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Period 4　 單元語法講練(Using language)
表語從句
一、定義
在復(fù)合句中作表語的從句叫表語從句。表語從句說明主語是什么或者怎么樣。含表語從句的復(fù)合句的一般結(jié)構(gòu)是“主語＋系動詞＋引導(dǎo)詞＋表語從句”。可接表語從句的系動詞有be，look，seem，sound，appear等。
It seems as if it were spring already．
春天似乎已經(jīng)來了。
The fact is that we have no idea to solve this problem．
事實(shí)是我們不知道怎么解決這個(gè)問題。
二、引導(dǎo)表語從句的引導(dǎo)詞
引導(dǎo)表語從句的有that，whether，as if，as though，because等從屬連詞； who，which，what，whatever等連接代詞；how，why，when等連接副詞。
The trouble is that we are short of money．
問題是我們資金短缺。
That is why stone walls are used instead of fences around New England fields．
那就是為什么在新英格蘭的田地周圍用石頭墻而不用柵欄。
(一)由that引導(dǎo)的表語從句
that無詞義，也不充當(dāng)句子成分。
1．主語是事實(shí)陳述性名詞時(shí)，表語從句常用that引導(dǎo)。常見結(jié)構(gòu)為：The fact/news/idea/reason/problem/difference/advantage/possibility等＋be＋ that...
The reason why he is so upset is that his father is coming to school for the teacher-parent meeting today．
他很煩惱的原因是他的父親今天要來學(xué)校參加家長會。
The idea that our class came up with was that we would make better use of used materials．
我們班想出的主意是我們可以更好地利用用過的材料。
[名師點(diǎn)津]　表示某人的意見、信念、猜想等事實(shí)陳述性名詞前常用形容詞性物主代詞或名詞所有格。
Our belief is that things will get better．
我們認(rèn)為形勢會好轉(zhuǎn)。
Tom's guess is that it will rain soon．
湯姆猜測天很快要下雨。
2．主語是what引導(dǎo)的主語從句時(shí)，表語從句如果陳述事實(shí)也常用that引導(dǎo)。
What matters to him is that he has inner beauty．
對他來說重要的是他有內(nèi)在美。
What impressed us most was that you showed outstanding talent for art．
給我們印象最深的是你在藝術(shù)方面表現(xiàn)出的杰出的才能。
[名師點(diǎn)津]　that引導(dǎo)表語從句的特殊用法
(1)當(dāng)主語是表示建議、要求、命令、請求的名詞時(shí)，表語從句常由that引導(dǎo)，并且從句中謂語要用(should ＋)動詞原形。
My suggestion is that we (should) set off early tomorrow．
我的建議是我們明天應(yīng)該早點(diǎn)出發(fā)。
(2)reason作主語時(shí)，表語從句的引導(dǎo)詞用that，不用because。
The reason why he was late was that he missed the first train this morning．
他遲到的原因是他錯過了今早的第一趟火車。
(3) that的省略。
引導(dǎo)表語從句的that通常不省略，但在口語或非正式文體中有時(shí)也可省略。
My idea is (that) we should do it right away．
我的意見是我們應(yīng)該馬上做這件事。
(二)由whether引導(dǎo)的表語從句
whether意為“是否”，在從句中不作任何成分。
His question is whether the experiment is worth doing．
他的問題是這個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)是否值得做。
[即時(shí)訓(xùn)練1]　完成句子
①知識應(yīng)該是讓每個(gè)人強(qiáng)大的東西。
Knowledge should be ____________________________．
②喬治面對的是他沒有錢讓生病的母親得到治療。
What George was faced with was ___________________________________．
③我的要求是應(yīng)該給我一個(gè)上臺表演的機(jī)會。
My request is ________________________________ to perform on stage．
④爭論的內(nèi)容是高三的學(xué)生是否應(yīng)該上體育課。
The argument is ________________________________________________．
(三)由because引導(dǎo)的表語從句
because引導(dǎo)的表語從句通常只用于“This/That/It is because...”結(jié)構(gòu)中，意為“這/那是因?yàn)椤薄?br/>That's because you can't appreciate music．
那是因?yàn)槟悴荒苄蕾p音樂。
I'm a bit sleepy．It's because I was up all night．
我有點(diǎn)困。那是因?yàn)槲乙灰箾]睡。
[名師點(diǎn)津]　(1)because 可引導(dǎo)表語從句，但與之同義的since，for等不能引導(dǎo)表語從句。
(2)because 引導(dǎo)的表語從句說明的是原因，why引導(dǎo)的表語從句說明的是結(jié)果。
I was late for school this morning．That's because I stayed up too late last night．
今天早上我上學(xué)遲到了，那是因?yàn)樽蛲砦野疽沟教怼?br/>I stayed up too late last night．That's why I was late for school this morning．
我昨晚熬夜到太晚了，那就是我今天早上上學(xué)遲到的原因。
[即時(shí)訓(xùn)練2]　語法填空
①All the students in my class were late．That was _______ the school bus was held up by a thick fog．
②She was addicted to playing computer games．That was ___ she failed to pass the exam．
(四)由as if，as though引導(dǎo)的表語從句
as if/as though引導(dǎo)的表語從句常置于系動詞look，seem，sound，appear等后面。
