美味的愛(ài)爾蘭傳統(tǒng)燉牛肉。運(yùn)氣好的話，你還可以欣賞到傳統(tǒng)的音樂(lè)和舞蹈。向友善的當(dāng)?shù)厝俗鰝€(gè)自我介紹，你定能親身體驗(yàn)當(dāng)?shù)氐奈幕土?xí)俗。
(一)愛(ài)爾蘭島的特點(diǎn)
閱讀領(lǐng)悟
its people and traditions
poets
peaceful landscape
strong traditions
(二)請(qǐng)找出和“五感”有關(guān)的課文原句
Sight:_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Hearing:___________________________________________________________________________________________________
Smell & Touch & Hearing: _____________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________________
The peaceful landscape of the “Emerald Isle” and its many green counties is a true feast for the eyes, with its rolling green hills dotted with sheep and cattle.
And down by the sea, the roar of the ocean waves and cries of the seabirds make up the music of the coast.
On a quiet morning in the mountains, feel the sun on your skin, and breathe in the sweet scent of fresh flowers while birds greet the new day with their morning song.
(三)問(wèn)題鏈
1．What makes the Irish countryside exciting and inspiring
__________________________________________________
2．What are the best ways to experience some Irish traditions and culture
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Its beauty and how it offers something for all the senses.
By stopping by a village pub and relaxing with a drink and traditional meal while listening to music and watching dancing./By exploring all different parts of the country and experiencing what the country gives to all the senses.
合作探究 課時(shí)重點(diǎn)
探究一　熱詞
greeting n. 問(wèn)候；招呼；迎接；致意
greet sb with ... 以……迎接/接待某人
be greeted with/by ... 受到……的迎接/接待
give/send (one's) greetings to sb 向某人問(wèn)候
1.greet vt. 問(wèn)候；迎接(教材P44)
（一）高頻詞
【語(yǔ)境感知】
①Bill opened the door to Harold and greeted him with cries of welcome.
比爾給哈羅德開(kāi)了門，歡呼著迎接他。(動(dòng)作描寫)
②The winning team was greeted by cheering crowds.
獲勝的隊(duì)伍受到歡呼的人群的歡迎。
③My mother sends her greetings to you all.
我母親向你們大家問(wèn)好。
【學(xué)會(huì)運(yùn)用】單句語(yǔ)法填空
①As we walked into the house, we _____________ (greet) by a wonderful smell of baking.
②The teacher greeted each child ________ a friendly “Hello！”．
③He nodded his head in ________ (greet)．
【學(xué)會(huì)表達(dá)】翻譯句子
④他們相互致意后便坐下吃午飯。
______________________________________________
were greeted
with
greeting
They exchanged greetings and sat down to lunch.
It is the custom (for sb) to do sth (某人)做某事是習(xí)慣
a local/an ancient custom 當(dāng)?shù)氐?古老的風(fēng)俗
2.custom n. 風(fēng)俗；習(xí)俗；習(xí)慣(教材P44)
【語(yǔ)境感知】
①It was his custom to approach every problem cautiously.
他的習(xí)慣是謹(jǐn)慎地處理每一個(gè)問(wèn)題。(人物描寫)
②The guide offers information on local customs.
導(dǎo)游手冊(cè)介紹了當(dāng)?shù)氐娘L(fēng)俗習(xí)慣。
【學(xué)會(huì)運(yùn)用】單句語(yǔ)法填空
①He has tried to adapt to local ________ (custom)．
②It's the custom for the bride's father ________ (pay) for the wedding.
【學(xué)會(huì)表達(dá)】完成句子
③盡管在國(guó)外生活了多年，他仍然遵守中國(guó)人傳統(tǒng)的風(fēng)俗習(xí)慣。
Though having lived abroad for years, ____________________________________ ____________.
customs
to pay
he still follows the traditional customs of Chinese
follow the crowd 隨大流
a crowd of/crowds of 一群……/成群的……
crowd around/round (...) 聚集在(……)周圍
crowd ... into/onto ... 把……裝滿(或塞滿)……；……使……擁擠
crowd into/onto ... 大批涌入(狹小的空間)
3.crowd n. 人群；一群人；民眾　vt. 擠滿；使……擁擠(教材P46)　
【語(yǔ)境感知】
①He wanted to go unnoticed, to be one of the crowd.
