資源簡介

Period 4　 單元語法講練(Using language)
1．emphasise v．強調
(1)emphasise the importance of．．． 強調……的重要性；重視……
(2)emphasis n． 強調；重視；重要性
put/lay/place emphasis on．．． 強調/重視……
[即學即練]——單句語法填空/一句多譯
①(應用文之通知) It should_____________(emphasise) that everyone should come before the deadline．
②The_________(emphasise) is very much on learning the spoken language．
③我們再怎么強調保護眼睛的重要性也不為過。
a．____________________________________________________(emphasise)
b．____________________________________________________(emphasis)
2．tear down拆毀；拆除
tear up 撕碎；撕毀(文件等)
tear．．．into/to pieces 把……撕成碎片
tear．．．in half/into halves 把……撕成兩半
tear apart 使四分五裂；使(關系密切的人)分離/分開
tear one's heart out 使某人心如刀絞/傷心欲絕
[即學即練]——單句語法填空/完成句子
①We're planning to tear__________the wall between the kitchen and the dining room．
②He told the lawyer to tear_____________the old contract and to prepare a new one．
③If you tear the paper_________halves，we can each have something to write on．
④(讀后續寫之動作描寫)He_________(tear) apart the two tickets and handed one to me．
⑤(讀后續寫之情感描寫)想到那些貧窮、饑餓的孩子，我心如刀絞。
The thought of those poor，hungry children was________________．
3．in favour of支持；贊成
ask sb．a favour＝ask a favour of sb． 請某人幫忙
do sb．a favour＝do a favour for sb． 幫某人一個忙
in one's favour 對某人有利
[即學即練]——單句語法填空/同義句轉換
①This candidate has a lot_____________her favour，especially her experience of teaching．
②(應用文之求助信)I want to tell you something about my plan for the summer vacation and I'd like you to do a favour_________me．
③Only a quarter of the students were for the proposal while a half of them were against it．
→Only a quarter of the students were_________________while a half of them were against it．
4．figure out想出；弄懂，弄清楚，弄明白；計算出
break out 爆發
leave out 遺漏，不包括
pick out 精心挑選；辨別出；認出來
work out 計算出；解決；鍛煉身體
give out 用完，耗盡；分發；發出，放出(光、熱等)
set out 出發，動身
[即學即練]——用“動詞＋out”短語填空/完成句子
①They______________for the local supermarket together and bought some paper bags for popcorn．
②It is difficult to_________________a global population of polar bears as much of the range has been poorly studied．
③The teacher stressed again that the students should not_____________any important details while retelling the story．
④不必為失敗氣餒，但你要弄清楚失敗的原因。
There is no need to be discouraged by failure，but you ought to_________________．
動詞 ing形式短語作結果狀語
(教材P39)It has allowed China to accomplish in just four decades what took Western industrialised countries more than 200 years to achieve，breaking new ground in the history of human achievement．
它使中國用了僅僅四十年的時間就取得了西方工業化國家200多年才取得的成就，這在人類成就史上是具有開創性的。
(1)“breaking．．．achievement”是動詞 ing形式短語作結果狀語。
(2)動詞 ing形式(短語)作結果狀語的用法：
①語法含義：多表示意料之中的、自然而然的結果，動詞 ing形式(短語)前可加thus 以示強調。
②邏輯主語：多為句子的主語或動詞 ing形式(短語)前的整個句子，其邏輯主語與構成動詞 ing形式的動詞之間通常為主謂關系。
③時態特征：動詞 ing形式表示的動作發生在謂語動詞所表示的動作之后，因此動詞 ing形式只用一般式。
[即學即練]——單句語法填空/同義句轉換
①It rained heavily，thus_________(cause) terrible flooding in the area．
②We hurried to the hotel，only___________(tell) that the meeting had been put off because of the bad weather．
③Muchadvancedtechnologyhasbeen
introduced to the company，so that there is a great increase in production．
→Much advanced technology has been introduced to the company，______________________．
[溫馨提示]　
動詞 ing形式(短語) 表示正常出現的、自然而然的或意料之中的結果。
不定式(短語) 多表示出乎意料的結果或不好的結果，其前可加only表示強調。
P38
1．________________一個大型購物廣場/中心
2．________________拆毀；拆除
3．________________清除木制攤位
4．________________把……清除掉
5．________________支持；贊成；贊同
P39
1．________________進行一次面對面采訪　
2．________________編輯新聞
