資源簡介

Period 4　 單元語法講練(Using language)
1．appropriate adj．恰當的，合適的
(1)be appropriate for/to 適合……
It is appropriate (for sb．) to do sth． (對某人來說)做某事是合適的。
It is appropriate that．．． ……是合適的。
(2)appropriately adv． 恰當地，適當地
inappropriate adj． 不適當的，不合適的
[即學即練]——單句語法填空/句型轉換
①The most crucial thing is using body language in a way that is appropriate________the culture you are in．
②Bad customs ought to be abolished，since they are________(appropriate) for the development of society．
③It was a challenging and demanding job，but somehow he managed it________(appropriate)．
④It is appropriate for us to do small things in our routine life to protect our oceans．
→It________________________do small things in our routine life to protect our oceans．(It is appropriate that．．．)
2．considerate adj．替他人著想的；考慮周到的；體貼的
(1)be considerate to/towards．．． 對……體貼的
It is considerate of sb．to do sth． 某人做某事是考慮周到的
(2)consider v． 考慮；認為；體諒
considerable adj． 相當多(或大)的
consideration n． 考慮；體貼
[即學即練]——單句語法填空/完成句子
①What made her succeed later on was the kindness and________(consider) she showed to all her patients．
②It was considerate of you not___________(play) the piano while I was sleeping．
③(應用文之人物介紹)她對別人很體貼，所以大家都和她相處得很好。
She_______________________________others that everyone gets on well with her．
3．promote v．促進，增進；提升，晉升；推廣，促銷(商品等)
(1)promote sb．(from sth．) to sth． 把某人(從某職位)提拔到某職位
get promoted 升職
(2)promotion n． 提拔，晉升；晉級；促進
[即學即練]——單句語法填空/完成句子
①While waiting for the opportunity to get_________(promote)，Henry did his best to perform his duty．
②He got rapid________(promote) because of his good attitude towards work，and ended up as a manager．
③ He worked so hard that he was promoted_________general manager of the company．
④(應用文之活動介紹)登山不僅使我們親近大自然，還增進了我們之間的友誼。
Not only_________________________， but______________________among us．
P22
1．___________ 翻開嶄新的一頁；悔過自新
2．___________ 趕上截止日期
3．___________ 推遲；延期
4．___________ 待辦事項清單；任務單
5．___________ 困難的事情
P23
___________ 當眾；公開地
P24
1．___________ 穿上；戴上
2．___________ 傳播疾病
3．___________ 朝某人走去
4．___________ 垃圾箱
5．___________ 為某人著想
6．___________ 面臨；面對
7．___________ 推進價值觀教育
8．___________ 想出，提出(計劃，想法等)
9．___________ 首先
10．___________ 一次無人監考測試
11．___________ 參加考試
12．___________ 簽承諾書
P25
1．___________ 完好無損的
2．___________ 創建誠信文化
3．___________ 參與；卷入；(與……)有關聯
4．___________ 以……為例
5．___________ 換句話說；換個說法
過去完成時的被動語態
1．概念：過去完成時的被動語態表示動作在過去某一時刻或某個動作以前已經發生或完成了的動作，且主語與謂語動詞存在被動關系。
2．構成
(1)肯定結構：主語＋had been done
(2)否定結構：主語＋had not been done
(3)疑問句結構：
Had＋主語＋been done．．．
疑問詞＋had＋主語＋been done
3．用法
(1)在told，said，knew，heard，thought等動詞后的賓語從句中，表示從句中的動作已被完成，用過去完成時的被動語態。
They said the production costs had been reduced．
他們說生產成本已經降低了。
(2)當by the time，before，until，when等引導的時間狀語從句用的是一般過去時，且主句謂語表示的動作在從句的動作以前已經被完成時，用過去完成時的被動語態。
By the time he got to the school，the first
period had been finished．
他到學校時，第一節課已經結束了。
How many buildings had been destroyed when the hurricane ended
颶風結束時有多少建筑物被毀？
(3)在“It was the first/second/．．．time＋that從句”句型中，當從句主語為動作的承受者時，從句用過去完成時的被動語態，表示“……第幾次被……”。
It was the first time that he had ever been awarded．
這是他第一次獲獎。
(4)在虛擬條件句中，表示與過去事實相反，當主語是動作的承受者時，用過去完成時的被動語態。
If the AI robot had been invented earlier，the production efficiency would have been improved．
如果早一些發明人工智能機器人，生產效率就會提高了。
(5)在“Hardly/Scarcely had．．．when．．．”和“No sooner had．．．than．．．”句型中，當主句主語是動作的承受者時，主句用過去完成時的被動語態，表示“一……就……”。
Hardly had the front door been opened when we could smell the gas．