Indoor plants might look as if they just sit around not doing much，but in many ways they are the unsung heroes of the home．
室內(nèi)植物可能看起來好像它們只是坐在周圍無所事事，但在許多方面，它們是家里的無名英雄。
At that time，it seemed as if I couldn't think of the right word．
當(dāng)時(shí)，我似乎怎么也想不出一個(gè)恰當(dāng)?shù)淖盅邸?br/>[名師點(diǎn)津]　as if/as though引導(dǎo)表語從句，表示情況發(fā)生的可能性較小時(shí)，常用虛擬語氣。若表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反，謂語動詞用一般過去時(shí)；若表示與過去事實(shí)相反，謂語動詞用過去完成時(shí)；表示將來的可能性不大，謂語動詞用would (might，could)＋動詞原形。從句所表示的內(nèi)容若為事實(shí)或可能為事實(shí)，就用陳述語氣。
It seems as if she had been to the moon many times．
就好像她去過月球很多次。
It smells as if someone has been smoking in the room so you'd better open the window to air it．
聞起來好像有人一直在這個(gè)房間吸煙，因此你最好打開窗戶透透氣。
[即時(shí)訓(xùn)練3]　完成句子
①看起來要下雨了。
It looks ___________________________________．
②我感覺我好像漂浮在水中。
I feel ____________________________________________．
③肉嘗起來好像已經(jīng)變質(zhì)了。
The meat tastes _______________________________．
(五)由連接代詞引導(dǎo)的表語從句
引導(dǎo)表語從句的連接代詞有who，what，which，whom，whose，whatever，whoever，whichever等，它們有詞義，在從句中作主語、賓語、表語等。連接代詞不能省略。
The problem is who we can get to replace her．
問題是我們能找誰去代替她。
And that's what mattered—landing tricks，being a good skater．
成為一名好的滑板者，落地技巧才是重要的。
You can be whoever you want to be．
你可以成為任何你想成為的人。
[即時(shí)訓(xùn)練4]　單句語法填空
①Perseverance is a kind of quality and that's ____ it takes to do anything successfully．
②I found all singers performed well，so the problem was ________ I would vote for．
③My question is _____ house this is．
④What the sales girl wants to know is _____ toy a baby will choose on the shelf．
(六)由連接副詞引導(dǎo)的表語從句
連接副詞 when，where，how，why 有詞義，在從句中充當(dāng)時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、方式或原因狀語。
By boat is the only way to get here，which is how we arrived．
乘船是到達(dá)這里的唯一途徑，這也是我們到達(dá)的方式。
In fact，that's why I am here．
事實(shí)上，那是我來這里的原因。
[即時(shí)訓(xùn)練5]　單句語法填空
①Life is ten percent what happens to you and ninety percent ___ you respond to it．
②I like drawing；this is ___ I chose to learn art．
③The question is ____ he can arrive at the hotel．
④What we should arrange in advance is _____ we should stay at night while travelling．
短文語境填空
At the age of 20，Sima Qian began travelling extensively across the country．He interviewed the local people to get a wide range of information．Learning and travelling were exactly 1．____ helped him in his later career as a historian．
His father's dream was 2．_____ one day he could write a great masterpiece recording what had happened in history．After his father died，Sima Qian succeeded his father as Grand Historian，which facilitated his access to official books and files．However，his work proved difficult．That was 3．_______ sorting out all the available resources and checking facts of historical materials required painstaking efforts．His chief concern was 4．________ he could do his job more efficiently．
第二篇課文(Developing ideas)
①courtyard n．庭院，院子
②a three-episode documentary一部三集紀(jì)錄片
episode n．(電視連續(xù)劇或廣播劇的)一集
③plainly-dressed衣著樸素的
④precious adj．珍稀的；貴重的
⑤antique n．古董，古玩，古物
⑥r(nóng)estoration n．(舊建筑或舊家具等的)修復(fù)，整修
restore v．修復(fù)，整修
⑦crimson adj．深紅色的
⑧workplace n．工作場所
⑨day in，day out日復(fù)一日(指不間斷)＝day in and day out/day after day
⑩timepiece n．計(jì)時(shí)器；鐘；表
be fond of...喜愛……
envoy n．使者，使節(jié)
present sb．with sth．把某物贈送/呈遞/頒發(fā)給某人
intricate adj．錯綜復(fù)雜的
intricately adv．復(fù)雜地
originate v．起源，發(fā)源
originate from發(fā)源于
given prep．鑒于，考慮到
complexity n．復(fù)雜性；難懂
complex adj．復(fù)雜的；難懂的
maximum n．最大量，最大值adj．最高的；最多的(縮寫為max．)
to the maximum最大限度地
minimum n．最小值；最少量；最低限度adj．最低的；最小的(縮寫為min．)