3．________________發布新聞
4．________________改革開放
5．________________開始從事；著手(某工作)
6．________________鋪平道路；創造條件
7．________________一個全面現代化社會主義國家
8．________________一個西方工業化國家
9．________________開拓創新；有所發現
10．________________分享……的成果
11．________________還有；而且；更重要的是；更有甚者
12．________________“一帶一路”倡議
13．________________一個新開端
14．________________通向一個繁榮的新時代
P40
1．________________一個技術中心
2．________________奠定堅實的基礎
3．________________毫無疑問；的確
4．________________經歷變化
5．________________一項政策的采用/推行
6．________________一個經濟特區
過去進行時的被動語態
1．定義
過去進行時的被動語態表示過去某個時刻正在進行或者發生的被動動作。謂語動詞的主語是動作的承受者而不是發出者。
The goods were being uploaded when we arrived at the airport．
當我們到達機場時，貨物正在被裝載。
2．構成
(1)肯定句：主語＋was/were＋being＋及物動詞的過去分詞(＋by＋動作的執行者)
Another bridge was being built over the Yangtze River then．
那時長江上正在建造另一座大橋。
(2)否定句：主語＋was/were＋not＋being＋及物動詞的過去分詞(＋by＋動作的執行者)
The TV set was not being fixed by him this time yesterday．
昨天這個時候他沒有在修理電視機。
(3)一般疑問句：Was/Were＋主語＋being＋及物動詞的過去分詞(＋by＋動作的執行者)
Was a new library being put up in their school just then
他們學校當時正在建一座新圖書館嗎？
(4)特殊疑問句：疑問詞＋was/were＋主語＋being＋及物動詞的過去分詞(＋by＋動作的執行者)
What was being done to the machine then
那時正在對這臺機器采取什么措施？
[即時訓練1]——句型轉換
①TheywereholdingameetingwhenI arrived there．
→________________________________________________(被動語態)
②Hiscarwasbeingrepaired when I came in．
→______________________________________________________(否定句)
③The manwasbeingquestionedbythe policeman at that time．
→_______________________________________________(對The man進行提問)
3．基本用法
(1)表示過去某個時刻或某段時間正在進行的被動動作。常用的時間狀語有at that time，at five yesterday，this time yesterday，the whole morning等。
Trees were being planted by them at this time yesterday．
昨天這個時候他們正在植樹。
You were being expected by them yesterday，but you didn't turn up．
昨天他們一直在等你，可你沒有來。
(2)用于條件或時間狀語從句中，代替過去將來時的被動語態。
She told me that I would have to go instead of her if she was being held back by something．
她告訴我如果她被什么事給耽擱了，那么我就得替她去。
(3)表示過去某時刻按計劃、安排將要發生的被動動作。
The host said that some rock music was being played by them next．
主持人說下面將由他們演奏一些搖滾音樂。
[溫馨提示]　過去進行時的被動語態與一般過去時的被動語態的區別：過去進行時的被動語態強調動作發生的過程，一般過去時的被動語態強調動作的結果。
Several patients were being treated in the local hospital then．(表示被動、正在進行的動作)
當時有幾個病人正在當地的醫院接受治療。
Several patients were treated in the local hospital then．(表示過去發生的動作)
當時有幾個病人在當地的醫院接受治療。
[即時訓練2]——單句語法填空
①Mr Smith had to go to work by bus this morning as his car________________(repair)．
②The students' attention______________(fix) on their study when all the lights went out．
③They were living with their grandparents last month because their own house________________(rebuild)．
④When we visited my grandparents last
weekend，their new house_______________(paint)．
⑤The lost girl_________________(look) for everywhere by her parents and policemen when she suddenly appeared in the park．
短文語境填空
I heard that the school where I once studied would be rebuilt，so I went there quickly．When I got there，the gate of the school 1．________________(pull) down．I was heartbroken．The big tree in the garden 2．________________(cut) down by some workers．The teaching building 3．________________(destroy) by forklifts(鏟車)．Bricks 4．_______________(clean) up and garbage 5．________________(carry) away by trucks．
第二篇課文(Developing ideas)
①emoji n．表情符號
②cafeteria n．自助餐廳
③run late 晚了
run early/on time早了/準時
④an attempt to do．．．做……的嘗試/企圖
attempt n．& vt．試圖，嘗試
at the first attempt第一次嘗試
attempt to do sth．試圖做某事
⑤follow the trend of．．．追隨……的潮流
trend n．趨勢，趨向
