資源簡介

Section Ⅰ　TOPIC TALK & LESSON 1
Period 1　 單元詞匯表
1．_________vt．破壞；毀掉 2．_________vi．& vt．轉換，改變 3．_________vi．& vt．獵取，獵殺 4．_________adj．大量的 5．_________adj．各種各樣的，形形色色的 6．_________n．減少；減少的量vi．& vt．減少 7．_________vt．責怪，指責 8．_________vt．影響 9．_________vt．(使)恢復 10．plastic adj．________ 11．mining n．________ 12．item n．________ 13．species n．________ 14．wipe vt．_________ 15．solar adj．_________ 16．hatch vi．& vt．_________ 1．No one was injured in the explosion，but the building_________ (destroy) completely． 2．Do you remember_________ (switch) the lights off before we came out 3．_________(hunt) was one of Italy's most popular sports，according to the survey carried out last year． 4．It is reported that fatal road accidents_________ (decrease) in frequency over recent years． 5．An ice storm in the Northeast is_________ (blame) for many of those problems． 6．A child's behaviour can_________ (affect) by his unhappy home environment． 7．The measures are intended_________ (restore) public confidence in the economy． 8．The hen must find a warm place_________ (hatch) her eggs．
1．conserve v．保存；保護；保藏→_________n．保護→_________adj．保守的；守舊的 2．recycle vi．& vt．再利用，回收利用→_________adj．可回收利用的→_________adj．不可回收的 3．threat n．威脅；(災難等壞事)發生的可能→_________v．威脅；恐嚇；危及→_________adj．威脅的 4．inform vt．通知；告知→_________n．信息→_________adj．有教育意義的；知識性強的 5．legal adj．合法的→_________adv．合法地→_________adv．非法地，違法地 6．extinct adj．滅絕的，絕種的→_________n．滅絕；絕種；消亡 7．incredible adj．極好的；難以置信的→_________adv．非常地，極端地 8．urge v．催促；敦促；力勸；強烈要求→_________adj．緊急的，急迫的→_________n．緊迫；急迫；緊急的事 9．usual adj．經常的，通常的；尋常的，慣常的→_________adj．異常的；不平常的 10．vary v．變化；不同→_________adj．各種各樣的，形形色色的→_________n．變化；品種；種類；多樣化 11．endanger vt．危及，使遭受危險→_________adj．瀕危的 1．He was interested in wildlife_________ and he proposed the local government should introduce some tough new laws_____________ wildlife in the area．(conserve) 2．_________materials must be_________ in order to protect our environment．(recycle) 3．The situation could worsen if storms move north and_________ (threat) winter grain supplies． 4．We do not have any more_________ (inform) at the present time． 5．Suppose you satisfy your desire_________ (legally)，don't you think that you will be punished for that？ 6．An operation is beginning to try to save a species of crocodile from_________ (extinct)． 7．He lives a very simple life for a person who has become_________ (incredible) rich． 8．I am afraid you have not realised the_________ (urgent) of the matter． 9．He leads a full and_________ life and he often goes to the club nearby，which provides a wide_________ of activities including tennis，swimming and basketball．(vary) 10．It won't have escaped your notice that I've been_________ (unusual) busy in the past week． 11．Look out! There are some dangerous animals in the area，including North Atlantic right whale，which is an_________ (endanger) species．
