資源簡介

英語 必修 第一冊 RJ
Section Ⅱ　Reading and Thinking
一、閱讀單詞：寫出漢語含義
1．crack n. 裂紋；裂縫　vi.& vt. (使)破裂
2．gas n. 氣體；燃氣；汽油
3．brick n. 磚；磚塊
4．metal n. 金屬
二、核心單詞：寫出英文單詞
1．ruin n．& vt. 破壞；毀壞
2．percent n. 百分之……　adj.& adv. 每一百中
3．shock n. 震驚；令人震驚的事；休克　vt. (使)震驚
4．trap vt. 使落入險境；使陷入圈套　n. 險境；陷阱
5．bury vt. 埋葬；安葬
6．effort n. 努力；艱難的嘗試；盡力
7．unify vi.& vt. 統一；(使)成一體
8．context n. 上下文；語境；背景
9．suffer vt. 遭受；蒙受　vi. (因疾病、痛苦、悲傷等)受苦
三、拓展單詞：寫出英文單詞，并嘗試寫出其詞性轉換(可查字典)
1．electricity n. 電；電能→electric adj. 電的；用電的；令人激動的　n. 電路系統；電氣交通工具→electrical adj. 電的；與電有關的
2．breathe vi. & vt. 呼吸→breath n. 呼吸→breathless adj. 無法呼吸的；喘不過來氣的
3．revive vt.& vi. 復活；(使)蘇醒→revival n. 振興；復蘇
4．wisdom n. 智慧；才智→wise adj. 明智的→wisely adv. 明智地
四、核心短語：寫出英語表達
1．as__if 似乎；好像；仿佛
2．in__ruins 嚴重受損；破敗不堪
3．in__shock 震驚；吃驚
課文三維剖析
THE NIGHT THE EARTH DIDN'T SLEEP
地球的不眠之夜
Strange things were happening in the countryside of northeastern Hebei. For several days, the water in the village wells rose and fell, rose and fell. There were deep cracks that1 appeared in the well walls. At least one well had some smelly gas coming out of it2. Chickens and even pigs were too nervous to eat, and3 dogs refused to go inside buildings. Mice ran out of the fields looking for places to hide4, and fish jumped out of the water. At about 3：00 a．m., on 28 July 1976, bright lights were seen in the sky outside the city of Tangshan and5 loud noises were heard. But the city's one million people were asleep as usual that night. 河北省東北部的農村地區怪事連連。一連幾天，村里的井水升升降降，起起伏伏，井壁上出現了深深的裂縫，至少有一口水井冒出臭氣。雞甚至豬都焦躁不安，不愿進食；狗拒絕進入屋內。老鼠跑到田外，尋找藏身之所；魚兒也跳出水面。1976年7月28日凌晨3：00左右，唐山城外的天空中出現了耀眼亮光，接著又傳出巨大的聲響。然而，那天晚上城里的百萬居民仍像往常一樣沉睡在夢鄉。 At 3：42 a．m., everything began to shake. It seemed as if6 the world were coming to an end! Eleven kilometres directly below the city, one of the most deadly earthquakes of the 20th century had begun, a quake that7 even caused damage more than 150 kilometres away in Beijing. Nearly one third of the whole nation felt it! A huge crack, eight kilometres long and8 30 metres wide, cut across houses, roads, and waterways. Hard hills of rock became rivers of dirt. In less than one minute, a large city lay in ruins. Two thirds of the people who9 lived there were dead or injured. Thousands of children were left without parents. The number of people who10 were killed or badly injured in the quake was more than 400，000. 凌晨3：42，萬物開始搖晃，仿佛世界末日即將來臨！在城市正下方的11千米處，20世紀傷亡最嚴重之一的一場地震爆發了，遠在150多千米以外的北京都受到了這場地震的破壞，全國幾乎三分之一的地區均有震感！一條8千米長、30米寬的巨大裂縫橫切房屋、道路和水路。堅硬的石山變成了泥石流。在不到一分鐘的時間里，一座大城市淪為廢墟。城里三分之二的居民在地震中死亡或受傷，數以千計的孩子失去了父母。在此次地震中喪生或身受重傷的人數超過了40萬。 Everywhere11 survivors looked, there was nothing but ruins. Nearly everything in the city was destroyed. About 75 percent of the city's factories and buildings, 90 percent of its homes, and all of its hospitals were gone. Bricks covered the ground like red autumn leaves, but no wind could blow them away. Most bridges had fallen or12 were not safe to cross. The railway tracks were now useless pieces of metal. Tens of thousands of cows, hundreds of thousands of pigs, and millions of chickens were dead. Sand now filled the wells instead of water. People were in shock—and then, later that afternoon, another big quake shook Tangshan again. Even more buildings fell down. Water, food, and electricity were hard to get. People began to wonder how long13 the disaster would last. 幸存者目及之處無一不是廢墟，萬物盡毀。市內大約75%的工廠和大樓、90%的住房和所有的醫院都倒塌了。磚塊就像秋天的紅葉覆蓋著地面，但是卻沒有風能將其吹走。大多數橋梁不是坍塌了，就是無法安全通行了；鐵軌變成了廢金屬塊；數萬頭奶牛、數十萬頭豬和數百萬只雞也都死掉了。沙子灌滿水井，井水消失殆盡。人們驚恐萬狀，然而臨近傍晚時分，又一次強烈的地震撼動唐山。更多的樓房倒塌了，沒有水和食物，電也停了。人們心里開始疑惑這場災難還會持續多久。 But hope was not lost. Soon after the quakes14, the army sent 150，000 soldiers to Tangshan to dig out those who15 were trapped and16 to bury the dead. More than 10，000 doctors and nurses came to provide medical care. Workers built shelters for survivors whose17 homes had been destroyed. Hundreds of thousands of people were helped. Water and food were brought into the city by train, truck, and plane. Slowly, the city began to breathe again. 然而，希望尚存。地震發生后不久，部隊派出了15萬名士兵奔赴唐山，將受困群眾從廢墟中搶救出來，并掩埋了死者。上萬名醫療工作者趕到現場，救死扶傷。工人們為那些家園被毀的幸存者蓋起了避難所，數十萬的群眾獲得了幫助，火車、卡車和飛機給城市運來了食物和飲用水。慢慢地，這座城市又開始恢復了生機。 Tangshan started to revive itself and get back up on its feet. With strong support from the government and18 the tireless efforts of the city's people, a new Tangshan was built upon the earthquake ruins. The new city has become a home to more than seven million people, with great improvements in transportation, industry, and environment. Tangshan city has proved to China and the rest of the world that19 in times of disaster, people must unify and20 show the wisdom to stay positive and21 rebuild for a brighter future. 唐山重新站起來并獲得了新生。有了來自政府的大力支持以及唐山人民的不懈努力，一座新的唐山在廢墟中被建立起來。這座新的城市已經成為700多萬人的家園，交通、工業和環境都得到了巨大的改善。唐山向中國、向世界證明，在自然災害中，人類必須勠力同心，保持積極樂觀的心態和重建家園的決心。 1 引導定語從句，修飾cracks 2 現在分詞短語作后置定語，修飾gas 3 連接并列句Chickens ... to eat和dogs ... buildings 4 現在分詞短語作伴隨狀語 5 連接并列句bright lights ... Tangshan和loud noises were heard 6 It seemed as if ... 表示“看起來似乎……” 7 引導定語從句，修飾a__quake 8 連接并列成分eight kilometres long和30 metres wide 9 引導定語從句，修飾people 10 引導定語從句，修飾people 11 引導地點狀語從句 12 連接并列謂語動詞had__fallen和were 13 引導賓語從句 14 時間狀語 15 引導定語從句，修飾those 16 連接并列的不定式短語to dig out ... 和to bury the dead，不定式短語作目的狀語 17 引導定語從句，修飾survivors 18 連接strong support from the government和the tireless efforts of the city's people 19 引導賓語從句 20 連接并列謂語動詞_unify和show 21 連接并列成分stay positive和rebuild for a brighter future
閱讀領悟
(一)課文連連看
(二)回答問題
　What does the title “THE NIGHT THE EARTH DIDN'T SLEEP” mean
That__means__the__people__in__Tangshan__didn't__sleep__because__of__the__happening__of__the__earthquake.
探究一　熱詞
1.ruin n. 破壞；毀壞；廢墟；殘垣斷壁　vt. 破壞；毀壞；使成為廢墟；使破敗(教材P50)
(be/lie) in ruins 嚴重受損；破敗不堪 fall/come into ruin 成為廢墟；毀滅 be reduced to ruins 淪為廢墟 under the ruins 在廢墟下 ruin one's hope/future/life 毀掉某人的希望/前程/生活 ruin oneself 自我毀滅
【語境感知】
①The ancient temple has been in ruins and needs repairing.
這座古廟已成廢墟，需要修復。(文化遺產)
②After the earthquake, nearly all the buildings fell down and a large number of people were buried under the ruins.
地震發生后，幾乎所有的建筑物都倒塌了，許多人被埋在廢墟下。(報道)
③A disaster is a very bad accident or a sudden event that/which usually causes great damage and can ruin many people's lives.
災難是一種非常嚴重的事故或突發事件，通常會造成巨大的破壞，并可能毀掉許多人的生活。
【學會運用】單句語法填空
①During the earthquake a large city lay in ruins in less than one minute.
②Our journey was__ruined (ruin) by the bad weather yesterday.
③Shortly after suffering from a large earthquake and being reduced to ruins (ruin), the city took on a new look.
【學會表達】完成句子
④那些避難所被洪水全部沖毀，整個城市都成了一片廢墟。
The shelters were all washed away by the flood and the__whole__city__was__in__ruins.
2.shock n. 震驚；令人震驚的事；休克　vt. (使)震驚(教材P50)
shocked adj. 震驚的；驚訝的 shocking adj. 令人震驚的；可怕的 in shock 震驚；吃驚；休克 electric/culture shock 電擊/文化沖擊 come as a shock 讓人震驚 be shocked at/by ... 對……吃驚 be shocked to do sth 對做某事感到吃驚
【語境感知】
①The violence in her tone gave me a shock.
她粗暴的語氣讓我大吃一驚。
②When Rose realized what the gift was, she was in complete shock.
當羅斯意識到禮物是什么時，她完全震驚了。(心理描寫)
③Looking through the newspaper, I'm shocked by photos showing the destruction of the hurricane.
翻閱報紙時，我被展示颶風破壞情況的照片震驚到了。(自然災害)
【學會運用】單句語法填空
①They were deeply shocked (shock) at her behavior.
②What pleases me most is that their artistic talent is extremely shocking (shock).
③Many people were shocked at/by the film when it first came out.
④I was shocked to__hear (hear) that he had resigned.
【學會表達】翻譯句子
⑤這兩個學生對這個和自然有關的講座很震驚。
The__two__students__were__shocked__at/by__the__lecture__about__nature.
3.bury vt. 埋葬；安葬；埋藏；掩藏(感情等)；使陷入；掩蓋；把……插入(教材P50)
bury one's pain/feelings 埋藏某人的痛苦/隱藏某人的感情 bury ... in ... 把……埋到……里 bury one's face in hands 某人雙手掩面 bury oneself in 埋頭于；專心于；沉浸于
【語境感知】
①He stood on the sidewalk with his hands buried in the pockets of his black overcoat.
他站在人行道上，雙手插在黑色外套的口袋里。(人物描寫)
②The scientist knew nothing about the matter, because he was always burying himself in his study.
那位科學家對此事一無所知，因為他一直專心于他的研究工作。(人物描寫)
【學會運用】單句語法填空
①Once he buried himself (he) in something, he would close his ears to anything.
②In some places, food can be__buried (bury) in sand.
③She buried her face in her hands and began to sob.
【學會表達】完成句子
④一旦你沉浸在唐詩中，你就會被神奇的漢語所吸引。(詩歌文學)
Once__you__bury__yourself__in__Tang__poems,__you'll be charmed by the wonderful Chinese language.
4.effort n. 努力；艱難的嘗試；盡力(教材P50)
effortless adj. 不需費力的；容易的 in an effort to do sth 為了做某事 make an effort to do sth 努力做某事 with/without effort 費力/毫不費力地 spare no effort(s) to do sth 不遺余力做某事 be worth the effort 值得努力 put one's effort into (doing) sth 致力于(做)某事 take effort to do sth 花費精力做某事
【語境感知】
①If we could all make an effort to keep this office tidier it would help.
如果我們都努力保持整潔，那么辦公室的面貌肯定會大有改觀。
②It takes a long time to prepare the dish but the results are so good that it's worth the effort.
做這道菜很費時間，但結果大家都很愛吃，工夫真沒白費。
③It takes great effort to master a foreign language.
掌握一門外語要付出極大的努力。
【學會運用】單句語法填空
①The governments have been sparing no effort to__take (take) various effective methods.