a downward/an upward trend in．．．在……方面下滑/上升的趨勢
⑥an integral component一個不可缺少的組成部分
integral adj．不可缺少的
component n．組成部分
a key/vital component一個重要的/至關重要的組成部分
⑦express oneself表達自我/表達自己的思想感情
⑧symbol n．符號；標志；象征
sign n．符號；記號
symbolise v．象征，是……的象征
symbolic adj．象征性的
⑨come in different categories有不同的種類
come [熟詞生義]v．有(貨)；可提供
come in．．．有……
category n．類別
⑩be limited to被限制在……
limit v．限制，限定
expand upon詳述，充分敘述
the word of the year年度熱詞
the man/woman of the year年度最優秀人物
pictograph n．象形圖
have advantages over比……有優勢
emotional adj．情緒(上)的，情感(上)的
emotion n．情感，情緒
gesture n．手勢，姿勢
facial expression面部表情
facial adj．臉上的；面部的
a string of 一串
separation n．分開，分離；離別
separate v．(使)分離，分散
separate A from/and B把A與B分開
spread to蔓延至，擴散到
textspeak n．短信簡寫語
intention n．意圖，目的
adaptation n．改編版
accessible adj．容易理解的，易懂的；易接近的
take away拿走，帶走，使消失
heart and soul精髓；全心全意
soul n．精神
have a tendency to do sth．有做某事的趨勢
tendency n．趨勢，傾向
facilitate v．促進；使便利
facilitation n．簡易化，簡便化，促進
educator n．教育工作者
pictorial adj．圖畫的
Emojis①：a new language
[1]While waiting outside the cafeteria②，I received the following message from my friend：
[1]此處是時間狀語從句“While I was waiting outside the cafeteria”的省略形式。
It took me a minute before I realised what it meant． The signs he used were to say that he'd be running late③ and would be there soon． Instead of replying with a simple “OK，don't rush”， I searched for emojis on my phone that would express the same message：
This was my attempt to④ follow the trend of⑤ communicating with emojis． Emojis are used everywhere，from text messages to emails，blogs and other social media networks． With the rapid development of social media，emojis are becoming an integral component⑥ of the language we use to express ourselves⑦．
The word “emoji” comes from Japanese，literally meaning “picture character”． Emojis are small symbols⑧ representing ideas，emotions or feelings． They come in different categories⑨， such as faces and people，plants and animals，and food and drink．
When first introduced in Japan in 1999，emojis were limited to⑩ 176 simple designs．[2]Now there are more than 3，000 emojis that expand upon the way in which we communicate． Due to their popularity，the Oxford Dictionaries Word of the Year in 2015 was，for the first time ever，a pictograph instead of a traditional word．
[2]本句是主從復合句。that引導限制性定語從句，修飾先行詞more than 3，000 emojis，該從句中的in which引導限制性定語從句，修飾先行詞the way。
In today's world，emojis have become more and more popular． It seems that emojis have clear advantages over written language．[3]People like them because they add emotional meaning，and are quick and easy to use．In fact，this is similar to the gestures we use when we speak． [4]With a smiling or sad face added to a message or post，your reader can “see” your facial expression while reading your words．Emojis can also help people express their feelings when they cannot find the appropriate words． For instance，if your friend is moving across the country，you may just send them a string of crying faces to express your sadness over your separation ．
[3]本句是主從復合句。because引導原因狀語從句，該從句中的are quick and easy to use是“be＋adj．＋動詞不定式”結構，不定式用主動形式表示被動意義。
[4]“With a．．．added to a message or post”是with復合結構，賓補由過去分詞短語充當，face與add之間為邏輯上的動賓關系。while reading your words是時間狀語從句的省略形式。