一打開前門，我們就聞到了煤氣的味道。
[即時訓練]——完成句子
①這不是他第一次因志愿工作而受到表揚。
It was not the first time that______________________________．
②這女孩一被送回家就向她母親跑去。
Hardly________________________when she ran to her mother．
③在我們實施這項計劃之前，同學們就提出了不同的想法。
Before we carried out the plan，______________________________by our classmates．
④到20世紀70年代，在這個地區發現了100多個新物種。
By the 1970s，more than 100 new species__________________________．
短文語境填空
I still remember last winter when I woke up in the morning，it 1．___________ (stop) snowing．Looking outside of the window，the snow on our lawn 2．____________(clean) by my father．I closed the book that 3．___________(borrow) from the local library and went downstairs for breakfast．Then my little brother came to tell me that all his homework 4．________________(finish)．During the breakfast，one of my best friends 5．__________(come) to visit my family．She went to Australia last year．Before that she 6．___________ (prepare) for the examination of the University of Sydney for half a year．During her study，she 7．___________ (learn) the culture and professional knowledge in her field．By the end of last fall，a novel about Maori 8．________________(finish) by her．When she was in Australia，together with her friends and classmates，she 9．___________ (plan) to donate some money for the poor and the weak in China．So after her return，she went to Garze Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture to help the people in need．In total，100 people 10．________________(help) by her team by the end of last October．
第二篇課文(Developing ideas)
①values n．是非標準，生活準則，價值觀
moral values 道德信條
②spending power消費能力
③vary from person to person因人而異
④be faced with 面臨，面對
⑤headline n．媒體報道的熱門話題；標題
hit/make the headlines 成為頭條新聞
⑥see v．[熟詞生義] 為……發生的時間/地點
⑦max out (錢)花光；(信用卡)刷爆
⑧in contrast to與……形成對比
⑨spender n．花錢……的人
a big spender 花錢大手大腳的人
⑩barrier n．障礙，阻力
a barrier to (doing) sth．(做)某事的障礙(to為介詞)
district n．地區，區域
necessity n．必需品
a basic necessity of life 一件基本生活必需品
toothpaste n．牙膏
soap n．肥皂
a bar/piece of soap 一條/一塊肥皂
soap bubbles 肥皂泡
soap opera 肥皂劇
pocket money 零花錢
crowd funding眾籌
item n．一件商品(或物品)
a little bit 稍微，有點兒
on doing．．．一……就……
unprecedentedly adv．空前地
unprecedented adj．前所未有的，空前的，沒有先例的
take courses 修讀課程
personal finances (個人的)財務管理
finance n．財務
financial adj．財務的，金融的
at hand(在時間或距離上)接近
method of doing sth．做某事的方法
jar n．(玻璃)罐子，廣口瓶
invest v．投資
invest in．．． 投資……
investment n．投資
in control of 掌管，控制
more than不僅僅，不只是
lifelong adj．終身的
a lifelong friend一位終生的朋友
be responsible for 為……負責
the here and now現在，當下
vision n．構想，設想
involve doing sth．包括做某事
be up to sb．取決于某人
likewise adv．同樣地；相似地
put aside 儲存，保留
help out 幫助(某人)擺脫(困境)
an animal charity 動物慈善機構
cause n．[熟詞生義](支持或為之奮斗的)事業，目標，思想
a good cause 崇高的事業
believe in 相信
wide adj．[熟詞生義]一般的，廣泛的(僅用于比較級或最高級)
objectively adv．客觀地
[反義詞] subjectively adv．主觀地
if you like換句話說，可以說(在句中作插入語)
the valuable 珍貴的東西
“the＋adj．”指一類人或物。
equip v．使有知識和技能，使能夠勝任
equip sb．to do sth．使某人有能力做某事
informed adj．有學問的，有見識的
an informed choice/decision/guess/opinion有依據的選擇/決定/猜測/看法
Valuable Values①
The spending power② of young people varies from person to person③．Each，however，is faced with④ the same question: [1]what to do with their money Some handle this less well than others． Recent headlines⑤ have seen⑥ [2]more and more teens maxing out⑦ their parents' credit cards on games or other online activities．
[1]此處是“疑問詞＋動詞不定式”結構，作question的同位語。
