資源簡介

Period 1　 單元詞匯表(Words and Expressions)
1．________ n．戲；劇；戲劇藝術 2．folk adj．________________ 3．________ vt．背誦；吟誦；列舉 4．________ n．業(yè)余愛好者 adj．業(yè)余的，業(yè)余愛好的 5．________ n．情緒；心情；語氣 6．shelf n．____________ 7．________ adj．空白的，無圖畫(或韻律、裝飾)的；沒表情的 n．空白；空格 8．________ n．版本；(從不同角度的)說法 9．________ n．種子；起源；萌芽 10．deadline n．________________ 11．________ n．比賽；競賽；競爭 vt．爭取贏得(比賽、選舉等)；爭辯 12．________ vt．修改；潤色；拋光 n．上光劑；拋光；擦亮 13．________ adj．復雜的；難懂的 14．________ adj．種族的；人種的 1．There were different ________ (version) of what the President said． 2．He wore a dark striped suit under his raincoat，and his black shoes were highly ________ (polish)． 3．These plants are then pollinated and allowed to mature and produce ________(seed)． 4．Mr．Green typically assigned daily homework, which would be ________ (recite) in class the following day． 5．The Legend of the White Snake is a famous tale among ________ (folk) in ancient China． 6．Please fill up the ________ (blank) in the questionnaire． 7．The tournament is open to both ________ (amateur) and professionals． 8．She has taken an active part in all the ________ (contest) for the high jump．
1．sorrow n．悲傷；悲痛；傷心事 vi．感到悲傷→______ adj．悲傷的；傷心的 2．literary adj．文學的；愛好文學的；有文學作品特征的→________ n．文學；文獻；著作 3．respective adj．分別的；各自的→________ adv．分別；各自；依次為 4．comprehend v．理解，領悟→________ n．理解力；領悟力；理解練習→________ adj．綜合性的；詳盡的；完全的 5．sympathy n．同情；贊同→________ adj．同情的；有同情心的；贊同的 6．innocent adj．天真無邪的；無辜的；無惡意的→________ n．天真；單純；無罪 7．correspond vi．相一致；符合；相當于；通信→______ n．來往信件；通信聯(lián)系 8．vary v．變化；改變；使多樣化→________ n．變化；變體；變奏曲→________ adj．各種各樣的→________ n．不同種類；變化；多樣化 1．He has a ________ (comprehension) knowledge of science． 2．“Black”and“White”implied dark and fair ________ (respective)． 3．English literature，especially English fiction，is of great significance in the ________ (literature) world． 4．There is a considerable ________ (vary) in tastes across the country． 5．After hearing her story，he felt ________ (sympathy) to her and decided to help her out． 6．The judges' decision is final and no ________ (correspond) will be entered into． 7．It is obvious that he is ________ (innocence) for he has nothing to do with the accident． 8．We could sense that they were ________ (sorrow) at the bad news．
1．____________ 由……組成(構成) 2．____________ 中肯的，切題的 3．____________ 講得通，有意義 4．____________ 受歡迎 5．____________ 把……翻譯成…… 6．____________ 尤其，特別 1．The voluntary team ____________ 50 students, all of whom are warm, generous and ready to offer help． 2．I think her suggestions are completely ____________ and should be heard． 3．Detective novels ____________ the public． 4．My sister loves the song ____________， because my mother used to sing it to her． 5．It doesn't ____________ to consume too much fossil fuel．
由新知聯(lián)想已知
1．drama n．戲；劇；戲劇藝術 [聯(lián)想]　opera n．歌劇 play n．話劇 tragedy n．悲劇 comedy n．喜劇 2．nursery rhyme 童謠；兒歌 [聯(lián)想]　classical music古典音樂 pop music流行音樂 blues n．藍調歌曲 rock and roll搖滾樂 jazz n．爵士樂 3．amateur n．業(yè)余愛好者 adj．業(yè)余的；業(yè)余愛好的 [聯(lián)想]　professional adj．專業(yè)的；職業(yè)的 n．專業(yè)人員；專家；職業(yè)運動員 4．contest n．比賽；競賽；競爭 vt．爭取贏得(比賽、選舉等)；爭辯 [聯(lián)想]　competition n．比賽 match n．比賽；競賽；相配的人(或物)；火柴 v．相配；相匹敵 play v．玩；發(fā)揮(作用)；扮演；處理，上演 n．游戲；比賽；活動 race n．比賽；競爭；種族；人種 v．比賽；快速移動
第一篇課文(Reading and Thinking)
①compose vi．& vt．組成；作曲；撰寫
②image n．影像；想象；肖像
③convey vt．表達；傳遞(思想、感情等)；傳送
convey feelings表達感情
④sorrow n．悲傷；悲痛；傷心事vi．感到悲傷
