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Period 5　 課文整體教學(xué)(Using Language)
Ⅰ．文章大意
What's the main idea of the text
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Ⅱ．篇章結(jié)構(gòu)
1．Why did many farmers welcome chemical pesticides and artificial fertilisers involved in farming
A．They can fight crop disease and increase production．
B．They harm both the land and people's health．
C．They can help produce rich soil．
D．They are not expensive．
2．What concerns many people about the use of pesticides
A．Pesticides can damage the land．
B．Chemicals can stay in the soil for a long time．
C．Pesticides can kill harmful bacteria and insects．
D．Chemicals may make people ill and even cause cancer．
3．Why do organic farmers change the kind of crop grown in each field every year
A．It can help put important minerals back into the ground．
B．It can avoid damage to the environment．
C．It can help increase output．
D．The writer doesn't tell us．
4．What is the author's purpose of writing the text
A．To call on farmers to turn to organic farming．
B．To introduce some good ways to make the soil rich．
C．To urge the government to stop using pesticides．
D．To give some advice on how to increase the output of crops．
1．Is the author of the text for or against organic farming？How do you know
2．What other disadvantages of chemical farming did the author not list
3．Can you think of other disadvantages of organic farming
Ⅰ．一詞多義/熟詞生義
1．digest vt．& vi．消化 vt．領(lǐng)會；領(lǐng)悟 n．摘要；文摘
①(教材原句)...the animals and humans who digest them． _________
②I have digested most of the important points in the book． _________
③I considered myself a member of Reader's Digest at the age of six．_________
2．root n．根；根莖；根部；根源
①(教材原句)For example，peanuts grow on the ground's surface，but many other vegetables put down deep roots． _________
②Some roots do another job besides feeding their plants． _________
③Money，or the love of money，is said to be the root of all evil． _________
3．The Amazonians love jambo leaves，which they use to flavour stews and soups． _________
Ⅱ．詞塊積累
1．__________________ 　　　　 廣泛使用
2．__________________ 對人類和環(huán)境造成損害
3．__________________ 至于化肥
4．__________________ 富含營養(yǎng)
5．__________________ 必需的礦物質(zhì)
6．__________________ 作為一種選擇
7．__________________ 轉(zhuǎn)向有機(jī)農(nóng)業(yè)
8．__________________ 注重保持土壤的肥沃
9．__________________ 免受病害
10．__________________ 扎根很深
11．__________________ 避免對環(huán)境造成破壞
Ⅲ．寫作佳句
1．Over time，however，____________________ is that their long-term use can sometimes harm both the land and people's health．
然而，隨著時間的推移，一些科學(xué)家發(fā)現(xiàn)，長期使用它們有時會損害土地和人們的健康。
2．Therefore，there is still a long way __________________ that puts sufficient food on the dinner table _________________ people and the environment as healthy as possible．
因此，要找到一個合適的解決方案，使人們的餐桌上有足夠的食物，同時保持人們和環(huán)境盡可能地健康仍然有很長的路要走。
3．For example，pesticides can damage the land by killing _______________________ harmful bacteria and insects，___________________________ helpful ones．
例如，農(nóng)藥不僅可以殺死有害的細(xì)菌和昆蟲，也會殺死有益的細(xì)菌和昆蟲，從而破壞土地。
Ⅳ．長難語句
1．Why different crops are grown is that they put important minerals back into the ground，making it ready for the next batch of crops．
[分析]　本句是一個復(fù)合句。Why different crops are grown是主語從句。is后面是that引導(dǎo)的_________從句，動詞-ing形式短語作_________狀語。
[翻譯]　_____________________________________________________________
2．What keeps them from doing so is the fact that chemical farming serves the high demand for food around the world．
[分析]　本句是一個復(fù)合句。What keeps them from doing so是what引導(dǎo)的_________從句。fact后是由that引導(dǎo)的_________ 從句。
[翻譯]　_____________________________________________________________
Ⅴ．課文語法填空
Chemical pesticides and artificial fertilisers 1．_________ (be) in widespread use in farming since the middle of the 20th century．Over time，however，2．_________ some scientists have found is that their long-term use can sometimes harm both the land 3．_________ people's health．For example，pesticides can damage the land by 4．_________ (kill) not only harmful bacteria and insects，but also helpful ones．As 5．_________ alternative，some farmers have switched to organic farming．Organic farmers focus on keeping their soil rich and free 6．_________ disease through natural means．Organic farmers also use many other methods 7．_________ (produce)rich soil．The goal of using different organic farming methods is to grow good food．Some people would prefer to stop the use of man-made chemicals in agriculture 8．_________(entire)．But there is still a long way to find a 9．_________ (suit) solution that puts sufficient food on the dinner table while 10．_________ (keep) people and the environment as healthy as possible．
