資源簡介

(共34張PPT)
情態(tài)動詞
Modal Verb
Learning Objectives
You are able to know the definition and common modal verbs.
You are able to know how to use modal verbs.
You are able to make sentences by using modal verbs.
After the lesson,
目錄Contents
動詞分類
定義
特征
常見用法
情態(tài)動詞
01
動詞分類
情態(tài)動詞
Modal Verb
動詞
實意動詞
連系動詞
助動詞
情態(tài)動詞
有實際意義的動詞
無動詞意義，連接作用
本身無意義，起幫助作用do, does, did
表示情緒和態(tài)度，增加感彩
可獨立作謂語
不可獨立作謂語
She is a dancer.
He reads English everyday.
I do not like the red coat.
Andy can play the piano.
閱讀以下短對話，標出其中的情態(tài)動詞和實義動詞。
Read and underline.
A: Can you give me a few minutes
B: Sorry, I can’t. I’m running out of time now.
A: I want to be a good mechanic in the future.
Then you should be a good learner first.
P109
閱讀以下短對話，標出其中的情態(tài)動詞和實義動詞。
Read and underline.
A: May I borrow your chair
B: Yes, of course.
A: Tu Youyou is a great scientist, isn’t she
B: Yes. We must show our respect for her.
A: Did you know that Jim had some serious health problems
B: Oh, yes. He ought to stop smoking right now.
P109
02
定義
情態(tài)動詞
Modal Verb
表示說話人的語氣、情感和態(tài)度，這樣的動詞稱為情態(tài)動詞。。
常用的情態(tài)動詞有can, could, may, might, must, have to, will, would, shall, should, need, dare等。
03
特征
1、情態(tài)動詞+動詞原形
She can speak Japanese.
2、不能單獨做謂語,要和動詞原形一起構成謂語動詞
We should help her.
3. 無人稱和數的變化
Jim can play the violin.
特征
例句
情態(tài)動詞 + V原
情態(tài)動詞
Modal Verb
They _____ speak Russian. (can)
Lucy and Lily _____ play table tennis. (can)
can
can
情態(tài)動詞
Grammar
Could you teach me a little bit about it
More people could buy paper and use it to record and share knowledge.
I can’t live without it.
Should I go there
The Jingzhang Railway must go through an area of hills and mountains.
P109
請找出下列句子中的謂語部分。
04
常見用法
1、can, could 的用法
1). 表示能力、技能。
She can run fast, but I can’t. 她能跑得快，但我不能。
Can you swim 你會游泳嗎？
2). 表示請求、允許。
--- Can I leave now 我現在可以離開了嗎？
--- Yes, you can. ( No, you can’t.)
3). 表示推測，譯為“可能”，常用于否定句、疑問句中，此時can’t譯為“不可能”。
Can the news be true
這個消息會是真的嗎？
This can’t be done by him.
這個不可能是他干的。
情態(tài)動詞
Modal Verb
1、can, could 的用法
4). 在疑問句中，此時could并不是can的過去式，只是表示委婉的語氣。
--- Could you do me a favor 您能幫我個忙嗎？
--- Yes, I can. ( No, I’m afraid not.) 是的，我能。（不，我恐怕不能。）
5). 表示客觀可能性（客觀原因形成的能力）。
They’ve changed the timetable, so we can go by bus instead.
他們已經改變了時刻表，因此我們可以乘公交車去。
This hall can hold 500 people at least.
這個大廳至少可以容納500個人。
小試牛刀
--Could I borrow your dictionary
--Of course you ____________.[陜西省]
A. can B. must C. should D. will
A
解析：could并不表示過去，而只是一種委婉的說法，所以答語用can更禮貌些。
小試牛刀
--Listen! Is Tom singing in the classroom
--No. It ________be Tom. He has gone to Paris.
A. may not B. needn't C. can't
C
解析：因為湯姆不在這里，所以不可能是他。
一Mary，__________you speak Chinese
一Yes，only a little．
A must B need C may D．can
D
解析：can表示能夠。
2、may, might 的用法
1). 表請求和允許，might比may語氣更委婉。
You may take whatever you want. 你想要什么就拿什么。
--- May (Might) I smoke here 我可以在這里吸煙嗎？
--- Yes, you can. (No, you can’t/ mustn’t.) 是的，你能。（不，你不能/禁止。）
2). 表示推測可能（不用于疑問句），might不是過去式，它所表示的可能性比may小。
He may/ might be busy now.
他可能現在很忙吧。
Your mother may /might not know the truth.
你媽媽可能不知道真相。
小試牛刀
--- Excuse me, where are we going to have our class meeting
--- I am not sure. Ask our monitor, please. He ____ know.
A. can B. may C. need D. would
B
解析：may表示推測時語氣不十分肯定；might口氣委婉。把握更小。
關于“猜測”的表達
--Who can it be
--- It must be Mr Hu.I know him well.
--- It may be Mr Hu, but I am not sure.
---It can’t be Mr Hu, I saw him in the library just now.
表示猜測:
must用于肯定猜測
can用于否定、疑問猜測
may表示不確定猜測
3、must, have to的用法
1). 兩詞都表示“必須、必要”的意思。have to強調客觀需要，must是說話人主觀的看法。
My brother was very ill, so I had to call the doctor in the middle of the night.　
我弟弟病得很厲害，因此我不得不半夜里把醫(yī)生請來。
---Must we hand in our homework today 我們必須今天上交作業(yè)嗎？
---Yes, you must. ( No, you don’t have to/ you needn’t.) 是的，你必須。（不，你不必。）
2). have to有人稱、數、時態(tài)的變化，而must只有一種形式。
He had to look after his sister at home yesterday.