⑤distinctive adj．獨特的；有特色的；與眾不同的
⑥economical adj．經濟的；節(jié)約的
⑦imagery n．形象的描述；意象；像
⑧l(xiāng)iterary adj．文學的；愛好文學的；有文學作品特征的
⑨device n．手段；策略；方法；技巧
⑩rhyme n．押韻詞；押韻的短詩
vi．& vt．(使)押韻
rhythm n．節(jié)奏；韻律；規(guī)律
nursery adj．幼兒教育的n．托兒所；保育室
nursery rhyme童謠；兒歌
folk adj．民間的；民俗的；普通百姓的
folk songs民歌
to the point中肯；扼要；切題
contradictory adj．矛盾的；反對的；反駁的
recite vt．背誦；吟誦；列舉
flexible adj．靈活的；柔韌的；可彎曲的
amateur n．業(yè)余愛好者adj．業(yè)余的；業(yè)余愛好的
be made up of由……組成(構成)
mood n．情緒；心情；語氣
consist of由……組成；由……構成；包括
format n． 格式；總體安排；(出版物的)版式vt．格式化
respectively adv．分別；各自；依次為
respective adj．分別的；各自的
delicate adj．精美的；精致的；脆弱的
eventually adv．最后；終于
diamond n．鉆石；金剛石；菱形
billy goat n．公山羊
bull n．公牛
dewdrop n．露珠；水珠
dawn n． 黎明；開端；萌芽
at dawn黎明時分
clover n． 三葉草
butterfly n． 蝴蝶
lawn n．草坪，草地
blossom n．花朵；花簇
await vt．等候；期待；將發(fā)生在
revolve vi．旋轉；環(huán)繞；轉動
utter vt．出聲；說；講adj．完全的；十足的；徹底的
A FEW SIMPLE FORMS OF ENGLISH POEMS
There are various reasons why people compose① poetry[1]．Some poems tell a story or describe a certain image② in the reader's mind．Others try to convey③ certain feelings such as joy and sorrow④．The distinctive⑤ characteristics of poetry often include economical⑥ use of words，descriptive and vivid language，integrated imagery⑦，literary⑧ devices⑨ such as similes and metaphors，and arrangement of words，lines，rhymes⑩，and rhythm．Poets use many different forms of poetry to express themselves．Now we will look at a few of the simpler forms．
[1]why引導定語從句，修飾先行詞reasons。
Some of the first poems a young child learns in English[2] are nursery rhymes．They are usually the traditional poems or folk songs．The language of these rhymes，like Poem A，is to the point but has a storyline．Many children enjoy nursery rhymes because they rhyme，have a strong rhythm，and often repeat the same words．The poems may not make sense and even seem contradictory ，but they are easy to learn and recite ．By playing with the words in nursery rhymes，children learn about language．
[2]“a young child learns in English”為省略了that的定語從句，修飾先行詞poems。
One of the simplest kinds of poem is the“l(fā)ist poem”，which contains a list of things，people，ideas，or descriptions that develop a particular theme[3]．List poems have a flexible line length and repeated phrases which give both a pattern and a rhythm to the poem．Some rhyme[like B and C]，while others do not．
[3]which引導非限制性定語從句；that引導限制性定語從句。
Another simple form of poem that amateurs can easily write is the cinquain，which is made up of five lines．With these，you can convey a strong picture or a certain mood in just a few words．Look at the example [D]．
Haiku is a Japanese form of poetry that consists of 17 syllables[4]．It has a format of three lines，containing 5，7，and 5 syllables respectively ．It is not a traditional form of English poetry，but is very popular with English writers．It is easy to write and，like the cinquain，can give a clear picture and create a special feeling using very few words．The haiku poem [E] on the right is a translation from Japanese，which shows a moment in the life of a delicate butterfly．
[4]that引導限制性定語從句，修飾先行詞Haiku。
English speakers also enjoy poems from China，those from the Tang Dynasty in particular．A lot of Tang poetry has been translated into English，such as this one[F]．
With so many different forms of poetry to choose from[5]，you may eventually want to write poems of your own．Give it a try!
