資源簡介

Period 4　 單元語法講練(Using language)
1．devote v．致力，獻身，傾注
(1)devote to 　　　　 致力于；獻身于
devote sth．to (doing)sth． 把……獻給；致力于
devote oneself to 致力于；獻身于；專心于
(2)devoted adj． 摯愛的；忠誠的
be devoted to (doing)sth． 獻身于(做)某事；專心致志于(做)某事
(3)devotion n． 深愛；奉獻
[即學即練]　單句語法填空/句式升級
①He always devotes his attention to _______(help)the homeless children．
②We appreciated his ________(devote)of time and money to the project．
③The young lady is devoted to teaching the deaf children，and she has little time to care for her own daughter．
→_____________________________________，the young lady has little time to care for her own daughter．(過去分詞短語作狀語)
→______________________________________________，the young lady has little time to care for her own daughter．(動詞-ing形式短語作狀語)
2．reserve n．(野生生物)保護區(qū)；貯存 v．保留；貯存；預訂
(1)without reserve　 　 毫無保留地；完全
keep sth．in reserve 保存某物以備用
(2)reserve sth．for sb． 為某人保留某物
reserve the right to do sth． 有做某事的權(quán)利
(3)reservation n． 保留；預訂(房間、座位等)
make a reservation 預訂(座位、房間等)
[即學即練]　單句語法填空/完成句子
①Say all you know and say it _______ reserve．
②A double room with a balcony has been reserved ___ him．
③I'd like to make a ___________(reserve)for two nights for my family and myself in this hotel．
④我們總是存些錢備用，以防萬一。
We always _________________________，just in case．
3．a(chǎn)ffect v．影響；打動；(疾病)侵襲
(1)be affected by　　 　　 受……影響；被……感動
be affected with a high fever 發(fā)高燒
(2)effect n． 作用；影響；結(jié)果
in effect 事實上
have an effect on 對……有影響
[即學即練]　單句語法填空/完成句子
①________(affect)by the rise of house prices，people in big cities live under great pressure．
②We want to know whether the drug has an effect __ people's health．
③Favorable policies are __ effect to encourage employees' professional development．
④他因為發(fā)高燒沒有參加會議。
He didn't attend the conference because he ______________________________．
4．a(chǎn)dopt v．采取(某種方法)；收養(yǎng)
(1)adopt an idea/a plan　 采納意見/計劃
adopt measures 采取措施
(2)adopted adj． 領養(yǎng)的
adoption n． 采用；收養(yǎng)
[名師點津]　adapt與adopt詞形相近，但adapt意為“適應；改編”。
[語境助記]　The young couple had no children of their own，so they adopted an orphan．After a few months，the child came to adapt to his new life．
這對年輕夫婦沒有親生的孩子，于是他們領養(yǎng)了一名孤兒。幾個月過后，這個孩子漸漸適應了他的新生活。
[即學即練]　單句語法填空/完成句子
①She treated her _______(adopt) son as if he were her own child．
②If you cannot have children of your own，why not consider ________(adopt)
③最近我們學校采用了一種新的英語教學方法。
Our school ___________________________ teaching English recently．
5．reduce v．減少，降低
(1)reduce...to...　　　　 把……減少到……
reduce...by... 把……減少了……
reduce sb．to tears 使某人流淚
(2)be reduced to (doing)sth． 淪落到……地步
[即學即練]　單句語法填空/完成句子
①To improve the air quality，the use of private cars should __________(reduce)．
②With great effort，she has reduced her weight __ five kilograms in the past 7 days．
③聽到這個消息，她在父母面前流下了眼淚。
Hearing the news，she ____________________ in front of her parents．
P86
1．__________________________ 致力于海洋保護
2．________________________ 強調(diào)……的殘忍
3．__________________做報告
4．__________________________________ 參與到海洋生物的保護中
P87
1．_________________________________ 三江源國家級自然保護區(qū)
