資源簡介

Period 4　 單元語法講練(Using language)
1．superior adj．質量上乘的，優質的
(1)superior in　　 在……方面優越
superior to 比……優越；比……好
(2)superiority n． 優越(性)，優勢；優越感
[名師點津]　superior表示“較好的，更好的”，因該詞本身已含有比較意味，其前不能用more；另外，在兩者做比較時，不能與than連用，要與介詞to連用。與其用法相似的詞還有prior，junior，senior，inferior等。
[即學即練]　單句語法填空/完成句子
①Your goods are superior quality compared with those of other manufacturers．
②Driving the car gave him a feeling of total control，effortless (superior)．
③人類的大腦將永遠優越于機器，因為機器僅僅只是人腦的工具。
The human mind will always because machines are only tools of human minds．
2．make ends meet 使收支僅能相抵
(1)come to an end 完結；結束
bring...to an end ＝ put/bring an end to 使……結束；終止
(2)at the end (of) 在(……的)盡頭
in the end 最后，終于
on end 不停地，連續地；豎著地
[即學即練]　單句語法填空/完成句子
①The meeting nearly came an end when I got to the meeting room．
②They argued for two days end； the end，they decided to bring/put an end this endless argument．
③隨著生活花費的上升，他們發現很難做到收支相抵。
With the cost of living going up，they ．
3．go into debt陷入債務之中，負債
be in debt　　　　　　 欠債
fall/get/run into debt 負債
be/get out of debt 擺脫/還清債務
pay off one's debts 償清某人的債務
put sb．in debt 使某人負債
[即學即練]　單句語法填空/完成句子
①If a person is heavily debt，he is unable to earn his living，let alone gain independence．
②What made him happy was that after all these years he at last paid all his debts．
③自己創業可能是實現經濟獨立的一種方法。但另一方面，它可能會讓你負債。
Starting your own business could be a way to achieve financial independence．On the other hand，it could ．
復習定語從句
一、引導定語從句的關系詞
1．定語從句關系詞的用法
關系詞 先行詞 充當的成分
關系代詞 who 人 主語、賓語、表語
whom 人 賓語
which 物/事 主語、賓語、表語
that 人/物 主語、賓語、表語、狀語
whose 人/物 定語
as 人/物/事 主語、賓語、表語
關系副詞 when 時間 時間狀語
where 地點 地點狀語
why 原因 原因狀語
She is the girl who lives next door．
她就是住在隔壁的女孩。
She's the student whose handwriting is the best in my class．
她是我們班里書法最好的學生。
As is known to us all，China is a developing country．
眾所周知，中國是一個發展中國家。
I still remember the days when we stayed in England．
我仍然記得我們在英國的那些日子。
2．關系代詞和關系副詞的選用
(1)用關系代詞還是關系副詞取決于從句中的謂語動詞。如果是及物動詞，就要用關系代詞；如果是不及物動詞，則要用關系副詞。
The letter that/which I received yesterday was from my father．
昨天我收到的那封信是我父親寄來的。
This is the mountain village where I stayed last year．
這是我去年待過的山村。
(2)準確判斷關系詞在定語從句中所作的成分(主語、賓語、表語、定語、狀語)，也能正確選擇出關系代詞或關系副詞。在從句中作主語、定語、賓語、表語、方式狀語時，應選用關系代詞(who，whom，that，which，whose，as)；在從句中作地點、時間、原因狀語時，應分別選用關系副詞(where，when，why)。
3．that和which引導的定語從句的區別
用that不用which的情況 先行詞是all，much，few，little，everything，anything，nothing，none，the one等不定代詞時
先行詞被all，few，little，much，every，some，no等詞修飾或被the only，the very，the same，the last等限定詞修飾時
先行詞是形容詞的最高級或序數詞，或先行詞被其修飾時
先行詞既指人又指物時
主句是who或which等引導的特殊疑問句時
用which不用that的情況 在非限制性定語從句中用which不用that
關系代詞前有介詞時用which不用that
We should do everything that is useful to the people．
我們應該做一切有益于人民的事。
This is the smallest computer that can be found in the world now．
這是目前發現的世界上最小的計算機。
I bought a great many books，on which I spent all my money that I saved．
我買了很多書，這些書花了我積攢的所有的錢。
[即時訓練1]　單句語法填空
①Happiness and success often come to those are good at recognizing their own strengths．
②Do you know the reason he was absent yesterday
③ is reported，that small river has been seriously polluted．
④We live in an age more information is available with greater ease than ever before．
⑤Do you know the things and persons they are talking about
