資源簡介

Period 2　 課文整體閱讀(Reading and Thinking)
Ⅰ．文章大意
What's mainly talked about in the passage
A．Communication．　 B．Spoken language．
C．Body language． D．Different cultures．
Ⅱ．篇章結構
1．How does the author develop the text
A．By giving examples．
B．By giving data．
C．By giving definitions．
D．By making comparisons．
2．What's the purpose of the second paragraph
A．To give examples of mistakes the international people make．
B．To give examples of cultural differences in body language．
C．To show how surprised we are by their different behaviour．
D．To show how important body language is．
3．Which of the following is NOT true according to paragraph 6
A．A smile can help us get through difficult situations．
B．A smile can help us find friends in a world of strangers．
C．We can't use a smile to apologise．
D．We can use a smile to greet someone，to ask for help，or to start a conversation．
4．What does the text mainly tell us
A．How to appreciate the art of non-verbal humour．
B．Ways and context in which people use and understand body language．
C．The function of body language and its implications in different cultures．
D．When and how to convey meanings by means of body language．
1．Do you often use body language to communicate with others
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
2．What do you think the meaning of body language is
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Ⅰ．一詞多義/熟詞生義
1．demonstrate vt．表現(xiàn)；表達；說明；證明；示范；演示 vi．集會示威
①(教材原句)In Japan，it may demonstrate respect to look down when talking to an older person． ________
②These results demonstrate convincingly that our campaign is working． ________
③Her job involves demonstrating new educational software to teachers． ________
④Students from towns in the country started demonstrating against the war． ____________
2．favour vt．較喜歡；選擇；有利于 n．幫助；恩惠；贊同；支持
①(教材原句)Elsewhere，people favour shaking hands，bowing from the waist，or nodding the head when they meet someone else． __________
②The warm climate favours many types of tropical plants living there． __________
③Could you do me a favour and pick up Sam from school today？ _______
④The suggestion to close the road has found favour with local people． _____________
3．(2023·全國甲卷)It was a neighbor called Mario，coming to bring us a box containing some tomatoes and a bottle of wine．It was a very nice gesture for him to make． _______
Ⅱ．詞塊積累
1．_______________________________ 因文化而異
2．____________________________ 適合這種文化
3．__________________ 進行眼神交流
4．___________________________ 并不總是被認可
5．____________________ 表示尊敬
6．____________________ 使用這個手勢
7．______________________ 喜歡握手
8．_____________________ 彎腰鞠躬
9．__________________________ 渡過難關
10．_____________________ 消除隔閡；打破障礙
11．______________ 尋求幫助
12．______________________ 感到沮喪或孤獨
Ⅲ．寫作佳句
1．Just like spoken language，body language __________________________________．
就像口語一樣，肢體語言也因文化而異。
2．And if we are feeling down or lonely，________________________________ seeing the smiling face of a good friend．
而且如果我們感到沮喪或孤獨，沒有什么比看到好朋友的笑臉更好的了。
3．A smile can help us ___________________________________ and find friends in a world of strangers．A smile can _____________________．
微笑能幫助我們渡過難關，在陌生人的世界里找到朋友。微笑能夠消除隔閡。
Ⅳ．長難語句
1．Words are important，but the way people stand，hold their arms，and move their hands can also give us information about their feelings．
[分析]　本句是一個并列復合句。but連接兩個____的分句。后一分句的people stand，hold their arms，and move their hands是省略了that或in which的____ 從句，修飾先行詞the way。