1．(教材原句)It is celebrated in more than 150 countries，raising awareness and knowledge of the problems and causes behind world hunger and povery．
*poverty n．貧窮；貧困(poor adj．貧窮的；貧困的)
in poverty　　　　　 處于貧窮之中
a poverty of 缺乏
below/above the poverty line 在貧困線之下/之上
單句語法填空/單句寫作
①He was rich，but is now reduced to _________(poor)．
②The poor man _________ poverty sleeps on the floor at the doorway．
③三分之一的人口生活在貧困線或以下。
A third of the population is living at or _________________________________．
2．(教材原句)This affects the crops grown on the land and，in turn，the animals and humans who digest them．
*in turn相應(yīng)地；轉(zhuǎn)而；依次；輪流
by turns　　　　　　　　 輪流；交替地
take turns to do sth． 輪流做某事
it is one's turn to do sth． 輪到某人做某事
turn down 調(diào)低；拒絕
單句語法填空/單句寫作
①When it was my turn _________ (give) a speech，I was too excited to speak．
②When my mother was ill，my brothers took turns _________ (take) care of her．
③(應(yīng)用文寫作之建議信)一方面，它不僅有助于強(qiáng)身健體，而且還反過來幫助我們更有效地學(xué)習(xí)。
For one thing，not only does it help to build up our health，_________________________________．
3．(教材原句)They may look beautiful on the outside，but inside there is usually more water than essential minerals，and they often have less flavour as well．
*essential adj．完全必要的；極其重要的
(1)be essential to... 對……是不可缺少的
(2)it is essential for sb．to do sth． 對某人來說做某事是必要的
it is essential that...(should) do sth． 做某事是必不可少的
單句語法填空/單句寫作
①It is essential that these application forms _________ (send) back as early as possible．
②It is essential for technology companies _________ (strengthen) competitive power．
③(應(yīng)用文寫作之建議信)飲食多樣化并保持飲食均衡是必要的。
_________________________________ your diet is varied and balanced．
4．(教材原句)As an alternative，some farmers have switched to organic farming，and many customers have turned to organic food when they shop at the local grocery．
*alternative n．可供選擇的事物 adj．可供替代的；非傳統(tǒng)的(alternatively adv．要不然；或者)
have no alternative but to do sth．　 別無選擇只好做某事
have the alternative of doing sth． 有做某事的選擇，可以做某事
there's no alternative...but to do sth． ……別無選擇只好做某事
an alternative to... ……的替代品
單句語法填空/單句寫作
①I had no alternative but _________(accept)the offer．
②If you don't like the school lunch，you have the alternative of _________(bring) your own．
③We could walk or _________(alternative)we could go in Ted's car．
④(應(yīng)用文寫作之道歉信)我只能謝絕你的邀請，因?yàn)槲以诿τ跍?zhǔn)備期末考試。
Occupied in preparing for my final exam，I _________________________________．
5．(教材原句)Organic farmers also plant diverse crops that use different depths of soil to help keep it rich．
*depth n．向下(或向里)的距離；深(度)
in depth　　　　　　　　　　 全面；深入；詳細(xì)
from the depth of the mind 從心底里；真心地
at a depth of... 在……的深度
in the depths of... 在……深處
單句語法填空/單句寫作
①Plant the beans _________ a depth of about six inches．
②This is a new subject and needs to be explored _________ depth．
③When her son got injured and disabled in the accident，she was in _________ depths of despair．
④不能期望較年輕的學(xué)生有深刻的理解能力。
Younger students cannot be expected _________________________________．
詞匯 1．flavour n．味道；特點(diǎn)；特色　2．digest vt．& vi．消化 vt．領(lǐng)會；領(lǐng)悟n．摘要；文摘　3．root n．根；根莖；根部；根源　4．a(chǎn)spect n．方面；層面
微練 1．(讀后續(xù)寫之場景描寫)As I stood in the kitchen，_________ of tomato sauce，I realized the importance of allowing life to surprise us． 當(dāng)我站在廚房里，被番茄醬香味包圍時，我意識到讓生活給我們驚喜的重要性。 2．(應(yīng)用文寫作之環(huán)境保護(hù))If the sea animals eat them by mistake，the rubbish will be _________ and stay in their stomachs forever． 如果海洋動物誤吃了它們，垃圾將難以消化并永遠(yuǎn)留在他們的肚子里。 3．(讀后續(xù)寫之主旨升華)With this experience _________，I come to realize that everyone has his own flash point． 隨著這段經(jīng)歷根植于我的腦海中，我逐漸認(rèn)識到，每個人都有他自己的閃光點(diǎn)。 4．(應(yīng)用文寫作之求助信)I am writing to ask for your valuable advice on which _________ are extremely appealing to foreign friends． 我寫信是想就此文化的哪些方面對外國朋友極具吸引力這一問題征求您的寶貴意見。
1．(教材原句)For example，pesticides can damage the land by killing not only harmful bacteria and insects，but also helpful ones．
*not only...but also...句型
(1)句中not only...but also...“不僅……而且……”用作并列連詞，相當(dāng)于“not just...but also...”。
(2)該結(jié)構(gòu)常用來連接并列成分，如兩個主語、謂語、賓語、表語、定語、狀語或句子，在意義上強(qiáng)調(diào)后者，其中also可以省略。
(3)“not only...but also...”連接主語時，謂語動詞的數(shù)遵循就近原則；當(dāng)not only位于句首連接兩個句子時，第一個分句要用部分倒裝，第二個分句不倒裝。
單句語法填空/句型轉(zhuǎn)換