⑥The weather turned out to be very good， was more than we had expected．
⑦Las Vegas has wonderful restaurants you can eat many different kinds of food．
⑧Are you willing to join the group goal is to protect the endangered animals
⑨The man I talked about at the meeting is from Beijing University．
二、“介詞＋關系代詞”的用法
1．“介詞＋關系代詞”結構中介詞的確定方法。
(1)根據從句中的謂語動詞確定介詞。
The poor man has no house in which he can live．
那個窮人沒房子住。
(2)根據定語從句修飾的先行詞確定介詞。
I don't know the reason for which he was late for school．
我不知道他為何上學遲到。
(3)根據句子所要表達的意思確定介詞。
This is the pilot by whom my son was saved．
這就是那位救了我兒子的飛行員。
2．“介詞＋關系代詞”結構中的關系代詞通常用which或whom，不用that。
I'll never forget the day on which I joined the army．
我永遠也忘不了我參軍的那一天。
Do you know the man with whom Mr Black talked just now
你認識剛才與布萊克先生談話的那個人嗎？
3．“介詞＋which”結構可以被關系副詞where，when，why替換。
This is the house in which I lived two years ago．
＝This is the house where I lived two years ago．
這就是兩年前我居住的那個房子。
4．“不定代詞或數詞＋介詞＋which/whom”引導的定語從句說明整體或整體中的部分。
Last week，only two people came to look at the house，neither of whom wanted to buy it．
上周只有兩個人來看房子，他們兩個人都不想買。
5．“the＋名詞＋of which”或“of which＋the＋名詞”可替換“whose＋名詞”，引導定語從句。
The house the windows of which/of which the windows/whose windows were damaged has now been repaired．
窗子遭破壞的那所房子現在已經修好了。
[即時訓練2]　用“介詞＋關系代詞”合并句子
①He wrote a letter．In the letter he explained what had happened in the accident．
→He wrote a letter he explained what had happened in the accident．
②Our company has 2，000 workers．Two thirds of them are women．
→Our company has 2，000 workers， are women．
③Winter is the time of year．During this time the days are short and the nights are long．
→Winter is the time of year， the days are short and the nights are long．
④I'm very thankful to Mr Wang．Without his encouragement I couldn't have been admitted to a key university．
→I'm very thankful to Mr Wang， I couldn't have been admitted to a key university．
三、限制性定語從句和非限制性定語從句
1．限制性定語從句和非限制性定語從句的區別
限制性定語從句 非限制性定語從句
和先行詞的關系密切(刪除后影響整個句子意思的表達) 和先行詞關系不密切(起補充說明的作用，刪除后不影響整個句子意思的表達)
不用逗號隔開 一般用逗號隔開
只可以修飾先行詞，不可以修飾主句或主句的一部分 既可以修飾先行詞，也可以修飾整個主句或主句的一部分
He has two sons who/that work in the same company．
他有兩個在同一家公司上班的兒子。(他不止兩個兒子)
He has two sons，who work in the same company．
他有兩個兒子，他們在同一家公司上班。(他只有兩個兒子)
2．as/which引導的非限制性定語從句的區別
as 引導非限制性定語從句時，修飾整句話或整件事 從句可置于主句前、主句中或主句后，一般譯為“正如，就像”
which 引導非限制性定語從句時，修飾整句話或整件事，也可修飾先行詞 從句常置于主句后，有時在主句中，一般譯為“結果”
As we all know，smoking is harmful to health．
我們都知道，吸煙有害健康。
He finished the task ahead of time，which/as is very important to us．
他提前完成了任務，這對我們很重要。
[即時訓練3]　單句語法填空
①He is the man came to see you yesterday．
②My aunt， you met in the supermarket，has gone to London on business．
③Finally he reached a lonely island was completely cut off from the outside world．
④The 12-year-old boy won the gold medal， came as a surprise to many people．
⑤ is reported in the newspaper，talks between the two countries are making progress．
短文語境填空
My sister is a college student 1． is studying in Beijing University．I will never forget the days 2． I visited this university last summer．
She showed me around to see the various facilities，including the library 3． attracts me very much．There are more than ten thousand college students，all of 4． are fighting for their promising future，5． I have never thought before．