他不想引人注目，只求做個(gè)普通百姓。
②We all crowded around the stove to keep warm.
我們都擠在爐子周圍取暖。(動(dòng)作描寫)
③One group of journalists were crowded into a minibus.
一群記者擠進(jìn)一輛小型公共汽車。
【學(xué)會(huì)運(yùn)用】單句語(yǔ)法填空
①She's quite happy to follow ________ crowd.
②Hundreds of people crowded __________ the church for the funeral.
③Police blocked off the road as hotel staff and guests crowded ______________．
【學(xué)會(huì)表達(dá)】完成句子
④我敢和你打賭，他能在一群人中認(rèn)出她來(lái)。
I bet you he can pick her out of ___________________．
the
into/onto
around/round
a crowd of people
【語(yǔ)境感知】
The poet wrote a beautiful poem that showcased his profound understanding of poetry.
這位詩(shī)人寫了一首優(yōu)美的詩(shī)，展示了他對(duì)詩(shī)歌的深刻理解。
4.poet n. 詩(shī)人→________ n. 詩(shī)；韻文→__________ n. 詩(shī)歌
（二）拓展詞
poem
poetry
【語(yǔ)境感知】
The artist's painting evoked a powerful sensory experience, appealing to my sense of sight and touch.
這位藝術(shù)家的畫作引發(fā)了一種強(qiáng)烈的感官體驗(yàn)，吸引了我的視覺(jué)和觸覺(jué)。
5.sensory adj. 感覺(jué)的；感官的→__________ n. 感覺(jué)；感官
sense
【語(yǔ)境感知】
The striking painting immediately caught my attention, and the colors struck me as strikingly vibrant.
那幅引人注目的畫作立刻吸引了我的注意，而那些顏色在我看來(lái)異常鮮艷。
6.striking adj. 引人注目的；顯著的→_________ v. 給(某人以……)印象；撞；打→_____________ adv. 驚人地；醒目地
strike
strikingly
【語(yǔ)境感知】
During the transitional period, the company made several smooth transitions to adapt to the new market conditions.
在過(guò)渡期間，公司為了適應(yīng)新的市場(chǎng)條件，順利進(jìn)行了幾次轉(zhuǎn)型。
7.transition n. 過(guò)渡；轉(zhuǎn)變；變遷→____________ adj. (時(shí)期)過(guò)渡的；過(guò)渡性的
transitional
【語(yǔ)境感知】
Besides the achievements ranging from economy to architecture, Mr White achieved one success after another in the AI field.
除了從經(jīng)濟(jì)到建筑的成就外，懷特先生還在人工智能領(lǐng)域取得了一個(gè)又一個(gè)的成功。
8.achievement n. 成就；成績(jī)；達(dá)到→__________ v. (憑長(zhǎng)期努力)達(dá)到(某目標(biāo)、地位、標(biāo)準(zhǔn))；獲得成功
achieve
【學(xué)會(huì)運(yùn)用】單句語(yǔ)法填空
①Collin admires those who have made great _________________ (achieve) in the scientific fields.
②Since you are an expert in English ________ (poet), I'd like to invite you to give us a speech on that.
③The new candy shop offers a wide range of ________ (sense) experiences, from the colorful displays to the delicious tastes.
④Her eyes are her most ________ (strike) feature.
【學(xué)會(huì)表達(dá)】完成句子
⑤這座城市正在經(jīng)歷重大轉(zhuǎn)型，向著更加環(huán)保的方向發(fā)展。
The city is undergoing ______________________ as it moves towards becoming more environmentally friendly.
achievements
poetry
sensory
striking
a significant transition
【語(yǔ)境感知】
①The pot of stew on the stove smelled delicious.