②He's jogging around the park every morning in an effort to get fit.
③I don't get lonely now because I make an effort to__see (see) people.
【學會表達】翻譯句子
④你應該更加努力地工作。
You__should__put__more__effort__into__your__work.
5.suffer vt. 遭受；蒙受　vi. (因疾病、痛苦、悲傷等)受苦(教材P51)
suffering n. 痛苦，苦難 sufferer n. 受害者，患者 suffer from 遭受……之苦；患……病 suffer loss/pain/hardship/defeat 遭受損失/痛苦/困苦/失敗
【語境感知】
①Many of his novels have described the sufferings of his race.
他在很多小說中描述了他的種族所遭受的種種苦難。
②Reading fictions helps those who do not suffer from loneliness to understand lonely people.
閱讀小說可以幫助那些不孤獨的人理解孤獨的人。
③The company suffered huge losses in the last financial year.
公司在上一財政年度出現巨額虧損。
(1)suffer 用作及物動詞時，指“遭受、經歷(不愉快之事)”，后常接loss, pain, hardship, defeat, punishment等，無被動語態。 (2)suffer用作不及物動詞時，常與from連用，意為“受……之苦，患……病”。
【學會運用】單句語法填空
①Later, he worked in Africa, where many people suffered from blindness for lack of proper treatment.
②The old man is said to have gone through varieties of sufferings (suffer) during the war.
【學會表達】翻譯句子
③在那個漫長的冬季，人們吃了很多苦頭。
People__suffered__many__hardships__during__that__long__winter.
6.breathe vi.& vt. 呼吸；將……注入→breath n. 呼吸→breathless adj. 無法呼吸的；喘不過來氣的
【語境感知】
Tired and out of breath, my friend and I arrived on time to see the film and both of us breathed a sigh of relief.
累得上氣不接下氣，我和我的朋友準時趕到看電影，我們都松了一口氣。
7.wisdom n. 智慧；才智→wise adj. 明智的→wisely adv. 明智地
【語境感知】
We should use our time and energy wisely then we can be a man full of wisdom.
我們應該明智地利用我們的時間和精力，然后我們才可以成為一個充滿智慧的人。
【學會運用】單句語法填空
①He was breathless (breath) after climbing ten floors.
②I question the wisdom (wise) of giving a child so much money.
【學會表達】完成句子
③孩子們通過舉辦各種活動給我們的社區注入了活力。
The children breathed__life__into__our__community by holding various activities.
④在你做這一決定之前，列出你的優缺點是明智的。
It__is__wise__to__make__a__list of your strengths and weaknesses before you make this decision.
探究二　短語
8.as if 似乎；好像；仿佛(教材P50)
as if/though的用法： 從句表示的情況是真實的或極有可能發生時，用陳述語氣。 從句表示的情況與事實相反時，用虛擬語氣。 如果從句表示與現在事實相反，從句謂語動詞用一般過去時(be多用were)； 如果從句表示與過去事實相反，從句謂語動詞用“had＋過去分詞”； 如果從句表示與將來事實相反，從句謂語動詞用“would/could/might＋動詞原形”。 從句的主語和主句主語相同或從句主語為it，且從句中含有be動詞時，可省略從句主語和be動詞，as if后剩不定式、名詞、分詞或形容詞(短語)、介詞短語。
【語境感知】
①Mrs Crump looked as if she was going to explode.
克倫普太太看起來好像要爆發了。
②They completely ignore these facts as if/ though they never existed.
他們完全無視這些事實，就好像它們從未存在過。
③From time to time, Jason turned round as if (he was) searching for someone.
杰森不時地轉過身來，好像在找人。
【學會運用】單句語法填空
①She spoke to me as though she had known (know) me.
②He acted as if he hadn't__heard (not hear) any of it.
③He opened his lips as if to__answer (answer) this question.
【學會表達】翻譯句子
④他表現得若無其事。
He__behaved__as__if/though__nothing__had__happened.
探究三　長難句分析
9.At least one well had some smelly gas coming out of it．(教材P50) 至少有一口水井冒出臭氣。
【分析】　coming out of it是現在分詞短語作后置定語，修飾gas。 動詞－ing形式作定語： 與修飾詞構成邏輯上的主動關系 表示正在進行的動作 單個動詞－ing形式作定語時，通常放在被修飾詞之前，動詞－ing短語作定語時，通常放在被修飾詞之后。
【語境感知】
①I received an encouraging response to my advertisement.
我的廣告有了令人鼓舞的回應。
②They built a highway leading into the mountains.
他們建造了一條通向山里的高速公路。
【學會運用】單句語法填空
①It is also being used to help patients suffering (suffer) dementia, a serious illness of the mind.
②We see it as a chance to try to break the growing (grow) disconnect between people and nature.
【學會表達】完成句子
③我應該借這個機會對坐在后排的人說聲抱歉。
I should take the chance to say sorry to those sitting__in__the__back__rows．
Ⅰ.匹配詞義
a.匹配下列單詞的詞義
(E)1.percent A．n. 金屬
(C)2.crack B．n. 上下文；語境；背景
(D)3.electricity C．vi.& vt. (使)破裂
(A)4.metal D．n. 電；電能
(B)5.context　　　 E．n. 百分之……
b.匹配下列短語的詞義
(C)6.as if A.震驚；吃驚
(E)7.in ruins B.遭受……之苦
(A)8.in shock C.似乎；好像；仿佛
(D)9.come to an end D.結束
(B)10.suffer from　　 E.嚴重受損
Ⅱ.默寫單詞
1．wisdom n. 智慧；才智
2．effort n. 努力；盡力
3．ruin n．& vt. 破壞；毀壞
4．bury vt. 埋葬；安葬
5．suffer vt. 遭受　vi. 受苦
6．shock n. 震驚；令人震驚的事　vt. (使)震驚
7．trap vt. 使落入險境　n. 險境；陷阱
8．revive vt.& vi. 復活；(使)蘇醒
9．breathe vi.& vt. 呼吸
10．unify vi.& vt. 統一；(使)成一體
Ⅲ.選詞填空
trap, ruin, effort, context, bury, unify, crack, revive
1．Skilled readers make use of context and prediction.
2．They became trapped by the rising floodwater.
3．What matters to set a national dialect is to unify the pronunciation of those characters.
4．Cracks have appeared in the dry ground.
5．A large number of churches fell into ruin after the revolution.
6．It is worth the effort to establish a morning running routine.
7．I found the article buried in the business section of the newspaper.
8．A hot shower and a cup of tea will revive you.
Ⅳ.單句語法填空
1．Before I went off to university my father gave me a few words of wisdom (wise)．
2．The athletes make efforts (effort) for the Olympics.
3．I began to suffer from headaches, which left me feeling completely drained.
4．Recently, there has been some revival (revive) of ancient music.
5．His mother was shocked to__hear (hear) the news.
6．We moved into a house with electricity (electric) but no running water.
7．Do you wake up every morning feeling (feel) energetic and ready to start a new day
8．The writer buried himself in his writing and forgot his serious illness.
Ⅴ.完成表達
1．I'm still in__shock (震驚) after hearing that bad news.
2．I felt as__if/though (似乎，好像) my heart had stopped.
3．The railway stations are in__ruins (破敗不堪), the track overgrown with weeds and grass.
Ⅵ.完整表達
1．我有個朋友愿意幫忙。(定語從句)
I__have__a__friend__who__is__interested__in__helping__out.
2．在不到18個月的時間里，有20多萬人閱讀了我的博客。(現在分詞短語作后置定語)
In__less__than__18__months,__there__were__over__200，000__people__reading__my__blog.
3．或許每個人都在生活中的某個時刻承受壓力。(suffer from)
Maybe__everyone__suffers__from__stress__at__some__time__in__their__life.
課后課時作業(一)
較易題(占比30%)　中檔題(占比70%)　拔高題(占比0%)
題號 Ⅰ Ⅱ Ⅲ
難度 ★★ ★★ ★
Ⅰ　完形填空
(2024·云南德宏高一上期末)On 20 December, in Newdale, a series of huge waves caused by an undersea earthquake raced across the ocean near Goldshore. Worse still, it __1__ thousands dead. Goldshore Beach was the only local beach to __2__ the disaster without any loss of life. A 10－year－old girl, Sabrina Andron, helped around 100 people escape __3__ with her knowledge of tsunamis.
The day began like any other on Goldshore Beach. People were walking, running or simply sitting on the sandy beach, __4__ the warm sea air and enjoying the soft __5__ that brushed their hair. Sabrina was one of the happy tourists until she noticed something __6__. “The water was like the bubbles (氣泡) on the top of a beer，” she later explained. “It wasn't __7__ and it wasn't going in and then out. It was just coming in and in and in.” It struck her that these were the __8__ of an upcoming tsunami, which Sabrina had just learnt about in a Geography lesson.
Sabrina was __9__， but she soon kept her head. She __10__ her parents of the danger though at first they just thought she was joking. However, Sabrina was certain that a terrible __11__ was on its way and kept asking her parents to talk to a safety __12__. To her great relief, the officer __13__ realized the coming danger. The beach was rapidly __14__ of people, just before the huge waves __15__ into the coast.
篇章導讀：本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了一個小女孩Sabrina Andron (塞布麗娜·安德倫)用自己的海嘯知識幫助約100人逃離危險的故事。
1．(　　)A.left B．brought
C．affected D．led
答案：A
解析：根據下文“thousands dead”可知，地震帶來的海嘯造成了數千人死亡。故選A。
2．(　　)A.recognize B．survive
C．challenge D．quit
答案：B
解析：根據下文“without any loss of life”可知，Goldshore Beach是在這場災難中唯一幸存下來的海灘。故選B。
3．(　　)A.stress B．reality
C．danger D．failure
答案：C
解析：根據上文“a series of huge waves ... ocean near Goldshore”可知，海嘯來襲，她用自己的知識幫助人們逃離危險。故選C。
4．(　　)A.making up B．taking in
C．focusing on D．checking out
答案：B
解析：根據下文“the warm sea air”可知，人們在沙灘上呼吸著溫暖的海風。故選B。
5．(　　)A.wave B．sunshine
C．whistle D．wind
答案：D
解析：根據下文“that brushed their hair”可知，沙灘上輕柔的風吹拂著頭發。故選D。
6．(　　)A.unique B．powerful
C．strange D．attractive
答案：C
解析：根據下文“The water was ... in and in and in.”可知，Sabrina在海灘上注意到一些奇怪的事情。故選C。
7．(　　)A.narrow B．adventurous
C．distant D．calm
答案：D
解析：根據下文“and it wasn't going in and then out. It was just coming in and in and in”可知，海水并不平靜。故選D。
8．(　　)A.signs B．damages
C．effects D．results
答案：A
解析：根據下文“which Sabrina had just learnt about in a Geography lesson”可知，Sabrina意識到奇怪的事情是海嘯即將到來的跡象。故選A。
9．(　　)A.embarrassed B．confused
C．annoyed D．frightened
答案：D
解析：根據下文“but she soon kept her head”并結合常識可知，Sabrina見到海嘯很害怕，但是又很快保持冷靜。故選D。
10．(　　)A.warned B．cheated
C．helped D．debated
答案：A
解析：根據下文“of the danger”可知，她警告父母有危險。故選A。
11．(　　)A.disease B．disaster
C．accident D．drought
答案：B
解析：根據上文“an upcoming tsunami”可知，一場可怕的災難即將來臨。故選B。
12．(　　)A.officer B．designer
C．partner D．inventor
答案：A
解析：根據下文“the officer”可知，她要求父母和安全官員談話。故選A。
13．(　　)A.actually B．anxiously
C．immediately D．curiously
答案：C
解析：根據上文“To her great relief”和下文“realized the coming danger”可知，安全官員立刻意識到即將來臨的海嘯的危險。故選C。
14．(　　)A.informed B．robbed
C．reminded D．cleared
答案：D
解析：根據上文“To her great relief, the officer __13__ realized the coming danger.”可知，安全官員意識到危險，盡快清空了海灘上的人們。故選D。
15．(　　)A.slid B．crashed
C．divided D．tapped
答案：B
解析：根據上文“the huge waves”可知，海嘯引發的巨浪會撞擊海岸。故選B。
Ⅱ　閱讀
(2024·廣東深圳高一上學期期末)Wild animals seem to have escaped the Indian Ocean tsunami, adding weight to the idea that they have a “sixth sense” for disasters, experts said on Thursday.
Sri Lanka wildlife officials have said the waves that killed over 24，000 people along the Indian Ocean island's coast seemingly missed wild beasts, with no dead animals found.
“No elephants are dead, not even a dead hare or rabbit. I think animals can sense disaster. They have a ‘sixth sense’. They know when things are happening，” H．D.Ratnayake, director of Sri Lanka's Wildlife Department, said on Wednesday.