2．_________________________ 對……有負面影響
3．_______________________ 影響到水的供應
4．_______________________________ 恢復自然環(huán)境
P88
1．________________________ 應對全球變暖
2．________________ 碳足跡
3．_________________ 溫室效應
4．________________ 可再生能源
5．_____________________________ 索要電子憑據(jù)
P89
1．___________________被用來做某事
2．___________ 在過去
3．____________ 被視為
4．_______________________以……開始
5．________________ 停下來喘口氣
動詞-ing形式和動詞-ed形式作賓語補足語
一、動詞-ing形式和動詞-ed形式作賓語補足語與賓語之間的關系
1．動詞-ing形式作賓語補足語與賓語之間的關系
當作賓語補足語的動詞與賓語之間是邏輯上的主謂關系且動作正在發(fā)生時，則用動詞-ing形式表示正在進行的主動動作；當作賓語補足語的動詞與賓語之間是邏輯上的動賓關系且動作正在發(fā)生時，則用being done表示正在進行的被動動作。
I heard her singing an English song when I passed by her room yesterday．
昨天我經(jīng)過她的房間時，聽到她正在唱英文歌。
I heard an English song being sung when I passed by her room yesterday．
昨天我經(jīng)過她的房間時，聽到有人在唱英文歌。
2．動詞-ed形式作賓語補足語與賓語之間的關系
①及物動詞-ed形式作語賓補足語，表示被動與完成，與賓語之間是邏輯上的動賓關系。
I heard the door opened．
我聽到門被打開了。
②seat，hide，dress等動詞-ed形式作賓語補足語，一般表示狀態(tài)，不表示被動意義，與賓語之間是邏輯上的主謂關系。
When I came in，I found a strange girl seated in the corner．
我進來時發(fā)現(xiàn)一個陌生的女孩坐在角落里。
③go，fall等少數(shù)不及物動詞-ed形式作賓語補足語，僅表示完成，不表示被動，與賓語之間是邏輯上的主謂關系。
She found her necklace gone on her way home．
她在回家的路上發(fā)現(xiàn)項鏈不見了。
[名師點津]　上述句子變成被動語態(tài)后，賓補就變成了主語補足語，說明主語的狀態(tài)。
[即時訓練1]　單句語法填空
①He found himself _____(lie) in the hospital when he woke up．
②To his fright，he felt himself ______________(follow) by a wolf．
③I'm afraid I can't make myself __________(understand) due to my poor English．
④If she catches you _______(read) her diary，she will become angry．
⑤The manager was satisfied to see many new products _________(develop) after great effort．
二、常見動詞-ing形式和動詞-ed形式作賓語補足語的情況
1．用于感官動詞后，如see，watch，observe，look at，notice，find，discover，catch(當場發(fā)現(xiàn))，hear，listen to，feel，sense(意識到)等。
They saw the water running down from the high mountain．
他們看到水從高山上流下來。
To learn English well，we should find opportunities to hear English spoken as much as possible．
為了學好英語，我們應該盡可能多地聽英語。
2．用于使役動詞后，如have，get，keep，leave，make等。
He had us laughing by telling jokes all through the meal．
在整個就餐過程中，他一直講笑話，讓我們笑個不停。
I made myself known to them first and then we talked about our hobbies．
我先向他們做了自我介紹，然后我們談論了自己的愛好。
[名師點津]　使役動詞make，let后一般不跟動詞-ing形式作賓語補足語，若作賓語補足語的動詞與其前的賓語之間為主動關系時，用不帶to的不定式。
The photographs made me think back to my schooldays．
這些照片使我回想起我的學生時代。
3．用于with復合結(jié)構(gòu)中
With so many people looking at her，she felt very nervous．
有那么多人看她，她感到很緊張。
With the problem solved，the quality has been improved．
問題解決了，質(zhì)量也提高了。
[名師點津]　表示“意愿，命令”的動詞，如like，want，wish，expect，order等，可用動詞-ed形式作賓語補足語，相當于動詞-ed形式前省略了to be，表示“希望/要求……被做”。
He didn't want the problem (to be)discussed at the meeting．
他不想在會上討論這個問題。
[即時訓練2]　完成句子
①他如此緊張，以至能夠聽到自己的心在狂跳。
He was so nervous that he could _____________________________．
②他只有用最大音量喊，才能讓別人聽見。
Only by shouting at the top of his voice was he able to __________________．
③我們發(fā)現(xiàn)，改革開放以來，我們的國家變化很大。
We _________________________________ with the reform and open policy．
④約翰收到了一封晚宴邀請函，因為工作都完成了，他欣然接受了邀請。
