資源簡介

(共74張PPT)
動詞
動詞種類
Contents
連系動詞
情態動詞
助動詞
實義動詞
One
連系動詞
“一感”
“二變”
“三保持”
“還有一個Be動詞”
taste, smell, look, sound, feel
become, turn, get, go, grow, fall
keep, stay，remain
be (am, is, are, was, were,been)
taste
smell
look
sound
feel
嘗起來... ...
聞起來... ...
看起來... ...
聽起來... ...
感覺... .../摸起來... ...
The soup tastes nice.
The flowers smell good.
This school looks beautiful.
That music sounds cool.
Doing yoga feels relaxing.
become
turn
get
go
grow
fall
keep
stay
keep healthy = stay healthy 保持健康
一般現在時
一般過去時
am
is
are
was
were
was
現在完成時
been
Two
實義動詞
實義動詞是能獨立作謂語的動詞。
及物動詞（ vt.）
不及物動詞（vi.）
主+ 謂+賓
主+ 謂
及物動詞
后面必須跟賓語，意義才完整的實義動詞，叫做及物動詞（transitive verb）。
英語中的及物動詞有：interest，worry，guess,please,surprise,love等
例如：I believe that the committee will consider our suggestion.
我相信委員會將會考慮我們的建議。
“How long can I keep the book ”Harry asked.
哈里問：“這本書我可以借多久 ”
Dr. Bethune set us a good example.
白求恩大夫給我們樹立了好榜樣。
Crude oil contains many useful substances.
原油含有許多有用的物質。
不及物動詞
(1)本身意義完整，后面不用跟賓語的實義動詞，叫做不及物動詞（intransitive verb）。
Birds can fly.
鳥會飛。
It happened in June 1932.
這件事發生于一九三二年六月。
She spoke at the meeting yesterday evening.
她在昨天晚上的會上發了言。
(2) 兼作及物動詞和不及物動詞 英語里有不少實義動詞可以兼作及物動詞和不及物動詞。
這樣的動詞又有兩種不同的情況：
(a) 兼作及物動詞和不及物動詞時，意義不變。試比較：
Shall I begin at once
我可以立刻開始嗎 (begin作不及物動詞）
She began working as a librarian after she left school.
她畢業后當圖書館管理員。（began作及物動詞）
When did they leave Chicago
他們是什么時候離開芝加哥的？（leave 作及物動詞）
They left last week.
他們是上周離開的。（left 作不及物動詞）
(b)兼作及物動詞和不及物動詞時，有時意義不盡相同。如：
Wash your hands before meals.
飯前要洗手。
Does this cloth wash well
這布經得起洗嗎
不及物動詞加介詞秒變及物用法
He laughed
He runs
She waited
It is looking
I am listening
me.
her.
them.
the painting.
the music.
主
謂
賓
at
after
for
at
to
vi.
prep.
主要用作及物動詞。及物動詞后面必須跟賓語。可以用于："主+謂+賓"；"主+謂+雙賓"；"主+謂+賓+賓補"結構。如：
He reached Paris the day before yesterday.
Please hand me the book over there.
They asked me to go fishing with them.
類似的還有：buy, catch, invent, found, like, observe, offer, prevent, promise, raise, find, forget, receive, regard, see, say, seat, supply, select, suppose, show, make, take, tell....
主要用作不及物的動詞。不及物動詞后面不跟賓語。只能用于："主+謂"結構。
This is the room which I once lived in.
This is the room in which I once lived.
This is the room where I once lived.
類似的還有：agree 同意, go 去 , work 工作,
listen 聽, look 看, come來, die 死, belong 屬于,
fall 掉落, exist 存在, rise, 上升 arrive 到, sit坐,
sail 航海, hurry 匆忙 , fail 失敗, succeed 成功
既可以用作及物又可以用作不及物的動詞，其意義不變。如begin 都是作"開始"講。
everybody , our game begins. let us begin our game.
類似的還有：start, answer, sing, close, consider, insist, read, learn, prepare, pay, hurt, improve....
既可以用作及物又可以用作不及物的動詞，其意義完全不同。
這類動詞作不及物動詞是一個意義；而作及物動詞時卻是另一個意義。
如lift作不及物動詞時是指煙霧的"消散"。
we saw the mountain when the clouds lifted.
作及物動詞時是"升高；舉起"。
He lifted his glass and drank.
類似的還有：
beat　vi.跳動 vt. 敲、打;　
grow vi.生長 vt.種植
play vi.玩耍 vt. 打（牌、球）,演奏
smell vi.發出（氣味） vt. 嗅
ring　vi.（電話、鈴）響vt.打電話　
speak vi.講話　vt. 說（語言）
hang　vi. 懸掛 vt.　絞死　
operate vi.動手術　vt. 操作
少數不及物動詞可跟的賓語是同源賓語，
如：I dreamed a sweet dream last night.
They lived a happy life.
類似的還有：同源賓語前面通常帶有定語。
比如：fight a good fight
breathe a deep breath
laugh a foolish laugh
smile a forced smile
dream a sweet dream
不及物動詞沒有被動語態。appearAppear calmcome
Come easy (safe)
go Go mad (crazy, bad, sour, wrong, hungry, blind)
get Get angry (ill, wet, excited, married, paid)
fall Fall asleep( fall ill, fall short, fall flat)
feel Feel good (sleepy)
keep Keep quiet (silent)
look Look fit (well, young, tired)
make Make certain (sure, ready, a good teacher)
prove Prove an effective method (correct, accurate)
remain Remain still (unchanged)restRest satisfied (content)
rise Rise red
seem Seem happy
stand Stand still
stay Stay young (stay fresh, the same)
turn Turn teacher =become a teacher (yellow)
turn out Turn out true
happen happen to sb
Three
助動詞
do
does
did
be
助動詞本身無詞義或意義不完整，不能單獨作謂語，必須與動詞連用，幫助構成各種時態，語態，否定句，和疑問句等。
一般現在時：
一般過去時：
現在進行時：
一般將來時：
現在完成時：
will