[5]“With so many different forms of poetry to choose from”為with復合結構，在句中作狀語。
A
Hush，little baby，don't say a word，
Papa's gonna buy you a mockingbird．
If that mockingbird won't sing，
Papa's gonna buy you a diamond ring．
If that diamond ring turns to brass，
Papa's gonna buy you a looking glass．
If that looking-glass gets broke，
Papa's gonna buy you a billy goat ．
If that billy goat won't pull，
Papa's gonna buy you a cart and bull ．
B
Mother
Hundreds of stars in the deep blue sky，
Hundreds of shells on the shore together，
Hundreds of birds that go singing by，
Hundreds of bees in the sunny weather，
Hundreds of dewdrops to greet the dawn ，
Hundreds of bees in the purple clover ，
Hundreds of butterflies on the lawn ，
But only one mother the world over．
George Cooper
C
LIFE
Life can be good，
Life can be bad，
Life is mostly cheerful，
but sometimes sad
Life can be dreams，
Life can be great thoughts
Life can mean a person，
Sitting in court．
D
Brother
Beautiful，athletic
Teasing，shouting，laughing
Friend and enemy too
Mine
E
A fallen blossom
Is coming back to the branch．
Look，a butterfly!
F
Where she awaits her husband
On and on the river flows．
Never looking back，
Transformed into stone．
Day by day upon the mountain top，
wind and rain revolve ．
Should the traveller return，
this stone would utter speech．
Wang Jian
英語詩歌的幾種簡單形式
人們寫詩有各種各樣的原因。有些詩歌講述一個故事或描述讀者心中的某個形象。其他的詩歌試圖傳達某些情感，如喜悅和悲傷。詩歌的顯著特點通常包括：用詞簡潔；語言描述生動、形象；具備整合的意象；使用明喻和暗喻等文學手法；詞、行、韻、節(jié)奏等編排有序。詩人用許多不同種類的詩歌形式來表達自己?，F(xiàn)在我們來看一些簡單的形式。
孩子最早學習的英文詩歌中有一些是童謠。它們通常是傳統(tǒng)的詩歌或民歌。這些童謠(如詩歌A)的語言簡單明了，但帶有故事情節(jié)。許多孩子喜歡童謠，因為它們押韻，有很強的節(jié)奏，而且經常重復相同的單詞。這些詩可能沒有意義，甚至看起來自相矛盾，但它們很容易學習和背誦。孩子們通過與歌里的單詞玩耍，來學習語言。
其中最簡單的一種就是“列表詩”，它包含了一系列事物、人物、思想或描述，這些都形成了一個特定的主題。列表詩有一個靈活的行長度和重復的短語，它們給詩一個模式和節(jié)奏。有些押韻(如B和C)，而另一些則不押韻。
另一種業(yè)余愛好者很容易寫的簡體詩是由五行組成的，叫作五行詩。有了這些，你可以用幾句話來表達一幅強烈的畫面或一種特定的情緒?？纯蠢?D)。
俳句是日本的一種詩歌形式，由17個音節(jié)組成。它的格式是三行，分別包含5、7和5個音節(jié)。它不是傳統(tǒng)的英國詩歌形式，但在英國作家中很受歡迎。像五行詩一樣，它很容易寫，可以用很少的文字給出一個清晰的畫面，創(chuàng)造一種特殊的感覺。右邊的俳句詩(E)是從日語翻譯過來的，它展示了一只精美的蝴蝶的生命中的一個瞬間。
說英語的人也喜歡中國的詩歌，尤其是唐代的詩歌。有許多唐詩被翻譯成英文，比如這一首詩(F)。
有這么多不同形式的詩歌可供選擇，你可能最終想寫自己的詩了。試一試吧！
A
安靜，小寶貝，不要說話，
爸爸會給你買一只知更鳥。
如果那只知更鳥不唱歌，
爸爸會給你買一枚鉆戒。
如果那枚鉆石戒指變成黃銅，
爸爸會給你買一面鏡子。
如果鏡子打碎了，
爸爸會給你買一只公山羊。
如果公山羊拉不動，
爸爸會給你買一輛車和公牛。
B
母親
千百顆星星掛在深藍色的天空，
千百枚貝殼遍布悠長的海岸，
千百只鳥兒鳴唱飛過，
千百只蜜蜂在陽光下穿梭，
千百滴露珠迎接黎明，
千百只蜜蜂在紫色三葉草間嬉戲，
千百只蝴蝶在草叢中翩翩起舞，
可我只有一個母親，
在這茫茫的世界。
喬治·庫珀
C
生活
生活可能美好，
生活可能悲傷，
生活常常充滿歡樂，
但有時令人沮喪。
生活可能是幻夢一場，
生活可能是偉大理想，
生活也可能是一個人，
獨坐在被告席上。
D
兄弟
帥氣，愛運動
愛鬧，愛叫，又愛笑
是我的朋友
也是我的敵人
E
一朵凋落的花
回到了枝頭。
看，是一只蝴蝶！
F
望夫處，江悠悠。
化為石，不回頭。
山頭日日風復雨，
行人歸來石應語。
王建
Period 1
速記·重點詞匯——牢記詞形和詞義
1．drama　2．民間的，民俗的，普通百姓的
3．recite　4．amateur　5．mood　6．架子；擱板
7．blank　8．version　9．seed　10．最后期限；截止日期　11．contest　12．polish　13．complicated　14．racial
運用·語境填空——測試一下基本功
1．versions　2．polished　3．seeds　4．recited
5．folks　6．blanks　7．amateurs　8．contests
速記·派生詞匯——牢記詞形和詞義
1．sorrowful　2．literature　3．respectively
4．comprehension；comprehensive　5．sympathetic
6．innocence　7．correspondence　8．variation；various；variety
