資源簡介 (共27張PPT)B1 Welcome UnitDiscovering UsefulSrtucturesLearn to analyze the structure of the sentences12Learn to know the basic sentencestructures of English.Learn to analyze the structure of thesentences .Learning objectivesWhat do think of the grammar Lead invocabularygrammarWhat makes a sentence Lead insentence elementsS 表示主語(subject)V 表示謂語(predicate)O 表示賓語(object)IO 表示間接賓語(indirect object)DO 表示直接賓語(direct object)P 表示表語(predicative)Attr. 表示定語 (attributive)A 表示狀語(adverbial)C 表示補足語(complement)Seeing is believing.眼見為實。The baby is sleeping.寶寶正在睡覺。主語就是一個句子的陳述的對象,是施動者,可以是人,也可以是物。12主語It drives me mad to teach her.注意:主語一般位于句首,但若不定式(短語)、動名詞(短語)、名詞性從句作主語,常用it作形式主語,則把真正的主語放在句后。找出下列句子的主語。Twenty years is a short time in history.Running is good for our health. To study hard is your duty. She likes dancing. What I want is some apples .數詞動名詞不定式代詞主語從句We plant trees in spring every year. 我們每年春天都種許多樹。The aircraft had taken off at 7.飛機已在7點起飛。謂語動詞指的是在句子中可以單獨作謂語的動詞,主要由實義動詞充當。12謂語注意:謂語:表示主語的行為或狀態,一般在主語之后。謂語中最重要的是謂語動詞 (通常由實義動詞充當),它有時態,語態的變化,并受主語人稱和數的影響。簡單謂語:由實義動詞或者是動詞短語組成謂語復合謂語:由情態動詞/助動詞+實義動詞These students will go to visit the museum tomorrow.明天這些學生將去參觀博物館.。I will return you the book tomorrow.我會在明天把書還給你。12謂語的分類 1. 實義動詞:又實在意義并能獨立作謂語及物動詞 :需帶賓語才能完整表意,若缺少賓語,句意不完整。不及物動詞 :無需賓語即可獨立使用,動作本身可獨立存在。 3. 系動詞謂語 :連接主語與表語,說明狀態或特征。 4. 助動詞謂語 :輔助構成時態或語態。 5. 情態動詞謂語 :表達能力、意愿等主觀態度。找出下列句子的謂語。We have finished reading this book.Running is good for our health. He doesn’t like fruit. A tiger eats meat.What I want is some apples .助動詞+實義動詞助動詞+實義動詞形容詞短語實義動詞助動詞She bought a book.她買了本書。She didn't say anything.她什么也沒說。(賓語為不定代詞)賓語:動作的承受者,表示行為或活動的對象、接受者或受影響者。賓語一般位于及物動詞和介詞之后。12賓語注意:除副詞以外的一切實詞都能充當賓語(名詞、動詞、形容詞、數量詞和代詞充當賓語)。She loves the red dress with pockets.她喜歡那件有口袋的紅色連衣裙。3Show me your tickets, please.請讓我看看你的票。She gave me a gift.她給我一份禮物。雙賓語:有些動詞后面跟直接賓語和間接賓語。直接賓語指的是動詞所涉及的物,間接賓語是指受益于動詞所表示行為的人。12雙賓語雙賓語:間接賓語(人)、直接賓語(物)雙賓語接雙賓語的動詞有:ask、bring、buy、cost、fetch、give、hand、lend、pass、pay、read、return、sell、send、show、take、teach、tell、write等。He is a boy.他是一位男孩。Five plus two is seven.五加二等于七。表語:屬于主語補足語,語法名詞,是指說明主語的身份、性質、品性、特征和狀態的詞或從句。12表語注意:表語常由名詞、分詞、形容詞、介詞短語、動名詞、不定式、副詞來充當,它常位于系動詞之后。My hobby is reading.我的愛好是閱讀。3找出下列句子的表語。The flower smells sweet.My hobby is collecting stamps.Our duty is to make our environment better.That is why he didn't come to school yesterday.形容詞不定式動名詞從句I'm going to paint the desk pink.我打算把桌子涂成粉色。