資源簡介

Period 5　 課文整體教學(xué)(Using Language)
Ⅰ．文章大意
What's the main idea of the passage
A．How to make students keep quiet．
B．How to improve their teaching efficiency．
C．How to prevent students from being distracted．
D．How to know students by observing their body language．
Ⅱ．篇章結(jié)構(gòu)
1．How does a teacher know his students may have a problem
A．By talking to them individually．
B．By telephoning their parents．
C．By watching their behaviours．
D．By analysing their facial expressions．
2．What will students do if they are interested in a lesson
A．Look out of the window．
B．Hide their faces in their hands．
C．Lower their heads to look at the books．
D．Lean forward and look at the teacher．
3．If a student has serious conflicts with other students，what should a teacher do
A．Remind him/her to forget the conflicts．
B．Inquire and assess what is going on．
C．Adjust class activities．
D．Punish all of them for the conflicts．
4．Where is the text likely taken from
A．A social magazine．　
B．A science book．
C．A research report．
D．A health magazine．
1．Which student's situation is difficult to observe by their body language
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
2．Do you think it is useful for teacher to observe students' body language？Why
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Ⅰ．一詞多義/熟詞生義
1．barely adv．幾乎不；勉強(qiáng)才能；剛剛
①(教材原句)Their eyes barely move，and they always have the same distant expression on their faces． ______
②We had barely enough money to last through the weekend． ________
③I had barely started speaking when he came in and interrupted me． ____
2．occupy vt．使忙于；占據(jù)；占用；占領(lǐng)
①(教材原句)With their chins on their hands，they occupy themselves by staring out of the window or up at the ceiling． ______
②Their album has occupied the Number One chart for the past six weeks． ____
③The army equipped with most potent weapons occupied the enemy's capital soon． ____
3．The crash occurred on a sharp bend． _________
4．He distinguished himself in British theatre at a very early age． __________
Ⅱ．詞塊積累
1．__________________　　　　　　 往往會抬頭看
2．_____________ 向前傾
3．________________________ 低下他的頭
4．_________________________ 缺少眼神交流
5．______________________________________________________
他們的臉上有相同的疏遠(yuǎn)呆滯的表情
6．_____________________________ 用他們的手托著他們的下巴__7．_____________________ 提醒注意力不集中的學(xué)生
8．__________________________ 他們的雙臂交叉
9．_______________________ 用他們的手捂住臉
10．______________________ 被老師點(diǎn)名
11．________________________ 她的眼睛因哭泣而發(fā)紅
12．________________________ 遇到嚴(yán)重的沖突
13．_________________________ 調(diào)整課堂活動
14．_________________________ 對肢體語言作出反應(yīng)
Ⅲ．寫作佳句
1．The main thing is reminding ____________________ that they need to ______________ in class．
最主要的是提醒那些注意力不集中的學(xué)生，他們需要在課堂上集中注意力。
2．Their body language lets me know when to _________________________，when to intervene，and when to talk to students individually，so they can all get the most out of school．
他們的肢體語言讓我知道什么時候該調(diào)整課堂活動、什么時候該介入、什么時候該單獨(dú)和學(xué)生談話，這樣他們就能從學(xué)校里得到最大的收獲。
Ⅳ．長難語句
1．While it is easy to perceive when students are interested，bored，or distracted，it is sometimes much harder to distinguish when students are troubled．
[分析]　本句是一個主從復(fù)合句。While引導(dǎo)____ 狀語從句，兩個it都是________，to perceive．．．和to distinguish．．．是真正的主語。兩個when引導(dǎo)的都是____從句。
[翻譯]　__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
2．Reacting to body language is an important component of being a teacher．
[分析]　本句是一個簡單句。Reacting to body language是動詞-ing形式短語作____，being a teacher是動詞-ing形式短語作介詞of的____。
[翻譯]　__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Ⅴ．課文語法填空
As 1．__ educator，I can know what is going on in my students' minds by observing their body language and then make 2．___________ (adjustment) to maximize my class efficiency．
When students lean forward and look at me，I know they are really interested in the lesson．But if a student 3．______ (lower) his head to look at his watch，it implies he is bored．When two students lean 4．_____ (they) heads together，it shows they 5．____________ (write) notes to each other．When a student looks up but there is an absence of eye contact，I guess that he is paying no attention in class．Students who are angry，afraid，or experiencing anxiety may have their arms 6．_______ (cross) in front of their chests and their legs closed or crossed，like they are guarding their bodies．Students who are sad or worried will nearly always wear a frown．If a student doesn't bother to brush her hair and her eyes are red 7．____ weeping，there must be deeper issues at work．
8．__________ (ultimate)，my duty is helping every student to learn．Their body language lets me know when 9．__________ (change) class activities，when to intervene，and when to talk to students 10．____________ (individual)，so they can all get the most out of school．Reacting to body language is an important component of being a teacher．
1．(教材原句)Jeremy witnessed the whole incident and was expected to be the key witness at the trial．
*trial n．& v．審訊；審判；試驗(yàn)；試用
on trial (for．．．)　　　　　 (因……)受審；試用
go on trial 受審；開庭
put sb．on trial 將某人送上法庭
bring sb．to trial 將某人送交法庭審理
be sent for trial 被交付審判
a fair trial 公平的審判
by/through trial and error 通過反復(fù)試驗(yàn)
單句語法填空/單句寫作
①Learning to live with blindness was _ major trial for the young girl getting injured in an accident．
②The thief was __ trial for having stolen the valuable vase displayed in the museum．
③(讀后續(xù)寫之精彩結(jié)尾)幸運(yùn)的是，他的努力得到了回報，威利通過反復(fù)試驗(yàn)發(fā)現(xiàn)了一種全新的方法。
Thankfully，his effort paid off and Willie discovered a whole new method ______________________________．
2．(教材原句)We make assessments and inferences from body language．
*assessment n．評價；評定(assess vt．評估；評價)
assess sb．/sth．a(chǎn)s　　 評定……為……