have
shall
has
具體用法
be的用法
1）be+現在分詞，構成進行時態。如：
They are having a meeting.
他們正在開會。
English is becoming more and more important.
英語變得越來越重要。
2）be+過去分詞，構成被動語態。如：
The window was broken by Tom.
窗戶被Tom打破了。
be+動詞不定式
1）表示最近、未來的計劃或安排。如：
He is to go to New York next week.
他下周要去紐約。
We are to teach the fresh persons.
我們要教新生。
但應注意：這種用法也可以說是一種將來時態的表達法。
2）表示命令。如：
You are to explain this.
對此你要作出解釋。
He is to come to the office this afternoon.
他今天下午要來辦公室。
3）表示征求意見。如：
How am I to answer him
我該怎樣答復他？
Who is to go there
誰該去那兒呢？
4）表示相約、商定。如：
We are to meet at the school gate at seven tomorrow morning.
我們明天早晨7點在校門口集合。
have的用法
一、have作助動詞
主要變化形式：have，has，had
動名詞/現在分詞：having
1）have +過去分詞，構成完成時態，例：
He has left for London.　
他已去了倫敦。
By the end of last month， they had finished half of their work.
上月末為止，他們已經完成工作的一半。
2）have + been +現在分詞，構成完成進行時（現在完成時），例：
I have been studying English for ten years.
我一直在學英語，已達十年之久。
3）have/has+been +過去分詞，構成完成時態的被動語態，例：
The sports meet has been put off until n-ext Friday.
運動會已經推遲到下周五了。
肯定式 否定式 疑問式
現在時 have（got）
或have haven't（got）或don't have have I（got）？ 或do you have？
過去時 had hadn't（got)或didn't have had you（got) 或did you have？
二、have作普通動詞形式
為表示習慣動作，do與have連用：— Do you have earthquakes in your country？
你們國家地震嗎？— Yes，but we don't have them very often.
有，但不經常。
have意指take（a meal）（吃），give（a party）
（舉行）等。We have lunch at one.我們1點鐘吃飯。They are having a party tomorrow.他們明天舉行聚會。I hope you'll have a good holiday.我希望你愉快地度過假期。
do的用法
形式
主要變化形式：do，did，done，does
動名詞/現在分詞：doing
1） 構成一般疑問句，例如：
Do you want to pass the CET 　
你想通過大學英語測試嗎？
Did you study German 　
你們學過德語嗎？
2） do + not 構成否定句，例如：
I do not want to be criticized.　
我不想挨批評。
He doesn't like to study.　
他不想學習。
In the past， many students did not know the importance of English.　
過去，好多學生不知道英語的重要性。
3)　構成否定祈使句，例如：
Don't go there.　
不要去那里。
Don't be so absent-minded.　
不要這么心不在焉。
Don't make a noise in the corridor.
不要在走廊里大聲喧嘩。
說明： 構成否定祈使句只用do。
4） 放在動詞原形前，加強該動詞的語氣，例如：
Do come to my birthday party please.　
請一定來參加我的生日宴會。
I did go there.　
我確實去那兒了。
I do miss you.　
我確實想你。我真想你了！
5） 用于倒裝句，例如：
Never did I hear of such a thing.　
我從未聽說過這樣的事情。
Only when we begin our college life do we realize the importance of English.
只有在開始大學生活時我們才認識到英語的重要性。
說明： 引導此類倒裝句的副詞有never， seldom， rarely， little， only， so， well等。
6） 用作代替動詞，例如：
---- Do you like Beijing 　
--你喜歡北京嗎？
---- Yes， I do.　
--是的，喜歡。（do用作代動詞，代替like Beijing.）
He knows how to drive a car， doesn't he
他知道如何開車，對吧？
Four
情態動詞
can
may
must
should
might
have to
情態動詞本身具有一定的意義，不能單獨做謂語，沒有人稱和數的變化，后面需接動詞原形。
need
dare
can用于所有人稱的現在時及將來時的句子中。
could用于所有人稱的過去時及條件句中。
否定式：can not/can't，could not/couldn't
疑問式：can I？could I？等
否定疑問式：can I not？/can't I？could I not？/couldn't I？等
注意，對于could 引導的一般疑問句，回答時用can
例句：---Could I open the window
---Yes, you can.
表示許可的can的其他形式可用于allow，be allowded的相應形式代替。
can與不帶to的不定式連用。
can
I/She/They can dance. 我/她/他們會跳舞。
（1）表示體力或智力上的能力，“能”“會”
（2）表示請求或許可時，相當于may，“可以”
Can I help you = May I help you
Can I use your bike = May I use your bike
（3）表示可能性
Can she be at home 她可能在家嗎？
No, she can’t be at home. 她不可能在家。
may用來表示許可
may用于所有人稱的現在時及將來時句子中。
might用于所有人稱的過去時及條件句中。
否定形式：may not/mayn't，might not/mightn't
疑問式：may I？might I？等
否定疑問式：may I not？/mayn't I 等
表示許可的may的其他形式可用allow，be allowed的相應形式代替。
may后面接不帶to的不定式（即動詞原形）。
may
—May I come in
（1）表示征求意見
（2）表示猜測，“可能”
She may know the answer.
She may be right.
—Yes, you can/may.
—No, you can’t/mustn’t.
注意：在回答以may引導的問句時，一般說來避免使用may，以免顯得太嚴厲，或不太客氣，而改用其他方式。
----May I come in
----Yes,please./Sure./Certainly.
----Please don’t.
----N哦，you mustn’t.
must
—Must she leave
（1）必須
（2）表示猜測，“一定”
She must know the answer.
She must be right.
—Yes, she must.
—No, she needn’t/doesn’t have to.
have to
不得不，必須，強調客觀需求
I got up late this morning, so I had to take a taxi to school.
must
必須，表示的是說話人的主觀看法
意思接近，有時可以互換。如：
I must go now.
It is a little late and I have to go now.
shall和will的用法
shall和will作為助動詞可以與動詞原形一起構成一般將來時，例如：

