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英語　選擇性必修 第一冊 RJ
Section Ⅱ　Learning About Language
一　閱讀單詞(3個)
寫出英語單詞
1．tunnel n. 地下通道；地道；隧道
2．wheat n. 小麥；小麥籽
3．fertiliser n. 肥料
二　核心單詞(3個)
A．寫出英語單詞
1．urban adj. 城市的；都市的；城鎮的
2．bomb n. 炸彈　vt. 轟炸；對……投炸彈
3．flavour n. 味道；特點；特色
B．用上面的單詞填空，使句意完整
1．(劍橋高階)We sell 32 different flavours of ice cream.
2．(柯林斯詞典)But a concerted effort has begun to improve the quality of the urban air.
3．(牛津高階)Guests panicked and screamed when the bomb exploded.
三　拓展單詞(3個)
A．寫出英語單詞，并嘗試寫出其詞性轉換(可查字典)
1．extension n. 擴建部分；擴大；電話分機→extend v. 延長；延伸；擴大
2．chemical adj. 與化學有關的；化學的　n. 化學制品；化學品→chemistry n. 化學，化學作用→chemist n. 化學家；藥劑師
3．nutrition n. 營養；滋養→nutritional adj. 營養(物)的→nutritious adj. 有營養的；營養豐富的
B．用上面的單詞填空，使句意完整
1．(2023·新課標Ⅰ卷)Which kinds of fish can eat cancer causing chemicals
2．(朗文當代)Cooking vegetables for too long lessens their nutritional value.
3．(牛津高階)The extension of the garden will take several weeks.
1 bomb n. 炸彈　vt. 轟炸；對……投炸彈(教材P52)
歸納
助記
①(牛津高階)Her new novel is going like a bomb.
她的新小說很暢銷。
②(朗文當代)My family were bombed out in 1941.
我們全家在1941年被炸得無家可歸。
③(牛津高階)They were bombing down the road at about 80 miles an hour.
他們正以大約一小時80英里的速度沿路飛馳。
【運用】單句語法填空
①The party was really going like a bomb.
②He was bombing along/down on his motorbike.
③Enemy planes dropped over 200 bombs (bomb) during the raid.
【輸出】翻譯
④我們的祖父母在戰爭期間有兩次被炸彈炸得無家可歸。
Our__grandparents__were__bombed__out__twice__during__the__war.
2 extension n. 擴建部分；擴大；電話分機(教材P52)
歸納
助記
①(劍橋高階)The article is an extension of the ideas Professor Fox developed in an earlier book.
這篇文章是?？怂菇淌谠谠缙谥髦刑岢龅挠^點的延伸。
②(柯林斯詞典)The support for the fence is mounted on an extension to the table.
籬笆的支撐部分安裝在桌子延長出的地方。
③(朗文當代)My primary responsibility is to the pupils, and by extension to the teachers and parents.
我的主要責任是對學生，進而是對老師和家長。
④(朗文當代)We can extend our insurance cover to travel abroad.
我們可以把保險范圍擴大到出國旅行。
【運用】單句語法填空
①The service also extends to wrapping and delivering gifts.
②The round moon is a symbol for completeness, and by extension, family reunion.
③He first entered Britain on a six－month visa, and was given a further extension (extend) of six months.
【輸出】翻譯
④The bank plans various extensions to its credit facilities.
銀行計劃多方擴展信貸服務。
⑤對舊學校擴建部分已近完工。
The__extension__to__the__old__school__is__nearly__finished.
[教材原句P53]Now that both of my grandparents have retired from their jobs in the city, how they are going to spend their retirement is an important decision for them. 既然現在，我的祖父母都已經從城市的工作崗位上退休了，他們將如何度過他們的退休生活對他們來說是一個重要的決定。
剖析 now that 引導原因狀語從句，表示強調“現在”，用來說明一種新情況，并據此進行推論。
歸納
①(牛津高階)Now that you mention it, she did seem to be in a strange mood.
既然你說到這事兒，她確實好像情緒不大對。
②(柯林斯詞典)He had reason to be pleased with himself, since he was one of only seven out of forty candidates who were successful.
他有理由沾沾自喜，因為他是40個候選人里僅有的7名成功者之一。
③(朗文當代)As it was getting late, I turned around to start for home.
因為天色已晚，我掉頭回家。
【運用】單句語法填空
①Now that she was retired she lived with her sister.
【輸出】翻譯
②Since they insist on going, we'll simply push the boat with the current and let them go with us.
既然他們堅持要去，干脆我們就順水推舟，讓他們一同去吧。
③我以前到哪里都跟著我媽，因為我是最小的。
I__used__to__go__everywhere__with__my__mother,__as__I__was__the__youngest.
一、概念
在句子中擔當主語的從句叫做主語從句，通常放在主句謂語動詞之前或由形式主語it代替，而本身放在句子末尾。
二、引導詞
1.從屬連詞that, whether
引導詞that只起連接作用，本身無實際意義，在從句中也不擔當任何句子成分；但that引導的主語從句放在句首時，不能省略that。
That he is still alive is a wonder.
他還活著，真是奇跡。
That he is a good student is beyond doubt.
毫無疑問，他是一個好學生。
Whether he will come is doubtful.
尚未確定他會不會來。
2．連接代詞who, what, which, whoever, whatever, whichever
What we need is more time.
我們需要的是更多的時間。
Which team will win the match is still unknown.
哪個隊會贏得這場比賽還不知道。
Whoever comes to the party will receive a present.
不管誰來這個派對都會獲得一份禮物。
3．連接副詞when, where, how, why
When they will start has not been decided yet.
他們何時開始還沒決定。
Where I will spend my summer is no business of yours.
我在哪里過暑假不關你的事。
How this happened is not clear to anyone.
這件事是怎樣發生的，誰也不清楚。
　
(1)單句語法填空
①That she became an artist may have been due to her father's influence.
②Whether it will do us harm remains to be seen.
③Where the ancient civilization once flourished is not a bustling city.
④What make the river more beautiful are the lotus plants growing in the water.
(2)翻譯
①給我印象最深的是他們都受過很多苦。
What__impressed__me__most__was__that__they__had__all__suffered__a__lot.