爐子上的燉菜聞起來(lái)很美味。
②I've been stewing over the problem for a while.
這個(gè)問(wèn)題我已經(jīng)考慮了一會(huì)兒。
9.stew [熟義] n. 燉菜(有肉和蔬菜) vt.& vi. 燉；煨
[生義] vi. _______________
（三）熟詞生義
思考；擔(dān)憂
【學(xué)會(huì)理解】同義詞替換
①There's no point in stewing over things you can't change. ________________
【學(xué)會(huì)表達(dá)】完成句子
②我喜歡把蔬菜和肉一起燉，做出一頓豐盛的餐食。
I like to ________________________________ to make a hearty meal.
worrying 擔(dān)憂
stew vegetables and meat together
10．The peaceful landscape of the “Emerald Isle” and its many green counties is a true feast for the eyes, with its rolling green hills dotted with sheep and cattle.(教材P44)
“綠寶石(愛(ài)爾蘭)島”風(fēng)光寧?kù)o秀美，郡縣草木蔥蘢，青山連綿起伏，牛羊點(diǎn)綴其中，堪稱一場(chǎng)名副其實(shí)的視覺(jué)盛宴。
探究二　長(zhǎng)難句分析
【分析】　此處運(yùn)用了with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)，即“with＋賓語(yǔ)＋賓補(bǔ)”，在從句中作伴隨狀語(yǔ)。
with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)的幾種形式：
with＋名詞/代詞＋名詞
with＋名詞/代詞＋形容詞
with＋名詞/代詞＋副詞
with＋名詞/代詞＋介詞短語(yǔ)
with＋名詞/代詞＋現(xiàn)在分詞
with＋名詞/代詞＋過(guò)去分詞
with＋名詞/代詞＋動(dòng)詞不定式
【語(yǔ)境感知】
①He kept silent with his face red.
他紅著臉沉默著不說(shuō)話。
②Tom felt lonely with her parents out.
湯姆的父母不在家，他感到很孤單。
③He came out of the library, with a thick book under his arm.
他走出了圖書館，胳膊下夾著一本厚厚的書。
【學(xué)會(huì)運(yùn)用】單句語(yǔ)法填空
①The night is dark, with someone ________ (cry)．
②With my key ________ (lose), I have to look for it.
【學(xué)會(huì)表達(dá)】翻譯句子
③由于有太多的家庭作業(yè)要做，我不能出去。
__________________________________________
④他頭枕著手臂睡著了。
__________________________________________
crying
lost
I can't go out with so much homework to do.
He was asleep with his head on his arms.
對(duì)點(diǎn)練習(xí) 鞏固所學(xué)
a.匹配下列單詞的詞義 b.匹配下列短語(yǔ)的詞義 (___)1.ocean (___)2.feast (___)3.scent (___)4.county (___)5.cattle A．n. 牛 B．n. (英國(guó)、愛(ài)爾蘭的)郡 C．n. 大海；海洋 D．n. 氣味；氣息 E．n. 盛宴；宴會(huì) (___)6.have an influence on ... (___)7.be dotted with ... (___)8.make up (___)9.be likely to do sth (___)10.the sweet scent of ... A．點(diǎn)綴著……
B．很可能做某事
C．對(duì)……有影響
D．組成，構(gòu)成
E．……的芳香
Ⅰ.匹配詞義
C
E
D
B
A
C
A
D
B
E
Ⅱ.默寫單詞
1．________ n. 葡萄酒；果酒
2．________ vi.& n. 吼叫；咆哮
3．________ vi.& vt. (使)翻滾；(使)滾動(dòng)　n. 卷(軸)；翻滾
4．________ vt. 問(wèn)候；迎接
5．________ n. (一杯)啤酒
6．________ n. 風(fēng)俗；習(xí)俗；習(xí)慣
7．________ n. 酒吧；酒館
8．________ n. 人群；一群人；民眾　vt. 擠滿；使……擁擠
9．________ n. 詩(shī)人
10．________ adj. 感覺(jué)的；感官的
wine
roar
roll
greet
beer
custom
pub
crowd
poet
sensory
striking, transition, greet, feast, crowd, custom, sensory, poet
Ⅲ.選詞填空
1．After graduating from high school, I made a smooth ________ into college life.
