資源簡介

(共42張PPT)
Unit 2
Exploring
English
Using language
Learning Objectives
PART. 01
Understand the daily study and life of British middle school students by watching videos. Based on your own daily study and life, compare the study and life in Chinese and British schools, and find out the similarities and differences between the two. Talk about your first impression of high school life, and have a preliminary perception of the study and life in the senior high school stage.
Learning Objectives
Review common word-formation methods in English to infer word meanings based on word-formation rules and reconstruct words. Understand the differences between British English and American English in spelling and vocabulary usage.
Through listening training broaden your horizons in various aspects, and improve the comprehensive language use in real contexts.
Recognize the development and diversity of the English language, enhance problem-solving skills, and observe and understand the world from a cross-cultural perspective.
Understand the daily study and life of British middle school students by watching videos. Based on your own daily study and life, compare the study and life in Chinese and British schools, and find out the similarities and differences between the two. Talk about your first impression of high school life, and have a preliminary perception of the study and life in the senior high school stage.
Teaching Focuses and Anticipated Difficulties
Students can improve the comprehensive language use in real context, and review common word-formation methods in English to infer word meanings based on word-formation rules and reconstruct words.
Recognize the development and diversity of the English language, enhance problem-solving skills, and observe and understand the world from a cross-cultural perspective.
Grammar
PART. 02
Look at the sentences and expressions from the reading passage. Match the words in bold to the types of word formation.
d
c
b
a
Word formation (構(gòu)詞法)
構(gòu)詞法
(word formation)
合成法
(combining two or more words)
派生法
(adding a prefix or suffix)
轉(zhuǎn)化法
(changing the part of speech)
縮略法
(abbreviating)
前綴
(prefix)
后綴
(suffix)
一、派生法
在一個詞根的前面或后面加上某個詞綴生成一詞，這種構(gòu)詞法稱為派生法。加在前面的詞綴叫前綴，加在后面得叫后綴。
1. 前綴
前綴一般只改變詞的意義，不改變詞性。
(1) 表示否定意義的前綴
前綴 例詞
un- unable 不能的 unhappy 不快樂的 unusual 不尋常的
dis- dishonest 不誠實(shí)的 disorder 混亂 disconnect 斷開連接
in-/im-/ir-/il- incorrect 不正確的 impolite 不禮貌的 irregular 不規(guī)則的 illegal 非法的
non- non-verbal 非言語的 non-fiction 非虛構(gòu)類 non-payment 未付款
... ...
(2) 表示程度，大小的前綴
(3) 表示其他意義的前綴
前綴 例詞
Super- superhero 超級英雄 superpower 超級大國；超能力
over- overwork 過度工作 overcharge 要價(jià)過高；過度充電
mini- minicomputer 小型計(jì)算機(jī) minicab 小型出租車
under- underweight 體重不足的 underfund 對…… 資金提供不足
... ...
前綴 含義 例詞
a- ······的 awake 醒著的 alike 相似的 afloat 漂浮的
en- 使······ enable 使能夠 empower 授權(quán)；使有能力 ensure 確保
inter- 互相 interact 相互作用；互動 interchange 互換；立體交叉道
re- 再，又，重 review 復(fù)習(xí)；回顧 rewrite 重寫 renew 更新；重新開始
tele- 遠(yuǎn)程的 telephone 電話 telecommunication 電信
auto- 自動 autopilot 自動駕駛儀 autoanalysis 自動分析
... ... ...
2. 后綴
后綴通常改變詞性，構(gòu)成意思相近的其他詞性的詞，少數(shù)后綴會改變詞義。
(1) 形容詞后綴
后綴 含義 例詞
-able 可……的， drinkable 可飲用的 adjustable 可調(diào)節(jié)的
-al 屬于……的，
具有……性質(zhì)的 natural 自然的 personal 個人的 educational 教育的
-an 某地的，……人的 American 美國（人）的 Egyptian 埃及（人）的
-en 由……制作的 golden 金制的；金色的 silken 絲綢的
-ern ……方向的 northern 北方的 southern 南方的
... ... ...
(2) 動詞后綴
(3) 副詞后綴
后綴 含義 例詞
-fy/-ify 使成…… magnify 放大；擴(kuò)大 identify 識別；認(rèn)出
-en 變成；使 harden 變硬；使堅(jiān)強(qiáng) darken 使變暗；使變黑
-ize/-ise 以……方式說 organize 組織；安排 criticize 批評；批判
... ... ...
