資源簡介

Period 2　 課文整體閱讀(Reading and Thinking)
Ⅰ．文章大意
What's mainly talked about in the text
A．A terrible earthquake of Tangshan．
B．Strange signs before the earthquake of Tangshan．
C．Rescue work after the earthquake of Tangshan．
D．Damages of the earthquake of Tangshan．
Ⅱ．篇章結構
Read the text carefully and choose the best answer．
1．In what order did the writer write the text
A．In order of importance．
B．In order of place．
C．In order of time．
D．In order of position．
2．What does the last sentence “Slowly，the city began to breathe again．” in the last but one paragraph mean
A．People who were trapped came to life．
B．The trees turned green．
C．The animals began to breathe．
D．The city returned to normal gradually．
3．What has Tangshan city proved to China and the rest of the world
A．In times of disaster，people must not go to sleep so early．
B．In times of disaster，people must try their best to stay awake during the night．
C．In times of disaster，people must begin to breathe again quickly．
D．In times of disaster，people must unify and show the wisdom to stay positive and rebuild for a brighter future．
1．How can we protect ourselves in an earthquake at school？What can you do after an earthquake
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
2．What can we learn from the earthquake in Tangshan
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
Ⅰ．一詞多義/熟詞生義
1．affect vt．影響；使感染，(疾病)侵襲；深深打動
①(教材原句)82 killed，500，000 affected ____________
②Affected with a serious disease，he was no longer able to speak clearly and he knew there was no hope of recovery． ____________
③Deeply affected by the speech，Tom made up his mind to study harder in the future． ____________
2．shelter n．避難處；居所；庇護 vt．保護；掩蔽 vi．躲避(風雨或危險)
①(教材原句)Shelters set up by the government ____________
②The old temple sheltered the tramps from bad weather． ____________
③We sat in the shade，sheltering from the sun． ____________
3．About 75 percent of the city's factories and buildings，90 percent of its homes，and all of its hospitals were gone． ____________
Ⅱ．詞塊積累
1．________________ 焦躁不安，無法進食
2．________________ 尋找藏身之所
3．________________ 數萬頭牛
4．________________ 保持積極樂觀的心態
Ⅲ．寫作佳句
1．It seemed ________________________！
仿佛世界末日即將來臨！
2．Slowly，the city ____________________________________．
慢慢地，這座城市又開始恢復了生機。
Ⅳ．長難語句
1．Eleven kilometres directly below the city，one of the most deadly earthquakes of the 20th century had begun，a quake that even caused damage more than 150 kilometres away in Beijing．
[分析]本句是復合句。主句為：________________________；that even caused damage more than 150 kilometres away in Beijing為____________，修飾先行詞a quake；a quake 與one of the most deadly earthquakes of the 20th century是同位語。
[翻譯]______________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
2．Soon after the quakes，the army sent 150，000 soldiers to Tangshan to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead．
[分析]本句是復合句。主句為：________________________；to dig out．．．and to bury the dead為動詞不定式作____________；who were trapped 為定語從句，修飾先行詞____________。
[翻譯]______________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
Ⅴ．課文語法填空