assess sth．a(chǎn)t．．． 估價為……
單句語法填空/單句寫作
①(2024·全國甲卷)They use their noses __________ (assess) their environment and look out for any signs of danger．
②The damage to the building was assessed __ $40，000 after the big fire caused by a kid．
③(讀后續(xù)寫之動作描寫)她停頓了片刻來評估局勢，她的大腦飛速運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)，試圖想出最佳行動方案。
She paused for a moment to ______________________，her mind racing as she tried to figure out the best course of action．
3．in other words換句話說；也就是說
in a word　　　　　　 總之；簡言之
keep one's word 遵守諾言
break one's word 失信；不守諾言
have a word with．．． 與……談一談
word came that．．． 有消息傳來說……
用word的相關(guān)短語填空/單句寫作
①Once you have made a promise，you should ________________，or no one will trust you．
②He ______________________ so many times that I cannot trust him any more．
③(讀后續(xù)寫之行為描寫)經(jīng)理讓他立馬離開辦公室；換句話說，他被解雇了。
The manager asked him to leave the office right now；________________，he was fired．
4．(教材原句)People have a tendency to lean towards whatever they are interested in．
*tendency n．趨勢；傾向(tend v．往往會；傾向，趨于)
(1)have a tendency to do sth． 傾向于做某事
There is a growing tendency for sb．to do sth．
某人做某事的趨勢日益增長
(2)tend to do sth．　 傾向于做某事；往往會做某事
tend to/towards sth． 趨向；傾向于某事
tend (to) sb． 照料/照看某人
單句語法填空/單句寫作
①The gap between the rich and the poor has a ________ (tend) to become smaller and smaller in that area．
②I can't understand why some people tend ________ (look) down upon disabled people．
③青少年通過電腦或手機(jī)讀書而不是去圖書館讀書的趨勢正在增長。
________________________________________________________________ by computers or phones rather than go to the library to read books．
④(讀后續(xù)寫之環(huán)境描寫)花園里的花兒往往會在春天盛開，使空氣中彌漫著它們甜美的芬芳。
The flowers in the garden ___________________________________，filling the air with their sweet fragrances．
5．(教材原句)While it is easy to perceive when students are interested，bored，or distracted，it is sometimes much harder to distinguish when students are troubled．
*distinguish vi．& vt．區(qū)分；辨別(distinguished　adj．卓越的；著名的；杰出的)
(1)distinguish between A and B 區(qū)分A和B
distinguish．．．from．．． 把……與……區(qū)分開來
distinguish oneself (as．．．) 使自己(作為……而)出名
(2)be distinguished for．．． 因……而出名
be distinguished as．．． 作為……而出名
單句語法填空/單句寫作
①The twins are so alike that no one can distinguish one ____ the other except their parents．
②He distinguished himself __ a brilliant mathematician at a very young age．
③(應(yīng)用文寫作之介紹信)剪紙作為一種傳統(tǒng)的藝術(shù)形式而出名，在中國有著1 500多年的歷史。
Paper cutting _____________________ a traditional art form，which has a history of more than 1，500 years in China．
6．(教材原句)They may also hide their faces in their hands like they are embarrassed or ashamed．
*ashamed adj．羞愧；慚愧(shame n．羞恥；慚愧；令人遺憾的事)
(1)be/feel ashamed of sth．/sb． 因某事/某人而感到羞愧
be ashamed to do sth． 恥于做某事；因難為情而不愿做某事
be ashamed that．．． 對……感到羞愧
(2)It's a shame that．．． ……真讓人遺憾。
What a shame/pity! 真可惜！
單句語法填空/單句寫作
①She was ashamed _______ (ask) her teacher such a simple and stupid question．
②The parents felt ashamed __ their son when he was dismissed by the boss．
③很遺憾他們沒有參加那場音樂會。那是一場千載難逢的活動。
_____________________ they didn't attend the concert．It was a once-in-a-lifetime event．
④(讀后續(xù)寫之情緒描寫)他羞愧地用手把臉蒙住，拒絕和任何人交流。
He ______________________ he hid his face in his hands，refusing to communicate with anyone．
7．(教材原句)Some students act this way merely because they are afraid of being called on by the teacher．
*call on (短暫地)訪問；要求(某人講話等)；正式邀請
call on/upon sb．to do sth．號召/呼吁某人做某事
call for (公開)要求；需要；去接(某人)
call in 叫來；召來
call off 取消
call up 給……打電話；(使)回憶起；征召……入伍
單句語法填空/單句寫作
①Please call me __ at 8 pm when I have spare time to talk with you on the phone．
②The President called ________ people to work hard to make the country rich and strong．
③He insisted that we should call __ a professional doctor at this point．
④(應(yīng)用文寫作之通知)我們期待已久的足球賽被迫取消了。
The football match ________________，which we have been expecting for a long time．
⑤(讀后續(xù)寫之行為描寫)他們呼吁人們采取措施來抵制它。
They ____________________________________________ to fight against it．
8．(教材原句)Their body language lets me know when to adjust class activities，when to intervene，and when to talk to students individually，so they can all get the most out of school．
*adjust vt．調(diào)整；調(diào)節(jié) vi．& vt．適應(yīng)；(使)習(xí)慣
(adjustment n．調(diào)整；調(diào)節(jié)；適應(yīng) adjustable adj．可調(diào)節(jié)的)
(1)adjust．．．to．．．　　　　 調(diào)整……以適應(yīng)……
adjust to (doing) sth． 適應(yīng)(做)某事
adjust oneself to (doing)．．． 使自己適應(yīng)(做)……
(2)make an adjustment to．．． 對……做出調(diào)整
單句語法填空/句式和詞匯升級/單句寫作
①Brought up in the countryside，he finds it hard to adjust himself to ______ (live) in the city．
②(應(yīng)用文寫作之道歉信)I am writing to apologise to you for my not making ___________ (adjustment) to the relevant information in time，which caused great inconvenience to you．
③You can get used to the life in Beijing soon only by learning some basic Chinese in advance．
→_____________________________________________________________________________________ the life in Beijing soon．(倒裝句)
④(讀后續(xù)寫之人物描寫)她慢慢地適應(yīng)了新學(xué)校，結(jié)交了朋友，在陌生的環(huán)境中找到了自己的位置。
She slowly ______________________________，making friends and finding her place in the unfamiliar surroundings．
詞匯 1．pose n．故作姿態(tài)；(為畫像、拍照等擺的)姿勢 vi．?dāng)[好姿勢 vt．造成(威脅、問題等)　2．bend vt．& vi．(使)彎曲；傾斜；偏向　3．occupy vt．占據(jù)；占用　4．stare vi．盯著看；凝視 n．凝視　5．a(chǎn)nxiety n．焦慮；擔(dān)心；害怕　6．embarrassed adj．難堪的；尷尬的　7．bother vi．& vt．費(fèi)心；麻煩；因……操心 n．麻煩；不便
