資源簡(jiǎn)介

Period 5　 課文整體教學(xué)(Developing ideas)
Ⅰ．文章大意
What is the main idea of the passage
A．Whether plants can talk with each other．
B．The secret between plants and humans．
C．The ways that plants communicate with each other．
D．How people can communicate with plants．
Ⅱ．篇章結(jié)構(gòu)
1．What's the purpose of the first paragraph
A．To call on us to see the film Avatar．
B．To ask us to find more talking plants．
C．To tell us some interesting stories．
D．To introduce the topic to discuss．
2．Which may NOT be the reason why plants release chemicals according to the text
A．Warning or calling for help．
B．Driving insects away．
C．Poisoning insects．
D．Attracting certain insects．
3．What can we infer from paragraph 4
A．All the plants can make noises with their roots．
B．Only chilli plants can tell if a neighbouring plant is helpful or unfriendly．
C．When some plants make clicking noises，perhaps they suggest drought is coming．
D．People can't hear the noise created by plants because they can't use sound to communicate with them．
4．Where might the text come from
A．A guidebook．
B．A science magazine．
C．A history textbook．
D．A newspaper advertisement．
1．How many secret ways in which plants talk to each other are mentioned in the text Which one is mostly interesting to you Why
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
2．Do you think it's useful to study the secrets of plant communication Why What can we benefit from it
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
Ⅰ．一詞多義/熟詞生義
1．root n．根，根莖；起因；根源；起源
①(教材原句)Some plants make noises with their roots． ____________
②Money，or love of money，is said to be the root of all evil． ____________
③Do you know that Flamenco has its roots in Arabic music？ ____________
2．link v．把……聯(lián)系起來(lái)；連接 n．聯(lián)系；紐帶；環(huán)，節(jié)；鏈接
①(教材原句)While the Internet is a worldwide network of computers linked by cables and satellites，the wood wide web is linked underground by fungi． ____________
②Click the link and see what happens． ____________
③Police suspect there may be a link between the two murders． ____________
④For many，the post office is the only link with the outside world． ____________
⑤Most food webs，for instance，consist of many weak links rather than a few strong ones． ____________
3．The military used advanced drones to detect enemy movements in the border area． ____________
Ⅱ．詞塊積累
1．________________　與某人交流
2．________________ 警報(bào)系統(tǒng)
3．________________ 與……相似
Ⅲ．寫作佳句
1．________________，plants also use sound to communicate．
更不可思議的是，植物也能用聲音交流。
2．A chilli plant can ___________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________．
辣椒可以知道自己附近的植物是敵是友。
3．Scientists are learning more every day about
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________.
科學(xué)家們每天都在增進(jìn)對(duì)植物間相互溝通的秘密方式的了解。
4．Who knows Maybe one day __________________________________ to be able to“talk”with them ourselves．
誰(shuí)知道呢？說(shuō)不定哪一天，我們就能足夠了解植物溝通的知識(shí)，從而親自和植物“聊天”了。
Ⅳ.長(zhǎng)難語(yǔ)句
1．With us long believing that talking plants are fantasy，new research has revealed something amazing: it appears that plants can communicate after all．
[分析]　本句中“With us long believing...fantasy”為“with＋賓語(yǔ)＋賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)”結(jié)構(gòu)，在句中作____________，其中“that talking plants are fantasy”為_(kāi)___________從句。句子主干是“new research has revealed something amazing”，后面的“it appears that...after all”為_(kāi)___________從句，作something的同位語(yǔ)。
[翻譯]　_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
2．Some trees make clicking noises when there is not enough water，indicating drought is arriving．
[分析]　本句中“when there is not enough water”為_(kāi)___________從句，“indicating drought is arriving”為動(dòng)詞-ing形式短語(yǔ)作____________，其中“drought is arriving”為省略that的____________從句。
[翻譯]　_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
3．While the Internet is a worldwide network of computers linked by cables and satellites，the wood wide web is linked underground by fungi．
[分析]　While是并列連詞，意為“____________”；“l(fā)inked by...”是過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)作____________，修飾__________________。
[翻譯]　_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
Ⅴ．課文語(yǔ)法填空
It 1．________________ (believe) for a long time that talking plants are fantasy．But new research has revealed that they really can communicate with each other．
Some plants are believed to communicate with each other through chemicals．When 2．____________ (attack) by insects，they release tiny amounts of chemicals to call for help as well as warn their neighbouring plants 3．____________ the insects．When other plants detect 4．____________ chemicals，they release their own different chemicals to drive insects away．Some of the chemicals also attract wasps to kill these insects．
More 5．____________ (surprising)，some plants also use sound 6．____________ (communicate) with each other though people can't hear these sounds．Some plants make noises with their roots．Some plants“l(fā)isten”to the noises to tell if their neighbouring plants are 7．____________ (help) or unfriendly．Some trees make clicking noises，8．____________ (indicate) that drought is arriving．Most surprisingly of all，plants can form the“wood wide web”to share information or even food with each other．
