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英語 必修 第一冊 RJ
Section Ⅳ　Reading for Writing & Assessing Your Progress
一、閱讀單詞：寫出漢語含義
　crash vt.& vi. 碰撞；撞擊　n. 撞車；碰撞
二、核心單詞：寫出英文單詞
1．sweep vt.& vi. 打掃；清掃
2．strike vi.& vt. 侵襲；突擊；擊打　n. 罷工；罷課；襲擊
3．deliver vt.& vi. 遞送；傳達　vt. 發(fā)表
4．effect n. 影響；結(jié)果；效果
三、拓展單詞：寫出英文單詞，并嘗試寫出其詞性轉(zhuǎn)換(可查字典)
1．summary n. 總結(jié)；概括；概要→sum v. 概括，總結(jié)；求……的和
2．length n. 長；長度→lengthen v. 延長；加長；使伸長→long adj. 長的
四、熟詞生義：寫出熟義
wave 熟義：n. 海浪；波浪
生義：vi.& vt. 揮手；招手
五、核心短語：寫出英語表達
sweep__away 消滅；徹底消除
六、構(gòu)詞法
Affix (prefix/suffix) 含義 例詞
per 穿過；徹底地；整個地；每一；每個 percent,__perfect, permit, perceive, pervade
uni 一個，單個的 unify,__uniform, universe, unique, university
al 形容詞后綴，表示“關(guān)于……的；屬于……的”；名詞后綴，表示“動作，過程，狀態(tài)” revival,__survival, arrival, emotional, criminal
ency 名詞后綴，表示“能力，狀態(tài)，性質(zhì)” emergency,__agency, currency, efficiency, deficiency
課文三維剖析
The Daily News TSUNAMI HITS ASIA: OVER 6，500 DEAD By Robert Woodhouse　　　Monday, 27 December 2004 每日新聞 海嘯襲擊亞洲：6，500余人喪生 羅伯特·伍德豪斯　星期一 　2004年12月27日 The most powerful earthquake in the past 40 years caused a tsunami that1 crashed into coastlines across Asia yesterday, killing more than 6，500 people2 in Indonesia, India, Thailand, Malaysia, and at least four　 other countries. Fishermen, tourists, hotels, homes, and cars were swept away by huge waves caused by the strong earthquake3 that4 reached a magnitude of 9.0. The undersea quake struck around 7：00 a．m., Sunday off the west coast of Indonesia's Sumatra Island. In that area alone, at least 1，870 people were killed. 昨日，40年來最為強烈的地震引發(fā)海嘯，重創(chuàng)亞洲沿海地帶，造成印度尼西亞、印度、泰國、馬來西亞和至少其他四個國家的6，500多人死亡。漁民、游客、酒店、住房和汽車都被9.0級強震所引發(fā)的巨浪卷走。海嘯巨浪由周日上午7：00許發(fā)生在印度尼西亞蘇門答臘島西岸附近海域的海底地震引發(fā)。僅該地區(qū)就有至少1，870人死亡。 In Sri Lanka, some 1，600 kilometres west of the quake centre, the number of deaths stood at 2，498, and5 one million more were affected by the tsunami, government officials said. Indian officials said as many as 1，900 had been killed along the southern coast. Another 254 were found dead in Thailand and 54 in three other countries. In southern Thailand, 1，900 people were hurt and many more were missing, local officials said. “I was having breakfast with my three children when6 water started filling my home. We had to leave everything and7 run to safety，” said Chandra Theeravit, a local Thai woman. 政府官員稱，在斯里蘭卡，震中以西約1，600千米處，死亡人數(shù)高達2，498人，另有100多萬人受到海嘯的影響。印度官員稱，南部海岸地區(qū)有多達1，900人喪生。泰國另有254人死亡，其他三個國家有54人喪生。當?shù)毓賳T表示，泰國南部有1，900人受傷，失蹤人數(shù)則更多。泰國當?shù)氐囊晃粙D女錢德拉·特拉維說：“當時我和三個孩子正在吃早飯，海水開始灌入屋內(nèi)。我們只好扔下一切，跑到安全地帶。” Thousands of people are still missing, and the number of deaths is expected to grow even higher8 over the next few days. Foreign aid is being organised for the tsunami hit countries. However, dangerous conditions and damaged roads will make it difficult to deliver food and supplies9. 仍有成千上萬人失蹤，預(yù)計未來幾天死亡人數(shù)還將增加。目前正在為這些受災(zāi)國家組織國外援助。然而，由于條件險惡和道路受損，食物運送和物資補給將非常困難。 1 引導(dǎo)定語從句，修飾tsunami 2 現(xiàn)在分詞短語作結(jié)果狀語 3 過去分詞短語作后置定語，修飾waves 4 引導(dǎo)定語從句，修飾earthquake 5 連接并列句the number of ... at 2，498和one million ... by the tsunami 6 be doing sth when ... 表示“正在做某事，這時(突然)……” 7 連接并列的謂語動詞leave和run 8 形容詞的比較級 9 make＋it＋adj.＋to do sth 表示“使做某事變得……”，it為形式賓語，不定式短語to do sth為真正的賓語
閱讀領(lǐng)悟
(一)文章分段大意
(二)根據(jù)課文總結(jié)新聞稿的結(jié)構(gòu)
探究一　熱詞
1.sweep v. (swept, swept) 打掃；清掃；闊步走，大模大樣地走　n. 打掃，清掃(教材P54)
sweep away 消滅；徹底消除 sweep up 打掃；清掃 sweep aside 拒不理會；全然無視 sweep through 掠過(某地)；蔓延 make a clean sweep of 徹底掃除；全部撤換
【語境感知】
①Everyone looked up as she swept into the room.
她沖進房間的時候，每個人都抬頭看她。(動作描寫)
②He was left to sweep up after the party.
宴會結(jié)束后，他被留下來做打掃工作。
③The fire swept through the house.
火勢迅速在房子里蔓延開來。
【學(xué)會運用】單句語法填空
①Get a broom and sweep up that glass, will you
②I want to make a clean sweep of everything I've learnt and start afresh.
【學(xué)會表達】完成句子
③春節(jié)前我們打掃房子，掃除霉運。(風(fēng)俗習(xí)慣)
We clean the house and sweep__away__bad__luck before the Spring Festival.
2.strike v. (struck, struck/stricken) 侵襲；突擊；擊打；敲；報時；突然想到　n. 罷工；罷課；襲擊(教材P54)
be struck by/with ... 被……擊中；(引申義)被……打動；迷戀…… It strikes sb that ... ＝It occurs to sb that ... 某人突然想到…… strike a match 劃火柴 strike twelve (鐘)敲12點 go on strike 舉行罷工(表示動作) be on strike 在罷工(表示狀態(tài))
【語境感知】
①Midnight had just struck when I went upstairs to bed.
我上樓睡覺時，時鐘剛剛敲過午夜12點。
②Sitting at her desk, she was struck by the thought that there had to be something more to life.
她坐在書桌前，突然意識到生活一定還意味著更多的東西。
③It strikes me that you'd be better off working for someone else.
我覺得你換個老板處境會好些。
【學(xué)會運用】寫出下列句中strike的詞性及含義
①Even in the summertime we might be struck by blizzards.v.__侵襲
②The clock was striking ten as we went into the church. v.__敲響
③A wonderful idea struck me suddenly when I was walking on the street. v.__突然想到
④Staff at the hospital went on strike in protest at the incidents. n.__罷工
【學(xué)會表達】翻譯句子
⑤我突然意識到我們可能做出了錯誤的決定。
It__struck__me__that__we__might__have__made__the__wrong__decision.