2．The ________ landscape of the Grand Canyon left a lasting impression on me.
3．The ________ experience of the spa treatment was incredibly relaxing.
4．The ________ words painted a vivid picture in my mind.
5．I ________ my friend with a warm hug when I saw him at the party.
6．The ________ cheered loudly as the winning team walked onto the field.
7．In my culture, it's a ________ to exchange gifts during the holiday season.
8．We celebrated our anniversary with a ________ of delicious foods and drinks.
transition
striking
sensory
poet's
greeted
crowd
custom
feast
Ⅳ.單句語(yǔ)法填空
1．The beautiful ________ (poet) moved me deeply with its heartfelt words.
2．The ________ (break) glass has been thrown outside.
3．The ________ (strike) tall building stands out against the skyline of the city.
4．The manager was satisfied to see many new products ___________ (develop) after great effort.
5．The ________ (sense) experience of the concert was an explosion of sound and color.
6．He greeted all his guests ________ a fixed smile on his face.
7．After the exam, I went through a ___________ (transition) period of relaxation before starting my summer job.
8．It is the custom in that country for women ________ (marry) young.
poem
broken
strikingly
developed
sensory
with
transitional
to marry
Ⅴ.完成表達(dá)
1．____________________ (你可能會(huì)覺(jué)得) anxious and pressured.
2．The art exhibition was ____________________ (視覺(jué)盛宴), featuring beautiful paintings from around the world.
3．As we walked through the forest, we ______________________ (呼吸新鮮的空氣) and enjoyed the peaceful atmosphere.
You're likely to feel
a feast for the eyes
breathed in the fresh air
Ⅵ.完整表達(dá)
1．我當(dāng)學(xué)生時(shí)，他的畫對(duì)我產(chǎn)生過(guò)強(qiáng)烈的影響。(have an influence on)
__________________________________________________
2．晚上吃一些蒸土豆或烤土豆不會(huì)增加你的體重。(過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ))
________________________________________________________________________________
3．她發(fā)現(xiàn)自己被亞洲文化所吸引，于是決定開(kāi)始學(xué)習(xí)漢語(yǔ)。(過(guò)去分詞作賓補(bǔ))
_________________________________________________________________
His paintings had a strong influence on me as a student.
Eating some steamed potatoes or baked potatoes at night will not increase your weight.
She found herself attracted by Asian culture and decided to start learning Chinese.
課后課時(shí)作業(yè)
較易題(占比30%)　中檔題(占比40%)　拔高題(占比30%)
Ⅰ　閱讀
A
(2024·貴州省貴陽(yáng)市第一中學(xué)高一上質(zhì)量監(jiān)測(cè))Toilet paper as we know it today is a relatively modern invention that's only been around for about 150 years. It's natural to wonder what was used before modern toilet paper. Toilet paper in its ancient form dates back to China in at least the 6th century. Although paper itself appeared long before that time.
題號(hào) Ⅰ Ⅱ
A B 難度 ★ ★★ ★★★
In ancient times, many kinds of materials (材料) were used instead of toilet paper. For example, sand was used by people who settled near the desert (沙漠); grass was used by people living in the grassland. Some other things known to have been used included: fur, leaves, rocks, snow, and so on. Of course, it wasn't uncommon for people to go to the bathroom in a small river.
They might have used a cloth or their hands to clean themselves afterward. For many people, that might have been preferable to the method used by ancient Romans: a sponge (海綿) on a stick kept in saltwater.