The waves washed floodwaters up to 3 km (2 miles) inland at Yala National Park in the southeast, Sri Lanka's biggest wildlife reserve and home to hundreds of wild elephants. “There has been a lot of evidence (證據) about dogs barking or birds migrating before volcanic eruptions or earthquakes. But it has not been proved，” said Matthew van Lierop, an animal behaviour specialist at Johannesburg Zoo. “There have been no specific studies because you can't really test it in a lab or field setting，” he said. Other authorities agreed with this conclusion.
“Wildlife seems to be able to pick up certain signs, especially birds. There are many reports of birds detecting coming disasters，” said Clive Walker, who has written several books on African wildlife.
Animals certainly rely on the known senses such as smell or hearing to avoid danger such as predators(掠食動物). The idea of an animal “sixth sense” is a lasting one that the evidence on Sri Lanka's damaged coast is likely to add to.
篇章導讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了動物似乎有“第六感”，可以提前感知自然災害。
1．What happened after the Indian Ocean tsunami？(　　)
A．Many people died but wild animals survived.
B．The “six sense” of wild animals developed.
C．Wild beasts were killed or went missing.
D．The coast was found in good condition.
答案：A
解析：細節理解題。根據第二段內容可知，印度洋海嘯之后許多人死了，但野生動物卻活了下來。故選A。
2．What does H．D.Ratnayake do？(　　)
A．He is a zookeeper.
B．He is a wildlife official.
C．He is a movie director.
D．He is an animal behaviour expert.
答案：B
解析：細節理解題。根據第三段中的“H.D. Ratnayake ... on Wednesday”可知，H.D.Ratnayake (H.D.拉特納亞克)是野生動物官員。故選B。
3．Which of the following is closest in meaning to the underlined word “detecting” in Paragraph 5？(　　)
A．Taking up. B．Putting up.
C．Picking up. D．Bringing up.
答案：C
解析：詞義猜測題。根據畫線詞上文“Wildlife seems to be able to pick up certain signs, especially birds.”可知，野生動物似乎能夠捕捉到某些跡象，尤其是鳥類。因此有很多關于鳥類發現即將到來的災難的報道。畫線詞意思是“發現，識別”。故選C。
4．What is the text mainly about？(　　)
A．Animals can save themselves from human activity.
B．Animals' natural power to escape from danger.
C．How to protect wildlife when disasters happen.
D．The serious damage of the Indian Ocean tsunami.
答案：B
解析：主旨大意題。通讀全文可知，文章主要講述了印度洋海嘯之后許多人死了，一些野生動物卻活了下來，說明一些動物有規避危險的自然力量。故選B。
Ⅲ　語法填空
(2024·福建福州高一上期末)Natural disasters are one of the major __1__ (problem) facing the world today, seriously affecting economic development and threatening the __2__ (survive) of mankind.
2023 has broken temperature records __3__ seen record droughts, wildfires and floods around the world. Beijing experienced the heaviest rainfall in 140 years, causing widespread flooding. Heatwaves __4__ (sweep) across Europe and forest fires erupted in North America. Experts warn that poverty (貧困) and inequality are worsening these disasters.
People in the poorest areas are often __5__ greatest risk from extreme weather. They may live in places __6__ are more likely to be harmed by flooding and drought. They have __7__ (few) resources to deal with damage and to recover from it. As a result, they suffer __8__ (extreme) after disasters strike and may be pushed further into poverty.
Fighting inequality for a resilient (韌性) future is the theme of 2023 International Day for Disaster Risk Reduction. UN Secretary－General António Guterres made a proposal that countries should work together __9__ (break) the cycle of poverty and that every person on Earth should __10__ (cover) by an early warning system by 2027.
1．________　2.________　3.________　4.________　5．________　6.________　7.________　8.________　9．________　10.________
篇章導讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了2023年的災害情況以及未來的應對措施。
1．答案：problems
解析：考查名詞。problem為可數名詞，此處為“one of＋可數名詞復數”結構，表示“……之一”。故填problems。
2．答案：survival
解析：考查詞性轉換。設空處作動詞threatening的賓語，應用名詞，且survival不可數。故填survival。
3．答案：and
解析：考查連詞。broken與seen為并列關系，應用連詞and。故填and。
4．答案：swept
解析：考查動詞的時態。此處描述2023年發生的事情，應用一般過去時。故填swept。
5．答案：at
解析：考查介詞。句意：最貧困地區的人們往往面臨極端天氣的最大風險。at risk 意為“處于危險中”，是固定搭配。故填at。
6．答案：which/that
解析：考查定語從句的引導詞。設空處引導定語從句，先行詞為places，指物，且關系詞在從句中作主語，應用關系代詞which或that引導。故填which/that。
7．答案：fewer
解析：考查形容詞的比較級。根據上文“are more likely to be harmed by flooding and drought”可知，此處指更少的資源，應用形容詞的比較級。故填fewer。
8．答案：extremely
解析：考查詞性轉換。設空處修飾動詞suffer，應用副詞extremely作狀語。故填extremely。
9．答案：to break
解析：考查非謂語動詞。設空處在句中作目的狀語，應用不定式。故填to break。
10．答案：be covered
解析：考查動詞的語態和情態動詞。此處指地球上的每個人都應該被早期預警系統覆蓋。person與cover之間為被動關系，應用被動語態，且should后跟動詞原形。故填be covered。
　精深閱讀
(2024·云南大理高一上期末)Elephants on the coast of Thailand are acting strangely. They stamp their feet and want to move towards the hills. The sea draws back from the beaches. Fish flop (撲騰) on the seabed. Suddenly, a huge wave appears. This is no ordinary wave. It is a tsunami!
Tsunami waves are larger and faster than normal surface waves. A tsunami wave can travel fast as a jet plane and can be as tall as a ten－storey building. Tsunamis begin when the ocean rises or falls very suddenly. Lots of seawater is displaced and this movement causes huge waves.
If a tsunami happens, there must be some kind of force that causes the ocean water to become moved. Most tsunamis are caused by underwater earthquakes. Sometimes, volcanoes, and slides, and large icebergs may also cause one of these huge waves.
Tsunamis are extremely powerful. Ordinary waves lose power when they break. Tsunami waves can remain powerful for several days. Because tsunami waves are so strong, they can kill people, damage buildings, and completely ruin an ecosystem in just one hour.
Scientists have no way of telling people in advance when a tsunami will hit. However, if a powerful enough earthquake happens, scientists can send out a warning or a watch. A warning means that a tsunami will very likely hit soon. A watch means that conditions are suitable for a tsunami. When people receive a watch or a warning, they have more time to prepare. It's best to get prepared before a tsunami is on the way!
篇章導讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了海嘯的形成原因、特點以及對人類和生態系統的影響。
1．What's the main idea of the first paragraph
A．The power of the tsunami.
B．The signs of the tsunami.
C．The causes of the tsunami.
D．The damages from the tsunami.
答案：B
解析：段落大意題。根據第一段中的“Elephants on the coast ... on the seabed.”可知，第一段主要講述了海嘯發生的征兆。故選B。
2．What does the underlined word “displaced” in the second paragraph mean
A．Moved. B．Trapped.
C．Destroyed. D．Stopped.
答案：A
解析：詞義猜測題。根據畫線詞下文“this movement causes huge waves (這種運動會引起巨大的海浪)”可知，畫線詞意為“移動”。故選A。
3．According to the text, what will cause a tsunami for sure
A．The floods, storms, and typhoons.
B．The earthquake that happens on the land.
C．The volcanoes, and slides, and large icebergs.
D．The force that causes ocean water to get displaced.
答案：D
解析：細節理解題。根據第三段中的“If a tsunami happens ... water to become moved.”可知，導致海水移動的某種力量能使海嘯發生。故選D。
4．What can we learn from the last paragraph
A．A warning is more serious than a watch.
B．A watch is more serious than a warning.
C．A watch is sent out before a big earthquake.
D．There are many ways to tell a tsunami in advance.
答案：A
解析：推理判斷題。根據最后一段中的“A warning means ... suitable for a tsunami.”可推知，警告和觀察信號相比起來，一旦警告發出，那么海嘯發生的可能性更大。故選A。
精深閱讀——好詞句小練
(一)熱詞
1．stamp n. 郵票；印記；跺腳(聲)　v. 跺(腳)；邁著重步走
2．ordinary adj. 普通的
3．normal adj. 正常的，標準的；(人)普通的
n. 常態，通常標準
4．remain v. 仍然是；保持不變　n. 剩余(物)，遺跡；殘骸
5．likely adj. 可能的；似乎合適的　adv. 可能地
(二)高頻短語
6．move__towards 向……移動
7．draw back 退回；回避，退縮
8．in__advance 預先，提前
9．get prepared 準備好
10．on the way 在路上
(三)根據語境填入恰當的內容
11．China is wealthier and more__powerful (powerful) than ever before.
12．The house looked strangely (strange) familiar, though she knew she'd never been there before.
13．I gave him a warning (warn), which he turned a deaf ear to.
(四)寫出下列句子中黑體部分的漢語釋義
14．He stamped his foot in frustrated rage. 跺
15．He remained in a critical condition after suffering heart failure.狀況
16．The soldiers were rescuing injured hikers when a sudden storm hit the mountain. 襲擊
(五)用方框中單詞或短語的正確形式替換下列句子中的黑體部分
17．Hotel rooms are difficult to find during the holiday season. You'd better make a reservation ahead of time.in__advance
18．This is not a fit place for you to live. suitable
19．The following customs were anything but not special.ordinary
(六)長難句分析
20．If a tsunami happens, there must be some kind of force that causes the ocean water to become moved.
句意：如果海嘯發生，一定有某種力量使海水移動。
分析：主干是there__must__be__some__kind__of__force；If 引導條件狀語從句；that 引導定語從句，修飾force。
(七)根據所給漢語，完成下列句子
21．I have committed myself, and there is no way to__draw__back (退縮)．
22．This course seems difficult and is__not__suitable__for__freshmen_ (不適合新生).
(八)仿寫句子
23．A tsunami wave can travel fast as a jet plane and can be as tall as a ten storey building. (as ... as ...)
仿寫：這道菜嘗起來和看起來一樣好嗎？
Does__the__dish__taste__as__good__as__it__looks
課后課時作業(二)
較易題(占比30%)　中檔題(占比40%)　拔高題(占比30%)
題號 Ⅰ
A B Ⅱ
難度 ★ ★★ ★★★
Ⅰ　閱讀
A
(2024·安徽省皖北六校高一上期末)It happens in every disaster: For those in need, people often donate (捐贈) things that turn out to be more of a trouble.
Juanita Rilling remembers it happened in 1988 when she was a disaster expert trying to help people suffering from a hurricane in Honduras. “One morning I received a call from one of our logistic operators (物流運營商), and he explained to me that there was a plane carrying medical supplies that needed to land，” says Rilling. “But the ground was full, with lots of donations that no one had required. The plane—full of needed supplies—had to find someplace else to go. And it ended up stopping everyone's plans by about 48 hours, which is important time in a disaster.”
Rilling now runs the Center for International Disaster Information, which is trying to make sure things like that don't happen again. So when Superstorm Sandy hit, Rilling's group started a project to encourage money donation. “Even a small donation can make a big difference and can quickly become exactly what people affected by a disaster need most，” Rilling says. But despite this, donators do that over and over. About 60% of the things donated after a disaster couldn't be used. Often it's old clothing or food.
Meghan Hara, who deals with kind donations for the American Red Cross, says she knows that some people are careful with giving money. And she doesn't think that the need to give something concrete (實物) should be completely stopped.
“Part of what people are doing is that they're helping, and they're trying to help. What we need to work out is how to effectively deal with that，” Hara says.
篇章導讀：本文是一篇記敘文。文章結合Juanita Rilling (胡安妮塔·里林)的經歷講述了在救災時，如何進行有效的捐贈。
1．What caused needed supplies to be put off after the hurricane in 1988？(　　)
A．Workers on the plane.
B．A weather report.
C．Useless donations on the ground.
D．The call from the operator.
答案：C
解析：細節理解題。根據第二段中的“But the ground was full ... in a disaster.”可知，場地上的沒用的捐贈物造成裝載有應急物資的飛機無法降落，進而導致所需供應被推遲。故選C。
2．What did Rilling's group suggest donating when Superstorm Sandy hit？(　　)
A．Clothing. B．Money.
C．Medicine. D．Food.
答案：B
解析：細節理解題。根據第三段中的“So when Superstorm Sandy hit, Rilling's group started a project to encourage money donation.”可知，當超級風暴“桑迪”來襲時，Rilling的團隊建議人們捐贈錢。故選B。
3．What is Meghan Hara's attitude towards donating concrete things？(　　)
A．Supportive. B．Doubtful.
C．Uncaring. D．Worried.