①She not only _________ (write) the text but also selected the illustrations．
②Not only my friend but also I _________ (be) present at the conference yesterday．
③(應(yīng)用文寫作之活動介紹)The activity not only can enhance our English level，but it can also broaden our horizons．
→___________________________， but it can also broaden our horizons．(倒裝句)
2．(教材原句)Why different crops are grown is that they put important minerals back into the ground，making it ready for the next batch of crops．
*動詞-ing形式短語作結(jié)果狀語
(1)本句中making it...為動詞-ing形式短語作結(jié)果狀語，表示前面的情況所造成的結(jié)果。
(2)動詞-ing形式短語作結(jié)果狀語，表示自然而然的、意料之中的結(jié)果。
(3)動詞不定式也可作結(jié)果狀語，但它通常表示一種“偶然的，出人意料的”結(jié)果，有時為了強(qiáng)調(diào)這種意外的結(jié)果，可在不定式前面加only，意為“(結(jié)果)卻……；只(只是)……”。
單句語法填空/單句寫作
①M(fèi)ore highways have been built，_________ (make) it more convenient for people to travel around China．
②He hurried to the airport，only _________ (tell) that the plane had taken off．
③他匆匆趕到售票處，卻被告知所有的票都賣完了。
He hurried to the booking office，_________．
④(讀后續(xù)寫之情緒描寫)我覺得每個人都在盯著我看，讓我很緊張。
I felt like everyone was staring at me，_________________________________．
　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　
①chemical adj．與化學(xué)有關(guān)的；化學(xué)的 n．化學(xué)制品；化學(xué)品
②organic adj．有機(jī)的；不使用化肥的；有機(jī)物的
③pesticide n．殺蟲劑；除害藥物
④widespread adj．分布廣的；普遍的；廣泛的
⑤over time隨著時間的推移
⑥bacterium n．(pl．-ria)細(xì)菌
⑦not only...but also...不僅……而且……
⑧in addition另外，此外
in addition to除……之外(還有，也)
⑨in turn相應(yīng)地；轉(zhuǎn)而；依次；輪流
⑩digest vt．& vi．消化 vt．領(lǐng)會；領(lǐng)悟 n．摘要；文摘
DDT n．滴滴涕(舊時尤用作農(nóng)業(yè)殺蟲劑)
as for至于，關(guān)于
too...to...太……而不能……
nutrition n．營養(yǎng)；滋養(yǎng)
essential adj．完全必要的；極其重要的
be essential to/for 對……來說必不可少
mineral n．礦物；礦物質(zhì)
flavour (NAmE -vor) n．味道；特點(diǎn)；特色
as well也，又，同樣
alternative n．可供選擇的事物 adj．可供替代的；非傳統(tǒng)的
switch to 轉(zhuǎn)變；轉(zhuǎn)向
switch off(用開關(guān))關(guān)掉；切斷(電源)
turn to 轉(zhuǎn)向；求助于
grocery n．食品雜貨店；[pl．]食品雜貨
focus on 關(guān)注，聚焦
free of 無……的；擺脫了……的
means n．手段；方法
instance n．例子；實(shí)例；事例
for instance例如；比如
wheat n．小麥；小麥籽
batch n．一批；一組 vt．分批處理
a batch of一批
diverse adj．不同的；多種多樣的
depth n．向下(或向里)的距離；深(度)
root n．根；根莖；根部；根源
entirely adv．全部地；完整地；完全地
entire adj．全部的；整個的；完全的
serve the demand滿足需求
nowhere near完全沒有；遠(yuǎn)不及
meet the need滿足要求
sufficient adj．足夠的；充分的
CHEMICAL① VERSUS ORGANIC② FARMING
Chemical pesticides③ and artificial fertilisers have been in widespread④ use in farming since the middle of the 20th century．When they were first introduced，many farmers welcomed them as a great way to fight crop disease and increase production．Over time⑤，however，what some scientists have found is that their long-term use can sometimes harm both the land and people's health[1]．
[1]what some scientists have found是主語從句，what是引導(dǎo)詞，what意為“……的事情”；that their long-term... people's health是表語從句，其中that是引導(dǎo)詞，在句中不作成分，沒有詞義。
For example，pesticides can damage the land by killing not only harmful bacteria⑥ and insects，but also⑦ helpful ones．In addition⑧，these chemicals can stay in the soil and underground water sources for a long time．This affects the crops grown on the land[2] and，in turn⑨，the animals and humans who digest⑩ them[3]．Many people worry that these chemicals may make them ill and even cause cancer．In fact，some pesticides like DDT have been prohibited in most countries because of the damage they cause to people and the environment[4]．As for chemical fertilisers，crops grown with them usually grow too fast to be rich in nutrition ．They may look beautiful on the outside，but inside there is usually more water than essential minerals ，and they often have less flavour as well ．
[2]此處是過去分詞短語作后置定語，表被動意義，相當(dāng)于定語從句that are grown on the land。
[3]此處是定語從句，先行詞是the animals and humans，引導(dǎo)詞who在定語從句中作主語。
[4]此處是定語從句，先行詞是the damage，引導(dǎo)詞是that或which；引導(dǎo)詞在定語從句中作賓語，可以省略。
As an alternative ，some farmers have switched to organic farming，and many customers have turned to organic food when they shop at the local grocery ．Organic farming is simply farming without using any chemicals．Organic farmers focus on keeping their soil rich and free of disease through natural means ．For example，many organic farmers use natural waste from animals as fertiliser．This makes the soil in their fields richer in minerals．It also keeps the air，soil，water，and crops free of chemicals．