The use of emojis has even spread to classical literature． A Shakespeare series for young readers has taken William Shakespeare's popular plays and replaced some words with textspeak and emojis． The intention of these adaptations is to make the classics more accessible to young readers． Some people，however，believe that these new versions have taken away the heart and soul of Shakespeare's plays．
As we can see，emojis have a tendency to pop up all over the place． Users of emojis say that they facilitate the way in which we communicate and express ourselves． [5]But this makes others，especially educators ，worry that we are losing the ability to communicate properly using the written word，or even the spoken word．[6]After all，how many of us today would rather send a message packed with emojis than make a telephone call Perhaps people will one day choose to communicate in pictures，and forget how to write properly． On that day，emojis [7] will have become a real pictorial “language”． But，for now，maybe it's best that we just enjoy using them．
[5]本句是主從復合句。“makes others，especially educators，worry that．．．”屬于“make＋賓語＋賓補”結構，賓補由不帶to的不定式短語充當，that在句中引導賓語從句。
[6]本句中包含“would rather do sth．than do sth．”結構，意為“寧愿做某事而不愿做某事”。
[7]此處用將來完成時表示在將來某個時間已經完成的動作。
表情符號：一門新語言？
在自助餐廳外等待的時候，我收到了朋友發來的消息：
我花了一分鐘才理解這條消息的意思。這些符號是想說他要遲到了，會盡快過來。我沒有簡單地回復“好，別著急”，而是從手機上搜索了幾個表達相同意思的表情符號：
這是我追隨使用表情符號交流這一潮流的一次嘗試。表情符號無處不在，從短信到電子郵件、博客以及其他社交媒體網絡都會使用表情符號。隨著社交媒體的飛速發展，表情符號正在成為我們用于表達自我的語言不可或缺的一部分。
“emoji”一詞源于日語，字面意思是“圖畫文字”。表情符號是表示想法、情緒或感受的小圖標。它們可分為不同類別，比如面部表情和人物、動植物、食品飲料等。
1999年，表情符號首次在日本推出，當時只有176個簡單的圖案。但現在我們能使用3 000多個表情符號來拓寬我們的交流渠道。由于表情符號的風靡，牛津詞典2015年的年度熱詞是，這是圖畫文字首次替代了傳統意義上的單詞。
在當今世界，表情符號越來越受歡迎。表情符號似乎比書面語言更具明顯優勢。人們喜歡它們，因為它們增添了語言的情感含義，使用方便快捷。事實上，這就像我們說話時用的手勢一樣。當在信息或帖子中加一個微笑表情或悲傷表情時，你的讀者在讀你寫的內容時就能“看到”你的面部表情。表情符號還能幫助人們在找不到合適的詞匯時表達他們的感受。舉個例子，假如你的朋友將要搬去另一個國家，你可以發給他們一串哭臉，來表達自己對于你們將要分離的憂傷之情。
表情符號的使用甚至蔓延到經典文學之中。一套為年輕讀者寫的、內容取材于威廉·莎士比亞流行戲劇的系列叢書，就把書中一些詞語更換為了短信簡寫語和表情符號。這些改寫的目的是使經典著作更容易被年輕讀者接受。然而，也有人認為這些新版本剝奪了莎士比亞戲劇的精髓。
正如我們所見，表情符號的趨勢是變得越來越隨處可見。表情符號的使用者聲稱它們更便于我們溝通交流、表達自我。但是這使得一些人，尤其是教育工作者，擔心我們正在失去使用書面語甚至口語來正確溝通的能力。畢竟，現如今，我們當中有多少人寧愿發送一條滿是表情符號的短信，也不愿意打電話？或許有一天，人們會選擇用圖片來交流，忘記怎樣正確書寫。到那一天，表情符號將成為真正的圖畫“語言”。但是現在，或許我們最好還是享受使用它們的樂趣吧！
Period 4
核心詞匯
1．①be emphasised　②emphasis　③a．We can not emphasise the importance of protecting our eyes too much．　b．We can not put/lay/place emphasis on the importance protecting our eyes too much．
2．①down　②up　③into　④tore　⑤tearing my heart out
3．①in　②for　③in favour of the proposal
4．①set out　②figure out/work out　③leave out　④figure out why you fail
句法句式
①causing　②to be told　③leading to a great increase in production
詞塊積累
P381．a shopping mall　2．tear down　3．remove the wooden stands　4．clear away　5．in favour of
P391．do an interview face to face　2．edit news　3．release news　4．reform and opening up　5．start out　6．pave the way　7．a fully modernised socialist country　8．a Western industrialised country　9．break new ground　10．share the fruits of　11．what's more　12．the Belt and Road Initiative　13．a new dawn　14．lead into a new era of prosperity
P401．a centre of technology　2．form a solid basis　3．without doubt　4．undergo changes　5．the introduction of a policy　6．a special economic zone
單元語法
[即時訓練1]
①A meeting was being held by them when I arrived there．　②His car was not being repaired when I came in．　③Who was being questioned by the policeman at that time
[即時訓練2]
①was being repaired　②was being fixed　③was being rebuilt　④was being painted　⑤was being looked
鞏固落實
1．was being pulled　2．was being cut　3．was being destroyed　4．were being cleaned　5．was being carried
1/1(共56張PPT)
Period 4　
Unit 3　Times change!