Many strange things happened before Tangshan earthquake happened．The well walls had deep cracks．Some 1．____________(smell) gas came out of wells．Chickens and even pigs were too nervous to eat．At 3：42 a．m．2．____________ 28 July 1976，everything began to shake．It seemed as if the world 3．____________(come) to an end！Hard hills of rock became rivers of dirt．In less than one minute，the whole city lay in 4．____________(ruin)．Two thirds of the people were dead or injured．Everything in the city was destroyed．People 5．____________(shock) at this and wondered how long the disaster would last．
The army organised teams to dig out those 6．____________ were trapped and to bury the dead．Workers built shelters for survivors．Fresh water and food 7．____________(take) to the city．Slowly，the city began 8．____________(breathe) again．With strong support from the government and the tireless efforts of the city's people，9．____________ new Tangshan was built upon the earthquake ruins．It has proved that in times of disaster，people must unify and show the 10．____________(wise) to stay positive and rebuild for a brighter future．
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　
①northeastern adj．東北部的，來自東北部的
②well n．井
③crack n．裂紋；裂縫vi．& vt．(使)破裂
deep cracks深深的裂縫
④gas n．汽油；氣體；燃氣
some smelly gas某種有臭味的氣體
⑤go inside buildings進入屋內
⑥as usual像往常一樣
⑦as if 似乎；好像；仿佛
⑧come to an end結束
⑨directly below正下方
⑩one of the most deadly earthquakes 傷亡最嚴重的地震之一
more than超過；不僅僅；非常
no more than僅僅；不超過
in less than one minute在不到一分鐘的時間里
ruin n．& vt．破壞；毀壞
in ruins嚴重受損；破敗不堪
the number of．．．……的數量(后跟可數名詞復數形式，作主語時，謂語動詞用單數形式)
be killed or badly injured死亡或嚴重受傷
percent n．百分之……adj．& adv．每一百中
about 75 percent of大約75%的
brick n．磚；磚塊
blow．．．away把……吹走；把……驅散
metal n．金屬
useless pieces of metal廢金屬塊
instead of代替，作為……的替換(后跟名詞、代詞、動詞 ing形式)
instead adv．相反；而是(與完整的句子連用)
shock n．震驚；令人震驚的事；休克 vt．(使)震驚
in shock震驚；吃驚(通常作表語)
fall down倒塌；跌倒
fall over跌倒
electricity n．電；電能
dig out挖掘出；找出，發現
trap vt．(trapped，trapped)使落入險境；使陷入圈套 n．險境；陷阱
be trapped in．．．被困在……中
bury vt．埋葬；安葬
be buried in．．．被埋于……里面；埋頭于……
medical care醫療護理；救死扶傷
breathe vi．& vt．呼吸
breath n．呼吸的空氣
revive vt．& vi．復活；(使)蘇醒
revival n．振興；復蘇
on one's feet站著，站立
get back up on one's feet重新站起來
struggle to one's feet掙扎著站起來
tireless adj．不知疲倦的，精力充沛的
tired adj．疲倦的，疲勞的
effort n．努力；艱難的嘗試；盡力
become a home to成為……的家園
in times of．．．
在……中
in times of disaster在自然災害中
unify vi．& vt．統一；(使)成一體
unified adj．統一的
wisdom n．智慧；才智
rebuild vt．重建，重組
THE NIGHT THE EARTH DIDN'T SLEEP
Strange things were happening in the countryside of northeastern ① Hebei．For several days，the water in the village wells② rose and fell，rose and fell．There were deep cracks③ that appeared in the well walls．At least one well had some smelly gas④ coming out of it．【1】 Chickens and even pigs were too nervous to eat，and dogs refused to go inside buildings⑤．Mice ran out of the fields looking for places to hide，and fish jumped out of the water．【2】 At about 3：00 a．m．，on 28 July 1976，bright lights were seen in the sky outside the city of Tangshan and loud noises were heard．But the city's one million people were asleep as usual⑥ that night．
【1】句中coming out of it為動詞 ing形式短語作后置定語，修飾gas，gas與come之間為邏輯上的主謂關系。
【2】句中and連接表示順承關系的并列句，第一個分句中looking for places to hide為動詞 ing形式短語作伴隨狀語，Mice與look for之間為邏輯上的主謂關系，“尋找”與“跑”同時進行。