I find learning English difficult.我發現學習英語很難。賓語補足語:有些及物動詞,接了賓語意義仍不完整,還需要有一個其他的句子成分,來補充說明賓語的意義、狀態等,簡稱賓補。12賓語補足語注意:賓語和它的補足語構成復合賓語。而復合賓語的第一部分通常由名詞或代詞充當,第二部分表示第一部分的名詞或代詞發出的動作或身份、特征等。Tom made the girl cried.湯姆把這個女孩弄哭了。3These are apple trees.有一些蘋果樹I have no time to travel in spring.我在春天沒有時間去旅行。定語:是用來修飾、限定、說明名詞、名詞短語或代詞的品質與特征的。12定語注意:主要由形容詞(短語)、名詞(短語)、副詞(短語)、代詞、數詞、介詞短語、動詞不定式(短語)、分詞(短語)、定語從句 等相當于形容詞的詞、形容詞性短語或句子來充當。He is the man whom I saw yesterday.他是我昨天見到的男人。3She arrived yesterday.她昨天到的。We met at the train station.我們在火車站見的面。狀語:說明動作何時、何地、如何發生;說明形容詞或副詞的程度。用于修飾形容詞,副詞,動詞或句子。12狀語注意:狀語一般是放在主語之后、被修飾的謂語中心語之前。狀語在形式上可以由副詞、名詞短語、介詞短語、定式、不定式 、分詞、等充當,主要功能是修飾句子中的動詞、動詞短語、非謂語動詞、形容詞、副詞、介詞短語或整個句子,You can go wherever you like.你可以去任何你喜歡的地方。3Mr. Smith, our new teacher, is very kind to us.我們的新老師史密斯先生對我們很好。Yesterday I met Tom, a friend of my brother's.昨天我遇到了我弟弟的朋友湯姆。同位語:是在名詞或代詞之后的并列名詞或代詞,與前者指代同一事物,只是加以說明,為同位關系。12同位語注意:同位語只有主語和賓語才有,可以由名詞、代詞以及從句充當。并且同位語一般緊跟在它所修飾的詞之后,充當的語法成分與前面的詞一致。基本句型結構主謂:主語+謂語(SV)。謂語一般是不及物動詞。eg: Linda smiled.The baby is sleeping.主謂賓:主語+謂語+賓語(SVO)。謂語是及物動詞。eg: Mike will fix everything.Jeff loves swimming.主系表:主語+連系動詞+表語(SP)。eg : They are friends.The dish smells good.主謂賓賓:主語+謂語+間接賓語+直接賓語(SVOO)。謂語是可跟雙賓語的及物動詞。eg: Alex gave his sister the piano.Mary handed me the letter.主謂賓補:主語+謂語+賓語+補語(SVOC)。謂語是可跟復合賓語的及物動詞。eg: I found the book easy.They called their daughter Amy.There be:There +be +主語+其它。主語是其后的名詞,be動詞形式根據主語的單復數而定。除be外,sound, look, seem, appear, lie,stand等,也可用于此結構。eg: There is a book on the table.There seems to be something wrong with me.由SV和SVO擴展:主謂狀:主語+謂語+狀語(SVA)。謂語為不及物動詞。eg He talked too much.主謂賓狀:主語+謂語+賓語+狀語(SVOA)。eg I had my first maths class at senior highschool.Read the sentences and analyze the structures.I’m not outgoing.The teacher was kind and friendly.He told a funny story.Everyone laughed.I found most of my classmates and teachers friendly and helpful.I didn’t feel awkward or frightened.He told us funny stories.SPSPSVOSVSVOCSPSVOOComplete sentences with the verbs in the brackets in proper structures.1. I hope my dream ______________. (come true) SV2. I _______________________ (look forwardto). SVO3. Learning English ______________ (seem). SP4. They _________________ (live). SVA5. He ____________________ (show). SVOOwill come truelook forward to your letterseems interestingare living in the cityshowed us his picturesThanks! 展開更多...... 收起↑ 資源預覽 縮略圖、資源來源于二一教育資源庫