[2]此處是動詞 ing形式短語的復合結構，作賓語。
In contrast to⑧ these big spenders⑨， there are also teens that prove age is no barrier⑩ to making good use of money． With the help of her grandmother，eight year old Khloe Thompson started making “Kare Bags” for the homeless people in her district ． [3]Inside the bags are necessities such as toothpaste ， soap and socks，bought first with her pocket money and then through crowd funding ． These items helped to [4] make the lives of poor and homeless people a little bit easier．On receiving a Kare Bag，one woman said，“You [5]make me feel like a human being．”
[3]本句是全部倒裝。主語過長，表語過短，故句子運用了倒裝。過去分詞短語“bought first．．．crowd funding”作后置定語，修飾necessities。
[4]此處是“make＋賓語＋賓語補足語”結構，形容詞短語a little bit easier作賓語補足語。
[5]此處是“make＋賓語＋賓語補足語”結構，不帶to的不定式短語feel like a human being作賓語補足語。
[6]However people intend to use their money，managing it seems to be unprecedentedly important to younger generations．A 2016 study said 17 states of the US require high school students to take courses in personal finances ． For those who have no access to courses，help might be at hand thanks to Jerry Witkovsky and his method of using four jars to teach teenagers how to spend their money wisely．
[6]本句是主從復合句。however引導讓步狀語從句，可替換為no matter how；主句中動詞 ing形式短語managing it作主語，謂語動詞用第三人稱單數形式。
When Jerry's grandchildren turned 13，his present to each of them was three jars: one for Spending，one for Saving，and another for Giving—he has since added a fourth jar for Investing ．[7]It was from then on that his grandchildren started to be in control of what to do with the money they receive: spend，save，invest or give Jerry's birthday present to his grandchildren is，however，much more than money and a few jars—he is giving them the opportunity [8]to learn lifelong values．
[7]本句是強調句型，強調的是時間狀語from then on; they receive是省略了關系代詞that/which的限制性定語從句，修飾先行詞the money。
[8]不定式短語作后置定語，修飾the opportunity。
[9]The value taught with the Spending jar is that you are responsible for your own happiness．Money gives you independence and the opportunity to buy something you like．[10]After all，it's OK to be nice to yourself!
[9]本句是主從復合句。that引導表語從句，過去分詞短語taught with the Spending jar作后置定語，修飾the value。
[10]句子主干是“it's＋adj．＋動詞不定式”結構，it作形式主語，真正的主語是動詞不定式短語to be nice to yourself。
[11]While the Spending jar is about the here and now ，the Saving jar gives you a vision for the future． This could involve saving for university，but it could also　mean saving for that special something you've seen in the stores—it's up to you ．
[11]while在此作并列連詞，表示對比，意為“而，然而”。
The Investing jar not only represents a vision for the future，but gives the opportunity to build for the future．[12]Although this could likewise involve putting aside money for your university education，it also means investing in yourself．
[12]本句是主從復合句。although引導讓步狀語從句。
The Giving jar is all about kindness and helping． [13] Whether you want to help out a friend，give money to an animal charity __or to children in another country，it's your money to give to whatever cause you believe in ．
[13]本句是主從復合句。Whether．．．country是“whether．．．or．．．”引導的讓步狀語從句；you believe in是省略了關系代詞that/which的限制性定語從句。
[14]The wider aim of the jars is to encourage teenagers to think more objectively about money and the things that it can do，so that they grow up understanding, if you like ，the value of the valuable ． In this way，they will be better equipped in their adult lives to make informed choices about [15]how they use the money they have． Indeed，the small change inside their jars could mean a big change in how they manage their money．