She is a model from 6． I will learn．I am determined to study hard to be admitted into Beijing University 7． I will immerse myself in strong historical and cultural atmosphere．
第二篇課文(Developing ideas)
①sorrow n．令人悲傷的事，不幸
②object n．(極欲得到、研究、注意等的)對象
③publish various papers 發表各種論文
paper n．紙，紙張；報紙；文件，文獻；試卷；論文
④state v．陳述，說明
⑤be beneficial to 對……有好處，有益于……
⑥set up 創建，建立
set out on 開始進行(某項旅程、任務或計劃)
⑦take on 具有(特征、外觀等)，呈現
take action 開始行動
⑧frustration n．懊喪，懊惱，沮喪
⑨vary from...to...從……到……不同
⑩take off 起飛；脫下；開始成功
response n．回應
increasing demand for對……不斷增長的需求
competitive adj．有競爭力的
deliver v．傳遞，傳送
at the click of 一按……
designer clothes 名牌服裝
rock-bottom prices 最低價格
rent out 出租(房屋、房間、土地等)
a couple of days 幾天
cut down (on sth．) 減少，削減(某物)
existing regulations 現有法規
ongoing supervision 持續監管
take advantage of 利用
share n．股份，份額
expense n．費用，花費
at the expense of 以損害……為代價
be subject to 可能受……影響的
abuse n．濫用
property n．財產，財物
victim n．受害者
theft n．偷竊，偷盜
secure adj．安全的
security n． 保護措施；保安部門；擔保
potential risks 潛在的風險
potential customers/buyers/investors/clients潛在顧客/買家/投資者/客戶
with potential有潛力的
nonetheless adv．盡管如此
be relevant to 與……相關
,What's mine is yours．
We've been told since we were toddlers that “It's good to share”．Parents and teachers keep reminding us to share toys，snacks，books，happy memories，and sometimes even sorrows① with others．When we grow up，we share photos，life stories and opinions with people around us and with those we don't know via social media．[1]Taking it as an object② of study，psychologists have published various papers③ stating④ that the behaviour of sharing is beneficial to⑤ setting up⑥ positive emotional bonding．
[1] 本句為主從復合句。Taking it as an object of study為動詞-ing形式短語作狀語；that引導賓語從句。
Today，the action of sharing takes on⑦ extra meaning．It's not just about sharing sweets or frustration⑧； it has expanded to almost every aspect of our lives—the whole world seems to be into sharing．We are using technology to reduce the money that we spend on goods and services，or to make money out of those that we don't use ourselves all of the time．These vary from car shares to⑨ home shares，and even to pet shares．The sharing economy is taking off⑩ in all sorts of areas．It is creating new ways of thinking and is providing services to people when and where they want them．
This wealth of ways of sharing is a response to our increasing demand for quality goods and services at competitive prices，[2]all delivered at the click of a button．[3]Whether it's an online shop where we can hire designer clothes at rock-bottom prices ， or a platform from which we can rent out our flats for a couple of days ，it's out there．Whether we're a lender or a borrower，it's a win-win situation；everyone makes or saves money．We also make connections and sometimes even make new friends．What's more，sharing encourages us to reuse items，thereby cutting down on waste．And set-ups such as bike and car sharing do a further favour for the environment by reducing the number of polluting vehicles on the road．
[2]all delivered at the click of a button為獨立主格結構。