后綴 含義 例詞
-ly ……地 quickly 快速地 slowly 緩慢地 clearly 清晰地
-ward(s) 表示“方向” backward(s) 向后 (地) upward(s) 向上 (地)
... ... ...
(4) 名詞后綴
(5) 數(shù)詞后綴
后綴 含義 例詞
-er 人 teacher 教師 worker 工人 farmer 農(nóng)民
-or 人 director 導(dǎo)演；主管 instructor 指導(dǎo)者
-ist 人 scientist 科學(xué)家 journalist 記者
-ess 女性，雌性 waitress 女服務(wù)員 princess 公主
-ness 性質(zhì)，狀態(tài) happiness 幸福 kindness 善良
-ment 狀態(tài)，結(jié)果 development 發(fā)展 movement 運(yùn)動；移動
后綴 例詞
-teen thirteen 十三 fifteen 十五
-ty twenty 二十 thirty 三十
-th sixth 第六 seventh 第七
二、合成法
把兩個或兩個以上的詞合成一個新詞，這種構(gòu)詞法加合成法，由合成法構(gòu)成的詞叫合成詞。
1. 合成名詞
bookstore 書店、rainbow 彩虹、lighthouse 燈塔、seafood 海鮮、headphones 耳機(jī)、notebook 筆記本、classroom 教室、firefighter 消防員、grandmother 祖母、blackboard 黑板、footprint 腳印、lifestyle 生活方式
2. 合成動詞
typewrite 打字、brainwash 洗腦、babysit 臨時(shí)照看嬰兒、proofread 校對、waterproof 使防水、air-condition 給…… 裝空調(diào)、network 將…… 聯(lián)網(wǎng)；建立關(guān)系網(wǎng)、highlight 突出；強(qiáng)調(diào)
3. 合成形容詞
warm-hearted 熱心腸的、long-lasting 持久的、easy-going 隨和的、man-made 人造的、state-owned 國有的
4. 合成副詞
anyway 無論如何；不管怎樣、somewhere 在某處、meanwhile 與此同時(shí)
5. 合成介詞
inside 在…… 里面、without 沒有；不（做某事）、into 到…… 里面；進(jìn)入
三、轉(zhuǎn)化法
轉(zhuǎn)化法一個單詞由一種詞性轉(zhuǎn)化為另一種或幾種詞性，這種構(gòu)詞法稱為轉(zhuǎn)化法。
1. 由名詞轉(zhuǎn)化為動詞
book n. 書 → v. 預(yù)訂 eye n. 眼睛 → v. 注視
hand n. 手 → v. 傳遞 ship n. 船 → v. 運(yùn)輸
2. 由動詞轉(zhuǎn)化為名詞
drive v. 駕駛 → n. 驅(qū)動器；車程 attempt v. 嘗試 → n. 企圖
laugh v. 笑 → n. 笑聲 walk v. 走路 → n. 散步
3. 由形容詞轉(zhuǎn)化為動詞
cool adj. 涼爽的 → v. 使冷卻 dry adj. 干燥的 → v. 使干燥
bright adj. 明亮的 → v. 使變亮 sharp adj. 鋒利的 → v. 使鋒利
4. 由形容詞轉(zhuǎn)化為名詞
chief adj. 主要的 → n. 首領(lǐng)，負(fù)責(zé)人 calm adj. 平靜的 → n. 平靜，安寧
dear adj. 親愛的 → n. 親愛的人 disabled adj. 殘疾的 → n. [the disabled]殘疾人
5. 由副詞轉(zhuǎn)化為動詞
back adv. 向后 → v. 支持；后退 down adv. 向下 → v. 放下；擊敗
forward adv. 向前 → v. 推進(jìn)；發(fā)送 up adv. 向上 → v. 提高；建造
6. 由名詞或數(shù)詞轉(zhuǎn)化為副詞
town n. 城鎮(zhèn) → adv. 進(jìn)城；在城里 side n. 邊 → adv. 在旁邊；側(cè)面地
second num. 第二 → adv. 其次，第二 east n. 東方 → adv. 向東
7. 由形容詞轉(zhuǎn)化為副詞
fast adj. 快的 → adv. 快速地 hard adj. 硬的；努力的 → adv. 努力地；猛烈地
late adj. 晚的 → adv. 晚地，遲地 straight adj. 直的 → adv. 直接地；筆直地
四、縮略法
是指把兩個或兩個以上的詞各取一部分(或用單詞首尾字母或用截頭取尾的方法)合在一起構(gòu)成一個新單詞。讀音主要有兩種形式，即各字母分別讀音或作為一個單詞來讀。
very important person → VIP(讀字母音)貴賓
television → TV(讀字母音)電視
advertisement → ad廣告
laboratory → lab實(shí)驗(yàn)室
BTW →
VG →
NVM →
By the way 順便說一下
Very good 很好
Never mind 別擔(dān)心
Now look for more examples of each type in the reading passage.
abbreviating: IT, US
changing the part of speech: When we ... see ... snow, we can say... “it’s snowing”.
adding a prefix or suffix: paint-painting, hard-hardly, soft-softly, harm-harmless / harmful, shame-shameless / shameful, visible-invisible
combining two or more words: hamburger, eggplant, seasick, airsick, carsick, homesick, homework, housework
Look at the charts and answer the questions.