[14]本句是主從復合句。so that引導目的狀語從句，在該從句中動詞 ing形式短語“understanding．．．the valuable”作伴隨狀語，if you like作插入語。目的狀語從句對應的主句中不定式短語“to encourage．．．”作表語，定語從句that it can do修飾先行詞the things。
[15]how引導賓語從句；they have是省略了關系代詞that/which的限制性定語從句，修飾先行詞the money。
　　珍貴的價值
年輕人的消費能力因人而異。然而，每個人都面臨一個同樣的問題：該如何對待自己的錢？有些人并不那么擅長理財。最近的新聞頭條中報道了越來越多的青少年刷爆了父母的信用卡，將錢肆意揮霍在網絡游戲或其他網絡活動中。__
與這些花錢大手大腳的人相比，也有一些青少年證明了年齡并非善于利用金錢的障礙。年僅八歲的科洛·湯普森在祖母的幫助下，開始為她所在區的流浪者們制作“愛心包包”。包里面裝著一些生活必需品，比如牙膏、肥皂和襪子等。最初購買這些物品用的都是她自己的零花錢，后來則是通過眾籌。這些物品讓貧窮和無家可歸的人生活得稍微輕松了一些。在收到“愛心包包”時，一位女士說：“你讓我覺得自己活得像個人。”
無論人們打算怎樣使用自己的錢，理財對于年輕一代來說似乎變得前所未有地重要。2016年的一項研究表明，美國有17個州要求高中生修個人理財的課程。對于那些無法接觸理財課程的人來說，多虧杰里·維特科夫斯基和他的理財方法——他用四個罐子教青少年如何智慧理財。
當杰里的孫子孫女們年滿13歲時，杰里給他們每個人的禮物都是三個罐子：一個用于消費，一個用于儲蓄，另一個用于給予——之后他還增加了第四個罐子，用于投資。從那時起，他的孫子孫女們就開始自己掌控如何處理所得的錢：用于消費、儲蓄、投資還是給予他人？然而，杰里送他們生日禮物的價值遠遠不止金錢和這幾個罐子——他為他們提供了終身樹立正確價值觀的機會。
“消費”罐子傳遞的價值是，你要為自己的幸福負責。金錢讓你獨立，并給你購買自己所愛之物的機會。畢竟，對自己好一點是可以的！
“消費”罐子關注的是眼前和當下，而“儲蓄”罐子則為你提供了未來的愿景。它可以是為大學教育準備的存款，也可以是為自己在商店里看到的心儀之物而攢的錢——這都取決于你。
“投資”罐子不僅代表著對未來的愿景，還為未來的發展提供了機會。雖然它同樣包括為大學教育而把錢存起來，但它同時還意味著對自身的投資。
“給予”罐子其實就是指善良與幫助。無論你是想要接濟朋友，為動物慈善機構捐款，或是救助另一個國家的孩子，這都是你的錢，你可以把它捐給任何你相信的事業。
介紹這四個罐子，更深遠的目的在于鼓勵青少年以一種更客觀的方式思考金錢以及用錢能做的事情，讓他們在成長的過程中逐漸理解重要事物的真正價值。這樣，他們在步入成人社會時才會更加得心應手，并且能夠對如何管理金錢做出明智的選擇。事實上，他們罐子中的細微變化可能意味著日后他們理財方式的巨大變化。
Period 4
核心詞匯
1．①for/to　②inappropriate　③appropriately　④is appropriate that we (should)
2．①consideration　②to play　③is so considerate to/towards
3．①promoted　②promotion　③to　④did the mountain climbing get us close to nature；it (also) promoted the friendship
詞塊積累
P221．turn over a new leaf　2．meet a deadline　3．put off　4．a to do list　5．the hard stuff
P23in public
P241．put on　2．spread diseases　3．go up to sb．　4．a rubbish bin　5．be considerate of sb．　6．be faced with　7．promote values education　8．come up with　9．to begin with　10．an unsupervised examination　11．take an examination　12．sign a letter of commitment
P251．in one piece　2．build a culture of honesty　3．get/be involved (in/with)　4．take．．． as an illustration　5．to put (it) another way
單元語法
[即時訓練]
①he had been praised for his voluntary work　②had the girl been sent home　③various ideas had been put forward　④had been found in this area
鞏固落實
1．had stopped　2．had been cleaned　3．had been borrowed　4．had been finished　5．came　6．had prepared　7．had learned　8．had been finished　9．had planned　10．had been helped
1/1(共55張PPT)
Period 4　
Unit 2　Improving yourself
主題語境 人與自我—— 認識自我、豐富自我、完善自我
課時學案 單元語法講練(Using language)
(1)be appropriate for/to 適合……
It is appropriate (for sb．) to do sth． (對某人來說)做某事是合適的。
It is appropriate that... ……是合適的。
(2)appropriately adv． 恰當地，適當地
inappropriate adj． 不適當的，不合適的
1．appropriate adj．恰當的，合適的
[即學即練]——單句語法填空/句型轉換
①The most crucial thing is using body language in a way that is appropriate _______ the culture you are in．
②Bad customs ought to be abolished，since they are _______________
(appropriate) for the development of society．
③It was a challenging and demanding job，but somehow he managed it _____________(appropriate)．
for/to
inappropriate
appropriately
④It is appropriate for us to do small things in our routine life to protect our oceans．
→It ______________________________ do small things in our routine life to protect our oceans．(It is appropriate that...)