9．____________ (scientist) will learn more about the secret ways in 10．____________ plants talk to each other．
1．(教材原句)Many cultures have stories of talking trees that give advice as well as warnings to people．
*as well as 除……之外；也；還
(1)as well as被看作復(fù)合介詞，后接名詞、代詞、形容詞、介詞短語(yǔ)等；當(dāng)后接動(dòng)詞時(shí)，多用動(dòng)詞-ing形式。
(2)當(dāng)主語(yǔ)含有as well as時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞須和as well as前面的主語(yǔ)在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致。
(3)as well as表示“除……之外”時(shí)，相當(dāng)于besides，in addition to。
(4)may/might as well do sth．表示“只好做某事；做某事倒也無(wú)妨”。
(5)as well相當(dāng)于too和also，用于肯定句中，表示“也；又；而且”。
單句語(yǔ)法填空/單句寫作
①As well as ____________ (know) some Russian，she speaks Chinese well．
②She is a talented musician as well ____________ being a photographer．
③It is said that the famous cyclist as well as his parents ____________ (be) to visit our city next week．
④(應(yīng)用文寫作之感謝信)是你的努力和專業(yè)的指導(dǎo)讓我取得了很大的進(jìn)步。
It was your great efforts ____________________________________ that helped me make great progress．
2．(教材原句)When another bean plant detects the chemicals from its injured neighbour，it starts to release its own，different chemicals．
*detect v．發(fā)現(xiàn)，察覺(jué)(尤指不易覺(jué)察到的事物) (detection n．偵查；探測(cè) detective n．偵探；警探 detector n．探測(cè)器)
detect a change/difference　發(fā)現(xiàn)變化/不同
單句語(yǔ)法填空/句式升級(jí)
①An experienced ____________ (detect) was assigned to the case．
②Many forms of cancer can be cured if ____________ (detect) early．
③Last year the ____________ (detect) rate for car theft was just 13%．
④A firefighter was walking ahead of me and he was detecting the ground．(非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞)
→A firefighter was walking ahead of me，________________________．
3．(教材原句)While the Internet is a worldwide network of computers linked by cables and satellites，the wood wide web is linked underground by fungi．
*link v．把……聯(lián)系起來(lái)；連接 n．聯(lián)系
(1)link...to/with... 把……和……連接/聯(lián)系起來(lái)
link up with... 與……連接/聯(lián)手協(xié)作
link ...together 把……聯(lián)系在一起
(2)be linked to/with... 與……有關(guān)
(3)a link between...and... ……和……之間的聯(lián)系
have strong links with... 和……關(guān)系牢固
單句語(yǔ)法填空/單句寫作
①We are delighted to know the news that a subway line will link the airport __________ the city center．
②We linked up ____________ the Daily Express to help run the campaign．
③這條古老的絲綢之路在古代把中國(guó)和西方連接起來(lái)。
This old Silk Road ____________ China ____________ the West in ancient times．
④社區(qū)志愿活動(dòng)與同理心培養(yǎng)之間存在明顯關(guān)聯(lián)。
There is ______________________________________________________________
volunteering in the community __________ the development of empathy．
詞匯 root n．根；根源v．(使)生根；扎根于；使(某人)無(wú)法移動(dòng)
微練 他嚇得僵住了，站在那里一動(dòng)不動(dòng)，各種可怕的想法涌入心頭。 Frozen with fear，he stood ____________________，various terrible thoughts flooding in．
(教材原句)Alexander the Great and Marco Polo were said to have visited such a tree in India．
*主語(yǔ)＋be＋said＋動(dòng)詞不定式
該句型中的不定式根據(jù)句子意思可有一般式 (to do)，進(jìn)行式 (to be doing)和完成式 (to have done)三種形式。
該結(jié)構(gòu)還可轉(zhuǎn)換成“It is said that...”結(jié)構(gòu)。類似的結(jié)構(gòu)還有：
It is thought/believed that...　　　　　　　 大家認(rèn)為/相信……
It is reported/supposed that... 據(jù)報(bào)道/推測(cè)……
It is hoped that... 人們希望……
It is well known that... 眾所周知……
It is generally considered that... 大家普遍認(rèn)為……
單句寫作/一句多譯
①(應(yīng)用文寫作之環(huán)境保護(hù))人們希望國(guó)際合作能夠有效解決氣候變化問(wèn)題。
____________________ the international cooperation can effectively address the issue of climate change．
②人們相信音樂(lè)有撫慰心靈和喚起深層情感的力量。
____________________ music has the power to soothe the soul and evoke deep emotions．
③據(jù)報(bào)道，昨晚這個(gè)地區(qū)發(fā)生了嚴(yán)重地震，造成了巨大的損失。
a．A serious earthquake ________________________ this area last night，causing a lot of damage．
b．__________________________ a serious earthquake struck this area last night，causing a lot of damage．
　　　　　　　　　　　　　
①myths and legends神話和傳說(shuō)
②as well as除……之外；也；還(常用于連接兩個(gè)并列的成分)
③Alexander the Great亞歷山大大帝
④such as 例如
⑤communicate with...與……溝通
⑥after all畢竟，終究
⑦get attacked受到攻擊；被襲擊
⑧release tiny amounts of chemicals釋放出微量的化學(xué)物質(zhì)
amounts of大量
⑨a call for help呼救
⑩drive away 使離去；驅(qū)趕
hope to learn more about...希望進(jìn)一步了解……
grow crops without pesticides不使用農(nóng)藥種植農(nóng)作物
more surprisingly更不可思議的是
corn and chilli 玉米和辣椒
most surprisingly of all最令人驚訝的是
in some ways在某種程度上
be similar to...與……相似
share...with...與……分享……
have one's own version of...有自己獨(dú)特的……
spread poisons to attack other plants散播有毒物質(zhì)攻擊其他植物
The Secret Language of Plants
Talking plants have long been a thing of myths and legends①.Many cultures have stories of talking trees that give advice as well as② warnings to people．Alexander the Great③ and Marco Polo were said to have visited such a tree in India．[1] And in some modern stories，such as④ the film Avatar，trees can communicate with⑤ animals and people．
[1]此處為“主語(yǔ)＋be＋said＋動(dòng)詞不定式”句型。
With us long believing that talking plants are fantasy[2]，new research has revealed something amazing: it appears that plants can communicate after all⑥ [3].