[翻譯]　__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
2．There are also differences in how we touch each other，how close we stand to someone we are talking to，and how we act when we meet or part．
[分析]　本句是一個主從復合句。how we touch．．．，how close we stand．．．，and how we act．．．是三個由how引導的并列的____從句，作介詞in的賓語。其中，we are talking to是____從句，修飾先行詞someone；when we meet or part 是________從句。
[翻譯]　__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Ⅴ．課文語法填空
We use both words and body language to express our thoughts and opinions when 1．_______________(communicate) with other people．Body language can make us learn a lot about 2．____ people are thinking．Just like 3．______ (speak) language，body language 4．______ (vary) from culture to culture．The crucial thing is using body language in 5．_ way that is appropriate to the culture you are in．For example，the gesture for “OK” has 6．_________ (differ) meanings in different cultures．Even the gestures we use for “yes” and “no” differ around the world．Some gestures seem to have the same 7．_______ (mean) everywhere．8．_______ (place) your hands together and resting them on the side of your head while closing your eyes means “sleep”．Some body language has many different uses．Perhaps the best example is smiling．A smile can help us get 9．_______ difficult situations and find friends in a world of strangers．If we are feeling down or lonely，there is nothing 10．______ (good) than seeing the smiling face of a good friend．
　　　　　　　　　　　　
①thought n．想法；看法；主意
②interaction n．交流；相互影響
interaction with與……的交流
③vary vi．(根據(jù)情況)變化；改變
vary from．．．to．．．由……到……不等
various adj．各種各樣的
variety n．多樣化；不同種類
④crucial adj．至關重要的；關鍵性的
⑤appropriate adj．合適的；恰當?shù)?br/>be appropriate for/to適合……
It is appropriate (for sb．) to do sth．(某人)做某事是合適的
⑥by contrast 相比之下
⑦approve vi．贊成；同意vt．批準；通過
approve of 贊同；同意
approval n．贊成；認可
⑧demonstrate vt．表現(xiàn)；表達；說明；證明
⑨look down俯視；向下看
⑩gesture n．手勢；姿勢；姿態(tài)
witness vt．當場看到；目擊；見證 n．目擊者；證人
witness sb．doing sth．看到某人在做某事
employ vt．使用；應用；雇用
employ sb．to do sth．雇用某人做某事
employ sb．a(chǎn)s．．．雇用某人當……
employee n．雇員
employer n．雇主
identical adj．相同的
be identical to/with．．．與……一樣
interpret vt．把……理解(解釋)為vi．& vt．口譯
interpret sth．a(chǎn)s 把某人的行為或某事理解為
differ vi．相異；不同于
differ from．．．(＝be different from．．．) 與……不同/有區(qū)別
differ in．．．在……方面不同
different adj．不同的
difference n．不同之處；差異
make a difference 有影響
by comparison (與……) 相比較
cheek n．面頰；臉頰
favour vt．較喜歡；選擇；有利于 n．幫助；恩惠；贊同
in favour of支持；贊同
bow vi．鞠躬；點頭 vt．低(頭) n．弓；蝴蝶結
bow to sb．向某人鞠躬
waist n．腰；腰部
rest v．(被)支撐；(使)倚靠；托
a way of doing sth．做某事的方法
get through 渡過(難關)；完成；順利通過(考試等)
break down 消除；分解；打破
barrier n．隔閡；障礙
break down barriers 消除隔閡；打破障礙
language barrier 語言障礙
ask for help 尋求幫助
feel down 感到沮喪
LISTENING TO HOW BODIES TALK
We use both words and body language to express our thoughts① and opinions in our interactions② with other people．We can learn a lot about what people are thinking[1] by watching their body language[2]．Words are important，but the way people stand，hold their arms，and move their hands[3] can also give us information about their feelings．
[1]what people are thinking是what引導的名詞性從句，作介詞about的賓語，what在從句中作thinking的賓語。
[2]by watching their body language作方式狀語。
[3]people stand，hold their arms，and move their hands是定語從句，修飾先行詞the way。關系詞在從句中作狀語，可用that，in which或省略關系詞。此處省略了關系詞。