John received an invitation to dinner，and ______________________，he gladly accepted it．
用括號內(nèi)單詞的適當形式完成短文
Early in the morning，I woke up early and soon found myself 1．_______(walk) along a country road．I could feel the breeze 2．________(brush)my face gently．Many people were seen 3．______(take) a walk，4．____(lose) in the beautiful surroundings．
We have found our hometown 5．_______(change) a lot over the past ten years．The roads are seen 6．________(become) wider and wider．And we can notice high buildings 7．________(finish) one after another．Life in the town has become more convenient and comfortable than before．People can find their income 8．__________(increase) continuously．We can feel people 9．________(enjoy) their happy life．
第二篇課文(Developing ideas)
①take care of 照顧，照料
②majority n．多數(shù)，大多數(shù)(人或物)
③take steps to do sth．采取措施做某事
④false adj．不正確的，錯誤的
⑤a danger 一個危險的事物(抽象名詞具體化的用法)
⑥mistake...for...把……錯當成……
⑦break down 分解
⑧amount n．數(shù)量，數(shù)額
⑨in fact 事實上，實際上
⑩be bad for 對……有害
go shopping 去購物
stop doing sth．停止做某事
turn off 關閉
stand-by adj．備用的
mode n．(機器、設備的)運行方式，狀態(tài)，模式
electricity n．電
leak v．(使)漏，(使)滲漏
appliance n．家用電器，家用器具
remove v．移走，搬走，去掉
plug n．(電)插頭
be good for 對……有好處
common sense 常識
transport v．運輸，運送
in some cases 在某些情況下
produce n．產(chǎn)品；(尤指)農(nóng)產(chǎn)品
take...into account 把……考慮進去
take a shower 淋浴
depend on 依賴，取決于
litre n．升，公升
be worth doing sth．值得做某事
What's really green
Most of us are aware that we must take care of① the environment[1]，and the majority② of us take steps to save③ energy and reduce waste and pollution．But recently，some “green truths” have been shown to be only half true，or even completely false④．Here are some common ones．Which are really green
Paper shopping bags are better than plastic ones
Plastic bags cause litter and are a danger⑤ to wild animals，which mistake them for⑥ food[2]．It takes hundreds of years for plastic to break down⑦[3]，but much less time for paper．Because of this，people think paper bags are the better environmental choice．
[2]此處which引導非限制性定語從句，修飾先行詞wild animals。
[3]本句句式為“It takes some time (for sb．)to do sth．”，意為“(某人)做某事花費某些時間。”
However，making a paper bag uses four times as much energy as making a plastic bag and up to three times the amount⑧ of water．[4] The process also produces more greenhouse gases．
[4]句中making a paper bag為動詞-ing形式短語作主語，謂語動詞uses為第三人稱單數(shù)；four times as much energy as為倍數(shù)表達法：倍數(shù)＋as much/many＋n．＋as。
In fact⑨，both kinds of bags are bad for⑩ the environment．So，take a reusable bag with you when you go shopping ．
When you turn off a device，it stops using power
When we turn off a device，such as television，it goes into stand-by mode ．Devices in this mode still use power，and older devices in stand-by mode can use even more．This happens because electricity continues to leak from the device，even when it is turned “off”．[5] To make sure your appliance is in fact off，remove the plug from its power supply．
Eating local food is good for the environment