Organic farmers also use many other methods to produce rich soil．They often change the kind of crop grown in each field every year．For instance ，they may grow corn or wheat in a field one year，and then grow beans there the next．Why different crops are grown is that they put important minerals back into the ground，making it ready for the next batch of crops．[5] Organic farmers also plant diverse crops that use different depths of soil to help keep it rich[6]．For example，peanuts grow on the ground's surface，but many other vegetables put down deep roots ．The goal of using different organic farming methods is to grow good food while avoiding damage to the environment or to people's health．[7]
[5]Why different crops are grown是why引導(dǎo)的主語從句，why在主語從句中作狀語。句中that they put important minerals back into the ground是表語從句，引導(dǎo)詞是that，句中的making it ready for the next batch of crops是動詞-ing形式短語在句中作結(jié)果狀語。
[6]that use different depths of soil to help keep it rich是that引導(dǎo)的定語從句修飾先行詞crops，that在從句中作主語，也可用which替換。
[7]句中while avoiding...是省略結(jié)構(gòu)。
Some people would prefer to stop the use of man-made chemicals in agriculture entirely ．What keeps them from doing so is the fact that chemical farming serves the high demand for food around the world．[8] Organic farming is nowhere near able to meet that need ．Therefore，there is still a long way to find a suitable solution that puts sufficient food on the dinner table[9] while keeping people and the environment as healthy as possible．
[8]What keeps them from doing so是what引導(dǎo)的主語從句，what在從句中作主語。句中that chemical farming serves the high demand for food around the world是that引導(dǎo)的同位語從句，對fact進(jìn)行解釋說明，that沒有詞義，只起連接作用。
[9]that puts sufficient food on the dinner table是that引導(dǎo)的定語從句，修飾先行詞a suitable solution，that在定語從句中作主語。
化學(xué)耕作和有機(jī)耕作
自20世紀(jì)中期以來，化學(xué)農(nóng)藥和人工化肥在農(nóng)業(yè)中得到了廣泛使用。當(dāng)它們第一次被引進(jìn)時，許多農(nóng)民歡迎它們作為一種對抗作物病害和增加產(chǎn)量的好方法。然而，隨著時間的推移，一些科學(xué)家發(fā)現(xiàn)，長期使用它們有時會損害土地和人們的健康。
例如，農(nóng)藥不僅可以殺死有害的細(xì)菌和昆蟲，也會殺死有益的細(xì)菌和昆蟲，從而破壞土地。此外，這些化學(xué)物質(zhì)可以在土壤和地下水源中長期存在。這影響了生長在土地上的作物，進(jìn)而影響了消化它們的動物和人類。許多人擔(dān)心這些化學(xué)物質(zhì)會使他們生病甚至致癌。事實(shí)上，像滴滴涕這樣的殺蟲劑在大多數(shù)國家已經(jīng)被禁止了，因?yàn)樗鼈儗θ祟惡铜h(huán)境造成了破壞。至于化肥，通常施了化肥的農(nóng)作物生長得太快，無法提供豐富的營養(yǎng)。它們可能外表看起來很漂亮，但里面的水通常比必需的礦物質(zhì)多，而且味道也不太好。
作為一種選擇，一些農(nóng)民轉(zhuǎn)向有機(jī)農(nóng)業(yè)，許多顧客在當(dāng)?shù)仉s貨店購物時轉(zhuǎn)向有機(jī)食品。有機(jī)農(nóng)業(yè)就是不使用任何化學(xué)物質(zhì)的簡單農(nóng)業(yè)。有機(jī)農(nóng)場主注重通過自然的方式保持土壤的肥沃和免受病害。例如，許多有機(jī)農(nóng)場主使用來自動物的天然糞便作為肥料。這使得他們地里的土壤礦物質(zhì)更豐富。它還使空氣、土壤、水和農(nóng)作物不受化學(xué)物質(zhì)的污染。
有機(jī)農(nóng)場主也使用許多其他方法來制造肥沃的土壤。他們經(jīng)常每年改變每一塊地的作物種類。例如，他們可能一年在一塊地里種玉米或小麥，第二年在那里種豆子。種植不同作物的原因是它們把重要的礦物質(zhì)釋放回地里，讓它再次為下一批作物做好準(zhǔn)備。有機(jī)農(nóng)場主還種植多種作物，它們利用不同深度的土壤來幫助保持肥沃。例如，花生長在地面上，但許多其他蔬菜扎根很深。使用不同的有機(jī)耕作方法的目的是種植好的食物，同時避免對環(huán)境或人的健康造成損害。
有些人寧愿完全停止在農(nóng)業(yè)中使用人造化學(xué)品。阻止他們這樣做的原因是化學(xué)農(nóng)業(yè)滿足了世界各地對糧食的巨大需求。有機(jī)耕作完全不能滿足那樣的需求。因此，要找到一個合適的解決方案，使人們的餐桌上有足夠的食物，同時保持人們和環(huán)境盡可能地健康仍然有很長的路要走。
Period 5
課文理解
Task 1　整體理解
Ⅰ．The text compares chemical farming with organic farming and shows their advantages and disadvantages．
Ⅱ．1．chemical　2．organic　3．rich soil
Task 2　細(xì)節(jié)理解
1－4　ADAA
Task 3　多維探究
略
課文精粹
Ⅰ．1．①vt．消化　②vt．領(lǐng)會；領(lǐng)悟　③n．摘要；文摘
2．①根　②根莖　③根源
3．vt．給……調(diào)味
Ⅱ．1．in widespread use　2．cause damage to people and the environment　3．a(chǎn)s for chemical fertilisers　4．be rich in nutrition　5．essential minerals　6．a(chǎn)s an alternative　7．switch to organic farming　8．focus on keeping their soil rich　9．free of disease　10．put down deep roots　11．a(chǎn)void damage to the environment
Ⅲ．1．what some scientists have found　2．to find a suitable solution；while keeping　3．not only；but also
Ⅳ．1．分析：主語；表語；結(jié)果
翻譯： 種植不同作物的原因是它們把重要的礦物質(zhì)釋放回地里，讓它再次為下一批作物做好準(zhǔn)備。
2．分析：主語；同位語
翻譯：阻止他們這樣做的原因是化學(xué)農(nóng)業(yè)滿足了世界各地對糧食的巨大需求。有機(jī)耕作完全不能滿足那樣的需求。
Ⅴ．1．have been　2．what　3．a(chǎn)nd　4．killing　5．a(chǎn)n　6．of/from　7．to produce　8．entirely　9．suitable　10．keeping
核心詞匯
1．①poverty　②in　③below the poverty line
2．①to give　②to take　③but it also helps us to learn more effectively in turn
3．①(should) be sent　②to strengthen　③It is essential that
4．①to accept　②bringing　③alternatively　④have no alternative but to decline your invitation
5．①at　②in　③the　④to have great depth of understanding
要點(diǎn)拾遺
1．surrounded by the rich flavour　2．hard to digest　3．rooted in my mind　4．a(chǎn)spects of the culture
句法句式
1．①wrote　②was　③Not only can the activity enhance our English level
2．①making　②to be told　③only to be told that all the tickets were sold out　④making me extremely nervous
9/13(共61張PPT)
復(fù)習(xí)任務(wù)群一
現(xiàn)代文閱讀Ⅰ