②他什么時候聽到那個消息不得而知。
When__he__heard__about__it__is__unknown.
三、形式主語it
有時為了使句子結構平衡，避免“頭重腳輕”，常用it作形式主語，而把真正的主語從句放在后面。
1．It＋be＋形容詞(obvious, important, true, natural, strange, etc.)＋主語從句
It is important that we should work out a plan to deal with the present serious situation.
我們應該制定一項方案來應付目前嚴峻的形勢，這一點非常重要。
2．It＋be＋名詞短語(no wonder, an honour, a pity, a/no surprise, etc.)＋主語從句
It's a pity that he didn't come.
很遺憾他沒來。
3．It＋be＋過去分詞(said, reported, suggested, thought, expected, proved, etc.)＋主語從句
It is suggested that the meeting be put off.
有人建議會議延期召開。
4．It＋及物動詞＋賓語＋主語從句
It surprised him that they came to visit him suddenly.
讓他吃驚的是他們突然來看他。
　
(1)單句語法填空
①It's unfair that so many people should lose their jobs.
②It was__suggested (suggest) that you be the candidate.
③It amazed me that you would believe those lies.
(2)翻譯
①這項使命不失敗至關重要。
It__is__important__that__this__mission__not__fail.
②很遺憾那個男孩再也沒有蘇醒過來。
It's__a__pity__that__the__boy__has__never__come__back__to__himself.
Ⅰ.根據語境及漢語提示完成句子
1．This year's yield of ________ (小麥) is higher than ever before.
答案：wheat
2．She has an ________ (電話分機) in the kitchen.
答案：extension
3．The tomatoes give extra ________ (味道) to the sauce.
答案：flavour
4．They drove a ________ (隧道) through the solid rock.
答案：tunnel
5．The spread of ________ (城市的) areas endangers wildlife.
答案：urban
Ⅱ.單句語法填空
1．________ he will continue to be successful in future is open to doubt.
答案：Whether
2．________ impresses me most is that the inventor of the instrument is a high school student.
答案：What
3．________ I liked geography seemed strange to my father.
答案：That
4．________ the new school year will start is announced by the school.
答案：When
5．Fresh vegetables are very ________ (nutrition)．
答案：nutritious
6．________ is a problem how they can live an ordinary life on so little food.
答案：It
7．What they need ________ (be) an act of kindness from you.
答案：is
8．________ studies hard can not fail to succeed.
答案：Whoever
9．________ it will stop raining is beyond our prediction.
答案：When
10．It is believed ________ Huck Finn is based on a childhood friend of Mark Twain's.
答案：that
Ⅲ.選詞填空
turn ... into reality; deal with; extension of; urban area; adapt to
1．He has some unfinished business to ________________．
答案：deal with
2．Our University City lies far away from the ____________， whose environment is quiet and beautiful.
答案：urban area
3．Whoever works really hard will have the chance to ________ their dreams________.
答案：turn; into reality
4．An open－minded person is able to ____________ new conditions.
答案：adapt to
5．To me, working is the most important ____________ life.
答案：extension of
Ⅳ.完成句子
1．他最關心的并非金錢和名譽。
________________________ most wasn't money or celebrity.
答案：What he cared about
2．他竟失去這樣一個好機會，真可惜。
____________________ that he should miss such a golden opportunity.
答案：It is a pity
3．這是否會成功還很難預測。
______________________________ is still difficult to predict.
答案：Whether this will be successful or not
4．不知道是誰放置了這顆炸彈。
It's not known ____________________________．
答案：who planted the bomb
5．這家化工廠因往河里傾倒廢水而被罰款。
________________ was fined for pouring waste water into the river.
答案：The chemical factory
課后課時作業
較易題(占比70%)　中檔題(占比30%)　拔高題(占比0%)
題號 Ⅰ Ⅱ
A B
難度 ★ ★ ★★
Ⅰ　閱讀
A
Visitor code of conduct
The Canada Agriculture and Food Museum is a national museum and open to all. Respectful use of the space, sources, and animals ensures a safe and enriching environment for all visitors.
Prohibited items
The possession or use of objects that are dangerous or prohibited by law is not permitted during museum visits or events. Backpacks, sports bags, and purses may be subject to “bag searches” at all entry points. The following items are not permitted into the museum: any object that makes noise, any animal except service animals, any dangerous items, any weapon, pocket knife, blade, pepper spray, and any object considered to be suspicious (可疑的) by security personnel.
Hours
The museum is open year round. Current hours of operation are 9：10 am－4：30 pm from Wednesday to Sunday, including statutory holidays, except December 25. The museum offers free admission from 3：30 pm to 4：30 pm. Please reserve your tickets in advance.
Admission
Adult: $12.25
Age 60＋： $10.25
Youth (ages 3－17): $10.25
Member: Free
Filming and photos
The museum welcomes visitors to take either photos or video images of the museum's animals, buildings, exhibitions, and grounds during opening hours. All photos are for personal use only, not professional. Please be respectful of the animals while using your camera. Getting too close or being too aggressive in your attempt to get an image could compromise your safety and cause stress to the animals. For safety reasons and for the enjoyment of all visitors, all indoor photography or video recording must be done with hand held devices only; no tripod (三腳架) or selfie sticks indoors.
Contact
Phone: 6139913044
Address: P. O. Box 9724, Station T Ottawa, ON K1G 5A3 Canada
篇章導讀：本文是一篇應用文。文章主要介紹的是參觀加拿大農業和食品博物館的相關信息。
1．Which of the following is allowed to be brought into the museum
A．Pet cats. B．Blades.
C．Fireworks. D．Guide dogs.
答案：D
解析：細節理解題。根據Prohibited items部分中的“The following items ... by security personnel.”可知，服務性的動物是可以進入博物館的。D項(導盲犬)屬于服務性動物。故選D。
2．How much will a couple (nonmembers) and ten year old twins pay for their tickets
A．45 dollars. B．34.75 dollars.
C．22.5 dollars. D．32.75 dollars.
