資源簡(jiǎn)介

Period 4　 單元語(yǔ)法講練(Using language)
1．grateful adj．感謝的，感激的
(1)be grateful to sb．for sth． 因某事而感激某人
be grateful to do sth． 因做某事而感激
be grateful that... 感激……
I would be grateful if you can/could...
如果你能……我將感激不盡。
(2)gratefully adv． 感激地
gratitude n． 感激之情；感謝
[即學(xué)即練]　單句語(yǔ)法填空/完成句子
①I'm so grateful __ all those volunteers because they helped my terrible day end happily．
②When getting married，a couple kneel on the floor and pass the tea to their parents to express their _________(grateful)．
③如果你能幫我一把，我將不勝感激。
________________________________ lend me a helping hand．
2．a(chǎn)bsorbed adj．專心致志的
(1)be absorbed in　　　　 專心致志于
(2)absorb v． 吸收；吸引注意力；使專心
absorb one's attention 吸引某人的注意
(3)absorbing adj． 十分吸引人的；引人入勝的
[即學(xué)即練]　單句語(yǔ)法填空/句式升級(jí)
①With the children making so much noise outside，I can't get absorbed __ my study．
②The novel was so _________(absorb)that she read on without a break even forgetting food and sleep．
③John was very absorbed in painting and he didn't notice the evening approaching．
→_____________________________________ he didn't notice the evening approaching．(so...that...的倒裝句)
→____________________，John didn't notice the evening approaching．(形容詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ))
3．put on 表演(節(jié)目)；穿上，戴上；假裝，裝作；增加(體重)
[一詞多義]　寫出下列句中 put on的含義
①The workers on the construction site should put on their safety helmets before starting to work． ____
②He was very nervous，but did his best to put on a calm look． __________
③He did a great deal of exercise so as not to put on weight． ____
④The band is hoping to put on a show before the end of the year． ____
put away　　 把……收好，把……放回原處
put down　 記下；放下；鎮(zhèn)壓
put up 舉起；張貼；建造；投宿
put off 推遲，延期
put out 撲滅，熄滅
[即學(xué)即練]　單句語(yǔ)法填空/完成句子
⑤Don't put ___ until tomorrow what can be done today．
⑥To make space in the bedroom，she put ____ her winter clothes．
⑦咱們?cè)谝魳窌?huì)上要是表演不好， 那就太羞恥了。
It would be a shame if ___________________________ at the concert．
4．a(chǎn)ppealing adj．有吸引力的，有趣的
(1)be appealing to sb．　 對(duì)某人有吸引力
(2)appeal n． 吸引力，魅力，呼吁
v． 呼吁，懇求，上訴
make an appeal to sb．for/to do sth．
呼吁某人做某事
appeal (to sb．) for sth． (向某人)懇求/呼吁某事
appeal to sb．to do sth． 呼吁/請(qǐng)求某人做某事
sth．a(chǎn)ppeal to sb． 某物對(duì)某人有吸引力； 某物使某人感興趣
[即學(xué)即練]　單句語(yǔ)法填空/完成句子
①TV shopping is _________(appeal)because you can buy things easily without going out．
②If you make an appeal to him ___ help，he will certainly lend you a hand．
③我們學(xué)校呼吁學(xué)生們每天至少留出一個(gè)小時(shí)的時(shí)間來(lái)進(jìn)行鍛煉。
Our school _______________________________________________________________________________ to take exercise．
5．a(chǎn)rrangement n．安排，籌劃
(1)make arrangements/an arrangement for
　　　　　　 為……做出安排
make arrangements/an arrangement with sb．
與某人商定或約好
(2)arrange v． 安排；籌備；整理
arrange (for sb．/sth．)to do sth． 計(jì)劃安排(某人/某物)做某事
arrange with sb．a(chǎn)bout/doingsth． 就(做)某事和某人達(dá)成協(xié)議
[即學(xué)即練]　單句語(yǔ)法填空/完成句子
①I'll make an ___________(arrange) for you to be met at the airport．
②We arranged _______(meet)at the cinema at 7：30，but he failed to turn up．
③父母為孩子們安排一切，不遺余力地為他們的成功鋪路。
Parents ______________________ their children and spare no effort to pave the way for their success．
P54
1．____________________________用英語(yǔ)口語(yǔ)或書面語(yǔ)
2．__________________選擇做某事
P55
1．___________________________多虧……的支持
2．____________________ 克服某人的恐懼
3．___________________________ 一次難忘的經(jīng)歷
4．____________ 或多或少
5．__________________ 充滿色彩
6．______________________ 迫不及待地想再去一次
P56
1．______________________________ 表演很精彩
2．___________ 在野外
3．_______________ 浪費(fèi)時(shí)間
4．_______________________做某事很興奮
5．__________________________________ 以如此驚人和神奇的方式
P57
1．_____________ 捐給慈善事業(yè)
2．_____________ ……的數(shù)量
3．_____________ 增長(zhǎng)到……
4．________________ 參加音樂會(huì)
動(dòng)詞-ing形式作狀語(yǔ)
一、動(dòng)詞-ing形式作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)的形式
主動(dòng)形式 被動(dòng)形式 時(shí)態(tài)意義
一般式 doing being done 動(dòng)詞-ing形式的一般式作狀語(yǔ)，表示的動(dòng)作與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作幾乎同時(shí)發(fā)生
完成式 having done having been done 動(dòng)詞-ing形式的完成式作狀語(yǔ)，表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作之前