painstaking adj．小心的；費(fèi)盡心思的；精心的
painstaking efforts艱苦努力
bring...back to life讓……獲得重生
workshop n．車間，工場
melody n．歌曲；曲調(diào)
polish v．擦亮，擦光
polish sth．(up)with sth．用某物把某物擦亮
wind up (給鐘表)上發(fā)條
wind v．給(鐘表等)上發(fā)條
gigantic adj．巨大的，龐大的
fashion v．制作，塑造
bark v．(狗)吠叫
flap v．振(翼)，撲動(翅膀)
spin v．將(棉花、羊毛等)紡成(線)，紡(線)
awe-inspiring adj．令人驚嘆的
exaggeration n．夸大，夸張
exaggerate v．夸張；夸大；言過其實(shí)
metaphor n．隱喻，暗喻
nonetheless adv．然而，但是；盡管如此，雖然如此
nevertheless adv．盡管如此；不過；然而
follow in the footsteps of sb．/follow in sb．'s footsteps
仿效某人
take on承擔(dān)(責(zé)任)；決定做；呈現(xiàn)
take up開始從事；繼續(xù)
artisan n．工匠，手藝人
stand the test of time 經(jīng)得起時(shí)間的考驗(yàn)
stand v．經(jīng)受，承受，經(jīng)得起
fast-paced adj．快節(jié)奏的
apt adj．適當(dāng)?shù)?，恰?dāng)?shù)?br/> timeless adj．永恒的，恒久的；永不過時(shí)的
sedately adv．安靜地；慢悠悠地
piece together組合資料(以便了解情況)；拼湊，拼合
modest adj．謙虛的，謙遜的
modesty n．謙虛，謙遜
MASTERS OF TIME
In the quiet courtyards①of Xi San Suo，behind the high walls of the Forbidden City，time ticks at its own pace．If it hadn't been for a three-episode documentary②，outsiders would never have known that the plainly-dressed③people working here are masters of their craft，who have spent their lives restoring precious④antiques⑤．[1]Among these is the clock restoration⑥master，Wang Jin．[2]
[1]本句是主從復(fù)合句?！癐f it...documentary”為if引導(dǎo)的與過去事實(shí)相反的虛擬條件句，主句中that引導(dǎo)賓語從句；who引導(dǎo)定語從句，修飾先行詞masters。
[2]本句中among these 位于句首，句子的主語與謂語倒裝。
Walking through the seven crimson⑦gates towards his workplace⑧，Wang Jin still regards himself as an ordinary worker in the Palace Museum，although now he is often stopped by admirers wanting their photo taken with him．[3]Day in，day out⑨，Mr Wang and his students spend their time restoring clocks dating back hundreds of years．But for quite some time，he and his student Qi Haonan used to be the only two people repairing timepieces⑩in the Palace Museum．
[3]本句是主從復(fù)合句。“Walking through...his workplace”是動詞-ing形式短語作時(shí)間狀語；“although now...with him”是although引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句，其中“wanting their photo taken with him”是動詞-ing形式短語作定語，修飾admirers。
Qing emperors were very fond of clocks．Therefore，in order to please them，foreign envoys presented these emperors with the most intricate and splendid timepieces．Today，the Palace Museum has one of the most significant collections of timepieces in the world，mainly originating from Europe and China．With objects ranging from small pocket watches to clocks over one metre in height，each of these requires its own unique method of restoration．Given the complexity of the work and the lack of necessary materials，this means that each expert can work on a maximum of two large pieces a year．But，through their painstaking efforts，Mr Wang and his students do more than repair the clocks—they bring them back to life ．
The only sound to break the silence in Wang Jin's workshop [4]is the chiming melody of the repaired and polished clocks．To Wang Jin it is the most beautiful music in the world．Now，after eight months of endless adjustments，the time has finally come for Mr Wang to wind up the gigantic clocks that date back to the time of Emperor Qianlong．The intricately fashioned objects that have stood still for centuries instantly come back to life：water flows，boats sail，dogs bark ，chickens flap their wings and a woman starts to spin ．It is a truly awe-inspiring moment．It is suddenly clear that when the clock masters say that“these antiques have lives”，it is neither an exaggeration nor a metaphor ．