答案：A
解析：推理判斷題。根據第四段中的“And she doesn't think ... be completely stopped. (她認為實物捐贈不應該完全停止。)”可推知，Meghan Hara (梅根·哈如)對人們捐贈實物是支持的。故選A。
4．What might the author continue talking about？(　　)
A．Studies on natural disasters.
B．The benefits of helping others.
C．Tips on choosing useful donations.
D．The ways of managing people's donations.
答案：D
解析：推理判斷題。根據最后一段中的“What we need to work out is how to effectively deal with that (我們需要解決的是如何有效地處理這個問題)”可推知，作者可能繼續討論管理人們捐贈的方式。故選D。
B
(2024·浙江金華高一上期末)I finally climbed into bed at 1：20 in the morning. My friends had helped me celebrate my 31st birthday in the basement apartment where I lived.
Earlier in the day I had prepared for the unlikely event of a flood. We are about a third of a mile from the banks of the Ahr River. It had been raining buckets that week and the government had sent out a flood warning, though not for where I was. Still, I'd placed sandbags on the floor outside my garden door and put electronics on tables. “Silly bro！” My friends laughed at me for doing that, but I thought, why__take__a__chance
As I drifted off to sleep, I was awakened by the sound of rushing water, as if I were lying beside a waterfall. When I got off the bed, I was shocked that cold water was rising fast. In darkness, I grabbed my cellphone and turned on the flashlight. When I stepped out of the bedroom, I saw water shooting through the gaps of the door.
I began to panic. I knew I had to get out fast! In bare feet, I started to make my way to the only escape: the door that led upstairs to the main floor. Finally I made it to the door and tried several times to pull it open even just a little bit, but the rushing water shut it again. I looked around for anything I could use to keep it open. There in the corner was a coat rack (架子). I took it and, once again, opened the door, throwing the coat rack between the door and the frame (門框) to keep the door from shutting. Finally, I managed to make a gap just wide enough to squeeze (擠) through and make it into the hallway.
I leaped on to the stairs and ran outside. I stood there in the darkness, wet through. What was once a lovely street was now a waterscape, with floating ruins instead of people and cars. The river had drowned (淹沒) the neighborhood!
篇章導讀：本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了作者遭遇洪水時的脫險經歷。
5．What does the underlined sentence in Paragraph 2 imply？(　　)
A．Better safe than sorry.
B．It never rains but it pours.
C．A lost chance never returns.
D．A friend in need is a friend indeed.
答案：A
解析：句意理解題。根據第二段中的“Still, I'd placed ... but I thought, why__take__a__chance？”可知，作者做好了迎接洪水的準備，還被朋友嘲笑，但作者認為，這樣做更安全，防患于未然總是好的，因此畫線句意為“有備無患”。故選A。
6．What was the author doing when water flooded in？(　　)
A．Celebrating his birthday.
B．Sleeping in the basement.
C．Placing sandbags by the door.
D．Playing with electronic devices.
答案：B
解析：細節理解題。根據第三段中的“As I drifted ... beside a waterfall.”和第四段中的“In bare feet ... the main floor.”可知，當洪水涌入的時候，作者正在地下室睡覺。故選B。
7．Which of the following might be the most difficult for the author during the escape？(　　)
A．Making his way to the door.
B．Finding a coat rack.
C．Keeping the door from shutting.
D．Squeezing through the gap.
答案：C
解析：推理判斷題。根據第四段內容可推知，在逃生過程中，對于作者來說最困難的是保持門不要關上。故選C。
8．How did the author feel when standing on the street？(　　)
A．Sad and shocked.
B．Annoyed and anxious.
C．Surprised and disappointed.
D．Puzzled and awkward.
答案：A
解析：推理判斷題。根據最后一段中的“What was once ... the neighborhood！”可知，作者站在曾經令人愉快的大街上，洪水淹沒了一切，因此可推知，作者此時的心情是悲傷和震驚的。故選A。
Ⅱ　讀后續寫
閱讀下面材料，根據其內容和所給段落開頭語續寫兩段，使之構成一篇完整的短文。
(2024·江西信豐中學高一上月考)When I worked as a nurse, I was on day duty while my workmates were on night duty. On one shift, I sensed something just before going off duty at 11 am. I put down the tray (托盤) on the table and suddenly it fell off the table. At first I thought I had accidentally knocked it over, but then I felt the whole building shaking and heard patients were screaming.
I realized that an earthquake was happening. I quickly caught hold of a nearby patient, who was terribly frightened and pushed her under a bed. And then, I got under another bed myself. As soon as the earthquake stopped, I decided to try and get the patient safely outside. I carried her out and helped her down to the grassland, where several other people had gathered.
Afraid that my other workmates were in danger, I went back inside the building again. When I met Lucy, our ward sister (護士長), I found her patient couldn't walk. We made a seat for the patient by linking our hands and arms, and carried her outside together. We went back through the building to check no one was left behind in our ward.
Just then, we saw that a man doctor was calling for volunteers to go down to other wards with him to help more people. So we went together. The doctor went ahead of us and found one of the nurses partially covered with rubble, luckily still alive. Suddenly, the aftershock struck and the doctor ordered us to leave. The brave doctor intended to stay alone and risk his own life to save the nurse.
注意：
1．續寫詞數應為150個左右；
2．請按如下格式在相應位置作答。
However, without any hesitation, we made up our minds to stay with the doctor and save the nurse together. 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 Later in the afternoon, I had time to look around and saw some destroyed buildings. 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
寫前導讀：本文是一篇記敘文。地震發生時，醫院的一名護士倒在碎石中，半邊身體被碎石覆蓋。突然，余震襲來，醫生命令作者和其他的護士先離開，作者是怎么做的？看著地震后被摧毀的建筑物，作者有什么感觸？
[精彩范文]
However, without any hesitation, we made up our minds to stay with the doctor and save the nurse together. The doctor encouraged the trapped nurse to stay calm, and in the meanwhile，we focused our efforts on removing the bricks and the rubble that trapped her body. However, sometimes we were faced with falling rubble from time to time, despite which we continued. Gradually and slowly, we lifted the nurse out of the rubble. The doctor put the nurse on his back and walked out of the building with the help of us. Finally, all, including patients, nurses and doctors, were in the safe place.
Later in the afternoon, I had time to look around and saw some destroyed buildings. My beautiful workplace lay beyond recognition, even some in ruins. At the sight of this, I felt a weight in my chest. Suddenly, the gentle wind danced around me, which made me think of all the people surviving the earthquake with our help. It was our teamwork that made a difference. I held the firm belief that some day in the future my workplace would come back to life and take on a new look, where we would continue working together to save more patients.
　精深閱讀
(2024·甘肅慶陽高一上學期期末)Rivers are very important. Humans rely on them for food and water. But rivers can destroy things, too. They can flood, or rise over their banks, making the water run into the nearby land. Floods can also kill humans and wildlife. However, floods are not always bad. Some ecosystems need them every once in a while.
Flooding can not only drown animals but also destroy habitats. For example, a flood in India in 2012 killed many one horned rhinos. Floodwaters can pick up dirt from riverbanks, which makes the water dirty. Too much dirt will clog rivers and streams, preventing the river from flowing. Sometimes floodwaters can carry pollution to the sea and harm marine life. In addition, floodwaters can carry disease, including hepatitis A (甲型肝炎) and cholera (霍亂)．
However, not everything about floods is bad. Sometimes they bring new life to ecosystems. Floodwaters carry nutrients to the nearby land. Over time, the water dries up and leaves behind particles (微粒) of dirt and mud. The particles are called sediment (沉淀物) which can be good due to its ability to improve the dirt and help plants grow. Floods are important to some animals as well. For instance, some animals see floods as a sign that it is time to mate or migrate. Floods leave sediment on river beds where baby fish can grow and carry nutrients for small animals in the water to eat. Moreover, in dry seasons, water might dry up, but floods help refill the wetlands, keeping the ecosystem going.
Floods are a part of nature. They can destroy living things and the environment. But some ecosystems need floods to survive.
篇章導讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了洪水作為大自然的一部分，對生態系統既有好處也有壞處。
1．What's the possible meaning of the underlined word “clog” in Paragraph 2
A．Block. B．Pollute.
C．Become. D．Develop.
答案：A
解析：詞義猜測題。根據第二段中的“Floodwaters can pick up ... the river from flowing.”可知，洪水會從岸上帶走泥土，而太多的泥土會堵塞河道，阻止河流流動。由此可推知，clog意為“堵塞”，與block意思相近。故選A。
2．How do floods help ecosystems
A．Tiny fish going with floods feed some animals.
B．Floods make all the animals migrate more easily.
C．Nutrients carried by floods can make soil richer.
D．Floods can clean the dirt and help plants grow.
答案：C
解析：細節理解題。根據第三段中的“Floodwaters carry nutrients ... helps plants grow.”可知，洪水沿途所攜帶的營養物質可以使土壤更肥沃，從而更好地幫助生態系統。故選C。
3．What's the main idea of Paragraph 3
A．The way in which floods feed animals.
B．The benefits of floods to ecosystems.
C．An effective means of improving soil.
D．The reason for people's hating floods.
答案：B
解析：段落大意題。根據第三段中的“However, not everything about ... new life to ecosystems.”可知，第三段主要講述了洪水對于生態系統的好處。故選B。
4．What's the best title of this article
A．The Good Effects of Flooding
B．The Secret of Flooding
C．Floods—a Part of Nature
D．Floods—Everything Is So Bad
答案：C
解析：標題判斷題。通讀全文可知，文章前兩段主要講述了洪水對于生態系統不利的方面，第三段主要講述了洪水對于生態系統的益處，文章最后一段總結全文，點明主題——洪水是大自然的一部分。C項(洪水是大自然的一部分)最適合作為文章標題。故選C。
精深閱讀——好詞句小練
(一)熱詞
1．ecosystem n. 生態系統
2．drown v. (使)淹死；沉浸于；淹沒于
3．nutrient n. 養分，營養物
4．moreover adv. 此外；而且
5．refill v. 再裝滿；再充滿　n. 重新裝滿；補充劑
(二)高頻短語
6．rely__on 依靠
7．every once in a while 有時，偶爾
8．bring__new__life__to 使……煥然一新；給……注入新的活力或生命力
9．due__to 由于，因為
10．for instance 例如
(三)根據語境填入恰當的內容
11．Happiness is the ability (able) to make the most of what you have.
12．This coat is dirty (dirt), so I'll take it to the cleaners.
13．Students prefer to rely on/upon peers to relieve stress and anxiety.
(四)寫出下列句子中黑體部分的漢語釋義
14．The main source of income, tourism, is expected to dry up completely this summer. 枯竭
15．I'll come by this evening and pick up the books. ??；拿
16．We need joint efforts to protect the range of marine habitats. 海洋的
(五)用方框中單詞或短語的正確形式替換下列句子中的黑體部分
17．We are keen that our school should get involved too.as__well
18．For example, jogging is quite a popular form of exercise. For__instance
19．A course will start for the students who wish to develop their English. improve
(六)長難句分析
20．The particles are called sediment (沉淀物) which can be good due to its ability to improve the dirt and help plants grow.
句意：這些顆粒被稱為沉積物，因為它能夠改善泥土并幫助植物生長，所以它是很好的。
分析：主干是The__particles__are__called__sediment(沉淀物)；which引導定語從句，修飾sediment；to improve ... 為動詞不定式短語作后置定語。
(七)根據所給漢語，完成下列句子
21．Opportunities don't come often. They come every__once__in__a__while (偶爾，有時)．
22．When two cars run__into__each__other (彼此相撞), it is the passively crashed car that suffers more damage.
(八)仿寫句子
23．Flooding can not only drown animals but also destroy habitats. (not only ... but also ...)
仿寫：這些樹不僅能改變北京的面貌，而且能保護它免受沙漠的侵害。
These__trees_can_not__only__change__the__look__of__Beijing__but__also__defend__it__from__the__desert.