At 3：42 a．m．，everything began to shake．It seemed as if⑦ the world were coming to an end⑧！Eleven kilometres directly below⑨ the city，one of the most deadly earthquakes⑩ of the 20th century had begun，a quake that even caused damage more than 150 kilometres away in Beijing．【3】 Nearly one third of the whole nation felt it! A huge crack，eight kilometres long and 30 metres wide，cut across houses，roads，and waterways．Hard hills of rock became rivers of dirt．In less than one minute ，a large city lay in ruins ．Two thirds of the people who lived there were dead or injured．Thousands of children were left without parents．The number of people who were killed or badly injured in the quake was more than 400，000．【4】
【3】句中a quake that even caused．．．in Beijing為one of the most deadly earthquakes的同位語，其中that even caused．．．in Beijing為that引導的定語從句，修飾先行詞a quake，that在從句中作主語。
【4】句中who引導定語從句，修飾先行詞people。
Everywhere survivors looked，there was nothing but ruins．Nearly everything in the city was destroyed．About 75 percent of the city's factories and buildings，90 percent of its homes，and all of its hospitals were gone．Bricks covered the ground like red autumn leaves，but no wind could blow them away ．Most bridges had fallen or were not safe to cross．【5】 The railway tracks were now useless pieces of metal ．Tens of thousands of cows，hundreds of thousands of pigs，and millions of chickens were dead．Sand now filled the wells instead of water．People were in shock —and then，later that afternoon，another big quake shook Tangshan again．Even more buildings fell down ．Water，food，and electricity were hard to get．People began to wonder how long the disaster would last．【6】
【5】此處是“主語＋be＋adj．(＋for sb．)＋不定式”句型，不定式用主動形式表示被動意義。下文中的“Water，food，and electricity were hard to get．”也屬于此句型。
【6】句中how引導賓語從句，同時作狀語，修飾形容詞long。
But hope was not lost．Soon after the quakes，the army sent 150，000 soldiers to Tangshan to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead．【7】More than 10，000 doctors and nurses came to provide medical care ．Workers built shelters for survivors whose homes had been destroyed．Hundreds of thousands of people were helped．Water and food were brought into the city by train，truck，and plane．Slowly，the city began to breathe again．【7】句中to dig out．．．and to bury the dead為兩個并列的動詞不定式作目的狀語，其中who were trapped為who引導的定語從句，修飾先行詞those；先行詞為those且指人時，定語從句要用who引導。the dead表示“死者”，屬于“the＋adj．”結構。
Tangshan started to revive itself and get back up on its feet ．With strong support from the government and the tireless efforts of the city's people，a new Tangshan was built upon the earthquake ruins．The new city has become a home to more than seven million people，with great improvements in transportation，industry，and environment．Tangshan city has proved to China and the rest of the world that in times of disaster，people must unify and show the wisdom to stay positive and rebuild for a brighter future．【8】
【8】本句使用了“prove to．．．that．．．”結構，that引導的賓語從句作prove的直接賓語，其中to stay positive為不定式短語作后置定語，修飾抽象名詞wisdom。
地球的不眠之夜
河北省東北部的農村地區怪事連連。一連幾天，村里的井水升升降降，起起伏伏，井壁上出現了深深的裂縫，至少有一口水井冒出臭氣。雞甚至豬都焦躁不安，不愿進食；狗拒絕進入屋內。老鼠跑到田外，尋找藏身之所；魚兒也跳出水面。1976年7月28日凌晨3：00左右，唐山城外的天空中出現了耀眼亮光，接著又傳出巨大的聲響。然而，那天晚上城里的百萬居民仍像往常一樣沉睡在夢鄉。
凌晨3：42，萬物開始搖晃，仿佛世界末日即將來臨！在城市正下方的11千米處，20世紀傷亡最嚴重之一的一場地震爆發了，遠在150多千米以外的北京都受到了這場地震的破壞，全國幾乎三分之一的地方均有震感。一條8千米長、30米寬的巨大裂縫橫切房屋、道路和水路。堅硬的石山變成了泥石流。在不到一分鐘的時間里，一座大城市淪為廢墟。城里三分之二的居民在地震中死亡或受傷，數以千計的孩子失去了父母。在此次地震中喪生或身受重傷的人數超過了40萬。
幸存者目及之處無一不是廢墟，萬物盡毀。市內大約75%的工廠和大樓、90%的住房和所有的醫院都倒塌了。磚塊就像秋天的紅葉覆蓋著地面，但是卻沒有風能將其吹走。大多數橋梁不是坍塌了，就是無法安全通行了；鐵軌變成了廢金屬塊。數萬頭奶牛、數十萬頭豬和數百萬只雞也都死掉了。沙子灌滿水井，井水消失殆盡。人們驚恐萬狀，然而臨近傍晚時分，又一次強烈的地震撼動唐山。更多的樓房倒塌了，沒有水和食物，電也停了。人們心里開始疑惑這場災難還會持續多久。
然而，希望尚存。地震發生后不久，部隊派出了15萬名士兵奔赴唐山，將受困群眾從廢墟中挖出，并掩埋死者。上萬名醫療工作者趕到現場，救死扶傷。工人們為那些家園被毀的幸存者蓋起了避難所，數十萬的群眾獲得了幫助，火車、卡車和飛機給城市運來了食物和飲用水。慢慢地，這座城市又開始恢復了生機。
