資源簡介

(共43張PPT)
句子成分
基本句型
一、句子
句子是由詞按照一定的語法結構組成的，是能表達一個完整概念的語言單位．句子的第一個字母必須大寫，結尾要有．？ ！
I am a teacher.
Are you a student
How beautiful the girl is !
二、句子成分
基本成分
核心成分
狀語（修飾動詞）
修飾成分
句子成分
主語
謂語動詞
謂語成分
賓語
間接賓語
直接賓語
補語
賓語補足語
主語補足語（表語）
定語（修飾名詞）
1.主語（S）
是一個句子所敘說的主體，和賓語相對，（在主動語態里）是動作的發出者。主語的位置一般在句首，一般不省略（在祈使句里省去）。但在there be結構、疑問句（當主語不是疑問詞時）和倒裝句中，主語位于謂語、助動詞或情態動詞后面。主語可由名詞、代詞、數詞、不定式、動名詞、名詞化的形容詞和主語從句等表示。
找出主語，并判斷其由什么充當。
Jane is playing the piano.
She went out in a hurry.
Four plus four is eight.
To see is to believe.
Smoking is bad.
The young should respect the old.
What he has said is true.
（名詞）
（代詞）
（數詞）
（不定式）
（動名詞）
（名詞化的形容詞）
（主語從句）
2.謂語
1. 說明主語“做什么”，“是什么”，或“怎么樣”
2. 必須用動詞
3. 和主語在人稱，數兩個方面必須一致（主謂一致）
4. 在主語后面
2。謂語動詞（V）
I talked about my career plan.
Tom can play the violin.
The food tastes delicious.
They are my best friend.
He didn’t finish his homework.
實義動詞
情態動詞+動詞原形
系動詞-感官動詞
系動詞-be動詞
助動詞+動詞原形
實義動詞
系動詞
情態動詞+動詞原形
助動詞+動詞原形
系動詞
系動詞分類
1. 狀態 be動詞（am/is/are）
2. 感官 look, taste, feel, smell, sound
3. 變化 grow, go, get, become, turn
4. 持續 Keep, stay, remain
5. 證明 prove
6. 好像 seem, appear
口訣：狀感正持續變好
及物動詞 & 不及物動詞
及物動詞（vt.） 不及物動詞（vi.）
及物動詞后必須跟有動作的對象（即賓語） 可直接跟賓語。 有被動語態。 不及物動詞后不能直接跟有動作的對象（即賓語）。
若要跟賓語，必須先在其后加上某個介詞。
無被動語態。
如play, visit, see, like, take, give 如look, cry, agree, walk, go, happen
He visited his grandparents yesterday. Please look at this picture carefully.
找出謂語動詞
What happened
The plane took off at 10 o’clock.
We were beaten by their team.
You can do it if you try hard.
I will watch the movie.
She quickly filled in the form.
Time flies.
This is a good story.
3.賓語（O）
動作的對象或承受者,位于謂語之后。
賓語一般由名詞、代詞、數詞、不定式、動名詞、賓語從句充當。
找出賓語，并判斷其由什么充當
Show your passport, please.
She didn't say anything.
How many do you want - I want two.
They sent the injured to hospital.
They asked to see my passport.
I enjoy working with you.
Did you write down what he said
（名詞）
（代詞）
（數詞）
（名詞化的形容詞）
（不定式）
（動名詞）
（賓語從句）
間接賓語 & 直接賓語
賓語分為直接賓語和間接賓語.
He gave me some books.
↓
間接
賓語
IO
↓
直接
賓語
DO
●Please pass me the book.
●He bought his mother some flowers.
me
some books
4. 賓語補足語
英語中有些及物動詞，除有一個直接賓語以外，還要有一個賓語補語，才能使句子的意義完整。
帶有賓語補足語的一般句型為：某些及物動詞（如make等+賓語+賓補）
make, consider, cause, see, find, feel,call, get, have, let…
賓補可由名詞、形容詞、副詞、不定式、分詞、介詞短語和從句充當。
找出賓補，并判斷其由什么充當
His father named him Dongming.