[3]句中Whether...or...引導讓步狀語從句；其中where引導定語從句，先行詞為shop；from which we can...a couple of days為“介詞＋關系代詞”引導的定語從句。
But the sharing economy is not without its problems．[4] As is often the case all over the world with new areas of economic activity，the sharing economy is developing faster than existing regulations or ongoing supervision ．Some companies are taking unfair advantage of this situation to expand their share of the market，often at the expense of more traditional and established companies．In addition，the sharing economy is subject to abuse of trust．Some people have experienced damage to their properties whilst renting out their homes，and others have found themselves victims of theft or attack while sharing rides．Finally，personal data，the heart of the sharing economy，is not yet secure ．Sharing platforms collect personal information about almost every part of our lives，including our names，locations，bank information，and individual preferences for goods and services．Yet，the technology to prevent such information from leaking or being stolen still needs improvement，and the awareness of potential risks is low among both service providers and users．
[4]句中As為關系代詞，引導非限制性定語從句，在句中作主語。
Nonetheless ， what is in no doubt is that the sharing economy is increasingly relevant to our daily lives as well as to the global economy．[5]It is expanding at such a rate that we can only imagine what it will comprise in the future． What will we be sharing next Who will be sharing and how And the most interesting question of all—what type of society will all this sharing take us to
[5]句中such...that引導結果狀語從句，從句中的what引導賓語從句。
我的就是你的。
我們還在蹣跚學步的時候就被教導“要懂得分享”。父母和老師不斷地提醒我們要與他人分享玩具、零食、書籍以及快樂的回憶，有些時候甚至要分享自己的傷心事。我們長大后，會與周圍的人或者是社交媒體上不認識的人分享照片、人生經歷和觀點。心理學家們將分享作為研究的對象，發表了各種各樣的論文來說明分享行為有助于建立積極的情感紐帶。
如今，分享行為又多了額外的含義。不僅僅是分享糖果或挫折，分享行為幾乎已經擴大到生活的方方面面——整個世界似乎都在分享。我們正在利用科技來減少在商品和服務上的花費，或者用我們一直閑置的物品賺錢，從汽車共享到住房共享，甚至是寵物共享。共享經濟正在各個領域紅火起來，它創造著新的思維方式，隨時隨地為有需求的人們提供服務。
我們需要價格有競爭力的優質產品和服務，大量的共享方式是對這種不斷增長的需求的回應，現在這些需求都可以通過一鍵單擊來實現。無論是以最低價格出租名牌服裝的網店，還是可以把自己的公寓短租幾天的平臺，都已出現。這對于出租者和租用者來說都是一個雙贏的局面；人人都能掙錢，或都能省錢。我們可以建立聯系，有時候甚至可以交到新朋友。不僅如此，共享方式鼓勵我們將物品再次利用，從而減少浪費。共享單車、共享汽車等計劃的實施會進一步保護環境，因為它們減少了行駛在路上的污染排放車輛的數量。
但共享經濟并非沒有問題。世界上新出現的經濟領域通常都是如此，共享經濟的發展速度過快，而現有法規和持續監管還未跟上。一些公司正在利用這種情況獲取不公平的優勢，來擴大市場份額，通常以犧牲已有的更為傳統的公司為代價。此外，共享經濟容易受到信任濫用的影響。有些人出租房屋時財物遭到破壞，還有人搭順風車時成為盜竊甚至襲擊的受害者。最后一點，個人數據，即共享經濟的核心，也并不安全。共享平臺收集的個人信息涵蓋我們生活的方方面面，包括姓名、位置、銀行信息、對商品和服務的個人偏好。然而，防止信息泄露或被盜的技術仍然有待改進，服務方和用戶對潛在風險的防范意識也較低。
盡管如此，共享經濟無疑正在與我們的日常生活以及全球經濟產生越來越密切的聯系。它飛速擴張，我們只能想象它將來會包含什么。我們下一個共享的對象是什么？將由誰來共享以及如何共享？最有趣的問題是——這些共享將會帶我們進入什么樣的社會？
Period 4
核心詞匯
1．①in　②superiority　③be superior to machines
2．①to　②on；in；to　③find it difficult to make ends meet
3．①in　②off　③put you in debt
單元語法
[即時訓練1]
①who　②why　③As　④when　⑤that　⑥which　⑦where　⑧whose　⑨who(m)
[即時訓練2]
①in which　②two thirds of whom/of whom two thirds　③during which　④without whose encouragement
[即時訓練3]
①who/that　②whom/who 　③which/that　④which　⑤As
鞏固落實
短文語境填空
1．who/that　2．when　3．which/that　4．whom　5．which/as
6．whom　7．where
1 / 12(共50張PPT)
Period 4　
Unit 4　Everyday economics
主題語境
人與社會——社會（熱點）問題
課時學案 單元語法講練(Using language)
(1)superior in　　　　　 在……方面優越
superior to 比……優越；比……好
(2)superiority n． 優越(性)，優勢；優越感
1．superior adj．質量上乘的，優質的