It seems like common sense ： eating local food should be better for the environment，because it does not need to be transported long distances and kept cold during transport．[6] Unfortunately，it is not that simple．It is the production of food，not its transport，that uses most of the energy and produces most of the greenhouse gases．[7] In some cases ，local produce might have used more energy and produced more greenhouse gases than produce grown a long way away—even taking into account its transport．
[6]eating local food為動詞-ing形式短語作主語；because引導原因狀語從句。
[7]本句是強調(diào)句型，被強調(diào)部分是句子的主語。
It's better to take a shower than a bath
It depends on how long you spend in the shower and how large your bath is．[8] If you spend more than eight minutes in a shower[9]，you'll use as much water as in a bath—about 50 litres of water．Therefore，the key is to keep your shower time as short as possible．
[8 ]句中兩個how引導賓語從句，作depends on的賓語。
[9]句中If引導條件狀語從句。
Environmental awareness is now part of daily life．But it's worth checking common ideas and opinions to see what's really green．
哪些才是真正的環(huán)保做法？
我們大部分人意識到要保護環(huán)境，也采取了各種行動節(jié)約能源，減少浪費和污染。但是近來，一些“綠色環(huán)保真相”被證實并非完全正確，甚至是無稽之談。下面列舉了一些常見的環(huán)保觀念，其中哪些是真正的環(huán)保呢？
紙質(zhì)購物袋優(yōu)于塑料袋？
塑料袋會變成垃圾，被野生動物誤食后會對其造成傷害。塑料需要數(shù)百年才能分解，而紙的降解時間要短得多，因此人們認為紙袋是更為環(huán)保的選擇。
然而，生產(chǎn)紙袋的耗能為塑料袋的四倍，耗水則多達三倍。其生產(chǎn)過程也會產(chǎn)生更多的溫室氣體。
事實上，這兩種袋子都不夠環(huán)保，所以出門購物時請帶一個能重復利用的袋子。
關掉的電器不耗電？
當我們關掉電視等電器時，它會進入待機狀態(tài)。這種狀態(tài)下的電器仍然耗電，而且越舊的電器耗電越多。這是因為電器即使已經(jīng)被“關掉”了，卻依然有電流從電器中流失。為確保電器設備徹底關閉，請從電源上拔下電器插頭。
吃本地食物更利于環(huán)保？
這似乎已是人們常識性的認識：吃本地產(chǎn)的食物更環(huán)保，因為不需要長途低溫運輸。然而事實并沒有那么簡單。相比于運輸，食物的生產(chǎn)過程才是消耗大部分能源及產(chǎn)生大部分溫室氣體的原因。在有些情況下，即使將運輸?shù)囊蛩乜紤]在內(nèi)，本地的農(nóng)產(chǎn)品也可能比距離遙遠的外地種植的農(nóng)產(chǎn)品耗能更多，產(chǎn)生的溫室氣體也更多。
淋浴比泡澡更好？
這取決于你淋浴的時間和你的浴缸大小。如果淋浴超過八分鐘，那么耗水量就和泡澡一樣多——大約為五十升水。所以，節(jié)水的關鍵在于盡量縮短淋浴的時間。
環(huán)保意識已經(jīng)融入了人們的日常生活，但我們?nèi)孕枳屑毐鎰e我們已經(jīng)習以為常的理念和觀點中哪些才是真正“綠色環(huán)保”的。
Period 4
核心詞匯
1．①helping　②devotion　③Devoted to teaching the deaf children；Devoting herself to teaching the deaf children
2．①without　②for　③reservation　④keep some money in reserve
3．①Affected　②on　③in　④was affected with a high fever
4．①adopted　②adoption　③has adopted a new method of
5．①be reduced　②by　③was reduced to tears
詞塊積累
P86
1．(be) devoted to ocean conservation　2．highlight the cruelty of　3．give presentations　4．get involved in the conservation of ocean life
P87
1．Sanjiangyuan National Nature Reserve(SNNR)　2．have a negative impact on　3．a(chǎn)ffect the water supply　4．restore the natural environment
P88
1．deal with global warming　2．carbon footprint　3．greenhouse effect　4．renewable energy　5．a(chǎn)sk for an electronic receipt
P89
1．be used to do sth．　2．in the past　3．be framed as　4．precede sth．with sth．　5．pause for breath
單元語法
[即時訓練1]
①lying　②being followed　③understood　④reading　⑤developed
[即時訓練2]
①hear his heart beating wildly　②make himself heard
③found our country changed greatly　④with his work finished
鞏固落實
1．walking　2．brushing　3．taking　4．lost　5．changed　6．becoming　7．finished　8．increasing　9．enjoying