答案：A
解析：細節理解題。根據Admission部分中的“Adult: $12.25；Youth (ages 3－17): $10.25；Member: Free (成人： $12.25；青少年(3～17 歲)：10.25 美元；會員：免費)”可知，一對非會員夫婦，需要的費用是 $12.25×2＝24.5；10歲的雙胞胎費用是 $10.25×2＝20.5，所以總費用是 $45。故選A。
3．Why is a selfie stick forbidden while you are photographing in the museum
A．It makes your objects out of focus.
B．It might endanger the visitors around you.
C．It might disturb the animals you photograph.
D．It leads to your being considered unprofessional.
答案：C
解析：推理判斷題。根據Filming and photos部分中的“Getting too close ... or selfie sticks indoors. (太靠近或太有攻擊性都可能危及你的安全，并給動物帶來壓力。為了安全及所有訪客的愉悅，所有室內攝影或錄像必須以手提式設備進行；室內不能使用三腳架或自拍桿。)”可推知，給動物拍照時，禁止使用自拍桿是因為這可能會干擾動物。故選C。
B
According to the Solar Energy Industry Association, the number of solar panels installed (安裝) has grown rapidly in the past decade, and it has to grow even faster to meet climate goals. But all of that growth will take up a lot of space, and though more and more people accept the concept of solar energy, few like large solar panels to be installed near them.
Solar developers want to put up panels as quickly and cheaply as possible, so they haven't given much thought to what they put under them. Often, they'll end up filling the area with small stones and using chemicals to control weeds. The result is that many communities, especially in farming regions, see solar farms as destroyers of the soil.
“Solar projects need to be good neighbors，” says Jordan Macknick, the head of the Innovative Site Preparation and Impact Reductions on the Environment (InSPIRE) project. “They need to be protectors of the land and contribute to the agricultural economy.” InSPIRE is investigating practical approaches to “low impact” solar development, which focuses on establishing and operating solar farms in a way that is kinder to the land. One of the easiest low impact solar strategies is providing habitat for pollinators (傳粉昆蟲)．
Habitat loss, pesticide use, and climate change have caused dramatic declines in pollinator populations over the past couple of decades, which has damaged the U．S. agricultural economy. Over 28 states have passed laws related to pollinator habitat protection and pesticide use. Conservation organizations put out pollinator friendliness guidelines for home gardens, businesses, schools, cities—and now there are guidelines for solar farms.
Over the past few years, many solar farm developers have transformed the space under their solar panels into a shelter for various kinds of pollinators, resulting in soil improvement and carbon reduction. “These pollinator friendly solar farms can have a valuable impact on everything that's going on in the landscape，” says Macknick.
篇章導讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了一種新型的太陽能農場，這種農場更有利于保護各種傳粉昆蟲，促進農業發展。
4．What do solar developers often ignore
A．The decline in the demand for solar energy.
B．The negative impact of installing solar panels.
C．The rising labor cost of building solar farms.
D．The most recent advances in solar technology.
答案：B
解析：細節理解題。根據第二段最后兩句“Often, they'll end up filling the area ... see solar farms as destroyers of the soil.” 可知，安裝太陽能板會對土壤造成破壞，即太陽能開發人員經常忽略太陽能的安裝帶來的負面影響。故選B。
5．What does InSPIRE aim to do
A．Improve the productivity of local farms.
B．Invent new methods for controlling weeds.
C．Make solar projects environmentally friendly.
D．Promote the use of solar energy in rural areas.
答案：C
解析：推理判斷題。根據第三段中的“Solar projects need to be good neighbors”以及“They need to be protectors of the land and contribute to the agricultural economy.”可推知，InSPIRE的目的是確保太陽能項目環保。故選C。
6．What is the purpose of the laws mentioned in paragraph 4
A．To conserve pollinators.
B．To restrict solar development.
C．To diversify the economy.
D．To ensure the supply of energy.
答案：A
解析：細節理解題。通讀第四段，尤其根據其中的“Over 28 states have passed laws ... pesticide use.”可知，多地通過法律是為了保護傳粉昆蟲。故選A。
7．Which of the following is the best title for the text
A．Pollinators: To Leave or to Stay
B．Solar Energy: Hope for the Future
C．InSPIRE: A Leader in Agriculture
D．Solar Farms: A New Development
答案：D
解析：標題判斷題。通讀全文尤其是根據最后一段可知，這些對傳粉昆蟲友好的太陽能農場可以對這片環境中發生的一切產生寶貴的影響。由此可推知，D項(太陽能農場：一項新發展)最適合作文章標題。故選D。
Ⅱ　語法填空
The Chinatown in San Francisco is the biggest in America, and also the __1__ (old). The climate is mild all year round, __2__ (mean) it is
always a good time to visit. Now, the __3__ (major) of residents in Chinatown are still ethnic Chinese, many of whom do not speak English __4__ (fluent). This allows visitors to experience a real taste of China. Most of Chinatown __5__ (destroy) in the 1906 earthquake, but the city and residents rebuilt it. Visitors can spend hours just __6__ (explore) the interesting sights, smells, and sounds of China. The stores in the Chinatown offer __7__ unique range of souvenirs, goods, and clothing. All kinds of traditional Chinese herbal medicine can be found, too, and there are Chinese tea stores, __8__ visitors can taste and buy varieties of Chinese tea. But perhaps __9__ many tourists and San Franciscans treasure most about Chinatown is its food. There is Chinese food to suit everyone's taste, __10__ traditional dishes from all over China.