is appropriate that we (should)
(1)be considerate to/towards... 對……體貼的
It is considerate of sb．to do sth． 某人做某事是考慮周到的
(2)consider v． 考慮；認為；體諒
considerable adj． 相當多(或大)的
consideration n． 考慮；體貼
2．considerate adj．替他人著想的；考慮周到的；體貼的
[即學即練]——單句語法填空/完成句子
①What made her succeed later on was the kindness and _____________
(consider) she showed to all her patients．
②It was considerate of you not ______ (play) the piano while I was sleeping．
③(應用文之人物介紹)她對別人很體貼，所以大家都和她相處得很好。
She ___________________________ others that everyone gets on well with her．
consideration
to play
is so considerate to/towards
(1)promote sb．(from sth．) to sth． 把某人(從某職位)提拔到某職位
get promoted 升職
(2)promotion n． 提拔，晉升；晉級；促進
3．promote v．促進，增進；提升，晉升；推廣，促銷(商品等)
[即學即練]——單句語法填空/完成句子
①While waiting for the opportunity to get _________ (promote)，Henry did his best to perform his duty．
②He got rapid __________(promote) because of his good attitude towards work，and ended up as a manager．
③He worked so hard that he was promoted __ general manager of the company．
promoted
promotion
to
④(應用文之活動介紹)登山不僅使我們親近大自然，還增進了我們之間的友誼。
Not only _________________________________________________，
but ________________________________ among us．
did the mountain climbing get us close to nature
it (also) promoted the friendship
P22
1．_________________ 翻開嶄新的一頁；悔過自新
2．______________ 趕上截止日期
3．______ 推遲；延期
4．___________ 待辦事項清單；任務單
5．____________ 困難的事情
turn over a new leaf
meet a deadline
put off
a to-do list
the hard stuff
P23
________ 當眾；公開地
P24
1．_____ 穿上；戴上
2．______________ 傳播疾病
3．__________ 朝某人走去
4．___________ 垃圾箱
in public
put on
spread diseases
go up to sb．
a rubbish bin
5．___________________ 為某人著想
6．____________ 面臨；面對
7．_______________________ 推進價值觀教育
8．____________ 想出，提出(計劃，想法等)
9．____________ 首先
10．__________________________ 一次無人監考測試
11．__________________ 參加考試
12．__________________________ 簽承諾書
be considerate of sb．
be faced with
promote values education
come up with
to begin with
an unsupervised examination
take an examination
sign a letter of commitment
P25
1．__________ 完好無損的
2．______________________ 創建誠信文化
3．______________________ 參與；卷入；(與……)有關聯
4．____________________以……為例
5．______________________ 換句話說；換個說法
in one piece
build a culture of honesty
get/be involved (in/with)
take... as an illustration
to put (it) another way
過去完成時的被動語態
1．概念：過去完成時的被動語態表示動作在過去某一時刻或某個動作以前已經發生或完成了的動作，且主語與謂語動詞存在被動關系。
2．構成
(1)肯定結構：主語＋had been done
(2)否定結構：主語＋had not been done
(3)疑問句結構：
3．用法
(1)在told，said，knew，heard，thought等動詞后的賓語從句中，表示從句中的動作已被完成，用過去完成時的被動語態。
They said the production costs had been reduced．
他們說生產成本已經降低了。
(2)當by the time，before，until，when等引導的時間狀語從句用的是一般過去時，且主句謂語表示的動作在從句的動作以前已經被完成時，用過去完成時的被動語態。
By the time he got to the school，the first period had been finished．
他到學校時，第一節課已經結束了。
How many buildings had been destroyed when the hurricane ended
颶風結束時有多少建筑物被毀？
(3)在“It was the first/second/...time＋that從句”句型中，當從句主語為動作的承受者時，從句用過去完成時的被動語態，表示“……第幾次被……”。
It was the first time that he had ever been awarded．
這是他第一次獲獎。
(4)在虛擬條件句中，表示與過去事實相反，當主語是動作的承受者時，用過去完成時的被動語態。