3.deliver vt.& vi. 遞送；傳達　vt. 發(fā)表(教材P54)
delivery n. 遞送；傳送 deliver ... to ... 把……遞送給…… deliver a speech 發(fā)表演說 express delivery 快遞 a delivery man 快遞員
【語境感知】
①I usually have fast food delivered to my office.
我通常叫人把快餐送到我的辦公室。
②When it was my turn to deliver a speech, I was so nervous and embarrassed.
當輪到我演講時，我感到非常緊張和尷尬。(心理描寫)
③We offer a comprehensive range of express delivery options for a small additional charge.
我們提供全面的快遞服務(wù)，只收取少量的額外費用。
【學(xué)會運用】單句語法填空
①Please take delivery (deliver) of the goods at the station next Friday.
②The damaged roads made it difficult to deliver food and supplies to those in need.
【學(xué)會表達】完成句子
③當我收到貴校的演講邀請時，我感到非常興奮。
I felt very excited when I received the invitation to__deliver__a__speech__in__your__school.
4.effect n. 影響；結(jié)果；效果(教材P55)
effective adj. 有效的 effectively adv. 有效地；實際上 have an effect on/upon ... 對……有影響/效果 take effect/come into effect 生效 carry/bring/put ... into effect 實施 in effect 實際上；有效 side effect 副作用
【語境感知】
①Individual talent will have positive effects on team performance.
個人才能對團隊表現(xiàn)有積極影響。
②The traffic laws don't take effect/come into effect until the end of the year.
交通法要到年底才生效。
③The person, viewed as a hero, in effect is a writer popular with young people.
這個被視為英雄的人，實際上是一個受年輕人歡迎的作家。
易混詞 區(qū)別
affect 用作動詞，指“產(chǎn)生的影響之大足以引起反應(yīng)”，著重“影響”的動作，有時含有“對……產(chǎn)生不利影響”的意思
effect 用作名詞，指“效果，作用”；用作動詞，指“按照某人的愿望產(chǎn)生，引起”
【學(xué)會運用】單句語法填空
①It's an extremely effective (effect) cure for a headache.
②The present system of payment will remain in effect until the end of the rental agreement.
③When do the new driving laws come into effect
④Great scientific achievements will have a positive effect on/upon our life as well as society.
【學(xué)會表達】一句多譯
⑤汽車對人們的生活方式產(chǎn)生了極大的影響。
Automobiles have__a__great__effect__on/upon__the__lifestyles__of__people. (effect)
＝Automobiles affect__the__lifestyles__of__people__greatly. (affect)
5.length n. 長；長度→lengthen v. 延長；加長；使伸長→long adj. 長的
【語境感知】
We measured the length of the living room and found it was 6.3 meters long.
我們測量了客廳的長度，發(fā)現(xiàn)它有6.3米長。
【學(xué)會運用】單句語法填空
①As the summer approached, days lengthened (length)．
【學(xué)會表達】翻譯句子
②我們這里離任何一個地方都很遠。
We're__a__long__way__from__anywhere__here.
③有些魚可以長到四英尺長。
Some__fish__can__grow__to__a__length__of__four__feet.
6.wave [熟義]　n. 海浪；波浪 [生義]　vi.& vt. 揮手；招手
【語境感知】
①The beach was rapidly cleared of people, just before the huge waves crashed the coast.
就在巨浪沖擊海岸之前，海灘上的人很快就被疏散了。
②With the math problem worked out, we waved goodbye to our teacher and left the classroom.
數(shù)學(xué)問題解決了，我們向老師揮手告別，離開了教室。
【學(xué)會運用】單句語法填空
①All she could hear was the sound of the waves (wave).
②I showed my pass to the security guard and he waved (wave) me through.
【學(xué)會表達】翻譯句子
③第三個浪頭如此猛烈，把我擊得往后退。
The__third__wave__was__so__strong__that__it__knocked__me__backward.
④火車消失在遠處時，媽媽還在揮手。
Mom__was__still__waving__as__the__train__disappeared__in__the__distance.
探究二　長難句分析
7.I was having breakfast with my three children when water started filling my home.(教材P54) 當時我和三個孩子正在吃早飯，海水開始灌入屋內(nèi)。
【分析】　be doing sth when ... 意為“正在做某事，這時突然……”。 類似此句式的其他常用句式： be about to do sth when ... 意為“正要做某事，這時(突然)……” be on the point of doing sth when ... 意為“正要做某事，這時(突然)……” had scarcely/just done sth when ... 意為“剛做完某事，這時(突然)……”
【語境感知】
①We were having meeting when Tom broke in.
我們正在開會，這時突然湯姆破門而入。
②I was about to go shopping when he called me to go back to the school.
我正打算去購物的時候，他突然打電話叫我回學(xué)校。
③I was on the point of opening the door when the phone rang.
我正要開門的時候，電話突然響了。
④He had just finished his job when the power was off.
他剛完成工作，突然斷電了。
【學(xué)會運用】單句語法填空
①I was about to go out when it began to rain.
②She had just finished her homework when her mother asked (ask) her to practice playing the piano.
③We were__picking (pick) apples in the garden when we caught sight of some farmers working in the fields.
【學(xué)會表達】翻譯句子
④昨天我在看書時，突然有人敲門。
Yesterday__I__was__reading__a__book__when__someone__knocked__at__the__door.
Ⅰ.匹配詞義
a.匹配下列單詞的詞義
(E)1.crash A．n.& vt. 破壞；毀壞
(C)2.emergency B．n. 努力；艱難的嘗試；盡力
(D)3.context C．n. 突發(fā)事件；緊急情況
(B)4.effort D．n. 上下文；語境；背景
(A)5.ruin　　 E．vt.& vi. 碰撞　n. 撞車
b.匹配下列短語的詞義
(E)6.sweep away A.多達
(C)7.stand at B.實施；執(zhí)行
(A)8.as many as C.達到
(D)9.be expected to D.預(yù)計
(B)10.carry out　　　 E.消滅；徹底消除
Ⅱ.默寫單詞
1．wisdom n. 智慧；才智
2．length n. 長；長度
3．wave n. 海浪；波浪　vi.& vt. 揮手；招手
4．disaster n. 災(zāi)難；災(zāi)害
5．strike vi.& vt. 侵襲；擊打　n. 罷工；罷課；襲擊
6．damage vt. 損害；破壞　n. 損壞；損失
7．deliver vt.& vi. 遞送；傳達　vt. 發(fā)表
8．sweep vt.& vi. 打掃；清掃
9．summary n. 總結(jié)；概括；概要
10．effect n. 影響；結(jié)果；效果
Ⅲ.選詞填空
crash, sweep, strike, deliver, wave, summary, length, effect
1．Waving my hand outside, I caught sight of my friend looking at me with tears in her eyes.
2．When I arrived he was sweeping the leaves from the driveway.
3．She is due to deliver a lecture on genetic engineering.
4．I've just made a summary of the main points.
5．These and other such measures ought to have been put into effect in 1985.
6．After last year's long strike,__few people want more industrial action.
7．Her brother borrowed her motorbike and tried to avoid crashing it.
8．He struck a match, and held it at arm's length．
Ⅳ.單句語法填空
1．I strongly recommended that effective (effect) measures should be taken to solve the problem.
2．The cleaner was sweeping up fallen leaves on the ground when suddenly a car was driven towards him.
3．Food delivery (deliver) service workers are pressured because of competing hard for business.
4．For those of you who may be unfamiliar with the play I'll give a brief summary (sum) of the plot.