28(共137張PPT)
WELCOME UNIT
UNIT 4　NATURAL DISASTERS
Section Ⅱ Reading and Thinking
預學檢測 單詞打卡
自主學習 課文語篇
目錄
CONTENTS
1
2
合作探究 課時重點
3
對點練習 鞏固所學
4
課后課時作業（一）
5
課后課時作業（二）
6
預學檢測 單詞打卡
一、閱讀單詞：寫出漢語含義
1．crack n. ______________
vi.& vt. ____________
2．gas n. ____________________
3．brick n. ____________
4．metal n. _________
二、核心單詞：寫出英文單詞
1．______ n．& vt. 破壞；毀壞
2．________ n. 百分之……　adj.& adv. 每一百中
裂紋；裂縫
(使)破裂
氣體；燃氣；汽油
磚；磚塊
金屬
ruin
percent
3．________ n. 震驚；令人震驚的事；休克　vt. (使)震驚
4．_______ vt. 使落入險境；使陷入圈套　n. 險境；陷阱
5．_______ vt. 埋葬；安葬
6．________ n. 努力；艱難的嘗試；盡力
7．________ vi.& vt. 統一；(使)成一體
8．________ n. 上下文；語境；背景
9．________ vt. 遭受；蒙受　vi. (因疾病、痛苦、悲傷等)受苦
shock
trap
bury
effort
unify
context
suffer
三、拓展單詞：寫出英文單詞，并嘗試寫出其詞性轉換(可查字典)
1．_________ n. 電；電能→________ adj. 電的；用電的；令人激動的　n. 電路系統；電氣交通工具→________ adj. 電的；與電有關的
2．________ vi. & vt. 呼吸→________ n. 呼吸→_________ adj. 無法呼吸的；喘不過來氣的
3．________ vt.& vi. 復活；(使)蘇醒→________ n. 振興；復蘇
4．_________ n. 智慧；才智→______ adj. 明智的→________ adv. 明智地
electricity
electric
electrical
breathe
breath
breathless
revive
revival
wisdom
wise
wisely
四、核心短語：寫出英語表達
1．_______ 似乎；好像；仿佛
2．___________ 嚴重受損；破敗不堪
3．____________ 震驚；吃驚
as if
in ruins
in shock
自主學習 課文語篇
THE NIGHT THE EARTH DIDN'T SLEEP
地球的不眠之夜
課文三維剖析
Strange things were happening in the countryside of northeastern Hebei. For several days, the water in the village wells rose and fell, rose and fell. There were deep cracks that1 appeared in the well walls. At least one well had some smelly gas coming out of it2. Chickens and even pigs were too nervous to eat, and3 dogs refused to go inside
1 引導_____從句，修飾_____
2 現在分詞短語作________，修飾gas
3 連接并列句Chickens ... to eat和dogs ... buildings
定語
cracks
后置定語
buildings. Mice ran out of the fields looking for places to hide4, and fish jumped out of the water. At about 3：00 a．m., on 28 July 1976, bright lights were seen in the sky outside the city of Tangshan and5 loud noises were heard. But the city's one million people were asleep as usual that night.
4 現在分詞短語作__________
5 連接并列句bright lights ... Tangshan和loud noises were heard
伴隨狀語
河北省東北部的農村地區怪事連連。一連幾天，村里的井水升升降降，起起伏伏，井壁上出現了深深的裂縫，至少有一口水井冒出臭氣。雞甚至豬都焦躁不安，不愿進食；狗拒絕進入屋內。老鼠跑到田外，尋找藏身之所；魚兒也跳出水面。1976年7月28日凌晨3：00左右，唐山城外的天空中出現了耀眼亮光，接著又傳出巨大的聲響。然而，那天晚上城里的百萬居民仍像往常一樣沉睡在夢鄉。
At 3：42 a．m., everything began to shake. It seemed as if6 the world were coming to an end! Eleven kilometres directly below the city, one of the most deadly earthquakes of the 20th century had begun, a quake that7 even caused damage more than 150 kilometres away in Beijing. Nearly one third of the whole nation felt it! A huge crack, eight kilometres long and8 30 metres wide, cut across houses, roads, and waterways. Hard hills of rock became rivers of dirt. In less than one minute, a large
6 It seemed as if ... 表示“______
___________”
7 引導_____從句，修飾______
8 連接并列成分eight kilometres long和30 metres wide
看起來
似乎……
定語
a quake
city lay in ruins. Two thirds of the people who9 lived there were dead or injured. Thousands of children were left without parents. The number of people who10 were killed or badly injured in the quake was more than 400，000.
9 引導_____從句，修飾______
10 引導____從句，修飾______
定語
people
定語
people
凌晨3：42，萬物開始搖晃，仿佛世界末日即將來臨！在城市正下方的11千米處，20世紀傷亡最嚴重之一的一場地震爆發了，遠在150多千米以外的北京都受到了這場地震的破壞，全國幾乎三分之一的地區均有震感！一條8千米長、30米寬的巨大裂縫橫切房屋、道路和水路。堅硬的石山變成了泥石流。在不到一分鐘的時間里，一座大城市淪為廢墟。城里三分之二的居民在地震中死亡或受傷，數以千計的孩子失去了父母。在此次地震中喪生或身受重傷的人數超過了40萬。
Everywhere11 survivors looked, there was nothing but ruins. Nearly everything in the city was destroyed. About 75 percent of the city's factories and buildings, 90 percent of its homes, and all of its hospitals were gone. Bricks covered the ground like red autumn leaves, but no wind could blow them away. Most bridges had fallen or12 were not safe to cross. The railway tracks were now useless pieces of
11 引導___________從句
12 連接并列謂語動詞_______和_______
地點狀語
had fallen
were
metal. Tens of thousands of cows, hundreds of thousands of pigs, and millions of chickens were dead. Sand now filled the wells instead of water. People were in shock—and then, later that afternoon, another big quake shook Tangshan again. Even more buildings fell down. Water, food, and electricity were hard to get. People began to wonder how long13 the disaster would last.
13 引導______從句
賓語
幸存者目及之處無一不是廢墟，萬物盡毀。市內大約75%的工廠和大樓、90%的住房和所有的醫院都倒塌了。磚塊就像秋天的紅葉覆蓋著地面，但是卻沒有風能將其吹走。大多數橋梁不是坍塌了，就是無法安全通行了；鐵軌變成了廢金屬塊；數萬頭奶牛、數十萬頭豬和數百萬只雞也都死掉了。沙子灌滿水井，井水消失殆盡。人們驚恐萬狀，然而臨近傍晚時分，又一次強烈的地震撼動唐山。更多的樓房倒塌了，沒有水和食物，電也停了。人們心里開始疑惑這場災難還會持續多久。
But hope was not lost. Soon after the quakes14, the army sent 150，000 soldiers to Tangshan to dig out those who15 were trapped and16 to bury the dead. More than 10，000 doctors and nurses came to provide medical care. Workers built shelters for survivors whose17 homes had been destroyed. Hundreds of thousands of people were helped. Water and food were brought into the city by train, truck, and plane. Slowly, the city began to breathe again.
14 時間狀語
15 引導____從句，修飾_____
16 連接并列的不定式短語to dig out ... 和to bury the dead，不定式短語作__________
17 引導________從句，修飾__________
定語
those
目的狀語
定語
survivors
然而，希望尚存。地震發生后不久，部隊派出了15萬名士兵奔赴唐山，將受困群眾從廢墟中搶救出來，并掩埋了死者。上萬名醫療工作者趕到現場，救死扶傷。工人們為那些家園被毀的幸存者蓋起了避難所，數十萬的群眾獲得了幫助，火車、卡車和飛機給城市運來了食物和飲用水。慢慢地，這座城市又開始恢復了生機。
Tangshan started to revive itself and get back up on its feet. With strong support from the government and18 the tireless efforts of the city's people, a new Tangshan was built upon the earthquake ruins. The new city has become a home to more than seven million people, with great improvements in transportation, industry, and environment. Tangshan city has proved to China and the rest of the world that19 in times of disaster, people must unify and20 show the wisdom to stay positive and21 rebuild for a brighter future.
18 連接strong support from the government和the tireless efforts of the city's people
19 引導_______從句
20 連接并列謂語動詞_______和_______
21 連接并列成分stay positive和rebuild for a brighter future
賓語
unify
show
唐山重新站起來并獲得了新生。有了來自政府的大力支持以及唐山人民的不懈努力，一座新的唐山在廢墟中被建立起來。這座新的城市已經成為700多萬人的家園，交通、工業和環境都得到了巨大的改善。唐山向中國、向世界證明，在自然災害中，人類必須勠力同心，保持積極樂觀的心態和重建家園的決心。
(一)課文連連看
閱讀領悟
(二)回答問題
　What does the title “THE NIGHT THE EARTH DIDN'T SLEEP” mean
____________________________________________________________________
That means the people in Tangshan didn’t sleep because of the happening of the earthquake.
合作探究 課時重點
探究一　熱詞
（一）高頻詞
1.ruin n. 破壞；毀壞；廢墟；殘垣斷壁　vt. 破壞；毀壞；使成為廢墟；使破敗(教材P50)
(be/lie) in ruins 嚴重受損；破敗不堪
fall/come into ruin 成為廢墟；毀滅
be reduced to ruins 淪為廢墟
under the ruins 在廢墟下
ruin one's hope/future/life 毀掉某人的希望/前程/生活
ruin oneself 自我毀滅
【語境感知】
①The ancient temple has been in ruins and needs repairing.
這座古廟已成廢墟，需要修復。(文化遺產)
②After the earthquake, nearly all the buildings fell down and a large number of people were buried under the ruins.
地震發生后，幾乎所有的建筑物都倒塌了，許多人被埋在廢墟下。(報道)
③A disaster is a very bad accident or a sudden event that/which usually causes great damage and can ruin many people's lives.
災難是一種非常嚴重的事故或突發事件，通常會造成巨大的破壞，并可能毀掉許多人的生活。
【學會運用】單句語法填空
①During the earthquake a large city lay _____ ruins in less than one minute.
②Our journey __________ (ruin) by the bad weather yesterday.
③Shortly after suffering from a large earthquake and being reduced to ______ (ruin), the city took on a new look.
【學會表達】完成句子
④那些避難所被洪水全部沖毀，整個城市都成了一片廢墟。
The shelters were all washed away by the flood and ________________________．
in
was ruined
ruins
the whole city was in ruins
2.shock n. 震驚；令人震驚的事；休克　vt. (使)震驚(教材P50)
shocked adj. 震驚的；驚訝的
shocking adj. 令人震驚的；可怕的
in shock 震驚；吃驚；休克
electric/culture shock 電擊/文化沖擊
come as a shock 讓人震驚
be shocked at/by ... 對……吃驚
be shocked to do sth 對做某事感到吃驚
【語境感知】
①The violence in her tone gave me a shock.
她粗暴的語氣讓我大吃一驚。
②When Rose realized what the gift was, she was in complete shock.
當羅斯意識到禮物是什么時，她完全震驚了。(心理描寫)
③Looking through the newspaper, I'm shocked by photos showing the destruction of the hurricane.
翻閱報紙時，我被展示颶風破壞情況的照片震驚到了。(自然災害)
【學會運用】單句語法填空
①They were deeply ________ (shock) at her behavior.
②What pleases me most is that their artistic talent is extremely ________ (shock).
③Many people were shocked ______ the film when it first came out.
④I was shocked ________ (hear) that he had resigned.
【學會表達】翻譯句子
⑤這兩個學生對這個和自然有關的講座很震驚。
____________________________________________________________________
shocked
shocking
at/by
to hear
The two students were shocked at/by the lecture about nature.
3.bury vt. 埋葬；安葬；埋藏；掩藏(感情等)；使陷入；掩蓋；把……插入(教材P50)
bury one's pain/feelings 埋藏某人的痛苦/隱藏某人的感情
bury ... in ... 把……埋到……里
bury one's face in hands 某人雙手掩面
bury oneself in 埋頭于；專心于；沉浸于
【語境感知】
①He stood on the sidewalk with his hands buried in the pockets of his black overcoat.
他站在人行道上，雙手插在黑色外套的口袋里。(人物描寫)
②The scientist knew nothing about the matter, because he was always burying himself in his study.
那位科學家對此事一無所知，因為他一直專心于他的研究工作。(人物描寫)
【學會運用】單句語法填空
①Once he buried ________ (he) in something, he would close his ears to anything.
②In some places, food can ________ (bury) in sand.
③She buried her face ____ her hands and began to sob.
【學會表達】完成句子
④一旦你沉浸在唐詩中，你就會被神奇的漢語所吸引。(詩歌文學)
________________________________， you'll be charmed by the wonderful Chinese language.
himself
be buried
in
Once you bury yourself in Tang poems
4.effort n. 努力；艱難的嘗試；盡力(教材P50)
effortless adj. 不需費力的；容易的
in an effort to do sth 為了做某事
make an effort to do sth 努力做某事
with/without effort 費力/毫不費力地
spare no effort(s) to do sth 不遺余力做某事
be worth the effort 值得努力
put one's effort into (doing) sth 致力于(做)某事
take effort to do sth 花費精力做某事
【語境感知】
①If we could all make an effort to keep this office tidier it would help.
如果我們都努力保持整潔，那么辦公室的面貌肯定會大有改觀。
②It takes a long time to prepare the dish but the results are so good that it's worth the effort.
做這道菜很費時間，但結果大家都很愛吃，工夫真沒白費。
③It takes great effort to master a foreign language.
掌握一門外語要付出極大的努力。
【學會運用】單句語法填空
①The governments have been sparing no effort _______ (take) various effective methods.
②He's jogging around the park every morning ____ an effort to get fit.
③I don't get lonely now because I make an effort _______ (see) people.
【學會表達】翻譯句子
④你應該更加努力地工作。
____________________________________________________________________
to take
in
to see
You should put more effort into your work.
