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英語(yǔ)　選擇性必修 第一冊(cè) RJ
Section Ⅱ　Learning About Language
一　閱讀單詞(3個(gè))
寫(xiě)出英語(yǔ)單詞
1．twin adj. 雙胞胎之一的；孿生之一的　n. 孿生之一；雙胞胎之一
2．nonverbal adj. 不涉及言語(yǔ)的；非言語(yǔ)的
3．slump vi. 垂頭彎腰地走(或坐等)
二　核心單詞(5個(gè))
A．寫(xiě)出英語(yǔ)單詞
1．incident n. 發(fā)生的事情；嚴(yán)重事件；沖突
2．trial n．& v. 審訊；審判；試驗(yàn)；試用
3．internal adj. 內(nèi)部的；里面的
4．pose n. 故作姿態(tài)；(為畫(huà)像、拍照等擺的)姿勢(shì)
vi. 擺好姿勢(shì)　vt. 造成(威脅、問(wèn)題等)
5．bend vt.& vi. (使)彎曲；傾斜；偏向
B．用上面的單詞填空，使句意完整
1．(中國(guó)日?qǐng)?bào))The experience wasn't very comfortable because the knee didn't bend,__and it took Sun time to go up and down stairs.
2．(牛津高階)Everyone has a right to a fair trial．
3．(劍橋高階)We all posed for our photographs next to the Statue of Liberty.
4．(劍橋高階)A youth was seriously injured in a shooting incident on Saturday night.
三　拓展單詞(2個(gè))
A．寫(xiě)出英語(yǔ)單詞，并嘗試寫(xiě)出其詞性轉(zhuǎn)換(可查字典)
1．slight adj. 輕微的；略微的；細(xì)小的→slightly adv. 略微；稍微
2．a(chǎn)ssess vt. 評(píng)估；評(píng)價(jià)→assessment n. 評(píng)價(jià)；評(píng)定
B．用上面的單詞填空，使句意完整
1．(朗文當(dāng)代)The technique is being tried in classrooms to assess what effects it may have.
2．(柯林斯詞典)His family then moved to a slightly larger house.
四　重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ)(1個(gè))
A．寫(xiě)出英語(yǔ)短語(yǔ)
straighten__up 直起來(lái)；整理；收拾整齊
B．翻譯
(柯林斯詞典)This is my job, to straighten up, to file things.
這就是我的工作，整理東西，把東西歸檔。
1 incident n. 發(fā)生的事情；嚴(yán)重事件；沖突(教材P40)
歸納
助記
①(2023·浙江高考1月)During the cookout, I told my hosts about the hummingbird incident.
野餐期間，我把蜂鳥(niǎo)事件告訴了我的主人。
②(牛津高階)The traffic took a long time to clear after the accident.
事故過(guò)去后很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間交通才恢復(fù)暢通。
③(2024·新課標(biāo)Ⅱ卷)She explains we are at a “tipping point” in history and must act now to prevent an extinction－level event for humanity.
她解釋說(shuō)，我們正處于歷史的 “臨界點(diǎn)”，必須立即采取行動(dòng)，防止人類發(fā)生滅絕級(jí)別的事件。
【運(yùn)用】選詞填空(incident/accident/event)
①Over 70，000 people are killed or seriously injured every year in road accidents．
②This year's Olympic Games must be the biggest ever sporting event．
③The incident brought the problem of violence in schools into sharp focus.
【輸出】翻譯
④It's not clear whether the incident was an accident or deliberate.
還不清楚這起事件是意外還是蓄意所為。
2 assessment n. 評(píng)價(jià)；評(píng)定(教材P40)
歸納
助記
①(柯林斯詞典)There is little assessment of the damage to the natural environment.
幾乎沒(méi)有有關(guān)自然環(huán)境破壞的評(píng)估。
②(劍橋高階)They assessed the cost of the flood damage at ￡1，500.
他們估計(jì)洪水造成的損失為1，500英鎊。
③(牛津高階)The young men were assessed as either safe or unsafe drivers.
這些年輕人被評(píng)定為謹(jǐn)慎駕駛員或不謹(jǐn)慎駕駛員兩類。
【運(yùn)用】單句語(yǔ)法填空
①M(fèi)any of the adults were assessed as having learning difficulties.
②Damage to the building was assessed at $200，000.
③What's your assessment of her chances of winning
【輸出】翻譯
④First, we must make an assessment of their achievements that they have made.