把握共性之“新”　打通應(yīng)考之“脈”
UNIT 5　
WORKING THE LAND
主題語境 人與社會——對社會有突出貢獻(xiàn)的人物
Period 5　課時練案 課文整體教學(xué)(Using Language)
Ⅰ．文章大意
What's the main idea of the text
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
The text compares chemical farming with organic farming and shows their advantages and disadvantages．
Ⅱ．篇章結(jié)構(gòu)
chemical　
organic　
rich soil
1．Why did many farmers welcome chemical pesticides and artificial fertilisers involved in farming
A．They can fight crop disease and increase production．
B．They harm both the land and people's health．
C．They can help produce rich soil．
D．They are not expensive．
√
2．What concerns many people about the use of pesticides
A．Pesticides can damage the land．
B．Chemicals can stay in the soil for a long time．
C．Pesticides can kill harmful bacteria and insects．
D．Chemicals may make people ill and even cause cancer．
√
3．Why do organic farmers change the kind of crop grown in each field every year
A．It can help put important minerals back into the ground．
B．It can avoid damage to the environment．
C．It can help increase output．
D．The writer doesn't tell us．
√
4．What is the author's purpose of writing the text
A．To call on farmers to turn to organic farming．
B．To introduce some good ways to make the soil rich．
C．To urge the government to stop using pesticides．
D．To give some advice on how to increase the output of crops．
√
1．Is the author of the text for or against organic farming？How do you know
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
2．What other disadvantages of chemical farming did the author not list
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
3．Can you think of other disadvantages of organic farming
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
[答案]　略
Ⅰ．一詞多義/熟詞生義
1．digest vt．& vi．消化 vt．領(lǐng)會；領(lǐng)悟 n．摘要；文摘
①(教材原句)...the animals and humans who digest them． ________
②I have digested most of the important points in the book．
______________
③I considered myself a member of Reader's Digest at the age of six． _____________
vt．消化
vt．領(lǐng)會；領(lǐng)悟
n．摘要；文摘
2．root n．根；根莖；根部；根源
①(教材原句)For example，peanuts grow on the ground's surface，but many other vegetables put down deep roots． __
②Some roots do another job besides feeding their plants． ____
③Money，or the love of money，is said to be the root of all evil． ____
3．The Amazonians love jambo leaves，which they use to flavour stews and soups． ______________
根
根莖
根源
vt．給……調(diào)味
Ⅱ．詞塊積累
1．________________ 廣泛使用
2．______________________________________
對人類和環(huán)境造成損害
3．_________________________ 至于化肥
4．_________________ 富含營養(yǎng)
5．__________________ 必需的礦物質(zhì)
6．_______________ 作為一種選擇
in widespread use
cause damage to people and the environment
as for chemical fertilisers
be rich in nutrition
essential minerals
as an alternative
7．________________________ 轉(zhuǎn)向有機(jī)農(nóng)業(yè)
8．___________________________ 注重保持土壤的肥沃
9．_____________ 免受病害
10．_________________ 扎根很深
11．_____________________________ 避免對環(huán)境造成破壞
switch to organic farming
focus on keeping their soil rich
free of disease
put down deep roots
avoid damage to the environment
Ⅲ．寫作佳句
1．Over time，however，_____________________________ is that their long-term use can sometimes harm both the land and people's health．
然而，隨著時間的推移，一些科學(xué)家發(fā)現(xiàn)，長期使用它們有時會損害土地和人們的健康。
what some scientists have found
2．Therefore，there is still a long way _______________________ that puts sufficient food on the dinner table _____________ people and the environment as healthy as possible．
因此，要找到一個合適的解決方案，使人們的餐桌上有足夠的食物，同時保持人們和環(huán)境盡可能地健康仍然有很長的路要走。
3．For example，pesticides can damage the land by killing _______ harmful bacteria and insects，_______ helpful ones．
例如，農(nóng)藥不僅可以殺死有害的細(xì)菌和昆蟲，也會殺死有益的細(xì)菌和昆蟲，從而破壞土地。
to find a suitable solution
while keeping
not only
but also
Ⅳ．長難語句
1．Why different crops are grown is that they put important minerals back into the ground，making it ready for the next batch of crops．
[分析]　本句是一個復(fù)合句。Why different crops are grown是____從句。is后面是that引導(dǎo)的____從句，動詞-ing形式短語作____狀語。
[翻譯]　___________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
主語
表語
結(jié)果
種植不同作物的原因是它們把重要的礦物質(zhì)釋放回地里，讓它再次為下一批作物做好準(zhǔn)備。
2．What keeps them from doing so is the fact that chemical farming serves the high demand for food around the world．
[分析]　本句是一個復(fù)合句。What keeps them from doing so是what引導(dǎo)的____從句。fact后是由that引導(dǎo)的______ 從句。
[翻譯]　___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________