I shall study harder at English.　
我將更加努力地學習英語。
He will go to Shanghai.　
他要去上海。

說明：
在過去的語法中，語法學家說shall用于第一人稱，will 只用于第二、第三人稱。如今，尤其是在口語中，will常用于第一人稱，但shall只用于第一人稱，如用于第二、第三人稱，就失去助動詞的意義，已變為情態動詞，試比較:

He shall come.　
他必須來。（shall有命令的意味。）
He will come.　
他要來。（will只與動詞原形構成一般將來時。）

shall在疑問句中，用于第一，第三人稱，征求對方意愿
shall I turn on the light 要開燈嗎 ( 我把燈打開好嗎 )
shall he come to see you 他要不要來看你
(比較: will he come to see you 他會不會來看你)
shall 用在陳述句， 與第二第三人稱連用， 變為情態動詞 表示允諾，命令，警告，和說話人的決心等。
should和would的用法
1）should無詞義，只是shall的過去形式，與動詞原形構成過去將來時，只用于第一人稱，例如：

I telephoned him yesterday to ask what I should do next week.
我昨天給他打電話，問他我下周干什么。

比較：
"What shall I do next week "　I asked.
"我下周干什么？"我問道。
（可以說，shall變成直接引語時，變成了should。）
2） would也無詞義，是will的過去形式，與動詞原形構成過去將來時，用于第二、第三人稱，例如：
He said he would come.　
他說他要來。

比較：
"I will go，" he said.
他說："我要去那兒。"
變成間接引語，就成了：
He said he would come.
原來的will變成would，go變成了come.。
過去式從原來的go變為came。
3） would，should，could，might 無詞義，與動詞的原型構成虛擬語氣。如：