[名師點津]　superior表示“較好的，更好的”，因該詞本身已含有比較意味，其前不能用more；另外，在兩者做比較時，不能與than連用，要與介詞to連用。與其用法相似的詞還有prior，junior，senior，inferior等。
[即學即練]　單句語法填空/完成句子
①Your goods are superior __ quality compared with those of other manufacturers．
②Driving the car gave him a feeling of total control，effortless __________
(superior)．
③人類的大腦將永遠優越于機器，因為機器僅僅只是人腦的工具。
The human mind will always _____________________ because machines are only tools of human minds．
in
superiority
be superior to machines
(1)come to an end　　　 完結；結束
bring...to an end ＝ put/bring an end to
使……結束；終止
(2)at the end (of) 在(……的)盡頭
in the end 最后，終于
on end 不停地，連續地；豎著地
2．make ends meet 使收支僅能相抵
[即學即練]　單句語法填空/完成句子
①The meeting nearly came __ an end when I got to the meeting room．
②They argued for two days ___ end；___ the end，they decided to bring/put an end __ this endless argument．
③隨著生活花費的上升，他們發現很難做到收支相抵。
With the cost of living going up，they ____________________________．
to
on
in
to
find it difficult to make ends meet
be in debt　　　　　　 欠債
fall/get/run into debt 負債
be/get out of debt 擺脫/還清債務
pay off one's debts 償清某人的債務
put sb．in debt 使某人負債
3．go into debt陷入債務之中，負債
[即學即練]　單句語法填空/完成句子
①If a person is heavily __ debt，he is unable to earn his living，let alone gain independence．
②What made him happy was that after all these years he at last paid ___ all his debts．
③自己創業可能是實現經濟獨立的一種方法。但另一方面，它可能會讓你負債。
Starting your own business could be a way to achieve financial independence．On the other hand，it could __________________．
in
off
put you in debt
復習定語從句
一、引導定語從句的關系詞
1．定語從句關系詞的用法
關系詞 先行詞 充當的成分
關系代詞 who 人 主語、賓語、表語
whom 人 賓語
關系詞 先行詞 充當的成分
關系代詞 which 物/事 主語、賓語、表語
that 人/物 主語、賓語、表語、狀語
whose 人/物 定語
as 人/物/事 主語、賓語、表語
She is the girl who lives next door．
她就是住在隔壁的女孩。
She's the student whose handwriting is the best in my class．
她是我們班里書法最好的學生。
關系詞 先行詞 充當的成分
關系副詞 when 時間 時間狀語
where 地點 地點狀語
why 原因 原因狀語
As is known to us all，China is a developing country．
眾所周知，中國是一個發展中國家。
I still remember the days when we stayed in England．
我仍然記得我們在英國的那些日子。
2．關系代詞和關系副詞的選用
(1)用關系代詞還是關系副詞取決于從句中的謂語動詞。如果是及物動詞，就要用關系代詞；如果是不及物動詞，則要用關系副詞。
The letter that/which I received yesterday was from my father．
昨天我收到的那封信是我父親寄來的。
This is the mountain village where I stayed last year．
這是我去年待過的山村。
(2)準確判斷關系詞在定語從句中所作的成分(主語、賓語、表語、定語、狀語)，也能正確選擇出關系代詞或關系副詞。在從句中作主語、定語、賓語、表語、方式狀語時，應選用關系代詞(who，whom，that，which，whose，as)；在從句中作地點、時間、原因狀語時，應分別選用關系副詞(where，when，why)。
3．that和which引導的定語從句的區別
用that不用which的情況 先行詞是all，much，few，little，everything，anything，nothing，none，the one等不定代詞時
先行詞被all，few，little，much，every，some，no等詞修飾或被the only，the very，the same，the last等限定詞修飾時
用that不用which的情況 先行詞是形容詞的最高級或序數詞，或先行詞被其修飾時
先行詞既指人又指物時
主句是who或which等引導的特殊疑問句時
We should do everything that is useful to the people．
我們應該做一切有益于人民的事。
This is the smallest computer that can be found in the world now．
這是目前發現的世界上最小的計算機。
I bought a great many books，on which I spent all my money that I saved．
我買了很多書，這些書花了我積攢的所有的錢。
用which不用that的情況 在非限制性定語從句中用which不用that
關系代詞前有介詞時用which不用that
[即時訓練1]　單句語法填空
①Happiness and success often come to those ____ are good at recognizing their own strengths．
②Do you know the reason ____ he was absent yesterday
③___ is reported，that small river has been seriously polluted．