1．_____________起某種作用 2．_____________盡自己的職責 3．_____________徹底毀滅 4．_____________(對某事)負有責任 5．_____________消失；絕跡，滅絕 6．_____________處境危險，受到威脅 7．_____________采取行動 8．_____________簡而言之 1．If we don't solve the problem of global warming，our next generation will_____________． 2．Every one of us_____________ in protecting the environment． 3．The disease threatens to_____________ the entire population． 4．Alone in his room，he asked himself whether he_____________ for the accident． 5．There are new uses of words coming in and old uses_____________．
由新知聯想已知
1．conservation n．保護 [聯想]?、賞rotection n．保護 ②defence n．保護；防衛 2．die out 消失；絕跡，滅絕 [聯想]　①disappear v．消失；不見；滅絕 ②die from 死于；因……而死 ③die of 因……死；死于 3．decrease n．減少；減少的量vi．& vt．減少 [聯想]?、賠educe vt．減少 ②fall vi．減少 ③cut down減少 4．endangered adj．瀕危的 [聯想]?、賒angerous adj．危險的 ②in danger 處于危險之中
第一篇課文
①entire species整個物種
②wipe out徹底毀滅
③unusual adj．異常的；不平常的
④in fact事實上
⑤the third mass extinction第三次生物大滅絕
⑥known as以……而著稱
⑦varied adj．各種各樣的，形形色色的
⑧according to根據
⑨volcanic eruptions火山噴發
⑩asteroid n．小行星
the decrease of the oxygen content含氧量下降
global warming全球變暖
human activity人類活動
be to blame (對某事)負有責任
die out 消失；絕跡，滅絕
cause for concern令人擔心的原因
due to natural causes由于自然原因
that is即
a long list of reasons很多原因
factory farming工業化種植
overfishing n．過度捕撈
negatively affect all other species對所有其他物種都有負面影響
study the issue研究這個問題
up to three quarters of多達四分之三的……
depend on依靠
be at risk of處于……的危險或威脅中
the balance in nature自然平衡
have no air to breathe沒有可以呼吸的空氣
be unable to survive無法生存
take action采取行動
take steps to do．．．采取措施做……
save endangered species拯救瀕危物種
set up special areas建立特別保護區
natural sources of energy天然能源
solar energy太陽能
in short簡而言之
stop destroying the planet停止破壞星球
only five black robins left只剩下5只黑知更鳥
off the coast of New Zealand離新西蘭海岸不遠
lay eggs下蛋
wildlife workers野生動物工作者
begin a programme for開始……的計劃
hatch vi．& vt．(使)孵化
take care of the chicks照顧雛鳥
thanks to their efforts由于他們的努力
restore their habitats恢復它們的棲息地
THE SIXTH EXTINCTION
Extinctions，where entire species① are wiped out②(1)，are not unusual③ in our Earth's history．In fact④，over 90 percent of all species that ever lived(2) are now extinct．In the last 500 million years，there have been five times when life on Earth has almost ended(3)．These include the third mass extinction⑤，known as⑥ the “Great Dying”，which killed 90% to 96% of all species(4)．And the fifth event，which occurred 66 million years ago(5)，caused the death of the dinosaurs．The reasons for extinctions are varied⑦．According to⑧ scientists，they include volcanic eruptions⑨，asteroids⑩ hitting the Earth from space，changes in sea levels，the decrease of the oxygen content of the sea and global warming ．Many scientists say we are now entering the Earth's sixth mass extinction(6)．This time，human activity will be to blame ．
(1)where引導非限制性定語從句，修飾先行詞Extinctions。
(2)that引導限制性定語從句，修飾先行詞species。
(3)when引導限制性定語從句，修飾先行詞five times。
(4)which引導非限制性定語從句，修飾先行詞the third mass extinction。
(5)which引導非限制性定語從句，修飾先行詞the fifth event。
(6)該句為省略that的賓語從句。