[2]此處為with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)，動(dòng)詞-ing形式短語(yǔ)作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，其中that引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句，作believing的賓語(yǔ)。
[3]本句中的it是形式主語(yǔ)，無(wú)實(shí)際意義。appears 是系動(dòng)詞，其后的that則引導(dǎo)一個(gè)主語(yǔ)從句。
It has been known for some time that plants use chemicals to communicate with each other．[4] This happens when a plant，say a bean plant，gets attacked⑦ by insects．The plant releases tiny amounts of chemicals⑧ from the leaves that are being eaten．This is like a warning，or a call for help⑨：“I'm being attacked！”When another bean plant detects the chemicals from its injured neighbour，it starts to release its own，different chemicals．Some of these chemicals drive insects away⑩.Others attract insects—the wasps！The wasps kill the insects that are eating the bean plants．Scientists hope to learn more about this plant warning system，so that we can use it to grow crops without pesticides .
Ｆ[4]本句中的It在句中作形式主語(yǔ)，真正的主語(yǔ)是后面由that引導(dǎo)的從句。
More surprisingly ，plants also use sound to communicate．People can't hear these sounds，but plants are making them．Some plants make noises with their roots．Corn and chilli plants do this．They also“l(fā)isten”to the noises from other plants．A chilli plant can tell if a neighbouring plant is helpful，or unfriendly．Some trees make clicking noises when there is not enough water，indicating drought is arriving．[5]
[5]此處when引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，意為“當(dāng)……時(shí)”；indicating...arriving是動(dòng)詞-ing形式短語(yǔ)作伴隨狀語(yǔ)。
Most surprisingly of all ，plants have an amazing system of communication that can link nearly every plant in a forest．Scientists call this system the“wood wide web”．It is in some ways similar to the Internet we use．While the Internet is a worldwide network of computers linked by cables and satellites [6]，the wood wide web is linked underground by fungi．This fungal network links the roots of different plants to each other．Using the wood wide web [7]，plants can share information and even food with each other．For example，some pine trees can send food to smaller pine trees to help them grow．But just like our own Internet，the wood wide web has its own version of “cybercrime”．Plants can steal food from each other，or spread poisons to attack other plants .Perhaps one day scientists will learn how to create a“firewall”to help prevent these attacks within the wood wide web．
[6]此處While為并列連詞，表示對(duì)比關(guān)系，意為“而……，然而”。
[7]此處是動(dòng)詞-ing形式短語(yǔ)作方式狀語(yǔ)。
Scientists are learning more every day about the secret ways in which plants talk to each other [8].Who knows？Maybe one day we will know enough about plant communication to be able to“talk”with them ourselves．
[8]此處為“介詞＋關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句；介詞in由先行詞ways的搭配決定。
植物密語(yǔ)
會(huì)說(shuō)話的植物一直是神話和傳說(shuō)中的一大元素。在許多種文化中流傳下來(lái)的故事里，會(huì)說(shuō)話的樹(shù)給予人們忠告和警示。據(jù)說(shuō)亞歷山大大帝和馬可·波羅曾在印度見(jiàn)過(guò)一棵會(huì)說(shuō)話的樹(shù)。在一些現(xiàn)代故事中——例如電影《阿凡達(dá)》，樹(shù)可以與動(dòng)物和人類溝通交流。
我們一直認(rèn)為會(huì)說(shuō)話的植物只存在于幻想之中，但新研究有了令人驚奇的發(fā)現(xiàn)：植物間似乎確實(shí)可以交流。
人們?cè)缇椭乐参锟梢岳没瘜W(xué)物質(zhì)進(jìn)行交流。當(dāng)一株植物——比如豆類植物——被昆蟲(chóng)襲擊時(shí)，就會(huì)發(fā)生這種情況。正遭受啃食的葉子會(huì)釋放出微量的化學(xué)物質(zhì)，這像是警示，抑或求救：“我被攻擊了！”當(dāng)另一株豆類植物察覺(jué)到附近受傷同伴釋放的化學(xué)物質(zhì)時(shí)，它自身便開(kāi)始釋放不同的化學(xué)物質(zhì)，其中一些能驅(qū)趕昆蟲(chóng)，而另一些則會(huì)吸引昆蟲(chóng)——黃蜂！黃蜂會(huì)殺死那些正在啃食豆類植物的昆蟲(chóng)。科學(xué)家希望能進(jìn)一步了解這種植物的警報(bào)系統(tǒng)，從而將其應(yīng)用于不用使用農(nóng)藥的農(nóng)作物的種植。