5．You can adjust the length (long) of time that the light remains on.
6．Why the two trains crashed (crash) into each other still remains unknown, but the police say that it could be due to the heavy snow.
7．It suddenly struck me that how we could improve the situation.
8．Bill waved his hand to/at us and then drove away.
Ⅴ.完成表達
1．They are increasing their efforts to educate teens about the side__effects (副作用) of losing weight too quickly.
2．On Qingming Festival, people usually visit their ancestors' graves to__sweep__away__the__dirt (掃除塵土)．
3．The president will deliver__a__speech (發(fā)表演說) about schools.
Ⅵ.完整表達
1．人們將永遠不會忘記那些為國家做出杰出貢獻的科學(xué)家。(定語從句)
People__will__never__forget__the__scientists__who/that__make/have__made__great__contributions__to__the__country.
2．我正開車去倫敦，這時突然發(fā)現(xiàn)自己走錯了路。(be doing sth when ...)
I__was__driving__down__to__London__when__I__suddenly__found__that__I__was__on__the__wrong__road.
3．你的飲食習(xí)慣可能會影響你的體形。(have an effect on/upon ...)
Your__eating__habits__may__have__an__effect__on/upon__your__figure.
課后課時作業(yè)
較易題(占比30%)　中檔題(占比40%)　拔高題(占比30%)
題號 Ⅰ
A B Ⅱ
難度 ★★★ ★ ★★
Ⅰ　閱讀
A
(2024·安徽阜陽高一上月考)Every year the start of the Atlantic hurricane season is another reminder for Margarite August that she still doesn't have a roof.
The 70－year－old retired teacher's home on the small Caribbean island nation of Dominica was mostly wiped out by hurricane Maria six years ago.
Six years after hurricane Maria, Dominicans like Margarite August still haven't been able to rehabilitate their homes.
August is not alone. Since Maria, the government of Dominica has built 7，000 new homes—about a quarter of its housing stock—with materials to fight another Category 5 hurricane. They've also relocated two communities. But an untold number of the island's 70，000 or so residents are like August, rebuilding their homes in any way they can afford.
Hurricane Maria is often referred to as a once－in－a－lifetime disaster. Scientists put much of the blame on warming ocean temperatures that could make frequent storms like it.
Maria damaged a terrible 95% of Dominica's housing stock and 226% of the nation's GDP. Before the storm, the country's economy had long struggled since its independence from Great Britain in 1978. Unlike its more famous touristy neighbors along the chain of eastern Caribbean islands it lies on, Dominica is more known for its rugged mountains and jungles (叢林) than white sandy beaches.
The jungle mountains that crash down to the coast are beautiful but disasters visit easily. “I don't think anybody ever got over Maria，” says Christine John of the Dominica Red Cross. “There are a lot of persons today—if it just starts to rain outside, they get anxious.”
篇章導(dǎo)讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章主要講述了颶風(fēng)瑪麗亞對加勒比海小國多米尼加造成了嚴重破壞，島上的很多居民仍然無法重建家園。
1．What does the underlined word “rehabilitate” in Paragraph 3 mean？(　　)
A．Rebuild. B．Leave.
C．Decorate. D．Buy.
答案：A
解析：詞義猜測題。根據(jù)第一段及第二段內(nèi)容可知，Margarite August (瑪格麗特·奧古斯特)的家被颶風(fēng)摧毀了，但是她無法重建家園。由此可知，畫線詞意為“重建”。故選A。
2．What is the main cause of frequent extreme storms according to scientists？(　　)
A．Over－farming.
B．Loss of the land.
C．The disappearance of the forests.
D．Climate change.
答案：D
解析：細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段中的“Scientists put much ... storms like it.”可知，科學(xué)家認為氣候變化是引起極端風(fēng)暴頻發(fā)的主要原因。故選D。
3．What is Dominica known for according to the text？(　　)
A．Its good economy.
B．Its architecture.
C．Its mountains and jungles.
D．Its sandy beaches.
答案：C
解析：細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第六段中的“Dominica is more known for its rugged mountains and jungles (叢林) than white sandy beaches”可知，多米尼加以高山和叢林聞名。故選C。
4．Why are Dominicans nervous when it rains？(　　)
A．They have to stay bored at home.
B．Their houses are easy to take in water.
C．They don't know how to make umbrellas.
D．They are afraid of another disaster like Maria.
答案：D
解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段內(nèi)容可知，Christine John (克里斯汀·約翰)認為沒有人能從颶風(fēng)瑪麗亞的陰影中走出來，如果外面開始下雨，人們就會焦慮。由此可推知，多米尼加人談雨色變主要是因為人們害怕再發(fā)生像颶風(fēng)瑪麗亞那樣的災(zāi)難。故選D。
B
(2024·江西高一上學(xué)期階段練習(xí))Fishing trips to Canada are a tradition for Jeffrey Hardy and his three friends from America. This summer in 2023, the forest air polluted with wildfire smoke forced the men to give up their mid June fishing plan. Canada's wildfire season put its tourism industry at a crucial time.
Except some days of poor air quality, major Canadian cities remain unaffected by wildfires. The fires are in the country's northern areas that have drawn travelers interested in outdoor experiences in years past.
In a recent report by Destination Canada, a marketing organization, half of the total spent by international visitors is in Vancouver, Toronto and Montreal. But other Canadian destinations attractive to visitors have been affected by the wildfires.
In preparation for increasing visitor sizes and ongoing wildfires, some businesses are thinking about changing their operations, which see outdoor recreation (娛樂) as a tourism opportunity. A nonprofit travel agency is considering creating a questionnaire (調(diào)查問卷) for customers to show when they would cancel a booking because of road closes from the wildfires, poor air quality and a lack of visibility.
Tourism in British Columbia contributes greatly to its economy. The province has various recreational offerings, from the major ski destinations to hiking along the coast. Blackcomb, a helicopter tour company, has canceled its sightseeing offerings, using most of its helicopters on the firefighting effort until at least early August. “It's the question of flying our customers around on sightseeing tours or putting out fires within 10 kilometers of our bases and the communities that we live in，” said Jordy Norris, the company's tourism director. “We made it clear to both our staff and our customers that we have a duty to protect the backyard.”
Darrin Rigo, a photographer, recently saw a photo of a beautiful waterfall engulfed in fire on a media page. “I'm sure that's not going to last long, and everything will turn to normal，” he said.
篇章導(dǎo)讀：本文是一篇說明文。加拿大的山林大火使旅游業(yè)受到很大的影響，但是人們依然對加拿大旅游業(yè)的發(fā)展充滿信心。
5．Which part of Canada is most affected by the wildfire？(　　)
A．Canada's central part.
B．The northern areas.
C．Major Canadian cities.
D．Places with few visitors.
答案：B
解析：細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段內(nèi)容可知，這次山火主要影響的是加拿大的北部地區(qū)。故選B。
6．What can be inferred about Jordy Norris？(　　)
A．He is sad about his company's loss from the fire.
B．He is confident about the use of the questionnaire.
C．He is glad to join in the fight against the wildfire.
D．He is stressed about the fire's effect on his company.
答案：C
解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段中的“It's the question ... to protect the backyard.”可推知，Jordy Norris (喬迪·諾里斯)為自己的公司能夠參加滅火行動感到高興。故選C。
7．What does the underlined word “engulfed” in Paragraph 6 mean？(　　)
A．Covered. B．Donated.
C．Rescued. D．Protected.