[4]不定式短語作后置定語，修飾the only sound?！皌he only＋名詞”后常跟不定式作定語。
But，despite the combined work of several generations of masters，it seems unlikely that the restoration of the clocks will ever be complete．Even if every clock in the Palace Museum were restored，there would still be work to do，because restoration would probably need to begin again on the clocks that were repaired long ago．[5] This is a race against time that can never be won！Nonetheless ，Mr Wang remains optimistic about the future of these timepieces．Following in the footsteps of his own teacher all those years ago，Mr Wang has now passed on his skills to the new members，who will take on many of the future repairs．What's more，inspired to follow in his father's footsteps，Mr Wang's son now has also taken up repairing antique clocks．This new generation of artisans will not only help preserve traditional skills；the innovation they bring to the craft will also ensure that the art of clock repairing stands the test of time ．
[5]本句是使用了虛擬語氣的主從復(fù)合句。其中even if引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句；主句中because引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句，該原因狀語從句中又包含一個(gè)that引導(dǎo)的定語從句，修飾clocks。
In today's fast-paced world，the saying that “time waits for no man” has never seemed more apt [6]．Yet inside the hidden courtyards of Xi San Suo，there is something timeless about the way Mr Wang and his colleagues sedately piece together the past with skilful hands and modest hearts．It is as if they have become one with their craft and with the history of the country[7]．
[6]此處為“否定副詞never/not＋形容詞的比較級”結(jié)構(gòu)表示最高級含義的用法。
[7]as if引導(dǎo)的表語從句。
時(shí)間大師
在紫禁城高墻內(nèi)西三所安靜的庭院里，時(shí)間按著自己的節(jié)奏流逝著。要不是那三集紀(jì)錄片，外面的人永遠(yuǎn)也不會知道，在這里工作的那些衣著樸素的人竟然都是精于各門技藝的大師，他們畢生都在修復(fù)珍貴的古董。這其中便包括鐘表修復(fù)大師王津。
王津穿過七重深紅色的大門，走向自己的工作地點(diǎn)。盡管現(xiàn)在他經(jīng)常被想和他合影的粉絲攔住，他仍然認(rèn)為自己是故宮博物院的一名普通工人。王先生和他的學(xué)生們?nèi)諒?fù)一日地修復(fù)著數(shù)百年前的鐘表，但在過去相當(dāng)長的一段時(shí)間里，故宮博物院修理鐘表的工匠只有他和他的學(xué)生亓昊楠。
清朝的皇帝們十分喜歡鐘表。因此，外國使節(jié)們把最精致、最華麗的鐘表送給這些皇帝來取悅他們。如今，故宮博物院擁有一部分世界上最重要的鐘表藏品，這些鐘表主要來自歐洲和中國。小到懷表，大到超過一米高的鐘表，每一件都有其獨(dú)特的修復(fù)方法。工作的復(fù)雜性和必要材料的缺乏意味著每位專家每年最多只能修復(fù)兩件大型鐘表。但是，王先生和他的學(xué)生們通過艱苦的努力不只是修復(fù)了鐘表——他們還讓鐘表恢復(fù)了生命。
在王津的工作坊里，唯一能打破寂靜的聲音是被修理和拋光的鐘表所發(fā)出的報(bào)時(shí)的旋律。對王津來說，這是世界上最美的音樂。經(jīng)過八個(gè)月無休止的調(diào)整，王先生現(xiàn)在終于進(jìn)行到了為乾隆皇帝時(shí)代的巨型鐘表上弦的時(shí)候。那些已經(jīng)靜止了幾個(gè)世紀(jì)的造型復(fù)雜的擺件瞬間復(fù)活了：水流動著，船航行著，狗吠叫著，雞拍動著翅膀，一個(gè)女人紡著線。這真是一個(gè)令人驚嘆的時(shí)刻。人們突然明白，當(dāng)鐘表大師們說“這些古董有生命”時(shí)，這既不是夸張，也不是比喻。
但是，盡管經(jīng)過了幾代大師的共同努力，鐘表的修復(fù)似乎永遠(yuǎn)不可能完成。即使故宮博物院的每一件鐘表都被修復(fù)了，仍然有工作要做，因?yàn)榭赡苄枰匦麻_始對很久以前修復(fù)過的鐘表進(jìn)行修復(fù)。這是一場與時(shí)間的賽跑，卻永遠(yuǎn)不可能贏！盡管如此，王先生對這些鐘表的未來仍持樂觀態(tài)度。多年前，王先生繼承了師父的事業(yè)，而現(xiàn)在他已將自己的技藝傳授給了將承擔(dān)未來許多修復(fù)工作的新成員。更重要的是，在繼承父業(yè)這一壯志的激勵下，王先生的兒子現(xiàn)在也開始修復(fù)古董鐘表。新一代的工匠不僅能夠協(xié)助保留傳統(tǒng)技藝，他們給技藝帶來的創(chuàng)新也將確保鐘表修復(fù)藝術(shù)能夠經(jīng)得起時(shí)間的考驗(yàn)。
在當(dāng)今快節(jié)奏的世界里，“時(shí)間不等人”的說法似乎再貼切不過了。然而，在西三所的隱秘庭院里，王先生和他的同事們用靈巧的雙手和謙遜的心沉著地拼湊著過去，帶來了永恒，好像他們已經(jīng)與自己的技藝和這個(gè)國家的歷史融為了一體。
Period 4
單元語法
[即時(shí)訓(xùn)練1]
①what makes everyone powerful?、趖hat he had no money to have his sick mother treated?、踭hat I (should) be given a chance?、躻hether the Senior 3 students should have their PE class (or not)
[即時(shí)訓(xùn)練2]
①because?、趙hy
[即時(shí)訓(xùn)練3]
①as if/as though it is going to rain?、赼s if/as though I were floating in the water?、踑s if/as though it has gone bad
[即時(shí)訓(xùn)練4]
①what?、趙ho/whom?、踳hose?、躻hich
[即時(shí)訓(xùn)練5]
①how?、趙hy　③when?、躻here
鞏固落實(shí)