1．________　2.________　3.________　4.________
5．________　6.________　7.________　8.________
9．________　10.________
篇章導讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了美國舊金山唐人街的現狀、歷史及其特色。
1．答案：oldest
解析：考查形容詞的最高級。句意：舊金山的唐人街是美國最大的，也是最古老的。根據上文的the biggest可知，此處應用形容詞的最高級。故填oldest。
2．答案：meaning
解析：考查非謂語動詞。句意：氣候一年四季溫和，這意味著一年四季都是游覽的好時節。此句應用現在分詞作結果狀語，表示自然而然的結果。故填meaning。
3．答案：majority
解析：考查詞性轉換。句意：現在，唐人街的大多數居民仍然是華人，他們中的許多人英語說得不流利。根據定冠詞the可知，設空處應用名詞，the majority of意為“大多數”。故填majority。
4．答案：fluently
解析：考查詞性轉換。修飾動詞speak應用副詞作狀語。故填fluently。
5．答案：was destroyed
解析：考查動詞的時態、語態和主謂一致。句意：唐人街大部分在1906年的地震中被摧毀，但城市和居民重建了它。設空處作謂語，根據時間狀語in the 1906 earthquake可知，本句時態為一般過去時；主語Most of Chinatown是單數，和動詞destroy之間為被動關系，應用被動語態。故填was destroyed。
6．答案：exploring
解析：考查非謂語動詞。spend time (in) doing sth為固定搭配，意為“花費時間做某事”。故填exploring。
7．答案：a
解析：考查冠詞。句意：唐人街的商店提供各種獨特的紀念品、商品和服裝。a range of意為“各種……”；設空后單詞unique的發音以輔音音素開頭。故填a。
8．答案：where
解析：考查定語從句的引導詞。句意：各種傳統的中草藥也可以找到，還有中國茶商店，游客可以在那里品嘗和購買各種中國茶。設空處引導非限制性定語從句，先行詞為Chinese tea stores，從句缺少地點狀語，應用關系副詞where引導。故填where。
9．答案：what
解析：考查主語從句的連接詞。句意：但也許許多游客和舊金山人最珍視的是唐人街的食物。這里為主語從句的連接詞，從句中缺少賓語，表示“……的事物”，應用連接代詞what引導。故填what。
10．答案：with
解析：考查介詞。句意：這里有適合每個人口味的中餐，有來自中國各地的傳統菜肴。根據句意和句子結構可知，設空處指的是“擁有”，應用介詞with。故填with。
　精深閱讀
While the banana is a common fruit we enjoy in our daily lives, have you heard of its relative, the enset (埃塞俄比亞蕉) This plant is a main food for more than 20 million people in Ethiopia. Scientists believe that the enset has the potential to provide food for over 100 million people in Africa. This could be a game－changer for addressing the food shortage due to climate change.
However, don't be fooled by its orange fruits! Unlike the banana, the fruits of the enset plant are not eatable, which has earned it the nickname of “false banana”. Food made from its roots is especially high in nutrients (營養).
The enset can feed more people per square meter of crop than most cereals (谷物). This makes it a key crop to focus on as the need to maximize the output of agricultural land in Africa grows ever more urgent. When Ethiopia experienced its most serious famine during the 1980s, the enset played a major role in helping communities recover from the famine. The enset is also used in traditional medicine, animal feed and so on.
Because of climate change, unstable temperatures and extreme weather events are posing risks to crop harvests. This threatens to worsen food shortage in many regions of Africa. Scientists believe that the enset can become a major solution for solving this issue. The enset is a very hardy plant, able to have a good harvest at a wide range of temperatures and geographical regions.
While scientists do not foresee it replacing the staple crops in other regions, they hope that the enset can be grown widely in Africa. The enset is certainly famous for its unique qualities that have given it the name “the tree against hunger”. It is an example of how food production is transforming in our world in the face of climate change.
篇章導讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章講述了埃塞俄比亞蕉是非洲主要的農作物，因為其獨特的品質和高產量在對抗饑餓問題上起著關鍵作用。
1．Why is the enset called “false banana”？
A．Because its fruits cannot be eaten.
B．Because its fruits look like oranges.
C．Because its fruits are rich in nutrients.
D．Because its fruits taste differently from bananas.
答案：A
解析：細節理解題。根據第二段中的“Unlike the banana ... of ‘false banana’．”可知，這種香蕉被稱為“假香蕉”是因為它的果實不能吃。故選A。
2．What makes the enset a key crop in Africa
A．Its good quality.
B．Its multiple purposes.
C．Its high output.
D．Its predictable future.
答案：C
解析：細節理解題。根據第三段中的“The enset can feed ... grows ever more urgent.”可知，埃塞俄比亞蕉是非洲的主要作物是因為它的高產量。故選C。
3．What does the underlined word “hardy” in Paragraph 4 mean
A．Accessible. B．Adaptable.
C．Adjustable. D．Available.
答案：B
解析：詞義猜測題。根據畫線詞下文“able to have a good harvest at a wide range of temperatures and geographical regions”可知，埃塞俄比亞蕉能夠適應不同的溫度和地域，由此可推知，這是一種適應性強的作物，畫線詞與“adaptable”意思相近。故選B。
4．Which can be a suitable title for the text
A．Enset: A Tree against Hunger
B．Enset: A Cure for Disease
C．Enset: A Replacement of Cereals
D．Enset: A Relative of Banana
答案：A
解析：標題判斷題。通讀全文可知，文章講述了埃塞俄比亞蕉是非洲主要的農作物，其獨特的品質和高產量在對抗饑餓問題上起著關鍵作用，被稱為“對抗饑餓的樹”。由此可知，A項(埃塞俄比亞蕉：對抗饑餓的樹)最適合作為文章標題。故選A。
(一)學習重點詞匯
1．address(第一段)
熟義 n. 住址；地址 We always check people's addresses as a matter of course. 我們總是照例檢查一下人們的地址。
生義 vt. 設法解決 We must address ourselves to the problem of traffic pollution. 我們必須設法解決交通污染問題。
n. 演講；演說 His inspiring address was broadcast last night. 昨晚廣播了他令人鼓舞的演講。
2．maximize(第三段)
maximize v. 使……最大化；最大化→max adj. 最高的；最多的；最大值的→maximum (pl. maxima) n. 最大限度；最大量；最高限度
3．risk(第四段)
(二)不看原文，請嘗試將圖中內容補充完整
(三)翻譯并背誦佳句
When Ethiopia experienced its most serious famine during the 1980s, the enset played a major role in helping communities recover from the famine.
當20世紀80年代，埃塞俄比亞經歷最嚴重的饑荒時，埃塞俄比亞蕉在幫助社區居民擺脫饑荒方面發揮了重要作用。
18(共70張PPT)
WELCOME UNIT
UNIT 5　WORKING THE LAND
Section Ⅱ　 Learning About Language
課前預習　效果檢測
合作探究　精研重點
目錄
CONTENTS
1
2
學習效果　當堂鞏固
3
課后課時作業
４
課前預習　效果檢測
一　閱讀單詞(3個)
寫出英語單詞
1．________ n. 地下通道；地道；隧道
2．________ n. 小麥；小麥籽
3．________ n. 肥料
tunnel
wheat
fertiliser
二　核心單詞(3個)
A．寫出英語單詞
1．________ adj. 城市的；都市的；城鎮的
2．________ n. 炸彈　vt. 轟炸；對……投炸彈
3．________ n. 味道；特點；特色
B．用上面的單詞填空，使句意完整
1．(劍橋高階)We sell 32 different ________ of ice cream.