If the AI robot had been invented earlier，the production efficiency would have been improved．
如果早一些發明人工智能機器人，生產效率就會提高了。
(5)在“Hardly/Scarcely had...when...”和“No sooner had...than...”句型中，當主句主語是動作的承受者時，主句用過去完成時的被動語態，表示“一……就……”。
Hardly had the front door been opened when we could smell the gas．
一打開前門，我們就聞到了煤氣的味道。
[即時訓練]——完成句子
①這不是他第一次因志愿工作而受到表揚。
It was not the first time that __________________________________．
②這女孩一被送回家就向她母親跑去。
Hardly _______________________ when she ran to her mother．
he had been praised for his voluntary work
had the girl been sent home
③在我們實施這項計劃之前，同學們就提出了不同的想法。
Before we carried out the plan，______________________________ by our classmates．
④到20世紀70年代，在這個地區發現了100多個新物種。
By the 1970s，more than 100 new species ______________________．
various ideas had been put forward
had been found in this area
短文語境填空
I still remember last winter when I woke up in the morning，it 1．__________ (stop) snowing．Looking outside of the window，the snow on our lawn 2．______________ (clean) by my father．I closed the book that 3．________________ (borrow) from the local library and went downstairs for breakfast．Then my little brother came to tell me that all his homework 4．_______________ (finish)．During the
had stopped
had been cleaned
had been borrowed
had been finished
breakfast，one of my best friends 5．_____ (come) to visit my family．She went to Australia last year．Before that she 6．___________
(prepare) for the examination of the University of Sydney for half a year．During her study，she 7．_____________ (learn) the culture and professional knowledge in her field．By the end of last fall，a novel about Maori 8．_________________________ (finish) by her．When
she was in Australia，together with her friends and classmates，she
came
had prepared
had learned
had been finished
9．__________ (plan) to donate some money for the poor and the weak in China．So after her return，she went to Garze Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture to help the people in need．In total，100 people 10．_____________ (help) by her team by the end of last October．
had planned
had been helped
①values n．是非標準，生活準則，價值觀
moral values 道德信條
②spending power消費能力
③vary from person to person因人而異
④be faced with 面臨，面對
課下預習 第二篇課文(Developing ideas)
⑤headline n．媒體報道的熱門話題；標題
hit/make the headlines 成為頭條新聞
⑥see v．[熟詞生義] 為……發生的時間/地點
⑦max out (錢)花光；(信用卡)刷爆
⑧in contrast to與……形成對比
⑨spender n．花錢……的人
a big spender 花錢大手大腳的人
⑩barrier n．障礙，阻力
a barrier to (doing) sth．(做)某事的障礙(to為介詞)
district n．地區，區域
necessity n．必需品
a basic necessity of life 一件基本生活必需品
toothpaste n．牙膏
soap n．肥皂
a bar/piece of soap 一條/一塊肥皂
soap bubbles 肥皂泡
soap opera 肥皂劇
pocket money 零花錢
crowd funding眾籌
item n．一件商品(或物品)
a little bit 稍微，有點兒
on doing...一……就……
unprecedentedly adv．空前地
unprecedented adj．前所未有的，空前的，沒有先例的
take courses 修讀課程
personal finances (個人的)財務管理
finance n．財務
financial adj．財務的，金融的
at hand(在時間或距離上)接近
method of doing sth．做某事的方法
jar n．(玻璃)罐子，廣口瓶
invest v．投資
invest in...投資……
investment n．投資
in control of 掌管，控制
more than不僅僅，不只是
lifelong adj．終身的