1．what　2．that　3．because　4．whether
7 / 11(共50張PPT)
Period 4　
Unit 2　A life's work
主題語境
人與自我——優(yōu)秀品行
課時(shí)學(xué)案　單元語法講練(Using language)
表語從句
一、定義
在復(fù)合句中作表語的從句叫表語從句。表語從句說明主語是什么或者怎么樣。含表語從句的復(fù)合句的一般結(jié)構(gòu)是“主語＋系動詞＋引導(dǎo)詞＋表語從句”?？山颖碚Z從句的系動詞有be，look，seem，sound，appear等。
It seems as if it were spring already．
春天似乎已經(jīng)來了。
The fact is that we have no idea to solve this problem．
事實(shí)是我們不知道怎么解決這個(gè)問題。
二、引導(dǎo)表語從句的引導(dǎo)詞
引導(dǎo)表語從句的有that，whether，as if，as though，because等從屬連詞； who，which，what，whatever等連接代詞；how，why，when等連接副詞。
The trouble is that we are short of money．
問題是我們資金短缺。
That is why stone walls are used instead of fences around New England fields．
那就是為什么在新英格蘭的田地周圍用石頭墻而不用柵欄。
(一)由that引導(dǎo)的表語從句
that無詞義，也不充當(dāng)句子成分。
1．主語是事實(shí)陳述性名詞時(shí)，表語從句常用that引導(dǎo)。常見結(jié)構(gòu)為：The fact/news/idea/reason/problem/difference/advantage/possibility等＋be＋ that...
The reason why he is so upset is that his father is coming to school for the teacher-parent meeting today．
他很煩惱的原因是他的父親今天要來學(xué)校參加家長會。
The idea that our class came up with was that we would make better use of used materials．
我們班想出的主意是我們可以更好地利用用過的材料。
[名師點(diǎn)津]　表示某人的意見、信念、猜想等事實(shí)陳述性名詞前常用形容詞性物主代詞或名詞所有格。
Our belief is that things will get better．
我們認(rèn)為形勢會好轉(zhuǎn)。
Tom's guess is that it will rain soon．
湯姆猜測天很快要下雨。
2．主語是what引導(dǎo)的主語從句時(shí)，表語從句如果陳述事實(shí)也常用that引導(dǎo)。
What matters to him is that he has inner beauty．
對他來說重要的是他有內(nèi)在美。
What impressed us most was that you showed outstanding talent for art．
給我們印象最深的是你在藝術(shù)方面表現(xiàn)出的杰出的才能。
[名師點(diǎn)津]　that引導(dǎo)表語從句的特殊用法
(1)當(dāng)主語是表示建議、要求、命令、請求的名詞時(shí)，表語從句常由that引導(dǎo)，并且從句中謂語要用(should ＋)動詞原形。
My suggestion is that we (should) set off early tomorrow．
我的建議是我們明天應(yīng)該早點(diǎn)出發(fā)。
(2)reason作主語時(shí)，表語從句的引導(dǎo)詞用that，不用because。
The reason why he was late was that he missed the first train this morning．
他遲到的原因是他錯過了今早的第一趟火車。
(3) that的省略。
引導(dǎo)表語從句的that通常不省略，但在口語或非正式文體中有時(shí)也可省略。
My idea is (that) we should do it right away．
我的意見是我們應(yīng)該馬上做這件事。
(二)由whether引導(dǎo)的表語從句
whether意為“是否”，在從句中不作任何成分。
His question is whether the experiment is worth doing．
他的問題是這個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)是否值得做。
[即時(shí)訓(xùn)練1]　完成句子
①知識應(yīng)該是讓每個(gè)人強(qiáng)大的東西。
Knowledge should be ____________________________．
②喬治面對的是他沒有錢讓生病的母親得到治療。
What George was faced with was ___________________________________________．
③我的要求是應(yīng)該給我一個(gè)上臺表演的機(jī)會。
My request is ____________________________ to perform on stage．
what makes everyone powerful
that he had no money to have his sick
mother treated
that I (should) be given a chance
④爭論的內(nèi)容是高三的學(xué)生是否應(yīng)該上體育課。
The argument is ______________________________________________________．
whether the Senior 3 students should have their PE class
(or not)
(三)由because引導(dǎo)的表語從句
because引導(dǎo)的表語從句通常只用于“This/That/It is because...”結(jié)構(gòu)中，意為“這/那是因?yàn)椤薄?br/>That's because you can't appreciate music．
那是因?yàn)槟悴荒苄蕾p音樂。
I'm a bit sleepy．It's because I was up all night．
我有點(diǎn)困。那是因?yàn)槲乙灰箾]睡。
[名師點(diǎn)津]　(1)because 可引導(dǎo)表語從句，但與之同義的since，for等不能引導(dǎo)表語從句。
(2)because 引導(dǎo)的表語從句說明的是原因，why引導(dǎo)的表語從句說明的是結(jié)果。
I was late for school this morning．That's because I stayed up too late last night．
今天早上我上學(xué)遲到了，那是因?yàn)樽蛲砦野疽沟教怼?br/>I stayed up too late last night．That's why I was late for school this morning．
我昨晚熬夜到太晚了，那就是我今天早上上學(xué)遲到的原因。
[即時(shí)訓(xùn)練2]　語法填空
①All the students in my class were late．That was _______ the school bus was held up by a thick fog．