答案：A
解析：詞義猜測題。根據(jù)畫線詞上文“a photo of a beautiful waterfall”以及下文“in fire on a media page”可知，照片里這個美麗的瀑布被野火籠罩著。由此可知，畫線詞意為“籠罩，覆蓋”。故選A。
8．Which of the following can be the best title for the text？(　　)
A．Tourism Suffers Great Loss in the Wildfire
B．All of Canada Have Acted to Beat Wildfire
C．Most of Canada Is Affected by the Wildfire
D．Wildfire Won't Stop Canada's Tourism Development
答案：D
解析：標題判斷題。通讀全文可知，文章講述了一場山火對加拿大旅游業(yè)的影響，但人們對未來旅游業(yè)的發(fā)展仍持樂觀態(tài)度。由此可知，D項(野火不會阻止加拿大旅游業(yè)的發(fā)展)最適合作為文章標題。故選D。
Ⅱ　應(yīng)用文寫作
(2024·四川省綿竹中學(xué)高一上月考)假設(shè)你是國際學(xué)校的學(xué)生會主席李華，這個周日你們學(xué)校將邀請地震專家王教授來校進行地震知識講座，請你代表學(xué)生會用英語寫一則通知，請同學(xué)們積極參加。內(nèi)容包括：
1．活動目的；
2．講座時間、地點和內(nèi)容；
3．注意事項。
注意：1.寫作詞數(shù)應(yīng)為80個左右；
2．可以適當增加細節(jié)，以使行文連貫。
Notice
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
Student Union
[精彩范文]
Notice
To help students learn something about earthquakes，our school will invite Professor Wang, an expert in earthquakes, to give us a lecture in the school hall at 9 o'clock on Sunday morning. All the students are welcome to attend it.
Professor Wang will share with us some knowledge about earthquakes, such as the cause and damage of them. He will teach some important skills to protect ourselves and survive the earthquake. I strongly believe this lecture can benefit us a lot.
By the way, you should arrive before 8：50.
Student Union
　單元寫作
單元寫作——新聞報道的概要寫作
本單元的寫作項目是寫一篇“摘要”，屬于概要寫作范疇，寫作時需注意以下幾點：
1．理解文章主旨：首先，快速瀏覽全文，了解新聞報道的主要內(nèi)容、時間和地點等。
2．確定關(guān)鍵信息：識別文章中的關(guān)鍵信息，如事件的參與者、起因、經(jīng)過、結(jié)果以及重要細節(jié)。
3．組織信息：將關(guān)鍵信息按照邏輯順序組織起來，形成一個清晰、連貫的概要。
4．編寫概要：用最簡潔明了的語言編寫概要，避免冗余和無關(guān)緊要的細節(jié)。
新聞報道的特點是：真實、新鮮、及時、重要、趣味可讀、時效性強。概述此類文章時，語言表達要準確、簡明扼要，總結(jié)概述具體事實，不可帶有感彩。
A ________ (事件) is going on in ________ (發(fā)生地點), which attracts people ________ (要點1). The ________ is a link between Chinese and Western culture (要點2). Besides, there are also ________ (要點3). The ________ runs from Friday to Sunday (要點4).
1．Last Sunday witnessed the meaningful activity ..., organized by ..., which had a great effect on us.
上周日，由……組織的……活動很有意義，對我們有很大的影響。
2．Last Saturday morning, a severe earthquake suddenly happened.
上周六早上，一場強烈的地震突然發(fā)生了。
3．Recently, a survey has been done to find out ...
最近，一項已實施的調(diào)查發(fā)現(xiàn)……
4．The survey shows that half of the girls choose ..., while 48% of the boys ...
調(diào)查發(fā)現(xiàn)一半的女生選……，而48%的男生……
5．These old people have experienced all kinds of suffering in their difficult times.
這些老人在困難時期經(jīng)歷了種種苦難。
6．All the listeners were greatly shocked when they heard the terrible news on the radio.
當所有聽眾從廣播中聽到這個可怕的消息時，他們都感到非常震驚。
7．A large number of soldiers were sent there to rescue those trapped in the building.
大批士兵被派往那里營救被困在大樓里的人。
8．Most impressively, they also donated lots of..., which would be collected and delivered to the schools in the poor areas.
最令人印象深刻的是，他們還捐贈了大量……，這些……將被收集并送到貧困地區(qū)的學(xué)校。
9．It was not until half past six in the evening that the activity came to an end.
直到晚上六點半，活動才結(jié)束。
10．Not only did it promote our friendship, but also enriched our school life.
這不僅增進了我們的友誼，而且豐富了我們的學(xué)校生活。
11．The participants benefitted a lot from it, expecting more activities like this in the future.
參與者們從中受益匪淺，期待今后能有更多這樣的活動。
12．The activity provided a platform for all the students to appreciate ..., from which they benefitted a lot.
這次活動為所有學(xué)生提供了一個欣賞……的平臺，他們從中受益匪淺。
閱讀下面材料，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容寫一篇60個詞左右的內(nèi)容概要。
(2024·福建廈門高一上期末)For nearly 20 years, natural disasters yearly affected about 300 million people and destroyed more than 3 million buildings, causing great damage to China's economy. Therefore, the disaster prevention and reduction is an important issue for China. To save lives and reduce losses, the Chinese government has taken the following effective measures.
As an important part, the management on disaster information has been strengthened. So far, China has realized the 24－h(huán)our monitoring (監(jiān)控) of disasters all over the country and established an early warning system. These are particularly important to save lives, especially in the case of an earthquake. According to Chengdu High tech Disaster Reduction Institute, even a three second early warning can reduce deaths and injuries by 14 percent.
Besides, the Chinese government has been raising the public's awareness of disaster prevention and reduction in an all round way. Disaster－related knowledge has been included in school textbooks, and general education about disaster prevention and reduction has been given to the public. For example, in the wake of Wenchuan earthquake, the Chinese government decided to make May 12th “Disaster Prevention and Reduction Day”. Every year, a series of publicity activities is organized with rich content and different forms.
Apart from that, the Chinese government has improved social disaster relief system. Concerning relief efforts, the Chinese government has set up a social donation system. This encourages all industries of society to make donations. In addition, related volunteer service has been developed. Under the guidance of the Chinese government, non governmental organizations, volunteers and social workers all actively join in the cause. They cooperate well with the government in rescue work, such as medical work and supply delivery.
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
寫前導(dǎo)讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了自然災(zāi)害的影響、防災(zāi)減災(zāi)的重要性以及中國政府所采取的應(yīng)對措施。
[精彩范文]
Over the past 20 years, natural disasters have caused huge losses to Chinese economy every year. Therefore, disaster prevention and reduction is an important issue facing China. In order to save lives and reduce losses, the Chinese government has taken the following effective measures. Disaster information management, as an important part of disater management, has been strengthened. The Chinese government has been raising public awareness of disaster prevention and reduction and improved the social disaster relief system.
