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Period 4　 單元語法講練(Using language)
主語從句
一、主語從句的概念與類型
在復合句中作主語的從句叫主語從句。主語從句可由從屬連詞、連接代詞或連接副詞引導。
That she was chosen made us very happy．
她當選了這件事使我們很高興。
Whoever comes to the party will receive a present．
參加聚會的每一個人都將收到一份禮物。
When we shall have our sports meet is still a question．
我們何時開運動會還是個問題。
(一)連接詞(that，whether)引導的主語從句。這類從句中的that或whether只起連接作用，不作句子成分。that沒有意義；whether表示“是否”。
That light travels in a straight line is known to all．
光沿直線傳播是眾所周知的。
Whether he comes or not doesn't concern me．
他是否來與我無關。
(二)連接代詞(who，what，which，whatever，whichever，whoever等)引導的主語從句。這類從句中的連接代詞既有意義又充當句子的成分(如主語、賓語)。
Whoever is interested in the contest can sign up before April 20．
有興趣參加比賽的人可以在4月20日前報名參加。
I think what you need now is a good meal．
我想你現在需要的是一頓美餐。
(三)連接副詞(when，where，how，why)引導的主語從句。這類從句中的連接副詞有意義，在從句中作狀語。
How this could be done was a good question．
這如何實現是個值得研究的問題。
Why she didn't show up remains a puzzle．
她為什么沒來依然是個謎。
[即時訓練1]　補全句子
①__________________ (人們忘記的事情)is that the Italians，when they came to Australia，brought 2，000 years of their culture，the Greeks some 3，000 years，and the Chinese more still．
②_____________________ (無論誰贏得這次比賽) will have a chance to go to America．
③______________________________ (會議將在哪兒舉行) is not known to us．
④_________________________________ (他是否獲得了第一名)was not important．
二、主語從句與形式主語it
主語從句通常放在句首，但有時為了使句子結構保持平衡，避免“頭重腳輕”，常用it作形式主語，把從句放在后面，連詞that可以省略。
(一)it作形式主語，主語從句后置的常用句型
1．It is＋adj．/n．＋從句
It is a pity/shame (that)...遺憾的是……
It is possible (that)...很可能……
It is unlikely (that)...不可能……
It is a pity (that) she has made such a mistake．
她犯了這樣一個錯誤，真是遺憾。
It is not yet clear who was responsible for the accident．
現在還不清楚誰對那起事故負責。
2．It＋be＋過去分詞＋從句
It is said/reported (that)...據說/報道……
It is known to all (that)...眾所周知……
It is believed (that)...人們相信……
It is believed (that) oceans play a critical role in the world．
人們相信海洋在世界上起著關鍵作用。
It is known (that) China has made great progress in space exploration．
眾所周知，中國在太空探索方面取得了巨大進步。
(二)主語從句中的虛擬語氣
1．在It＋be＋suggested/advised/ordered/requested/insisted/required＋that...中，that從句的謂語應該用“should＋動詞原形”的形式，should可以省略。
It is suggested that we (should) do the experiment a second time．
有人建議我們再做一次實驗。
2．在It is important/natural/necessary/impossible that...句型中， that從句的謂語應該用“should＋動詞原形”的形式，should可以省略。
It is important that we(should) learn to communicate with others efficiently．
我們學會有效地與他人溝通是很重要的。
[即時訓練2]　單句語法填空/句型轉換
①__ is a pity that not everyone can be polite to the elderly．
②It is suggested that children _________________(give) more free time to develop their creativity．
③Mike is said to be learning Chinese．
→______________ Mike is learning Chinese．
④It is necessary for all of us to be present at the meeting this afternoon．
→It is necessary that all of us __________________________________ this afternoon．
三、主語從句引導詞的區別
(一)that與what
what既有引導主語從句的作用，同時又在從句中作句子成分(主語、賓語、表語等)。這時what相當于all that/everything that...，意為“所……的(東西、事情、話等)”；而that只起連接作用，本身無實際意義，在從句中也不充當任何句子成分。但that引導的主語從句放在句首時，不能省略that。
What we can't get seems better than what we have．
我們得不到的東西似乎比已得到的更好。
That labor can make us healthy and happy is a fact we can't overlook．
勞動可以使我們健康和快樂，這是一個我們不能忽視的事實。
(二)what和whatever
what表示“所……的(東西/事情)”，whatever表示“無論什么”。
What he has told us is of great importance．
他所告訴我們的至關重要。
Whatever David says sounds right to Helen．
無論戴維說什么，海倫聽著都對。
(三)which和whichever