2．(柯林斯詞典)But a concerted effort has begun to improve the quality of the ________ air.
3．(牛津高階)Guests panicked and screamed when the ________ exploded.
urban
bomb
flavou
flavours
urban
bomb
三　拓展單詞(3個)
A．寫出英語單詞，并嘗試寫出其詞性轉換(可查字典)
1．________ n. 擴建部分；擴大；電話分機→________ v. 延長；延伸；擴大
2．________ adj. 與化學有關的；化學的　n. 化學制品；化學品→________ n. 化學，化學作用→________ n. 化學家；藥劑師
3．________ n. 營養；滋養→________ adj. 營養(物)的→________ adj. 有營養的；營養豐富的
extension
extend
chemical
chemistry
chemist
nutrition
nutritional
nutritious
B．用上面的單詞填空，使句意完整
1．(2023·新課標Ⅰ卷)Which kinds of fish can eat cancer causing ________？
2．(朗文當代)Cooking vegetables for too long lessens their ________ value.
3．(牛津高階)The ________ of the garden will take several weeks.
chemicals
nutritional
extension
合作探究　精研重點
1 bomb n. 炸彈　vt. 轟炸；對……投炸彈(教材P52)
歸納
助記
①(牛津高階)Her new novel is going like a bomb.
她的新小說很暢銷。
②(朗文當代)My family were bombed out in 1941.
我們全家在1941年被炸得無家可歸。
③(牛津高階)They were bombing down the road at about 80 miles an hour.
他們正以大約一小時80英里的速度沿路飛馳。
【運用】單句語法填空
①The party was really going ________ a bomb.
②He was bombing _________ on his motorbike.
③Enemy planes dropped over 200 ________ (bomb) during the raid.
【輸出】翻譯
④我們的祖父母在戰爭期間有兩次被炸彈炸得無家可歸。
__________________________________________________________________
like
along/down
bombs
Our grandparents were bombed out twice during the war.
2 extension n. 擴建部分；擴大；電話分機(教材P52)
歸納
助記
①(劍橋高階)The article is an extension of the ideas Professor Fox developed in an earlier book.
這篇文章是?？怂菇淌谠谠缙谥髦刑岢龅挠^點的延伸。
②(柯林斯詞典)The support for the fence is mounted on an extension to the table.
籬笆的支撐部分安裝在桌子延長出的地方。
③(朗文當代)My primary responsibility is to the pupils, and by extension to the teachers and parents.
我的主要責任是對學生，進而是對老師和家長。
④(朗文當代)We can extend our insurance cover to travel abroad.
我們可以把保險范圍擴大到出國旅行。
【運用】單句語法填空
①The service also extends ___ wrapping and delivering gifts.
②The round moon is a symbol for completeness, and ___ extension, family reunion.
③He first entered Britain on a six－month visa, and was given a further _______ (extend) of six months.
【輸出】翻譯
④The bank plans various extensions to its credit facilities.
____________________________________________
⑤對舊學校擴建部分已近完工。
______________________________________________
to
by
extension
銀行計劃多方擴展信貸服務。
The extension to the old school is nearly finished.
[教材原句P53]Now that both of my grandparents have retired from their jobs in the city, how they are going to spend their retirement is an important decision for them.
既然現在，我的祖父母都已經從城市的工作崗位上退休了，他們將如何度過他們的退休生活對他們來說是一個重要的決定。
剖析 now that 引導原因狀語從句，表示強調“現在”，用來說明一種新情況，并據此進行推論。
歸納
①(牛津高階)Now that you mention it, she did seem to be in a strange mood.
既然你說到這事兒，她確實好像情緒不大對。
②(柯林斯詞典)He had reason to be pleased with himself, since he was one of only seven out of forty candidates who were successful.
他有理由沾沾自喜，因為他是40個候選人里僅有的7名成功者之一。
③(朗文當代)As it was getting late, I turned around to start for home.
因為天色已晚，我掉頭回家。
【運用】單句語法填空
①Now ______ she was retired she lived with her sister.
【輸出】翻譯
②Since they insist on going, we'll simply push the boat with the current and let them go with us.
_____________________________________________________________
③我以前到哪里都跟著我媽，因為我是最小的。
_________________________________________________________________
that
既然他們堅持要去，干脆我們就順水推舟，讓他們一同去吧。
I used to go everywhere with my mother, as I was the youngest.
在句子中擔當主語的從句叫做主語從句，通常放在主句謂語動詞之前或由形式主語it代替，而本身放在句子末尾。
1.從屬連詞that, whether
引導詞that只起連接作用，本身無實際意義，在從句中也不擔當任何句子成分；但that引導的主語從句放在句首時，不能省略that。
That he is still alive is a wonder.
他還活著，真是奇跡。
That he is a good student is beyond doubt.
毫無疑問，他是一個好學生。
Whether he will come is doubtful.
尚未確定他會不會來。
一、概念
二、引導詞
2．連接代詞who, what, which, whoever, whatever, whichever
What we need is more time.
我們需要的是更多的時間。
Which team will win the match is still unknown.
哪個隊會贏得這場比賽還不知道。
Whoever comes to the party will receive a present.
不管誰來這個派對都會獲得一份禮物。
3．連接副詞when, where, how, why
When they will start has not been decided yet.
他們何時開始還沒決定。
Where I will spend my summer is no business of yours.
我在哪里過暑假不關你的事。
How this happened is not clear to anyone.
這件事是怎樣發生的，誰也不清楚。
(1)單句語法填空
①________ she became an artist may have been due to her father's influence.
② ________ it will do us harm remains to be seen.
③ ________ the ancient civilization once flourished is not a bustling city.
④ ________ make the river more beautiful are the lotus plants growing in the water.