1 / 1(共52張PPT)
Period 4　
Unit 6　Earth first
主題語境
人與自然——自然環(huán)境，自然遺產(chǎn)保護
課時學案　單元語法講練(Using language)
(1)devote to 　　　　 致力于；獻身于
devote sth．to (doing)sth． 把……獻給；致力于
devote oneself to 致力于；獻身于；專心于
1．devote v．致力，獻身，傾注
(2)devoted adj． 摯愛的；忠誠的
be devoted to (doing)sth． 獻身于(做)某事；專心致志于(做)某事
(3)devotion n． 深愛；奉獻
[即學即練]　單句語法填空/句式升級
①He always devotes his attention to _______(help)the homeless children．
②We appreciated his ________(devote)of time and money to the project．
helping
devotion
③The young lady is devoted to teaching the deaf children，and she has little time to care for her own daughter．
→_______________________________，the young lady has little time to care for her own daughter．(過去分詞短語作狀語)
→_______________________________________，the young lady has little time to care for her own daughter．(動詞-ing形式短語作狀語)
Devoted to teaching the deaf children
Devoting herself to teaching the deaf children
(1)without reserve　 　 毫無保留地；完全
keep sth．in reserve 保存某物以備用
(2)reserve sth．for sb． 為某人保留某物
reserve the right to do sth． 有做某事的權(quán)利
(3)reservation n． 保留；預訂(房間、座位等)
make a reservation 預訂(座位、房間等)
2．reserve n．(野生生物)保護區(qū)；貯存 v．保留；貯存；預訂
[即學即練]　單句語法填空/完成句子
①Say all you know and say it _______ reserve．
②A double room with a balcony has been reserved ___ him．
③I'd like to make a ___________(reserve)for two nights for my family and myself in this hotel．
④我們總是存些錢備用，以防萬一。
We always ________________________，just in case．
without
for
reservation
keep some money in reserve
(1)be affected by　　 　　 受……影響；被……感動
be affected with a high fever 發(fā)高燒
(2)effect n． 作用；影響；結(jié)果
in effect 事實上
have an effect on 對……有影響
3．a(chǎn)ffect v．影響；打動；(疾病)侵襲
[即學即練]　單句語法填空/完成句子
①________(affect)by the rise of house prices，people in big cities live under great pressure．
②We want to know whether the drug has an effect __ people's health．
③Favorable policies are __ effect to encourage employees' professional development．
④他因為發(fā)高燒沒有參加會議。
He didn't attend the conference because he ______________________________．
Affected
on
in
was affected with a high
fever
(1)adopt an idea/a plan　 采納意見/計劃
adopt measures 采取措施
(2)adopted adj． 領養(yǎng)的
adoption n． 采用；收養(yǎng)
4．a(chǎn)dopt v．采取(某種方法)；收養(yǎng)
[名師點津]　adapt與adopt詞形相近，但adapt意為“適應；改編”。
[語境助記]　The young couple had no children of their own，so they adopted an orphan．After a few months，the child came to adapt to his new life．
這對年輕夫婦沒有親生的孩子，于是他們領養(yǎng)了一名孤兒。幾個月過后，這個孩子漸漸適應了他的新生活。
[即學即練]　單句語法填空/完成句子
①She treated her _______(adopt) son as if he were her own child．
②If you cannot have children of your own，why not consider ________(adopt)
③最近我們學校采用了一種新的英語教學方法。
Our school __________________________ teaching English recently．
adopted
adoption
has adopted a new method of
(1)reduce...to...　　　　 把……減少到……
reduce...by... 把……減少了……
reduce sb．to tears 使某人流淚
(2)be reduced to (doing)sth． 淪落到……地步
5．reduce v．減少，降低
[即學即練]　單句語法填空/完成句子
①To improve the air quality，the use of private cars should __________
(reduce)．