②She was addicted to playing computer games．That was ___ she failed to pass the exam．
because
why
(四)由as if，as though引導(dǎo)的表語從句
as if/as though引導(dǎo)的表語從句常置于系動詞look，seem，sound，appear等后面。
Indoor plants might look as if they just sit around not doing much，but in many ways they are the unsung heroes of the home．
室內(nèi)植物可能看起來好像它們只是坐在周圍無所事事，但在許多方面，它們是家里的無名英雄。
At that time，it seemed as if I couldn't think of the right word．
當(dāng)時(shí)，我似乎怎么也想不出一個(gè)恰當(dāng)?shù)淖盅邸?br/>[名師點(diǎn)津]　as if/as though引導(dǎo)表語從句，表示情況發(fā)生的可能性較小時(shí)，常用虛擬語氣。若表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反，謂語動詞用一般過去時(shí)；若表示與過去事實(shí)相反，謂語動詞用過去完成時(shí)；表示將來的可能性不大，謂語動詞用would (might，could)＋動詞原形。從句所表示的內(nèi)容若為事實(shí)或可能為事實(shí)，就用陳述語氣。
It seems as if she had been to the moon many times．
就好像她去過月球很多次。
It smells as if someone has been smoking in the room so you'd better open the window to air it．
聞起來好像有人一直在這個(gè)房間吸煙，因此你最好打開窗戶透透氣。
[即時(shí)訓(xùn)練3]　完成句子
①看起來要下雨了。
It looks ____________________________．
②我感覺我好像漂浮在水中。
I feel ___________________________________．
③肉嘗起來好像已經(jīng)變質(zhì)了。
The meat tastes __________________________．
as if/as though it is going to rain
as if/as though I were floating in the water
as if/as though it has gone bad
(五)由連接代詞引導(dǎo)的表語從句
引導(dǎo)表語從句的連接代詞有who，what，which，whom，whose，whatever，whoever，whichever等，它們有詞義，在從句中作主語、賓語、表語等。連接代詞不能省略。
The problem is who we can get to replace her．
問題是我們能找誰去代替她。
And that's what mattered—landing tricks，being a good skater．
成為一名好的滑板者，落地技巧才是重要的。
You can be whoever you want to be．
你可以成為任何你想成為的人。
[即時(shí)訓(xùn)練4]　單句語法填空
①Perseverance is a kind of quality and that's ______ it takes to do anything successfully．
②I found all singers performed well，so the problem was __________ I would vote for．
③My question is _______ house this is．
④What the sales girl wants to know is _____ toy a baby will choose on the shelf．
what
who/whom
whose
which
(六)由連接副詞引導(dǎo)的表語從句
連接副詞 when，where，how，why 有詞義，在從句中充當(dāng)時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、方式或原因狀語。
By boat is the only way to get here，which is how we arrived．
乘船是到達(dá)這里的唯一途徑，這也是我們到達(dá)的方式。
In fact，that's why I am here．
事實(shí)上，那是我來這里的原因。
[即時(shí)訓(xùn)練5]　單句語法填空
①Life is ten percent what happens to you and ninety percent _____ you respond to it．
②I like drawing；this is _____ I chose to learn art．
③The question is ______ he can arrive at the hotel．
④What we should arrange in advance is _____ we should stay at night while travelling．
how
why
when
where
短文語境填空
At the age of 20，Sima Qian began travelling extensively across the country．He interviewed the local people to get a wide range of information．Learning and travelling were exactly 1．____ helped him in his later career as a historian．
what
His father's dream was 2．_____ one day he could write a great masterpiece recording what had happened in history．After his father died，Sima Qian succeeded his father as Grand Historian，which facilitated his access to official books and files．However，his work proved difficult．That was 3．_______ sorting out all the available resources and checking facts of historical materials required painstaking efforts．His chief concern was 4．________ he could do his job more efficiently．
that
because
whether
①courtyard n．庭院，院子
②a three-episode documentary一部三集紀(jì)錄片
episode n．(電視連續(xù)劇或廣播劇的)一集
③plainly-dressed衣著樸素的
④precious adj．珍稀的；貴重的
⑤antique n．古董，古玩，古物
課下預(yù)習(xí)　第二篇課文(Developing ideas)
⑥r(nóng)estoration n．(舊建筑或舊家具等的)修復(fù)，整修
restore v．修復(fù)，整修
⑦crimson adj．深紅色的