微練 1．(應(yīng)用文寫作之演講稿)Unhealthy eating habits _______________ to one's long-term physical well-being． 不健康的飲食習(xí)慣會對一個人長期的身體健康構(gòu)成威脅。 2．(讀后續(xù)寫之情緒描寫) Saying what a bad day，I __________ to pick the books up，feeling ashamed of myself． 我一邊說著這是多么糟糕的一天，一邊彎腰把書撿起來，感到很羞愧。 3．_____________________________________________，he didn't notice what was happening around him． 忙于翻譯一本英文小說，他沒有注意到身邊發(fā)生了什么。 4．She __________ the magnificent waterfall，her eyes wide with wonder． 她凝視著壯觀的瀑布，眼睛因驚奇而睜得很大。 5．I froze there with my empty wallet and a deep sense of ______________________________． 我拿著空空的錢包愣在那里，內(nèi)心充滿了深深的焦慮。 6．(讀后續(xù)寫之情緒描寫)Seeing that，I ____________________________ and could feel my heart thumping wildly，my face burning badly． 看到那樣的情形，我越發(fā)感到尷尬，能感覺到自己的心在瘋狂地跳動，臉也火辣辣地發(fā)燙。 7．In the next few days，this haunting bird occupied most of Daniel's thoughts，which _________________________． 在接下來的幾天里，這只縈繞心頭的鳥占據(jù)了丹尼爾的大部分心思，這讓他非常擔(dān)心。
1．(教材原句)Of course，not everyone who looks up is paying attention in class．
*部分否定
(1)“not everyone．．．/everyone．．．not”等表示部分否定，意為“并非每個人都……”。
(2)all，both，each，every，everyone，everybody，everything，always，whole，entirely等具有總括意義的詞語與否定詞連用時，構(gòu)成部分否定。
(3)當(dāng)表示完全否定意義時，英語中常用no，none，nobody，nothing，no one，neither等詞與謂語動詞的肯定形式連用來表達(dá)。
單句寫作/一句多譯
①我同意你說的大部分內(nèi)容，但不是全部都同意。
I agree with most of what you said，but I _______________________________．
②如報告所示，并非所有畢業(yè)生都能在畢業(yè)后找到一份合適的工作。
As is shown in the report，____________________________________________ after graduation．
③最近的一項(xiàng)調(diào)查顯示，并非我們學(xué)校的所有學(xué)生都在空閑時間進(jìn)行體育鍛煉。
a．A recent survey shows that __________________________________________ in their spare time．
b．A recent survey shows that _________________________________________ in their spare time．
2．(教材原句)Students who are angry，afraid，or experiencing anxiety may have their arms crossed in front of their chests and their legs closed or crossed，like they are guarding their bodies．
*have＋賓語＋過去分詞(作賓語補(bǔ)足語)
(1)句中have their arms crossed為“have＋賓語＋賓語補(bǔ)足語”結(jié)構(gòu)，賓語和賓語補(bǔ)足語之間是被動關(guān)系。
(2)“have＋賓語＋賓語補(bǔ)足語”的結(jié)構(gòu)如下：
①have sth．done讓別人做某事
②have sb．do sth．讓某人做某事
③have sb．doing sth．允許某人做某事(常用于否定句中)；使某人一直做某事(多用于肯定句中)
④have sth．to do有某事要做(主語自己做)
have sth．to be done有某事要做(不是主語自己做)
⑤have sth．doing sth．使某物保持某種狀態(tài)
單句語法填空/單句寫作
①It was freezing cold outside so she had the fire _______ (burn) day and night．
②The final examination coming，he asked the teacher how he could have his English ________ (improve)．
③Compared to little kids，we students have various activities ________ (take) part in after class．
④(應(yīng)用文寫作之道歉信)我很抱歉不能參加你的生日聚會，因?yàn)槲矣幸患匾氖乱幚怼?br/>I'm so sorry for not being able to attend your birthday party，for I ________________________________．
⑤我需要一本新護(hù)照，所以我得去照張相。
I need a new passport so I will have to ___________________________．
　　　　　　　　　
①educator n．教師；教育工作者；教育家
educated adj．受過教育的
②tick vt．給(試卷、問題等)打鉤號 vi．(鐘表)發(fā)出嘀嗒聲 n．鉤號
what makes sb．tick 使某人這樣做的原因
tick all the/one's boxes 投其所好；迎合眾人/某人的喜好
③be interested in 對……感興趣
④tend to do sth．易于做某事；往往會發(fā)生某事
⑤make a joke開玩笑
⑥tendency n．趨勢；傾向
have a tendency to do sth．傾向于做某事
⑦lower vt．把……放低；降低；減少 adj．下面的；下方的；較小的
low adj．低的；矮的
⑧imply vt．意味著；暗示
⑨barely adv．幾乎不；勉強(qiáng)才能；剛剛
bare adj．裸露的；(樹木)光禿禿的；(土地)荒蕪的
⑩spend time doing sth．花費(fèi)時間做某事
chin n．下巴
occupy vt．占據(jù)；占用
occupy sb．/oneself (in) doing/with sth．使某人/自己忙于做某事
stare vi．盯著看；凝視 n．凝視
stare at 盯著……看
ceiling n．天花板；上限
distracted adj．注意力分散的；思想不集中的
perceive vt．察覺；看待；理解
distinguish vi．& vt．區(qū)分；辨別
distinguished adj．杰出的；著名的
anxiety n．焦慮；擔(dān)心；害怕
anxious adj．焦慮的
chest n．胸部；胸膛
embarrassed adj．難堪的；尷尬的
embarrass vt．使尷尬
embarrassing adj．令人尷尬的
ashamed adj．羞愧；慚愧
shameful adj．可恥的，丟臉的
merely adv．只是；僅僅；只不過
call on(短暫地)訪問；要求(某人講話等)；正式邀請
bother vi．& vt．費(fèi)心；麻煩；因……操心 n．麻煩；不便
weep vi．& vt．哭泣；流淚
at work有某種影響；在工作
conflict n．矛盾；沖突
vi．沖突；抵觸
have conflicts with
與……有沖突
in conflict with與……相沖突
come into conflict with sb．與某人發(fā)生沖突
inquire vi．& vt．詢問；打聽
ultimately adv．最終；最后
[近義詞]finally，eventually 最后；最終
adjust vt．調(diào)整；調(diào)節(jié)
vi．& vt．適應(yīng)；(使)習(xí)慣
adjust (oneself)to．．．(使自己)適應(yīng)……
adjustable adj．可調(diào)節(jié)的
adjustment n．適應(yīng)；調(diào)節(jié)，調(diào)整
intervene vi．干預(yù)；介入
react vi．(對……)起反應(yīng)；回應(yīng)；(對食物等)有不良反應(yīng)
react to對……作出反應(yīng)
component n．組成部分；零件
HOW DO I KNOW MY STUDENTS
As an educator①，people often ask me how I know what is going on in the minds of my students[1]．Many students are quite shy and don't speak all that much．At the same time，in a classroom of more than forty students，it is hard to have many one-on-one conversations with each person[2]．So，how can I really know what makes each student tick②？
[1]how I know what is going on in the minds of my students是省略了that的賓語從句，這個賓語從句中又包含一個what引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。
[2]it is hard to have．．．中，it是形式主語，其中不定式to have．．．是真正的主語。
My answer？I look at their body language．
It is easy to recognise when students are interested in③ a lesson．Most tend to look up④ and make eye contact．When I make a joke⑤，they smile．When I talk about something difficult，they look confused．I know when students are really interested，however，because they lean forward and look at me．People have a tendency⑥ to lean towards whatever they are interested in[3]．So if a student has his head lowered⑦[4] to look at his watch，it implies⑧ he is bored and just counting the minutes for the class to end．If two friends are leaning their heads together，they are probably writing notes to each other．Of course，not everyone who looks up is paying attention in class[5]．Some students look up，but there is an absence of eye contact．Their eyes barely⑨ move，and they always have the same distant expression on their faces．It is as though they are asleep with their eyes open[6]．
[3]此處是whatever引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。
[4]此處是have sth．done結(jié)構(gòu)，意為“讓某事/事物被做”。
[5]此處是一個部分否定句，相當(dāng)于“everyone who looks up is not paying attention in class”，其中who looks up是who引導(dǎo)的定語從句，修飾everyone。