②With great effort，she has reduced her weight __ five kilograms in the past 7 days．
③聽到這個消息，她在父母面前流下了眼淚。
Hearing the news，she __________________ in front of her parents．
be reduced
by
was reduced to tears
P86
1．_____________________________ 致力于海洋保護
2．____________________ 強調(diào)……的殘忍
3．__________________做報告
4．_____________________________________ 參與到海洋生物的保護中
(be) devoted to ocean conservation
highlight the cruelty of
give presentations
get involved in the conservation of ocean life
P87
1．______________________________________ 三江源國家級自然保護區(qū)
2．______________________ 對……有負面影響
3．____________________ 影響到水的供應
4．___________________________ 恢復自然環(huán)境
Sanjiangyuan National Nature Reserve(SNNR)
have a negative impact on
affect the water supply
restore the natural environment
P88
1．_______________________ 應對全球變暖
2．________________ 碳足跡
3．_________________ 溫室效應
4．________________ 可再生能源
5．_________________________ 索要電子憑據(jù)
deal with global warming
carbon footprint
greenhouse effect
renewable energy
ask for an electronic receipt
P89
1．___________________被用來做某事
2．___________ 在過去
3．____________ 被視為
4．_____________________以……開始
5．________________ 停下來喘口氣
be used to do sth．
in the past
be framed as
precede sth．with sth．
pause for breath
動詞-ing形式和動詞-ed形式作賓語補足語
一、動詞-ing形式和動詞-ed形式作賓語補足語與賓語之間的關系
1．動詞-ing形式作賓語補足語與賓語之間的關系
當作賓語補足語的動詞與賓語之間是邏輯上的主謂關系且動作正在發(fā)生時，則用動詞-ing形式表示正在進行的主動動作；當作賓語補足語的動詞與賓語之間是邏輯上的動賓關系且動作正在發(fā)生時，則用being done表示正在進行的被動動作。
I heard her singing an English song when I passed by her room yesterday．
昨天我經(jīng)過她的房間時，聽到她正在唱英文歌。
I heard an English song being sung when I passed by her room yesterday．
昨天我經(jīng)過她的房間時，聽到有人在唱英文歌。
2．動詞-ed形式作賓語補足語與賓語之間的關系
①及物動詞-ed形式作語賓補足語，表示被動與完成，與賓語之間是邏輯上的動賓關系。
I heard the door opened．
我聽到門被打開了。
②seat，hide，dress等動詞-ed形式作賓語補足語，一般表示狀態(tài)，不表示被動意義，與賓語之間是邏輯上的主謂關系。
When I came in，I found a strange girl seated in the corner．
我進來時發(fā)現(xiàn)一個陌生的女孩坐在角落里。
③go，fall等少數(shù)不及物動詞-ed形式作賓語補足語，僅表示完成，不表示被動，與賓語之間是邏輯上的主謂關系。
She found her necklace gone on her way home．
她在回家的路上發(fā)現(xiàn)項鏈不見了。
[名師點津]　上述句子變成被動語態(tài)后，賓補就變成了主語補足語，說明主語的狀態(tài)。
[即時訓練1]　單句語法填空
①He found himself _____(lie) in the hospital when he woke up．
②To his fright，he felt himself ______________(follow) by a wolf．
③I'm afraid I can't make myself __________(understand) due to my poor English．
④If she catches you _______(read) her diary，she will become angry．
⑤The manager was satisfied to see many new products _________(develop) after great effort．
lying
being followed
understood
reading
developed
二、常見動詞-ing形式和動詞-ed形式作賓語補足語的情況
1．用于感官動詞后，如see，watch，observe，look at，notice，find，discover，catch(當場發(fā)現(xiàn))，hear，listen to，feel，sense(意識到)等。
They saw the water running down from the high mountain．
他們看到水從高山上流下來。
To learn English well，we should find opportunities to hear English spoken as much as possible．
為了學好英語，我們應該盡可能多地聽英語。
2．用于使役動詞后，如have，get，keep，leave，make等。
He had us laughing by telling jokes all through the meal．
在整個就餐過程中，他一直講笑話，讓我們笑個不停。
I made myself known to them first and then we talked about our hobbies．