Although it is not unusual for species to die out naturally，the rate at which this is now happening is cause for concern ．(7) A 2015 study by scientists who were based at Brown University and Duke University in the US，looked at how quickly species die out due to natural causes ，that is ，the “background extinction rate”．(8) They found that human activity is causing species to die out 1，000 times faster than normal(9)．There is a long list of reasons why so many species are dying out(10)：air and water pollution，forests being destroyed，factory farming and overfishing ．It is clear that human activity has negatively affected all other species on Earth，including animals and plants．(11)
(7)句中Although引導讓步狀語從句；at which．．．happening為限制性定語從句，修飾先行詞the rate。
(8)句中who．．．the US為限制性定語從句，修飾先行詞scientists；how．．．natural causes為賓語從句。
(9)that引導賓語從句。
(10)why引導限制性定語從句，修飾先行詞reasons。
(11)It為形式主語，真正的主語為后面的that從句。
If a sixth mass extinction occurs，scientists who have studied the issue believe that up to three quarters of all species on Earth could die out．(12) Of course，as we humans depend on so many species for our survival(13)，we would also be at risk of dying out．Our world and our lives depend on the balance in nature between animals and plants．Without forests，we would have no air to breathe ，and without clean water we would be unable to survive ．
(12)句中If引導條件狀語從句；who．．．the issue為限制性定語從句，修飾先行詞scientists；that．．．die out為賓語從句。
(13)as引導原因狀語從句。
Can a sixth extinction be avoided？Experts say that it is not yet too late，if we take action now．(14)This would mean we have to significantly change the way we live(15)．For example，we need to take steps to save endangered species ，including setting up special areas where plants and animals can be protected(16)．We need to change how we work and travel by using cleaner，more natural sources of energy ，such as wind and solar energy (17)．We also need to improve our farming methods to reduce water，air and land pollution．In short ，if we want to survive，we need to stop destroying the planet that we live on and start to protect it．(18)
(14)句中that引導賓語從句；if we take action now為條件狀語從句。
(15)該句為省略that的賓語從句，其中we live為限制性定語從句，修飾先行詞the way。
(16)where引導限制性定語從句，修飾先行詞special areas。
(17)how引導賓語從句。
(18)句中if引導條件狀語從句；that we live on為限制性定語從句，修飾先行詞the planet。
The Black Robin
Black robins are the birds that humans saved from extinction(19)．In 1980，there were only five black robins left in the world．They all lived on a small island off the coast of New Zealand ．Only one of those birds，a female called Old Blue，was able to lay eggs ．Wildlife workers began a programme for raising black robin chicks．They protected Old Blue's eggs，helped them to hatch ，and took care of the chicks ．Thanks to their efforts ，there are now more than 250 black robins，and the population is spreading．To help them survive，people are restoring their habitats and removing small animals that hunt them，such as mice and cats from the islands where they live．(20)
(19)that引導限制性定語從句，修飾先行詞the birds。
(20)句中that hunt them為限制性定語從句，修飾先行詞small animals；where they live也是限制性定語從句，修飾先行詞the islands。
第六次生物大滅絕
物種滅絕，即某個物種的完全消失，在地球的歷史上并不罕見。事實上，曾經存在過的物種超過90%現在都已經滅絕。在過去的5億年里，地球上的生命有5次幾乎滅絕。其中包括第三次生物大滅絕，即所謂的“大滅絕”，導致90%到96%的物種滅絕。發生在6 600萬年前的第五次滅絕事件導致了恐龍的滅亡。滅絕的原因多種多樣?？茖W家們認為，造成物種滅絕的原因包括火山噴發、小行星從太空撞擊地球、海平面高度改變、海水中含氧量下降和全球變暖等。許多科學家說，我們現在正在進入地球的第六次大滅絕。這一次，人類活動將是罪魁禍首。