which表示“哪一個”，whichever表示“無論哪一個”
Which book he is looking for is not known to us．
我們不知道他在找哪一本書。
Whichever way you choose has nothing to do with me．
無論你選擇哪條路都和我沒有關系。
(四)who和whoever
who表示“誰”，whoever表示“無論誰”
Who can work out the maths problem is unclear．
誰能解出這道數學題還不清楚。
Whoever can work out the maths problem will be rewarded．
無論誰能解出這道數學題都會被獎勵。
[即時訓練3]　單句語法填空
①___ stole my car has not been found out．
②_____ doctor you want to see is up to you．
③_______ catches the thief will be rewarded．
④____ we discovered is that it's unwise to judge what you eat only by its appearance．
⑤____ the earth goes around the sun is known to all．
短文語境填空
It is true 1．____ experiences are acquired through our journey of life．2．____ we believe and 3．___ we look at things and people around us are based on all our experiences in life．Despite the fact that things and life are the way they are，we all have different opinions and beliefs about everything and everybody．Other people have opinions about us as well．But 4．____ really matters is the opinion we have about ourselves．5．____ other people believe can be accepted and followed，but 6．_______ you want to become yourself and live according to the reality of life is for you to decide．
By living a life as it is and being yourself，you create an image about what you value most and whom you admire most．You should remember how important it is to be yourself．7．___ you are and 8．___ you feel are determined by the image that you create about yourself．It determines how successful you become in life and reminds you where you are standing in life．In short，you are as happy or sad as you see yourself．
第二篇課文(Developing ideas)
①capture vt．俘獲，捕獲
②torture v．拷打，拷問
③out of mercy出于憐憫
mercy n．仁慈，寬恕
④be sentenced to death被判死刑
sentence v．判決，判刑
⑤commit v．犯(罪)
⑥be safe from...免受……
⑦still adj．靜止的，安靜的，寂靜的
⑧graceful adj．優美的，優雅的
grace n．優美，優雅
⑨fresh adj．新的，不同的
⑩defect n．缺點，缺陷，毛病
glance n．掃視，匆匆一看
beyond one's
comprehension令某人費解
beyond prep．超出(理解或信任的范圍)
comprehension n．理解(力)
adjust to適應
adjust oneself to sth．使某人自己適應某事/物
exclaim v．(因驚訝、憤怒或興奮而)呼喊，驚叫
heartfelt adj．衷心的，誠摯的
a heartfelt apology誠摯的道歉
compassion n．憐憫，同情
compassion for... 對……的同情
next to與……相比
accent n．口音
utter v．(尤指吃力地)發出(聲音)
syllable n．音節
at the present moment 此刻，目前，眼下
immense adj．巨大的
be honest＝to be honest老實說
resemble v．像，與……類似，與……相似
whilst conj．而(用于強調兩種情況、活動等之間的差別)
heartbreaking adj．令人悲傷的
expression n．表情；神色
facial expressions 面部表情
intently adv．專心地；一心一意地
intent adj．熱切的；專注的
attempt to do sth．試圖做某事
repay v．報答
repay sth．with sth．用某物回報某物
repay sb．for sth．因某事報答某人
profound adj．(感情)強烈的，深切的
tenderness n．柔情
tender adj．溫柔的，親切的
a point of honour體面攸關的事
keep/hold... at bay阻止，遏制(令人不愉快的事情)
The Hunchback of Notre-Dame
Published in 1831，The Hunchback of Notre-Dame tells a tragic story of events in Paris．Esmeralda's beauty means that many men fall in love with her．One such man sends the hunchback Quasimodo to kidnap Esmeralda． But Quasimodo fails and is captured①and tortured②in public．Esmeralda hears his call for water，and steps forwards out of mercy③．She offers Quasimodo a drink of water，which saves him and also captures his heart．When Esmeralda is later sentenced to death④for a crime she did not commit⑤，Quasimodo rescues her from an angry crowd outside the Notre-Dame Cathedral．Esmeralda is safe from⑥execution as long as she stays inside the cathedral[1]...