我先向他們做了自我介紹，然后我們談論了自己的愛好。
[名師點津]　使役動詞make，let后一般不跟動詞-ing形式作賓語補足語，若作賓語補足語的動詞與其前的賓語之間為主動關系時，用不帶to的不定式。
The photographs made me think back to my schooldays．
這些照片使我回想起我的學生時代。
3．用于with復合結(jié)構(gòu)中
With so many people looking at her，she felt very nervous．
有那么多人看她，她感到很緊張。
With the problem solved，the quality has been improved．
問題解決了，質(zhì)量也提高了。
[名師點津]　表示“意愿，命令”的動詞，如like，want，wish，expect，order等，可用動詞-ed形式作賓語補足語，相當于動詞-ed形式前省略了to be，表示“希望/要求……被做”。
He didn't want the problem (to be)discussed at the meeting．
他不想在會上討論這個問題。
[即時訓練2]　完成句子
①他如此緊張，以至能夠聽到自己的心在狂跳。
He was so nervous that he could _______________________．
②他只有用最大音量喊，才能讓別人聽見。
Only by shouting at the top of his voice was he able to __________________．
hear his heart beating wildly
make himself heard
③我們發(fā)現(xiàn)，改革開放以來，我們的國家變化很大。
We ___________________________ with the reform and open policy．
④約翰收到了一封晚宴邀請函，因為工作都完成了，他欣然接受了邀請。
John received an invitation to dinner，and ___________________，he gladly accepted it．
found our country changed greatly
with his work finished
用括號內(nèi)單詞的適當形式完成短文
Early in the morning，I woke up early and soon found myself 1．_______(walk) along a country road．I could feel the breeze 2．________(brush)my face gently．Many people were seen 3．______(take) a walk，4．____(lose) in the beautiful surroundings．
walking
brushing
taking
lost
We have found our hometown 5．_______(change) a lot over the past ten years．The roads are seen 6．________(become) wider and wider．And we can notice high buildings 7．________(finish) one after another．Life in the town has become more convenient and comfortable than before．People can find their income 8．__________(increase) continuously．We can feel people 9．________(enjoy) their happy life．
changed
becoming
finished
increasing
enjoying
①take care of 照顧，照料
②majority n．多數(shù)，大多數(shù)(人或物)
③take steps to do sth．采取措施做某事
④false adj．不正確的，錯誤的
課下預習　第二篇課文(Developing ideas)
⑤a danger 一個危險的事物(抽象名詞具體化的用法)
⑥mistake...for...把……錯當成……
⑦break down 分解
⑧amount n．數(shù)量，數(shù)額
⑨in fact 事實上，實際上
⑩be bad for 對……有害
go shopping 去購物
stop doing sth．停止做某事
turn off 關閉
stand-by adj．備用的
mode n．(機器、設備的)運行方式，狀態(tài)，模式
electricity n．電
leak v．(使)漏，(使)滲漏
appliance n．家用電器，家用器具
remove v．移走，搬走，去掉
plug n．(電)插頭
be good for 對……有好處
common sense 常識
transport v．運輸，運送
in some cases 在某些情況下
produce n．產(chǎn)品；(尤指)農(nóng)產(chǎn)品
take...into account 把……考慮進去
take a shower 淋浴
depend on 依賴，取決于
litre n．升，公升
be worth doing sth．值得做某事
What's really green
Most of us are aware that we must take care of① the environment[1]，and the majority② of us take steps to save③ energy and reduce waste and pollution．But recently，some “green truths” have been shown to be only half true，or even completely false④．Here are some common ones．Which are really green
Paper shopping bags are better than plastic ones
Plastic bags cause litter and are a danger⑤ to wild animals，which mistake them for⑥ food[2]．It takes hundreds of years for plastic to break down⑦[3]，but much less time for paper．Because of this，people think paper bags are the better environmental choice．