雖然物種的自然滅絕并不罕見，但現在滅絕的速度讓人擔憂。美國布朗大學和杜克大學的科學家們于2015年進行了一項研究，考察了自然原因導致物種滅絕的速度，即“背景滅絕率”。他們發現，人類活動導致物種滅絕的速度是正常情況下的1 000倍。造成如此多的物種滅絕的原因有很多：空氣和水污染、森林被破壞、工業化種植和過度捕撈。很明顯，人類活動已經對地球上所有其他物種產生了負面影響，包括動物和植物。
研究這個問題的科學家們認為，如果第六次大滅絕發生，地球上多達四分之三的物種可能就會滅絕。當然，由于我們人類依靠如此多的物種生存，我們也將面臨滅絕的風險。我們的世界和我們的生活依賴于動物和植物之間的自然平衡。沒有森林，我們就沒有可以呼吸的空氣，沒有干凈的水，我們就無法生存。
第六次物種滅絕可以避免嗎？專家們說，如果我們現在就采取行動，還為時不晚。這意味著我們必須顯著地改變我們的生活方式。例如，我們需要采取措施拯救瀕危物種，包括建立特別保護區，在這里動植物可以得到保護。我們需要通過使用更清潔、更天然的能源來改變工作和旅行的方式，如風能和太陽能。我們還需要改進我們的耕作方法，以減少對水、空氣和土地的污染。簡而言之，如果我們想要生存，我們需要停止破壞我們賴以生存的星球，并開始保護它。
黑知更鳥
黑知更鳥是人類從滅絕中拯救出來的鳥類。1980年，世界上只剩下5只黑知更鳥。它們都生活在離新西蘭海岸不遠的一個小島上。其中只有一只名叫老布魯的雌鳥能下蛋。野生動物工作者開始了飼養黑知更鳥雛鳥的計劃。他們保護老布魯的蛋，幫助它們孵化并照顧雛鳥。由于他們的努力，現在有了250多只黑知更鳥，而且數量還在增加。為了幫助它們生存，人們正在恢復它們的棲息地，并將捕食它們的小動物，如老鼠和貓，從它們生活的島嶼上趕走。
Period 1
速記·重點詞匯——牢記詞形和詞義
1．destroy　2．switch　3．hunt　4．mass　5．varied　6．decrease　7．blame　8．affect　9．restore　10．塑料制的　11．采礦業　12．一項，一條　13．物種，種　14．擦；拭　15．太陽光(能)的　16．(使)孵化
運用·語境填空——測試一下基本功
1．was destroyed　2．switching　3．Hunting　4．have decreased
5．to blame　6．be affected　7．to restore　8．to hatch
速記·派生詞匯——牢記詞形和詞義
1．conservation；conservative　2．recyclable；unrecyclable　3．threaten；threatening　4．information；informative
5．legally；illegally　6．extinction　7．incredibly　8．urgent；urgency　9．unusual　10．varied；variety　11．endangered
運用·語境填空——測試一下基本功
1．conservation；to conserve　2．Recyclable；recycled　3．threaten　4．information　5．illegally　6．extinction　7．incredibly　8．urgency　9．varied；variety　10．unusually　11．endangered
速記·重點短語——記牢搭配和意義
1．have a role　2．do one's part　3．wipe out　4．be to blame　5．die out　6．be at risk　7．take action　8．in short
運用·語境填空——測試一下基本功
1．be at risk　2．has a role　3．wipe out　4．was to blame　5．dying out
1 / 9(共39張PPT)
復習任務群一
現代文閱讀Ⅰ
把握共性之“新”　打通應考之“脈”
UNIT 3　CONSERVATION
主題語境 人與自然——人類生存、社會發展與環境的關系
Period 1　課時練案 單元詞匯表
Section Ⅰ　TOPIC TALK & LESSON 1
1．_______ vt．破壞；毀掉
2．______ vi．& vt．轉換，改變
3．____ vi．& vt．獵取，獵殺
4．____ adj．大量的
5．______ adj．各種各樣的，形形色色的
6．________ n．減少；減少的量vi．& vt．減少
7．_____ vt．責怪，指責
8．______ vt．影響
destroy
switch
hunt
mass
varied
decrease
blame
affect
9．______ vt．(使)恢復
10．plastic adj．________
11．mining n．______
12．item n．__________
13．species n．________
14．wipe vt．______
15．solar adj．______________
16．hatch vi．& vt．__________
restore
塑料制的
采礦業
一項，一條
物種，種
擦；拭
太陽光(能)的
(使)孵化
1．No one was injured in the explosion，but the building ______________ (destroy) completely．
2．Do you remember _________ (switch) the lights off before we came out
3．_______ (hunt) was one of Italy's most popular sports，according to the survey carried out last year．
4．It is reported that fatal road accidents _____________ (decrease) in frequency over recent years．
was destroyed
switching
Hunting
have decreased
5．An ice storm in the Northeast is _________ (blame) for many of those problems．
6．A child's behaviour can ____________ (affect) by his unhappy home environment．
7．The measures are intended ___________ (restore) public confidence in the economy．
8．The hen must find a warm place _________ (hatch) her eggs．
to blame
be affected
to restore
to hatch
1．conserve v．保存；保護；保藏→____________ n．保護→____________ adj．保守的；守舊的
2．recycle vi．& vt．再利用，回收利用→__________ adj．可回收利用的→____________ adj．不可回收的