Just like spoken language，body language varies③ from culture to culture．The crucial④ thing is using body language in a way that is appropriate⑤ to the culture you are in[4]．For example，making eye contact—looking into someone's eyes—in some countries[5] is a way to display interest．In other countries，by contrast⑥，eye contact is not always approved⑦ of．For example，in many Middle Eastern countries，men and women are not socially permitted to make eye contact．In Japan，it may demonstrate⑧ respect to look down⑨ when talking to an older person[6]．
[4]動詞-ing形式短語using body language．．．作表語；that is appropriate to the culture you are in是定語從句，修飾先行詞a way，that在從句中作主語，這個句子中的you are in也是一個定語從句，修飾先行詞the culture，關系詞因在從句中作賓語而被省略。
[5]動詞-ing形式短語making eye contact．．．作主語，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。
[6]when talking to an older person是狀語從句的省略，補充完整應為when they are talking to an older person。
The gesture⑩ for “OK” has different meanings in different cultures．In Japan，someone who witnesses another person employing the gesture[7] might think it means money．In France, a person encountering an identical gesture may interpret it as meaning zero[8]．However，you should avoid making this gesture in Brazil and Germany，as it is not considered polite．
[7]who witnesses another person employing the gesture是who引導的定語從句，修飾先行詞someone。
[8]encountering an identical gesture是動詞-ing形式短語作定語，修飾名詞a person，a person與encountering之間是邏輯上的主動關系。動詞-ing形式短語meaning zero作介詞as的賓語。
Even the gestures we use for “yes” and “no”[9] differ around the world．In many countries，shaking one's head means “no”，and nodding[10] means “yes”．By comparison ，in Bulgaria and southern Albania，the gestures have the opposite meaning．There are also differences in how we touch each other，how close we stand to someone we are talking to，and how we act when we meet or part[11]．In countries like France and Russia，people may kiss their friends on the cheek when they meet．Elsewhere，people favour shaking hands，bowing from the waist ，or nodding the head when they meet someone else[12]．
[9]此處是省略關系詞的定語從句，修飾先行詞the gestures。
[10]動詞-ing形式短語shaking one's head和nodding都在句中作主語，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。
[11]how we touch．．．，how close we stand．．．，and how we act．．．是三個由how引導的并列的賓語從句，其中，we are talking to是定語從句，修飾先行詞someone；when we meet or part 是時間狀語從句。
[12]本句中三個并列的動詞-ing形式短語shaking hands, bowing from the waist和nodding the head作favour的賓語，連接方式是“A，B，or C”；when they meet someone else是時間狀語從句。
Some gestures seem to have the same meaning everywhere．Placing your hands together and resting them on the side of your head[13] while closing your eyes[14] means “sleep”．A good way of saying “I am full” is moving your hand in circles over your stomach after a meal．
[13]本句中兩個并列的動詞-ing形式短語作主語，表示同一件事，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。
[14]while closing your eyes是時間狀語從句的省略，補充完整為while you are closing your eyes。
Some body language has many different uses．Perhaps the best example is smiling．A smile can help us get through difficult situations and find friends in a world of strangers．A smile can break down barriers ．We can use a smile to apologise，to greet someone，to ask for help ，or to start a conversation[15]．Experts suggest smiling at yourself in the mirror[16] to make yourself feel happier and stronger．And if we are feeling down or lonely，there is nothing better than[17] seeing the smiling face of a good friend．
[15]此處是四個并列的目的狀語，連接形式是“A，B，C，or D”。