更不可思議的是，植物也能用聲音交流。雖然人類聽(tīng)不到，但植物確實(shí)正在發(fā)出聲音。有些植物通過(guò)根部發(fā)出聲響，比如玉米和辣椒。它們還能“聽(tīng)見(jiàn)”其他植物發(fā)出的聲響。由此，辣椒可以知道自己附近的植物是敵是友。還有些樹(shù)木在水分不足時(shí)會(huì)發(fā)出咔嗒聲，以示干旱就要來(lái)了。
然而最令人驚奇的是，植物擁有一套神奇的信息交流系統(tǒng)，幾乎可以連接起森林中所有的植物。科學(xué)家們稱之為“植物萬(wàn)維網(wǎng)”。在某種程度上，它很像人類使用的互聯(lián)網(wǎng)。互聯(lián)網(wǎng)是通過(guò)電纜和衛(wèi)星連接的全球計(jì)算機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)，而植物萬(wàn)維網(wǎng)則是在地下通過(guò)真菌連接而成的。這個(gè)真菌網(wǎng)絡(luò)將不同植物的根彼此連接，通過(guò)它，植物可以互相分享信息甚至是食物。比如，某些松樹(shù)會(huì)(通過(guò)真菌網(wǎng)絡(luò))向松樹(shù)幼苗輸送養(yǎng)分，幫助它們生長(zhǎng)。但是，像我們的互聯(lián)網(wǎng)一樣，植物萬(wàn)維網(wǎng)也會(huì)發(fā)生“網(wǎng)絡(luò)犯罪”。植物會(huì)偷取同伴的養(yǎng)分，或散播有毒物質(zhì)攻擊其他植物。也許未來(lái)某一天，科學(xué)家會(huì)研究出建造“防火墻”的方法來(lái)幫助阻止植物萬(wàn)維網(wǎng)中的這些攻擊。
科學(xué)家們每天都在增進(jìn)對(duì)植物間相互溝通的秘密方式的了解。誰(shuí)知道呢？說(shuō)不定哪一天，我們就能足夠了解植物溝通的知識(shí)，從而親自和植物“聊天”了。
Period 5
課文理解
Task 1　整體理解
Ⅰ．C
Ⅱ．1．communicate　2．ways　3．chemicals　4．sound　5．system　6．plants
Task 2　細(xì)節(jié)理解
1－4　DCCB
Task 3　多維探究
略
課文精粹
Ⅰ．1．①根，根莖　②起因；根源　③起源
2．①v．連接　②n．鏈接　③n．聯(lián)系　④n．紐帶　⑤n．環(huán)，節(jié)
3．v．發(fā)現(xiàn)；偵察
Ⅱ．1．communicate with sb．　2．warning system　3．be similar to
Ⅲ．1．More surprisingly　2．tell if a neighbouring plant is helpful，or unfriendly　3．the secret ways in which plants talk to each other　4．we will know enough about plant communication
Ⅳ．1．分析：狀語(yǔ)；賓語(yǔ)；同位語(yǔ)
翻譯：我們一直認(rèn)為會(huì)說(shuō)話的植物只存在于幻想之中，但新研究有了令人驚奇的發(fā)現(xiàn)：植物間似乎確實(shí)可以交流。
2．分析：時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)；伴隨狀語(yǔ)；賓語(yǔ)
翻譯：還有些樹(shù)木在水分不足時(shí)會(huì)發(fā)出咔嗒聲，以示干旱就要來(lái)了。
3．分析：而……，然而；后置定語(yǔ)；a worldwide network
翻譯：互聯(lián)網(wǎng)是通過(guò)電纜和衛(wèi)星連接的全球計(jì)算機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)，而植物萬(wàn)維網(wǎng)則是在地下通過(guò)真菌連接而成的。
Ⅴ．1．has been believed　2．a(chǎn)ttacked　3．of　4．the　5．surprisingly　6．to communicate　7．helpful　8．indicating　9．Scientists　10．which
核心詞匯
1．①knowing　②as　③is　④as well as your professional guidance
2．①detective　②detected　③detection　④detecting the ground
3．①to/with　②with　③linked；to/with　④a clear link between；and
要點(diǎn)拾遺
rooted to the spot
句法句式
①It is hoped that　②It is believed that　③a．is reported to have struck　b．It's reported that
11 / 11(共51張PPT)
復(fù)習(xí)任務(wù)群一
現(xiàn)代文閱讀Ⅰ
把握共性之“新”　打通應(yīng)考之“脈”
Unit 5　
Revealing nature
主題語(yǔ)境　人與社會(huì)——雕塑、音樂(lè)、舞蹈領(lǐng)域的人物及其作品
Period 5　課時(shí)練案 課文整體教學(xué)(Developing ideas)
√
Ⅰ．文章大意
What is the main idea of the passage
A．Whether plants can talk with each other．
B．The secret between plants and humans．
C．The ways that plants communicate with each other．
D．How people can communicate with plants．
Ⅱ．篇章結(jié)構(gòu)
communicate
ways
chemicals
sound
system
plants
√
1．What's the purpose of the first paragraph
A．To call on us to see the film Avatar．
B．To ask us to find more talking plants．
C．To tell us some interesting stories．
D．To introduce the topic to discuss．
√
2．Which may NOT be the reason why plants release chemicals according to the text
A．Warning or calling for help．
B．Driving insects away．
C．Poisoning insects．
D．Attracting certain insects．
√
3．What can we infer from paragraph 4
A．All the plants can make noises with their roots．
B．Only chilli plants can tell if a neighbouring plant is helpful or unfriendly．
C．When some plants make clicking noises，perhaps they suggest drought is coming．
D．People can't hear the noise created by plants because they can't use sound to communicate with them．
4．Where might the text come from
A．A guidebook．
B．A science magazine．
C．A history textbook．
D．A newspaper advertisement．
√
1．How many secret ways in which plants talk to each other are mentioned in the text Which one is mostly interesting to you Why