運用·語境填空——測試一下基本功
1．comprehensive　2．respectively　3．literary
4．variation　5．sympathetic　6．correspondence
7．innocent　8．sorrowful
速記·重點短語——記牢搭配和意義
1．be made up of　2．to the point　3．make sense　4．be popular with　5．translate...into...
6．in particular
運用·語境填空——測試一下基本功
1．is made up of　2．to the point　3．are popular with　4．in particular　5．make sense
1 / 11(共45張PPT)
Period 1　
UNIT 5　POEMS
主題語境
人與社會——詩歌
1．______ n．戲；?。粦騽∷囆g
2．folk adj．___________________________
3．______ vt．背誦；吟誦；列舉
4．________ n．業(yè)余愛好者 adj．業(yè)余的，業(yè)余愛好的
5．_____ n．情緒；心情；語氣
6．shelf n．___________
課時練案 單元詞匯表(Words and Expressions)
drama
民間的，民俗的，普通百姓的
recite
amateur
mood
架子；擱板
7．______ adj．空白的，無圖畫(或韻律、裝飾)的；沒表情的 n．空白；空格
8．________ n．版本；(從不同角度的)說法
9．_____ n．種子；起源；萌芽
10．deadline n．____________________
11．________ n．比賽；競賽；競爭 vt．爭取贏得(比賽、選舉等)；爭辯
blank
version
seed
最后期限；截止日期
contest
12．______ vt．修改；潤色；拋光 n．上光劑；拋光；擦亮
13．___________ adj．復雜的；難懂的
14．______ adj．種族的；人種的
polish
complicated
racial
1．There were different ________ (version) of what the President said．
2．He wore a dark striped suit under his raincoat，and his black shoes were highly ________ (polish)．
3．These plants are then pollinated and allowed to mature and produce _____(seed)．
4．Mr．Green typically assigned daily homework, which would be _______ (recite) in class the following day．
versions
polished
seeds
recited
5．The Legend of the White Snake is a famous tale among _____ (folk) in ancient China．
6．Please fill up the ______ (blank) in the questionnaire．
7．The tournament is open to both ________ (amateur) and professionals．
8．She has taken an active part in all the ________ (contest) for the high jump．
folks
blanks
amateurs
contests
1．sorrow n．悲傷；悲痛；傷心事 vi．感到悲傷→_________ adj．悲傷的；傷心的
2．literary adj．文學的；愛好文學的；有文學作品特征的→__________ n．文學；文獻；著作
3．respective adj．分別的；各自的→____________ adv．分別；各自；依次為
sorrowful
literature
respectively
4．comprehend v．理解，領悟→_____________ n．理解力；領悟力；理解練習→_____________ adj．綜合性的；詳盡的；完全的
5．sympathy n．同情；贊同→___________ adj．同情的；有同情心的；贊同的
6．innocent adj．天真無邪的；無辜的；無惡意的→_________ n．天真；單純；無罪
comprehension
comprehensive
sympathetic
innocence
7．correspond vi．相一致；符合；相當于；通信→______________ n．來往信件；通信聯(lián)系
8．vary v．變化；改變；使多樣化→_________ n．變化；變體；變奏曲→_______ adj．各種各樣的→_______ n．不同種類；變化；多樣化
correspondence
variation
various
variety
1．He has a _____________ (comprehension) knowledge of science．
2．“Black”and“White”implied dark and fair ____________ (respective)．
3．English literature，especially English fiction，is of great significance in the ________ (literature) world．
4．There is a considerable _________ (vary) in tastes across the country．
comprehensive
respectively
literary
variation
5．After hearing her story，he felt ___________ (sympathy) to her and decided to help her out．
6．The judges' decision is final and no ______________ (correspond) will be entered into．
7．It is obvious that he is ________ (innocence) for he has nothing to do with the accident．