[1]as long as引導的條件狀語從句，as long as意為“只要”。
Esmeralda and Quasimodo were still⑦for several moments，as they considered their predicament in silence[2]，she so graceful⑧，he so repulsive[3]．Every moment Esmeralda discovered some fresh⑨defect⑩in Quasimodo，as her glance travelled from his knock knees to his hunched back，from his hunched back to his single eye．How anyone could be formed in such a way[4] was beyond her comprehension ．Yet there was so much melancholy and so much gentleness spread over all this that she gradually adjusted to it．
[2]as引導的時間狀語從句。
[3]獨立主格結構，在句中作狀語。
[4]how引導的主語從句。
He was the first to break the silence[5]．“So you were telling me to return？”
[5]不定式短語作后置定語，修飾the first。
She moved her head，and said，“Yes．”
He understood the motion of the head．“But！” he said，as though hesitating whether to finish[6]，“I am—I am deaf．”
[6]作方式狀語，相當于as though he was hesitating whether to finish。
“Poor wretch！”exclaimed Esmeralda，with an expression of heartfelt compassion ．
He began to smile sadly．
“You suppose that was all that I was missing[7]，do you not？Yes，I am deaf，that is the way I am made．It is horrible，is it not，next to your exquisite beauty！”
[7]省略了引導詞的賓語從句，第一個that在賓語從句中作主語；第二個that引導定語從句，修飾先行詞all。
There lay in the accents of the unfortunate man so significant an awareness of his sadness that she had not the strength to utter a syllable ． In any case，he would not have heard her．He continued：
“Never have I viewed my ugliness as at the present moment ．[8] When I compare myself to you，I feel an immense pity for myself，poor unfortunate monster that I am！Be honest ，to you I must resemble some savage creature．You，you are a ray of sunshine，a drop of dew，a birdsong，whilst I am something terrible，neither human nor beast．I don't know what I am，as I am coarser，more downtrodden，and plainer than a pebble！”
[8]本句中否定副詞never位于句首，句子用了倒裝。as在此處作介詞，意為“像”。
Then he began to laugh，and that laugh was the most heartbreaking sound in the world．He continued：
“Yes，I am deaf，but you shall talk to me with your hands as my master talks to me[9]，and then I shall quickly know your wishes from the movement of your lips，from your expression ．”
[9]as引導的方式狀語從句，as表示“按……的方式”。
“Well！”she smiled，“Explain to me why you rescued me．”
He watched her intently while she was speaking．
“I understand，” he replied．“You ask me why I rescued you．You have forgotten an unfortunate person who attempted to kidnap you one night，this same person to whom you showed kindness when he was being punished．A drop of water and a little pity—that is more than I can repay with my life．You have forgotten that unfortunate soul，but he remembers it．”
She listened to him with profound tenderness ．A tear swam in the eye of Quasimodo，but did not fall．He seemed to make it a point of honour to keep it at bay ．
(Adaptation from The Hunchback of Notre-Dame by Victor Hugo)
巴黎圣母院
《巴黎圣母院》于1831年出版。它講述了一個發生在巴黎的悲慘故事。埃斯梅拉達的美貌使無數男人為她傾倒。這些傾慕者中有一個人派駝背卡西莫多去綁架埃斯梅拉達。但卡西莫多失敗了，在公共場合被捕并遭受酷刑。埃斯梅拉達聽到他對水的呼喚，憐憫之心油然而生。她給卡西莫多遞上水，這不僅拯救了他的生命，也俘獲了他的心。后來當埃斯梅拉達因莫須有的罪名被判死刑時，卡西莫多從圣母院外憤怒的人群中救下了她。只要她留在教堂內，就可以免于被處決的危險……