唐山重新站起來并獲得了新生。有了來自政府的大力支持以及唐山人民的不懈努力，一座新的唐山在廢墟中被建立起來。這座新的城市已經成為700多萬人的家園，交通、工業和環境都得到了巨大的改善。唐山向中國、向世界證明，在自然災害中，人類必須勠力同心，保持積極樂觀的心態和重建家園的決心。
Period 2
課文理解
Task 1　整體理解
Ⅰ．A
Ⅱ．1．strange　2．cracks　3．shake　4．ruins　5．nothing　6．destroyed　7．trapped　8．breathe
Task 2　細節理解
1－3　CDD
Task 3　多維探究
略
課文精粹
Ⅰ．1．①影響　②使感染　③打動
2．①n．避難處　②vt．保護；掩蔽　③vi．躲避
3．adj．不復存在的
Ⅱ．1．too nervous to eat　2．look for places to hide 　3．tens of thousands of cows　4．stay positive
Ⅲ．1．as if the world were coming to an end
2．began to breathe again
Ⅳ．1．分析：one of the most deadly earthquakes of the 20th century had begun；定語從句
翻譯：在城市正下方的11千米處，20世紀傷亡最嚴重之一的一場地震爆發了，遠在150多千米以外的北京都受到了這場地震的破壞。
2．分析：the army sent 150，000 soldiers to Tangshan；目的狀語；those
翻譯：地震發生后不久，部隊派出了15萬名士兵奔赴唐山，將受困群眾從廢墟中挖出，并掩埋死者。
Ⅴ．1．smelly　2．on　3．were coming　4．ruins　5．were shocked　6．who　7．were taken　8．to breathe　9．a　10．wisdom
9/9(共42張PPT)
復習任務群一
現代文閱讀Ⅰ
把握共性之“新”　打通應考之“脈”
UNIT 4　NATURAL DISASTERS
主題語境 人與自然——自然災害與防范
Period 2　課時練案 課文整體閱讀(Reading and Thinking)
Ⅰ．文章大意
What's mainly talked about in the text
A．A terrible earthquake of Tangshan．
B．Strange signs before the earthquake of Tangshan．
C．Rescue work after the earthquake of Tangshan．
D．Damages of the earthquake of Tangshan．
√
Ⅱ．篇章結構
strange
cracks
shake
ruins
nothing
destroyed
trapped
breathe
Read the text carefully and choose the best answer．
1．In what order did the writer write the text
A．In order of importance．
B．In order of place．
C．In order of time．
D．In order of position．
√
2．What does the last sentence “Slowly，the city began to breathe again．” in the last but one paragraph mean
A．People who were trapped came to life．
B．The trees turned green．
C．The animals began to breathe．
D．The city returned to normal gradually．
√
3．What has Tangshan city proved to China and the rest of the world
A．In times of disaster，people must not go to sleep so early．
B．In times of disaster，people must try their best to stay awake during the night．
C．In times of disaster，people must begin to breathe again quickly．
D．In times of disaster，people must unify and show the wisdom to stay positive and rebuild for a brighter future．
√
1．How can we protect ourselves in an earthquake at school？What can you do after an earthquake
__________________________________________________________
[答案]　略
2．What can we learn from the earthquake in Tangshan
__________________________________________________________
[答案]　略
Ⅰ．一詞多義/熟詞生義
1．affect vt．影響；使感染，(疾病)侵襲；深深打動
①(教材原句)82 killed，500，000 affected ____
②Affected with a serious disease，he was no longer able to speak clearly and he knew there was no hope of recovery． ______
③Deeply affected by the speech，Tom made up his mind to study harder in the future． ____
影響
使感染
打動
2．shelter n．避難處；居所；庇護 vt．保護；掩蔽 vi．躲避(風雨或危險)
①(教材原句)Shelters set up by the government _________
②The old temple sheltered the tramps from bad weather．
______________
③We sat in the shade，sheltering from the sun． ________
3．About 75 percent of the city's factories and buildings，90 percent of its homes，and all of its hospitals were gone． _______________
n．避難處
vt．保護；掩蔽
vi．躲避
adj．不復存在的
Ⅱ．詞塊積累
1．_______________焦躁不安，無法進食
2．___________________尋找藏身之所
3．______________________數萬頭牛
4．____________保持積極樂觀的心態
too nervous to eat
look for places to hide
tens of thousands of cows
stay positive
Ⅲ．寫作佳句
1．It seemed ________________________________!