8．We could sense that they were _________ (sorrow) at the bad news．
sympathetic
correspondence
innocent
sorrowful
1．_____________ 由……組成(構成)
2．___________ 中肯的，切題的
3．___________ 講得通，有意義
4．______________ 受歡迎
5．_______________ 把……翻譯成……
6．___________尤其，特別
be made up of
to the point
make sense
be popular with
translate...into...
in particular
1．The voluntary team _____________ 50 students, all of whom are warm, generous and ready to offer help．
2．I think her suggestions are completely ___________ and should be heard．
3．Detective novels _______________ the public．
4．My sister loves the song ____________because my mother used to sing it to her．
5．It doesn't ___________ to consume too much fossil fuel．
is made up of
to the point
are popular with
in particular
make sense
1．drama n．戲；劇；戲劇藝術
[聯(lián)想]　opera n．歌劇
play n．話劇
tragedy n．悲劇
comedy n．喜劇
詞匯聯(lián)想 由新知聯(lián)想已知
2．nursery rhyme 童謠；兒歌
[聯(lián)想]　classical music 古典音樂
pop music 流行音樂
blues n．藍調歌曲
rock and roll 搖滾樂
jazz n．爵士樂
3．amateur n．業(yè)余愛好者 adj．業(yè)余的；業(yè)余愛好的
[聯(lián)想]　professional adj．專業(yè)的；職業(yè)的 n．專業(yè)人員；專家；職業(yè)運動員
4．contest n．比賽；競賽；競爭 vt．爭取贏得(比賽、選舉等)；爭辯
[聯(lián)想]　competition n．比賽
match n．比賽；競賽；相配的人(或物)；火柴 v．相配；相匹敵
play v．玩；發(fā)揮(作用)；扮演；處理，上演 n．游戲；比賽；活動
race n．比賽；競爭；種族；人種 v．比賽；快速移動
①compose vi．& vt．組成；作曲；撰寫
②image n．影像；想象；肖像
③convey vt．表達；傳遞(思想、感情等)；傳送
convey feelings 表達感情
④sorrow n．悲傷；悲痛；傷心事vi．感到悲傷
課下預習 第一篇課文(Reading and Thinking)
⑤distinctive adj．獨特的；有特色的；與眾不同的
⑥economical adj．經濟的；節(jié)約的
⑦imagery n．形象的描述；意象；像
⑧l(xiāng)iterary adj．文學的；愛好文學的；有文學作品特征的
⑨device n．手段；策略；方法；技巧
⑩rhyme n．押韻詞；押韻的短詩
vi．& vt．(使)押韻
rhythm n．節(jié)奏；韻律；規(guī)律
nursery adj．幼兒教育的n．托兒所；保育室
nursery rhyme 童謠；兒歌
folk adj．民間的；民俗的；普通百姓的
folk songs 民歌
to the point 中肯；扼要；切題
contradictory adj．矛盾的；反對的；反駁的
recite vt．背誦；吟誦；列舉
flexible adj．靈活的；柔韌的；可彎曲的
amateur n．業(yè)余愛好者adj．業(yè)余的；業(yè)余愛好的
be made up of 由……組成(構成)
mood n．情緒；心情；語氣
consist of 由……組成；由……構成；包括
format n． 格式；總體安排；(出版物的)版式vt．格式化
respectively adv．分別；各自；依次為
respective adj．分別的；各自的
delicate adj．精美的；精致的；脆弱的
eventually adv．最后；終于
diamond n．鉆石；金剛石；菱形
billy goat n．公山羊
bull n．公牛
dewdrop n．露珠；水珠
dawn n． 黎明；開端；萌芽
at dawn 黎明時分
clover n． 三葉草
butterfly n． 蝴蝶
lawn n．草坪，草地
blossom n．花朵；花簇
await vt．等候；期待；將發(fā)生在
revolve vi．旋轉；環(huán)繞；轉動
utter vt．出聲；說；講adj．完全的；十足的；徹底的
A FEW SIMPLE FORMS OF ENGLISH POEMS
There are various reasons why people compose① poetry[1]．Some poems tell a story or describe a certain image② in the reader's mind．Others try to convey③ certain feelings such as joy and sorrow④．The distinctive⑤ characteristics of poetry often include economical⑥ use of words，descriptive and vivid language，integrated imagery⑦，literary⑧ devices⑨ such as similes and metaphors，and arrangement of words，lines，rhymes⑩，and rhythm．Poets use many different forms of poetry to express themselves．Now we will look at a few of the simpler forms．
[1]why引導定語從句，修飾先行詞reasons。