埃斯梅拉達和卡西莫多許久沒有動，默默地思考著自己的處境，一個是那樣優美，一個是那么難看。每一刻，隨著埃斯梅拉達的目光從卡西莫多的彎腿移到駝背，再從他的駝背移到獨眼上，她都在他身上發現更多的毛病。她難以理解一個人怎么能長得如此畸形。但他表現出那樣的憂郁與那樣的溫順，她漸漸地適應了。
他首先打破了沉默?！澳敲茨闶墙形一貋韱幔俊?br/>她點點頭，答道：“是的。”
他明白點頭的意思。“不過，”他說，似乎猶豫著要不要說下去，“我是……我是聾人。”
“可憐的人！”埃斯梅拉達喊道，發自內心地對他表示同情。
他苦笑起來。
“你覺得那就是我的所有缺陷，對不對？是啊，我是聾人，生來如此。真是可怕，不是嗎？而你呢，卻如此美麗！”
從那不幸的人的語氣里可以感受到他對自身的悲哀心知肚明，她沒有勇氣回答。何況即便回答，他也無法聽到。他接著說道：
“我從來沒像現在這般明白自己的丑陋。當我把自己同你比較時，我就非常憐憫自己，我是多么可憐而不幸的怪物??！說實話，你一定把我當成某種野獸了吧。你呀，你就像一束陽光，一滴露珠，像鳥鳴聲，而我呢，卻是一個可怕的東西，不像人也不像獸。我不知道我是什么，我比卵石還要粗硬、難看、不顯眼！”
然后他笑了起來，那是世界上最痛心的笑聲。他接著說道：
“是啊，我是聾人。但你可以用手勢對我講話，就像我的主人跟我說話那樣。這樣，從你的口型和你的表情，我很快就能明白你的意思?！?br/>“好?。　彼⑿χf道，“告訴我你為什么要救我?！?br/>她說話的時候，他專注地看著她。
“我明白了，”他回答道，“你問我為什么要救你。你忘了，有天晚上，有個壞家伙想綁架你，你卻在他被懲罰時對他表示友善。我即使為你赴湯蹈火，也報答不了那滴水和你的憐憫之心。你已經忘記那個不幸的人了，他卻還記著你的恩情。”
她帶著滿心溫柔聽完他的話。一滴淚珠在卡西莫多的眼眶里滾動，卻沒有落下來。似乎不讓眼淚落下來，他就可以維護自己的尊嚴。
(改編自維克多·雨果的《巴黎圣母院》)
Period 4
單元語法
[即時訓練1]
①What people forget?、赪hoever wins the game　③Where the meeting will be held?、躓hether he won first place or not
[即時訓練2]
①It?、?should) be given?、跧t's said that　④(should) be present at the meeting
[即時訓練3]
①Who?、赪hich?、踂hoever?、躓hat　⑤That
鞏固落實
1．that　2．What　3．how　4．what　5．What　6．whether
7．Who　8．how
1 / 1(共44張PPT)
Period 4　
Unit 1　Face values
主題語境
人與自我——正確的人生態度
課時學案　單元語法講練(Using language)
主語從句
一、主語從句的概念與類型
在復合句中作主語的從句叫主語從句。主語從句可由從屬連詞、連接代詞或連接副詞引導。
That she was chosen made us very happy．
她當選了這件事使我們很高興。
Whoever comes to the party will receive a present．
參加聚會的每一個人都將收到一份禮物。
When we shall have our sports meet is still a question．
我們何時開運動會還是個問題。
(一)連接詞(that，whether)引導的主語從句。這類從句中的that或whether只起連接作用，不作句子成分。that沒有意義；whether表示“是否”。
That light travels in a straight line is known to all．
光沿直線傳播是眾所周知的。
Whether he comes or not doesn't concern me．
他是否來與我無關。
(二)連接代詞(who，what，which，whatever，whichever，whoever等)引導的主語從句。這類從句中的連接代詞既有意義又充當句子的成分(如主語、賓語)。
Whoever is interested in the contest can sign up before April 20．
有興趣參加比賽的人可以在4月20日前報名參加。
I think what you need now is a good meal．
我想你現在需要的是一頓美餐。
(三)連接副詞(when，where，how，why)引導的主語從句。這類從句中的連接副詞有意義，在從句中作狀語。
How this could be done was a good question．
這如何實現是個值得研究的問題。
Why she didn't show up remains a puzzle．
她為什么沒來依然是個謎。
[即時訓練1]　補全句子
①__________________ (人們忘記的事情)is that the Italians，when they came to Australia，brought 2，000 years of their culture，the Greeks some 3，000 years，and the Chinese more still．
②____________________ (無論誰贏得這次比賽) will have a chance to go to America．
③____________________________ (會議將在哪兒舉行) is not known to us．
④______________________________ (他是否獲得了第一名)was not important．
What people forget
Whoever wins the game
Where the meeting will be held
Whether he won first place or not
二、主語從句與形式主語it
主語從句通常放在句首，但有時為了使句子結構保持平衡，避免“頭重腳輕”，常用it作形式主語，把從句放在后面，連詞that可以省略。
(一)it作形式主語，主語從句后置的常用句型
1．It is＋adj．/n．＋從句
It is a pity/shame (that)...遺憾的是……
It is possible (that)...很可能……
It is unlikely (that)...不可能……
It is a pity (that) she has made such a mistake．
她犯了這樣一個錯誤，真是遺憾。
It is not yet clear who was responsible for the accident．
現在還不清楚誰對那起事故負責。
2．It＋be＋過去分詞＋從句
It is said/reported (that)...據說/報道……