首先，我們必須評(píng)估他們所取得的成就。
3 pose n. 故作姿態(tài)；(為畫(huà)像、拍照等擺的)姿勢(shì)　vi. 擺好姿勢(shì)　vt. 造成(威脅、問(wèn)題等)(教材P40)
歸納
助記
①(朗文當(dāng)代)Ann struck a pose and smiled for the camera.
安擺了個(gè)姿勢(shì)，對(duì)著鏡頭笑了笑。
②(柯林斯詞典)The team posed as drug dealers to trap the ringleaders.
該專案組成員們假扮毒品販子來(lái)誘捕犯罪頭目。
③(牛津高階)The delegates posed for a group photograph.
代表們擺好姿勢(shì)準(zhǔn)備拍集體照。
【運(yùn)用】單句語(yǔ)法填空
①After the wedding we all posed for a photograph.
②They entered the building posing as workmen.
【輸出】翻譯
③This could pose a threat to jobs in the manufacturing industry.
這可能會(huì)給制造業(yè)的就業(yè)造成威脅。
4 bend vt.& vi. (使)彎曲；傾斜；偏向(教材P41)
歸納
助記
①(柯林斯詞典)They walked in a crouch, each bent over close to the ground.
他們蹲伏著行走，一個(gè)個(gè)彎著腰快要貼著地面了。
②(朗文當(dāng)代)I bent down to lift the box off the floor.
我彎下腰把箱子抬離地板。
③(劍橋高階)The road bends to the left after the first set of traffic lights.
道路在第一組紅綠燈后向左轉(zhuǎn)彎。
【運(yùn)用】單句語(yǔ)法填空
①The man bent down to kiss the child.
②The local council was forced to bend to public pressure.
【輸出】翻譯
③He bent over and picked up a sliver coin.
他彎腰拾起一枚銀幣。
一、動(dòng)詞 ing形式作賓語(yǔ)
動(dòng)詞 ing形式作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，可位于動(dòng)詞之后，也可位于介詞之后，此處重點(diǎn)講動(dòng)詞 ing形式作動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)。
1．a(chǎn)dmit, avoid, consider, enjoy, escape, finish, imagine, mind, miss, practise, suggest, delay, appreciate等動(dòng)詞之后要用動(dòng)詞 ing形式作賓語(yǔ)，而不用動(dòng)詞不定式。
He admitted cheating in the exam.
他承認(rèn)在考試中作弊了。
I couldn't avoid making mistakes whenever I started to speak English.
每當(dāng)我開(kāi)始說(shuō)英語(yǔ)我就無(wú)法避免出錯(cuò)。
I often practise speaking English.
我經(jīng)常練習(xí)說(shuō)英語(yǔ)。
2．feel like, give up, put off, look forward to, can't help，can't stand等之后一般用動(dòng)詞 ing形式作賓語(yǔ)，而不用動(dòng)詞不定式。
It's great to be here with these friends and do what we feel like doing.
和這些朋友們?cè)谝黄鸩⑶易鲎约合胱龅氖碌母杏X(jué)真的很好。
He couldn't help crying when he heard the news.
當(dāng)聽(tīng)到這個(gè)消息時(shí)，他忍不住哭了。
3．動(dòng)詞 ing形式作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)也可有自身的邏輯主語(yǔ)。
“邏輯主語(yǔ)＋動(dòng)詞 ing”是動(dòng)詞 ing形式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)，動(dòng)詞 ing形式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，邏輯主語(yǔ)的常見(jiàn)形式：
(1)邏輯主語(yǔ)有生命時(shí)：名詞所有格、名詞原形、形容詞性物主代詞、人稱代詞賓格
I am astonished at Mary/Mary's suddenly becoming rich.
我對(duì)瑪麗的暴富感到驚奇。
Would you mind my/me using your cell phone
你介意我用你的手機(jī)嗎？
(2)邏輯主語(yǔ)無(wú)生命時(shí)：原形
I knew nothing about the window being open.
我一點(diǎn)兒也不知道窗戶開(kāi)著。
4．動(dòng)詞－ing形式與動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)的區(qū)別
(1)love, like, hate 等動(dòng)詞后可跟動(dòng)詞 ing形式和動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)。動(dòng)詞 ing形式通常表示習(xí)慣性、經(jīng)常性的動(dòng)作，動(dòng)詞不定式則表示一次性的、具體的動(dòng)作。
He likes swimming.
他喜歡游泳。
He doesn't like to go to swim this afternoon.
今天下午他不想去游泳。
(2)接動(dòng)詞 ing形式或動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)意義差別較大的動(dòng)詞及其結(jié)構(gòu)：
①forget to do sth 表示“忘記要去做某事”， forget doing sth表示“忘記做過(guò)某事”。
Don't forget to put the milk in the fridge before you leave home.