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
2．Do you think it's useful to study the secrets of plant communication Why What can we benefit from it
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
[答案]　略
Ⅰ．一詞多義/熟詞生義
1．root n．根，根莖；起因；根源；起源
①(教材原句)Some plants make noises with their roots． ________
②Money，or love of money，is said to be the root of all evil． __________
③Do you know that Flamenco has its roots in Arabic music？ ____
根，根莖
起因；根源
起源
2．link v．把……聯(lián)系起來(lái)；連接 n．聯(lián)系；紐帶；環(huán)，節(jié)；鏈接
①(教材原句)While the Internet is a worldwide network of computers linked by cables and satellites，the wood wide web is linked underground by fungi． _______
②Click the link and see what happens． _______
③Police suspect there may be a link between the two murders． _______
④For many，the post office is the only link with the outside world． _______
v．連接
n．鏈接
n．聯(lián)系
n．紐帶
⑤Most food webs，for instance，consist of many weak links rather than a few strong ones． _________
3．The military used advanced drones to detect enemy movements in the border area． _____________
n．環(huán)，節(jié)
v．發(fā)現(xiàn)；偵察
Ⅱ．詞塊積累
1．____________________與某人交流
2．______________警報(bào)系統(tǒng)
3．_____________與……相似
communicate with sb．
warning system
be similar to
Ⅲ．寫作佳句
1．_________________，plants also use sound to communicate．
更不可思議的是，植物也能用聲音交流。
2．A chilli plant can ______________________________________________________．
辣椒可以知道自己附近的植物是敵是友。
3．Scientists are learning more every day about __________________________________________________．
科學(xué)家們每天都在增進(jìn)對(duì)植物間相互溝通的秘密方式的了解。
More surprisingly
tell if a neighbouring plant is helpful，or
the secret ways in which
unfriendly
plants talk to each other
4．Who knows Maybe one day ________________________________
_____________ to be able to“talk”with them ourselves．
誰(shuí)知道呢？說(shuō)不定哪一天，我們就能足夠了解植物溝通的知識(shí)，從而親自和植物“聊天”了。
we will know enough about plant
communication
Ⅳ．長(zhǎng)難語(yǔ)句
1．With us long believing that talking plants are fantasy，new research has revealed something amazing：it appears that plants can communicate after all．
[分析]　本句中“With us long believing...fantasy”為“with＋賓語(yǔ)＋賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)”結(jié)構(gòu)，在句中作____，其中“that talking plants are fantasy”為_(kāi)___從句。句子主干是“new research has revealed something amazing”，后面的“it appears that...after all”為_(kāi)_____從句，作something的同位語(yǔ)。
狀語(yǔ)
賓語(yǔ)
同位語(yǔ)
[翻譯]　_______________________________________________________________________________________________
我們一直認(rèn)為會(huì)說(shuō)話的植物只存在于幻想之中，但新研究有了令人驚奇的發(fā)現(xiàn)：植物間似乎確實(shí)可以交流。
2．Some trees make clicking noises when there is not enough water，indicating drought is arriving．
[分析]　本句中“when there is not enough water”為_(kāi)_______從句，“indicating drought is arriving”為動(dòng)詞-ing形式短語(yǔ)作________，其中“drought is arriving”為省略that的____從句。
[翻譯]　______________________________________________________
時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)
伴隨狀語(yǔ)
賓語(yǔ)
還有些樹(shù)木在水分不足時(shí)會(huì)發(fā)出咔嗒聲，以示干旱就要來(lái)了。
3．While the Internet is a worldwide network of computers linked by cables and satellites，the wood wide web is linked underground by fungi．
[分析]　While是并列連詞，意為“____________”；“l(fā)inked by...”是過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)作________，修飾___________________。
[翻譯]　_______________________________________________________________________________________
而……，然而
后置定語(yǔ)
a worldwide network
互聯(lián)網(wǎng)是通過(guò)電纜和衛(wèi)星連接的全球計(jì)算機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)，而植物萬(wàn)維網(wǎng)則是在地下通過(guò)真菌連接而成的。
Ⅴ．課文語(yǔ)法填空