It is known to all (that)...眾所周知……
It is believed (that)...人們相信……
It is believed (that) oceans play a critical role in the world．
人們相信海洋在世界上起著關鍵作用。
It is known (that) China has made great progress in space exploration．
眾所周知，中國在太空探索方面取得了巨大進步。
(二)主語從句中的虛擬語氣
1．在It＋be＋suggested/advised/ordered/requested/insisted/required＋that...中，that從句的謂語應該用“should＋動詞原形”的形式，should可以省略。
It is suggested that we (should) do the experiment a second time．
有人建議我們再做一次實驗。
2．在It is important/natural/necessary/impossible that...句型中， that從句的謂語應該用“should＋動詞原形”的形式，should可以省略。
It is important that we(should) learn to communicate with others efficiently．
我們學會有效地與他人溝通是很重要的。
[即時訓練2]　單句語法填空/句型轉換
①__ is a pity that not everyone can be polite to the elderly．
②It is suggested that children _________________(give) more free time to develop their creativity．
③Mike is said to be learning Chinese．
→_____________ Mike is learning Chinese．
④It is necessary for all of us to be present at the meeting this afternoon．
→It is necessary that all of us _____________________________ this afternoon．
It
(should) be given
It's said that
(should) be present at the meeting
三、主語從句引導詞的區別
(一)that與what
what既有引導主語從句的作用，同時又在從句中作句子成分(主語、賓語、表語等)。這時what相當于all that/everything that...，意為“所……的(東西、事情、話等)”；而that只起連接作用，本身無實際意義，在從句中也不充當任何句子成分。但that引導的主語從句放在句首時，不能省略that。
What we can't get seems better than what we have．
我們得不到的東西似乎比已得到的更好。
That labor can make us healthy and happy is a fact we can't overlook．
勞動可以使我們健康和快樂，這是一個我們不能忽視的事實。
(二)what和whatever
what表示“所……的(東西/事情)”，whatever表示“無論什么”。
What he has told us is of great importance．
他所告訴我們的至關重要。
Whatever David says sounds right to Helen．
無論戴維說什么，海倫聽著都對。
(三)which和whichever
which表示“哪一個”，whichever表示“無論哪一個”
Which book he is looking for is not known to us．
我們不知道他在找哪一本書。
Whichever way you choose has nothing to do with me．
無論你選擇哪條路都和我沒有關系。
(四)who和whoever
who表示“誰”，whoever表示“無論誰”
Who can work out the maths problem is unclear．
誰能解出這道數學題還不清楚。
Whoever can work out the maths problem will be rewarded．
無論誰能解出這道數學題都會被獎勵。
[即時訓練3]　單句語法填空
①_____ stole my car has not been found out．
②_______ doctor you want to see is up to you．
③_______ catches the thief will be rewarded．
④______ we discovered is that it's unwise to judge what you eat only by its appearance．
⑤_____ the earth goes around the sun is known to all．
Who
Which
Whoever
What
That
短文語境填空
It is true 1．____ experiences are acquired through our journey of life．2．____ we believe and 3．____ we look at things and people around us are based on all our experiences in life．Despite the fact that things and life are the way they are，we all have different opinions and beliefs about everything and everybody．Other people have opinions about us as well．But 4．____ really matters is the opinion we have about ourselves．5．____ other people believe can be accepted and followed，but 6．_______ you want to become yourself and live according to the reality of life is for you to decide．
that
What
how
what
What
whether