主題語境 人與社會—— 科技發展與信息技術創新
課時學案 單元語法講練(Using language)
(1)emphasise the importance of... 強調……的重要性；重視……
(2)emphasis n． 強調；重視；重要性
put/lay/place emphasis on... 強調/重視……
1．emphasise v．強調
[即學即練]——單句語法填空/一句多譯
①(應用文之通知) It should _____________ (emphasise) that everyone should come before the deadline．
②The _________ (emphasise) is very much on learning the spoken language．
be emphasised
emphasis
③我們再怎么強調保護眼睛的重要性也不為過。
a．________________________________________________________(emphasise)
b．____________________________________________________________________________(emphasis)
We can not emphasise the importance of protecting our eyes too much．
We can not put/lay/place emphasis on the importance protecting our eyes too much．
tear up 撕碎；撕毀(文件等)
tear...into/to pieces 把……撕成碎片
tear...in half/into halves 把……撕成兩半
tear apart 使四分五裂；使(關系密切的人)分離/分開
tear one's heart out 使某人心如刀絞/傷心欲絕
2．tear down拆毀；拆除
[即學即練]——單句語法填空/完成句子
①We're planning to tear _____ the wall between the kitchen and the dining room．
②He told the lawyer to tear __ the old contract and to prepare a new one．
③If you tear the paper ____ halves，we can each have something to write on．
down
up
into
④(讀后續寫之動作描寫)He ____ (tear) apart the two tickets and handed one to me．
⑤(讀后續寫之情感描寫)想到那些貧窮、饑餓的孩子，我心如刀絞。
The thought of those poor，hungry children was _________________．
tore
tearing my heart out
ask sb．a favour＝ask a favour of sb． 請某人幫忙
do sb．a favour＝do a favour for sb． 幫某人一個忙
in one's favour 對某人有利
3．in favour of支持；贊成
[即學即練]——單句語法填空/同義句轉換
①This candidate has a lot __ her favour，especially her experience of teaching．
②(應用文之求助信)I want to tell you something about my plan for the summer vacation and I'd like you to do a favour ___ me．
③Only a quarter of the students were for the proposal while a half of them were against it．
→Only a quarter of the students were _____________________ while a half of them were against it．
in
for
in favour of the proposal
break out 爆發
leave out 遺漏，不包括
pick out 精心挑選；辨別出；認出來
work out 計算出；解決；鍛煉身體
give out 用完，耗盡；分發；發出，放出(光、熱等)
set out 出發，動身
4．figure out想出；弄懂，弄清楚，弄明白；計算出
[即學即練]——用“動詞＋out”短語填空/完成句子
①They ______ for the local supermarket together and bought some paper bags for popcorn．
②It is difficult to ___________________ a global population of polar bears as much of the range has been poorly studied．
③The teacher stressed again that the students should not ________ any important details while retelling the story．
④不必為失敗氣餒，但你要弄清楚失敗的原因。
There is no need to be discouraged by failure，but you ought to ____________________．
set out
figure out/work out
leave out
figure out why you fail
(教材P39)It has allowed China to accomplish in just four decades what took Western industrialised countries more than 200 years to achieve，breaking new ground in the history of human achievement．
它使中國用了僅僅四十年的時間就取得了西方工業化國家200多年才取得的成就，這在人類成就史上是具有開創性的。
動詞-ing形式短語作結果狀語
(1)“breaking...achievement”是動詞-ing形式短語作結果狀語。
(2)動詞-ing形式(短語)作結果狀語的用法：
①語法含義：多表示意料之中的、自然而然的結果，動詞-ing形式(短語)前可加thus 以示強調。
②邏輯主語：多為句子的主語或動詞-ing形式(短語)前的整個句子，其邏輯主語與構成動詞-ing形式的動詞之間通常為主謂關系。
③時態特征：動詞-ing形式表示的動作發生在謂語動詞所表示的動作之后，因此動詞-ing形式只用一般式。
[即學即練]——單句語法填空/同義句轉換
①It rained heavily，thus _______ (cause) terrible flooding in the area．
②We hurried to the hotel，only ________ (tell) that the meeting had been put off because of the bad weather．
③Muchadvancedtechnologyhasbeen
introduced to the company，so that there is a great increase in production．