It 1．_________________ (believe) for a long time that talking plants are fantasy．But new research has revealed that they really can communicate with each other．
has been believed
Some plants are believed to communicate with each other through chemicals．When 2．________ (attack) by insects，they release tiny amounts of chemicals to call for help as well as warn their neighbouring plants 3．__ the insects．When other plants detect 4．___ chemicals，they release their own different chemicals to drive insects away．Some of the chemicals also attract wasps to kill these insects．
attacked
of
the
More 5．____________ (surprising)，some plants also use sound 6．______________ (communicate) with each other though people can't hear these sounds．Some plants make noises with their roots．Some plants“l(fā)isten”to the noises to tell if their neighbouring plants are 7．_______ (help) or unfriendly．Some trees make clicking noises，8．__________ (indicate) that drought is arriving．Most surprisingly of all，plants can form the“wood wide web”to share information or even food with each other．
surprisingly
to communicate
helpful
indicating
9．__________ (scientist) will learn more about the secret ways in 10．_____ plants talk to each other．
Scientists
which
1．(教材原句)Many cultures have stories of talking trees that give advice as well as warnings to people．
*as well as 除……之外；也；還
(1)as well as被看作復(fù)合介詞，后接名詞、代詞、形容詞、介詞短語(yǔ)等；當(dāng)后接動(dòng)詞時(shí)，多用動(dòng)詞-ing形式。
(2)當(dāng)主語(yǔ)含有as well as時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞須和as well as前面的主語(yǔ)在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致。
(3)as well as表示“除……之外”時(shí)，相當(dāng)于besides，in addition to。
(4)may/might as well do sth．表示“只好做某事；做某事倒也無(wú)妨”。
(5)as well相當(dāng)于too和also，用于肯定句中，表示“也；又；而且”。
即學(xué)即練　 單句語(yǔ)法填空/單句寫作
①As well as _______ (know) some Russian，she speaks Chinese well．
②She is a talented musician as well __ being a photographer．
③It is said that the famous cyclist as well as his parents __ (be) to visit our city next week．
④(應(yīng)用文寫作之感謝信)是你的努力和專業(yè)的指導(dǎo)讓我取得了很大的進(jìn)步。
It was your great efforts ___________________________________ that helped me make great progress．
knowing
as
is
as well as your professional guidance
2．(教材原句)When another bean plant detects the chemicals from its injured neighbour，it starts to release its own，different chemicals．
*detect v．發(fā)現(xiàn)，察覺(jué)(尤指不易覺(jué)察到的事物) (detection n．偵查；探測(cè) detective n．偵探；警探 detector n．探測(cè)器)
detect a change/difference　發(fā)現(xiàn)變化/不同
即學(xué)即練　 單句語(yǔ)法填空/句式升級(jí)
①An experienced _________ (detect) was assigned to the case．
②Many forms of cancer can be cured if ________ (detect) early．
③Last year the _________ (detect) rate for car theft was just 13%．
④A firefighter was walking ahead of me and he was detecting the ground．(非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞)
→A firefighter was walking ahead of me，____________________．
detective
detected
detection
detecting the ground
3．(教材原句)While the Internet is a worldwide network of computers linked by cables and satellites，the wood wide web is linked underground by fungi．
*link v．把……聯(lián)系起來(lái)；連接 n．聯(lián)系
(1)link...to/with... 把……和……連接/聯(lián)系起來(lái)
link up with... 與……連接/聯(lián)手協(xié)作
link ...together 把……聯(lián)系在一起
(2)be linked to/with... 與……有關(guān)
(3)a link between...and... ……和……之間的聯(lián)系
have strong links with... 和……關(guān)系牢固
即學(xué)即練　 單句語(yǔ)法填空/單句寫作
①We are delighted to know the news that a subway line will link the airport ________ the city center．
②We linked up ____ the Daily Express to help run the campaign．
③這條古老的絲綢之路在古代把中國(guó)和西方連接起來(lái)。