[6]as though意為“好像；仿佛”，在此處引導(dǎo)表語從句；with their eyes open是with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)，在句中作狀語。
Some students are amused by something else．They spend all their time looking⑩ anywhere but at me．Then again，some students' favourite activity is daydreaming[7]．With their chins on their hands[8], they occupy themselves by staring out of the window or up at the ceiling ．They are certainly interested in something，but who knows what．The main thing is reminding distracted students that they need to pay attention in class[9]．
[7]此處在句中作表語。
[8]此處是with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)，表伴隨，由“with＋賓語＋賓補(bǔ)(介詞短語)”構(gòu)成。
[9]此處在句中作表語，其中that引導(dǎo)賓語從句。
While it is easy to perceive when students are interested，bored，or distracted[10]，it is sometimes much harder to distinguish when students are troubled．Students who are angry，afraid，or experiencing anxiety may have their arms crossed[11] in front of their chests and their legs closed or crossed[11]，like they are guarding their bodies．Students who are sad or worried[12] will nearly always wear a frown．They may also hide their faces in their hands like they are embarrassed or ashamed ．Some students act this way merely because they are afraid of being called on by the teacher．However，if a student does not bother to brush her hair and her eyes are red from weeping ，then I can infer that there are deeper issues at work ．It could be that she is having serious conflicts with other students or at home．Whatever it is[13]，I know I need to inquire and assess what is going on．
[10]While it is easy to perceive when students are interested，bored，or distracted是while引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句，while意為“盡管”。it作形式主語，不定式to perceive．．．是真正的主語。
[11]have their arms crossed與(have)their legs closed or crossed都屬于have sth．done結(jié)構(gòu)。賓語和賓語補(bǔ)足語之間是邏輯上的被動關(guān)系。
[12]who are sad or worried是who引導(dǎo)的定語從句，修飾先行詞Students，who在從句中作主語。
[13]Whatever it is是whatever引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句。
Ultimately ，my duty is helping every student to learn．[14]Their body language lets me know when to adjust class activities，when to intervene ，and when to talk to students individually[15]，so they can all get the most out of school．Reacting to body language is an important component of being a teacher．
[14]此處是動詞-ing形式短語helping every student to learn作表語，這句話也可以寫成：Ultimately，helping every student to learn is my duty。
[15]when to adjust class activities，when to intervene，and when to talk to students individually是三個并列的“疑問詞＋動詞不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)，作know的賓語，連接方式是“A，B，and C”。
我是如何了解我的學(xué)生的？
作為一名教師，人們經(jīng)常問我，我是怎么知道自己的學(xué)生在想什么的。許多學(xué)生生性靦腆，沉默寡言。同時，在一個有40多名學(xué)生的教室里，很難與每個人進(jìn)行多次一對一的談話。那么，我是如何搞清楚每個學(xué)生為何會這樣的呢？
我的答案？我觀察他們的肢體語言。
學(xué)生對一堂課感興趣時，很容易就能識別出來。大多數(shù)人傾向于抬起頭并進(jìn)行眼神交流。我講笑話時，他們露出笑容。我講到難點(diǎn)時，他們看起來很困惑。然而，我知道學(xué)生們什么時候是真正感興趣的，因?yàn)樗麄儠蚯皟A，看著我。人們對某個事物感興趣時，身體就會向前傾斜。所以，如果一個學(xué)生低頭看著手表，這就表明他很無聊，只是在數(shù)著時間，盼著早點(diǎn)下課。如果兩個朋友把頭靠在一起，那么他們很可能是在互相寫便條。當(dāng)然，不是每個抬頭看的學(xué)生都在專心聽講。有些學(xué)生雖然抬著頭，卻沒有眼神交流。他們的眼睛幾乎不動，臉上表情疏遠(yuǎn)呆滯，好像睜著眼睛在睡覺。
有些學(xué)生被別的東西逗樂了。整節(jié)課他們始終盯著別的東西，沒看我一眼。此外，有些學(xué)生最喜歡的活動就是做白日夢。他們用手托著下巴，全神貫注地注視著窗外或天花板。他們一定是對某件事感興趣，但誰知道是什么呢。最主要的是提醒那些注意力不集中的學(xué)生，他們需要在課堂上集中注意力。
盡管學(xué)生們何時(對講課)感興趣、何時感到無聊或精力不集中是容易察覺的，但要發(fā)現(xiàn)學(xué)生何時有困擾有時會難得多。憤怒、害怕或經(jīng)歷焦慮的學(xué)生可能會把雙臂交叉放在胸前，雙腿并攏或交叉，像是在保護(hù)自己的身體。傷心或憂慮的學(xué)生幾乎總是皺著眉頭。他們也可能會用手掩面，就像他們感到尷尬或羞愧一樣。有些學(xué)生這樣做，只是因?yàn)樗麄兒ε卤焕蠋燑c(diǎn)名。但是，要是學(xué)生都懶得梳頭，并且兩眼因哭泣而發(fā)紅，那么我能夠推斷她遇到了更嚴(yán)重的問題。可能是她和其他學(xué)生，或者在家里發(fā)生了嚴(yán)重的沖突。不管是什么，我知道我需要詢問并評估正在發(fā)生的事情。
最后，我的職責(zé)是幫助每個學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)。他們的肢體語言讓我知道什么時候該調(diào)整課堂活動、什么時候該介入、什么時候該單獨(dú)和學(xué)生談話，這樣他們就能從學(xué)校里得到最大的收獲。對肢體語言的反應(yīng)是成為一名教師的一個重要組成部分。
Period 5
課文理解
Task 1　整體理解
Ⅰ.D
Ⅱ.1.tick　2.body language　3.interested　4.bored
5．distracted　6.troubled　7.Reacting to
Task 2　細(xì)節(jié)理解
1－4　CDBA
Task 3　多維探究
略
課文精粹
Ⅰ.1.①幾乎不　②勉強(qiáng)才能　③剛剛
2．①使忙于　②占據(jù)　③占領(lǐng)
3．n.轉(zhuǎn)彎處
4．vt.使出眾
Ⅱ.1.tend to look up　2.lean forward　3.have his head lowered　4.an absence of eye contact　5.have the same distant expression on their faces　6.with their chins on their hands　7.remind distracted students　8.have their arms crossed　9.hide their faces in their hands　10.be called on by the teacher　11.her eyes are red from weeping
12．have serious conflicts　13.adjust class activities
14．react to body language
Ⅲ.1.distracted students；pay attention　2.adjust class activities
Ⅳ.1.分析：讓步；形式主語；賓語
翻譯：盡管學(xué)生們何時(對講課)感興趣、何時感到無聊或精力不集中是容易察覺的，但要發(fā)現(xiàn)學(xué)生何時有困擾有時會難得多。
2．分析：主語；賓語
翻譯：對肢體語言的反應(yīng)是成為一名教師的一個重要組成部分。
Ⅴ.1.an　2.adjustments　3.lowers　4.their　5.are writing
6．crossed　7.from　8.Ultimately　9.to change
10．individually
核心詞匯
1．①a　②on　③by/through trial and error
2．①to assess　②at　③assess the situation
3．①keep your word　②has broken his word　③in other words
4．①tendency　②to look　③There is a growing tendency for teenagers to read books　④tend/tended to bloom in spring
5．①from　②as　③is distinguished as
6．①to ask　②of　③It's a shame that　④was so ashamed that
7．①up　②on/upon　③in　④was called off　⑤called on/upon people to take measures
8．①living　②adjustments　③Only by learning some basic Chinese in advance can you adjust yourself to　④adjusted to the new school
要點(diǎn)拾遺
1．pose a threat　2.bent down　3.Occupied in translating an English novel　4.stared at　5.anxiety filled up my heart
6．became increasingly embarrassed　7.bothered him very much
句法句式
1．①don't agree with everything　②not all graduates can/all graduates can't find a proper job　③not all the students in our school take physical exercise；all the students in our school don't take physical exercise