5.suffer vt. 遭受；蒙受　vi. (因疾病、痛苦、悲傷等)受苦(教材P51)
suffering n. 痛苦，苦難
sufferer n. 受害者，患者
suffer from 遭受……之苦；患……病
suffer loss/pain/hardship/defeat 遭受損失/痛苦/困苦/失敗
(1)suffer 用作及物動詞時，指“遭受、經歷(不愉快之事)”，后常接loss, pain, hardship, defeat, punishment等，無被動語態。
(2)suffer用作不及物動詞時，常與from連用，意為“受……之苦，患……病”。
【語境感知】
①Many of his novels have described the sufferings of his race.
他在很多小說中描述了他的種族所遭受的種種苦難。
②Reading fictions helps those who do not suffer from loneliness to understand lonely people.
閱讀小說可以幫助那些不孤獨的人理解孤獨的人。
③The company suffered huge losses in the last financial year.
公司在上一財政年度出現巨額虧損。
【學會運用】單句語法填空
①Later, he worked in Africa, where many people suffered ______ blindness for lack of proper treatment.
②The old man is said to have gone through varieties of ________ (suffer) during the war.
【學會表達】翻譯句子
③在那個漫長的冬季，人們吃了很多苦頭。
____________________________________________________________________
from
sufferings
People suffered many hardships during that long winter.
【語境感知】
Tired and out of breath, my friend and I arrived on time to see the film and both of us breathed a sigh of relief.
累得上氣不接下氣，我和我的朋友準時趕到看電影，我們都松了一口氣。
（二）拓展詞
6.breathe vi.& vt. 呼吸；將……注入→________ n. 呼吸→_________ adj. 無法呼吸的；喘不過來氣的
breath
breathless
【語境感知】
We should use our time and energy wisely then we can be a man full of wisdom.
我們應該明智地利用我們的時間和精力，然后我們才可以成為一個充滿智慧的人。
7.wisdom n. 智慧；才智→_______ adj. 明智的→_______ adv. 明智地
wise
wisely
【學會運用】單句語法填空
①He was __________ (breath) after climbing ten floors.
②I question the ________ (wise) of giving a child so much money.
【學會表達】完成句子
③孩子們通過舉辦各種活動給我們的社區注入了活力。
The children ____________________________ by holding various activities.
④在你做這一決定之前，列出你的優缺點是明智的。
_____________________ of your strengths and weaknesses before you make this decision.
breathless
wisdom
breathed life into our community
It is wise to make a list
探究二　短語
8.as if 似乎；好像；仿佛(教材P50)
as if/though的用法：
從句表示的情況是真實的或極有可能發生時，用陳述語氣。
從句表示的情況與事實相反時，用虛擬語氣。
如果從句表示與現在事實相反，從句謂語動詞用一般過去時(be多用were)；
如果從句表示與過去事實相反，從句謂語動詞用“had＋過去分詞”；
如果從句表示與將來事實相反，從句謂語動詞用“would/could/might＋動詞原形”。
從句的主語和主句主語相同或從句主語為it，且從句中含有be動詞時，可省略從句主語和be動詞，as if后剩不定式、名詞、分詞或形容詞(短語)、介詞短語。
【語境感知】
①Mrs Crump looked as if she was going to explode.
克倫普太太看起來好像要爆發了。
②They completely ignore these facts as if/ though they never existed.
他們完全無視這些事實，就好像它們從未存在過。
③From time to time, Jason turned round as if (he was) searching for someone.
杰森不時地轉過身來，好像在找人。
【學會運用】單句語法填空
①She spoke to me as though she _________ (know) me.
②He acted as if he ____________ (not hear) any of it.
③He opened his lips as if _________ (answer) this question.
【學會表達】翻譯句子
④他表現得若無其事。
____________________________________________________________________
had known
hadn’t heard
to answer
He behaved as if/though nothing had happened.
探究三　長難句分析
9.At least one well had some smelly gas coming out of it．(教材P50)
至少有一口水井冒出臭氣。
【分析】　coming out of it是現在分詞短語作后置定語，修飾gas。
動詞－ing形式作定語：
與修飾詞構成邏輯上的主動關系
表示正在進行的動作
單個動詞－ing形式作定語時，通常放在被修飾詞之前，動詞－ing短語作定語時，通常放在被修飾詞之后。
【語境感知】
①I received an encouraging response to my advertisement.
我的廣告有了令人鼓舞的回應。
②They built a highway leading into the mountains.
他們建造了一條通向山里的高速公路。
【學會運用】單句語法填空
①It is also being used to help patients ________ (suffer) dementia, a serious illness of the mind.
②We see it as a chance to try to break the ________ (grow) disconnect between people and nature.
【學會表達】完成句子
③我應該借這個機會對坐在后排的人說聲抱歉。
I should take the chance to say sorry to those ______________________．
suffering
growing
sitting in the back rows
對點練習 鞏固所學
Ⅰ.匹配詞義
a.匹配下列單詞的詞義
(__)1.percent A．n. 金屬
(__)2.crack B．n. 上下文；語境；背景
(__)3.electricity C．vi.& vt. (使)破裂
(__)4.metal D．n. 電；電能
(__)5.context　　　 E．n. 百分之……
E
C
D
A
B
b.匹配下列短語的詞義
(__)6.as if A.震驚；吃驚
(__)7.in ruins B.遭受……之苦
(__)8.in shock C.似乎；好像；仿佛
(__)9.come to an end D.結束
(__)10.suffer from　　 E.嚴重受損
C
E
A
D
B
Ⅱ.默寫單詞
1．________ n. 智慧；才智
2．______ n. 努力；盡力
3．______ n．& vt. 破壞；毀壞
4．______ vt. 埋葬；安葬
5．_______ vt. 遭受　vi. 受苦
6．_______ n. 震驚；令人震驚的事　vt. (使)震驚
7．______ vt. 使落入險境　n. 險境；陷阱
8．_______ vt.& vi. 復活；(使)蘇醒
9．________ vi.& vt. 呼吸
10．_______ vi.& vt. 統一；(使)成一體
wisdom
effort
ruin
bury
suffer
shock
trap
revive
breathe
unify
Ⅲ.選詞填空
trap, ruin, effort, context, bury, unify, crack, revive
1．Skilled readers make use of ________ and prediction.
2．They became ________ by the rising floodwater.
3．What matters to set a national dialect is to ______ the pronunciation of those characters.
4．________ have appeared in the dry ground.
5．A large number of churches fell into ______ after the revolution.
context
trapped
unify
Cracks
ruin
6．It is worth the ______ to establish a morning running routine.
7．I found the article ________ in the business section of the newspaper.
8．A hot shower and a cup of tea will _______ you.
Ⅳ.單句語法填空
1．Before I went off to university my father gave me a few words of ________ (wise)．
2．The athletes make _______ (effort) for the Olympics.
3．I began to suffer ______ headaches, which left me feeling completely drained.
effort
buried
revive
wisdom
efforts
from
4．Recently, there has been some ________ (revive) of ancient music.
5．His mother was shocked _______ (hear) the news.
6．We moved into a house with __________ (electric) but no running water.
7．Do you wake up every morning ________ (feel) energetic and ready to start a new day
8．The writer buried himself ____ his writing and forgot his serious illness.
revival
to hear
electricity
feeling
in
Ⅴ.完成表達
1．I'm still _________ (震驚) after hearing that bad news.
2．I felt ____________ (似乎，好像) my heart had stopped.
3．The railway stations are _________ (破敗不堪), the track overgrown with weeds and grass.
in shock
as if/though
in ruins
Ⅵ.完整表達
1．我有個朋友愿意幫忙。(定語從句)
____________________________________________________________________
2．在不到18個月的時間里，有20多萬人閱讀了我的博客。(現在分詞短語作后置定語)
____________________________________________________________________
3．或許每個人都在生活中的某個時刻承受壓力。(suffer from)
____________________________________________________________________
I have a friend who is interested in helping out.
In less than 18 months, there were over 200,000 people reading my blog.
Maybe everyone suffers from stress at some time in their life.
課后課時作業（一）
較易題(占比30%)　中檔題(占比70%)　拔高題(占比0%)
題號 Ⅰ Ⅱ Ⅲ
難度 ★★ ★★ ★
Ⅰ　完形填空
(2024·云南德宏高一上期末)On 20 December, in Newdale, a series of huge waves caused by an undersea earthquake raced across the ocean near Goldshore. Worse still, it __1__ thousands dead. Goldshore Beach was the only local beach to __2__ the disaster without any loss of life. A 10－year－old girl, Sabrina Andron, helped around 100 people escape __3__ with her knowledge of tsunamis.
The day began like any other on Goldshore Beach. People were walking, running or simply sitting on the sandy beach, __4__ the warm sea air and enjoying the soft __5__ that brushed their hair. Sabrina was one of the happy tourists until she noticed something __6__. “The water was like the bubbles (氣泡) on the top of a beer，” she later explained.
“It wasn't __7__ and it wasn't going in and then out. It was just coming in and in and in.” It struck her that these were the __8__ of an upcoming tsunami, which Sabrina had just learnt about in a Geography lesson.
Sabrina was __9__， but she soon kept her head. She __10__ her parents of the danger though at first they just thought she was joking. However, Sabrina was certain that a terrible __11__ was on its way and kept asking her parents to talk to a safety __12__. To her great relief, the officer __13__ realized the coming danger. The beach was rapidly __14__ of people, just before the huge waves __15__ into the coast.
篇章導讀：本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了一個小女孩Sabrina Andron (塞布麗娜·安德倫)用自己的海嘯知識幫助約100人逃離危險的故事。
篇章導讀
1．(　　)A.left B．brought
C．affected D．led
解析：根據下文“thousands dead”可知，地震帶來的海嘯造成了數千人死亡。故選A。
答案
解析
2．(　　)A.recognize B．survive
C．challenge D．quit
解析：根據下文“without any loss of life”可知，Goldshore Beach是在這場災難中唯一幸存下來的海灘。故選B。
答案
解析
3．(　　)A.stress B．reality
C．danger D．failure
解析：根據上文“a series of huge waves ... ocean near Goldshore”可知，海嘯來襲，她用自己的知識幫助人們逃離危險。故選C。
答案
解析
4．(　　)A.making up B．taking in
C．focusing on D．checking out
解析：根據下文“the warm sea air”可知，人們在沙灘上呼吸著溫暖的海風。故選B。
答案
解析
5．(　　)A.wave B．sunshine
C．whistle D．wind
解析：根據下文“that brushed their hair”可知，沙灘上輕柔的風吹拂著頭發。故選D。
答案
解析
6．(　　)A.unique B．powerful
C．strange D．attractive
解析：根據下文“The water was ... in and in and in.”可知，Sabrina在海灘上注意到一些奇怪的事情。故選C。
答案
解析
7．(　　)A.narrow B．adventurous
C．distant D．calm
解析：根據下文“and it wasn't going in and then out. It was just coming in and in and in”可知，海水并不平靜。故選D。
答案
解析
8．(　　)A.signs B．damages
C．effects D．results
解析：根據下文“which Sabrina had just learnt about in a Geography lesson”可知，Sabrina意識到奇怪的事情是海嘯即將到來的跡象。故選A。
答案
解析
9．(　　)A.embarrassed B．confused
C．annoyed D．frightened
解析：根據下文“but she soon kept her head”并結合常識可知，Sabrina見到海嘯很害怕，但是又很快保持冷靜。故選D。
答案
解析
10．(　　)A.warned B．cheated
C．helped D．debated
解析：根據下文“of the danger”可知，她警告父母有危險。故選A。
答案
解析
11．(　　)A.disease B．disaster
C．accident D．drought
解析：根據上文“an upcoming tsunami”可知，一場可怕的災難即將來臨。故選B。
答案
解析
12．(　　)A.officer B．designer
C．partner D．inventor
解析：根據下文“the officer”可知，她要求父母和安全官員談話。故選A。
答案
解析
13．(　　)A.actually B．anxiously
C．immediately D．curiously
解析：根據上文“To her great relief”和下文“realized the coming danger”可知，安全官員立刻意識到即將來臨的海嘯的危險。故選C。
答案
解析
14．(　　)A.informed B．robbed
C．reminded D．cleared
解析：根據上文“To her great relief, the officer __13__ realized the coming danger.”可知，安全官員意識到危險，盡快清空了海灘上的人們。故選D。
答案
解析
15．(　　)A.slid B．crashed
C．divided D．tapped
解析：根據上文“the huge waves”可知，海嘯引發的巨浪會撞擊海岸。故選B。
答案
解析
Ⅱ　閱讀
(2024·廣東深圳高一上學期期末)Wild animals seem to have escaped the Indian Ocean tsunami, adding weight to the idea that they have a “sixth sense” for disasters, experts said on Thursday.