④We live in an age _____ more information is available with greater ease than ever before．
who
why
As
when
⑤Do you know the things and persons ____ they are talking about
⑥The weather turned out to be very good，_____ was more than we had expected．
⑦Las Vegas has wonderful restaurants _____ you can eat many different kinds of food．
⑧Are you willing to join the group ______ goal is to protect the endangered animals
⑨The man ________ I talked about at the meeting is from Beijing University．
that
which
where
whose
who(m)
二、“介詞＋關系代詞”的用法
1．“介詞＋關系代詞”結構中介詞的確定方法。
(1)根據從句中的謂語動詞確定介詞。
The poor man has no house in which he can live．
那個窮人沒房子住。
(2)根據定語從句修飾的先行詞確定介詞。
I don't know the reason for which he was late for school．
我不知道他為何上學遲到。
(3)根據句子所要表達的意思確定介詞。
This is the pilot by whom my son was saved．
這就是那位救了我兒子的飛行員。
2．“介詞＋關系代詞”結構中的關系代詞通常用which或whom，不用that。
I'll never forget the day on which I joined the army．
我永遠也忘不了我參軍的那一天。
Do you know the man with whom Mr Black talked just now
你認識剛才與布萊克先生談話的那個人嗎？
3．“介詞＋which”結構可以被關系副詞where，when，why替換。
This is the house in which I lived two years ago．
＝This is the house where I lived two years ago．
這就是兩年前我居住的那個房子。
4．“不定代詞或數詞＋介詞＋which/whom”引導的定語從句說明整體或整體中的部分。
Last week，only two people came to look at the house，neither of whom wanted to buy it．
上周只有兩個人來看房子，他們兩個人都不想買。
5．“the＋名詞＋of which”或“of which＋the＋名詞”可替換“whose＋名詞”，引導定語從句。
The house the windows of which/of which the windows/whose windows were damaged has now been repaired．
窗子遭破壞的那所房子現在已經修好了。
[即時訓練2]　用“介詞＋關系代詞”合并句子
①He wrote a letter．In the letter he explained what had happened in the accident．
→He wrote a letter _________ he explained what had happened in the accident．
②Our company has 2，000 workers．Two thirds of them are women．
→Our company has 2，000 workers，___________________________
_______ are women．
in which
two thirds of whom/of whom two
thirds
③Winter is the time of year．During this time the days are short and the nights are long．
→Winter is the time of year，_____________ the days are short and the nights are long．
④I'm very thankful to Mr Wang．Without his encouragement I couldn't have been admitted to a key university．
→I'm very thankful to Mr Wang，__________________________ I couldn't have been admitted to a key university．
during which
without whose encouragement
三、限制性定語從句和非限制性定語從句
1．限制性定語從句和非限制性定語從句的區別
限制性定語從句 非限制性定語從句
和先行詞的關系密切(刪除后影響整個句子意思的表達) 和先行詞關系不密切(起補充說明的作用，刪除后不影響整個句子意思的表達)
不用逗號隔開 一般用逗號隔開
只可以修飾先行詞，不可以修飾主句或主句的一部分 既可以修飾先行詞，也可以修飾整個主句或主句的一部分
He has two sons who/that work in the same company．
他有兩個在同一家公司上班的兒子。(他不止兩個兒子)
He has two sons，who work in the same company．
他有兩個兒子，他們在同一家公司上班。(他只有兩個兒子)
2．as/which引導的非限制性定語從句的區別
as 引導非限制性定語從句時，修飾整句話或整件事 從句可置于主句前、主句中或主句后，一般譯為“正如，就像”
As we all know，smoking is harmful to health．
我們都知道，吸煙有害健康。
He finished the task ahead of time，which/as is very important to us．
他提前完成了任務，這對我們很重要。
which 引導非限制性定語從句時，修飾整句話或整件事，也可修飾先行詞 從句常置于主句后，有時在主句中，一般譯為“結果”
[即時訓練3]　單句語法填空
①He is the man _________ came to see you yesterday．
②My aunt，___________you met in the supermarket，has gone to London on business．
③Finally he reached a lonely island ___________ was completely cut off from the outside world．
who/that
whom/who