仿佛世界末日即將來臨！
2．Slowly，the city ___________________．
慢慢地，這座城市又開始恢復了生機。
as if the world were coming to an end
began to breathe again
Ⅳ．長難語句
1．Eleven kilometres directly below the city，one of the most deadly earthquakes of the 20th century had begun，a quake that even caused damage more than 150 kilometres away in Beijing．
[分析]本句是復合句。主句為：_______________________________
______________________________；that even caused damage more than 150 kilometres away in Beijing為________，修飾先行詞a quake；a quake 與one of the most deadly earthquakes of the 20th century是同位語。
one of the most deadly earthquakes
of the 20th century had begun
定語從句
[翻譯]_____________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
在城市正下方的11千米處，20世紀傷亡最嚴重之一的一場地震爆發了，遠在150多千米以外的北京都受到了這場地震的破壞。
2．Soon after the quakes，the army sent 150，000 soldiers to Tangshan to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead．
[分析]本句是復合句。主句為：_______________________________
_________________；to dig out...and to bury the dead為動詞不定式作________；who were trapped 為定語從句，修飾先行詞_____。
[翻譯]_____________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
the army sent 150，000 soldiers to
Tangshan
目的狀語
those
地震發生后不久，部隊派出了15萬名士兵奔赴唐山，將受困群眾從廢墟中挖出，并掩埋死者。
Ⅴ．課文語法填空
Many strange things happened before Tangshan earthquake happened．The well walls had deep cracks．Some 1．_______(smell) gas came out of wells．Chickens and even pigs were too nervous to eat．At 3：42 a．m．2．______ 28 July 1976，everything began to shake．It seemed as if the world 3．____________(come) to an end！Hard hills of rock became rivers of dirt．In less than one minute，the
smelly
on
were coming
whole city lay in 4．_____(ruin)．Two thirds of the people were dead or injured．Everything in the city was destroyed．People 5．___________
(shock) at this and wondered how long the disaster would last．
ruins
were shocked
The army organised teams to dig out those 6．____ were trapped and to bury the dead．Workers built shelters for survivors．Fresh water and food 7．__________(take) to the city．Slowly，the city began 8．_____________(breathe) again．With strong support from the government and the tireless efforts of the city's people，9．___ new Tangshan was built upon the earthquake ruins．It has proved that in times of disaster，people must unify and show the 10．________(wise) to stay positive and rebuild for a brighter future．
who
were taken
to breathe
a
wisdom
①northeastern adj．東北部的，來自東北部的
②well n．井
③crack n．裂紋；裂縫vi．& vt．(使)破裂
deep cracks深深的裂縫
④gas n．汽油；氣體；燃氣
some smelly gas某種有臭味的氣體
⑤go inside buildings進入屋內
⑥as usual像往常一樣
⑦as if 似乎；好像；仿佛
⑧come to an end結束
⑨directly below正下方
⑩one of the most deadly earthquakes 傷亡最嚴重的地震之一
more than超過；不僅僅；非常
no more than僅僅；不超過
in less than one minute在不到一分鐘的時間里
ruin n．& vt．破壞；毀壞
in ruins嚴重受損；破敗不堪
the number of...……的數量(后跟可數名詞復數形式，作主語時，謂語動詞用單數形式)
be killed or badly injured死亡或嚴重受傷