a lifelong friend一位終生的朋友
be responsible for 為……負責
the here and now現在，當下
vision n．構想，設想
involve doing sth．包括做某事
be up to sb．取決于某人
likewise adv．同樣地；相似地
put aside 儲存，保留
help out 幫助(某人)擺脫(困境)
an animal charity 動物慈善機構
cause n．[熟詞生義](支持或為之奮斗的)事業，目標，思想
a good cause 崇高的事業
believe in 相信
wide adj．[熟詞生義]一般的，廣泛的(僅用于比較級或最高級)
objectively adv．客觀地
[反義詞] subjectively adv．主觀地
if you like換句話說，可以說(在句中作插入語)
the valuable 珍貴的東西
“the＋adj．”指一類人或物。
equip v．使有知識和技能，使能夠勝任
equip sb．to do sth．使某人有能力做某事
informed adj．有學問的，有見識的
an informed choice/decision/guess/opinion有依據的選擇/決定/猜測/看法
Valuable Values①
The spending power② of young people varies from person to person③．Each，however，is faced with④ the same question: [1]what to do with their money Some handle this less well than others．Recent headlines⑤ have seen⑥ [2]more and more teens maxing out⑦ their parents' credit cards on games or other online activities．
[1]此處是“疑問詞＋動詞不定式”結構，作question的同位語。
[2]此處是動詞-ing形式短語的復合結構，作賓語。
In contrast to⑧ these big spenders⑨， there are also teens that prove age is no barrier⑩ to making good use of money．With the help of her grandmother，eight-year-old Khloe Thompson started making “Kare Bags” for the homeless people in her district ．[3]Inside the bags are necessities such as toothpaste ， soap and socks，bought first with her pocket money and then through crowd funding ． These items helped to [4] make the lives of poor and homeless people a little bit easier．On receiving a Kare Bag，one woman said，“You [5]make me feel like a human being．”
[3]本句是全部倒裝。主語過長，表語過短，故句子運用了倒裝。過去分詞短語“bought first...crowd funding”作后置定語，修飾necessities。
[4]此處是“make＋賓語＋賓語補足語”結構，形容詞短語a little bit easier作賓語補足語。
[5]此處是“make＋賓語＋賓語補足語”結構，不帶to的不定式短語feel like a human being作賓語補足語。
[6]However people intend to use their money，managing it seems to be unprecedentedly important to younger generations．A 2016 study said 17 states of the US require high school students to take courses in personal finances ．For those who have no access to courses，help might be at hand
thanks to Jerry Witkovsky and his method of using four jars to teach teenagers how to spend their money wisely．
[6]本句是主從復合句。however引導讓步狀語從句，可替換為no matter how；主句中動詞-ing形式短語managing it作主語，謂語動詞用第三人稱單數形式。
When Jerry's grandchildren turned 13，his present to each of them was three jars: one for Spending，one for Saving，and another for Giving—he has since added a fourth jar for Investing ．[7]It was from then on that his grandchildren started to be in control of what to do with the money they receive: spend，save，invest or give Jerry's birthday present to his grandchildren is，however，much more than money and a few jars—he is giving them the opportunity [8]to learn lifelong values．
[7]本句是強調句型，強調的是時間狀語from then on; they receive是省略了關系代詞that/which的限制性定語從句，修飾先行詞the money。
[8]不定式短語作后置定語，修飾the opportunity。
[9]The value taught with the Spending jar is that you are responsible for your own happiness．Money gives you independence and the opportunity to buy something you like．[10]After all，it's OK to be nice to yourself!