We would have finished our paper if we had been given five more minutes.
假如再有5分鐘，我們就答完試卷了。
must一般疑問句的否定回答是平時考試的重點，所以同學們要注意這個考點。
Must開頭的句子并不一定要用must回答，該句的否定中要用need和have to來參與作答。）
must與need開頭的疑問句其肯定回答都要用must；否定回答都用needn't）
練一練
1. 用can或be able to 填空:
1)He drive but he hasn't got a car.
2)I can't understand Jack. I've never_____understand him.
3)I used to stand on my head but I can't do it now.
4)I can't see you on Friday but I_____meet you on Saturday morning.
5)Ask Jane about your problem. She might______help you.
1.1) can 2) been able to 3) be able to 4) can 5) be able to
用 can 或 could 填空:
1)I'm really hungry. I eat a horse!
2)It's so nice here. I stay here all day but I have to go.
3)"I can't find my bag. Have you seen it "
"No, but it______ be in the car."
4)Peter is a musician.
He plays the violin and he____ also play the piano.
5)The weather is nice now but it______change later.
2. 1) could 2) could 3) could 4) can 5)could
用 may或 might 回答問題:
1) Where are you going for your holiday (to Hainan)
I haven't decided yet. I may/might go to Hainan.
2) What are you going to do this weekend (visit my grandma)
I am not sure yet.
3) Where are you going to hang this picture (in the dining room)
I haven't made up my mind yet. __
4) When is Aunt coming to see us (on Saturday)
I don't know yet.
5) What are you going to do when you leave school (go to university)
I haven't decided yet.
I may/might go to visit my grandma.
I may/might hang it in the dining room.
She may/might come on Saturday.
I may/might go to university.
用must 或have to 完成下列句子:
1)Jack left before the end of the meeting. He go home early.
2)When you go to Beijing, you go to visit the Great Wall.
3)Last Sunday I was ill. I go to see a doctor.
4)I get up early tomorrow. There are a lot of things to do.
5)You really work harder if you want to pass the examination.
6)Jack doesn't like his new job. Sometimes he work at weekends.
1) had to 2) must 3) had to 4) must 5) must/have to 6) has to
用mustn't 或don't/doesn't have to 完成下列句子:
1)I don't want anyone to know. You tell anyone.
2)I can stay in bed tomorrow because I go to work.
3)There's a lift in the building, so we climb the stairs.
4)You forget what I told you. It's very important.
5)You be a good player to enjoy a game of tennis.
6)Don't make so much noise. We wake the baby.
1) mustn't 2) don't have to 3) don't have to 4) mustn't 5) don't have to 6) mustn't
選擇最佳答案填空：
1) — May I take this magazine out of the reading room
— . Please read it here.
A. Certainly B. No, you needn't C. No, you can't D. No, you may not
2) Many of the stars because they are far away from us.
A. may not see B. cannot be seen C. mustn't be seen D. needn't see
3) — Who is the man over there Is it Mr Li
— No, it be him. Mr Li is much taller.
A. can't B. may not C. mustn't D. needn't be
1)C 2) B 3) A
4) I have my own room in my house, so I do whatever I want in it.
A. must B. have to C. need to D. can
5) — I speak to Jill, Mrs Black
— Sorry, she's not in. She be back after five.
A. May; need B. Can; may C. Can; must D. Must; may
6) — Would you like to go swimming with me this afternoon
— I'd love to. But I'm afraid I . I have too much work to do.
A. can't B. mustn't C. needn't D. may not
7)— Could I borrow your dictionary
— Yes, of course you .
A. might B. will C. can D. should
4) D 5) B 6) A 7) C
8) Mike's car broke down but luckily he_____________to repair it.
A. can B. could C. might D. was able
9) She didn't know where she find wild roses.
A. may B. could C. can D. is able
10) you pass me a pen I'd like to write down the telephone number.
A. Need B. Could C. Must D. Should
11) He always wears smart suits. He a businessman.
A. can be B. could be C. will be D. is able to
8) D 9) B 10) B 11) B
參考答案
1. 1) can 2) been able to 3) be able to 4) can 5) be able to
2. 1) could 2) could 3) could 4) can 5) could
3. 1)C 2) B 3) A 4) D 5) B 6) A 7) C 8) D 9) B 10) B 11) B
4. 1) I may/might go to Hainan.
2)I may/might go to visit my grandma.
3)I may/might hang it in the dining room.
4)She may/might come on Saturday.
5)I may/might go to university.
5. 1) might rain 2) might wake 3) might need 4) might bite 5) might break
6. 1) had to 2) must 3) had to 4) must 5) must/have to 6) has to
7. 1) mustn't 2) don't have to 3) don't have to 4) mustn't 5) don't have to 6) mustn't
考 考 你 ！
翻譯下列句子
1. 蛋糕嘗起來棒極了。
______________________________
2. 我們應該保持開心。
______________________________
3. 我可以借你的英語書嗎？
______________________________
4. 他必須努力學習。
______________________________
5. 我們不得不離開。
______________________________
The cake tastes really good.
We should keep/stay happy.
Can/May I borrow your English book
He must study hard.
We have to leave.
THANK YOU

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