→Much advanced technology has been introduced to the company，___________________________________．
causing
to be told
leading to a great increase in production
[溫馨提示]　
動詞-ing形式 (短語) 表示正常出現的、自然而然的或意料之中的結果。
不定式(短語) 多表示出乎意料的結果或不好的結果，其前可加only表示強調。
P38
1．______________ 一個大型購物廣場/中心
2．_________ 拆毀；拆除
3．_______________________ 清除木制攤位
4．__________ 把……清除掉
5．__________ 支持；贊成；贊同
a shopping mall
tear down
remove the wooden stands
clear away
in favour of
P39
1．________________________ 進行一次面對面采訪
2．_________ 編輯新聞
3．____________ 發布新聞
4．_____________________ 改革開放
5．________ 開始從事；著手(某工作)
6．___________ 鋪平道路；創造條件
do an interview face to face
edit news
release news
reform and opening-up
start out
pave the way
7．______________________________ 一個全面現代化社會主義國家
8．______________________________ 一個西方工業化國家
9．_______________ 開拓創新；有所發現
10．________________ 分享……的成果
11．_____________ 還有；而且；更重要的是；更有甚者
12．________________________ “一帶一路”倡議
13．__________ 一個新開端
14．____________________________ 通向一個繁榮的新時代
a fully-modernised socialist country
a Western industrialised country
break new ground
share the fruits of
what's more
the Belt and Road Initiative
a new dawn
lead into a new era of prosperity
P40
1．___________________ 一個技術中心
2．________________ 奠定堅實的基礎
3．_____________ 毫無疑問；的確
4．______________ 經歷變化
5．________________________ 一項政策的采用/推行
6．_____________________ 一個經濟特區
a centre of technology
form a solid basis
without doubt
undergo changes
the introduction of a policy
a special economic zone
過去進行時的被動語態
1．定義
過去進行時的被動語態表示過去某個時刻正在進行或者發生的被動動作。謂語動詞的主語是動作的承受者而不是發出者。
The goods were being uploaded when we arrived at the airport．
當我們到達機場時，貨物正在被裝載。
2．構成
(1)肯定句：主語＋was/were＋being＋及物動詞的過去分詞(＋by＋動作的執行者)
Another bridge was being built over the Yangtze River then．
那時長江上正在建造另一座大橋。
(2)否定句：主語＋was/were＋not＋being＋及物動詞的過去分詞(＋by＋動作的執行者)
The TV set was not being fixed by him this time yesterday．
昨天這個時候他沒有在修理電視機。
(3)一般疑問句：Was/Were＋主語＋being＋及物動詞的過去分詞(＋by＋動作的執行者)
Was a new library being put up in their school just then
他們學校當時正在建一座新圖書館嗎？
(4)特殊疑問句：疑問詞＋was/were＋主語＋being＋及物動詞的過去分詞(＋by＋動作的執行者)
What was being done to the machine then
那時正在對這臺機器采取什么措施？
[即時訓練1]——句型轉換
①They were holding a meeting when I arrived there．
→___________________________________________________ (被動語態)
②His car was being repaired when I came in．
→___________________________________________ (否定句)
③The man was being questioned by the policeman at that time．
→______________________________________________ (對The man進行提問)
A meeting was being held by them when I arrived there．
His car was not being repaired when I came in．
Who was being questioned by the policeman at that time
3．基本用法
(1)表示過去某個時刻或某段時間正在進行的被動動作。常用的時間狀語有at that time，at five yesterday，this time yesterday，the whole morning等。
Trees were being planted by them at this time yesterday．
昨天這個時候他們正在植樹。
You were being expected by them yesterday，but you didn't turn up．
昨天他們一直在等你，可你沒有來。
(2)用于條件或時間狀語從句中，代替過去將來時的被動語態。
She told me that I would have to go instead of her if she was being held back by something．
她告訴我如果她被什么事給耽擱了，那么我就得替她去。
(3)表示過去某時刻按計劃、安排將要發生的被動動作。
The host said that some rock music was being played by them next．
主持人說下面將由他們演奏一些搖滾音樂。
[溫馨提示]　過去進行時的被動語態與一般過去時的被動語態的區別：過去進行時的被動語態強調動作發生的過程，一般過去時的被動語態強調動作的結果。
Several patients were being treated in the local hospital then．(表示被動、正在進行的動作)
當時有幾個病人正在當地的醫院接受治療。
Several patients were treated in the local hospital then．(表示過去發生的動作)
當時有幾個病人在當地的醫院接受治療。