That
Whether
Where
What
(2)翻譯
①給我印象最深的是他們都受過很多苦。
______________________________________________________________
②他什么時候聽到那個消息不得而知。
_____________________________________________________________
What impressed me most was that they had all suffered a lot.
When he heard about it is unknown.
有時為了使句子結構平衡，避免“頭重腳輕”，常用it作形式主語，而把真正的主語從句放在后面。
1．It＋be＋形容詞(obvious, important, true, natural, strange, etc.)＋主語從句
It is important that we should work out a plan to deal with the present serious situation.
我們應該制定一項方案來應付目前嚴峻的形勢，這一點非常重要。
三、形式主語it
2．It＋be＋名詞短語(no wonder, an honour, a pity, a/no surprise, etc.)＋主語從句
It's a pity that he didn't come.
很遺憾他沒來。
3．It＋be＋過去分詞(said, reported, suggested, thought, expected, proved, etc.)＋主語從句
It is suggested that the meeting be put off.
有人建議會議延期召開。
4．It＋及物動詞＋賓語＋主語從句
It surprised him that they came to visit him suddenly.
讓他吃驚的是他們突然來看他。
(1)單句語法填空
①It's unfair _______ so many people should lose their jobs.
②It _______________(suggest) that you be the candidate.
③It amazed me _____ you would believe those lies.
(2)翻譯
①這項使命不失敗至關重要。
_____________________________________________________________
②很遺憾那個男孩再也沒有蘇醒過來。
_____________________________________________________________
that
was suggested
that
It is important that this mission not fail.
It's a pity that the boy has never come back to himself.
學習效果　當堂鞏固
Ⅰ.根據語境及漢語提示完成句子
1．This year's yield of ________ (小麥) is higher than ever before.
2．She has an __________ (電話分機) in the kitchen.
3．The tomatoes give extra ________ (味道) to the sauce.
4．They drove a ________ (隧道) through the solid rock.
5．The spread of ________ (城市的) areas endangers wildlife.
wheat
extension
flavour
tunnel
urban
Ⅱ.單句語法填空
1．________ he will continue to be successful in future is open to doubt.
2．________ impresses me most is that the inventor of the instrument is a high school student.
3．________ I liked geography seemed strange to my father.
4．________ the new school year will start is announced by the school.
5．Fresh vegetables are very ________ (nutrition)．
Whether
What
That
When
nutritious
6．________ is a problem how they can live an ordinary life on so little food.
7．What they need ________ (be) an act of kindness from you.
8．________ studies hard can not fail to succeed.
9．________ it will stop raining is beyond our prediction.
10．It is believed ________ Huck Finn is based on a childhood friend of Mark Twain's.
It
is
Whoever
When
that
turn ... into reality; deal with; extension of; urban area; adapt to
Ⅲ.選詞填空
1．He has some unfinished business to ________________．
2．Our University City lies far away from the ____________， whose environment is quiet and beautiful.
3．Whoever works really hard will have the chance to ________ their dreams___________.
4．An open－minded person is able to ____________ new conditions.
5．To me, working is the most important ____________ life.
deal with
urban area
turn
into reality
adapt to
extension of
Ⅳ.完成句子
1．他最關心的并非金錢和名譽。
________________________ most wasn't money or celebrity.
2．他竟失去這樣一個好機會，真可惜。
_______________ that he should miss such a golden opportunity.
3．這是否會成功還很難預測。
________________________________ is still difficult to predict.
4．不知道是誰放置了這顆炸彈。
It's not known ____________________________．
5．這家化工廠因往河里傾倒廢水而被罰款。
_________________ was fined for pouring waste water into the river.
What he cared about
It is a pity
Whether this will be successful or not
who planted the bomb
The chemical factory
課后課時作業
較易題(占比70%)　中檔題(占比30%)　拔高題(占比0%)
題號 Ⅰ Ⅱ
A B 難度 ★ ★ ★★
Ⅰ　閱讀
A
Visitor code of conduct
The Canada Agriculture and Food Museum is a national museum and open to all. Respectful use of the space, sources, and animals ensures a safe and enriching environment for all visitors.
Prohibited items
The possession or use of objects that are dangerous or prohibited by law is not permitted during museum visits or events. Backpacks, sports bags, and purses may be subject to “bag searches” at all entry points. The following items are not permitted into the museum: any object that makes noise, any animal except service animals, any dangerous items, any weapon, pocket knife, blade, pepper spray, and any object considered to be suspicious (可疑的) by security personnel.
Hours
The museum is open year round. Current hours of operation are 9：10 am－4：30 pm from Wednesday to Sunday, including statutory holidays, except December 25. The museum offers free admission from 3：30 pm to 4：30 pm. Please reserve your tickets in advance.
Admission
Adult: $12.25
Age 60＋： $10.25
Youth (ages 3－17): $10.25
Member: Free
Filming and photos
The museum welcomes visitors to take either photos or video images of the museum's animals, buildings, exhibitions, and grounds during opening hours. All photos are for personal use only, not professional. Please be respectful of the animals while using your camera. Getting too close or being too aggressive in your attempt to get an image could compromise your safety and cause stress to the animals. For safety reasons and for the enjoyment of all visitors, all indoor photography or video recording must be done with hand held devices only; no tripod (三腳架) or selfie sticks indoors.
篇章導讀：本文是一篇應用文。文章主要介紹的是參觀加拿大農業和食品博物館的相關信息。
Contact
Phone: 6139913044
Address: P. O. Box 9724, Station T Ottawa, ON K1G 5A3 Canada
1．Which of the following is allowed to be brought into the museum
A．Pet cats. B．Blades.
C．Fireworks. D．Guide dogs.
解析：細節理解題。根據Prohibited items部分中的“The following items ... by security personnel.”可知，服務性的動物是可以進入博物館的。D項(導盲犬)屬于服務性動物。故選D。
2．How much will a couple (nonmembers) and ten year old twins pay for their tickets
A．45 dollars. B．34.75 dollars.
C．22.5 dollars. D．32.75 dollars.