3．threat n．威脅；(災難等壞事)發生的可能→________ v．威脅；恐嚇；危及→___________ adj．威脅的
conservation
conservative
recyclable
unrecyclable
threaten
threatening
1．He was interested in wildlife ____________ and he proposed the local government should introduce some tough new laws ____________ wildlife in the area．(conserve)
2．__________ materials must be ________ in order to protect our environment．(recycle)
3．The situation could worsen if storms move north and ________ (threat) winter grain supplies．
conservation
to conserve
Recyclable
recycled
threaten
4．inform vt．通知；告知→___________ n．信息→___________ adj．有教育意義的；知識性強的
5．legal adj．合法的→_______ adv．合法地→_________ adv．非法地，違法地
6．extinct adj．滅絕的，絕種的→__________ n．滅絕；絕種；消亡
7．incredible adj．極好的；難以置信的→__________ adv．非常地，極端地
information
informative
legally
illegally
extinction
incredibly
8．urge v．催促；敦促；力勸；強烈要求→______ adj．緊急的，急迫的→_______ n．緊迫；急迫；緊急的事
9．usual adj．經常的，通常的；尋常的，慣常的→_______ adj．異常的；不平常的
10．vary v．變化；不同→______ adj．各種各樣的，形形色色的→_______ n．變化；品種；種類；多樣化
11．endanger vt．危及，使遭受危險→__________ adj．瀕危的
urgent
urgency
unusual
varied
variety
endangered
4．We do not have any more ___________ (inform) at the present time．
5．Suppose you satisfy your desire _________ (legally)，don't you think that you will be punished for that？
6．An operation is beginning to try to save a species of crocodile from __________ (extinct)．
information
illegally
extinction
7．He lives a very simple life for a person who has become __________ (incredible) rich．
8．I am afraid you have not realised the _______ (urgent) of the matter．
9．He leads a full and ______ life and he often goes to the club nearby，which provides a wide _______ of activities including tennis，swimming and basketball．(vary)
incredibly
urgency
varied
variety
10．It won't have escaped your notice that I've been _________ (unusual) busy in the past week．
11．Look out! There are some dangerous animals in the area，including North Atlantic right whale，which is an _________ (endanger) species．
unusually
endangered
1．_____________ 起某種作用
2．________________ 盡自己的職責
3．_________ 徹底毀滅
4．_____________ (對某事)負有責任
5．________ 消失；絕跡，滅絕
6．____________ 處境危險，受到威脅
7．____________ 采取行動
8．_________ 簡而言之
have a role
do one's part
wipe out
be to blame
die out
be at risk
take action
in short
1．If we don't solve the problem of global warming，our next generation will ____________．
2．Every one of us ____________ in protecting the environment．
3．The disease threatens to _________ the entire population．
4．Alone in his room，he asked himself whether he ____________ for the accident．
5．There are new uses of words coming in and old uses __________．
be at risk
has a role
wipe out
was to blame
dying out
1．conservation n．保護
[聯想]?、賞rotection n．保護
②defence n．保護；防衛
2．die out 消失；絕跡，滅絕
[聯想]　①disappear v．消失；不見；滅絕
②die from 死于；因……而死
③die of 因……死；死于
由新知聯想已知
3．decrease n．減少；減少的量vi．& vt．減少
[聯想]?、賠educe vt．減少
②fall vi．減少
③cut down減少
4．endangered adj．瀕危的
[聯想]　①dangerous adj．危險的
②in danger 處于危險之中
第一篇課文
①entire species整個物種
②wipe out徹底毀滅
③unusual adj．異常的；不平常的
④in fact事實上
⑤the third mass extinction第三次生物大滅絕
⑥known as以……而著稱
⑦varied adj．各種各樣的，形形色色的