[即時訓練2]——單句語法填空
①Mr Smith had to go to work by bus this morning as his car _________________(repair)．
②The students' attention ______________(fix) on their study when all the lights went out．
③They were living with their grandparents last month because their own house ________________(rebuild)．
was being repaired
was being fixed
was being rebuilt
④When we visited my grandparents last weekend，their new house ________________ (paint)．
⑤The lost girl _______________ (look) for everywhere by her parents and policemen when she suddenly appeared in the park．
was being painted
was being looked
短文語境填空
I heard that the school where I once studied would be rebuilt，so I went there quickly．When I got there，the gate of the school 1．_______________ (pull) down．I was heartbroken．The big tree in the garden 2．____________ (cut) down by some workers．The teaching building 3．__________________ (destroy) by forklifts(鏟車)．Bricks 4．_________________(clean) up and garbage 5．________________ (carry) away by trucks．
was being pulled
was being cut
was being destroyed
were being cleaned
was being carried
①emoji n．表情符號
②cafeteria n．自助餐廳
③run late 晚了
run early/on time早了/準時
課下預習 第二篇課文(Developing ideas)
④an attempt to do...做……的嘗試/企圖
attempt n．& vt．試圖，嘗試
at the first attempt第一次嘗試
attempt to do sth．試圖做某事
⑤follow the trend of...追隨……的潮流
trend n．趨勢，趨向
a downward/an upward trend in...在……方面下滑/上升的趨勢
⑥an integral component一個不可缺少的組成部分
integral adj．不可缺少的
component n．組成部分
a key/vital component一個重要的/至關重要的組成部分
⑦express oneself表達自我/表達自己的思想感情
⑧symbol n．符號；標志；象征
sign n．符號；記號
symbolise v．象征，是……的象征
symbolic adj．象征性的
⑨come in different categories有不同的種類
come [熟詞生義]v．有(貨)；可提供
come in...有……
category n．類別
⑩be limited to被限制在……
limit v．限制，限定
expand upon詳述，充分敘述
the word of the year年度熱詞
the man/woman of the year年度最優秀人物
pictograph n．象形圖
have advantages over比……有優勢
emotional adj．情緒(上)的，情感(上)的
emotion n．情感，情緒
gesture n．手勢，姿勢
facial expression面部表情
facial adj．臉上的；面部的
a string of 一串
separation n．分開，分離；離別
separate v．(使)分離，分散
separate A from/and B把A與B分開
spread to蔓延至，擴散到
textspeak n．短信簡寫語
intention n．意圖，目的
adaptation n．改編版
accessible adj．容易理解的，易懂的；易接近的
take away拿走，帶走，使消失
heart and soul精髓；全心全意
soul n．精神
have a tendency to do sth．有做某事的趨勢
tendency n．趨勢，傾向
facilitate v．促進；使便利
facilitation n．簡易化，簡便化，促進
educator n．教育工作者
pictorial adj．圖畫的
Emojis①：a new language
[1]While waiting outside the cafeteria②，I received the following message from my friend：
[1]此處是時間狀語從句“While I was waiting outside the cafeteria”的省略形式。
It took me a minute before I realised what it meant．The signs he used were to say that he'd be running late③ and would be there soon．Instead of replying with a simple “OK，don't rush”， I searched for emojis on my phone that would express the same message：
This was my attempt to④ follow the trend of⑤ communicating with emojis．Emojis are used everywhere，from text messages to emails，blogs and other social media networks．With the rapid development of social media，emojis are becoming an integral component⑥ of the language we use to express ourselves⑦．
The word “emoji” comes from Japanese，literally meaning “picture character”．Emojis are small symbols⑧ representing ideas，emotions or feelings．They come in different categories⑨， such as faces and people，plants and animals，and food and drink．