Seeing the stranger coming towards him，little Tom ran away as fast as he could．
看見陌生人朝他走來(lái)了，小湯姆盡可能快地跑開了。
Having studied English for three years，he could read brief stories in English．
由于學(xué)習(xí)了三年英語(yǔ)，他能用英語(yǔ)讀簡(jiǎn)單的故事。
Being well taken care of，she is recovering quickly．
由于受到了很好的照顧，她正在快速恢復(fù)。
Having been told many times，he still couldn't answer the question．
盡管已經(jīng)被告知多次，他仍然不能回答這個(gè)問題。
[即時(shí)訓(xùn)練1]　單句語(yǔ)法填空
①_______(read)carefully，he found something he hadn't known before．
②_____________(work)for a whole day，the secretary looked exhausted．
③_________________(show) around the Water Cube，we were then taken to see the Bird's Nest．
二、動(dòng)詞-ing形式作狀語(yǔ)表示的各種意義
動(dòng)詞-ing形式作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)可以表示時(shí)間、原因、條件、讓步、結(jié)果、行為方式或伴隨狀況。表示行為方式和伴隨狀況時(shí)，通常相當(dāng)于一個(gè)并列分句；表示其他意義時(shí)，相當(dāng)于相應(yīng)的狀語(yǔ)從句。
1．時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)
Hearing the good news，they went wild with joy．
(＝When they heard the good news，they went wild with joy．)
聽到這個(gè)消息，他們欣喜若狂。
Having finished his summary，he went out for a walk．
(＝When he had finished his summary，he went out for a walk．)
他寫完總結(jié)后，就外出散步了。
2．原因狀語(yǔ)
Getting up late，he missed the early bus．
(＝Because he got up late，he missed the early bus．)
由于起床晚了，他沒有趕上早班車。
Having been asked to work overtime that evening，I missed a wonderful film．
(＝Because I had been asked to work overtime that evening，I missed a wonderful film．)
由于那天晚上我被要求加班，我錯(cuò)過(guò)了一部好影片。
3．條件狀語(yǔ)
Working hard，you will pass the exam．
(＝If you work hard，you will pass the exam．)
努力學(xué)習(xí)，你就會(huì)通過(guò)這次考試。
Going straight down the road，you'll find the canteen．
(＝If you go straight down the road，you'll find the canteen．)
沿著這條路一直走，你就會(huì)找到食堂。
4．讓步狀語(yǔ)
Knowing where I live，he never comes to see me．
(＝Although he knows where I live，he never comes to see me．)
盡管知道我住哪里，但他從不來(lái)看我。
Having tried many times，he still couldn't overcome the difficulties．
(＝Although he had tried many times，he still couldn't overcome the difficulties．)
盡管嘗試了多次，但他仍未克服困難。
5．結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)
He comes home late every evening，making his wife very angry．
(＝He comes home late every evening so that he makes his wife very angry．)
他每天晚上回家都很晚，這使他妻子很生氣。
The boy fell off his bike，breaking his left arm．
(＝The boy fell off his bike so that he broke his left arm．)
男孩從他的自行車上摔了下來(lái)，弄折了他的左胳膊。
6．伴隨或方式狀語(yǔ)
The children ran out of the classroom，laughing and talking merrily．
(＝The children ran out of the classroom，and they laughed and talked merrily．)
孩子們跑出了教室，高興地笑著并交談著。
He suddenly appeared in class one day，wearing sunglasses．
(＝He suddenly appeared in class one day，and he was wearing sunglasses．)
一天他突然戴著太陽(yáng)鏡出現(xiàn)在班里。
[即時(shí)訓(xùn)練2]　句型轉(zhuǎn)換
①When she saw nobody at home，she decided to leave them a note．
→_____________________，she decided to leave them a note．
②All the students sat in the classroom，and they were waiting for their new teacher．
→All the students sat in the classroom，_____________________________．
③Although he worked as hard as he could，he didn't pass the exam．
→___________________________，he didn't pass the exam．
④Because he had worked among the workers for many years，he knew them very well．
→______________________________________________，he knew them very well．
三、動(dòng)詞-ing形式作狀語(yǔ)需注意的問題
1．動(dòng)詞-ing形式作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，可根據(jù)需要在其前面加上從屬連詞。常用的連詞有：when，while，if，unless，though/although等。有時(shí)“從屬連詞＋動(dòng)詞-ing形式”可以視為狀語(yǔ)從句的省略。
Don't talk while having dinner (＝while you are having dinner)．
吃飯時(shí)不要說(shuō)話。
Though working hard(＝Though he worked hard)，he couldn't earn enough money to pay off his debt．
盡管努力工作，他也不能掙到足夠的錢還清債務(wù)。
2．動(dòng)詞-ing形式的否定形式是在其前加not或never。
She was puzzled，not knowing what had happened．
她迷惑了，不知道發(fā)生了什么。
Not having tried his best，he failed in the exam．
由于沒有盡最大努力，他沒通過(guò)這次考試。
3．動(dòng)詞-ing形式與獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)的比較