17(共82張PPT)
WELCOME UNIT
UNIT 4　NATURAL DISASTERS
Section Ⅳ　Reading for Writing & Assessing Your Progress
預(yù)學(xué)檢測 單詞打卡
自主學(xué)習(xí) 課文語篇
目錄
CONTENTS
1
2
合作探究 課時重點
3
對點練習(xí) 鞏固所學(xué)
4
課后課時作業(yè)
5
預(yù)學(xué)檢測 單詞打卡
一、閱讀單詞：寫出漢語含義
　crash vt.& vi. ______________　n. _______________
二、核心單詞：寫出英文單詞
1．_________ vt.& vi. 打掃；清掃
2．__________ vi.& vt. 侵襲；突擊；擊打　n. 罷工；罷課；襲擊
3．_________ vt.& vi. 遞送；傳達　vt. 發(fā)表
4．_________ n. 影響；結(jié)果；效果
碰撞；撞擊
撞車；碰撞
sweep
strike
deliver
effect
三、拓展單詞：寫出英文單詞，并嘗試寫出其詞性轉(zhuǎn)換(可查字典)
1．__________ n. 總結(jié)；概括；概要→_______ v. 概括，總結(jié)；求……的和
2．_________ n. 長；長度→________ v. 延長；加長；使伸長→_____ adj. 長的
四、熟詞生義：寫出熟義
wave 熟義：n. _______________
生義：vi.& vt. 揮手；招手
五、核心短語：寫出英語表達
___________ 消滅；徹底消除
summary
sum
length
lengthen
long
海浪；波浪
sweep away
Affix (prefix/suffix) 含義 例詞
per _________________________________ _______, perfect, permit, perceive, pervade
uni _______________ ________, uniform, universe, unique, university
al 形容詞后綴，表示“______________ ___________”；名詞后綴，表示“__________________________” _______________, survival, arrival, emotional, criminal
ency 名詞后綴，表示“_______________” _____________, agency, currency, efficiency, deficiency
六、構(gòu)詞法
穿過；徹底地；整個地；每一；每個
percent
一個，單個的
unify
關(guān)于……的；屬于……的
動作，過程，狀態(tài)
revival
能力，狀態(tài)，性質(zhì)
emergency
自主學(xué)習(xí) 課文語篇
The Daily News
TSUNAMI HITS ASIA: OVER 6，500 DEAD
By Robert Woodhouse　　　Monday, 27 December 2004
每日新聞
海嘯襲擊亞洲：6，500余人喪生
羅伯特·伍德豪斯　星期一 　2004年12月27日
課文三維剖析
The most powerful earthquake in the past 40 years caused a tsunami that1 crashed into coastlines across Asia yesterday, killing more than 6，500 people2 in Indonesia, India, Thailand, Malaysia, and at least four　 other countries. Fishermen, tourists, hotels, homes, and cars were swept away by huge waves caused by the strong earthquake3 that4 reached a magnitude of 9.0. The undersea quake struck around 7：00 a．m., Sunday off the west coast of Indonesia's Sumatra Island. In that area alone, at least 1，870 people were killed.
1 引導(dǎo)__________從句，修飾____________
2 現(xiàn)在分詞短語作___________
3 過去分詞短語作________，修飾waves
4 引導(dǎo)_________從句，修飾__________________
定語
tsunami
結(jié)果狀語
后置定語
定語
earthquake
昨日，40年來最為強烈的地震引發(fā)海嘯，重創(chuàng)亞洲沿海地帶，造成印度尼西亞、印度、泰國、馬來西亞和至少其他四個國家的6，500多人死亡。漁民、游客、酒店、住房和汽車都被9.0級強震所引發(fā)的巨浪卷走。海嘯巨浪由周日上午7：00許發(fā)生在印度尼西亞蘇門答臘島西岸附近海域的海底地震引發(fā)。僅該地區(qū)就有至少1，870人死亡。
In Sri Lanka, some 1，600 kilometres west of the quake centre, the number of deaths stood at 2，498, and5 one million more were affected by the tsunami, government officials said. Indian officials said as many as 1，900 had been killed along the southern coast. Another 254 were found dead in Thailand and 54 in three other countries. In southern Thailand, 1，900 people were hurt and many more were missing, local officials said. “I was having breakfast with my three children when6 water started filling my home. We had to leave everything and7 run to safety，” said Chandra Theeravit, a local Thai woman.
5 連接并列句the number of ... at 2，498和one million ... by the tsunami
6 be doing sth when ... 表示“________________________”
7 連接并列的謂語動詞leave和run
正在做某事，這時(突然)……
政府官員稱，在斯里蘭卡，震中以西約1，600千米處，死亡人數(shù)高達2，498人，另有100多萬人受到海嘯的影響。印度官員稱，南部海岸地區(qū)有多達1，900人喪生。泰國另有254人死亡，其他三個國家有54人喪生。當?shù)毓賳T表示，泰國南部有1，900人受傷，失蹤人數(shù)則更多。泰國當?shù)氐囊晃粙D女錢德拉·特拉維說：“當時我和三個孩子正在吃早飯，海水開始灌入屋內(nèi)。我們只好扔下一切，跑到安全地帶。”
Thousands of people are still missing, and the number of deaths is expected to grow even higher8 over the next few days. Foreign aid is being organised for the tsunami hit countries. However, dangerous conditions and damaged roads will make it difficult to deliver food and supplies9.
仍有成千上萬人失蹤，預(yù)計未來幾天死亡人數(shù)還將增加。目前正在為這些受災(zāi)國家組織國外援助。然而，由于條件險惡和道路受損，食物運送和物資補給將非常困難。
8 形容詞的比較級
9 make＋it＋adj.＋to do sth 表示“____________________”，it為____________，不定式短語to do sth為__________
使做某事變得……
形式賓語
真正的賓語
(一)文章分段大意
閱讀領(lǐng)悟
(二)根據(jù)課文總結(jié)新聞稿的結(jié)構(gòu)
who
when
why
details
effect
合作探究 課時重點
探究一　熱詞
（一）高頻詞
1.sweep v. (swept, swept) 打掃；清掃；闊步走，大模大樣地走　n. 打掃，清掃(教材P54)
sweep away 消滅；徹底消除
sweep up 打掃；清掃
sweep aside 拒不理會；全然無視
sweep through 掠過(某地)；蔓延
make a clean sweep of 徹底掃除；全部撤換
【語境感知】
①Everyone looked up as she swept into the room.
她沖進房間的時候，每個人都抬頭看她。(動作描寫)
②He was left to sweep up after the party.
宴會結(jié)束后，他被留下來做打掃工作。
③The fire swept through the house.
火勢迅速在房子里蔓延開來。
【學(xué)會運用】單句語法填空
①Get a broom and sweep _____ that glass, will you
②I want to make _____ clean sweep of everything I've learnt and start afresh.
【學(xué)會表達】完成句子
③春節(jié)前我們打掃房子，掃除霉運。(風(fēng)俗習(xí)慣)
We clean the house and _________________________before the Spring Festival.
up
a
sweep away bad luck
2.strike v. (struck, struck/stricken) 侵襲；突擊；擊打；敲；報時；突然想到　n. 罷工；罷課；襲擊(教材P54)
be struck by/with ... 被……擊中；(引申義)被……打動；迷戀……
It strikes sb that ... ＝It occurs to sb that ... 某人突然想到……
strike a match 劃火柴
strike twelve (鐘)敲12點
go on strike 舉行罷工(表示動作)
be on strike 在罷工(表示狀態(tài))
【語境感知】
①Midnight had just struck when I went upstairs to bed.
我上樓睡覺時，時鐘剛剛敲過午夜12點。
②Sitting at her desk, she was struck by the thought that there had to be something more to life.
她坐在書桌前，突然意識到生活一定還意味著更多的東西。
③It strikes me that you'd be better off working for someone else.
我覺得你換個老板處境會好些。
【學(xué)會運用】寫出下列句中strike的詞性及含義
①Even in the summertime we might be struck by blizzards. ________
②The clock was striking ten as we went into the church. ___________
③A wonderful idea struck me suddenly when I was walking on the street. ______________
④Staff at the hospital went on strike in protest at the incidents. __________
【學(xué)會表達】翻譯句子
⑤我突然意識到我們可能做出了錯誤的決定。
______________________________________________________________
v. 侵襲
v.敲響
v.突然想到
n.罷工
It struck me that we might have made the wrong decision.