2．①burning　②improved　③to take　④have an important thing to deal with　⑤have my photograph taken
1 / 1(共79張PPT)
復(fù)習(xí)任務(wù)群一
現(xiàn)代文閱讀Ⅰ
把握共性之“新”　打通應(yīng)考之“脈”
UNIT 4　BODY LANGUAGE
主題語境　人與社會——跨文化溝通
Period 5　課時練案 課文整體教學(xué)(Using Language)
√
Ⅰ．文章大意
What's the main idea of the passage
A．How to make students keep quiet．
B．How to improve their teaching efficiency．
C．How to prevent students from being distracted．
D．How to know students by observing their body language．
Ⅱ．篇章結(jié)構(gòu)
tick
body
language
interested
bored
distracted
troubled
Reacting to
√
1．How does a teacher know his students may have a problem
A．By talking to them individually．
B．By telephoning their parents．
C．By watching their behaviours．
D．By analysing their facial expressions．
√
2．What will students do if they are interested in a lesson
A．Look out of the window．
B．Hide their faces in their hands．
C．Lower their heads to look at the books．
D．Lean forward and look at the teacher．
√
3．If a student has serious conflicts with other students，what should a teacher do
A．Remind him/her to forget the conflicts．
B．Inquire and assess what is going on．
C．Adjust class activities．
D．Punish all of them for the conflicts．
√
4．Where is the text likely taken from
A．A social magazine．　
B．A science book．
C．A research report．
D．A health magazine．
1．Which student's situation is difficult to observe by their body language
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
2．Do you think it is useful for teacher to observe students' body language？Why
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
[答案]　略
Ⅰ．一詞多義/熟詞生義
1．barely adv．幾乎不；勉強(qiáng)才能；剛剛
①(教材原句)Their eyes barely move，and they always have the same distant expression on their faces． ______
②We had barely enough money to last through the weekend． ________
③I had barely started speaking when he came in and interrupted me． ______
幾乎不
勉強(qiáng)才能
剛剛
2．occupy vt．使忙于；占據(jù)；占用；占領(lǐng)
①(教材原句)With their chins on their hands，they occupy themselves by staring out of the window or up at the ceiling． ________
②Their album has occupied the Number One chart for the past six weeks． ________
③The army equipped with most potent weapons occupied the enemy's capital soon． ________
使忙于
占據(jù)
占領(lǐng)
3．The crash occurred on a sharp bend． __________
4．He distinguished himself in British theatre at a very early age．
__________
n．轉(zhuǎn)彎處
vt．使出眾
Ⅱ．詞塊積累
1．_____________ 往往會抬頭看
2．_____________ 向前傾
3．_____________________ 低下他的頭
4．______________________ 缺少眼神交流
5．________________________________________
他們的臉上有相同的疏遠(yuǎn)呆滯的表情
tend to look up
lean forward
have his head lowered
an absence of eye contact
have the same distant expression on their faces
6．__________________________ 用他們的手托著他們的下巴
7．______________________ 提醒注意力不集中的學(xué)生
8．____________________ 他們的雙臂交叉
9．__________________________ 用他們的手捂住臉
10．_____________________ 被老師點(diǎn)名
with their chins on their hands
remind distracted students
have their arms crossed
hide their faces in their hands
be called on by the teacher
11．__________________________ 她的眼睛因哭泣而發(fā)紅
12．____________________ 遇到嚴(yán)重的沖突
13．____________________ 調(diào)整課堂活動
14．____________________ 對肢體語言作出反應(yīng)
her eyes are red from weeping
have serious conflicts
adjust class activities
react to body language
Ⅲ．寫作佳句
1．The main thing is reminding ___________________ that they need to __________________ in class．
最主要的是提醒那些注意力不集中的學(xué)生，他們需要在課堂上集中注意力。
2．Their body language lets me know when to _______________________，when to intervene，and when to talk to students individually，so they can all get the most out of school．
他們的肢體語言讓我知道什么時候該調(diào)整課堂活動、什么時候該介入、什么時候該單獨(dú)和學(xué)生談話，這樣他們就能從學(xué)校里得到最大的收獲。
pay attention
distracted students
adjust class activities
Ⅳ．長難語句
1．While it is easy to perceive when students are interested，bored，or distracted，it is sometimes much harder to distinguish when students are troubled．
[分析]　本句是一個主從復(fù)合句。While引導(dǎo)_______ 狀語從句，兩個it都是____________to perceive...和to distinguish...是真正的主語。兩個when引導(dǎo)的都是________從句。
[翻譯]　___________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
讓步
形式主語
賓語
盡管學(xué)生們何時(對講課)感興趣、何時感到無聊或精力不
集中是容易察覺的，但要發(fā)現(xiàn)學(xué)生何時有困擾有時會難得多。
2．Reacting to body language is an important component of being a teacher．
[分析]　本句是一個簡單句。Reacting to body language是動詞-ing形式短語作______，being a teacher是動詞-ing形式短語作介詞of的____。
[翻譯]　___________________________________________________
主語
賓語
對肢體語言的反應(yīng)是成為一名教師的一個重要組成部分。
Ⅴ．課文語法填空
As 1．_______ educator，I can know what is going on in my students' minds by observing their body language and then make 2．______________ (adjustment) to maximize my class efficiency．
When students lean forward and look at me，I know they are really interested in the lesson．But if a student 3．________ (lower) his head to look at his watch，it implies he is bored．When two students lean 4．______ (they) heads together，it shows they 5．_________ (write) notes to each other．When a student looks up but there is an absence of
an
adjustments
lowers
their
are writing
eye contact，I guess that he is paying no attention in class．Students who are angry，afraid，or experiencing anxiety may have their arms 6．_________ (cross) in front of their chests and their legs closed or crossed，like they are guarding their bodies．Students who are sad or worried will nearly always wear a frown．If a student doesn't bother to brush her hair and her eyes are red 7．_________ weeping，there must be deeper issues at work．
8．__________ (ultimate)，my duty is helping every student to learn．Their body language lets me know when 9．________ (change)
crossed
from
Ultimately
to change
class activities，when to intervene，and when to talk to students 10．___________ (individual)，so they can all get the most out of school．Reacting to body language is an important component of being a teacher．