動(dòng)詞-ing形式作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，其邏輯主語(yǔ)要與主句的主語(yǔ)相一致，如果不一致，通常要在動(dòng)詞-ing形式前加上它自己的邏輯主語(yǔ)，這種帶邏輯主語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞-ing形式是獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。
Arriving at the station，he found the train had left．
到達(dá)車站時(shí)，他發(fā)現(xiàn)火車已經(jīng)開了。(句子的主語(yǔ)he是arriving的邏輯主語(yǔ))
She walked along the path，her daughter following closely behind．
她沿著小路走，女兒跟在后面。(following的邏輯主語(yǔ)是her daughter，而不是句子的主語(yǔ)she)
[名師點(diǎn)津]　有少數(shù)動(dòng)詞-ing形式?jīng)]有邏輯主語(yǔ)，也不表示句子主語(yǔ)的動(dòng)作，而是表示說(shuō)話人對(duì)說(shuō)話內(nèi)容所持的態(tài)度，它們被稱作動(dòng)詞-ing固定用語(yǔ)。常見的有：generally speaking(一般來(lái)說(shuō))，judging from/by...(根據(jù)……來(lái)判斷)，talking of...(說(shuō)到或提到……)等。
Generally speaking，the more you practise，the more skillfully you can write in English．
一般來(lái)說(shuō)，你練習(xí)越多，用英語(yǔ)寫作就越熟練。
Judging from his accent，he must be from the south．
從他的口音判斷，他一定來(lái)自南方。
[即時(shí)訓(xùn)練3]　單句語(yǔ)法填空/完成句子
①When _______(leave) the airport，they waved again and again to us．
②_______(judge)from his expression，he was frightened of spiders．
③時(shí)間允許的話，我們將會(huì)在動(dòng)身前去拜訪他。
_______________，we will pay a visit to him before we leave．
④不知道如何處理這種困難的狀況，他向老師求助。
____________________________________________________，he turned to his teacher for help．
用括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的適當(dāng)形式完成短文
An old man went to a doctor，1．___________(complain) about a pain in his leg．The doctor checked out his leg，but found everything right．2．____________(give) the old guy a full physical examination，the doctor still couldn't come up with any possible explanations for the pain．
3．_______(hand)the patient his bill，the doctor said，“I'm sorry but the pain in your leg is simply due to old age．”4．_______(hear)what the doctor explained about the pain，the old man answered，“That's impossible．”
When 5．_____(ask) why he said so，the old man said，“Honestly 6．________(speak)，I'm not a doctor but it doesn't take a medical degree 7．_______(tell) that you are mistaken．My two legs 8．_____(be)of the same age，the other leg feels just fine．”
第二篇課文(Developing ideas)
①brief adj．短暫的
②(be)based on 以……為根據(jù)
③question v．質(zhì)疑
④all too often 時(shí)常，經(jīng)常
⑤end up 最終處于，到頭來(lái)
※end up doing...以做……結(jié)束
⑥turn...into...把……變成……
⑦cinematic adj．電影的
⑧turkey n．(電影或戲劇的)失敗之作
⑨storytelling n．講故事，說(shuō)書
⑩be praised as 被譽(yù)為
wonderland n．(故事中的)仙境，奇境
escape v．(從危險(xiǎn)或糟糕的處境中)逃離，逃避，擺脫
disappointed adj．失望的，沮喪的
epic adj．史詩(shī)般的；壯麗的，宏大的
in part 部分地，在某種程度上
questionable adj．可疑的，有問題的
play the part of...扮演……角色
live up to 符合(標(biāo)準(zhǔn))，不負(fù)(盛名)
extent n．程度
※to some extent 在某種程度上
with...in mind 把……記在心里
in one's own right 憑借自身，靠自己
original adj．原先的，最初的
turn to 轉(zhuǎn)向
(be)glued to 被吸引到
Good Book，Bad Movie
They say that “a picture is worth a thousand words”，but the briefest① look at books and the movies based on② them would have anyone questioning③ this common saying[1]．All too often④，great words end up⑤ being turned into⑥ cinematic⑦ “turkeys⑧”．
[1]此處為have sb．doing sth．，意為“讓某人做某事”，其中doing sth．作賓補(bǔ)。
Good movies need good stories．If so[2]，why has one of the earliest and greatest works in Western storytelling⑨，Homer's The Odyssey，never had an equally great movie based on it Movies need strong characters．So why have the movies based on The Great Gatsby never been praised as⑩“great”？ Movies of course need impressive images，so why has Alice in Wonderland only resulted in movies best described as “interesting”？
One of the key reasons behind this is that while a book usually takes a few days to read，a movie typically lasts under two hours[3]．This means that great books can lose plot details and characters when they move to the big screen[4]．This is something that even the highly successful Harry Potter movies can't escape from，with fans of the books disappointed not to see some of their favourite characters in the movie versions[5]．
[3]此處that引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句，其中包含while引導(dǎo)的表對(duì)比的并列句。
[4]此處that引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句，作means的賓語(yǔ)，其中包含when引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。