which/that
④The 12-year-old boy won the gold medal，_____ came as a surprise to many people．
⑤___ is reported in the newspaper，talks between the two countries are making progress．
which
As
短文語境填空
My sister is a college student 1．_________ is studying in Beijing University．I will never forget the days 2．_____ I visited this university last summer．
She showed me around to see the various facilities，including the library 3．___________ attracts me very much．There are more than ten thousand college students，all of 4．______ are fighting for their promising future，5．_________ I have never thought before．
who/that
when
which/that
whom
which/as
She is a model from 6．_____ I will learn．I am determined to study hard to be admitted into Beijing University 7．_____ I will immerse myself in strong historical and cultural atmosphere．
whom
where
①sorrow n．令人悲傷的事，不幸
②object n．(極欲得到、研究、注意等的)對象
③publish various papers 發表各種論文
paper n．紙，紙張；報紙；文件，文獻；試卷；論文
④state v．陳述，說明
課下預習 第二篇課文(Developing ideas)
⑤be beneficial to 對……有好處，有益于……
⑥set up 創建，建立
set out on 開始進行(某項旅程、任務或計劃)
⑦take on 具有(特征、外觀等)，呈現
take action 開始行動
⑧frustration n．懊喪，懊惱，沮喪
⑨vary from...to...從……到……不同
⑩take off 起飛；脫下；開始成功
response n．回應
increasing demand for對……不斷增長的需求
competitive adj．有競爭力的
deliver v．傳遞，傳送
at the click of 一按……
designer clothes 名牌服裝
rock-bottom prices 最低價格
rent out 出租(房屋、房間、土地等)
a couple of days 幾天
cut down (on sth．) 減少，削減(某物)
existing regulations 現有法規
ongoing supervision 持續監管
take advantage of 利用
share n．股份，份額
expense n．費用，花費
at the expense of 以損害……為代價
be subject to 可能受……影響的
abuse n．濫用
property n．財產，財物
victim n．受害者
theft n．偷竊，偷盜
secure adj．安全的
security n． 保護措施；保安部門；擔保
potential risks 潛在的風險
potential customers/buyers/investors/clients潛在顧客/買家/投資者/客戶
with potential有潛力的
nonetheless adv．盡管如此
be relevant to 與……相關
What's mine is yours．
We've been told since we were toddlers that “It's good to share”．Parents and teachers keep reminding us to share toys，snacks，books，happy memories，and sometimes even sorrows① with others．When we grow up，we share photos，life stories and opinions with people around us and with those we don't know via social media．[1]Taking it as an object② of study，psychologists have published various papers③ stating④ that the behaviour of sharing is beneficial to⑤ setting up⑥ positive emotional bonding．
[1] 本句為主從復合句。Taking it as an object of study為動詞-ing形式短語作狀語；that引導賓語從句。
Today，the action of sharing takes on⑦ extra meaning．It's not just about sharing sweets or frustration⑧； it has expanded to almost every aspect of our lives—the whole world seems to be into sharing．We are using technology to reduce the money that we spend on goods and services，or to make money out of those that we don't use ourselves all of the time．These vary from car shares to⑨ home shares，and even to pet shares．The sharing economy is taking off⑩ in all sorts of areas．It is creating new ways of thinking and is providing services to people when and where they want them．