⑧workplace n．工作場所
⑨day in，day out日復(fù)一日(指不間斷)＝day in and day out/day after day
⑩timepiece n．計(jì)時(shí)器；鐘；表
be fond of...喜愛……
envoy n．使者，使節(jié)
present sb．with sth．把某物贈送/呈遞/頒發(fā)給某人
intricate adj．錯綜復(fù)雜的
intricately adv．復(fù)雜地
originate v．起源，發(fā)源
originate from發(fā)源于
given prep．鑒于，考慮到
complexity n．復(fù)雜性；難懂
complex adj．復(fù)雜的；難懂的
maximum n．最大量，最大值adj．最高的；最多的(縮寫為max．)
to the maximum最大限度地
minimum n．最小值；最少量；最低限度adj．最低的；最小的(縮寫為min．)
painstaking adj．小心的；費(fèi)盡心思的；精心的
painstaking efforts艱苦努力
bring...back to life讓……獲得重生
workshop n．車間，工場
melody n．歌曲；曲調(diào)
polish v．擦亮，擦光
polish sth．(up)with sth．用某物把某物擦亮
wind up (給鐘表)上發(fā)條
wind v．給(鐘表等)上發(fā)條
gigantic adj．巨大的，龐大的
fashion v．制作，塑造
bark v．(狗)吠叫
flap v．振(翼)，撲動(翅膀)
spin v．將(棉花、羊毛等)紡成(線)，紡(線)
awe-inspiring adj．令人驚嘆的
exaggeration n．夸大，夸張
exaggerate v．夸張；夸大；言過其實(shí)
metaphor n．隱喻，暗喻
nonetheless adv．然而，但是；盡管如此，雖然如此
nevertheless adv．盡管如此；不過；然而
follow in the footsteps of sb．/follow in sb．'s footsteps
仿效某人
take on承擔(dān)(責(zé)任)；決定做；呈現(xiàn)
take up開始從事；繼續(xù)
artisan n．工匠，手藝人
stand the test of time 經(jīng)得起時(shí)間的考驗(yàn)
stand v．經(jīng)受，承受，經(jīng)得起
fast-paced adj．快節(jié)奏的
apt adj．適當(dāng)?shù)模‘?dāng)?shù)?br/> timeless adj．永恒的，恒久的；永不過時(shí)的
sedately adv．安靜地；慢悠悠地
piece together組合資料(以便了解情況)；拼湊，拼合
modest adj．謙虛的，謙遜的
modesty n．謙虛，謙遜
MASTERS OF TIME
In the quiet courtyards①of Xi San Suo，behind the high walls of the Forbidden City，time ticks at its own pace．If it hadn't been for a three-episode documentary②，outsiders would never have known that the plainly-dressed③people working here are masters of their craft，who have spent their lives restoring precious④antiques⑤．[1]Among these is the clock restoration⑥master，Wang Jin．[2]
[1]本句是主從復(fù)合句?！癐f it...documentary”為if引導(dǎo)的與過去事實(shí)相反的虛擬條件句，主句中that引導(dǎo)賓語從句；who引導(dǎo)定語從句，修飾先行詞masters。
[2]本句中among these 位于句首，句子的主語與謂語倒裝。
Walking through the seven crimson⑦gates towards his workplace⑧，Wang Jin still regards himself as an ordinary worker in the Palace Museum，although now he is often stopped by admirers wanting their photo taken with him．[3]Day in，day out⑨，Mr Wang and his students spend their time restoring clocks dating back hundreds of years．But for quite some time，he and his student Qi Haonan used to be the only two people repairing timepieces⑩in the Palace Museum．
[3]本句是主從復(fù)合句?！癢alking through...his workplace”是動詞-ing形式短語作時(shí)間狀語；“although now...with him”是although引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句，其中“wanting their photo taken with him”是動詞-ing形式短語作定語，修飾admirers。
Qing emperors were very fond of clocks．Therefore，in order to please them，foreign envoys presented these emperors with the most intricate and splendid timepieces．Today，the Palace Museum has one of the most significant collections of timepieces in the world，mainly originating from Europe and China．With objects ranging from small pocket watches to clocks over one metre in height，each of these requires its own unique method of restoration．Given the complexity of the work and the lack of necessary materials，this means that each expert can work on a maximum of two large pieces a year．But，through their painstaking efforts，Mr Wang and his students do more than repair the clocks—they bring them back to life ．