[5]此處為with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)，在句中作狀語(yǔ)，其中not to see...為不定式作原因狀語(yǔ)。
Movies also disappoint us when things don't look the way we imagined them in the books[6]．Take，for example，the epic movie Troy，which is in part based on Homer's The Iliad and was met with mixed reviews from the audience[7]．The most questionable issue was the actress chosen to play the part of Helen．Many people thought she didn't live up to Helen's title of “the most beautiful woman in the world”，influencing opinions of the movie to some extent [8]．
[6]此處when引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，其中the way后面是省略關(guān)系詞that/in which的定語(yǔ)從句，修飾先行詞the way。
[7]which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，修飾先行詞Troy。
[8]此處influencing...為動(dòng)詞-ing形式作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)。
There are a thousand Hamlets in a thousand people's eyes．Furthermore，books and movies are two different forms of media and therefore have different rules．With this in mind ，perhaps we should judge a movie in its own right ，and not against its original source．Interestingly，audiences have in recent years turned to television series such as Sherlock or Mad Men，which can have many characters and gradual plot development．Perhaps，one day，readers of F．Scott Fitzgerald's most admired work will find themselves glued to their screens by episodes of The Great Gatsby[9]．
[9]此處find themselves glued to...為“find＋賓語(yǔ)＋賓補(bǔ)”結(jié)構(gòu)，其中過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)glued to...作賓補(bǔ)。
好書，壞電影？
人們常說(shuō)“一圖勝千詞”，但是簡(jiǎn)單對(duì)照一下書籍和由之改編的電影，就會(huì)讓人開始質(zhì)疑這種說(shuō)法。很多時(shí)候，優(yōu)秀的文字作品最終卻變成了失敗的電影。
好電影需要好故事。若是這樣，那為什么西方最早、最優(yōu)秀的敘事文本之一——荷馬的《奧德賽》從來(lái)沒有產(chǎn)生過(guò)同樣優(yōu)秀的改編電影呢？電影需要個(gè)性鮮明的人物。那為什么由《了不起的蓋茨比》改編的電影從未被贊為“了不起”呢？電影當(dāng)然需要令人印象深刻的畫面，那為什么由《愛麗絲夢(mèng)游仙境》改編的電影最多也只能被稱為“有點(diǎn)意思”呢？
這背后的一個(gè)重要原因就是，一本書通常需要花幾天的時(shí)間來(lái)閱讀，而看一部電影一般不會(huì)超過(guò)兩小時(shí)。這就意味著好書被搬上大銀幕之后，會(huì)被刪減一些情節(jié)和人物。這是連大獲成功的“哈利·波特”系列電影也無(wú)法避免的事情，有的書迷因?yàn)樵陔娪爸锌床坏阶约鹤钕矚g的一些角色而大失所望。
電影呈現(xiàn)出的事物與我們讀書時(shí)的想象有落差時(shí)，我們也會(huì)備感失望。以史詩(shī)電影《特洛伊》為例，它部分改編自荷馬的《伊利亞特》，觀眾對(duì)它的評(píng)論毀譽(yù)參半。其中最受爭(zhēng)議的問題在于扮演海倫的女演員。許多人認(rèn)為她配不上海倫“世上最美的女人”這一稱號(hào)，這一定程度上影響到了人們對(duì)這部電影的評(píng)價(jià)。
一千個(gè)讀者就有一千個(gè)哈姆雷特。而且書籍和電影是兩種不同的媒體形式，因此也遵循不同的原則。知道了這一點(diǎn)，也許我們應(yīng)該從電影本身來(lái)評(píng)價(jià)它，而不是將其與原著進(jìn)行對(duì)比。值得注意的是，觀眾已經(jīng)逐漸將興趣轉(zhuǎn)向了《神探夏洛克》或《廣告狂人》這樣的電視連續(xù)劇，因?yàn)殡娨晞∧苷宫F(xiàn)更多人物，情節(jié)也得以逐步展開。也許有一天，F(xiàn)．斯科特·菲茨杰拉德最杰出作品的讀者們，會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)自己已被《了不起的蓋茨比》的劇集深深吸引。
Period 4
核心詞匯
1．①to　②gratitude　③I would be grateful if you could
2．①in　②absorbing　③So absorbed was John in painting that；Absorbed in painting
3．①戴上　②假裝，裝作　③增加　④表演　⑤off　⑥away　⑦we put on a bad performance
4．①appealing　②for　③appeals to/makes an appeal to the students to set aside at least an hour every day
5．①arrangement　②to meet　③arrange everything for
詞塊積累
1．in spoken or written English　2．choose to do sth．
P55
1．thanks to the support of...　2．overcome one's fears　3．a(chǎn)n unforgettable experience　4．more or less　5．be full of colours　6．can't wait to go again
P56
1．put on a wonderful performance　2．in the wild　3．a(chǎn) waste of time　4．be thrilled to do sth．　5．in such an amazing and magical way
P57
1．go to charity　2．the number of　3．have grown to　4．a(chǎn)ttend a concert
單元語(yǔ)法
[即時(shí)訓(xùn)練1]
①Reading　②Having worked　③Having been shown
[即時(shí)訓(xùn)練2]
①Seeing nobody at home　②waiting for their new teacher　③Working as hard as he could　④Having worked among the workers for many years
[即時(shí)訓(xùn)練3]
①leaving　②Judging　③Time permitting　④Not knowing how to deal with the difficult situation
鞏固落實(shí)
1．complaining　2．Having given　3．Handing　4．Hearing　5．a(chǎn)sked　6．speaking　7．to tell　8．being
1 / 1(共55張PPT)
Period 4　
Unit 4　Stage and screen
主題語(yǔ)境
人與社會(huì)——戲劇與影視
課時(shí)學(xué)案　單元語(yǔ)法講練(Using language)
(1)be grateful to sb．for sth． 因某事而感激某人
be grateful to do sth． 因做某事而感激
be grateful that... 感激……
I would be grateful if you can/could...