⑧according to根據
⑨volcanic eruptions火山噴發
⑩asteroid n．小行星
the decrease of the oxygen content含氧量下降
global warming全球變暖
human activity人類活動
be to blame (對某事)負有責任
die out 消失；絕跡，滅絕
cause for concern令人擔心的原因
due to natural causes由于自然原因
that is即
a long list of reasons很多原因
factory farming工業化種植
overfishing n．過度捕撈
negatively affect all other species對所有其他物種都有負面影響
study the issue研究這個問題
up to three quarters of多達四分之三的……
depend on依靠
be at risk of處于……的危險或威脅中
the balance in nature自然平衡
have no air to breathe沒有可以呼吸的空氣
be unable to survive無法生存
take action采取行動
take steps to do…采取措施做……
save endangered species拯救瀕危物種
set up special areas建立特別保護區
natural sources of energy天然能源
solar energy太陽能
in short簡而言之
stop destroying the planet停止破壞星球
only five black robins left只剩下5只黑知更鳥
off the coast of New Zealand離新西蘭海岸不遠
lay eggs下蛋
wildlife workers野生動物工作者
begin a programme for開始……的計劃
hatch vi．& vt．(使)孵化
take care of the chicks照顧雛鳥
thanks to their efforts由于他們的努力
restore their habitats恢復它們的棲息地
THE SIXTH EXTINCTION
Extinctions，where entire species① are wiped out②(1)，are not unusual③ in our Earth's history．In fact④，over 90 percent of all species that ever lived(2) are now extinct．In the last 500 million years，there have been five times when life on Earth has almost ended(3)．These include the third mass extinction⑤，known as⑥ the “Great Dying”，which killed 90% to 96% of all species(4)．And the fifth event，which occurred 66 million years ago(5)，caused the death
of the dinosaurs．The reasons for extinctions are varied⑦．According to⑧ scientists，they include volcanic eruptions⑨，asteroids⑩ hitting the Earth from space，changes in sea levels，the decrease of the oxygen content of the sea and global warming ．Many scientists say we are now entering the Earth's sixth mass extinction(6)．This time，human activity will be to blame ．
(1)where引導非限制性定語從句，修飾先行詞Extinctions。
(2)that引導限制性定語從句，修飾先行詞species。
(3)when引導限制性定語從句，修飾先行詞five times。
(4)which引導非限制性定語從句，修飾先行詞the third mass extinction。
(5)which引導非限制性定語從句，修飾先行詞the fifth event。
(6)該句為省略that的賓語從句。
Although it is not unusual for species to die out naturally，the rate at which this is now happening is cause for concern ．(7) A 2015 study by scientists who were based at Brown University and Duke University in the US，looked at how quickly species die out due to natural causes ，that is ，the “background extinction rate”．(8) They found that human activity is causing species to die out 1，000 times faster than normal(9)．There is a long list of reasons why so many species are dying out(10)：air and water pollution，forests being destroyed，factory farming and overfishing ．It is clear that human activity has negatively affected all other species on Earth，including animals and plants．(11)
(7)句中Although引導讓步狀語從句；at which… happening為限制性定語從句，修飾先行詞the rate。
(8)句中who… the US為限制性定語從句，修飾先行詞scientists；how… natural causes為賓語從句。
(9)that引導賓語從句。
(10)why引導限制性定語從句，修飾先行詞reasons。
(11)It為形式主語，真正的主語為后面的that從句。