[2]此處which引導非限制性定語從句，修飾先行詞wild animals。
[3]本句句式為“It takes some time (for sb．)to do sth．”，意為“(某人)做某事花費某些時間。”
However，making a paper bag uses four times as much energy as making a plastic bag and up to three times the amount⑧ of water．[4] The process also produces more greenhouse gases．
[4]句中making a paper bag為動詞-ing形式短語作主語，謂語動詞uses為第三人稱單數(shù)；four times as much energy as為倍數(shù)表達法：倍數(shù)＋as much/many＋n．＋as。
In fact⑨，both kinds of bags are bad for⑩ the environment．So，take a reusable bag with you when you go shopping ．
When you turn off a device，it stops using power
When we turn off a device，such as television，it goes into stand-by mode ．Devices in this mode still use power，and older devices in stand-by mode can use even more．This happens because electricity continues to leak from the device，even when it is turned “off”．[5] To make sure your appliance is in fact off，remove the plug from its power supply．
Eating local food is good for the environment
It seems like common sense ： eating local food should be better for the environment，because it does not need to be transported long distances and kept cold during transport．[6] Unfortunately，it is not that simple．It is the production of food，not its transport，that uses most of the energy and produces most of the greenhouse gases．[7] In some cases ，local produce might have used more energy and produced more greenhouse gases than produce grown a long way away—even taking into account its transport．
[6]eating local food為動詞-ing形式短語作主語；because引導原因狀語從句。
[7]本句是強調(diào)句型，被強調(diào)部分是句子的主語。
It's better to take a shower than a bath
It depends on how long you spend in the shower and how large your bath is．[8] If you spend more than eight minutes in a shower[9]，you'll use as much water as in a bath—about 50 litres of water．Therefore，the key is to keep your shower time as short as possible．
[8 ]句中兩個how引導賓語從句，作depends on的賓語。
[9]句中If引導條件狀語從句。
Environmental awareness is now part of daily life．But it's worth checking common ideas and opinions to see what's really green．
哪些才是真正的環(huán)保做法？
我們大部分人意識到要保護環(huán)境，也采取了各種行動節(jié)約能源，減少浪費和污染。但是近來，一些“綠色環(huán)保真相”被證實并非完全正確，甚至是無稽之談。下面列舉了一些常見的環(huán)保觀念，其中哪些是真正的環(huán)保呢？
紙質(zhì)購物袋優(yōu)于塑料袋？
塑料袋會變成垃圾，被野生動物誤食后會對其造成傷害。塑料需要數(shù)百年才能分解，而紙的降解時間要短得多，因此人們認為紙袋是更為環(huán)保的選擇。
然而，生產(chǎn)紙袋的耗能為塑料袋的四倍，耗水則多達三倍。其生產(chǎn)過程也會產(chǎn)生更多的溫室氣體。
事實上，這兩種袋子都不夠環(huán)保，所以出門購物時請帶一個能重復利用的袋子。
關掉的電器不耗電？
當我們關掉電視等電器時，它會進入待機狀態(tài)。這種狀態(tài)下的電器仍然耗電，而且越舊的電器耗電越多。這是因為電器即使已經(jīng)被“關掉”了，卻依然有電流從電器中流失。為確保電器設備徹底關閉，請從電源上拔下電器插頭。
吃本地食物更利于環(huán)保？
這似乎已是人們常識性的認識：吃本地產(chǎn)的食物更環(huán)保，因為不需要長途低溫運輸。然而事實并沒有那么簡單。相比于運輸，食物的生產(chǎn)過程才是消耗大部分能源及產(chǎn)生大部分溫室氣體的原因。在有些情況下，即使將運輸?shù)囊蛩乜紤]在內(nèi)，本地的農(nóng)產(chǎn)品也可能比距離遙遠的外地種植的農(nóng)產(chǎn)品耗能更多，產(chǎn)生的溫室氣體也更多。
淋浴比泡澡更好？
這取決于你淋浴的時間和你的浴缸大小。如果淋浴超過八分鐘，那么耗水量就和泡澡一樣多——大約為五十升水。所以，節(jié)水的關鍵在于盡量縮短淋浴的時間。
環(huán)保意識已經(jīng)融入了人們的日常生活，但我們?nèi)孕枳屑毐鎰e我們已經(jīng)習以為常的理念和觀點中哪些才是真正“綠色環(huán)保”的。
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