主語
同位語
阻止他們這樣做的原因是化學(xué)農(nóng)業(yè)滿足了世界各地對糧食的巨大需求。有機(jī)耕作完全不能滿足那樣的需求。
Ⅴ．課文語法填空
Chemical pesticides and artificial fertilisers 1．________ (be) in widespread use in farming since the middle of the 20th century．Over time，however，2．_____ some scientists have found is that their long-term use can sometimes harm both the land 3．___ people's health．For example，pesticides can damage the land by 4．_______ (kill) not only harmful bacteria and insects，but also helpful ones．As 5．__ alternative，some farmers have switched to organic farming．Organic
have been
what
and
killing
an
farmers focus on keeping their soil rich and free 6．_________ disease through natural means．Organic farmers also use many other methods 7．_________ (produce)rich soil．The goal of using different organic farming methods is to grow good food．Some people would prefer to stop the use of man-made chemicals in agriculture 8．_______(entire)．
But there is still a long way to find a 9．________ (suit) solution that puts sufficient food on the dinner table while 10．_______ (keep) people and the environment as healthy as possible．
of/from
to produce
entirely
suitable
keeping
1．(教材原句)It is celebrated in more than 150 countries，raising awareness and knowledge of the problems and causes behind world hunger and povery．
*poverty n．貧窮；貧困(poor adj．貧窮的；貧困的)
in poverty　　　　　 處于貧窮之中
a poverty of 缺乏
below/above the poverty line 在貧困線之下/之上
即學(xué)即練 單句語法填空/單句寫作
①He was rich，but is now reduced to _______(poor)．
②The poor man __ poverty sleeps on the floor at the doorway．
③三分之一的人口生活在貧困線或以下。
A third of the population is living at or ____________________．
poverty
in
below the poverty line
2．(教材原句)This affects the crops grown on the land and，in turn，the animals and humans who digest them．
*in turn相應(yīng)地；轉(zhuǎn)而；依次；輪流
by turns　　　　　　　　 輪流；交替地
take turns to do sth． 輪流做某事
it is one's turn to do sth． 輪到某人做某事
turn down 調(diào)低；拒絕
即學(xué)即練 單句語法填空/單句寫作
①When it was my turn ______ (give) a speech，I was too excited to speak．
②When my mother was ill，my brothers took turns ______ (take) care of her．
③(應(yīng)用文寫作之建議信)一方面，它不僅有助于強(qiáng)身健體，而且還反過來幫助我們更有效地學(xué)習(xí)。
For one thing，not only does it help to build up our health，_________
________________________________________．
to give
to take
but it
also helps us to learn more effectively in turn
3．(教材原句)They may look beautiful on the outside，but inside there is usually more water than essential minerals，and they often have less flavour as well．
*essential adj．完全必要的；極其重要的
(1)be essential to... 對……是不可缺少的
(2)it is essential for sb．to do sth． 對某人來說做某事是必要的
it is essential that...(should) do sth． 做某事是必不可少的
即學(xué)即練 單句語法填空/單句寫作
①It is essential that these application forms ________________ (send) back as early as possible．
②It is essential for technology companies ____________ (strengthen) competitive power．
③(應(yīng)用文寫作之建議信)飲食多樣化并保持飲食均衡是必要的。
__________________ your diet is varied and balanced．
(should) be sent
to strengthen
It is essential that
4．(教材原句)As an alternative，some farmers have switched to organic farming，and many customers have turned to organic food when they shop at the local grocery．
*alternative n．可供選擇的事物 adj．可供替代的；非傳統(tǒng)的(alternatively adv．要不然；或者)
have no alternative but to do sth．　 別無選擇只好做某事
have the alternative of doing sth． 有做某事的選擇，可以做某事
there's no alternative...but to do sth． ……別無選擇只好做某事
an alternative to... ……的替代品
即學(xué)即練 單句語法填空/單句寫作
①I had no alternative but ________(accept)the offer．
②If you don't like the school lunch，you have the alternative of ________(bring) your own．
③We could walk or _____________(alternative)we could go in Ted's car．
④(應(yīng)用文寫作之道歉信)我只能謝絕你的邀請，因?yàn)槲以诿τ跍?zhǔn)備期末考試。
Occupied in preparing for my final exam，I ______________________
_____________________．
to accept
bringing
alternatively
have no alternative but to
decline your invitation
5．(教材原句)Organic farmers also plant diverse crops that use different depths of soil to help keep it rich．
*depth n．向下(或向里)的距離；深(度)
in depth　　　　　　　　　　 全面；深入；詳細(xì)
from the depth of the mind 從心底里；真心地
at a depth of... 在……的深度
in the depths of... 在……深處
即學(xué)即練 單句語法填空/單句寫作
①Plant the beans __ a depth of about six inches．
②This is a new subject and needs to be explored __ depth．
③When her son got injured and disabled in the accident，she was in ___ depths of despair．
④不能期望較年輕的學(xué)生有深刻的理解能力。
Younger students cannot be expected _____________________________．
at
in
the
