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主旨大意題
Contents:
1. 考綱解讀
2. 主旨大意題：文章大意、段落大意、歸納標題
3. 閱讀理解解題模板
I. 考綱解讀：
1. 主旨大意是全文的核心，大多數其他題型都是主旨大意的反映。
2. 主旨大意題側重考查考生準確找尋或概括歸納主旨大意的能力，以及辨別主要信息和次要信息的能力。
3. 該題型一般針對某一語篇或某一語段的主題和標題設題。包含文章大意題、段落大意題和標題歸納題。
一. 文章大意題：（核心思想和中心話題）
1. What is the general/main idea of the passage
2. Which of the following expresses the main idea
3. What is the subject discussed in the text
4. What’s the article mainly about
文章大意題：
1.(質檢二）Britain’s streets are becoming increasingly crowded with throwaway facemasks and protective gloves, a survey has found, as councils warn that they are battling wih a mountain of personal protective equipment (PPE) litter.
Four in ten councils have identified throwaway masks, gloves and other forms of PPE as a problem in their area, and warned that it could pose an infection risk.
Councils are already struggling with waste collection during the pandemic ....
1.What is the text mainly about
A.The benefits of wearing facemasks. B.The ways of dealing with rubbish.
C. The problem of handling PPE litter. D. The importance of protecting individuals.
C
文章大意題：
2.（周考二）For those who make journeys across the world, the speed of travel today has turned the countries into a series of villages. Distances between them appear no greater to a modern traveler than those which once faced men as they walked from village to village. Jet planes fly people from one end of the earth to the other, allowing them a freedom of movement undreamt of a hundred years ago.
Yet some people wonder if the revolution in travel has gone too far. A price has been paid, they say, for the conquest of time and distance. Travel is something to be enjoyed, not endured. The boat offers leisure and time enough to appreciate the ever-changing sights and sounds of a journey. A journey by train also has a special charm about it. Lakes and forests and wild, open plains sweeping past your carriage window create a grand view in which time and distance mean nothing....
文章大意題：
2. What is the main idea of the passage
A.Air travel benefits people and industries.
B.Train travel has some advantages over air travel.
C.Great changes have taken place in modern travel.
D.The high speed of air travel is gained at a cost.
D
文章大意題：
3.(周考十)Many people write to newspapers and magazines to express their opinions. Letters to the editor carry the writer’s full name, address and telephone number, although the information is not necessary for publication. This requirement to provide personal particulars is a clear indication that writers are held responsible for what they say. When a writer wants his voice heard, he needs to claim ownership of his voice. Responsibility is the name of the game.
....When we sign a paper, for example, a business contract or a bank document, the signature is a seal of consent, an agreement to take the matter seriously. The absence of a signature, they explain, tells us that the writer can’t be too serious and therefore does not deserve a reply.
文章大意題：
There are people who wish to remain anonymous(匿名的) for various reasons...
Name or no name The answer is very personal and lies in how much we want to get involved. We all have a name. It is a matter of responsibility to use it when we make a statement, a claim or an accusation. We all want to honor our own name, and it is only by stamping our expression of an opinion with our name that we honor what we say.
3. The passage is mainly about ______.
A. honor and writers B. signature and responsibility
C. identity and signature D. anonymity and signature
B
文章大意題技巧：（核心思想和中心話題）
1. 主題句法：
根據不同的文體定位主題句：議論文/說明文主題句在首段，記敘文要歸納及研讀最后段。
行文標志定位主題句：注意首段的轉折詞（but,however...)及疑問詞；注意總結性詞（conclude,thus...)
2. 高頻詞+概括歸納法：
無明顯主題句，找文中反復出現的高頻詞（主題詞）+串聯每段大意歸納文章大意。
（斷主體，定主題，尋高頻，判結構，學歸納，善排除）
語篇閱讀三種結構
記敘文思維導圖
二.段落大意題：
1. What's te second paragraph mainly about
2. The first paragraph is mainly about _____
3. Whichof the following can best ummarize Para 1
段落大意題：
4. ...
Perhaps, but what they will probably really accomplish is what all good technologies do----enable laziness. Rather than getting up to check on whether the laundry is done, users will instead monitor it on their phones while watching TV. (The last paragraph)
4. What is the main idea of the last paragraph
A.The laundry should be frequently checked.