Sri Lanka wildlife officials have said the waves that killed over 24，000 people along the Indian Ocean island's coast seemingly missed wild beasts, with no dead animals found.
“No elephants are dead, not even a dead hare or rabbit. I think animals can sense disaster. They have a ‘sixth sense’. They know when things are happening，” H．D.Ratnayake, director of Sri Lanka's Wildlife Department, said on Wednesday.
The waves washed floodwaters up to 3 km (2 miles) inland at Yala National Park in the southeast, Sri Lanka's biggest wildlife reserve and home to hundreds of wild elephants. “There has been a lot of evidence (證據) about dogs barking or birds migrating before volcanic eruptions or earthquakes. But it has not been proved，” said Matthew van Lierop, an animal behaviour specialist at Johannesburg Zoo. “There have been no specific studies because you can't really test it in a lab or field setting，” he said. Other authorities agreed with this conclusion.
“Wildlife seems to be able to pick up certain signs, especially birds. There are many reports of birds detecting coming disasters，” said Clive Walker, who has written several books on African wildlife.
Animals certainly rely on the known senses such as smell or hearing to avoid danger such as predators (掠食動物). The idea of an animal “sixth sense” is a lasting one that the evidence on Sri Lanka's damaged coast is likely to add to.
篇章導讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了動物似乎有“第六感”，可以提前感知自然災害。
篇章導讀
1．What happened after the Indian Ocean tsunami？(　　)
A．Many people died but wild animals survived.
B．The “six sense” of wild animals developed.
C．Wild beasts were killed or went missing.
D．The coast was found in good condition.
解析：細節理解題。根據第二段內容可知，印度洋海嘯之后許多人死了，但野生動物卻活了下來。故選A。
答案
解析
2．What does H．D.Ratnayake do？(　　)
A．He is a zookeeper.
B．He is a wildlife official.
C．He is a movie director.
D．He is an animal behaviour expert.
解析：細節理解題。根據第三段中的“H.D. Ratnayake ... on Wednesday”可知，H.D.Ratnayake (H.D.拉特納亞克)是野生動物官員。故選B。
答案
解析
3．Which of the following is closest in meaning to the underlined word “detecting” in Paragraph 5？(　　)
A．Taking up. B．Putting up.
C．Picking up. D．Bringing up.
解析：詞義猜測題。根據畫線詞上文“Wildlife seems to be able to pick up certain signs, especially birds.”可知，野生動物似乎能夠捕捉到某些跡象，尤其是鳥類。因此有很多關于鳥類發現即將到來的災難的報道。畫線詞意思是“發現，識別”。故選C。
答案
解析
4．What is the text mainly about？(　　)
A．Animals can save themselves from human activity.
B．Animals' natural power to escape from danger.
C．How to protect wildlife when disasters happen.
D．The serious damage of the Indian Ocean tsunami.
解析：主旨大意題。通讀全文可知，文章主要講述了印度洋海嘯之后許多人死了，一些野生動物卻活了下來，說明一些動物有規避危險的自然力量。故選B。
答案
解析
Ⅲ　語法填空
(2024·福建福州高一上期末)Natural disasters are one of the major __1__ (problem) facing the world today, seriously affecting economic development and threatening the __2__ (survive) of mankind.
2023 has broken temperature records __3__ seen record droughts, wildfires and floods around the world. Beijing experienced the heaviest rainfall in 140 years, causing widespread flooding. Heatwaves __4__ (sweep) across Europe and forest fires erupted in North America. Experts warn that poverty (貧困) and inequality are worsening these disasters.
People in the poorest areas are often __5__ greatest risk from extreme weather. They may live in places __6__ are more likely to be harmed by flooding and drought. They have __7__ (few) resources to deal with damage and to recover from it. As a result, they suffer __8__ (extreme) after disasters strike and may be pushed further into poverty.
Fighting inequality for a resilient (韌性) future is the theme of 2023 International Day for Disaster Risk Reduction. UN Secretary－General António Guterres made a proposal that countries should work together __9__ (break) the cycle of poverty and that every person on Earth should __10__ (cover) by an early warning system by 2027.
1．________　2．________　3．________　4．________　5．________　
6．________　7．________　8．________　9．________　10．________
篇章導讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了2023年的災害情況以及未來的應對措施。
篇章導讀
1．答案：problems
解析：考查名詞。problem為可數名詞，此處為“one of＋可數名詞復數”結構，表示“……之一”。故填problems。
2．答案：survival
解析：考查詞性轉換。設空處作動詞threatening的賓語，應用名詞，且survival不可數。故填survival。
答案
解析
3．答案：and
解析：考查連詞。broken與seen為并列關系，應用連詞and。故填and。
4．答案：swept
解析：解析：考查動詞的時態。此處描述2023年發生的事情，應用一般過去時。故填swept。
答案
解析
5．答案：at
解析：考查介詞。句意：最貧困地區的人們往往面臨極端天氣的最大風險。at risk 意為“處于危險中”，是固定搭配。故填at。
6．答案：which/that
解析：考查定語從句的引導詞。設空處引導定語從句，先行詞為places，指物，且關系詞在從句中作主語，應用關系代詞which或that引導。故填which/that。
答案
解析
7．答案：fewer
解析：考查形容詞的比較級。根據上文“are more likely to be harmed by flooding and drought”可知，此處指更少的資源，應用形容詞的比較級。故填fewer。
8．答案：extremely
解析：考查詞性轉換。設空處修飾動詞suffer，應用副詞extremely作狀語。故填extremely。
答案
解析
9．答案：to break
解析：考查非謂語動詞。設空處在句中作目的狀語，應用不定式。故填to break。
10．答案：be covered
解析：考查動詞的語態和情態動詞。此處指地球上的每個人都應該被早期預警系統覆蓋。person與cover之間為被動關系，應用被動語態，且should后跟動詞原形。故填be covered。
答案
解析
(2024·云南大理高一上期末)Elephants on the coast of Thailand are acting strangely. They stamp their feet and want to move towards the hills. The sea draws back from the beaches. Fish flop (撲騰) on the seabed. Suddenly, a huge wave appears. This is no ordinary wave. It is a tsunami!
Tsunami waves are larger and faster than normal surface waves. A tsunami wave can travel fast as a jet plane and can be as tall as a ten－storey building. Tsunamis begin when the ocean rises or falls very suddenly. Lots of seawater is displaced and this movement causes huge waves.
精深閱讀
If a tsunami happens, there must be some kind of force that causes the ocean water to become moved. Most tsunamis are caused by underwater earthquakes. Sometimes, volcanoes, and slides, and large icebergs may also cause one of these huge waves.
Tsunamis are extremely powerful. Ordinary waves lose power when they break. Tsunami waves can remain powerful for several days. Because tsunami waves are so strong, they can kill people, damage buildings, and completely ruin an ecosystem in just one hour.
Scientists have no way of telling people in advance when a tsunami will hit. However, if a powerful enough earthquake happens, scientists can send out a warning or a watch. A warning means that a tsunami will very likely hit soon. A watch means that conditions are suitable for a tsunami. When people receive a watch or a warning, they have more time to prepare. It's best to get prepared before a tsunami is on the way!
篇章導讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了海嘯的形成原因、特點以及對人類和生態系統的影響。
篇章導讀
1．What's the main idea of the first paragraph
A．The power of the tsunami.
B．The signs of the tsunami.
C．The causes of the tsunami.
D．The damages from the tsunami.
解析：段落大意題。根據第一段中的“Elephants on the coast ... on the seabed.”可知，第一段主要講述了海嘯發生的征兆。故選B。
答案
解析
2．What does the underlined word “displaced” in the second paragraph mean
A．Moved. B．Trapped.
C．Destroyed. D．Stopped.
解析：詞義猜測題。根據畫線詞下文“this movement causes huge waves (這種運動會引起巨大的海浪)”可知，畫線詞意為“移動”。故選A。
答案
解析
3．According to the text, what will cause a tsunami for sure
A．The floods, storms, and typhoons.
B．The earthquake that happens on the land.
C．The volcanoes, and slides, and large icebergs.
D．The force that causes ocean water to get displaced.
解析：細節理解題。根據第三段中的“If a tsunami happens ... water to become moved.”可知，導致海水移動的某種力量能使海嘯發生。故選D。
答案
解析
4．What can we learn from the last paragraph
A．A warning is more serious than a watch.
B．A watch is more serious than a warning.
C．A watch is sent out before a big earthquake.
D．There are many ways to tell a tsunami in advance.
解析：推理判斷題。根據最后一段中的“A warning means ... suitable for a tsunami.”可推知，警告和觀察信號相比起來，一旦警告發出，那么海嘯發生的可能性更大。故選A。
答案
解析
精深閱讀——好詞句小練
(一)熱詞
1．stamp n. _____________________　v. ____________________
2．_________ adj. 普通的
3．________ adj. 正常的，標準的；(人)普通的
n. 常態，通常標準
4．remain v. _________________　n. ______________________
5．________ adj. 可能的；似乎合適的　adv. 可能地
郵票；印記；跺腳(聲)
跺(腳)；邁著重步走
ordinary
normal
仍然是；保持不變
剩余(物)，遺跡；殘骸
likely
(二)高頻短語
6．______________ 向……移動
7．draw back ________________
8．___________ 預先，提前
9．get prepared _________
10．on the way ________
move towards
退回；回避，退縮
in advance
準備好
在路上
(三)根據語境填入恰當的內容
11．China is wealthier and _______________ (powerful) than ever before.
12．The house looked __________ (strange) familiar, though she knew she'd never been there before.
13．I gave him a __________ (warn), which he turned a deaf ear to.
(四)寫出下列句子中黑體部分的漢語釋義
14．He stamped his foot in frustrated rage. _____
15．He remained in a critical condition after suffering heart failure. _______
16．The soldiers were rescuing injured hikers when a sudden storm hit the mountain. _______
more powerful
strangely
warning
跺
狀況
襲擊
(五)用方框中單詞或短語的正確形式替換下列句子中的黑體部分
in advance， ordinary， suitable
17．Hotel rooms are difficult to find during the holiday season. You’d better make a reservation ahead of time. ___________
18．This is not a fit place for you to live. ________
19．The following customs were anything but not special. __________
in advance
suitable
ordinary
(六)長難句分析
20．If a tsunami happens, there must be some kind of force that causes the ocean water to become moved.
句意：如果海嘯發生，一定有某種力量使海水移動。
分析：主干是______________________________；If 引導____________從句；that 引導_______從句，修飾________。
there must be some kind of force
條件狀語
定語
force
(七)根據所給漢語，完成下列句子
21．I have committed myself, and there is no way ______________ (退縮)．
22．This course seems difficult and _________________________ (不適合新生).
(八)仿寫句子
23．A tsunami wave can travel fast as a jet plane and can be as tall as a ten storey building. (as ... as ...)
仿寫：這道菜嘗起來和看起來一樣好嗎？
____________________________________________________________________
to draw back
is not suitable for freshmen
Does the dish taste as good as it looks
課后課時作業（二）
較易題(占比30%)　中檔題(占比40%)　拔高題(占比30%)
題號 Ⅰ
A B Ⅱ
難度 ★ ★★ ★★★
Ⅰ　閱讀
A
(2024·安徽省皖北六校高一上期末)It happens in every disaster: For those in need, people often donate (捐贈) things that turn out to be more of a trouble.
Juanita Rilling remembers it happened in 1988 when she was a disaster expert trying to help people suffering from a hurricane in Honduras. “One morning I received a call from one of our logistic operators (物流運營商), and he explained to me that there was a plane carrying medical supplies that needed to land，” says Rilling. “But the ground was full, with lots of donations that no one had required. The plane—full of needed supplies—had to find someplace else to go. And it ended up stopping everyone's plans by about 48 hours, which is important time in a disaster.”
Rilling now runs the Center for International Disaster Information, which is trying to make sure things like that don't happen again. So when Superstorm Sandy hit, Rilling's group started a project to encourage money donation. “Even a small donation can make a big difference and can quickly become exactly what people affected by a disaster need most，” Rilling says. But despite this, donators do that over and over. About 60% of the things donated after a disaster couldn't be used. Often it's old clothing or food.
Meghan Hara, who deals with kind donations for the American Red Cross, says she knows that some people are careful with giving money. And she doesn't think that the need to give something concrete (實物) should be completely stopped.
“Part of what people are doing is that they're helping, and they're trying to help. What we need to work out is how to effectively deal with that，” Hara says.
篇章導讀：本文是一篇記敘文。文章結合Juanita Rilling (胡安妮塔·里林)的經歷講述了在救災時，如何進行有效的捐贈。
篇章導讀
1．What caused needed supplies to be put off after the hurricane in 1988？(　　)
A．Workers on the plane.
B．A weather report.
C．Useless donations on the ground.
D．The call from the operator.