By living a life as it is and being yourself，you create an image about what you value most and whom you admire most．You should remember how important it is to be yourself．7．______ you are and 8．______ you feel are determined by the image that you create about yourself．It determines how successful you become in life and reminds you where you are standing in life．In short，you are as happy or sad as you see yourself．
Who
how
①capture vt．俘獲，捕獲
②torture v．拷打，拷問
③out of mercy出于憐憫
mercy n．仁慈，寬恕
④be sentenced to death被判死刑
sentence v．判決，判刑
課下預習　第二篇課文(Developing ideas)
⑤commit v．犯(罪)
⑥be safe from...免受……
⑦still adj．靜止的，安靜的，寂靜的
⑧graceful adj．優美的，優雅的
grace n．優美，優雅
⑨fresh adj．新的，不同的
⑩defect n．缺點，缺陷，毛病
glance n．掃視，匆匆一看
beyond one's
comprehension令某人費解
beyond prep．超出(理解或信任的范圍)
comprehension n．理解(力)
adjust to適應
adjust oneself to sth．使某人自己適應某事/物
exclaim v．(因驚訝、憤怒或興奮而)呼喊，驚叫
heartfelt adj．衷心的，誠摯的
a heartfelt apology誠摯的道歉
compassion n．憐憫，同情
compassion for... 對……的同情
next to與……相比
accent n．口音
utter v．(尤指吃力地)發出(聲音)
syllable n．音節
at the present moment 此刻，目前，眼下
immense adj．巨大的
be honest＝to be honest老實說
resemble v．像，與……類似，與……相似
whilst conj．而(用于強調兩種情況、活動等之間的差別)
heartbreaking adj．令人悲傷的
expression n．表情；神色
facial expressions 面部表情
intently adv．專心地；一心一意地
intent adj．熱切的；專注的
attempt to do sth．試圖做某事
repay v．報答
repay sth．with sth．用某物回報某物
repay sb．for sth．因某事報答某人
profound adj．(感情)強烈的，深切的
tenderness n．柔情
tender adj．溫柔的，親切的
a point of honour體面攸關的事
keep/hold... at bay阻止，遏制(令人不愉快的事情)
The Hunchback of Notre-Dame
Published in 1831，The Hunchback of Notre-Dame tells a tragic story of events in Paris．Esmeralda's beauty means that many men fall in love with her．One such man sends the hunchback Quasimodo to kidnap Esmeralda． But Quasimodo fails and is captured①and tortured②in public．Esmeralda hears his call for water，and steps forwards out of mercy③．She offers Quasimodo a drink of water， which saves him
and also captures his heart．When Esmeralda is later sentenced to death④for a crime she did not commit⑤，Quasimodo rescues her from an angry crowd outside the Notre-Dame Cathedral．Esmeralda is safe from⑥execution as long as she stays inside the cathedral[1]...
[1]as long as引導的條件狀語從句，as long as意為“只要”。
Esmeralda and Quasimodo were still⑦for several moments，as they considered their predicament in silence[2]，she so graceful⑧，he so repulsive[3]．Every moment Esmeralda discovered some fresh⑨defect⑩in Quasimodo，as her glance travelled from his knock knees to his hunched back，from his hunched back to his single eye．How anyone could be formed in such a way[4] was beyond her comprehension ．Yet there was so much melancholy and so much gentleness spread over all this that she gradually adjusted to it．
[2]as引導的時間狀語從句。
[3]獨立主格結構，在句中作狀語。
[4]how引導的主語從句。
He was the first to break the silence[5]．“So you were telling me to return？”
[5]不定式短語作后置定語，修飾the first。
She moved her head，and said，“Yes．”
He understood the motion of the head．“But！” he said，as though hesitating whether to finish[6]，“I am—I am deaf．”
[6]作方式狀語，相當于as though he was hesitating whether to finish。