This old Silk Road ______ China ________ the West in ancient times．
④社區(qū)志愿活動(dòng)與同理心培養(yǎng)之間存在明顯關(guān)聯(lián)。
There is ____________________ volunteering in the community ___ the development of empathy．
to/with
with
linked
to/with
a clear link between
and
詞匯 root n．根；根源v．(使)生根；扎根于；使(某人)無(wú)法移動(dòng)
微練 他嚇得僵住了，站在那里一動(dòng)不動(dòng)，各種可怕的想法涌入心頭。
Frozen with fear，he stood __________________，various terrible thoughts flooding in．
rooted to the spot
(教材原句)Alexander the Great and Marco Polo were said to have visited such a tree in India．
*主語(yǔ)＋be＋said＋動(dòng)詞不定式
該句型中的不定式根據(jù)句子意思可有一般式 (to do)，進(jìn)行式 (to be doing)和完成式 (to have done)三種形式。
該結(jié)構(gòu)還可轉(zhuǎn)換成“It is said that...”結(jié)構(gòu)。類似的結(jié)構(gòu)還有：
It is thought/believed that... 大家認(rèn)為/相信……
It is reported/supposed that... 據(jù)報(bào)道/推測(cè)……
It is hoped that... 人們希望……
It is well known that... 眾所周知……
It is generally considered that... 大家普遍認(rèn)為……
即學(xué)即練　 單句寫作/一句多譯
①(應(yīng)用文寫作之環(huán)境保護(hù))人們希望國(guó)際合作能夠有效解決氣候變化問(wèn)題。
________________ the international cooperation can effectively address the issue of climate change．
②人們相信音樂(lè)有撫慰心靈和喚起深層情感的力量。
___________________ music has the power to soothe the soul and evoke deep emotions．
It is hoped that
It is believed that
③據(jù)報(bào)道，昨晚這個(gè)地區(qū)發(fā)生了嚴(yán)重地震，造成了巨大的損失。
a．A serious earthquake __________________________ this area last night，causing a lot of damage．
b．___________________ a serious earthquake struck this area last night，causing a lot of damage．
is reported to have struck
It's reported that
①myths and legends神話和傳說(shuō)
②as well as 除……之外；也；還(常用于連接兩個(gè)并列的成分)
③Alexander the Great亞歷山大大帝
④such as 例如
⑤communicate with...與……溝通
⑥after all畢竟，終究
⑦get attacked 受到攻擊；被襲擊
⑧release tiny amounts of chemicals釋放出微量的化學(xué)物質(zhì)
amounts of大量
⑨a call for help呼救
⑩drive away 使離去；驅(qū)趕
hope to learn more about...希望進(jìn)一步了解……
grow crops without pesticides不使用農(nóng)藥種植農(nóng)作物
more surprisingly 更不可思議的是
corn and chilli 玉米和辣椒
most surprisingly of all最令人驚訝的是
in some ways在某種程度上
be similar to...與……相似
share...with...與……分享……
have one's own version of...有自己獨(dú)特的……
spread poisons to attack other plants 散播有毒物質(zhì)攻擊其他植物
The Secret Language of Plants
Talking plants have long been a thing of myths and legends①．Many cultures have stories of talking trees that give advice as well as② warnings to people．Alexander the Great③ and Marco Polo were said to have visited such a tree in India．[1] And in some modern stories，such as④ the film Avatar，trees can communicate with⑤ animals and people．
[1]此處為“主語(yǔ)＋be＋said＋動(dòng)詞不定式”句型。
With us long believing that talking plants are fantasy[2]，new research has revealed something amazing：it appears that plants can communicate after all⑥ [3]．
[2]此處為with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)，動(dòng)詞-ing形式短語(yǔ)作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，其中that引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句，作believing的賓語(yǔ)。
[3]本句中的it是形式主語(yǔ)，無(wú)實(shí)際意義。appears 是系動(dòng)詞，其后的that則引導(dǎo)一個(gè)主語(yǔ)從句。
It has been known for some time that plants use chemicals to communicate with each other．[4] This happens when a plant，say a bean plant，gets attacked⑦ by insects．The plant releases tiny amounts of chemicals⑧ from the leaves that are being eaten．This is like a warning，or a call for help⑨：“I'm being attacked！”When another bean plant detects the chemicals from its injured neighbour，it starts to release its own，different chemicals．Some of these chemicals drive insects away⑩．Others attract insects—the wasps！The wasps kill the insects that are eating the bean plants．Scientists hope to learn more about this plant warning system，so that we can use it to grow crops without pesticides ．