解析：細節理解題。根據第二段中的“But the ground was full ... in a disaster.”可知，場地上的沒用的捐贈物造成裝載有應急物資的飛機無法降落，進而導致所需供應被推遲。故選C。
答案
解析
2．What did Rilling's group suggest donating when Superstorm Sandy hit？(　　)
A．Clothing. B．Money.
C．Medicine. D．Food.
解析：細節理解題。根據第三段中的“So when Superstorm Sandy hit, Rilling's group started a project to encourage money donation.”可知，當超級風暴“桑迪”來襲時，Rilling的團隊建議人們捐贈錢。故選B。
答案
解析
3．What is Meghan Hara's attitude towards donating concrete things？(　　)
A．Supportive. B．Doubtful.
C．Uncaring. D．Worried.
解析：推理判斷題。根據第四段中的“And she doesn't think ... be completely stopped. (她認為實物捐贈不應該完全停止。)”可推知，Meghan Hara (梅根·哈如)對人們捐贈實物是支持的。故選A。
答案
解析
4．What might the author continue talking about？(　　)
A．Studies on natural disasters.
B．The benefits of helping others.
C．Tips on choosing useful donations.
D．The ways of managing people's donations.
解析：推理判斷題。根據最后一段中的“What we need to work out is how to effectively deal with that (我們需要解決的是如何有效地處理這個問題)”可推知，作者可能繼續討論管理人們捐贈的方式。故選D。
答案
解析
B
(2024·浙江金華高一上期末)I finally climbed into bed at 1：20 in the morning. My friends had helped me celebrate my 31st birthday in the basement apartment where I lived.
Earlier in the day I had prepared for the unlikely event of a flood. We are about a third of a mile from the banks of the Ahr River. It had been raining buckets that week and the government had sent out a flood warning, though not for where I was. Still, I'd placed sandbags on the floor outside my garden door and put electronics on tables. “Silly bro！” My friends laughed at me for doing that, but I thought, why take a chance
As I drifted off to sleep, I was awakened by the sound of rushing water, as if I were lying beside a waterfall. When I got off the bed, I was shocked that cold water was rising fast. In darkness, I grabbed my cellphone and turned on the flashlight. When I stepped out of the bedroom, I saw water shooting through the gaps of the door.
I began to panic. I knew I had to get out fast! In bare feet, I started to make my way to the only escape: the door that led upstairs to the main floor. Finally I made it to the door and tried several times to pull it open even just a little bit, but the rushing water shut it again. I looked around for anything I could use to keep it open. There in the corner was a coat rack (架子). I took it and, once again, opened the door, throwing the coat rack between the door and the frame (門框) to keep the door from shutting. Finally, I managed to make a gap just wide enough to squeeze (擠) through and make it into the hallway.
I leaped on to the stairs and ran outside. I stood there in the darkness, wet through. What was once a lovely street was now a waterscape, with floating ruins instead of people and cars. The river had drowned (淹沒) the neighborhood!
篇章導讀：本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了作者遭遇洪水時的脫險經歷。
篇章導讀
5．What does the underlined sentence in Paragraph 2 imply？(　　)
A．Better safe than sorry.
B．It never rains but it pours.
C．A lost chance never returns.
D．A friend in need is a friend indeed.
解析：句意理解題。根據第二段中的“Still, I'd placed ... but I thought, why take a chance？”可知，作者做好了迎接洪水的準備，還被朋友嘲笑，但作者認為，這樣做更安全，防患于未然總是好的，因此畫線句意為“有備無患”。故選A。
答案
解析
6．What was the author doing when water flooded in？(　　)
A．Celebrating his birthday.
B．Sleeping in the basement.
C．Placing sandbags by the door.
D．Playing with electronic devices.
解析：細節理解題。根據第三段中的“As I drifted ... beside a waterfall.”和第四段中的“In bare feet ... the main floor.”可知，當洪水涌入的時候，作者正在地下室睡覺。故選B。
答案
解析
7．Which of the following might be the most difficult for the author during the escape？(　　)
A．Making his way to the door.
B．Finding a coat rack.
C．Keeping the door from shutting.
D．Squeezing through the gap.
解析：推理判斷題。根據第四段內容可推知，在逃生過程中，對于作者來說最困難的是保持門不要關上。故選C。
答案
解析
8．How did the author feel when standing on the street？(　　)
A．Sad and shocked.
B．Annoyed and anxious.
C．Surprised and disappointed.
D．Puzzled and awkward.
解析：推理判斷題。根據最后一段中的“What was once ... the neighborhood！”可知，作者站在曾經令人愉快的大街上，洪水淹沒了一切，因此可推知，作者此時的心情是悲傷和震驚的。故選A。
答案
解析
Ⅱ　讀后續寫
閱讀下面材料，根據其內容和所給段落開頭語續寫兩段，使之構成一篇完整的短文。
(2024·江西信豐中學高一上月考)When I worked as a nurse, I was on day duty while my workmates were on night duty. On one shift, I sensed something just before going off duty at 11 am. I put down the tray (托盤) on the table and suddenly it fell off the table. At first I thought I had accidentally knocked it over, but then I felt the whole building shaking and heard patients were screaming.
I realized that an earthquake was happening. I quickly caught hold of a nearby patient, who was terribly frightened and pushed her under a bed. And then, I got under another bed myself. As soon as the earthquake stopped, I decided to try and get the patient safely outside. I carried her out and helped her down to the grassland, where several other people had gathered.
Afraid that my other workmates were in danger, I went back inside the building again. When I met Lucy, our ward sister (護士長), I found her patient couldn't walk. We made a seat for the patient by linking our hands and arms, and carried her outside together. We went back through the building to check no one was left behind in our ward.
Just then, we saw that a man doctor was calling for volunteers to go down to other wards with him to help more people. So we went together. The doctor went ahead of us and found one of the nurses partially covered with rubble, luckily still alive. Suddenly, the aftershock struck and the doctor ordered us to leave. The brave doctor intended to stay alone and risk his own life to save the nurse.
注意：
1．續寫詞數應為150個左右；
2．請按如下格式在相應位置作答。
However, without any hesitation, we made up our minds to stay with the doctor and save the nurse together. ﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍
Later in the afternoon, I had time to look around and saw some destroyed buildings. ﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍
寫前導讀：本文是一篇記敘文。地震發生時，醫院的一名護士倒在碎石中，半邊身體被碎石覆蓋。突然，余震襲來，醫生命令作者和其他的護士先離開，作者是怎么做的？看著地震后被摧毀的建筑物，作者有什么感觸？
寫前導讀
[精彩范文]
However, without any hesitation, we made up our minds to stay with the doctor and save the nurse together. The doctor encouraged the trapped nurse to stay calm, and in the meanwhile，we focused our efforts on removing the bricks and the rubble that trapped her body. However, sometimes we were faced with falling rubble from time to time, despite which we continued. Gradually and slowly, we lifted the nurse out of the rubble. The doctor put the nurse on his back and walked out of the building with the help of us. Finally, all, including patients, nurses and doctors, were in the safe place.
答案
Later in the afternoon, I had time to look around and saw some destroyed buildings. My beautiful workplace lay beyond recognition, even some in ruins. At the sight of this, I felt a weight in my chest. Suddenly, the gentle wind danced around me, which made me think of all the people surviving the earthquake with our help. It was our teamwork that made a difference. I held the firm belief that some day in the future my workplace would come back to life and take on a new look, where we would continue working together to save more patients.
答案
精深閱讀
(2024·甘肅慶陽高一上學期期末)Rivers are very important. Humans rely on them for food and water. But rivers can destroy things, too. They can flood, or rise over their banks, making the water run into the nearby land. Floods can also kill humans and wildlife. However, floods are not always bad. Some ecosystems need them every once in a while.
Flooding can not only drown animals but also destroy habitats. For example, a flood in India in 2012 killed many one horned rhinos. Floodwaters can pick up dirt from riverbanks, which makes the water dirty. Too much dirt will clog rivers and streams, preventing the river from flowing. Sometimes floodwaters can carry pollution to the sea and harm marine life. In addition, floodwaters can carry disease, including hepatitis A (甲型肝炎) and cholera (霍亂)．
However, not everything about floods is bad. Sometimes they bring new life to ecosystems. Floodwaters carry nutrients to the nearby land. Over time, the water dries up and leaves behind particles (微粒) of dirt and mud. The particles are called sediment (沉淀物) which can be good due to its ability to improve the dirt and help plants grow. Floods
are important to some animals as well. For instance, some animals see floods as a sign that it is time to mate or migrate. Floods leave sediment on river beds where baby fish can grow and carry nutrients for small animals in the water to eat. Moreover, in dry seasons, water might dry up, but floods help refill the wetlands, keeping the ecosystem going.
Floods are a part of nature. They can destroy living things and the environment. But some ecosystems need floods to survive.
篇章導讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了洪水作為大自然的一部分，對生態系統既有好處也有壞處。
篇章導讀
1．What's the possible meaning of the underlined word “clog” in Paragraph 2
A．Block. B．Pollute.
C．Become. D．Develop.
解析：詞義猜測題。根據第二段中的“Floodwaters can pick up ... the river from flowing.”可知，洪水會從岸上帶走泥土，而太多的泥土會堵塞河道，阻止河流流動。由此可推知，clog意為“堵塞”，與block意思相近。故選A。
答案
解析
2．How do floods help ecosystems
A．Tiny fish going with floods feed some animals.
B．Floods make all the animals migrate more easily.
C．Nutrients carried by floods can make soil richer.
D．Floods can clean the dirt and help plants grow.
解析：細節理解題。根據第三段中的“Floodwaters carry nutrients ... helps plants grow.”可知，洪水沿途所攜帶的營養物質可以使土壤更肥沃，從而更好地幫助生態系統。故選C。
答案
解析
3．What's the main idea of Paragraph 3
A．The way in which floods feed animals.
B．The benefits of floods to ecosystems.
C．An effective means of improving soil.
D．The reason for people's hating floods.
解析：段落大意題。根據第三段中的“However, not everything about ... new life to ecosystems.”可知，第三段主要講述了洪水對于生態系統的好處。故選B。
答案
解析
4．What's the best title of this article
A．The Good Effects of Flooding
B．The Secret of Flooding
C．Floods—a Part of Nature
D．Floods—Everything Is So Bad
解析：標題判斷題。通讀全文可知，文章前兩段主要講述了洪水對于生態系統不利的方面，第三段主要講述了洪水對于生態系統的益處，文章最后一段總結全文，點明主題——洪水是大自然的一部分。C項(洪水是大自然的一部分)最適合作為文章標題。故選C。
答案
解析
精深閱讀——好詞句小練
(一)熱詞
1．ecosystem n. ___________
2．drown v. __________________________
3．________ n. 養分，營養物
4．________ adv. 此外；而且
5．refill v. _______________　n. __________________
生態系統
(使)淹死；沉浸于；淹沒于
nutrient
moreover
再裝滿；再充滿
重新裝滿；補充劑
(二)高頻短語
6．________ 依靠
7．every once in a while _____________
8．________________ 使……煥然一新；給……注入新的活力或生命力
9．________ 由于，因為
10．for instance _______
rely on
有時，偶爾
bring new life to
due to
例如
(三)根據語境填入恰當的內容
11．Happiness is the _______ (able) to make the most of what you have.
12．This coat is _____ (dirt), so I'll take it to the cleaners.
13．Students prefer to rely ______ peers to relieve stress and anxiety.
(四)寫出下列句子中黑體部分的漢語釋義
14．The main source of income, tourism, is expected to dry up completely this summer. ______
15．I'll come by this evening and pick up the books. _________
16．We need joint efforts to protect the range of marine habitats. ________
ability
dirty
on/upon
枯竭
取；拿
海洋的
(五)用方框中單詞或短語的正確形式替換下列句子中的黑體部分
for instance， improve， as well
17．We are keen that our school should get involved too. _________
18．For example, jogging is quite a popular form of exercise. ___________
19．A course will start for the students who wish to develop their English. ________
as well
For instance
improve
(六)長難句分析
20．The particles are called sediment (沉淀物) which can be good due to its ability to improve the dirt and help plants grow.
句意：這些顆粒被稱為沉積物，因為它能夠改善泥土并幫助植物生長，所以它是很好的。
分析：主干是__________________________________；which引導______從句，修飾sediment；to improve ... 為動詞不定式短語作__________。
The particles are called sediment(沉淀物）
定語
后置定語
(七)根據所給漢語，完成下列句子
21．Opportunities don't come often. They come ____________________ (偶爾，有時)．
22．When two cars ___________________ (彼此相撞), it is the passively crashed car that suffers more damage.
(八)仿寫句子
23．Flooding can not only drown animals but also destroy habitats. (not only ... but also ...)
仿寫：這些樹不僅能改變北京的面貌，而且能保護它免受沙漠的侵害。
__________________________________________________________________
every once in a while
run into each other
These trees can not only change the look of Beijing but also defend it from the desert.

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