individually
on trial (for...)　　　　　 (因……)受審；試用
go on trial 受審；開庭
put sb．on trial 將某人送上法庭
bring sb．to trial 將某人送交法庭審理
1．(教材原句)Jeremy witnessed the whole incident and was expected to be the key witness at the trial．
*trial n．& v．審訊；審判；試驗(yàn)；試用
be sent for trial 被交付審判
a fair trial 公平的審判
by/through trial and error 通過反復(fù)試驗(yàn)
即學(xué)即練 單句語法填空/單句寫作
①Learning to live with blindness was __ major trial for the young girl getting injured in an accident．
②The thief was ___ trial for having stolen the valuable vase displayed in the museum．
③(讀后續(xù)寫之精彩結(jié)尾)幸運(yùn)的是，他的努力得到了回報，威利通過反復(fù)試驗(yàn)發(fā)現(xiàn)了一種全新的方法。
Thankfully，his effort paid off and Willie discovered a whole new method ________________________．
a
on
by/through trial and error
assess sb．/sth．a(chǎn)s　　 評定……為……
assess sth．a(chǎn)t... 估價為……
2．(教材原句)We make assessments and inferences from body language．
*assessment n．評價；評定(assess vt．評估；評價)
即學(xué)即練 單句語法填空/單句寫作
①(2024·全國甲卷)They use their noses __________ (assess) their environment and look out for any signs of danger．
②The damage to the building was assessed ____ $40，000 after the big fire caused by a kid．
③(讀后續(xù)寫之動作描寫)她停頓了片刻來評估局勢，她的大腦飛速運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)，試圖想出最佳行動方案。
She paused for a moment to ________________，her mind racing as she tried to figure out the best course of action．
to assess
at
assess the situation
3．in other words換句話說；也就是說
in a word　　　　　　 總之；簡言之
keep one's word 遵守諾言
break one's word 失信；不守諾言
have a word with... 與……談一談
word came that... 有消息傳來說……
即學(xué)即練 用word的相關(guān)短語填空/單句寫作
①Once you have made a promise，you should _______________，or no one will trust you．
②He _________________ so many times that I cannot trust him any more．
③(讀后續(xù)寫之行為描寫)經(jīng)理讓他立馬離開辦公室；換句話說，他被解雇了。
The manager asked him to leave the office right now；_______________，he was fired．
keep your word
has broken his word
in other words
4．(教材原句)People have a tendency to lean towards whatever they are interested in．
*tendency n．趨勢；傾向(tend v．往往會；傾向，趨于)
(1)have a tendency to do sth． 傾向于做某事
There is a growing tendency for sb．to do sth．
某人做某事的趨勢日益增長
(2)tend to do sth．　 傾向于做某事；往往會做某事
tend to/towards sth． 趨向；傾向于某事
tend (to) sb． 照料/照看某人
即學(xué)即練 單句語法填空/單句寫作
①The gap between the rich and the poor has a ________ (tend) to become smaller and smaller in that area．
②I can't understand why some people tend ________ (look) down upon disabled people．
③青少年通過電腦或手機(jī)讀書而不是去圖書館讀書的趨勢正在增長。
_______________________________________________ by computers or phones rather than go to the library to read books．
tendency
to look
There is a growing tendency for teenagers to read books
④(讀后續(xù)寫之環(huán)境描寫)花園里的花兒往往會在春天盛開，使空氣中彌漫著它們甜美的芬芳。
The flowers in the garden _____________________________，filling the air with their sweet fragrances．
tend/tended to bloom in spring
5．(教材原句)While it is easy to perceive when students are interested，bored，or distracted，it is sometimes much harder to distinguish when students are troubled．
*distinguish vi．& vt．區(qū)分；辨別(distinguished　adj．卓越的；著名的；杰出的)
(1)distinguish between A and B 區(qū)分A和B
distinguish...from... 把……與……區(qū)分開來
distinguish oneself (as...) 使自己(作為……而)出名
(2)be distinguished for... 因……而出名
be distinguished as... 作為……而出名
即學(xué)即練 單句語法填空/單句寫作
①The twins are so alike that no one can distinguish one _______ the other except their parents．
②He distinguished himself ____a brilliant mathematician at a very young age．
③(應(yīng)用文寫作之介紹信)剪紙作為一種傳統(tǒng)的藝術(shù)形式而出名，在中國有著1 500多年的歷史。
Paper cutting __________________ a traditional art form，which has a history of more than 1，500 years in China．
from
as
is distinguished as
(1)be/feel ashamed of sth．/sb． 因某事/某人而感到羞愧
be ashamed to do sth． 恥于做某事；因難為情而不愿做某事
be ashamed that... 對……感到羞愧
(2)It's a shame that... ……真讓人遺憾。
What a shame/pity! 真可惜！
6．(教材原句)They may also hide their faces in their hands like they are embarrassed or ashamed．
*ashamed adj．羞愧；慚愧(shame n．羞恥；慚愧；令人遺憾的事)
即學(xué)即練 單句語法填空/單句寫作
①She was ashamed ________ (ask) her teacher such a simple and stupid question．
②The parents felt ashamed ____their son when he was dismissed by the boss．
to ask
of
③很遺憾他們沒有參加那場音樂會。那是一場千載難逢的活動。
________________ they didn't attend the concert．It was a once-in-a-lifetime event．
④(讀后續(xù)寫之情緒描寫)他羞愧地用手把臉蒙住，拒絕和任何人交流。
He __________________ he hid his face in his hands，refusing to communicate with anyone．
It's a shame that
was so ashamed that
call on/upon sb．to do sth． 號召/呼吁某人做某事
call for (公開)要求；需要；去接(某人)
call in 叫來；召來
call off 取消
call up 給……打電話；(使)回憶起；征召……入伍
7．(教材原句)Some students act this way merely because they are afraid of being called on by the teacher．
*call on (短暫地)訪問；要求(某人講話等)；正式邀請
即學(xué)即練 單句語法填空/單句寫作
①Please call me ___ at 8 pm when I have spare time to talk with you on the phone．
②The President called ________ people to work hard to make the country rich and strong．
③He insisted that we should call ____ a professional doctor at this point．
④(應(yīng)用文寫作之通知)我們期待已久的足球賽被迫取消了。
The football match ______________，which we have been expecting for a long time．
up
on/upon
in
was called off
⑤(讀后續(xù)寫之行為描寫)他們呼吁人們采取措施來抵制它。
They ____________________________________ to fight against it．
called on/upon people to take measures
(1)adjust...to...　　　　 調(diào)整……以適應(yīng)……
adjust to (doing) sth． 適應(yīng)(做)某事
adjust oneself to (doing)... 使自己適應(yīng)(做)……
(2)make an adjustment to... 對……做出調(diào)整
8．(教材原句)Their body language lets me know when to adjust class activities，when to intervene，and when to talk to students individually，so they can all get the most out of school．
*adjust vt．調(diào)整；調(diào)節(jié) vi．& vt．適應(yīng)；(使)習(xí)慣