When you open a dictionary, you often come across a lot of unfamiliar words. You might think this is a bit scary. But many of them are formed using other simpler words. This is called word formation.
Words formed by combining other words are called compounds, for example, 1_________ (a friend that you contact by writing, traditionally using a pen) and 2____________ (known by many people).
Prefixes and suffixes often have fixed meanings. If you add un- or in- to a word, the new word usually means the opposite. For example, if something isn’t correct it’s 3__________, and if someone isn’t happy they are 4_________. Words with the suffixes -ment and -ness are often nouns. For example, if somebody has improved a lot, they have made great 5____________.
Some nouns and adjectives can be used as verbs, or the other way round. When we calm somebody down, they become 6_________. And we can give someone a present by 7__________ it.
And sometimes a word is made up of the first letters of several words: “World Trade Organization ” can be referred to as 8_______, and 9_______ is short for “as soon as possible”.
It is impossible to know the meaning of every word, but knowing about word formation can help us guess their meanings.
penfriend
well-known
incorrect
unhappy
improvement
calm
presenting
WTO
ASAP
Work in groups. Choose one type and come up with as many words as possible.
Group A
unlike, dislike, likely,
likelihood
like
Group B
unlike, dislike, likeness, likely, liking, unlikely
Group B is the winner.
Watch a video and a picture, and feel the differences that between American English and British English.
Look at the pictures and get to know American English words and British equivalents.
American English: subway, highway, theater, gas, apartment, elevator
British English: underground, motorway, theatre, petrol, flat, lift
Now Complete the passage with the words above.
Today, American English is in common international use. It is different from British English in several ways, mostly in spelling and vocabulary. Some American spellings were created by Noah Webster, who made one of America’s first dictionaries. He changed “-re” spellings to “er”, which is why 1_______ is spelt 2________ in American English.
The Americans and the British also use different words for everyday things. For example, Americans talk about putting 3______ in their cars and driving along the 4________, whereas in the UK, people put 5______ in their cars and drive along the 6__________.
Americans take the 7________ to the top floor of a building, but the British use the 8_____. In the US, they take the 9_______, but in the UK, people travel on the 10____________. Americans live in a(n) 11__________, while the British live in a(n) 12_____.
It’s not as confusing as it seems: usually people from the two countries can understand each other from the context. But that doesn’t stop them having a friendly argument about which word is the “right” one!
subway/underground highway/motorway theater/theatre gas/petrol apartment/flat elevator/lift
theatre
theater
gas
highway
petrol
motorway
elevator
lift
subway
underground
apartment
flat
Work in pairs. Find more examples of differences between American and British English. Use a dictionary or search on the Internet.
Spelling
Vocabulary
Pronunciation
Listening
PART. 03
Each year, many additions are made to English dictionaries. Recent additions include “selfie” (a photograph that you take of yourself, usually with a mobile phone) and “netizen” (a citizen who uses the Internet).
Some messaging abbreviations have also been added, for example, BRB (be right back), COZ (because) and G2G (got to go).
Did You Know
Listen to three conversations and match them to the pictures.
Conversation 3
Conversation 1
Conversation 2
Listen again and complete the table.
Words Meaning Origin
dim sum a kind of traditional 1 _______________ from 2 ____________________
3 _________ using a cellphone without caring about others a combination of the words 4 _________ and 5 _________
6 _________ a shorter way of saying 7 ___________________ from the Internet
Chinese food
the Guangdong dialect
cellfish
cellphone
selfish
LOL
“l(fā)augh out loud”
Now talk about how the speakers ask for and explain the meanings of the words.
Work in pairs. Act out the conversation to ask for and explain the meanings of the expressions.
student A
Situation 1:
You are a waiter / waitress in a restaurant. You ask your customer whether he / she needs a doggy bag.
(Note: A “doggy bag” is a bag or box in which you take unfinished food home from a restaurant.)