如果你能……我將感激不盡。
1．grateful adj．感謝的，感激的
(2)gratefully adv． 感激地
gratitude n． 感激之情；感謝
[即學(xué)即練]　單句語(yǔ)法填空/完成句子
①I'm so grateful __ all those volunteers because they helped my terrible day end happily．
②When getting married，a couple kneel on the floor and pass the tea to their parents to express their _________(grateful)．
③如果你能幫我一把，我將不勝感激。
__________________________ lend me a helping hand．
to
gratitude
I would be grateful if you could
(1)be absorbed in　　　　 專心致志于
(2)absorb v． 吸收；吸引注意力；使專心
absorb one's attention 吸引某人的注意
(3)absorbing adj． 十分吸引人的；引人入勝的
2．a(chǎn)bsorbed adj．專心致志的
[即學(xué)即練]　單句語(yǔ)法填空/句式升級(jí)
①With the children making so much noise outside，I can't get absorbed __ my study．
②The novel was so _________(absorb)that she read on without a break even forgetting food and sleep．
in
absorbing
③John was very absorbed in painting and he didn't notice the evening approaching．
→________________________________ he didn't notice the evening approaching．(so...that...的倒裝句)
→____________________，John didn't notice the evening approaching．(形容詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ))
So absorbed was John in painting that
Absorbed in painting
[一詞多義]　寫出下列句中 put on的含義
①The workers on the construction site should put on their safety helmets before starting to work． ____
②He was very nervous，but did his best to put on a calm look． __________
③He did a great deal of exercise so as not to put on weight． ____
④The band is hoping to put on a show before the end of the year． ____
3．put on 表演(節(jié)目)；穿上，戴上；假裝，裝作；增加(體重)
戴上
假裝，裝作
增加
表演
put away　　 把……收好，把……放回原處
put down　 記下；放下；鎮(zhèn)壓
put up 舉起；張貼；建造；投宿
put off 推遲，延期
put out 撲滅，熄滅
[即學(xué)即練]　單句語(yǔ)法填空/完成句子
⑤Don't put ___ until tomorrow what can be done today．
⑥To make space in the bedroom，she put ____ her winter clothes．
⑦咱們?cè)谝魳窌?huì)上要是表演不好， 那就太羞恥了。
It would be a shame if _________________________ at the concert．
off
away
we put on a bad performance
(1)be appealing to sb．　 對(duì)某人有吸引力
(2)appeal n． 吸引力，魅力，呼吁
v． 呼吁，懇求，上訴
make an appeal to sb．for/to do sth．
呼吁某人做某事
appeal (to sb．) for sth． (向某人)懇求/呼吁某事
appeal to sb．to do sth． 呼吁/請(qǐng)求某人做某事
sth．a(chǎn)ppeal to sb． 某物對(duì)某人有吸引力；
某物使某人感興趣
4．a(chǎn)ppealing adj．有吸引力的，有趣的
[即學(xué)即練]　單句語(yǔ)法填空/完成句子
①TV shopping is _________(appeal)because you can buy things easily without going out．
②If you make an appeal to him ___ help，he will certainly lend you a hand．
③我們學(xué)校呼吁學(xué)生們每天至少留出一個(gè)小時(shí)的時(shí)間來(lái)進(jìn)行鍛煉。
Our school _________________________________________________________________ to take exercise．
appealing
for
appeals to/makes an appeal to the students to set aside at least
an hour every day
(1)make arrangements/an arrangement for
　　　　　　 為……做出安排
make arrangements/an arrangement with sb．
與某人商定或約好
(2)arrange v． 安排；籌備；整理
arrange (for sb．/sth．)to do sth． 計(jì)劃安排(某人/某物)做某事
arrange with sb．a(chǎn)bout/doingsth． 就(做)某事和某人達(dá)成協(xié)議
5．a(chǎn)rrangement n．安排，籌劃
[即學(xué)即練]　單句語(yǔ)法填空/完成句子
①I'll make an ___________(arrange) for you to be met at the airport．
②We arranged _______(meet)at the cinema at 7：30，but he failed to turn up．
③父母為孩子們安排一切，不遺余力地為他們的成功鋪路。
Parents ___________________ their children and spare no effort to pave the way for their success．
arrangement
to meet
arrange everything for
P54
1．________________________用英語(yǔ)口語(yǔ)或書面語(yǔ)
2．__________________選擇做某事
in spoken or written English
choose to do sth．
P55
1．______________________多虧……的支持
2．____________________ 克服某人的恐懼
3．_________________________ 一次難忘的經(jīng)歷
4．____________ 或多或少
5．________________ 充滿色彩
6．___________________ 迫不及待地想再去一次
thanks to the support of...