Luckily for us, Joseph Gayetty created the first toilet paper in 1857. His “Gayetty's Medicated Paper” didn't become popular soon, however, since the public was used to using materials they got for free rather than spending money on toilet paper. The rolled toilet paper we're familiar with today appeared in the 1880s. It wasn't necessarily soft like we're now used to, though. Paper production methods would often leave splinters (刺) in toilet paper. It wasn't until 1935 that Northern Tissue said they had made “splinter free” toilet paper.
Other improvements in toilet paper happened over the course of the 20th century. Larger rolls with softer paper became more popular. Today, take a trip to your local supermarket and you will find many different kinds of toilet paper. For such a widely used, necessary invention, it isn't given much thought ... until it runs out!
篇章導(dǎo)讀：本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章介紹了廁紙發(fā)明前后的情況。
篇章導(dǎo)讀
1．What might decide which material ancient people used after using the bathroom？(　　)
A．What they did.
B．Where they lived.
C．How old they were.
D．How long they used the bathroom.
解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“For example ... in the grassland.”可知，古人就地取材來(lái)解決如廁后的清潔問(wèn)題，即在古代，如廁后用什么材料取決于人們生活在哪里。故選B。
答案
解析
2．Why was Gayetty's Medicated Paper unpopular at first？(　　)
A．Because the paper had splinters.
B．Because the paper couldn't be shared.
C．Because people didn't want to pay for it.
D．Because people preferred rolled toilet paper.
解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中的“His ‘Gayetty's Medicated Paper’ ... on toilet paper.”可知，由于人們不習(xí)慣花錢買廁紙，所以Gayetty's Medicated Paper一開(kāi)始并不流行。故選C。
答案
解析
3．How does the text mainly develop？(　　)
A．By providing examples.
B．By making comparisons.
C．By telling an interesting story.
D．By following the order of time.
解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)文中依次出現(xiàn)的“in at least the 6th century”“In ancient times” “in 1857” “in the 1880s” “until 1935” “the 20th century”和“Today”可推知，本文主要按照時(shí)間順序展開(kāi)。故選D。
答案
解析
4．What would be the best title for the text？(　　)
A．A great invention—toilet paper
B．Why was toilet paper invented
C．Toilet paper vs water: which to choose
D．What did people use before toilet paper
解析：標(biāo)題判斷題。通讀全文可知，作者介紹了廁紙的發(fā)明史，并指出這是一項(xiàng)廣泛使用的、必要的發(fā)明。A項(xiàng)(一個(gè)偉大的發(fā)明——廁紙)最適合作為文章標(biāo)題。故選A。
答案
解析
B
(2024·廣東省東莞市東華高級(jí)中學(xué)高一上月考)The story about horses in North America told in several written histories is in need of an update, according to a new study. After examining archaeological remains (遺骸) of horses, researchers suggest indigenous peoples (土著居民) had spread the animals through the American West by the first half of the 1600s—before they met Europeans.
The findings agree with oral histories from indigenous groups, which tell of interactions (相互作用) with horses before settlers arrived in their homelands. Meanwhile, written European texts from the 1700s and 1800s stated that horses only spread through the area after 1680.
Horses first appeared in the Americas around four million years ago, but by about 10，000 years ago, they had mostly disappeared from the record. Spanish settlers likely first brought horses back to the Americas in 1519. According to the new study, indigenous peoples then transported horses north along trade networks.
To find when the animals spread, researchers examined the remains of more than twenty horses discovered across the Western US. Rather than simply walking around the countryside on their own, the horses appear to have been part of native American culture. Signs of teeth problems on one horse and growths on the bones of the head of another suggested people had put bridles (馬勒) on the animals. Certain chemical elements in the animals' teeth suggested they ate maize, an indigenous plant. And another horse had a previously broken facial bone that had fully recovered, meaning it might have received medical treatment.
Researchers compared the ancient horses' DNA with that of modern horses and found that the centuries old horses had largely Spanish origins.
Together, the findings suggest horses spread “from Spanish settlements in the American Southwest to the northern Rockies and central Great Plains by the first half of the 17th century.”