[16]此處是動詞-ing形式短語作suggest的賓語。suggest doing sth．意為“建議做某事”。
[17]此處是“否定詞＋比較級”表示最高級含義。
傾聽身體的訴說
在與別人的交流中，我們用言語和肢體語言來表達我們的想法和觀點。通過觀察別人的肢體語言，我們能夠了解很多他們的想法。言語很重要，但是人們站立、雙手抱臂和移動雙手的姿勢也能為我們提供有關他們情感的信息。
就像口語一樣，肢體語言也因文化而異。最重要的是使用肢體語言的方式要適合你所處的文化。例如，在一些國家，眼神交流——直視某人的眼睛，是表示興趣的一種方式。相反，在另一些國家，眼神交流并不總是被認可。例如，在許多中東國家，社交上不允許男性和女性進行眼神交流。在日本，和年長的人講話時，目光向下以示尊敬。
“OK”這個手勢在不同的文化中有不同的含義。在日本，一個人看到另一個人使用這個手勢，可能會認為這意味著錢。在法國，看到同一個手勢的人可能會將其解讀為“零”。然而，在巴西和德國，你應該避免使用這個手勢，因為它被認為是不禮貌的。
甚至我們用來表示“是”與“不是”的身勢語，在世界各地都不一樣。在許多國家，搖頭表示“不”，點頭表示“是”。相比之下，在保加利亞和阿爾巴尼亞南部，這兩種身勢語的含義是相反的。差異還表現(xiàn)在我們彼此接觸的方式、站著交談時我們與談話對象的距離以及我們見面或告別時的動作方面。在法國和俄羅斯等國，人們和朋友見面時可能會親吻他們的臉頰。在其他地方，人們見面時更喜歡握手、彎腰鞠躬或者點頭。
有些手勢似乎在每個地方都有相同的意思。雙手并攏放在頭部的一側，同時閉上眼睛，表示“睡覺”。表示“我吃飽了”的一個好方式，就是用餐后用手在胃部輕輕轉圈。
有些肢體語言有許多不同的用途。最好的例子或許就是微笑。微笑能幫助我們渡過難關，在陌生人的世界里找到朋友。微笑能夠消除隔閡。我們可以用微笑來道歉、問候他人、尋求幫助或者主動攀談。專家建議對著鏡子微笑來讓自己感到更快樂、更堅強。而且如果我們感到沮喪或孤獨，沒有什么比看到好朋友的笑臉更好的了。
Period 2
課文理解
Task 1　整體理解
Ⅰ.C
Ⅱ.1.feelings　2.eye　3.same　4.uses
Task 2　細節(jié)理解
1－4　ABCC
Task 3　多維探究
略
課文精粹
Ⅰ.1.①vt.表達　②vt.證明?、踲t.演示?、躹i.集會示威
2．①vt.較喜歡?、趘t.有利于?、踤.幫助?、躰.支持；贊同
3．n.姿態(tài)
Ⅱ.1.vary from culture to culture　2.be appropriate to the culture　3.make eye contact　4.be not always approved of
5．demonstrate respect　6.employ the gesture　7.favour shaking hands　8.bow from the waist　9.get through difficult situations　10.break down barriers　11.ask for help　12.feel down or lonely
Ⅲ.1.varies from culture to culture　2.there is nothing better than　3.get through difficult situations；break down barriers
Ⅳ.1.分析：并列；定語
翻譯：言語很重要，但是人們站立、雙手抱臂和移動雙手的姿勢也能為我們提供有關他們情感的信息。
2．分析：賓語；定語；時間狀語
翻譯：差異還表現(xiàn)在我們彼此接觸的方式、站著交談時我們與談話對象的距離以及我們見面或告別時的動作方面。
Ⅴ.1.communicating 　2.what　3.spoken　4.varies　5.a　6.different　7.meaning　8.Placing　9.through　10.better
2 / 2(共44張PPT)
復習任務群一
現(xiàn)代文閱讀Ⅰ
把握共性之“新”　打通應考之“脈”
UNIT 4　BODY LANGUAGE
主題語境 人與社會——跨文化溝通
Period 2　課時練案 課文整體閱讀(Reading and Thinking)
√
Ⅰ．文章大意
What's mainly talked about in the passage
A．Communication．　 B．Spoken language．
C．Body language． D．Different cultures．
Ⅱ．篇章結構
feelings
eye
same
uses
√
1．How does the author develop the text
A．By giving examples．
B．By giving data．
C．By giving definitions．
D．By making comparisons．
√
2．What's the purpose of the second paragraph
A．To give examples of mistakes the international people make．
B．To give examples of cultural differences in body language．
C．To show how surprised we are by their different behaviour．
D．To show how important body language is．
√
3．Which of the following is NOT true according to paragraph 6
A．A smile can help us get through difficult situations．
B．A smile can help us find friends in a world of strangers．
C．We can't use a smile to apologise．
D．We can use a smile to greet someone，to ask for help，or to start a conversation．
√
4．What does the text mainly tell us
A．How to appreciate the art of non-verbal humour．
B．Ways and context in which people use and understand body language．
C．The function of body language and its implications in different cultures．
D．When and how to convey meanings by means of body language．
1．Do you often use body language to communicate with others
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
2．What do you think the meaning of body language is
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
[答案]　略
1．demonstrate vt．表現(xiàn)；表達；說明；證明；示范；演示 vi．集會示威
①(教材原句)In Japan，it may demonstrate respect to look down when talking to an older person． _________
②These results demonstrate convincingly that our campaign is working． _________