3.deliver vt.& vi. 遞送；傳達　vt. 發(fā)表(教材P54)
delivery n. 遞送；傳送
deliver ... to ... 把……遞送給……
deliver a speech 發(fā)表演說
express delivery 快遞
a delivery man 快遞員
【語境感知】
①I usually have fast food delivered to my office.
我通常叫人把快餐送到我的辦公室。
②When it was my turn to deliver a speech, I was so nervous and embarrassed.
當輪到我演講時，我感到非常緊張和尷尬。(心理描寫)
③We offer a comprehensive range of express delivery options for a small additional charge.
我們提供全面的快遞服務(wù)，只收取少量的額外費用。
【學(xué)會運用】單句語法填空
①Please take ___________ (deliver) of the goods at the station next Friday.
②The damaged roads made it difficult to deliver food and supplies ___ those in need.
【學(xué)會表達】完成句子
③當我收到貴校的演講邀請時，我感到非常興奮。
I felt very excited when I received the invitation_____________________________.
delivery
to
to deliver a speech in your school
4.effect n. 影響；結(jié)果；效果(教材P55)
effective adj. 有效的
effectively adv. 有效地；實際上
have an effect on/upon ... 對……有影響/效果
take effect/come into effect 生效
carry/bring/put ... into effect 實施
in effect 實際上；有效
side effect 副作用
【語境感知】
①Individual talent will have positive effects on team performance.
個人才能對團隊表現(xiàn)有積極影響。
②The traffic laws don't take effect/come into effect until the end of the year.
交通法要到年底才生效。
③The person, viewed as a hero, in effect is a writer popular with young people.
這個被視為英雄的人，實際上是一個受年輕人歡迎的作家。
易混詞 區(qū)別
affect 用作動詞，指“產(chǎn)生的影響之大足以引起反應(yīng)”，著重“影響”的動作，有時含有“對……產(chǎn)生不利影響”的意思
effect 用作名詞，指“效果，作用”；用作動詞，指“按照某人的愿望產(chǎn)生，引起”
【學(xué)會運用】單句語法填空
①It's an extremely _________ (effect) cure for a headache.
②The present system of payment will remain ____effect until the end of the rental agreement.
③When do the new driving laws come _______ effect
④Great scientific achievements will have a positive effect _________ our life as well as society.
effective
in
into
on/upon
【學(xué)會表達】一句多譯
⑤汽車對人們的生活方式產(chǎn)生了極大的影響。
Automobiles___________________________________________________. (effect)
＝Automobiles_________________________________. (affect)
have a great effect on/upon the lifestyles of people
affect the lifestyles of people greatly
（二）拓展詞)
5.length n. 長；長度→__________ v. 延長；加長；使伸長→_______ adj. 長的
lengthen
long
【語境感知】
We measured the length of the living room and found it was 6.3 meters long.
我們測量了客廳的長度，發(fā)現(xiàn)它有6.3米長。
【學(xué)會運用】單句語法填空
①As the summer approached, days ____________ (length)．
【學(xué)會表達】翻譯句子
②我們這里離任何一個地方都很遠。
_____________________________________________________
③有些魚可以長到四英尺長。
______________________________________________________
lengthened
We're a long way from anywhere here.
Some fish can grow to a length of four feet.
6.wave [熟義]　n. 海浪；波浪
[生義]　vi.& vt. _________________
（三）熟詞生義
揮手；招手
【語境感知】
①The beach was rapidly cleared of people, just before the huge waves crashed the coast.
就在巨浪沖擊海岸之前，海灘上的人很快就被疏散了。
②With the math problem worked out, we waved goodbye to our teacher and left the classroom.
數(shù)學(xué)問題解決了，我們向老師揮手告別，離開了教室。
【學(xué)會運用】單句語法填空
①All she could hear was the sound of the ________ (wave).
②I showed my pass to the security guard and he ________ (wave) me through.
【學(xué)會表達】翻譯句子
③第三個浪頭如此猛烈，把我擊得往后退。
__________________________________________________________
④火車消失在遠處時，媽媽還在揮手。
___________________________________________________________
waves
waved
The third wave was so strong that it knocked me backward.
Mom was still waving as the train disappeared in the distance.
7.I was having breakfast with my three children when water started filling my home.(教材P54)
當時我和三個孩子正在吃早飯，海水開始灌入屋內(nèi)。
探究二　長難句分析
【分析】　be doing sth when ... 意為“正在做某事，這時突然……”。
類似此句式的其他常用句式：
be about to do sth when ... 意為“正要做某事，這時(突然)……”
be on the point of doing sth when ... 意為“正要做某事，這時(突然)……”
had scarcely/just done sth when ... 意為“剛做完某事，這時(突然)……”
【語境感知】
①We were having meeting when Tom broke in.
我們正在開會，這時突然湯姆破門而入。
②I was about to go shopping when he called me to go back to the school.
我正打算去購物的時候，他突然打電話叫我回學(xué)校。
③I was on the point of opening the door when the phone rang.
我正要開門的時候，電話突然響了。
④He had just finished his job when the power was off.
他剛完成工作，突然斷電了。
【學(xué)會運用】單句語法填空
①I was about to go out ______it began to rain.
②She had just finished her homework when her mother ________(ask) her to practice playing the piano.
③We _______________(pick) apples in the garden when we caught sight of some farmers working in the fields.
【學(xué)會表達】翻譯句子
④昨天我在看書時，突然有人敲門。
___________________________________________________________________
when
asked
were picking
Yesterday I was reading a book when someone knocked at the door.
對點練習(xí) 鞏固所學(xué)
Ⅰ.匹配詞義
a.匹配下列單詞的詞義
(____)1.crash A．n.& vt. 破壞；毀壞
(____)2.emergency B．n. 努力；艱難的嘗試；盡力
(____)3.context C．n. 突發(fā)事件；緊急情況
(____)4.effort D．n. 上下文；語境；背景
(____)5.ruin　　 E．vt.& vi. 碰撞　n. 撞車
E
C
D
B
A
b.匹配下列短語的詞義
(_____)6.sweep away A.多達
(_____)7.stand at B.實施；執(zhí)行
(_____)8.as many as C.達到
(_____)9.be expected to D.預(yù)計
(_____)10.carry out　　　 E.消滅；徹底消除
E
C
A
D
B
Ⅱ.默寫單詞
1．_________ n. 智慧；才智
2．_________ n. 長；長度
3．_________ n. 海浪；波浪　vi.& vt. 揮手；招手
4．_________ n. 災(zāi)難；災(zāi)害
5．_________ vi.& vt. 侵襲；擊打　n. 罷工；罷課；襲擊
6．_________ vt. 損害；破壞　n. 損壞；損失
7．_________ vt.& vi. 遞送；傳達　vt. 發(fā)表
8．_________ vt.& vi. 打掃；清掃
9．_________ n. 總結(jié)；概括；概要
10．________ n. 影響；結(jié)果；效果
wisdom
length
wave
disaster
strike
damage
deliver
sweep
summary
effect
Ⅲ.選詞填空
1．________ my hand outside, I caught sight of my friend looking at me with tears in her eyes.
2．When I arrived he ___________ the leaves from the driveway.
3．She is due to __________a lecture on genetic engineering.
4．I've just made a _________of the main points.
Waving
crash, sweep, strike, deliver, wave, summary, length, effect
was sweeping
deliver
summary
5．These and other such measures ought to have been put into ________in 1985.