“Poor wretch！”exclaimed Esmeralda，with an expression of heartfelt compassion ．
He began to smile sadly．
“You suppose that was all that I was missing[7]，do you not？Yes，I am deaf，that is the way I am made．It is horrible，is it not，next to your exquisite beauty！”
[7]省略了引導詞的賓語從句，第一個that在賓語從句中作主語；第二個that引導定語從句，修飾先行詞all。
There lay in the accents of the unfortunate man so significant an awareness of his sadness that she had not the strength to utter a syllable ． In any case，he would not have heard her．He continued：
“Never have I viewed my ugliness as at the present moment ．[8] When I compare myself to you，I feel an immense pity for myself，poor unfortunate monster that I am！Be honest ，to you I must resemble some savage creature．You，you are a ray of sunshine，a drop of dew，a birdsong，whilst I am something terrible，neither human nor beast．I don't know what I am，as I am coarser，more downtrodden，and plainer than a pebble！”
[8]本句中否定副詞never位于句首，句子用了倒裝。as在此處作介詞，意為“像”。
Then he began to laugh，and that laugh was the most heartbreaking sound in the world．He continued：
“Yes，I am deaf，but you shall talk to me with your hands as my master talks to me[9]，and then I shall quickly know your wishes from the movement of your lips，from your expression ．”
[9]as引導的方式狀語從句，as表示“按……的方式”。
“Well！”she smiled，“Explain to me why you rescued me．”
He watched her intently while she was speaking．
“I understand，” he replied．“You ask me why I rescued you．You have forgotten an unfortunate person who attempted to kidnap you one night，this same person to whom you showed kindness when he was being punished．A drop of water and a little pity—that is more than I can repay with my life．You have forgotten that unfortunate soul，but he remembers it．”
She listened to him with profound tenderness ．A tear swam in the eye of Quasimodo，but did not fall．He seemed to make it a point of honour to keep it at bay ．
(Adaptation from The Hunchback of Notre-Dame by Victor Hugo)
巴黎圣母院
《巴黎圣母院》于1831年出版。它講述了一個發生在巴黎的悲慘故事。埃斯梅拉達的美貌使無數男人為她傾倒。這些傾慕者中有一個人派駝背卡西莫多去綁架埃斯梅拉達。但卡西莫多失敗了，在公共場合被捕并遭受酷刑。埃斯梅拉達聽到他對水的呼喚，憐憫之心油然而生。她給卡西莫多遞上水，這不僅拯救了他的生命，也俘獲了他的心。后來當埃斯梅拉達因莫須有的罪名被判死刑時，卡西莫多從圣母院外憤怒的人群中救下了她。只要她留在教堂內，就可以免于被處決的危險……
埃斯梅拉達和卡西莫多許久沒有動，默默地思考著自己的處境，一個是那樣優美，一個是那么難看。每一刻，隨著埃斯梅拉達的目光從卡西莫多的彎腿移到駝背，再從他的駝背移到獨眼上，她都在他身上發現更多的毛病。她難以理解一個人怎么能長得如此畸形。但他表現出那樣的憂郁與那樣的溫順，她漸漸地適應了。
他首先打破了沉默。“那么你是叫我回來嗎？”
她點點頭，答道：“是的?！?br/>他明白點頭的意思?！安贿^，”他說，似乎猶豫著要不要說下去，“我是……我是聾人。”
“可憐的人！”埃斯梅拉達喊道，發自內心地對他表示同情。
他苦笑起來。
“你覺得那就是我的所有缺陷，對不對？是啊，我是聾人，生來如此。真是可怕，不是嗎？而你呢，卻如此美麗！”
從那不幸的人的語氣里可以感受到他對自身的悲哀心知肚明，她沒有勇氣回答。何況即便回答，他也無法聽到。他接著說道：
“我從來沒像現在這般明白自己的丑陋。當我把自己同你比較時，我就非常憐憫自己，我是多么可憐而不幸的怪物?。≌f實話，你一定把我當成某種野獸了吧。你呀，你就像一束陽光，一滴露珠，像鳥鳴聲，而我呢，卻是一個可怕的東西，不像人也不像獸。我不知道我是什么，我比卵石還要粗硬、難看、不顯眼！”
然后他笑了起來，那是世界上最痛心的笑聲。他接著說道：
“是啊，我是聾人。但你可以用手勢對我講話，就像我的主人跟我說話那樣。這樣，從你的口型和你的表情，我很快就能明白你的意思?！?br/>“好??！”她微笑著說道，“告訴我你為什么要救我?！?br/>她說話的時候，他專注地看著她。
“我明白了，”他回答道，“你問我為什么要救你。你忘了，有天晚上，有個壞家伙想綁架你，你卻在他被懲罰時對他表示友善。我即使為你赴湯蹈火，也報答不了那滴水和你的憐憫之心。你已經忘記那個不幸的人了，他卻還記著你的恩情。”
她帶著滿心溫柔聽完他的話。一滴淚珠在卡西莫多的眼眶里滾動，卻沒有落下來。似乎不讓眼淚落下來，他就可以維護自己的尊嚴。
(改編自維克多·雨果的《巴黎圣母院》)
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