[9]本句是主從復合句。that引導表語從句，過去分詞短語taught with the Spending jar作后置定語，修飾the value。
[10]句子主干是“it's＋adj．＋動詞不定式”結構，it作形式主語，真正的主語是動詞不定式短語to be nice to yourself。
[11]While the Spending jar is about the here and now ，the Saving jar gives you a vision for the future．This could involve saving for university，but it could also mean saving for that special something you've seen in the stores—it's up to you ．
[11]while在此作并列連詞，表示對比，意為“而，然而”。
The Investing jar not only represents a vision for the future，but gives the opportunity to build for the future．[12]Although this could likewise involve putting aside money for your university education，it also means investing in yourself．
[12]本句是主從復合句。although引導讓步狀語從句。
The Giving jar is all about kindness and helping．[13] Whether you want to help out a friend，give money to an animal charity or to children in another country，it's your money to give to whatever cause you believe in ．
[13]本句是主從復合句。Whether...country是“whether...or...”引導的讓步狀語從句；you believe in是省略了關系代詞that/which的限制性定語從句。
[14]The wider aim of the jars is to encourage teenagers to think more objectively about money and the things that it can do，so that they grow up understanding, if you like ，the value of the valuable ． In this way，they will be better equipped in their adult lives to make informed choices about [15]how they use the money they have．Indeed，the small change inside their jars could mean a big change in how they manage their money．
[14]本句是主從復合句。so that引導目的狀語從句，在該從句中動詞-ing形式短語“understanding...the valuable”作伴隨狀語，if you like作插入語。目的狀語從句對應的主句中不定式短語“to encourage...”作表語，定語從句that it can do修飾先行詞the things。
[15]how引導賓語從句；they have是省略了關系代詞that/which的限制性定語從句，修飾先行詞the money。
珍貴的價值
年輕人的消費能力因人而異。然而，每個人都面臨一個同樣的問題：該如何對待自己的錢？有些人并不那么擅長理財。最近的新聞頭條中報道了越來越多的青少年刷爆了父母的信用卡，將錢肆意揮霍在網絡游戲或其他網絡活動中。
與這些花錢大手大腳的人相比，也有一些青少年證明了年齡并非善于利用金錢的障礙。年僅八歲的科洛·湯普森在祖母的幫助下，開始為她所在區的流浪者們制作“愛心包包”。包里面裝著一些生活必需品，比如牙膏、肥皂和襪子等。最初購買這些物品用的都是她自己的零花錢，后來則是通過眾籌。這些物品讓貧窮和無家可歸的人生活得稍微輕松了一些。在收到“愛心包包”時，一位女士說：“你讓我覺得自己活得像個人。”
無論人們打算怎樣使用自己的錢，理財對于年輕一代來說似乎變得前所未有地重要。2016年的一項研究表明，美國有17個州要求高中生修個人理財的課程。對于那些無法接觸理財課程的人來說，多虧杰里·維特科夫斯基和他的理財方法——他用四個罐子教青少年如何智慧理財。
當杰里的孫子孫女們年滿13歲時，杰里給他們每個人的禮物都是三個罐子：一個用于消費，一個用于儲蓄，另一個用于給予——之后他還增加了第四個罐子，用于投資。從那時起，他的孫子孫女們就開始自己掌控如何處理所得的錢：用于消費、儲蓄、投資還是給予他人？然而，杰里送他們生日禮物的價值遠遠不止金錢和這幾個罐子——他為他們提供了終身樹立正確價值觀的機會。
“消費”罐子傳遞的價值是，你要為自己的幸福負責。金錢讓你獨立，并給你購買自己所愛之物的機會。畢竟，對自己好一點是可以的！
“消費”罐子關注的是眼前和當下，而“儲蓄”罐子則為你提供了未來的愿景。它可以是為大學教育準備的存款，也可以是為自己在商店里看到的心儀之物而攢的錢——這都取決于你。
“投資”罐子不僅代表著對未來的愿景，還為未來的發展提供了機會。雖然它同樣包括為大學教育而把錢存起來，但它同時還意味著對自身的投資。
“給予”罐子其實就是指善良與幫助。無論你是想要接濟朋友，為動物慈善機構捐款，或是救助另一個國家的孩子，這都是你的錢，你可以把它捐給任何你相信的事業。
介紹這四個罐子，更深遠的目的在于鼓勵青少年以一種更客觀的方式思考金錢以及用錢能做的事情，讓他們在成長的過程中逐漸理解重要事物的真正價值。這樣，他們在步入成人社會時才會更加得心應手，并且能夠對如何管理金錢做出明智的選擇。事實上，他們罐子中的細微變化可能意味著日后他們理財方式的巨大變化。
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