6．After last year's long _______, few people want more industrial action.
7．Her brother borrowed her motorbike and tried to avoid ___________it.
8．He struck a match, and held it at arm’s ___________．
effect
strike
crashing
length
Ⅳ.單句語法填空
1．I strongly recommended that ____________(effect) measures should be taken to solve the problem.
2．The cleaner was sweeping up fallen leaves on the ground ________suddenly a car was driven towards him.
3．Food __________(deliver) service workers are pressured because of competing hard for business.
4．For those of you who may be unfamiliar with the play I'll give a brief ___________(sum) of the plot.
effective
when
delivery
summary
5．You can adjust the ___________(long) of time that the light remains on.
6．Why the two trains ___________(crash) into each other still remains unknown, but the police say that it could be due to the heavy snow.
7．_____ suddenly struck me that how we could improve the situation.
8．Bill waved his hand ______us and then drove away.
length
crashed
It
to/at
1．They are increasing their efforts to educate teens about the _______________(副作用) of losing weight too quickly.
2．On Qingming Festival, people usually visit their ancestors' graves _____________________(掃除塵土)．
3．The president will __________________(發(fā)表演說) about schools.
side effects
to sweep away the dirt
deliver a speech
Ⅵ.完整表達
1．人們將永遠不會忘記那些為國家做出杰出貢獻的科學(xué)家。(定語從句)
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
2．我正開車去倫敦，這時突然發(fā)現(xiàn)自己走錯了路。(be doing sth when ...)
____________________________________________________________________
3．你的飲食習(xí)慣可能會影響你的體形。(have an effect on/upon ...)
_____________________________________________________________
People will never forget the scientists who/that make/have made great ontributions to the country.
I was driving down to London when I suddenly found that I was on the wrong road.
Your eating habits may have an effect on/upon your figure
課后課時作業(yè)
較易題(占比30%)　中檔題(占比40%)　拔高題(占比30%)
題號 Ⅰ
A B Ⅱ
難度 ★★★ ★ ★★
Ⅰ　閱讀
A
(2024·安徽阜陽高一上月考)Every year the start of the Atlantic hurricane season is another reminder for Margarite August that she still doesn't have a roof.
The 70－year－old retired teacher's home on the small Caribbean island nation of Dominica was mostly wiped out by hurricane Maria six years ago.
Six years after hurricane Maria, Dominicans like Margarite August still haven't been able to rehabilitate their homes.
August is not alone. Since Maria, the government of Dominica has built 7，000 new homes—about a quarter of its housing stock—with materials to fight another Category 5 hurricane. They've also relocated two communities. But an untold number of the island's 70，000 or so residents are like August, rebuilding their homes in any way they can afford.
Hurricane Maria is often referred to as a once－in－a－lifetime disaster. Scientists put much of the blame on warming ocean temperatures that could make frequent storms like it.
Maria damaged a terrible 95% of Dominica's housing stock and 226% of the nation's GDP. Before the storm, the country's economy had long struggled since its independence from Great Britain in 1978. Unlike its more famous touristy neighbors along the chain of eastern Caribbean islands it lies on, Dominica is more known for its rugged mountains and jungles (叢林) than white sandy beaches.
The jungle mountains that crash down to the coast are beautiful but disasters visit easily. “I don’t think anybody ever got over Maria，” says Christine John of the Dominica Red Cross. “There are a lot of persons today—if it just starts to rain outside, they get anxious.”
篇章導(dǎo)讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章主要講述了颶風(fēng)瑪麗亞對加勒比海小國多米尼加造成了嚴重破壞，島上的很多居民仍然無法重建家園。
篇章導(dǎo)讀
1．What does the underlined word “rehabilitate” in Paragraph 3 mean？(　　)
A．Rebuild. B．Leave.
C．Decorate. D．Buy.
解析：詞義猜測題。根據(jù)第一段及第二段內(nèi)容可知，Margarite August (瑪格麗特·奧古斯特)的家被颶風(fēng)摧毀了，但是她無法重建家園。由此可知，畫線詞意為“重建”。故選A。
答案
解析
2．What is the main cause of frequent extreme storms according to scientists？(　　)
A．Over－farming.
B．Loss of the land.
C．The disappearance of the forests.
D．Climate change.
解析：細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段中的“Scientists put much ... storms like it.”可知，科學(xué)家認為氣候變化是引起極端風(fēng)暴頻發(fā)的主要原因。故選D。
答案
解析
3．What is Dominica known for according to the text？(　　)
A．Its good economy.
B．Its architecture.
C．Its mountains and jungles.
D．Its sandy beaches.
解析：細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第六段中的“Dominica is more known for its rugged mountains and jungles (叢林) than white sandy beaches”可知，多米尼加以高山和叢林聞名。故選C。
答案
解析
4．Why are Dominicans nervous when it rains？(　　)
A．They have to stay bored at home.
B．Their houses are easy to take in water.
C．They don't know how to make umbrellas.
D．They are afraid of another disaster like Maria.
解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段內(nèi)容可知，Christine John (克里斯汀·約翰)認為沒有人能從颶風(fēng)瑪麗亞的陰影中走出來，如果外面開始下雨，人們就會焦慮。由此可推知，多米尼加人談雨色變主要是因為人們害怕再發(fā)生像颶風(fēng)瑪麗亞那樣的災(zāi)難。故選D。
答案
解析
B
(2024·江西高一上學(xué)期階段練習(xí))Fishing trips to Canada are a tradition for Jeffrey Hardy and his three friends from America. This summer in 2023, the forest air polluted with wildfire smoke forced the men to give up their mid June fishing plan. Canada's wildfire season put its tourism industry at a crucial time.
Except some days of poor air quality, major Canadian cities remain unaffected by wildfires. The fires are in the country's northern areas that have drawn travelers interested in outdoor experiences in years past.
In a recent report by Destination Canada, a marketing organization, half of the total spent by international visitors is in Vancouver, Toronto and Montreal. But other Canadian destinations attractive to visitors have been affected by the wildfires.
In preparation for increasing visitor sizes and ongoing wildfires, some businesses are thinking about changing their operations, which see outdoor recreation (娛樂) as a tourism opportunity. A nonprofit travel agency is considering creating a questionnaire (調(diào)查問卷) for customers to show when they would cancel a booking because of road closes from the wildfires, poor air quality and a lack of visibility.
Tourism in British Columbia contributes greatly to its economy. The province has various recreational offerings, from the major ski destinations to hiking along the coast. Blackcomb, a helicopter tour company, has canceled its sightseeing offerings, using most of its helicopters on the firefighting effort until at least early August. “It’s the question of flying our customers around on sightseeing tours or putting out fires within 10 kilometers of our bases and the communities that we live in，” said Jordy Norris, the company’s tourism director. “We made it clear to both our staff and our customers that we have a duty to protect the backyard.”
Darrin Rigo, a photographer, recently saw a photo of a beautiful waterfall engulfed in fire on a media page. “I'm sure that's not going to last long, and everything will turn to normal，” he said.
篇章導(dǎo)讀：本文是一篇說明文。加拿大的山林大火使旅游業(yè)受到很大的影響，但是人們依然對加拿大旅游業(yè)的發(fā)展充滿信心。
篇章導(dǎo)讀
5．Which part of Canada is most affected by the wildfire？(　　)
A．Canada's central part.
B．The northern areas.
C．Major Canadian cities.
D．Places with few visitors.