vt．表達
vt．證明
Ⅰ．一詞多義/熟詞生義
③Her job involves demonstrating new educational software to teachers． _________
④Students from towns in the country started demonstrating against the war． ______________
vt．演示
vi．集會示威
2．favour vt．較喜歡；選擇；有利于 n．幫助；恩惠；贊同；支持
①(教材原句)Elsewhere，people favour shaking hands，bowing from the waist，or nodding the head when they meet someone else． ___________
②The warm climate favours many types of tropical plants living there． ____________
③Could you do me a favour and pick up Sam from school today？ ________
④The suggestion to close the road has found favour with local people． _______________
vt．較喜歡
vt．有利于
n．幫助
n．支持；贊同
3．(2023·全國甲卷)It was a neighbor called Mario，coming to bring us a box containing some tomatoes and a bottle of wine．It was a very nice gesture for him to make． _________
n．姿態(tài)
Ⅱ．詞塊積累
1．____________________________　 因文化而異
2．____________________________ 適合這種文化
3．____________________________ 進行眼神交流
4．____________________________ 并不總是被認可
5．____________________________ 表示尊敬
6．____________________________ 使用這個手勢
vary from culture to culture
be appropriate to the culture
make eye contact
be not always approved of
demonstrate respect
employ the gesture
7．__________________________ 喜歡握手
8．__________________________ 彎腰鞠躬
9．__________________________ 渡過難關
10．_________________________ 消除隔閡；打破障礙
11．_________________________ 尋求幫助
12．_________________________ 感到沮喪或孤獨
favour shaking hands
bow from the waist
get through difficult situations
break down barriers
ask for help
feel down or lonely
Ⅲ．寫作佳句
1．Just like spoken language，body language _____________________
_______．
就像口語一樣，肢體語言也因文化而異。
2．And if we are feeling down or lonely，_______________________ seeing the smiling face of a good friend．
而且如果我們感到沮喪或孤獨，沒有什么比看到好朋友的笑臉更好的了。
varies from culture to
there is nothing better than
culture
3．A smile can help us __________________________ and find friends in a world of strangers．A smile can ______________________．
微笑能幫助我們渡過難關，在陌生人的世界里找到朋友。微笑能夠消除隔閡。
get through difficult situations
break down barriers
Ⅳ．長難語句
1．Words are important，but the way people stand，hold their arms，and move their hands can also give us information about their feelings．
[分析]　本句是一個并列復合句。but連接兩個_____的分句。后一分句的people stand，hold their arms，and move their hands是省略了that或in which的____ 從句，修飾先行詞the way。
[翻譯]　___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
并列
定語
言語很重要，但是人們站立、雙手抱臂和移動雙手的姿勢
也能為我們提供有關他們情感的信息。
2．There are also differences in how we touch each other，how close we stand to someone we are talking to，and how we act when we meet or part．
[分析]　本句是一個主從復合句。how we touch…，how close we stand…，and how we act…是三個由how引導的并列的____從句，作介詞in的賓語。其中，we are talking to是_____從句，修飾先行詞someone；when we meet or part 是_________從句。
[翻譯]　___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
賓語
定語
時間狀語
差異還表現(xiàn)在我們彼此接觸的方式、站著交談時我們與談
話對象的距離以及我們見面或告別時的動作方面。
Ⅴ．課文語法填空
We use both words and body language to express our thoughts and opinions when 1．_______________(communicate) with other people．
Body language can make us learn a lot about 2．____ people are thinking．Just like 3．_________ (speak) language，body language 4．______ (vary) from culture to culture．The crucial thing is using body language in 5．___way that is appropriate to the culture you are in．For example，the gesture for “OK” has 6．__________ (differ) meanings in different cultures．Even the