The only sound to break the silence in Wang Jin's workshop [4]is the chiming melody of the repaired and polished clocks．To Wang Jin it is the most beautiful music in the world．Now，after eight months of endless adjustments，the time has finally come for Mr Wang to wind up the gigantic clocks that date back to the time of Emperor Qianlong．The intricately fashioned objects that have stood still for centuries instantly come back to life：water flows，boats sail，dogs bark ，chickens flap their wings and a woman starts to spin ．It is a truly awe-inspiring moment．It is suddenly clear that when the clock masters say that“these antiques have lives”，it is neither an exaggeration nor a metaphor ．
[4]不定式短語作后置定語，修飾the only sound。“the only＋名詞”后常跟不定式作定語。
But，despite the combined work of several generations of masters，it seems unlikely that the restoration of the clocks will ever be complete．Even if every clock in the Palace Museum were restored，there would still be work to do，because restoration would probably need to begin again on the clocks that were repaired long ago．[5] This is a race against time that can never be won！Nonetheless ，Mr Wang remains optimistic about the future of these timepieces．Following in the footsteps of his own teacher all those years ago，Mr Wang has now
passed on his skills to the new members，who will take on many of the future repairs．What's more，inspired to follow in his father's footsteps，Mr Wang's son now has also taken up repairing antique clocks．This new generation of artisans will not only help preserve traditional skills；the innovation they bring to the craft will also ensure that the art of clock repairing stands the test of time ．
[5]本句是使用了虛擬語氣的主從復(fù)合句。其中even if引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句；主句中because引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句，該原因狀語從句中又包含一個(gè)that引導(dǎo)的定語從句，修飾clocks。
In today's fast-paced world，the saying that “time waits for no man” has never seemed more apt [6]．Yet inside the hidden courtyards of Xi San Suo，there is something timeless about the way Mr Wang and his colleagues sedately piece together the past with skilful hands and modest hearts．It is as if they have become one with their craft and with the history of the country[7]．
[6]此處為“否定副詞never/not＋形容詞的比較級”結(jié)構(gòu)表示最高級含義的用法。
[7]as if引導(dǎo)的表語從句。
時(shí)間大師
在紫禁城高墻內(nèi)西三所安靜的庭院里，時(shí)間按著自己的節(jié)奏流逝著。要不是那三集紀(jì)錄片，外面的人永遠(yuǎn)也不會知道，在這里工作的那些衣著樸素的人竟然都是精于各門技藝的大師，他們畢生都在修復(fù)珍貴的古董。這其中便包括鐘表修復(fù)大師王津。
王津穿過七重深紅色的大門，走向自己的工作地點(diǎn)。盡管現(xiàn)在他經(jīng)常被想和他合影的粉絲攔住，他仍然認(rèn)為自己是故宮博物院的一名普通工人。王先生和他的學(xué)生們?nèi)諒?fù)一日地修復(fù)著數(shù)百年前的鐘表，但在過去相當(dāng)長的一段時(shí)間里，故宮博物院修理鐘表的工匠只有他和他的學(xué)生亓昊楠。
清朝的皇帝們十分喜歡鐘表。因此，外國使節(jié)們把最精致、最華麗的鐘表送給這些皇帝來取悅他們。如今，故宮博物院擁有一部分世界上最重要的鐘表藏品，這些鐘表主要來自歐洲和中國。小到懷表，大到超過一米高的鐘表，每一件都有其獨(dú)特的修復(fù)方法。工作的復(fù)雜性和必要材料的缺乏意味著每位專家每年最多只能修復(fù)兩件大型鐘表。但是，王先生和他的學(xué)生們通過艱苦的努力不只是修復(fù)了鐘表——他們還讓鐘表恢復(fù)了生命。
在王津的工作坊里，唯一能打破寂靜的聲音是被修理和拋光的鐘表所發(fā)出的報(bào)時(shí)的旋律。對王津來說，這是世界上最美的音樂。經(jīng)過八個(gè)月無休止的調(diào)整，王先生現(xiàn)在終于進(jìn)行到了為乾隆皇帝時(shí)代的巨型鐘表上弦的時(shí)候。那些已經(jīng)靜止了幾個(gè)世紀(jì)的造型復(fù)雜的擺件瞬間復(fù)活了：水流動著，船航行著，狗吠叫著，雞拍動著翅膀，一個(gè)女人紡著線。這真是一個(gè)令人驚嘆的時(shí)刻。人們突然明白，當(dāng)鐘表大師們說“這些古董有生命”時(shí)，這既不是夸張，也不是比喻。
但是，盡管經(jīng)過了幾代大師的共同努力，鐘表的修復(fù)似乎永遠(yuǎn)不可能完成。即使故宮博物院的每一件鐘表都被修復(fù)了，仍然有工作要做，因?yàn)榭赡苄枰匦麻_始對很久以前修復(fù)過的鐘表進(jìn)行修復(fù)。這是一場與時(shí)間的賽跑，卻永遠(yuǎn)不可能贏！盡管如此，王先生對這些鐘表的未來仍持樂觀態(tài)度。多年前，王先生繼承了師父的事業(yè)，而現(xiàn)在他已將自己的技藝傳授給了將承擔(dān)未來許多修復(fù)工作的新成員。更重要的是，在繼承父業(yè)這一壯志的激勵下，王先生的兒子現(xiàn)在也開始修復(fù)古董鐘表。新一代的工匠不僅能夠協(xié)助保留傳統(tǒng)技藝，他們給技藝帶來的創(chuàng)新也將確保鐘表修復(fù)藝術(shù)能夠經(jīng)得起時(shí)間的考驗(yàn)。
在當(dāng)今快節(jié)奏的世界里，“時(shí)間不等人”的說法似乎再貼切不過了。然而，在西三所的隱秘庭院里，王先生和他的同事們用靈巧的雙手和謙遜的心沉著地拼湊著過去，帶來了永恒，好像他們已經(jīng)與自己的技藝和這個(gè)國家的歷史融為了一體。
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