解析：細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段內(nèi)容可知，這次山火主要影響的是加拿大的北部地區(qū)。故選B。
答案
解析
6．What can be inferred about Jordy Norris？(　　)
A．He is sad about his company's loss from the fire.
B．He is confident about the use of the questionnaire.
C．He is glad to join in the fight against the wildfire.
D．He is stressed about the fire's effect on his company.
解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段中的“It's the question ... to protect the backyard.”可推知，Jordy Norris (喬迪·諾里斯)為自己的公司能夠參加滅火行動感到高興。故選C。
答案
解析
7．What does the underlined word “engulfed” in Paragraph 6 mean？(　　)
A．Covered. B．Donated.
C．Rescued. D．Protected.
解析：詞義猜測題。根據(jù)畫線詞上文“a photo of a beautiful waterfall”以及下文“in fire on a media page”可知，照片里這個美麗的瀑布被野火籠罩著。由此可知，畫線詞意為“籠罩，覆蓋”。故選A。
答案
解析
8．Which of the following can be the best title for the text？(　　)
A．Tourism Suffers Great Loss in the Wildfire
B．All of Canada Have Acted to Beat Wildfire
C．Most of Canada Is Affected by the Wildfire
D．Wildfire Won't Stop Canada's Tourism Development
解析：標題判斷題。通讀全文可知，文章講述了一場山火對加拿大旅游業(yè)的影響，但人們對未來旅游業(yè)的發(fā)展仍持樂觀態(tài)度。由此可知，D項(野火不會阻止加拿大旅游業(yè)的發(fā)展)最適合作為文章標題。故選D。
答案
解析
Ⅱ　應(yīng)用文寫作
(2024·四川省綿竹中學(xué)高一上月考)假設(shè)你是國際學(xué)校的學(xué)生會主席李華，這個周日你們學(xué)校將邀請地震專家王教授來校進行地震知識講座，請你代表學(xué)生會用英語寫一則通知，請同學(xué)們積極參加。內(nèi)容包括：
1．活動目的；
2．講座時間、地點和內(nèi)容；
3．注意事項。
注意：1.寫作詞數(shù)應(yīng)為80個左右；
2．可以適當增加細節(jié)，以使行文連貫。
Notice
﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍
[精彩范文]
Notice
To help students learn something about earthquakes，our school will invite Professor Wang, an expert in earthquakes, to give us a lecture in the school hall at 9 o'clock on Sunday morning. All the students are welcome to attend it.
Professor Wang will share with us some knowledge about earthquakes, such as the cause and damage of them. He will teach some important skills to protect ourselves and survive the earthquake. I strongly believe this lecture can benefit us a lot.
By the way, you should arrive before 8：50.
Student Union
答案
單元寫作——新聞報道的概要寫作
本單元的寫作項目是寫一篇“摘要”，屬于概要寫作范疇，寫作時需注意以下幾點：
1．理解文章主旨：首先，快速瀏覽全文，了解新聞報道的主要內(nèi)容、時間和地點等。
精深閱讀
2．確定關(guān)鍵信息：識別文章中的關(guān)鍵信息，如事件的參與者、起因、經(jīng)過、結(jié)果以及重要細節(jié)。
3．組織信息：將關(guān)鍵信息按照邏輯順序組織起來，形成一個清晰、連貫的
概要。
4．編寫概要：用最簡潔明了的語言編寫概要，避免冗余和無關(guān)緊要的細節(jié)。
新聞報道的特點是：真實、新鮮、及時、重要、趣味可讀、時效性強。概述此類文章時，語言表達要準確、簡明扼要，總結(jié)概述具體事實，不可帶有感彩。
A ________ (事件) is going on in ________ (發(fā)生地點), which attracts people ________ (要點1). The ________ is a link between Chinese and Western culture (要點2). Besides, there are also ________ (要點3). The ________ runs from Friday to Sunday (要點4).
1．Last Sunday witnessed the meaningful activity ..., organized by ..., which had a great effect on us.
上周日，由……組織的……活動很有意義，對我們有很大的影響。
2．Last Saturday morning, a severe earthquake suddenly happened.
上周六早上，一場強烈的地震突然發(fā)生了。
3．Recently, a survey has been done to find out ...
最近，一項已實施的調(diào)查發(fā)現(xiàn)……
4．The survey shows that half of the girls choose ..., while 48% of the boys ...
調(diào)查發(fā)現(xiàn)一半的女生選……，而48%的男生……
5．These old people have experienced all kinds of suffering in their difficult times.
這些老人在困難時期經(jīng)歷了種種苦難。
6．All the listeners were greatly shocked when they heard the terrible news on the radio.
當所有聽眾從廣播中聽到這個可怕的消息時，他們都感到非常震驚。
7．A large number of soldiers were sent there to rescue those trapped in the building.
大批士兵被派往那里營救被困在大樓里的人。
8．Most impressively, they also donated lots of ..., which would be collected and delivered to the schools in the poor areas.
最令人印象深刻的是，他們還捐贈了大量……，這些……將被收集并送到貧困地區(qū)的學(xué)校。
9．It was not until half past six in the evening that the activity came to an end.
直到晚上六點半，活動才結(jié)束。
10．Not only did it promote our friendship, but also enriched our school life.
這不僅增進了我們的友誼，而且豐富了我們的學(xué)校生活。
11．The participants benefitted a lot from it, expecting more activities like this in the future.
參與者們從中受益匪淺，期待今后能有更多這樣的活動。
12．The activity provided a platform for all the students to appreciate ..., from which they benefitted a lot.
這次活動為所有學(xué)生提供了一個欣賞……的平臺，他們從中受益匪淺。
閱讀下面材料，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容寫一篇60個詞左右的內(nèi)容概要。
(2024·福建廈門高一上期末)For nearly 20 years, natural disasters yearly affected about 300 million people and destroyed more than 3 million buildings, causing great damage to China's economy. Therefore, the disaster prevention and reduction is an important issue for China. To save lives and reduce losses, the Chinese government has taken the following effective measures.
As an important part, the management on disaster information has been strengthened. So far, China has realized the 24－h(huán)our monitoring (監(jiān)控) of disasters all over the country and established an early warning system. These are particularly important to save lives, especially in the case of an earthquake. According to Chengdu High tech Disaster Reduction Institute, even a three second early warning can reduce deaths and injuries by 14 percent.
Besides, the Chinese government has been raising the public's awareness of disaster prevention and reduction in an all round way. Disaster－related knowledge has been included in school textbooks, and general education about disaster prevention and reduction has been given to the public. For example, in the wake of Wenchuan earthquake, the Chinese government decided to make May 12th “Disaster Prevention and Reduction Day”. Every year, a series of publicity activities is organized with rich content and different forms.
Apart from that, the Chinese government has improved social disaster relief system. Concerning relief efforts, the Chinese government has set up a social donation system. This encourages all industries of society to make donations. In addition, related volunteer service has been developed. Under the guidance of the Chinese government, non governmental organizations, volunteers and social workers all actively join in the cause. They cooperate well with the government in rescue work, such as medical work and supply delivery.
﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍
篇章導(dǎo)讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了自然災(zāi)害的影響、防災(zāi)減災(zāi)的重要性以及中國政府所采取的應(yīng)對措施。
篇章導(dǎo)讀
[精彩范文]
Over the past 20 years, natural disasters have caused huge losses to Chinese economy every year. Therefore, disaster prevention and reduction is an important issue facing China. In order to save lives and reduce losses, the Chinese government has taken the following effective measures. Disaster information management, as an important part of disater management, has been strengthened. The Chinese government has been raising public awareness of disaster prevention and reduction and improved the social disaster relief system.

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