[4]本句中的It在句中作形式主語(yǔ)，真正的主語(yǔ)是后面由that引導(dǎo)的從句。
More surprisingly ，plants also use sound to communicate．People can't hear these sounds，but plants are making them．Some plants make noises with their roots．Corn and chilli plants do this．They also“l(fā)isten”to the noises from other plants．A chilli plant can tell if a neighbouring plant is helpful，or unfriendly．Some trees make clicking noises when there is not enough water，indicating drought is arriving．[5]
[5]此處when引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，意為“當(dāng)……時(shí)”；indicating...arriving是動(dòng)詞-ing形式短語(yǔ)作伴隨狀語(yǔ)。
Most surprisingly of all ，plants have an amazing system of communication that can link nearly every plant in a forest．Scientists call this system the“wood wide web”．It is in some ways similar to the Internet we use．While the Internet is a worldwide network of computers linked by cables and satellites [6]，the wood wide web is linked underground by fungi．This fungal network links the roots of different plants to each other．Using the wood wide web [7]，plants can share information and even food with each other．For example，
some pine trees can send food to smaller pine trees to help them grow．But just like our own Internet，the wood wide web has its own version of “cybercrime”．Plants can steal food from each other，or spread poisons to attack other plants ．Perhaps one day scientists will learn how to create a“firewall”to help prevent these attacks within the wood wide web．
[6]此處While為并列連詞，表示對(duì)比關(guān)系，意為“而……，然而”。
[7]此處是動(dòng)詞-ing形式短語(yǔ)作方式狀語(yǔ)。
Scientists are learning more every day about the secret ways in which plants talk to each other [8]．Who knows？Maybe one day we will know enough about plant communication to be able to“talk”with them ourselves．
[8]此處為“介詞＋關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句；介詞in由先行詞ways的搭配決定。
會(huì)說(shuō)話的植物一直是神話和傳說(shuō)中的一大元素。在許多種文化中流傳下來(lái)的故事里，會(huì)說(shuō)話的樹(shù)給予人們忠告和警示。據(jù)說(shuō)亞歷山大大帝和馬可·波羅曾在印度見(jiàn)過(guò)一棵會(huì)說(shuō)話的樹(shù)。在一些現(xiàn)代故事中——例如電影《阿凡達(dá)》，樹(shù)可以與動(dòng)物和人類溝通交流。
我們一直認(rèn)為會(huì)說(shuō)話的植物只存在于幻想之中，但新研究有了令人驚奇的發(fā)現(xiàn)：植物間似乎確實(shí)可以交流。
人們?cè)缇椭乐参锟梢岳没瘜W(xué)物質(zhì)進(jìn)行交流。當(dāng)一株植物——比如豆類植物——被昆蟲(chóng)襲擊時(shí)，就會(huì)發(fā)生這種情況。正遭受啃食的葉子會(huì)釋放出微量的化學(xué)物質(zhì)，這像是警示，抑或求救：“我被攻擊了！”當(dāng)另一株豆類植物察覺(jué)到附近受傷同伴釋放的化學(xué)物質(zhì)時(shí)，它自身便開(kāi)始釋放不同的化學(xué)物質(zhì)，其中一些能驅(qū)趕昆蟲(chóng)，而另一些則會(huì)吸引昆蟲(chóng)——黃蜂！黃蜂會(huì)殺死那些正在啃食豆類植物的昆蟲(chóng)。科學(xué)家希望能進(jìn)一步了解這種植物的警報(bào)系統(tǒng)，從而將其應(yīng)用于不用使用農(nóng)藥的農(nóng)作物的種植。
更不可思議的是，植物也能用聲音交流。雖然人類聽(tīng)不到，但植物確實(shí)正在發(fā)出聲音。有些植物通過(guò)根部發(fā)出聲響，比如玉米和辣椒。它們還能“聽(tīng)見(jiàn)”其他植物發(fā)出的聲響。由此，辣椒可以知道自己附近的植物是敵是友。還有些樹(shù)木在水分不足時(shí)會(huì)發(fā)出咔嗒聲，以示干旱就要來(lái)了。
然而最令人驚奇的是，植物擁有一套神奇的信息交流系統(tǒng)，幾乎可以連接起森林中所有的植物。科學(xué)家們稱之為“植物萬(wàn)維網(wǎng)”。在某種程度上，它很像人類使用的互聯(lián)網(wǎng)。互聯(lián)網(wǎng)是通過(guò)電纜和衛(wèi)星連接的全球計(jì)算機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)，而植物萬(wàn)維網(wǎng)則是在地下通過(guò)真菌連接而成的。這個(gè)真菌網(wǎng)絡(luò)將不同植物的根彼此連接，通過(guò)它，植物可以互相分享信息甚至是食物。比如，某些松樹(shù)會(huì)(通過(guò)真菌網(wǎng)絡(luò))向松樹(shù)幼苗輸送養(yǎng)分，幫助它們生長(zhǎng)。但是，像我們的互聯(lián)網(wǎng)一樣，植物萬(wàn)維網(wǎng)也會(huì)發(fā)生“網(wǎng)絡(luò)犯罪”。植物會(huì)偷取同伴的養(yǎng)分，或散播有毒物質(zhì)攻擊其他植物。也許未來(lái)某一天，科學(xué)家會(huì)研究出建造“防火墻”的方法來(lái)幫助阻止植物萬(wàn)維網(wǎng)中的這些攻擊。
科學(xué)家們每天都在增進(jìn)對(duì)植物間相互溝通的秘密方式的了解。誰(shuí)知道呢？說(shuō)不定哪一天，我們就能足夠了解植物溝通的知識(shí)，從而親自和植物“聊天”了。
謝 謝！

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