(adjustment n．調(diào)整；調(diào)節(jié)；適應(yīng) adjustable adj．可調(diào)節(jié)的)
即學(xué)即練 單句語法填空/句式和詞匯升級/單句寫作
①Brought up in the countryside，he finds it hard to adjust himself to ________ (live) in the city．
②(應(yīng)用文寫作之道歉信)I am writing to apologise to you for my not making _______________ (adjustment) to the relevant information in time，which caused great inconvenience to you．
living
adjustments
③You can get used to the life in Beijing soon only by learning some basic Chinese in advance．
→___________________________________________________________________ the life in Beijing soon．(倒裝句)
④(讀后續(xù)寫之人物描寫)她慢慢地適應(yīng)了新學(xué)校，結(jié)交了朋友，在陌生的環(huán)境中找到了自己的位置。
She slowly _______________________，making friends and finding her place in the unfamiliar surroundings．
Only by learning some basic Chinese in advance can you adjust
yourself to
adjusted to the new school
詞匯 1．pose n．故作姿態(tài)；(為畫像、拍照等擺的)姿勢 vi．?dāng)[好姿勢 vt．造成(威脅、問題等)　2．bend vt．& vi．(使)彎曲；傾斜；偏向　3．occupy vt．占據(jù)；占用　4．stare vi．盯著看；凝視 n．凝視　5．a(chǎn)nxiety n．焦慮；擔(dān)心；害怕　6．embarrassed adj．難堪的；尷尬的　7．bother vi．& vt．費(fèi)心；麻煩；因……操心 n．麻煩；不便
微練 1．(應(yīng)用文寫作之演講稿)Unhealthy eating habits __________ to one's long-term physical well-being．
不健康的飲食習(xí)慣會對一個人長期的身體健康構(gòu)成威脅。
2．(讀后續(xù)寫之情緒描寫) Saying what a bad day，I ___________ to pick the books up，feeling ashamed of myself．
我一邊說著這是多么糟糕的一天，一邊彎腰把書撿起來，感到很羞愧。
pose a threat
bent down
微練 3．__________________________________，he didn't notice what was happening around him．
忙于翻譯一本英文小說，他沒有注意到身邊發(fā)生了什么。
4．She ________the magnificent waterfall，her eyes wide with wonder．
她凝視著壯觀的瀑布，眼睛因驚奇而睜得很大。
Occupied in translating an English novel
stared at
微練 5．I froze there with my empty wallet and a deep sense of _______________________．
我拿著空空的錢包愣在那里，內(nèi)心充滿了深深的焦慮。
6．(讀后續(xù)寫之情緒描寫)Seeing that，I _____________________
_____________ and could feel my heart thumping wildly，my face burning badly．
看到那樣的情形，我越發(fā)感到尷尬，能感覺到自己的心在瘋狂地跳動，臉也火辣辣地發(fā)燙。
anxiety filled up my heart
became increasingly
embarrassed
微練 7．In the next few days，this haunting bird occupied most of Daniel's thoughts，which _____________________．
在接下來的幾天里，這只縈繞心頭的鳥占據(jù)了丹尼爾的大部分心思，這讓他非常擔(dān)心。
bothered him very much
1．(教材原句)Of course，not everyone who looks up is paying attention in class．
*部分否定
(1)“not everyone.../everyone...not”等表示部分否定，意為“并非每個人都……”。
(2)all，both，each，every，everyone，everybody，everything，always，whole，entirely等具有總括意義的詞語與否定詞連用時，構(gòu)成部分否定。
(3)當(dāng)表示完全否定意義時，英語中常用no，none，nobody，nothing，no one，neither等詞與謂語動詞的肯定形式連用來表達(dá)。
即學(xué)即練 單句寫作/一句多譯
①我同意你說的大部分內(nèi)容，但不是全部都同意。
I agree with most of what you said，but I _______________________．
②如報告所示，并非所有畢業(yè)生都能在畢業(yè)后找到一份合適的工作。
As is shown in the report，____________________________________________
_______________after graduation．
don't agree with everything
not all graduates can/all graduates can't
find a proper job
③最近的一項(xiàng)調(diào)查顯示，并非我們學(xué)校的所有學(xué)生都在空閑時間進(jìn)行體育鍛煉。
a．A recent survey shows that __________________________________
_______________ in their spare time．
b．A recent survey shows that __________________________________
_______________ in their spare time．
not all the students in our school take
physical exercise
all the students in our school don't take
physical exercise
(1)句中have their arms crossed為“have＋賓語＋賓語補(bǔ)足語”結(jié)構(gòu)，賓語和賓語補(bǔ)足語之間是被動關(guān)系。
(2)“have＋賓語＋賓語補(bǔ)足語”的結(jié)構(gòu)如下：
①have sth．done讓別人做某事
②have sb．do sth．讓某人做某事
2．(教材原句)Students who are angry，afraid，or experiencing anxiety may have their arms crossed in front of their chests and their legs closed or crossed，like they are guarding their bodies．
*have＋賓語＋過去分詞(作賓語補(bǔ)足語)
③have sb．doing sth．允許某人做某事(常用于否定句中)；使某人一直做某事(多用于肯定句中)
④have sth．to do有某事要做(主語自己做)
have sth．to be done有某事要做(不是主語自己做)
⑤have sth．doing sth．使某物保持某種狀態(tài)
即學(xué)即練 單句語法填空/單句寫作
①It was freezing cold outside so she had the fire _________ (burn) day and night．
②The final examination coming，he asked the teacher how he could have his English ________ (improve)．
③Compared to little kids，we students have various activities ________ (take) part in after class．
burning
improved
to take
④(應(yīng)用文寫作之道歉信)我很抱歉不能參加你的生日聚會，因?yàn)槲矣幸患匾氖乱幚怼?br/>I'm so sorry for not being able to attend your birthday party，for I ______________________________．
⑤我需要一本新護(hù)照，所以我得去照張相。
I need a new passport so I will have to _________________________．
have an important thing to deal with
have my photograph taken
①educator n．教師；教育工作者；教育家
educated adj．受過教育的
②tick vt．給(試卷、問題等)打鉤號 vi．(鐘表)發(fā)出嘀嗒聲 n．鉤號
what makes sb．tick 使某人這樣做的原因
tick all the/one's boxes 投其所好；迎合眾人/某人的喜好
③be interested in 對……感興趣
④tend to do sth．易于做某事；往往會發(fā)生某事
⑤make a joke開玩笑
⑥tendency n．趨勢；傾向
have a tendency to do sth．傾向于做某事
⑦lower vt．把……放低；降低；減少 adj．下面的；下方的；較小的
low adj．低的；矮的
⑧imply vt．意味著；暗示
⑨barely adv．幾乎不；勉強(qiáng)才能；剛剛
bare adj．裸露的；(樹木)光禿禿的；(土地)荒蕪的
⑩spend time doing sth．花費(fèi)時間做某事
chin n．下巴
occupy vt．占據(jù)；占用
occupy sb．/oneself (in) doing/with sth．使某人/自己忙于做某事
stare vi．盯著看；凝視 n．凝視
stare at 盯著……看
ceiling n．天花板；上限
distracted adj．注意力分散的；思想不集中的
perceive vt．察覺；看待；理解
distinguish vi．& vt．區(qū)分；辨別
distinguished adj．杰出的；著名的
anxiety n．焦慮；擔(dān)心；害怕
anxious adj．焦慮的
chest n．胸部；胸膛
embarrassed adj．難堪的；尷尬的
embarrass vt．使尷尬
embarrassing adj．令人尷尬的
ashamed adj．羞愧；慚愧
shameful adj．可恥的，丟臉的
merely adv．只是；僅僅；只不過
call on(短暫地)訪問；要求(某人講話等)；正式邀請
bother vi．& vt．費(fèi)心；麻煩；因……操心 n．麻煩；不便
weep vi．& vt．哭泣；流淚
at work有某種影響；在工作
conflict n．矛盾；沖突
vi．沖突；抵觸
have conflicts with
與……有沖突
in conflict with與……相沖突
come into conflict with sb．與某人發(fā)生沖突
inquire vi．& vt．詢問；打聽
ultimately adv．最終；最后
[近義詞]finally，eventually 最后；最終
adjust vt．調(diào)整；調(diào)節(jié)
vi．& vt．適應(yīng)；(使)習(xí)慣
adjust (oneself)to...(使自己)適應(yīng)……
adjustable adj．可調(diào)節(jié)的
adjustment n．適應(yīng)；調(diào)節(jié)，調(diào)整