The findings also highlight the importance of indigenous oral traditions in understanding history. “Our cultures have been so misunderstood for so long，” says co author Yvette Collin. “Too often history has been told around us, without us.”
篇章導(dǎo)讀：本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。研究表明，是土著居民將馬帶到了美國(guó)西部，這重新改寫了美國(guó)馬的歷史。
篇章導(dǎo)讀
5．What needs to be updated according to the new study？(　　)
A．When horses showed up in the Americas.
B．Who introduced horses to North America.
C．When Native Americans first met Europeans.
D．Who spread horses through the American West.
解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段內(nèi)容可知，新的研究表明，是土著居民將馬傳播到了美國(guó)西部。故選D。
答案
解析
6．What did researchers find out about ancient horses from the remains？(　　)
A．They had hardly any Spanish origins.
B．They were born with tooth disease.
C．They played a role in natives' life.
D．They were badly treated by natives.
解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段中的“To find ... native American culture.”可知，研究人員通過(guò)研究馬的遺骸發(fā)現(xiàn)了馬似乎已經(jīng)成為美洲原住民文化的一部分，它們被戴上了馬勒、吃玉米并可能接受過(guò)治療，由此可推知，馬在當(dāng)?shù)厝说纳钪邪l(fā)揮著作用。故選C。
答案
解析
7．What does Collin think of oral histories？(　　)
A．They spread easily.
B．They show the truth.
C．They pass down traditions.
D．They unite indigenous groups.
解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段內(nèi)容可知，研究結(jié)果還強(qiáng)調(diào)了土著口述傳統(tǒng)在理解歷史方面的重要性。Yvette Collin (伊維特·科林)提到歷史經(jīng)常在我們身邊被講述，由此可推知，Collin認(rèn)為土著口述歷史展示了真相。故選B。
答案
解析
8．What is the best title for the text？(　　)
A．Written texts explain human horse interactions
B．Oral histories help us understand indigenous cultures
C．New research rewrites the history of American horses
D．Archaeological remains are the key to learning about the past
解析：標(biāo)題判斷題。通讀全文可知，一項(xiàng)新的研究表明，是土著居民將馬帶到了美國(guó)西部，這重新改寫了美國(guó)馬的歷史，C項(xiàng)(新研究改寫了美國(guó)馬的歷史)最適合作為文章標(biāo)題。故選C。
答案
解析
Ⅱ　應(yīng)用文寫作
(2024·貴州省黔西南州金成實(shí)驗(yàn)學(xué)校高一上質(zhì)量檢測(cè))假定你是李華，聽(tīng)聞中國(guó)日?qǐng)?bào)(China Daily)為了宣傳中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)文化，正在招募志愿者向海外介紹中國(guó)著名歷史文化景點(diǎn)(historical and cultural attractions)，你很想?yún)⒓哟舜涡麄骰顒?dòng)，請(qǐng)你就此給報(bào)社寫一封英文申請(qǐng)信。內(nèi)容包括：
1．寫信目的；
2．自薦理由；
3．申請(qǐng)參與。
注意：1.寫作詞數(shù)應(yīng)為80個(gè)左右；
2．可以適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，以使行文連貫。
Dear Sir/Madam,
﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍
Yours,
Li Hua
[精彩范文]
Dear Sir/Madam，
I'm Li Hua, a Senior one student. Learning that China Daily is in need of some volunteers to introduce Chinese traditional culture to foreigners, I can't wait to apply to be one.
To begin with, not only am I outgoing, but also I am enthusiastic, which helps me get along well with others. What's more, I have such a good command of English that I can introduce Chinese historical and cultural attractions to the whole world fluently. At last, with my previous experiences of being a volunteer, I hold the firm belief that I am the right person for the job.
答案
I would appreciate it if you could take my application into consideration. Looking forward to your reply soon.