B.Lazy people like using such machines.
C.Good technologies also cause problems.
D.Television may help do the laundry.
C
2.段落大意題：
5.California has lost half its big trees since the 1930s, according to a study to be published Tuesday and climate change seems to be a major factor.
The number of trees larger than two feet across has declined by 50 percent on more than 46, 000 square miles of California forests, the new study finds. No area was spared or unaffected, from the foggy northern coast to the Sierra Nevada Mountains to the San Gabriels above Los Angeles. In the Sierra high country, the number of big trees has fallen by more than 55 percent; in parts of southern California the decline was nearly 75 percent.
2.段落大意題：
5.What is the second paragraph mainly about
A. The seriousness of big-tree loss in California.
B. The increasing variety of California big trees.
C. The distribution of big trees in California forests.
D. The influence of farming on big trees in California.
A
段落大意題技巧：主題句或歸納大意
總分結構：主題句在段首 （說明文和議論文）
分總結構：主題句在段尾（先表述細節，后歸納概括）
分總分結構：主題句在段中（先用幾句話引出要表達的主題，再陳述主題，再論述細節。即：引出主題--段落中心--論述主題）
平鋪型：無明確主題句（需概括）
（判結構，定主題，學歸納）
三、歸納標題題
最佳標題的特點：
概括性（準確、簡短）
針對性（大小合適）
醒目性（新穎性）
歸納標題題：
1. What’s the best title for the text
2. The best title for this passage is _____
3. Which of the following can be the best title for the passage
歸納標題題：
6. (十月練習題）Electric cars will produce significantly less greenhouse gases over their lifetimes in the next decades, a new report has found.
“On average, an electric vehicle will cut its greenhouse gas emission by 50% by 2030, including the manufacturing emissions, ” said Yoann Le Petit.
......
As battery technology improves and more renewables enter the electricity supply, emissions from battery production itself could be cut by 65%, the study has found.
歸納標題題：
6. Which can be the best title for the text
A.What Should Be Done to Reduce the Greenhouse Gases
B.How Can EU Increase the Market Share of Electric Cars
C.Emissions From Electric Cars Might Be Cut Sharply by 2030.
D. People Have Different Concerns About the Wide Adoption of Electric Cars.
C
歸納標題題：
7.(周考五) Poet William Stafford once said that we are defined more by the detours (繞行路) in life by the narrow road toward goals. I like this image. But it was quite by accident that I discovered the deep meaning of his words.
......
Some road trips are by necessity fast and straight. But that trip with Banner opened our eyes to a world available to anyone adventurous enough t wander around and made me realize that a detour may uncover the best part of a journey and the best part of yourself.
歸納標題題：
7.What could be the best title for the passage
A. Charm of the Detour
B. The Road to Bravery
C.Creativity out of Necessity
D. Road trip and Country life
A
歸納標題題：
8.(周考七)Frederic Mishkin, who’s been a professor at Columbia Business School for almost 30 years, is good at solving problems and expressing ideas. When he was in graduate school, one of his professors was so annoyed by this constant gesturing that he made the young economist sit on his hands whenever he visited the professor’s office.
It turns out, however, that Mishkin’s professor had it exactly wrong. Gesture doesn’t prevent bu promotes clear thought and speech. Research demonstrates that the movements we make with our hands when we talk form a kind of second language, adding information that’s absent from our words. It’s learning’s secret code:Gesture reveals what we know. It reveals what we don’t know. What’s more, the agreement (or lack of agreement) between what our voices say and how our hands move offers a clue to our readiness to learn.
......
歸納標題題：
8.What could be the best title of the passage
A.Hand Motions, a Second Language
B. Gesturing:Signal of Understanding
C.New uses of Gesturing
D. The Secret Code of Learning
D
歸納標題題：
9.(周考六）Going green seems to be a fad for a lot of people these days. Whether tat is good or bad, we can’t really say, but for the two of us, going green is not a fad but a lifestyle.
On April 22, 2011, we decided to go green every single day for an entire year....
With the idea of going green every single for a year, Our green Year started....
Over the course of Our Green Year, we completely changed our lifestyle....