intervene vi．干預(yù)；介入
react vi．(對……)起反應(yīng)；回應(yīng)；(對食物等)有不良反應(yīng)
react to對……作出反應(yīng)
component n．組成部分；零件
HOW DO I KNOW MY STUDENTS
As an educator①，people often ask me how I know what is going on in the minds of my students[1]．Many students are quite shy and don't speak all that much．At the same time，in a classroom of more than forty students，it is hard to have many one-on-one conversations with each person[2]．So，how can I really know what makes each student tick②？
[1]how I know what is going on in the minds of my students是省略了that的賓語從句，這個賓語從句中又包含一個what引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。
[2]it is hard to have...中，it是形式主語，其中不定式to have...是真正的主語。
My answer？I look at their body language．
It is easy to recognise when students are interested in③ a lesson．Most tend to look up④ and make eye contact．When I make a joke⑤，they smile．When I talk about something difficult，they look confused．I know when students are really interested，however，because they lean forward and look at me．People have a tendency⑥ to lean towards whatever they are interested in[3]．So if a student has his head lowered⑦[4] to look at his watch，it implies⑧ he is bored and just counting the minutes for the class to end．If two friends are leaning their
heads together，they are probably writing notes to each other．Of course，not everyone who looks up is paying attention in class[5]．Some students look up，but there is an absence of eye contact．Their eyes barely⑨ move，and they always have the same distant expression on their faces．It is as though they are asleep with their eyes open[6]．
[3]此處是whatever引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。
[4]此處是have sth．done結(jié)構(gòu)，意為“讓某事/事物被做”。
[5]此處是一個部分否定句，相當(dāng)于“everyone who looks up is not paying attention in class”，其中who looks up是who引導(dǎo)的定語從句，修飾everyone。
[6]as though意為“好像；仿佛”，在此處引導(dǎo)表語從句；with their eyes open是with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)，在句中作狀語。
Some students are amused by something else．They spend all their time looking⑩ anywhere but at me．Then again，some students' favourite activity is daydreaming[7]．With their chins on their hands[8], they occupy themselves by staring out of the window or up at the ceiling ．They are certainly interested in something，but who knows what．The main thing is reminding distracted students that they need to pay attention in class[9]．
[7]此處在句中作表語。
[8]此處是with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)，表伴隨，由“with＋賓語＋賓補(bǔ)(介詞短
語)”構(gòu)成。
[9]此處在句中作表語，其中that引導(dǎo)賓語從句。
While it is easy to perceive when students are interested，bored，or distracted[10]，it is sometimes much harder to distinguish when students are troubled．Students who are angry，afraid，or experiencing anxiety may have their arms crossed[11] in front of their chests and their legs closed or crossed[11]，like they are guarding their bodies．Students who are sad or worried[12] will nearly always wear a frown．They may also hide their faces in their hands like they are embarrassed or ashamed ．Some students act this way merely because they are afraid of being called on by the teacher．However，
if a student does not bother to brush her hair and her eyes are red from weeping ，then I can infer that there are deeper issues at work ．It could be that she is having serious conflicts with other students or at home．Whatever it is[13]，I know I need to inquire and assess what is going on．
[10]While it is easy to perceive when students are interested，bored，or distracted是while引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句，while意為“盡管”。it作形式主語，不定式to perceive...是真正的主語。
[11]have their arms crossed與(have)their legs closed or crossed都屬于have sth．done結(jié)構(gòu)。賓語和賓語補(bǔ)足語之間是邏輯上的被動關(guān)系。
[12]who are sad or worried是who引導(dǎo)的定語從句，修飾先行詞Students，who在從句中作主語。
[13]Whatever it is是whatever引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句。
Ultimately ，my duty is helping every student to learn．[14]Their body language lets me know when to adjust class activities，when to intervene ，and when to talk to students individually[15]，so they can all get the most out of school．Reacting to body language is an important component of being a teacher．
[14]此處是動詞-ing形式短語helping every student to learn作表語，這句話也可以寫成：Ultimately，helping every student to learn is my duty。
[15]when to adjust class activities，when to intervene，and when to talk to students individually是三個并列的“疑問詞＋動詞不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)，作know的賓語，連接方式是“A，B，and C”。
我是如何了解我的學(xué)生的？
作為一名教師，人們經(jīng)常問我，我是怎么知道自己的學(xué)生在想什么的。許多學(xué)生生性靦腆，沉默寡言。同時，在一個有40多名學(xué)生的教室里，很難與每個人進(jìn)行多次一對一的談話。那么，我是如何搞清楚每個學(xué)生為何會這樣的呢？
我的答案？我觀察他們的肢體語言。
學(xué)生對一堂課感興趣時，很容易就能識別出來。大多數(shù)人傾向于抬起頭并進(jìn)行眼神交流。我講笑話時，他們露出笑容。我講到
難點(diǎn)時，他們看起來很困惑。然而，我知道學(xué)生們什么時候是真正感興趣的，因?yàn)樗麄儠蚯皟A，看著我。人們對某個事物感興趣時，身體就會向前傾斜。所以，如果一個學(xué)生低頭看著手表，這就表明他很無聊，只是在數(shù)著時間，盼著早點(diǎn)下課。如果兩個朋友把頭靠在一起，那么他們很可能是在互相寫便條。當(dāng)然，不是每個抬頭看的學(xué)生都在專心聽講。有些學(xué)生雖然抬著頭，卻沒有眼神交流。他們的眼睛幾乎不動，臉上表情疏遠(yuǎn)呆滯，好像睜著眼睛在睡覺。
有些學(xué)生被別的東西逗樂了。整節(jié)課他們始終盯著別的東西，
沒看我一眼。此外，有些學(xué)生最喜歡的活動就是做白日夢。他們用手托著下巴，全神貫注地注視著窗外或天花板。他們一定是對某件事感興趣，但誰知道是什么呢。最主要的是提醒那些注意力不集中的學(xué)生，他們需要在課堂上集中注意力。
盡管學(xué)生們何時(對講課)感興趣、何時感到無聊或精力不集中是容易察覺的，但要發(fā)現(xiàn)學(xué)生何時有困擾有時會難得多。憤怒、害怕或經(jīng)歷焦慮的學(xué)生可能會把雙臂交叉放在胸前，雙腿并攏或交叉，像是在保護(hù)自己的身體。傷心或憂慮的學(xué)生幾乎總是皺著眉頭。他們也可能會用手掩面，就像他們感到尷尬或羞愧一樣。有些學(xué)生
這樣做，只是因?yàn)樗麄兒ε卤焕蠋燑c(diǎn)名。但是，要是學(xué)生都懶得梳頭，并且兩眼因哭泣而發(fā)紅，那么我能夠推斷她遇到了更嚴(yán)重的問題。可能是她和其他學(xué)生，或者在家里發(fā)生了嚴(yán)重的沖突。不管是什么，我知道我需要詢問并評估正在發(fā)生的事情。
最后，我的職責(zé)是幫助每個學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)。他們的肢體語言讓我知道什么時候該調(diào)整課堂活動、什么時候該介入、什么時候該單獨(dú)和學(xué)生談話，這樣他們就能從學(xué)校里得到最大的收獲。對肢體語言的反應(yīng)是成為一名教師的一個重要組成部分。
謝 謝！

展開更多......

收起↑