你離開(kāi)家之前別忘了把牛奶放進(jìn)冰箱里。
He forgot telling me what had happened.
他忘記他已經(jīng)告訴過(guò)我發(fā)生的事情。
②remember to do sth表示“記得要去做某事”，remember doing sth表示“記得做過(guò)某事”。
Remember to lock the door when you leave.
你離開(kāi)時(shí)要記得鎖門(mén)。
Do you remember seeing me before
你記得以前見(jiàn)過(guò)我嗎？
③try to do sth 表示“努力/試圖做某事”，try doing sth表示“試著做某事”。
You must try to be more careful.
你必須要多加小心。
He will try making a model ship.
他將試做一個(gè)模型船。
④mean to do sth 表示“打算做某事”，mean doing sth 表示“意味著做某事”。
I didn't mean to hurt you.
我并沒(méi)打算傷害你。
This new order will mean working overtime.
這份新訂單一來(lái)，就意味著要加班。
(3)need, want (需要), require (需要)后作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞 ing常用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義，這種情況下，也可用動(dòng)詞不定式的被動(dòng)式代替。
Your house needs repairing (＝to be repaired)．
你的房子需要修繕。
Your coat wants washing (＝to be washed).
你的外套該洗了。
　
(1)單句語(yǔ)法填空
①I(mǎi) first considered writing (write) to her but then decided to see her.
②He insisted on doing (do) it in his own way.
③I tried to__call (call) you but I couldn't get through.
④The glass of these windows needs cleaning/to__be__cleaned (clean)．
⑤That colour doesn't really suit you, if you don't mind my saying (say) so.
(2)翻譯
①我期待著您下一次的到來(lái)。
I'm__looking__forward__to__your__coming__next__time.
②他們停下工作，休息了一下。
They__stopped__working__and__had__a__rest.
③辦公室的燈還亮著，他忘記關(guān)了。
The__light__in__the__office__is__still__on__and__he__forgot__to__turn__it__off.
④他迅速離去以避免見(jiàn)到他母親。
He__made__a__quick__exit__to__avoid__meeting__his__mother.
⑤我認(rèn)為讀書(shū)不求甚解是沒(méi)用的。
I__think__it__useless__reading__without__understanding.
二、動(dòng)詞 ing形式作表語(yǔ)
1．動(dòng)名詞(短語(yǔ))作表語(yǔ)
作表語(yǔ)的動(dòng)名詞(短語(yǔ))所體現(xiàn)的是名詞的特性，用于對(duì)主語(yǔ)的內(nèi)容進(jìn)行解釋說(shuō)明，且可以轉(zhuǎn)換到句首作主語(yǔ)。
Her job is keeping the lecture hall as clean as possible.
＝Keeping the lecture hall as clean as possible is her job.
她的工作是盡可能使報(bào)告廳保持干凈。
What I am tired of is waiting here alone.
＝Waiting here alone is what I am tired of.
我厭煩獨(dú)自在這里等待。
2．現(xiàn)在分詞(短語(yǔ))作表語(yǔ)
作表語(yǔ)的現(xiàn)在分詞(短語(yǔ))是形容詞性的，表示主語(yǔ)的性質(zhì)或特征，常用來(lái)作表語(yǔ)的現(xiàn)在分詞有astonishing, amusing, puzzling, shocking, confusing, disappointing, boring, encouraging, inspiring, moving, tiring, interesting, surprising等，主語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)不可換位置。
The problem is quite puzzling.
這個(gè)問(wèn)題很令人困惑。
The result of the accident is shocking.
這一事故的后果令人震驚。
3．動(dòng)名詞(短語(yǔ))作表語(yǔ)與動(dòng)詞不定式(短語(yǔ))作表語(yǔ)的區(qū)別
動(dòng)名詞(短語(yǔ))作表語(yǔ)表示一般性的動(dòng)作；動(dòng)詞不定式(短語(yǔ))作表語(yǔ)表示一次具體的動(dòng)作或?qū)⒁l(fā)生的事。
Our job is building houses. (經(jīng)常性的一般行為)
我們的工作是蓋房子。
Our main task now is to build this house. (具體的某次行為)
我們現(xiàn)在的主要任務(wù)是蓋這間房子。
His wish is to become an artist.(將要發(fā)生的事)
他的愿望是成為一名藝術(shù)家。
　動(dòng)詞 ing形式作表語(yǔ)時(shí)，其邏輯主語(yǔ)往往是句子中的主語(yǔ)，但用作表語(yǔ)的 ing形式也可帶有自己的邏輯主語(yǔ)。 What worries me most is her staying up too late every night. (staying up too late every night的邏輯主語(yǔ)是her) 最讓我擔(dān)心的是她每晚都熬夜到太晚。
　
(1)單句語(yǔ)法填空
①His hobby is fishing (fish) in his spare time.