Yours,
Li Hua
答案
本單元的寫作任務(wù)是描述一個(gè)美麗或不尋常的地方，屬于地點(diǎn)或景點(diǎn)介紹類文章。寫作時(shí)要注意：(1)理清與寫作主題有關(guān)的地理位置、氣候、面積、人口等內(nèi)容；(2)時(shí)態(tài)通常使用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)；(3)人稱以第一人稱和第三人稱為主；(4)文章的開(kāi)頭部分引出所介紹的內(nèi)容；(5)正文詳細(xì)描述該地點(diǎn)或景點(diǎn)的特色；(6)結(jié)束語(yǔ)可加上自己的評(píng)論。
單元寫作
單元寫作——描述一個(gè)美麗或不尋常的地方
Have you ever heard ________ (地點(diǎn)) I'd like to tell you what ________ (地點(diǎn)) is like.
It is located in ________ (具體位置) and covers ________ (面積). Having many famous tourist attractions, such as ________ (具體景點(diǎn)), it appeals lots of people to visit. ________ (景點(diǎn)特色). And it has ________(歷史意義/故事)．
In a word, ________ (地點(diǎn)) is well worth a visit.
※開(kāi)頭常用句式
1．With its pleasant climate, rich natural resources and beautiful scenery, ... is one of China's major tourist cities.
氣候宜人，自然資源豐富，風(fēng)景秀麗，……是中國(guó)主要的旅游城市之一。
2．It enjoys worldwide fame for its beautiful scenery.
該地因其美麗的風(fēng)景而蜚聲國(guó)際。
3．It has become the most popular tourist attraction since ...
自從……以來(lái)，它已成為最受歡迎的旅游景點(diǎn)。
※主體段落常用句式
1．Beijing, covering an area of about 16，410 square kilometers, is located in the north of China with a population of about 21，530，000.
北京，占地面積約16，410平方公里，位于中國(guó)北方，人口約2，153萬(wàn)。
2．It enjoys warm winters and cool summers and has lots of rainfall throughout the year.
該地冬暖夏涼，全年雨量充沛。
3．It has many places of interest, such as the Elizabeth Tower and Royal Greenwich Observatory.
它有許多名勝古跡，如伊麗莎白塔和皇家格林尼治天文臺(tái)。
4．Not only is it an ancient city with a long history, but it is a place of cultural significance.
它不僅是一座歷史悠久的古城，而且是一個(gè)具有文化意義的地方。
5．Its capital is London, which is well－known as the City of Fog.
它的首都是倫敦，是眾所周知的霧都。
6．The Great Wall is a must to visit. As the proverb goes, “One who fails to reach the Great Wall is not a hero.”
長(zhǎng)城是必游之地。俗話說(shuō)：“不到長(zhǎng)城非好漢。”
※結(jié)尾常用句式
1．A trip to the Palace Museum will enable you to get to know the history of China.
參觀故宮博物院能夠讓你了解中國(guó)的歷史。
2．The village is worth a return visit.
這個(gè)村莊值得再次光顧。
3．If I have a chance, I want to experience the local culture.
如果有機(jī)會(huì)，我想去體驗(yàn)一下當(dāng)?shù)氐奈幕?br/>假定你是李華，你班英語(yǔ)老師要求你們寫一篇文章，介紹一處曾游覽過(guò)的歷史古跡，內(nèi)容包括：
1．歷史古跡的名稱和地點(diǎn)；
2．游覽該古跡的所見(jiàn)所感。
注意：1.寫作詞數(shù)應(yīng)為80個(gè)左右；
2．可以適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，以使行文連貫。
﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍ ﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍
[精彩范文]
Last summer vacation, I took a tour of the Old Town of Lijiang in Yunnan, home to the ancient Dongba culture.
I walked around the town, enjoying the local culture and attractions such as the big water wheels, the classic Naxi dance on Square Street, and the amazing Dongba writing system. “Tian Yu Liu Fang”， which means “Let's read” in the Naxi language, inspires me most as it conveys Naxi people's love and respect for knowledge.
I was fascinated by the Old Town of Lijiang, where nature and human wisdom coexist in harmony with each other.
答案

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