overcome one's fears
an unforgettable experience
more or less
be full of colours
can't wait to go again
P56
1．____________________________ 表演很精彩
2．___________ 在野外
3．______________ 浪費(fèi)時(shí)間
4．___________________做某事很興奮
5．_________________________________ 以如此驚人和神奇的方式
put on a wonderful performance
in the wild
a waste of time
be thrilled to do sth．
in such an amazing and magical way
P57
1．_____________ 捐給慈善事業(yè)
2．_____________ ……的數(shù)量
3．_____________ 增長(zhǎng)到……
4．________________ 參加音樂會(huì)
go to charity
the number of
have grown to
attend a concert
動(dòng)詞-ing形式作狀語(yǔ)
一、動(dòng)詞-ing形式作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)的形式
主動(dòng)形式 被動(dòng)形式 時(shí)態(tài)意義
一般式 doing being done 動(dòng)詞-ing形式的一般式作狀語(yǔ)，表示的動(dòng)作與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作幾乎同時(shí)發(fā)生
完成式 having done having been done 動(dòng)詞-ing形式的完成式作狀語(yǔ)，表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作之前
Seeing the stranger coming towards him，little Tom ran away as fast as he could．
看見陌生人朝他走來(lái)了，小湯姆盡可能快地跑開了。
Having studied English for three years，he could read brief stories in English．
由于學(xué)習(xí)了三年英語(yǔ)，他能用英語(yǔ)讀簡(jiǎn)單的故事。
Being well taken care of，she is recovering quickly．
由于受到了很好的照顧，她正在快速恢復(fù)。
Having been told many times，he still couldn't answer the question．
盡管已經(jīng)被告知多次，他仍然不能回答這個(gè)問題。
[即時(shí)訓(xùn)練1]　單句語(yǔ)法填空
①_________(read)carefully，he found something he hadn't known before．
②_____________(work)for a whole day，the secretary looked exhausted．
③_________________(show) around the Water Cube，we were then taken to see the Bird's Nest．
Reading
Having worked
Having been shown
二、動(dòng)詞-ing形式作狀語(yǔ)表示的各種意義
動(dòng)詞-ing形式作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)可以表示時(shí)間、原因、條件、讓步、結(jié)果、行為方式或伴隨狀況。表示行為方式和伴隨狀況時(shí)，通常相當(dāng)于一個(gè)并列分句；表示其他意義時(shí)，相當(dāng)于相應(yīng)的狀語(yǔ)從句。
1．時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)
Hearing the good news，they went wild with joy．
(＝When they heard the good news，they went wild with joy．)
聽到這個(gè)消息，他們欣喜若狂。
Having finished his summary，he went out for a walk．
(＝When he had finished his summary，he went out for a walk．)
他寫完總結(jié)后，就外出散步了。
2．原因狀語(yǔ)
Getting up late，he missed the early bus．
(＝Because he got up late，he missed the early bus．)
由于起床晚了，他沒有趕上早班車。
Having been asked to work overtime that evening，I missed a wonderful film．
(＝Because I had been asked to work overtime that evening，I missed a wonderful film．)
由于那天晚上我被要求加班，我錯(cuò)過(guò)了一部好影片。
3．條件狀語(yǔ)
Working hard，you will pass the exam．
(＝If you work hard，you will pass the exam．)
努力學(xué)習(xí)，你就會(huì)通過(guò)這次考試。
Going straight down the road，you'll find the canteen．
(＝If you go straight down the road，you'll find the canteen．)
沿著這條路一直走，你就會(huì)找到食堂。
4．讓步狀語(yǔ)
Knowing where I live，he never comes to see me．
(＝Although he knows where I live，he never comes to see me．)
盡管知道我住哪里，但他從不來(lái)看我。
Having tried many times，he still couldn't overcome the difficulties．
(＝Although he had tried many times，he still couldn't overcome the difficulties．)
盡管嘗試了多次，但他仍未克服困難。
5．結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)
He comes home late every evening，making his wife very angry．
(＝He comes home late every evening so that he makes his wife very angry．)
他每天晚上回家都很晚，這使他妻子很生氣。
The boy fell off his bike，breaking his left arm．
(＝The boy fell off his bike so that he broke his left arm．)
男孩從他的自行車上摔了下來(lái)，弄折了他的左胳膊。
6．伴隨或方式狀語(yǔ)
The children ran out of the classroom，laughing and talking merrily．
(＝The children ran out of the classroom，and they laughed and talked merrily．)
孩子們跑出了教室，高興地笑著并交談著。
He suddenly appeared in class one day，wearing sunglasses．
(＝He suddenly appeared in class one day，and he was wearing sunglasses．)
一天他突然戴著太陽(yáng)鏡出現(xiàn)在班里。
[即時(shí)訓(xùn)練2]　句型轉(zhuǎn)換
①When she saw nobody at home，she decided to leave them a note．
→_____________________，she decided to leave them a note．
②All the students sat in the classroom，and they were waiting for their new teacher．
→All the students sat in the classroom，________________________．