communicating
what
spoken
varies
a
different
gestures we use for “yes” and “no” differ around the world．Some gestures seem to have the same 7．____________ (mean) everywhere．8．________ (place) your hands together and resting them on the side of your head while closing your eyes means “sleep”．Some body language has many different uses．Perhaps the best example is smiling．A smile can help us get 9．________ difficult situations and find friends in a world of strangers．If we are feeling down or lonely，there is nothing 10．________ (good) than seeing the smiling face of a good friend．
meaning
Placing
through
better
①thought n．想法；看法；主意
②interaction n．交流；相互影響
interaction with與……的交流
③vary vi．(根據(jù)情況)變化；改變
vary from…to…由……到……不等
various adj．各種各樣的
variety n．多樣化；不同種類
④crucial adj．至關重要的；關鍵性的
⑤appropriate adj．合適的；恰當?shù)?br/>be appropriate for/to適合……
It is appropriate (for sb．) to do sth．(某人)做某事是合適的
⑥by contrast 相比之下
⑦approve vi．贊成；同意vt．批準；通過
approve of 贊同；同意
approval n．贊成；認可
⑧demonstrate vt．表現(xiàn)；表達；說明；證明
⑨look down俯視；向下看
⑩gesture n．手勢；姿勢；姿態(tài)
witness vt．當場看到；目擊；見證 n．目擊者；證人
witness sb．doing sth．看到某人在做某事
employ vt．使用；應用；雇用
employ sb．to do sth．雇用某人做某事
employ sb．a(chǎn)s…雇用某人當……
employee n．雇員
employer n．雇主
identical adj．相同的
be identical to/with…與……一樣
interpret vt．把……理解(解釋)為vi．& vt．口譯
interpret sth．a(chǎn)s 把某人的行為或某事理解為
differ vi．相異；不同于
differ from…(＝be different from…) 與……不同/有區(qū)別
differ in…在……方面不同
different adj．不同的
difference n．不同之處；差異
make a difference 有影響
by comparison (與……) 相比較
cheek n．面頰；臉頰
favour vt．較喜歡；選擇；有利于 n．幫助；恩惠；贊同
in favour of支持；贊同
bow vi．鞠躬；點頭 vt．低(頭) n．弓；蝴蝶結
bow to sb．向某人鞠躬
waist n．腰；腰部
rest v．(被)支撐；(使)倚靠；托
a way of doing sth．做某事的方法
get through 渡過(難關)；完成；順利通過(考試等)
break down 消除；分解；打破
barrier n．隔閡；障礙
break down barriers 消除隔閡；打破障礙
language barrier 語言障礙
ask for help 尋求幫助
feel down 感到沮喪
LISTENING TO HOW BODIES TALK
We use both words and body language to express our thoughts① and opinions in our interactions② with other people．We can learn a lot about what people are thinking[1] by watching their body language[2]．Words are important，but the way people stand，hold their arms，and move their hands[3] can also give us information about their feelings．
[1]what people are thinking是what引導的名詞性從句，作介詞about的賓語，what在從句中作thinking的賓語。
[2]by watching their body language作方式狀語。
[3]people stand，hold their arms，and move their hands是定語從句，修飾先行詞the way。關系詞在從句中作狀語，可用that，in which或省略關系詞。此處省略了關系詞。
Just like spoken language，body language varies③ from culture to culture．The crucial④ thing is using body language in a way that is appropriate⑤ to the culture you are in[4]．For example，making eye contact—looking into someone's eyes—in some countries[5] is a way to display interest．In other countries，by contrast⑥，eye contact is not always approved⑦ of．For example，in many Middle Eastern countries，men and women are not socially permitted to make eye contact．In Japan，it may demonstrate⑧ respect to look down⑨ when talking to an older person[6]．
[4]動詞-ing形式短語using body language…作表語；that is appropriate to the culture you are in是定語從句，修飾先行詞a way，that在從句中作主語，這個句子中的you are in也是一個定語從句，修飾先行詞the culture，關系詞因在從句中作賓語而被省略。
[5]動詞-ing形式短語making eye contact…作主語，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。
[6]when talking to an older person是狀語從句的省略，補充完整應為when they are talking to an older person。