to have great depth of understanding
詞匯 1．flavour n．味道；特點(diǎn)；特色　2．digest vt．& vi．消化 vt．領(lǐng)會；領(lǐng)悟n．摘要；文摘　3．root n．根；根莖；根部；根源　4．a(chǎn)spect n．方面；層面
微練 1．(讀后續(xù)寫之場景描寫)As I stood in the kitchen，__________________________ of tomato sauce，I realized the importance of allowing life to surprise us．
當(dāng)我站在廚房里，被番茄醬香味包圍時，我意識到讓生活給我們驚喜的重要性。
2．(應(yīng)用文寫作之環(huán)境保護(hù))If the sea animals eat them by mistake，the rubbish will be ____________ and stay in their stomachs forever．
如果海洋動物誤吃了它們，垃圾將難以消化并永遠(yuǎn)留在他們的肚子里。
surrounded by the rich flavour
hard to digest
微練 3．(讀后續(xù)寫之主旨升華)With this experience ________________，I come to realize that everyone has his own flash point．
隨著這段經(jīng)歷根植于我的腦海中，我逐漸認(rèn)識到，每個人都有他自己的閃光點(diǎn)。
4．(應(yīng)用文寫作之求助信)I am writing to ask for your valuable advice on which ___________________ are extremely appealing to foreign friends．
我寫信是想就此文化的哪些方面對外國朋友極具吸引力這一問題征求您的寶貴意見。
rooted in my mind
aspects of the culture
1．(教材原句)For example，pesticides can damage the land by killing not only harmful bacteria and insects，but also helpful ones．
*not only...but also...句型
(1)句中not only...but also...“不僅……而且……”用作并列連詞，相當(dāng)于“not just...but also...”。
(2)該結(jié)構(gòu)常用來連接并列成分，如兩個主語、謂語、賓語、表語、定語、狀語或句子，在意義上強(qiáng)調(diào)后者，其中also可以省略。
(3)“not only...but also...”連接主語時，謂語動詞的數(shù)遵循就近原則；當(dāng)not only位于句首連接兩個句子時，第一個分句要用部分倒裝，第二個分句不倒裝。
即學(xué)即練 單句語法填空/句型轉(zhuǎn)換
①She not only ______ (write) the text but also selected the illustrations．
②Not only my friend but also I ____ (be) present at the conference yesterday．
③(應(yīng)用文寫作之活動介紹)The activity not only can enhance our English level，but it can also broaden our horizons．
→_____________________________________________， but it can also broaden our horizons．(倒裝句)
wrote
was
Not only can the activity enhance our English level
2．(教材原句)Why different crops are grown is that they put important minerals back into the ground，making it ready for the next batch of crops．
*動詞-ing形式短語作結(jié)果狀語
(1)本句中making it...為動詞-ing形式短語作結(jié)果狀語，表示前面的情況所造成的結(jié)果。
(2)動詞-ing形式短語作結(jié)果狀語，表示自然而然的、意料之中的結(jié)果。
(3)動詞不定式也可作結(jié)果狀語，但它通常表示一種“偶然的，出人意料的”結(jié)果，有時為了強(qiáng)調(diào)這種意外的結(jié)果，可在不定式前面加only，意為“(結(jié)果)卻……；只(只是)……”。
即學(xué)即練 單句語法填空/單句寫作
①M(fèi)ore highways have been built，_______ (make) it more convenient for people to travel around China．
②He hurried to the airport，only ________ (tell) that the plane had taken off．
③他匆匆趕到售票處，卻被告知所有的票都賣完了。
He hurried to the booking office，___________________________________
________________．
④(讀后續(xù)寫之情緒描寫)我覺得每個人都在盯著我看，讓我很緊張。
I felt like everyone was staring at me，___________________________．
making
to be told
only to be told that all the tickets were
making me extremely nervous
sold out
①chemical adj．與化學(xué)有關(guān)的；化學(xué)的 n．化學(xué)制品；化學(xué)品
②organic adj．有機(jī)的；不使用化肥的；有機(jī)物的
③pesticide n．殺蟲劑；除害藥物
④widespread adj．分布廣的；普遍的；廣泛的
⑤over time隨著時間的推移
⑥bacterium n．(pl．-ria)細(xì)菌
⑦not only...but also...不僅……而且……
⑧in addition另外，此外
in addition to除……之外(還有，也)
⑨in turn相應(yīng)地；轉(zhuǎn)而；依次；輪流
⑩digest vt．& vi．消化 vt．領(lǐng)會；領(lǐng)悟 n．摘要；文摘
DDT n．滴滴涕(舊時尤用作農(nóng)業(yè)殺蟲劑)
as for至于，關(guān)于
too...to...太……而不能……
nutrition n．營養(yǎng)；滋養(yǎng)
essential adj．完全必要的；極其重要的
be essential to/for 對……來說必不可少
mineral n．礦物；礦物質(zhì)
flavour (NAmE -vor) n．味道；特點(diǎn)；特色
as well也，又，同樣
alternative n．可供選擇的事物 adj．可供替代的；非傳統(tǒng)的
switch to 轉(zhuǎn)變；轉(zhuǎn)向
switch off(用開關(guān))關(guān)掉；切斷(電源)
turn to 轉(zhuǎn)向；求助于
grocery n．食品雜貨店；[pl．]食品雜貨
focus on 關(guān)注，聚焦
free of 無……的；擺脫了……的
means n．手段；方法
instance n．例子；實(shí)例；事例
for instance例如；比如
wheat n．小麥；小麥籽
batch n．一批；一組 vt．分批處理
a batch of一批
diverse adj．不同的；多種多樣的
depth n．向下(或向里)的距離；深(度)
root n．根；根莖；根部；根源
entirely adv．全部地；完整地；完全地
entire adj．全部的；整個的；完全的
serve the demand滿足需求
nowhere near完全沒有；遠(yuǎn)不及
meet the need滿足要求
sufficient adj．足夠的；充分的
CHEMICAL① VERSUS ORGANIC② FARMING
Chemical pesticides③ and artificial fertilisers have been in widespread④ use in farming since the middle of the 20th century．
When they were first introduced，many farmers welcomed them as a great way to fight crop disease and increase production．Over time⑤，however，what some scientists have found is that their long-term use can sometimes harm both the land and people's health[1]．
[1]what some scientists have found是主語從句，what是引導(dǎo)詞，what意為“……的事情”；that their long-term... people's health是表語從句，其中that是引導(dǎo)詞，在句中不作成分，沒有詞義。