Seeing nobody at home
waiting for their new teacher
③Although he worked as hard as he could，he didn't pass the exam．
→_________________________，he didn't pass the exam．
④Because he had worked among the workers for many years，he knew them very well．
→___________________________________________，he knew them very well．
Working as hard as he could
Having worked among the workers for many years
三、動(dòng)詞-ing形式作狀語(yǔ)需注意的問題
1．動(dòng)詞-ing形式作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，可根據(jù)需要在其前面加上從屬連詞。常用的連詞有：when，while，if，unless，though/although等。有時(shí)“從屬連詞＋動(dòng)詞-ing形式”可以視為狀語(yǔ)從句的省略。
Don't talk while having dinner (＝while you are having dinner)．
吃飯時(shí)不要說(shuō)話。
Though working hard(＝Though he worked hard)，he couldn't earn enough money to pay off his debt．
盡管努力工作，他也不能掙到足夠的錢還清債務(wù)。
2．動(dòng)詞-ing形式的否定形式是在其前加not或never。
She was puzzled，not knowing what had happened．
她迷惑了，不知道發(fā)生了什么。
Not having tried his best，he failed in the exam．
由于沒有盡最大努力，他沒通過(guò)這次考試。
3．動(dòng)詞-ing形式與獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)的比較
動(dòng)詞-ing形式作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，其邏輯主語(yǔ)要與主句的主語(yǔ)相一致，如果不一致，通常要在動(dòng)詞-ing形式前加上它自己的邏輯主語(yǔ)，這種帶邏輯主語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞-ing形式是獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。
Arriving at the station，he found the train had left．
到達(dá)車站時(shí)，他發(fā)現(xiàn)火車已經(jīng)開了。(句子的主語(yǔ)he是arriving的邏輯主語(yǔ))
She walked along the path，her daughter following closely behind．
她沿著小路走，女兒跟在后面。(following的邏輯主語(yǔ)是her daughter，而不是句子的主語(yǔ)she)
[名師點(diǎn)津]　有少數(shù)動(dòng)詞-ing形式?jīng)]有邏輯主語(yǔ)，也不表示句子主語(yǔ)的動(dòng)作，而是表示說(shuō)話人對(duì)說(shuō)話內(nèi)容所持的態(tài)度，它們被稱作動(dòng)詞-ing固定用語(yǔ)。常見的有：generally speaking(一般來(lái)說(shuō))，judging from/by...(根據(jù)……來(lái)判斷)，talking of...(說(shuō)到或提到……)等。
Generally speaking，the more you practise，the more skillfully you can write in English．
一般來(lái)說(shuō)，你練習(xí)越多，用英語(yǔ)寫作就越熟練。
Judging from his accent，he must be from the south．
從他的口音判斷，他一定來(lái)自南方。
[即時(shí)訓(xùn)練3]　單句語(yǔ)法填空/完成句子
①When _______(leave) the airport，they waved again and again to us．
②_______(judge)from his expression，he was frightened of spiders．
③時(shí)間允許的話，我們將會(huì)在動(dòng)身前去拜訪他。
_______________，we will pay a visit to him before we leave．
④不知道如何處理這種困難的狀況，他向老師求助。
____________________________________________，he turned to his teacher for help．
leaving
Judging
Time permitting
Not knowing how to deal with the difficult situation
用括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的適當(dāng)形式完成短文
An old man went to a doctor，1．___________(complain) about a pain in his leg．The doctor checked out his leg，but found everything right．2．____________(give) the old guy a full physical examination，the doctor still couldn't come up with any possible explanations for the pain．
complaining
Having given
3．_______(hand)the patient his bill，the doctor said，“I'm sorry but the pain in your leg is simply due to old age．”4．_______(hear)what the doctor explained about the pain，the old man answered，“That's impossible．”
When 5．_____(ask) why he said so，the old man said，“Honestly 6．________(speak)，I'm not a doctor but it doesn't take a medical degree 7．_______(tell) that you are mistaken．My two legs 8．_____(be)of the same age，the other leg feels just fine．”
Handing
Hearing
asked
speaking
to tell
being
①brief adj．短暫的
②(be)based on 以……為根據(jù)
③question v．質(zhì)疑
④all too often 時(shí)常，經(jīng)常
⑤end up 最終處于，到頭來(lái)
※end up doing...以做……結(jié)束
課下預(yù)習(xí)　第二篇課文(Developing ideas)
⑥turn...into...把……變成……
⑦cinematic adj．電影的
⑧turkey n．(電影或戲劇的)失敗之作
⑨storytelling n．講故事，說(shuō)書
⑩be praised as 被譽(yù)為
wonderland n．(故事中的)仙境，奇境
escape v．(從危險(xiǎn)或糟糕的處境中)逃離，逃避，擺脫
disappointed adj．失望的，沮喪的
epic adj．史詩(shī)般的；壯麗的，宏大的
in part 部分地，在某種程度上
questionable adj．可疑的，有問題的
play the part of...扮演……角色
live up to 符合(標(biāo)準(zhǔn))，不負(fù)(盛名)
extent n．程度
※to some extent 在某種程度上
with...in mind 把……記在心里
in one's own right 憑借自身，靠自己
original adj．原先的，最初的
turn to 轉(zhuǎn)向
(be)glued to 被吸引到
Good Book，Bad Movie