Some of the first poems a young child learns in English[2] are nursery rhymes．They are usually the traditional poems or folk songs．The language of these rhymes，like Poem A，is to the point but has a storyline．Many children enjoy nursery rhymes because they rhyme，have a strong rhythm，and often repeat the same words．The poems may not make sense and even seem contradictory ，but they are easy to learn and recite ．By playing with the words in nursery rhymes，children learn about language．
[2]“a young child learns in English”為省略了that的定語從句，修飾先行詞poems。
One of the simplest kinds of poem is the“l(fā)ist poem”，which contains a list of things，people，ideas，or descriptions that develop a particular theme[3]．List poems have a flexible line length and repeated phrases which give both a pattern and a rhythm to the poem．Some rhyme[like B and C]，while others do not．
[3]which引導非限制性定語從句；that引導限制性定語從句。
Another simple form of poem that amateurs can easily write is the cinquain，which is made up of five lines．With these，you can convey a strong picture or a certain mood in just a few words．Look at the example [D]．
Haiku is a Japanese form of poetry that consists of 17 syllables[4]．It has a format of three lines，containing 5，7，and 5 syllables respectively ．It is not a traditional form of English poetry，but is very popular with English writers．It is easy to write and，like the cinquain，can give a clear picture and create a special feeling using very few words．The haiku poem [E] on the right is a translation from Japanese，which shows a moment in the life of a delicate butterfly．
[4]that引導限制性定語從句，修飾先行詞Haiku。
English speakers also enjoy poems from China，those from the Tang Dynasty in particular．A lot of Tang poetry has been translated into English，such as this one[F]．
With so many different forms of poetry to choose from[5]，you may eventually want to write poems of your own．Give it a try!
[5]“With so many different forms of poetry to choose from”為with復合結構，在句中作狀語。
A
Hush，little baby，don't say a word，
Papa's gonna buy you a mockingbird．
If that mockingbird won't sing，
Papa's gonna buy you a diamond ring．
If that diamond ring turns to brass，
Papa's gonna buy you a looking glass．
If that looking-glass gets broke，
Papa's gonna buy you a billy goat ．
If that billy goat won't pull，
Papa's gonna buy you a cart and bull ．
B
Mother
Hundreds of stars in the deep blue sky，
Hundreds of shells on the shore together，
Hundreds of birds that go singing by，
Hundreds of bees in the sunny weather，
Hundreds of dewdrops to greet the dawn ，
Hundreds of bees in the purple clover ，
Hundreds of butterflies on the lawn ，
But only one mother the world over．
George Cooper
C
LIFE
Life can be good，
Life can be bad，
Life is mostly cheerful，
but sometimes sad
Life can be dreams，
Life can be great thoughts
Life can mean a person，
Sitting in court．
D
Brother
Beautiful，athletic
Teasing，shouting，laughing
Friend and enemy too
Mine
E
A fallen blossom
Is coming back to the branch．
Look，a butterfly!