Situation 2:
You see a sign in a supermarket saying “3 for 2”. You don’t know what it means and ask the shop assistant to explain.
Work in pairs. Act out the conversation to ask for and explain the meanings of the expressions.
student B
Situation 1:
You are asking for the bill in a restaurant. The waiter / waitress asks you if you need a doggy bag. You don’t know what it is and ask him / her to explain.
Situation 2:
You are a shop assistant. A customer asks you what “3 for 2” means. (Note: “3 for 2” means that if you buy two items, you get a third one for free.)
Work in pairs. Find more words and their meanings on the Internet, and have a similar conversation.
Vocabulary
1. come across
come about 發(fā)生，產(chǎn)生(常與how 連用)
come on 登臺；發(fā)展；得了吧；趕快；加把勁
come to 總共；達(dá)到(其狀況)；(昏迷后)醒來
come out 出版；出現(xiàn)；開花
come true 實(shí)現(xiàn)；成為現(xiàn)實(shí)(不用于被動語態(tài))
come along 出現(xiàn)，來到；(和某人)一起去
come up 走近，靠近；被提及，被討論(不用于被動語態(tài))
come up with 想出(主意)，想到(答案等)
例題：Her lifelong dream of becoming a doctor finally came _______.
true
Vocabulary
2. contact
be in contact with sb. 與某人有聯(lián)系
stay/keep in contact with sb. 某人保持聯(lián)系
lose contact with sb. 與某人失去聯(lián)系
make contact with sb.=get in contact with sb. 與某人人取得聯(lián)系
例題：
I’ve tried hard not to lose contact _____ my family while studying overseas.
I try to _________ in contact with my college roommates through weekly video calls.
with
stay/keep
Vocabulary
3. addition
in addition 除此之外，此外
in addition to 除……之外(還)
例題：
The team not only won the game but also gained valuable experience. ____________, their performance inspired fans.
________________ his regular job, he volunteers at a local shelter every weekend.
In addition
In addition to
Exercise
PART. 04
1. Stepping into an u_________(不熟悉的) city alone can be both exciting and daunting.
2. To understand the meaning of a word, it’s essential to look at its c________(上下文) in the sentence.
3. A balanced diet and regular exercise make it more l______(可能的) for people to stay healthy.
4. The embassy advised citizens to c_______(聯(lián)系) them immediately in case of an emergency.
5. This bookstore has every t______(類型) of novel, from sci-fi to romance.
nfamiliar
Exercise: 單詞拼寫
ontext
ikely
ontact
ype
1. A ____________(combine) of hard work and luck is necessary to achieve success.
2. The United Nations is an international ___________(organize) dedicated to promoting peace and cooperation.
3. The storm made the dark sky look ______(scare), with lightning flashing every few seconds.
4. The __________(form) of public opinion is influenced by media, education, and personal experiences.
5. The hotel offers ___________(addition) services like airport pickup and room service.
combination
Exercise: 用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空
organization
scary
formation
additional
Summary
PART. 05
Using language
Grammar
Vocabulary
Listening
構(gòu)詞法
派生法
轉(zhuǎn)化法
合成法
縮略法
Homework
PART. 06
單擊標(biāo)題內(nèi)容
詳細(xì)內(nèi)容……點(diǎn)擊輸入本欄的具體文字，簡明扼要的說明分項(xiàng)內(nèi)容。點(diǎn)擊輸入本欄的具體文字，詳細(xì)內(nèi)容……點(diǎn)擊輸入本欄的具體文字，簡明扼要的說明分項(xiàng)內(nèi)容。點(diǎn)擊輸入本欄的具體文字，詳細(xì)內(nèi)容……點(diǎn)擊輸入本欄的具體文字，簡明扼要的說明分項(xiàng)內(nèi)容。點(diǎn)擊輸入本欄的具體文字，
單擊標(biāo)題內(nèi)容
詳細(xì)內(nèi)容……點(diǎn)擊輸入本欄的具體文字，簡明扼要的說明分項(xiàng)內(nèi)容。點(diǎn)擊輸入本欄的具體文字，詳細(xì)內(nèi)容……點(diǎn)擊輸入本欄的具體文字，簡明扼要的說明分項(xiàng)內(nèi)容。點(diǎn)擊輸入本欄的具體文字，詳細(xì)內(nèi)容……點(diǎn)擊輸入本欄的具體文字，簡明扼要的說明分項(xiàng)內(nèi)容。點(diǎn)擊輸入本欄的具體文字，
59%
Review what you have learnt in this class;
Find new words and their meanings on the Internet.
Homework
See you next class!

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