For example，pesticides can damage the land by killing not only harmful bacteria⑥ and insects，but also⑦ helpful ones．In addition⑧，these chemicals can stay in the soil and underground water sources for a long time．This affects the crops grown on the land[2] and，in turn⑨，the animals and humans who digest⑩ them[3]．Many people worry that these chemicals may make them ill and even cause cancer．In fact，some pesticides like DDT have been prohibited in most countries because of the
damage they cause to people and the environment[4]．As for chemical fertilisers，crops grown with them usually grow too fast to be rich in nutrition ．They may look beautiful on the outside，but inside there is usually more water than essential minerals ，and they often have less flavour as well ．
[2]此處是過去分詞短語作后置定語，表被動意義，相當(dāng)于定語從句that are grown on the land。
[3]此處是定語從句，先行詞是the animals and humans，引導(dǎo)詞who在定語從句中作主語。
[4]此處是定語從句，先行詞是the damage，引導(dǎo)詞是that或which；引導(dǎo)詞在定語從句中作賓語，可以省略。
As an alternative ，some farmers have switched to organic farming，and many customers have turned to organic food when they shop at the local grocery ．Organic farming is simply farming without using any chemicals．Organic farmers focus on keeping their soil rich and free of disease through natural means ．For example，many organic farmers use natural waste from animals as fertiliser．This makes the soil in their fields richer in minerals．It also keeps the air，soil，water，and crops free of chemicals．
Organic farmers also use many other methods to produce rich soil．They often change the kind of crop grown in each field every year．For instance ，they may grow corn or wheat in a field one year，and then grow beans there the next．Why different crops are grown is that they put important minerals back into the ground，making it ready for the next batch of crops．[5] Organic farmers also plant diverse crops that use different depths of soil to help keep it rich[6]．For example，peanuts grow on the ground's surface，but many other vegetables put down deep roots ．The goal of using different organic farming methods is to grow good food while avoiding damage to the environment or to people's health．[7]
[5]Why different crops are grown是why引導(dǎo)的主語從句，why在主語從句中作狀語。句中that they put important minerals back into the ground是表語從句，引導(dǎo)詞是that，句中的making it ready for the next batch of crops是動詞-ing形式短語在句中作結(jié)果狀語。
[6]that use different depths of soil to help keep it rich是that引導(dǎo)的定語從句修飾先行詞crops，that在從句中作主語，也可用which替換。
[7]句中while avoiding...是省略結(jié)構(gòu)。
Some people would prefer to stop the use of man-made chemicals in agriculture entirely ．What keeps them from doing so is the fact that chemical farming serves the high demand for food around the world．[8] Organic farming is nowhere near able to meet that need ．Therefore，there is still a long way to find a suitable solution that puts sufficient food on the dinner table[9] while keeping people and the environment as healthy as possible．
[8]What keeps them from doing so是what引導(dǎo)的主語從句，what在從句中作主語。句中that chemical farming serves the high demand for food around the world是that引導(dǎo)的同位語從句，對fact進(jìn)行解釋說明，that沒有詞義，只起連接作用。
[9]that puts sufficient food on the dinner table是that引導(dǎo)的定語從句，修飾先行詞a suitable solution，that在定語從句中作主語。
化學(xué)耕作和有機(jī)耕作
自20世紀(jì)中期以來，化學(xué)農(nóng)藥和人工化肥在農(nóng)業(yè)中得到了廣泛使用。當(dāng)它們第一次被引進(jìn)時，許多農(nóng)民歡迎它們作為一種對抗作物病害和增加產(chǎn)量的好方法。然而，隨著時間的推移，一些科學(xué)家發(fā)現(xiàn)，長期使用它們有時會損害土地和人們的健康。
例如，農(nóng)藥不僅可以殺死有害的細(xì)菌和昆蟲，也會殺死有益的細(xì)菌和昆蟲，從而破壞土地。此外，這些化學(xué)物質(zhì)可以在土壤和地下水源中長期存在。這影響了生長在土地上的作物，進(jìn)而影響了消化它們的動物和人類。許多人擔(dān)心這些化學(xué)物質(zhì)會使他們生病甚至致癌。事實(shí)上，像滴滴涕這樣的殺蟲劑在大多數(shù)國家已經(jīng)被禁止了，因?yàn)樗鼈儗θ祟惡铜h(huán)境造成了破壞。至于化肥，通常施了化肥的農(nóng)作物生長得太快，無法提供豐富的營養(yǎng)。它們可能外表看起來很漂亮，但里面的水通常比必需的礦物質(zhì)多，而且味道也不太好。
作為一種選擇，一些農(nóng)民轉(zhuǎn)向有機(jī)農(nóng)業(yè)，許多顧客在當(dāng)?shù)仉s貨店購物時轉(zhuǎn)向有機(jī)食品。有機(jī)農(nóng)業(yè)就是不使用任何化學(xué)物質(zhì)的簡單農(nóng)業(yè)。有機(jī)農(nóng)場主注重通過自然的方式保持土壤的肥沃和免受病害。例如，許多有機(jī)農(nóng)場主使用來自動物的天然糞便作為肥料。這使得他們地里的土壤礦物質(zhì)更豐富。它還使空氣、土壤、水和農(nóng)作物不受化學(xué)物質(zhì)的污染。
有機(jī)農(nóng)場主也使用許多其他方法來制造肥沃的土壤。他們經(jīng)常每年改變每一塊地的作物種類。例如，他們可能一年在一塊地里種玉米或小麥，第二年在那里種豆子。種植不同作物的原因是它們把重要的礦物質(zhì)釋放回地里，讓它再次為下一批作物做好準(zhǔn)備。有機(jī)農(nóng)場主還種植多種作物，它們利用不同深度的土壤來幫助保持肥沃。例如，花生長在地面上，但許多其他蔬菜扎根很深。使用不同的有機(jī)耕作方法的目的是種植好的食物，同時避免對環(huán)境或人的健康造成損害。
有些人寧愿完全停止在農(nóng)業(yè)中使用人造化學(xué)品。阻止他們這樣做的原因是化學(xué)農(nóng)業(yè)滿足了世界各地對糧食的巨大需求。有機(jī)耕作完全不能滿足那樣的需求。因此，要找到一個合適的解決方案，使人們的餐桌上有足夠的食物，同時保持人們和環(huán)境盡可能地健康仍然有很長的路要走。
謝 謝！

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