Our minds have been changed by Our Green Year. We are grateful for the chance to have been able to go green and educate others. We believe that we do have the power to change things and help our planet.
歸納標題題：
9.What might be the best title for the passage
A.Going Green
B. Protecting the Planet
C.Keeping Open-Minded
D. Celebrating Our Green Year
A
歸納標題題：
10. Sitting on the peaceful coast of Galapagos Islands,Ecuador, watching the sun move quietly into the sea, you shouldn’t forget that Charles Darwin (1809-1882) arrived here in 1835. He stayed on the islands for five weeks, observing various animals. This finally inspired his famous work, On the Origin of Species. You can certainly follow Darwin’s footsteps and enjoy a trip from four to seven days to the islands.
The islands are certainly a paradise for wildlife,......
The most well-known animals of the Galapagos is the giant tortoise....
Despite strict control over activities and timing, your stay on the Galapagos will be remembered as a chain of incomparable pictures:...
Travelling between the islands and observing the wildlife that so inspired Darwin, you will feel as though you are getting a special view of an untouched world. ...
歸納標題題：
10. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage
A. A Unique Attraction for Wildlife Lovers
B. Galapagos as a Paradise for Adventures
C. Charles Darwin as a Symbol of Galapagos
D. A Successful Example of Wildlife Protection
A
歸納標題題：
11. (二月雙周考) I took a job at a vet clinic almost five decades ago. As an enthusiastic animal lover, I accepted the position on the condition that I wouldn’t have to assist with any wounded animals. I couldn’t bear to see any creature in pain.
At the end of my first week, we were closing the office for the day when a young man ran up to us holding a severely injured Doberman pinscher puppy(杜賓幼犬）in his arms and begging us to save his life....
The doctor and I ran back into the operating room. The only place the skin was still attached to this poor little animal’s body was around one shoulder....
That day forever changed my life. I became the vet’s assistant in all things medical...
歸納標題題：
Fast-forward about a year, I walked into the clinic’s crowded waiting room and called the name of the next client. Suddenly, a huge Doberman who had been standing quietly with his owner on the opposite side of the room broke loose and dashed toward me. I found myself pinned against the wall with this magnificent dog standing on his hind legs, his front paws on my shoulders, washing my face with abundant and joyful kisses!
I still tear up in amazement at the display of love and gratitude the dog had for me that day all those years ago.
11. What is the best title of this passage
A.A loving vet B. A lucky dog
C. A grateful patient D. A life-changing story
C
歸納標題題技巧：
1. Main Idea式 :
Find the topic sentence
(Title = topic +controlling idea)
2.Clue式：
(1). Grasp the main clue or the key words
(the words or phrases which appear many times.)
(2). Generalize the main idea of each part.
(the style of the passage)
解題口訣：
頭尾找主題
主線要明晰
意義細分析
篇章文體結構：
（1）應用文：結構+細節+目的
（2）記敘文(夾敘夾議)：六要素+哲理 (情節線+情感線)
（3）新聞題材：中心話題+輔助材料
（4）說明文：話題+分項信息+總結
（5）議論文：問題展示+研究+結果+解決問題
四、技巧補充
正確選項特征：
1. 表達比較含蓄，委婉（may,possible, perhaps)
2. 覆蓋全文，范圍恰當，大小合適
3. 是原文的近義改寫，精確性強，不改變語言表達的程度及感彩
四、技巧補充：
錯誤選項特征：
1. 表達過于絕對（all, only, never)
2. 文中未提及，主觀臆斷
3. 半對半錯，與原文相似但在某處細節或是程度、態度、感彩上變動。
4. 偷梁換柱，張冠李戴
5. 擴大或縮小范圍
6. 非主要信息點，主次不分，以偏概全。
五、閱讀理解解題模板
六部曲： 審、定、析、判、配、檢
“大” ：審題三部曲：思題干、猜中心、順結構
（發散思維--- 整體思維）
“精”：解題四規范：定段落、析結構、判信息、配答案
（逆向思維---邏輯思維）
“準”：檢查四到位：對題干、查出處、比選項、看中心
（批判思維---客觀思維）
【自我檢測】
Self-practice
Thank you !

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