They painted their boat white.
Let the fresh air in.
You mustn’t force him to lend his money to you.
We saw her entering the room.
We found everything in the lab in good order.
We will soon make our city what your city is now.
（名詞）
（形容詞）
（副詞）
（不定式短語）
（現在分詞）
（介詞短語）
（從句）
5.表語
說明或表述主語的身份、特征和狀態
位置在系動詞之后
一般由名詞、代詞、形容詞、分詞、數詞、不定式、動名詞、介詞短語、副詞及表語從句充當
系動詞分類
1. 狀態 be動詞（am/is/are）
2. 感官 look, taste, feel, smell, sound
3. 變化 grow, go, get, become, turn
4. 持續 Keep, stay, remain
5. 證明 prove
6. 好像 seem, appear
口訣：妝感正持續變好
找出表語，并判斷其由什么充當
Is it yours
The weather has turned cold.
The speech is exciting.
Three times seven is twenty one
His job is to teach English.
His hobby is playing football.
The machine must be out of order.
Time is up. The class is over.
The truth is that he has never been abroad.
（代詞）
（形容詞）
（形容詞）
（數詞）
（不定式）
（動名詞）
（介詞短語）
（副詞）
（表語從句）
6.定語
修飾或限制名詞或代詞的詞、詞組或從句
He is a clever boy.
His father works in a steel factory.
There are 54 students in our class.
Do you know betty’s sister
He bought some sleeping pills.
His spoken language is good.
The book that I bought yesterday is very interesting.
(形容詞)
(名詞)
(數詞)
(名詞的所有格)
(動名詞)
(過去分詞)
(定語從句)
定語后置
如果定語是由一個單詞表示時，通常要前置。
而由一個詞組或一個句子表示時，通常則后置。
The girl in red is his sister.
The girl standing under the tree is his daughter.
Do you know the man who spoke just now
7.狀語（A）
修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞或整個句子
說明方式、因果、條件、時間、地點、讓步、方向、程度、目的等
7.狀語（A）
狀語在句子中的位置很靈活，常見情況為：
1)通常在句子基本結構之后，強調時放在句首；
2)修飾形容詞或副詞時，通常位于被修飾的詞之前；
3)表示時間、地點、目的的狀語一般位于句子兩頭，強調時放在句首，地點狀語一般須在時間狀語之前；
4)一些表示不確定時間（如：often）或程度（如：almost）的副詞狀語通常位于be動詞、助動詞、情態動詞之后，動詞之前。
7.狀語（A）
Light travels most quickly.（副詞及副詞性詞組）
He has learned English for ten years.（介詞短語）
He is proud to have passed the national college entrance examination.（不定式短語）
He is in the room making a model plane.（分詞短語）
Wait a minute.（名詞）
Once you begin, you must continue.（狀語從句）
找出狀語，并判斷狀語類型
How about meeting again at six
Last night she didn’t go to the dance party because of the rain.
I shall go there if it doesn’t rain.
Mr Smith lives on the third floor.
She put the eggs into the basket with great care.
She came in with a dictionary in her hand.
In order to catch up with the others, I must work harder.
He was so tired that he fell asleep immediately.
She works very hard though she is old.
I am taller than he is.
（時間）
（原因）
（條件）
（地點）
（方式）
（伴隨）
（目的）
（結果）
（讓步）
（比較）
8.同位語
當兩個詞或詞組在一個句子中具有相同的語法地位而且描述相同的人或事物時，我們稱它們為同位語。
同理，當兩個指同一人或事物的句子成分放在同等位置時，若其中一個句子成分是用于說明或解釋另一個句子成分的，那么用于起說明或解釋作用的句子成分就叫做另一成分的同位語。
Ms. Li, our English teacher, is kind and patient.