②Her performance is very entertaining (entertain), which brings us much pleasure.
③The music they are playing sounds so exciting (excite)．
④The most important thing now is to__find (find) a place to live in.
⑤His very last paintings are perhaps the most puzzling (puzzle).
(2)翻譯
①今天的報(bào)道讓人對(duì)經(jīng)濟(jì)更加喪失了信心。
Today's__report__is__rather__more__discouraging__for__the__economy.
②當(dāng)前局勢(shì)再度出現(xiàn)危險(xiǎn)。
The__current__situation__begins__to__look/be__threatening__again.
③她的夢(mèng)想是幫助研究人員找到治療她的疾病的方法。
Her__dream__is__to__help__researchers__find__a__method__for__her__disease.
④她最擔(dān)心的是我沒(méi)有錢(qián)。
What__worries__her__most__is__my__having__no__money.
⑤盒子上的使用說(shuō)明令人費(fèi)解。
The__instructions__on__the__box__are__very__confusing.
Ⅰ.根據(jù)語(yǔ)境及漢語(yǔ)提示完成句子
1．People often confuse me and my ________ (雙胞胎之一的) sister.
答案：twin
2．Doctors say he has made a(n) ________ (輕微的) improvement.
答案：slight
3．This ________ (沖突) reflects badly on everyone involved.
答案：incident
4．He adopted a relaxed ________ (姿勢(shì)) for the camera.
答案：pose
5．Many drugs were found by ________ (試驗(yàn)) and error.
答案：trial
Ⅱ.單句語(yǔ)法填空
1．As they're handmade, each one varies ________ (slight).
答案：slightly
2．You know I'm really interested in the first ________ (assess)．
答案：assessment
3．I regret ________ (spend) so much money on a car.
答案：spending
4．The plants that they found there were ________ (astonish)．
答案：astonishing
5．The student admitted ________ (be) careless in doing homework.
答案：being
6．A journey through the mountains is ________ (exhaust)．
答案：exhausting
7．When Sally learned about the truth, she couldn't help ________ (laugh).
答案：laughing
8．You can't expect ________ (learn) a foreign language in a few months.
答案：to learn
9．I think the plants here want________ (water) daily.
答案：watering/to be watered
10．Her job is ________ (check) letters of credit and terms of contract.
答案：checking
Ⅲ.選詞填空
nonverbal; pose; straighten up; internal; slump
1．____________ slowly, then repeat the exercise ten times.
答案：Straighten up
2．The doctor said the ____________ bleeding had been massive.
答案：internal
3．He ____________ down in his armchair and felt around for the newspaper.
答案：slumped
4．All the while you're reading your partner's ____________ signals, be aware of your own.
答案：nonverbal
5．Many tourists ____________ for photos while very close to the edge of the fall.
答案：pose
Ⅳ.完成句子
1．我最痛恨的就是被嘲笑。
What I hate most ______________________．
答案：is being laughed at
2．看了看表之后，他匆忙趕往火車(chē)站。
________________ his watch, he hurried to the station.
答案：After looking at
3．這里不允許大聲喧嘩，所以你應(yīng)該保持安靜。
We don't allow ________________， so you should keep quiet.
答案：making noise here
4．這條小溪突然向西彎曲。
The stream ________________ the west.
答案：bends suddenly to
5．他竟然缺席，使我感到吃驚。
____________________ that he should be absent.
答案：It was astonishing to me
課后課時(shí)作業(yè)
較易題(占比0%)　中檔題(占比100%)　拔高題(占比0%)
題號(hào) Ⅰ Ⅱ
A B
難度 ★★ ★★ ★★
Ⅰ　閱讀
A
Humans use words to talk to each other. But we also point, nod, and use our hands to show what we mean. We've been doing this for tens of thousands of years.
Apes (猿) have their own system of gestures to show what they mean. They use about 80 different gestures to show what they mean. For example, a gesture the researchers call “big loud scratch” means “help pick insects off of me”．
Scientists have learned the meanings of these gestures by studying chimpanzees and bonobos (two kinds of apes) for years. Though the two groups of apes use different signs in a few cases, they share over 90% of the same gestures.