解析：細節理解題。根據Admission部分中的“Adult: $12.25；Youth (ages 3－17): $10.25；Member: Free (成人： $12.25；青少年(3～17 歲)：10.25 美元；會員：免費)”可知，一對非會員夫婦，需要的費用是 $12.25×2＝24.5；10歲的雙胞胎費用是 $10.25×2＝20.5，所以總費用是 $45。故選A。
3．Why is a selfie stick forbidden while you are photographing in the museum
A．It makes your objects out of focus.
B．It might endanger the visitors around you.
C．It might disturb the animals you photograph.
D．It leads to your being considered unprofessional.
解析：推理判斷題。根據Filming and photos部分中的“Getting too close ... or selfie sticks indoors. (太靠近或太有攻擊性都可能危及你的安全，并給動物帶來壓力。為了安全及所有訪客的愉悅，所有室內攝影或錄像必須以手提式設備進行；室內不能使用三腳架或自拍桿。)”可推知，給動物拍照時，禁止使用自拍桿是因為這可能會干擾動物。故選C。
B
According to the Solar Energy Industry Association, the number of solar panels installed (安裝) has grown rapidly in the past decade, and it has to grow even faster to meet climate goals. But all of that growth will take up a lot of space, and though more and more people accept the concept of solar energy, few like large solar panels to be installed near them.
Solar developers want to put up panels as quickly and cheaply as possible, so they haven't given much thought to what they put under them. Often, they'll end up filling the area with small stones and using chemicals to control weeds. The result is that many communities, especially in farming regions, see solar farms as destroyers of the soil.
“Solar projects need to be good neighbors，” says Jordan Macknick, the head of the Innovative Site Preparation and Impact Reductions on the Environment (InSPIRE) project. “They need to be protectors of the land and contribute to the agricultural economy.” InSPIRE is investigating practical approaches to “low impact” solar development, which focuses on establishing and operating solar farms in a way that is kinder to the land. One of the easiest low impact solar strategies is providing habitat for pollinators (傳粉昆蟲)．
Habitat loss, pesticide use, and climate change have caused dramatic declines in pollinator populations over the past couple of decades, which has damaged the U．S. agricultural economy. Over 28 states have passed laws related to pollinator habitat protection and pesticide use. Conservation organizations put out pollinator friendliness guidelines for home gardens, businesses, schools, cities—and now there are guidelines for solar farms.
篇章導讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了一種新型的太陽能農場，這種農場更有利于保護各種傳粉昆蟲，促進農業發展。
Over the past few years, many solar farm developers have transformed the space under their solar panels into a shelter for various kinds of pollinators, resulting in soil improvement and carbon reduction. “These pollinator friendly solar farms can have a valuable impact on everything that's going on in the landscape，” says Macknick.
4．What do solar developers often ignore
A．The decline in the demand for solar energy.
B．The negative impact of installing solar panels.
C．The rising labor cost of building solar farms.
D．The most recent advances in solar technology.
解析：細節理解題。根據第二段最后兩句“Often, they'll end up filling the area ... see solar farms as destroyers of the soil.” 可知，安裝太陽能板會對土壤造成破壞，即太陽能開發人員經常忽略太陽能的安裝帶來的負面影響。故選B。
5．What does InSPIRE aim to do
A．Improve the productivity of local farms.
B．Invent new methods for controlling weeds.
C．Make solar projects environmentally friendly.
D．Promote the use of solar energy in rural areas.
解析：推理判斷題。根據第三段中的“Solar projects need to be good neighbors”以及“They need to be protectors of the land and contribute to the agricultural economy.”可推知，InSPIRE的目的是確保太陽能項目環保。故選C。
6．What is the purpose of the laws mentioned in paragraph 4
A．To conserve pollinators.
B．To restrict solar development.
C．To diversify the economy.
D．To ensure the supply of energy.
解析：細節理解題。通讀第四段，尤其根據其中的“Over 28 states have passed laws ... pesticide use.”可知，多地通過法律是為了保護傳粉昆蟲。故選A。
7．Which of the following is the best title for the text
A．Pollinators: To Leave or to Stay
B．Solar Energy: Hope for the Future
C．InSPIRE: A Leader in Agriculture
D．Solar Farms: A New Development
解析：標題判斷題。通讀全文尤其是根據最后一段可知，這些對傳粉昆蟲友好的太陽能農場可以對這片環境中發生的一切產生寶貴的影響。由此可推知，D項(太陽能農場：一項新發展)最適合作文章標題。故選D。
Ⅱ　語法填空
The Chinatown in San Francisco is the biggest in America, and also the __1__ (old). The climate is mild all year round, __2__ (mean) it is always a good time to visit. Now, the __3__ (major) of residents in Chinatown are still ethnic Chinese, many of whom do not speak English __4__ (fluent). This allows visitors to experience a real taste of China. Most of Chinatown __5__ (destroy) in the 1906 earthquake, but the city and residents rebuilt it. Visitors can spend hours just __6__ (explore) the interesting sights, smells, and sounds of China. The stores in the Chinatown offer __7__ unique range of souvenirs, goods, and clothing. All kinds of traditional Chinese herbal medicine can be found, too, and there are Chinese tea stores, __8__ visitors can taste and buy varieties of Chinese tea. But perhaps __9__ many tourists and San Franciscans treasure most about Chinatown is its food. There is Chinese food to suit everyone's taste, __10__ traditional dishes from all over China.