When first introduced in Japan in 1999，emojis were limited to⑩ 176 simple designs．[2]Now there are more than 3，000 emojis that expand upon the way in which we communicate． Due to their popularity，the Oxford Dictionaries Word of the Year in 2015 was，for the first time ever，a pictograph instead of a traditional word．
[2]本句是主從復合句。that引導限制性定語從句，修飾先行詞more than 3，000 emojis，該從句中的in which引導限制性定語從句，修飾先行詞the way。
In today's world，emojis have become more and more popular．It seems that emojis have clear advantages over written language．[3]People like them because they add emotional meaning，and are quick and easy to use．In fact，this is similar to the gestures we use when we speak．[4]With a smiling or sad face added to a message or post，your reader can “see” your facial expression while reading your words．Emojis can also help people express their feelings when they cannot find the appropriate words．For instance，if your friend is moving across the country，you may just send them a string of crying faces to express your sadness over your separation ．
[3]本句是主從復合句。because引導原因狀語從句，該從句中的are quick and easy to use是“be＋adj．＋動詞不定式”結構，不定式用主動形式表示被動意義。
[4]“With a...added to a message or post”是with復合結構，賓補由過去分詞短語充當，face與add之間為邏輯上的動賓關系。while reading your words是時間狀語從句的省略形式。
The use of emojis has even spread to classical literature．A Shakespeare series for young readers has taken William Shakespeare's popular plays and replaced some words with textspeak and emojis．The intention of these adaptations is to make the classics more accessible to young readers．Some people，however，believe that these new versions have taken away the heart and soul of Shakespeare's plays．
As we can see，emojis have a tendency to pop up all over the place．Users of emojis say that they facilitate the way in which we communicate and express ourselves．[5]But this makes others，especially educators ，worry that we are losing the ability to communicate properly using the written word，or even the spoken word．[6]After all，how many of us today would rather send a message packed with emojis than make a telephone call Perhaps people will one day choose to communicate in pictures，and forget how to write properly．On that day，emojis [7] will have become a real pictorial “language”．But，for now，maybe it's best that we just enjoy using them．
[5]本句是主從復合句。“makes others，especially educators，worry that...”屬于“make＋賓語＋賓補”結構，賓補由不帶to的不定式短語充當，that在句中引導賓語從句。
[6]本句中包含“would rather do sth．than do sth．”結構，意為“寧愿做某事而不愿做某事”。
[7]此處用將來完成時表示在將來某個時間已經完成的動作。
表情符號：一門新語言？
在自助餐廳外等待的時候，我收到了朋友發來的消息：
我花了一分鐘才理解這條消息的意思。這些符號是想說他要遲到了，會盡快過來。我沒有簡單地回復“好，別著急”，而是從手機上搜索了幾個表達相同意思的表情符號：
這是我追隨使用表情符號交流這一潮流的一次嘗試。表情符號無處不在，從短信到電子郵件、博客以及其他社交媒體網絡都會使用表情符號。隨著社交媒體的飛速發展，表情符號正在成為我們用于表達自我的語言不可或缺的一部分。
“emoji”一詞源于日語，字面意思是“圖畫文字”。表情符號是表示想法、情緒或感受的小圖標。它們可分為不同類別，比如面部表情和人物、動植物、食品飲料等。
1999年，表情符號首次在日本推出，當時只有176個簡單的圖案。但現在我們能使用3 000多個表情符號來拓寬我們的交流渠道。由于表情符號的風靡，牛津詞典2015年的年度熱詞是 ，這是圖畫文字首次替代了傳統意義上的單詞。
在當今世界，表情符號越來越受歡迎。表情符號似乎比書面語言更具明顯優勢。人們喜歡它們，因為它們增添了語言的情感含義，使用方便快捷。事實上，這就像我們說話時用的手勢一樣。當在信息或帖子中加一個微笑表情或悲傷表情時，你的讀者在讀你寫的內容時就能“看到”你的面部表情。表情符號還能幫助人們在找不到合適的詞匯時表達他們的感受。舉個例子，假如你的朋友將要搬去另一個國家，你可以發給他們一串哭臉，來表達自己對于你們將要分離的憂傷之情。
表情符號的使用甚至蔓延到經典文學之中。一套為年輕讀者寫的、內容取材于威廉·莎士比亞流行戲劇的系列叢書，就把書中一些詞語更換為了短信簡寫語和表情符號。這些改寫的目的是使經典著作更容易被年輕讀者接受。然而，也有人認為這些新版本剝奪了莎士比亞戲劇的精髓。
正如我們所見，表情符號的趨勢是變得越來越隨處可見。表情符號的使用者聲稱它們更便于我們溝通交流、表達自我。但是這使得一些人，尤其是教育工作者，擔心我們正在失去使用書面語甚至口語來正確溝通的能力。畢竟，現如今，我們當中有多少人寧愿發送一條滿是表情符號的短信，也不愿意打電話？或許有一天，人們會選擇用圖片來交流，忘記怎樣正確書寫。到那一天，表情符號將成為真正的圖畫“語言”。但是現在，或許我們最好還是享受使用它們的樂趣吧！
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