主語
同位語
找出同位語
This is my friend Lily.
Yesterday, I met Tom, Lucy’s brother.
We Chinese people are brave and hard-working.
They both enjoy playing basketball.
The news that he will come back is true.
三.句子分類
句子結構類型
（一）簡單句
（二）并列句
（三）復合句
*幾個簡單句用分號或并列連詞連接起來構成并列句;
*幾個簡單句可通過各種方式組合成含有主句和從句
的復合句。
只包含一個主謂結構而且各個成分均由詞組構成的句子
The book came out.
His sister cried.
The phone rang.
I agreed.
主語
謂語
1. 主+謂 （S Vi）
He is reading a book.
Mike knows the answer.
She likes dogs.
You should finish your homework.
主語
謂語
2. 主+謂+賓 （SVO）
賓語
He gave me a book.
My father bought me a bike.
She showed me her pictures.
I provide him some food.
主語
謂語
3. 主+謂+(間)賓+(直)賓 (SVoO)
間賓
直賓
We must keep the door open.
The news made them happy.
She found the room empty.
We consider him a kind man.
主語
謂語
4. 主+謂+賓+賓補 （SVOC）
賓語
賓補
Mr. Wu is our Chinese teacher.
They are energetic.
The plan sounds perfect.
Everything looks different.
主語
謂語
5. 主+系+表 (SVP)
表語
Mr. Wu talks loudly.
The time passed very quickly.
The park lies in the center of the city.
He walks to school.
主語
謂語
6. 主+謂+狀 （SVA）
狀語
Cindy likes reading books in the library.
The boy is watching TV in the room.
They had dinner in this restaurant.
He settled the problem in an easy way.
主語
謂語
7. 主+謂+賓+狀 （SVOA）
賓語
狀語
8. There be句型
(be動詞單復數與最近的名詞保持一致)
此句型是由“There+be+主語+狀語”構成，用以
表達存在關系可以稱“……有……”。 它其實是
倒裝的一種情況，主語位于謂語動詞 be 之后，
there 僅為引導詞，并無實際語意。
8. There be句型
(be動詞單復數與后面的名詞（主語）保持一致)
教室里面有一個大屏幕。
There is a big screen in the classroom.
學校里面有很多樹，很多花。
There are many trees and flowers in the school.
中國有很多傳統節日。
There are a lot of traditional festivals in China.
總結：簡單句的基本句型
主+謂 SV
主+謂+賓 SVO
主+謂+(間)賓+(直)賓 SVoO
主+謂+賓+賓補 SVOC
主+系+表 SVP
主+謂+狀 SVA
主+謂+賓+狀 SVOA
There be句型
練習：判斷下列句子的句型
He smiled.
Tim and his friends are playing football in the playground.
Her dream has come true.
This video made me sad.
All the tourists seemed happy.
SV
SVA
SV
SVOC
SVP
練習：判斷下列句子的句型
She is in good health.
Someone left you this note.
She always keeps her room clean.
I live in Beijing.
You must treat her kindly.
SVP
SVO
SVOC
SVA
SVOA
練習：判斷下列句子的句型
My brother has become a famous writer.
Jim stood in front of the mirror.
I want a cup of coffee.
We elected him president.
They stayed at home.
SVP
SVA
SVO
SVOC
SVA
練習：判斷句子成分
《童年》-羅大佑
池塘邊的 榕樹上
知了在聲聲地叫著夏天
操場邊的 秋千上
只有蝴蝶兒停在上面
黑板上老師的粉筆還在拼命唧唧喳喳寫個不停
等待著下課 等待著放學 等待游戲的童年
練習：判斷句子成分
My Heart Will Go On, Celine Dion
Every night in my dreams
I see you l feel you
That is how I know you go on
Far across the distance and spaces between us
You have come to show you go on
Near, far, wherever you are
I believe that the heart does go on
Once more you open the door
And you're here in my heart
And my heart will go on and on
L O
G O
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