percent n．百分之……adj．& adv．每一百中
about 75 percent of大約75%的
brick n．磚；磚塊
blow...away把……吹走；把……驅散
metal n．金屬
useless pieces of metal廢金屬塊
instead of代替，作為……的替換(后跟名詞、代詞、動詞-ing形式)
instead adv．相反；而是(與完整的句子連用)
shock n．震驚；令人震驚的事；休克 vt．(使)震驚
in shock震驚；吃驚(通常作表語)
fall down倒塌；跌倒
fall over跌倒
electricity n．電；電能
dig out挖掘出；找出，發現
trap vt．(trapped，trapped)使落入險境；使陷入圈套 n．險境；陷阱
be trapped in...被困在……中
bury vt．埋葬；安葬
be buried in...被埋于……里面；埋頭于……
medical care醫療護理；救死扶傷
breathe vi．& vt．呼吸
breath n．呼吸的空氣
revive vt．& vi．復活；(使)蘇醒
revival n．振興；復蘇
on one's feet站著，站立
get back up on one's feet重新站起來
struggle to one's feet掙扎著站起來
tireless adj．不知疲倦的，精力充沛的
tired adj．疲倦的，疲勞的
effort n．努力；艱難的嘗試；盡力
become a home to成為……的家園
in times of...在……中
in times of disaster在自然災害中
unify vi．& vt．統一；(使)成一體
unified adj．統一的
wisdom n．智慧；才智
rebuild vt．重建，重組
THE NIGHT THE EARTH DIDN'T SLEEP
Strange things were happening in the countryside of northeastern ① Hebei．For several days，the water in the village wells② rose and fell，rose and fell．There were deep cracks③ that appeared in the well walls．At least one well had some smelly gas④ coming out of it．【1】 Chickens and even pigs were too nervous to eat，and dogs refused to go inside buildings⑤．Mice ran out of the fields looking for places to hide，and fish jumped out of the water．【2】At about 3：00 a．m．，on 28 July 1976，bright lights were seen in the sky outside the city of Tangshan and loud noises were heard．But the city's one million people were asleep as usual⑥ that night．
【1】句中coming out of it為動詞-ing形式短語作后置定語，修飾gas，gas與come之間為邏輯上的主謂關系。
【2】句中and連接表示順承關系的并列句，第一個分句中looking for places to hide為動詞-ing形式短語作伴隨狀語，Mice與look for之間為邏輯上的主謂關系，“尋找”與“跑”同時進行。
At 3：42 a．m．，everything began to shake．It seemed as if ⑦ the world were coming to an end⑧！Eleven kilometres directly below⑨ the city，one of the most deadly earthquakes⑩ of the 20th century had begun，a quake that even caused damage more than 150 kilometres away in Beijing．【3】 Nearly one third of the whole nation felt it! A huge crack，eight kilometres long and 30 metres wide，cut across houses，roads，and waterways．Hard hills of rock became rivers of dirt．In less than one minute ，a large city lay in ruins ．
Two thirds of the people who lived there were dead or injured．Thousands of children were left without parents．The number of people who were killed or badly injured in the quake was more than 400，000．【4】
【3】句中a quake that even caused...in Beijing為one of the most deadly earthquakes的同位語，其中that even caused...in Beijing為that引導的定語從句，修飾先行詞a quake，that在從句中作主語。
【4】句中who引導定語從句，修飾先行詞people。
Everywhere survivors looked，there was nothing but ruins．Nearly everything in the city was destroyed．About 75 percent of the city's factories and buildings，90 percent of its homes，and all of its hospitals were gone．Bricks covered the ground like red autumn leaves，but no wind could blow them away ．Most bridges had fallen or were not safe to cross．【5】 The railway tracks were now useless pieces of metal ．Tens of thousands of cows，hundreds of thousands of pigs，and millions of chickens