篇章導讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了美國舊金山唐人街的現狀、歷史及其特色。
1．________　2．________　3．________　4．________　5．________　
6．________　7．________　8．________　9．________　10．________
1．答案：oldest
2．答案：meaning
解析：考查形容詞的最高級。句意：舊金山的唐人街是美國最大的，也是最古老的。根據上文的the biggest可知，此處應用形容詞的最高級。故填oldest。
解析：考查非謂語動詞。句意：氣候一年四季溫和，這意味著一年四季都是游覽的好時節。此句應用現在分詞作結果狀語，表示自然而然的結果。故填meaning。
3．答案： majority
4．答案：fluently
解析：考查詞性轉換。句意：現在，唐人街的大多數居民仍然是華人，他們中的許多人英語說得不流利。根據定冠詞the可知，設空處應用名詞，the majority of意為“大多數”。故填majority。
解析：考查詞性轉換。修飾動詞speak應用副詞作狀語。故填fluently。
5．答案：was destroyed
6．答案： exploring
解析：考查動詞的時態、語態和主謂一致。句意：唐人街大部分在1906年的地震中被摧毀，但城市和居民重建了它。設空處作謂語，根據時間狀語in the 1906 earthquake可知，本句時態為一般過去時；主語Most of Chinatown是單數，和動詞destroy之間為被動關系，應用被動語態。故填was destroyed。
解析：考查非謂語動詞。spend time (in) doing sth為固定搭配，意為“花費時間做某事”。故填exploring。
7．答案：a
8．答案： where
解析：考查冠詞。句意：唐人街的商店提供各種獨特的紀念品、商品和服裝。a range of意為“各種……”；設空后單詞unique的發音以輔音音素開頭。故填a。
解析：考查定語從句的引導詞。句意：各種傳統的中草藥也可以找到，還有中國茶商店，游客可以在那里品嘗和購買各種中國茶。設空處引導非限制性定語從句，先行詞為Chinese tea stores，從句缺少地點狀語，應用關系副詞where引導。故填where。
9．答案： what
10．答案： with
解析：考查主語從句的連接詞。句意：但也許許多游客和舊金山人最珍視的是唐人街的食物。這里為主語從句的連接詞，從句中缺少賓語，表示“……的事物”，應用連接代詞what引導。故填what。
解析：考查介詞。句意：這里有適合每個人口味的中餐，有來自中國各地的傳統菜肴。根據句意和句子結構可知，設空處指的是“擁有”，應用介詞with。故填with。
While the banana is a common fruit we enjoy in our daily lives, have you heard of its relative, the enset (埃塞俄比亞蕉) This plant is a main food for more than 20 million people in Ethiopia. Scientists believe that the enset has the potential to provide food for over 100 million people in Africa. This could be a game－changer for addressing the food shortage due to climate change.
However, don't be fooled by its orange fruits! Unlike the banana, the fruits of the enset plant are not eatable, which has earned it the nickname of “false banana”. Food made from its roots is especially high in nutrients (營養).
精深閱讀
The enset can feed more people per square meter of crop than most cereals (谷物). This makes it a key crop to focus on as the need to maximize the output of agricultural land in Africa grows ever more urgent. When Ethiopia experienced its most serious famine during the 1980s, the enset played a major role in helping communities recover from the famine. The enset is also used in traditional medicine, animal feed and so on.
Because of climate change, unstable temperatures and extreme weather events are posing risks to crop harvests. This threatens to worsen food shortage in many regions of Africa. Scientists believe that the enset can become a major solution for solving this issue. The enset is a very hardy plant, able to have a good harvest at a wide range of temperatures and geographical regions.
篇章導讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章講述了埃塞俄比亞蕉是非洲主要的農作物，因為其獨特的品質和高產量在對抗饑餓問題上起著關鍵作用。
While scientists do not foresee it replacing the staple crops in other regions, they hope that the enset can be grown widely in Africa. The enset is certainly famous for its unique qualities that have given it the name “the tree against hunger”. It is an example of how food production is transforming in our world in the face of climate change.
1．Why is the enset called “false banana”？
A．Because its fruits cannot be eaten.
B．Because its fruits look like oranges.
C．Because its fruits are rich in nutrients.
D．Because its fruits taste differently from bananas.
解析：細節理解題。根據第二段中的“Unlike the banana ... of ‘false banana’．”可知，這種香蕉被稱為“假香蕉”是因為它的果實不能吃。故選A。
2．What makes the enset a key crop in Africa
A．Its good quality.
B．Its multiple purposes.
C．Its high output.
D．Its predictable future.
解析：細節理解題。根據第三段中的“The enset can feed ... grows ever more urgent.”可知，埃塞俄比亞蕉是非洲的主要作物是因為它的高產量。故選C。
3．What does the underlined word “hardy” in Paragraph 4 mean
A．Accessible. B．Adaptable.
C．Adjustable. D．Available.
解析：詞義猜測題。根據畫線詞下文“able to have a good harvest at a wide range of temperatures and geographical regions”可知，埃塞俄比亞蕉能夠適應不同的溫度和地域，由此可推知，這是一種適應性強的作物，畫線詞與“adaptable”意思相近。故選B。
4．Which can be a suitable title for the text
A．Enset: A Tree against Hunger
B．Enset: A Cure for Disease
C．Enset: A Replacement of Cereals
D．Enset: A Relative of Banana
解析：標題判斷題。通讀全文可知，文章講述了埃塞俄比亞蕉是非洲主要的農作物，其獨特的品質和高產量在對抗饑餓問題上起著關鍵作用，被稱為“對抗饑餓的樹”。由此可知，A項(埃塞俄比亞蕉：對抗饑餓的樹)最適合作為文章標題。故選A。
熟義 n. ___________ We always check people's addresses as a matter of course.
我們總是照例檢查一下人們的_______。
生義 vt. __________ We must address ourselves to the problem of traffic pollution.
我們必須___________交通污染問題。
n. __________ His inspiring address was broadcast last night.
昨晚廣播了他令人鼓舞的_____。
(一)學習重點詞匯
1．address(第一段)
住址；地址
地址
設法解決
設法解決
演講；演說
演講
2．maximize(第三段)
maximize v. ______________________→max adj.___________________________ →maximum (pl. maxima) n. ___________________________________
使……最大化；最大化
最高的；最多的；最大值的
最大限度；最大量；最高限度
3．risk(第四段)
危險，風險
給……帶來風險
冒險去做某事
冒……的危險；冒險做
冒險做某事
有危險的；有風險的
做某事是有風險的
(二)不看原文，請嘗試將圖中內容補充完整
eatable
high
maximize
unstable
medicine
(二)不看原文，請嘗試將圖中內容補充完整
eatable
high
maximize
unstable
medicine
(二)不看原文，請嘗試將圖中內容補充完整
When Ethiopia experienced its most serious famine during the 1980s, the enset played a major role in helping communities recover from the famine.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
當20世紀80年代，埃塞俄比亞經歷最嚴重的饑荒時，埃塞俄比亞蕉在幫助社區居民擺脫饑荒方面發揮了重要作用。

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