F
Where she awaits her husband
On and on the river flows．
Never looking back，
Transformed into stone．
Day by day upon the mountain top，
wind and rain revolve ．
Should the traveller return，
this stone would utter speech．
Wang Jian
英語詩歌的幾種簡單形式
人們寫詩有各種各樣的原因。有些詩歌講述一個故事或描述讀者心中的某個形象。其他的詩歌試圖傳達某些情感，如喜悅和悲傷。詩歌的顯著特點通常包括：用詞簡潔；語言描述生動、形象；具備整合的意象；使用明喻和暗喻等文學手法；詞、行、韻、節(jié)奏等編排有序。詩人用許多不同種類的詩歌形式來表達自己。現(xiàn)在我們來看一些簡單的形式。
孩子最早學習的英文詩歌中有一些是童謠。它們通常是傳統(tǒng)的詩歌或民歌。這些童謠(如詩歌A)的語言簡單明了，但帶有故事情節(jié)。許多孩子喜歡童謠，因為它們押韻，有很強的節(jié)奏，而且經常重復相同的單詞。這些詩可能沒有意義，甚至看起來自相矛盾，但它們很容易學習和背誦。孩子們通過與歌里的單詞玩耍，來學習語言。
其中最簡單的一種就是“列表詩”，它包含了一系列事物、人物、思想或描述，這些都形成了一個特定的主題。列表詩有一個靈活的行長度和重復的短語，它們給詩一個模式和節(jié)奏。有些押韻(如B和C)，而另一些則不押韻。
另一種業(yè)余愛好者很容易寫的簡體詩是由五行組成的，叫作五行詩。有了這些，你可以用幾句話來表達一幅強烈的畫面或一種特定的情緒。看看例子(D)。
俳句是日本的一種詩歌形式，由17個音節(jié)組成。它的格式是三行，分別包含5、7和5個音節(jié)。它不是傳統(tǒng)的英國詩歌形式，但在英國作家中很受歡迎。像五行詩一樣，它很容易寫，可以用很少的文字給出一個清晰的畫面，創(chuàng)造一種特殊的感覺。右邊的俳句詩(E)是從日語翻譯過來的，它展示了一只精美的蝴蝶的生命中的一個瞬間。
說英語的人也喜歡中國的詩歌，尤其是唐代的詩歌。有許多唐詩被翻譯成英文，比如這一首詩(F)。
有這么多不同形式的詩歌可供選擇，你可能最終想寫自己的詩了。試一試吧！
A
安靜，小寶貝，不要說話，
爸爸會給你買一只知更鳥。
如果那只知更鳥不唱歌，
爸爸會給你買一枚鉆戒。
如果那枚鉆石戒指變成黃銅，
爸爸會給你買一面鏡子。
如果鏡子打碎了，
爸爸會給你買一只公山羊。
如果公山羊拉不動，
爸爸會給你買一輛牛車。
B
母親
千百顆星星掛在深藍色的天空，
千百枚貝殼遍布悠長的海岸，
千百只鳥兒鳴唱飛過，
千百只蜜蜂在陽光下穿梭，
千百滴露珠迎接黎明，
千百只蜜蜂在紫色三葉草間嬉戲，
千百只蝴蝶在草叢中翩翩起舞，
可我只有一個母親，
在這茫茫的世界。
喬治·庫珀
C
生活
生活可能美好，
生活可能悲傷，
生活常常充滿歡樂，
但有時令人沮喪。
生活可能是幻夢一場，
生活可能是偉大理想，
生活也可能意味著一個人，
獨坐在被告席上。
D
兄弟
帥氣，愛運動
愛鬧，愛叫，又愛笑
是我的朋友
也是我的敵人
E
一朵凋落的花
回到了枝頭。
看，是一只蝴蝶！
F
望夫處，江悠悠。
化為石，不回頭。
山頭日日風復雨，
行人歸來石應語。
王建
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