The gesture⑩ for “OK” has different meanings in different cultures．In Japan，someone who witnesses another person employing the gesture[7] might think it means money．In France, a person encountering an identical gesture may interpret it as meaning zero[8]．However，you should avoid making this gesture in Brazil and Germany，as it is not considered polite．
[7]who witnesses another person employing the gesture是who引導的定語從句，修飾先行詞someone。
[8]encountering an identical gesture是動詞-ing形式短語作定語，修飾名詞a person，a person與encountering之間是邏輯上的主動關系。動詞-ing形式短語meaning zero作介詞as的賓語。
Even the gestures we use for “yes” and “no”[9] differ around the world．In many countries，shaking one's head means “no”，and nodding[10] means “yes”．By comparison ，in Bulgaria and southern Albania，the gestures have the opposite meaning．There are also differences in how we touch each other，how close we stand to someone we are talking to，and how we act when we meet or part[11]．In countries like France and Russia，people may kiss their friends on the cheek when they meet．Elsewhere，people favour shaking hands，bowing from the waist ，or nodding the head when they meet someone else[12]．
[9]此處是省略關系詞的定語從句，修飾先行詞the gestures。
[10]動詞-ing形式短語shaking one's head和nodding都在句中作主語，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。
[11]how we touch…，how close we stand…，and how we act…是三個由how引導的并列的賓語從句，其中，we are talking to是定語從句，修飾先行詞someone；when we meet or part 是時間狀語從句。
[12]本句中三個并列的動詞-ing形式短語shaking hands, bowing from the waist和nodding the head作favour的賓語，連接方式是“A，B，or C”；when they meet someone else是時間狀語從句。
Some gestures seem to have the same meaning everywhere．Placing your hands together and resting them on the side of your head[13] while closing your eyes[14] means “sleep”．A good way of saying “I am full” is moving your hand in circles over your stomach after a meal．
[13]本句中兩個并列的動詞-ing形式短語作主語，表示同一件事，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。
[14]while closing your eyes是時間狀語從句的省略，補充完整為while you are closing your eyes。
Some body language has many different uses．Perhaps the best example is smiling．A smile can help us get through difficult situations and find friends in a world of strangers．A smile can break down barriers ．We can use a smile to apologise，to greet someone，to ask for help ，or to start a conversation[15]．Experts suggest smiling at yourself in the mirror[16] to make yourself feel happier and stronger．And if we are feeling down or lonely，there is nothing better than[17] seeing the smiling face of a good friend．
[15]此處是四個并列的目的狀語，連接形式是“A，B，C，or D”。
[16]此處是動詞-ing形式短語作suggest的賓語。suggest doing sth．意為“建議做某事”。
[17]此處是“否定詞＋比較級”表示最高級含義。
傾聽身體的訴說
在與別人的交流中，我們用言語和肢體語言來表達我們的想法和觀點。通過觀察別人的肢體語言，我們能夠了解很多他們的想法。言語很重要，但是人們站立、雙手抱臂和移動雙手的姿勢也能為我們提供有關他們情感的信息。
就像口語一樣，肢體語言也因文化而異。最重要的是使用肢體語言的方式要適合你所處的文化。例如，在一些國家，眼神交流——直視某人的眼睛，是表示興趣的一種方式。相反，在另一些國家，
眼神交流并不總是被認可。例如，在許多中東國家，社交上不允許
男性和女性進行眼神交流。在日本，和年長的人講話時，目光向下以示尊敬。
“OK”這個手勢在不同的文化中有不同的含義。在日本，一個人看到另一個人使用這個手勢，可能會認為這意味著錢。在法國，看到同一個手勢的人可能會將其解讀為“零”。然而，在巴西和德國，你應該避免使用這個手勢，因為它被認為是不禮貌的。
甚至我們用來表示“是”與“不是”的身勢語，在世界各地都不一樣。在許多國家，搖頭表示“不”，點頭表示“是”。相比之
下，在保加利亞和阿爾巴尼亞南部，這兩種身勢語的含義是相反的。差異還表現(xiàn)在我們彼此接觸的方式、站著交談時我們與談話對象的距離以及我們見面或告別時的動作方面。在法國和俄羅斯等國，人們和朋友見面時可能會親吻他們的臉頰。在其他地方，人們見面時更喜歡握手、彎腰鞠躬或者點頭。
有些手勢似乎在每個地方都有相同的意思。雙手并攏放在頭部的一側，同時閉上眼睛，表示“睡覺”。表示“我吃飽了”的一個好方式，就是用餐后用手在胃部輕輕轉圈。
有些肢體語言有許多不同的用途。最好的例子或許就是微笑。微笑能幫助我們渡過難關，在陌生人的世界里找到朋友。微笑能夠消除隔閡。我們可以用微笑來道歉、問候他人、尋求幫助或者主動攀談。專家建議對著鏡子微笑來讓自己感到更快樂、更堅強。而且如果我們感到沮喪或孤獨，沒有什么比看到好朋友的笑臉更好的了。
謝 謝！

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