were dead．Sand now filled the wells instead of water．People were in shock —and then，later that afternoon，another big quake shook Tangshan again．Even more buildings fell down ．Water，food，and electricity were hard to get．People began to wonder how long the disaster would last．【6】
【5】此處是“主語＋be＋adj．(＋for sb．)＋不定式”句型，不定式用主動形式表示被動意義。下文中的“Water，food，and electricity were hard to get．”也屬于此句型。
【6】句中how引導賓語從句，同時作狀語，修飾形容詞long。
But hope was not lost．Soon after the quakes，the army sent 150，000 soldiers to Tangshan to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead．【7】More than 10，000 doctors and nurses came to provide medical care ．Workers built shelters for survivors whose homes had been destroyed．Hundreds of thousands of people were helped．Water and food were brought into the city by train，truck，and plane．Slowly，the city began to breathe again．
【7】句中to dig out...and to bury the dead為兩個并列的動詞不定式作目的狀語，其中who were trapped為who引導的定語從句，修飾先行詞those；先行詞為those且指人時，定語從句要用who引導。the dead表示“死者”，屬于“the＋adj．”結構。
Tangshan started to revive itself and get back up on its feet ．With strong support from the government and the tireless efforts of the city's people，a new Tangshan was built upon the earthquake ruins．The new city has become a home to more than seven million people，with great improvements in transportation，industry，and environment．Tangshan city has proved to China and the rest of the world that in times of disaster，people must unify and show the wisdom to stay positive and rebuild for a brighter future．【8】
【8】本句使用了“prove to...that...”結構，that引導的賓語從句作prove的直接賓語，其中to stay positive為不定式短語作后置定語，修飾抽象名詞wisdom。
地球的不眠之夜
河北省東北部的農村地區怪事連連。一連幾天，村里的井水升升降降，起起伏伏，井壁上出現了深深的裂縫，至少有一口水井冒出臭氣。雞甚至豬都焦躁不安，不愿進食；狗拒絕進入屋內。老鼠跑到田外，尋找藏身之所；魚兒也跳出水面。1976年7月28日凌晨3：00左右，唐山城外的天空中出現了耀眼亮光，接著又傳出巨大的聲響。然而，那天晚上城里的百萬居民仍像往常一樣沉睡在夢鄉。
凌晨3：42，萬物開始搖晃，仿佛世界末日即將來臨！在城市正下方的11千米處，20世紀傷亡最嚴重之一的一場地震爆發了，遠在150多千米以外的北京都受到了這場地震的破壞，全國幾乎三分之一的地方均有震感。一條8千米長、30米寬的巨大裂縫橫切房屋、道路和水路。堅硬的石山變成了泥石流。在不到一分鐘的時間里，一座大城市淪為廢墟。城里三分之二的居民在地震中死亡或受傷，數以千計的孩子失去了父母。在此次地震中喪生或身受重傷的人數超過了40萬。
幸存者目及之處無一不是廢墟，萬物盡毀。市內大約75%的工廠和大樓、90%的住房和所有的醫院都倒塌了。磚塊就像秋天的紅葉覆蓋著地面，但是卻沒有風能將其吹走。大多數橋梁不是坍塌了，就是無法安全通行了；鐵軌變成了廢金屬塊。數萬頭奶牛、數十萬頭豬和數百萬只雞也都死掉了。沙子灌滿水井，井水消失殆盡。人們驚恐萬狀，然而臨近傍晚時分，又一次強烈的地震撼動唐山。更多的樓房倒塌了，沒有水和食物，電也停了。人們心里開始疑惑這場災難還會持續多久。
然而，希望尚存。地震發生后不久，部隊派出了15萬名士兵奔赴唐山，將受困群眾從廢墟中挖出，并掩埋死者。上萬名醫療工作者趕到現場，救死扶傷。工人們為那些家園被毀的幸存者蓋起了避難所，數十萬的群眾獲得了幫助，火車、卡車和飛機給城市運來了食物和飲用水。慢慢地，這座城市又開始恢復了生機。
唐山重新站起來并獲得了新生。有了來自政府的大力支持以及唐山人民的不懈努力，一座新的唐山在廢墟中被建立起來。這座新的城市已經成為700多萬人的家園，交通、工業和環境都得到了巨大的改善。唐山向中國、向世界證明，在自然災害中，人類必須勠力同心，保持積極樂觀的心態和重建家園的決心。
謝 謝！

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