If a sixth mass extinction occurs，scientists who have studied the issue believe that up to three quarters of all species on Earth could die out．(12) Of course，as we humans depend on so many species for our survival(13)，we would also be at risk of dying out．Our world and our lives depend on the balance in nature between animals and plants．Without forests，we would have no air to breathe ，and without clean water we would be unable to survive ．
(12) 句中If引導條件狀語從句；who…the issue為限制性定語從句，修飾先行詞scientists；that…die out為賓語從句。
(13)as引導原因狀語從句。
Can a sixth extinction be avoided？Experts say that it is not yet too late，if we take action now．(14)This would mean we have to significantly change the way we live(15)．For example，we need to take steps to save endangered species ，including setting up special areas where plants and animals can be protected(16)．We need to change how we work and travel by using cleaner，more natural sources of energy ，such as wind and solar energy (17)．We also need to improve our farming methods to reduce water，air and land pollution．In short ，if we want to survive，we need to stop destroying the planet that we live on and start to protect it．(18)
(14)句中that引導賓語從句；if we take action now為條件狀語從句。
(15)該句為省略that的賓語從句，其中we live為限制性定語從句，修飾先行詞the way。
(16)where引導限制性定語從句，修飾先行詞special areas。
(17)how引導賓語從句。
(18)句中if引導條件狀語從句；that we live on為限制性定語從句，修飾先行詞the planet。
The Black Robin
Black robins are the birds that humans saved from extinction(19)．In 1980，there were only five black robins left in the world．They all lived on a small island off the coast of New Zealand ．Only one of those birds，a female called Old Blue，was able to lay eggs ．Wildlife workers began a programme for raising black robin chicks．They protected Old Blue's eggs，helped them to hatch ，and took care of the chicks ．Thanks to their efforts ，there are now more than 250 black robins，and the population is spreading．To help them survive，people are restoring their habitats and removing small animals that hunt them，such as mice and cats from the islands where they live．(20)
(19)that引導限制性定語從句，修飾先行詞the birds。
(20)句中that hunt them為限制性定語從句，修飾先行詞small animals；where they live也是限制性定語從句，修飾先行詞the islands。
第六次生物大滅絕
物種滅絕，即某個物種的完全消失，在地球的歷史上并不罕見。事實上，曾經存在過的物種超過90%現在都已經滅絕。在過去的5億年里，地球上的生命有5次幾乎滅絕。其中包括第三次生物大滅絕，即所謂的“大滅絕”，導致90%到96%的物種滅絕。發生在6 600萬年前的第五次滅絕事件導致了恐龍的滅亡。滅絕的原因多種多樣。科學家們認為，造成物種滅絕的原因包括火山噴發、小行星從太空撞擊地球、海平面高度改變、海水中含氧量下降和全球變暖等。許多科學家說，我們現在正在進入地球的第六次大滅絕。這一次，人類活動將是罪魁禍首。
雖然物種的自然滅絕并不罕見，但現在滅絕的速度讓人擔憂。美國布朗大學和杜克大學的科學家們于2015年進行了一項研究，考察了自然原因導致物種滅絕的速度，即“背景滅絕率”。他們發現，人類活動導致物種滅絕的速度是正常情況下的1 000倍。造成如此多的物種滅絕的原因有很多：空氣和水污染、森林被破壞、工業化種植和過度捕撈。很明顯，人類活動已經對地球上所有其他物種產生了負面影響，包括動物和植物。
研究這個問題的科學家們認為，如果第六次大滅絕發生，地球上多達四分之三的物種可能就會滅絕。當然，由于我們人類依靠如此多的物種生存，我們也將面臨滅絕的風險。我們的世界和我們的生活依賴于動物和植物之間的自然平衡。沒有森林，我們就沒有可以呼吸的空氣，沒有干凈的水，我們就無法生存。
第六次物種滅絕可以避免嗎？專家們說，如果我們現在就采取行動，還為時不晚。這意味著我們必須顯著地改變我們的生活方式。例如，我們需要采取措施拯救瀕危物種，包括建立特別保護區，在這里動植物可以得到保護。我們需要通過使用更清潔、更天然的能源來改變工作和旅行的方式，如風能和太陽能。我們還需要改進我們的耕作方法，以減少對水、空氣和土地的污染。簡而言之，如果我們想要生存，我們需要停止破壞我們賴以生存的星球，并開始保護它。
黑知更鳥
黑知更鳥是人類從滅絕中拯救出來的鳥類。1980年，世界上只剩下5只黑知更鳥。它們都生活在離新西蘭海岸不遠的一個小島上。其中只有一只名叫老布魯的雌鳥能下蛋。野生動物工作者開始了飼養黑知更鳥雛鳥的計劃。他們保護老布魯的蛋，幫助它們孵化并照顧雛鳥。由于他們的努力，現在有了250多只黑知更鳥，而且數量還在增加。為了幫助它們生存，人們正在恢復它們的棲息地，并將捕食它們的小動物，如老鼠和貓，從它們生活的島嶼上趕走。
謝 謝！

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