They say that “a picture is worth a thousand words”，but the briefest① look at books and the movies based on② them would have anyone questioning③ this common saying[1]．All too often④，great words end up⑤ being turned into⑥ cinematic⑦ “turkeys⑧”．
[1]此處為have sb．doing sth．，意為“讓某人做某事”，其中doing sth．作賓補(bǔ)。
Good movies need good stories．If so[2]，why has one of the earliest and greatest works in Western storytelling⑨，Homer's The Odyssey，never had an equally great movie based on it Movies need strong characters．So why have the movies based on The Great Gatsby never been praised as⑩“great”？ Movies of course need impressive images，so why has Alice in Wonderland only resulted in movies best described as “interesting”？
One of the key reasons behind this is that while a book usually takes a few days to read，a movie typically lasts under two hours[3]．This means that great books can lose plot details and characters when they move to the big screen[4]．This is something that even the highly successful Harry Potter movies can't escape from，with fans of the books disappointed not to see some of their favourite characters in the movie versions[5]．
[3]此處that引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句，其中包含while引導(dǎo)的表對(duì)比的并列句。
[4]此處that引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句，作means的賓語(yǔ)，其中包含when引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。
[5]此處為with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)，在句中作狀語(yǔ)，其中not to see...為不定式作原因狀語(yǔ)。
Movies also disappoint us when things don't look the way we imagined them in the books[6]．Take，for example，the epic movie Troy，which is in part based on Homer's The Iliad and was met with mixed reviews from the audience[7]．The most questionable issue was the actress chosen to play the part of Helen．Many people thought she didn't live up to Helen's title of “the most beautiful woman in the world”，influencing opinions of the movie to some extent [8]．
[6]此處when引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，其中the way后面是省略關(guān)系詞that/in which的定語(yǔ)從句，修飾先行詞the way。
[7]which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，修飾先行詞Troy。
[8]此處influencing...為動(dòng)詞-ing形式作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)。
There are a thousand Hamlets in a thousand people's eyes．Furthermore，books and movies are two different forms of media and therefore have different rules．With this in mind ，perhaps we should judge a movie in its own right ，and not against its original source．Interestingly，audiences have in recent years turned to television series such as Sherlock or Mad Men，which can have many characters and gradual plot development．Perhaps，one day，readers of F．Scott Fitzgerald's most admired work will find themselves glued to their screens by episodes of The Great Gatsby[9]．
[9]此處find themselves glued to...為“find＋賓語(yǔ)＋賓補(bǔ)”結(jié)構(gòu)，其中過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)glued to...作賓補(bǔ)。
好書，壞電影？
人們常說(shuō)“一圖勝千詞”，但是簡(jiǎn)單對(duì)照一下書籍和由之改編的電影，就會(huì)讓人開始質(zhì)疑這種說(shuō)法。很多時(shí)候，優(yōu)秀的文字作品最終卻變成了失敗的電影。
好電影需要好故事。若是這樣，那為什么西方最早、最優(yōu)秀的敘事文本之一——荷馬的《奧德賽》從來(lái)沒有產(chǎn)生過(guò)同樣優(yōu)秀的改編電影呢？電影需要個(gè)性鮮明的人物。那為什么由《了不起的蓋茨比》改編的電影從未被贊為“了不起”呢？電影當(dāng)然需要令人印象深刻的畫面，那為什么由《愛麗絲夢(mèng)游仙境》改編的電影最多也只能被稱為“有點(diǎn)意思”呢？
這背后的一個(gè)重要原因就是，一本書通常需要花幾天的時(shí)間來(lái)閱讀，而看一部電影一般不會(huì)超過(guò)兩小時(shí)。這就意味著好書被搬上大銀幕之后，會(huì)被刪減一些情節(jié)和人物。這是連大獲成功的“哈利·波特”系列電影也無(wú)法避免的事情，有的書迷因?yàn)樵陔娪爸锌床坏阶约鹤钕矚g的一些角色而大失所望。
電影呈現(xiàn)出的事物與我們讀書時(shí)的想象有落差時(shí)，我們也會(huì)備感失望。以史詩(shī)電影《特洛伊》為例，它部分改編自荷馬的《伊利亞特》，觀眾對(duì)它的評(píng)論毀譽(yù)參半。其中最受爭(zhēng)議的問題在于扮演海倫的女演員。許多人認(rèn)為她配不上海倫“世上最美的女人”這一稱號(hào)，這一定程度上影響到了人們對(duì)這部電影的評(píng)價(jià)。
一千個(gè)讀者就有一千個(gè)哈姆雷特。而且書籍和電影是兩種不同的媒體形式，因此也遵循不同的原則。知道了這一點(diǎn)，也許我們應(yīng)該從電影本身來(lái)評(píng)價(jià)它，而不是將其與原著進(jìn)行對(duì)比。值得注意的是，觀眾已經(jīng)逐漸將興趣轉(zhuǎn)向了《神探夏洛克》或《廣告狂人》這樣的電視連續(xù)劇，因?yàn)殡娨晞∧苷宫F(xiàn)更多人物，情節(jié)也得以逐步展開。也許有一天，F(xiàn)．斯科特·菲茨杰拉德最杰出作品的讀者們，會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)自己已被《了不起的蓋茨比》的劇集深深吸引。
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