This wealth of ways of sharing is a response to our increasing demand for quality goods and services at competitive prices，[2]all delivered at the click of a button．[3]Whether it's an online shop where we can hire designer clothes at rock-bottom prices ， or a platform from which we can rent out our flats for a couple of days ，it's out there．Whether we're a lender or a borrower，it's a win-win situation；everyone makes or saves money．We also make connections and sometimes even make new friends．What's more，sharing encourages us to reuse items，thereby cutting down on waste．And set-ups such as bike and car sharing do a further favour for the environment by reducing the number of polluting vehicles on the road．
[2]all delivered at the click of a button為獨立主格結構。
[3]句中Whether...or...引導讓步狀語從句；其中where引導定語從句，先行詞為shop；from which we can...a couple of days為“介詞＋關系代詞”引導的定語從句。
But the sharing economy is not without its problems．[4] As is often the case all over the world with new areas of economic activity，the sharing economy is developing faster than existing regulations or ongoing supervision ．Some companies are taking unfair advantage of this situation to expand their share of the market，often at the expense of more traditional and established companies．In addition，the sharing economy is subject to abuse of trust．Some people have experienced damage to their properties whilst renting out their homes，and others have found themselves victims of theft or attack while
sharing rides．Finally，personal data，the heart of the sharing economy，is not yet secure ．Sharing platforms collect personal information about almost every part of our lives，including our names，locations，bank information，and individual preferences for goods and services．Yet，the technology to prevent such information from leaking or being stolen still needs improvement，and the awareness of potential risks is low among both service providers and users．
[4]句中As為關系代詞，引導非限制性定語從句，在句中作主語。
Nonetheless ， what is in no doubt is that the sharing economy is increasingly relevant to our daily lives as well as to the global economy．[5]It is expanding at such a rate that we can only imagine what it will comprise in the future． What will we be sharing next Who will be sharing and how And the most interesting question of all—what type of society will all this sharing take us to
[5]句中such...that引導結果狀語從句，從句中的what引導賓語從句。
我的就是你的。
我們還在蹣跚學步的時候就被教導“要懂得分享”。父母和老師不斷地提醒我們要與他人分享玩具、零食、書籍以及快樂的回憶，有些時候甚至要分享自己的傷心事。我們長大后，會與周圍的人或者是社交媒體上不認識的人分享照片、人生經歷和觀點。心理學家們將分享作為研究的對象，發表了各種各樣的論文來說明分享行為有助于建立積極的情感紐帶。
如今，分享行為又多了額外的含義。不僅僅是分享糖果或挫折，分享行為幾乎已經擴大到生活的方方面面——整個世界似乎都在分享。我們正在利用科技來減少在商品和服務上的花費，或者用我們一直閑置的物品賺錢，從汽車共享到住房共享，甚至是寵物共享。共享經濟正在各個領域紅火起來，它創造著新的思維方式，隨時隨地為有需求的人們提供服務。
我們需要價格有競爭力的優質產品和服務，大量的共享方式是對這種不斷增長的需求的回應，現在這些需求都可以通過一鍵單擊來實現。無論是以最低價格出租名牌服裝的網店，還是可以把自己的公寓短租幾天的平臺，都已出現。這對于出租者和租用者來說都是一個雙贏的局面；人人都能掙錢，或都能省錢。我們可以建立聯系，有時候甚至可以交到新朋友。不僅如此，共享方式鼓勵我們將物品再次利用，從而減少浪費。共享單車、共享汽車等計劃的實施會進一步保護環境，因為它們減少了行駛在路上的污染排放車輛的數量。
但共享經濟并非沒有問題。世界上新出現的經濟領域通常都是如此，共享經濟的發展速度過快，而現有法規和持續監管還未跟上。一些公司正在利用這種情況獲取不公平的優勢，來擴大市場份額，通常以犧牲已有的更為傳統的公司為代價。此外，共享經濟容易受到信任濫用的影響。有些人出租房屋時財物遭到破壞，還有人搭順風車時成為盜竊甚至襲擊的受害者。最后一點，個人數據，即共享經濟的核心，也并不安全。共享平臺收集的個人信息涵蓋我們生活的方方面面，包括姓名、位置、銀行信息、對商品和服務的個人偏好。然而，防止信息泄露或被盜的技術仍然有待改進，服務方和用戶對潛在風險的防范意識也較低。
盡管如此，共享經濟無疑正在與我們的日常生活以及全球經濟產生越來越密切的聯系。它飛速擴張，我們只能想象它將來會包含什么。我們下一個共享的對象是什么？將由誰來共享以及如何共享？最有趣的問題是——這些共享將會帶我們進入什么樣的社會？
THANKS

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