昨天他不得不在家照看妹妹。
3）表示推測、可能性（只用于肯定的陳述句）。
Your mother must be waiting for you now.
你的媽媽一定正在等著你。
小試牛刀
--Must we finish giving out the posters today
--Yes, we _______. It can't be put off any longer.
A. can B. may C. must
C
解析：由must引起的一般疑問句，其肯定答語要用must，不能用can或may。
4、will, would的用法
1). 表示“將、將要、會、自愿做……”等。
People will die without air or water.
人離開水和空氣將會死的。
2). will表示請求、建議等，would更委婉。
Will/ Would you please pass me the ball, please
您能遞給我這個球嗎？
Would you like to go with me
你想和我一起去嗎？
5、shall, should的用法
1). shall的用法
(1). 用于第一、第三人稱的疑問句中，表示說話人征求對方的意見或請求。
(2). 用于第二、第三人稱，表示說話人給對方的許諾、命令、警告或威脅。
You shall get an answer from me tomorrow.
明天你就會得到我的答復。
Shall Tom go there with me tomorrow
湯姆明天可以和我一起去嗎？
Shall I wear the evening dress for your party
我可以穿晚禮服參加你的晚會嗎？
5、shall, should的用法
2). should的用法
(1). 用來提供幫助、提出建議，要求對方給出意見。
(2). 表達義務、職責等，應當...
I think today’s children should really learn to respect their elders.
我認為當今的孩子應該好好學習尊敬長輩。
Should I help you with the community affairs
我可以幫你做一些社區(qū)事務嗎？
6、need, dare的用法
1). need 作情態(tài)動詞用時, 常用于疑問句、否定句。在肯定句中一般用must, have to, ought to, should代替。
2). dare作情態(tài)動詞用時, 常用于疑問句、否定句和條件從句中, 過去式形式為dared。
How dare you say I’m unfair
你怎敢說我不公平呢？
He daren’t speak English before such a crowd, dare he
他不敢在這么多人面前說英語，他敢嗎？
You needn’t come so early. 你不必這么早來。
--- Need I finish the work today 我有必要今天完成作業(yè)嗎？
--- Yes, you must. (No, you needn’t.) 是的，你必須。（不，你不必。)
6、need, dare的用法
3). dare和 need作實義動詞用時，有人稱、時態(tài)和數的變化。
在肯定句中，dare后面常接帶to的不定式。
在疑問句和否定句中，dare后面可接帶to或不帶to的不定式。
而need后面只能接帶to的不定式。
4). need后面接doing表示被動：need doing = need to be done.
The washing machine needs repairing.
= The washing machine needs to be repaired.
洗衣機需要（被）修理。
I dare to swim across this river. 我敢在這條河上游泳。
He doesn’t dare (to) answer. 他不敢回答。
He needs to finish his homework today. 他今天需要完成作業(yè)
7. had better的用法
表示“最好”，相當于一個助動詞，只有一種形式，后面要跟動詞原形，否定形式 had better (not) do sth.
It is pretty cold. You’d better put on my coat.
（注：You’d better =You had better）
天很冷，你最好把我的大衣穿上。
常用問答語
--May I have a dance with you
--Yes, you may.
--No, you mustn‘t/can’t/may not.
--Can you feel my heart
--Yes, I can.
--No, I can't.
--Must I reply to you right away
--Yes, you must./
--No, you needn't./ you don't have to.
--Need I get you a glass of water
--Yes, you must./
--No, you needn't./ don't have to.
--Will you have a talk with me
--Yes, I will.
--No, I won't/ can't.
-Could I use your phone
Yes, of course you can.(肯定回答不能用could)
--Shall I have a talk with you
--Yes, you can.
--No, you can't.
小試牛刀
1.______she go to the meeting No, she _____.
A. must, shouldn’t B.must, needn’t
C. may, couldn’t D. need, can’t
2. --- Joe, you_____ make that mistake again.
--- Sorry, I won’t, sir.
A. needn’t B. mustn’t
C. won’t D. might not.
3.“No Smoking” means you ___ smoke here.
A. Won't B. Needn't C. mustn't D. shouldn't
B
B
C
小試牛刀
4._ _ you wait a few more minutes？ It'll be your turn soon.
A. Must B. Should C. Could D. Might
5. Hurry up, or you _ _ catch the train.
A. can't B. mustn't C. needn't D. shouldn't
6. I told him to get here, but perhaps I ___ him a map.
A. should have given B. had to give
C. ought to give D. must have given
C
A
C
將以下句子與對應的建議相匹配。
Read and match.
A. You can close the window.
B. You should go to bed early.
C. You may eat less and do more sports.
D. You should really do it yourself.
E. You ought to see a doctor.
1) I want Jim to say sorry to Mary for me.
2) I am getting fat.
3) It’s too noisy outside.
4) I am not feeling very well.
5) I have difficulty getting up early.
D
C
A
B
E
用適當的情態(tài)動詞和所給動詞補全以下對話。
Read and complete.
1) — 　　　　　 you 　　　　　 (help) me
I 　　　　　 (not work) it out by myself.
— Yes, of course.
2) — 　　　　　 I 　　　　　 (use) your pen I forgot to bring mine.
— Of course. You 　　　　　 (find) it in my schoolbag.
3) — Ah! The message says I have won big money.
— Don’t be a fool. This 　　　　　 (not be) true. They 　　　　　 (be)
cheating you.
4) — 　　　　　 I 　　　　　 (wear) jacket or suit tomorrow
— You 　　　 　　 (wear) suit as the meeting is formal.
5) — What 　　　　　 we 　　　　　 (do) to protect our environment
— We 　 　　　 　 (reduce) CO2 and plant more trees.
Could help
can’t work
May / Could use
can find
can’t be must be
Should wear
should / must
should do
should / ought to / must reduce
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