The researchers created a game for people to play online. The game was simple. People watched short videos of apes making a gesture. Then they had to choose the correct meaning of the gesture out of four possible answers. For the videos, the researchers chose 10 of the most common gestures used by chimpanzees and bonobos. Thousands of people played the game.
The researchers were surprised to find that people were able to choose the correct meaning of the gestures over 50% of the time. That's twice as good as people would be expected to do by chance. For some of the gestures, people were able to choose the correct meaning about 80% of the time. One example of this was the gesture of wiping the mouth, which people correctly guessed meant “give me that food”．
The scientists believe that humans may have a natural ability to understand the gestures of apes. But it's not clear why. Humans and other apes all developed from an earlier kind of ape that lived long ago. One possibility is that the body language of these gestures has been passed down from this shared ancestor. The researchers say that they need to study how humans are able to understand the gestures of apes. They're also curious about how humans understand other animals, like dogs.
篇章導(dǎo)讀：本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。科學(xué)家們發(fā)現(xiàn)人類能夠理解大部分類人猿的動(dòng)作手勢(shì)，但原因尚待繼續(xù)研究。
1．What does the underlined word “gestures” in Paragraph 2 mean
A．Defence. B．Thoughts.
C．Knowledge. D．Movements.
答案：D
解析：詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)畫(huà)線詞下文“They use about ... means ‘help pick insects off of me’．(它們用大約80種不同的手勢(shì)來(lái)表達(dá)它們的意思。例如，一個(gè)被研究人員稱為‘大聲抓’的手勢(shì)意味著‘幫我把昆蟲(chóng)從我身上抓下來(lái)’。)”可知，猿通過(guò)身體的動(dòng)作來(lái)表達(dá)它們的意思，由此可推知，畫(huà)線詞gestures的意思是“身體的動(dòng)作和手勢(shì)”。故選D。
2．What were people asked to do in this study
A．Answer questions about apes.
B．Watch videos and choose answers.
C．Teach apes to make body movements.
D．Communicate with two kinds of apes.
答案：B
解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中的“People watched short videos ... out of four possible answers.(人們觀看了猩猩做手勢(shì)的短視頻。然后，他們必須從四個(gè)可能的答案中選擇正確的手勢(shì)含義。)”可知，在這個(gè)研究中，人們被要求觀看視頻并選擇答案。故選B。
3．What will scientists do in the future according to the last paragraph
A．Study how humans understand animals.
B．Find out effective ways to protect apes.
C．Help people to better understand animals.
D．Figure out what humans and apes have in common.
答案：A
解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“The researchers say that they ... about how humans understand other animals, like dogs.(研究者說(shuō)他們需要研究人類是如何能夠理解猿的手勢(shì)的。他們也很好奇人類是如何理解其他動(dòng)物的，比如狗。)”可推知，科學(xué)家們對(duì)人類理解動(dòng)物的能力感到好奇，將來(lái)很可能做這方面的研究。故選A。
4．What can be the best title of this text
A．Humans and Apes Share an Ancestor
B．Apes Have Well developed Language
C．Humans Can Understand Apes' Signals
D．Apes Can Communicate Freely With Humans
答案：C
解析：標(biāo)題判斷題。通讀全文，尤其根據(jù)最后一段中的“The scientists believe that ... it's not clear why.(科學(xué)家們認(rèn)為，人類可能天生就有理解猿類手勢(shì)的能力。但原因尚不清楚。)”可知，本文主要講述了人類可以基本理解猿的肢體行為，但目前尚不知其原因。C項(xiàng)(人類可以理解猿類的信號(hào))最適合作為文章標(biāo)題。故選C。
B
People often use body language to decode (解讀) lying. People may say one thing and be signaling another, so body language is a useful way to find out the truth. One of the ways to show someone is lying is blinking: The idea is that blinking faster indicates a potential lie.
So, is blink rate a reliable indicator of how likely the person is to be telling the truth What does the research show
Researchers studied competitors on a TV quiz show. The research demonstrates beautifully the danger in identifying specific physical responses as “tells” of a particular thought or intention. First of all, people do blink faster under stress. But that simply indicates a stress response, not a declaration (聲明) of the intention behind the stress. Moreover，
it turns out that blinking also slows when you are thinking hard and can speed up when you are signaling that you are hearing a question or getting ready to give an answer.
In this way, blinking is like so many other individual bits of body language: It is multi－determined. We may cross our arms because we're defensive or because we're tired, cold, or ready to quit.
But in more familiar relationships in the workplace or beyond, most humans are reasonably good at reading the signals of people whom they know well－long－time colleagues, friends, family, especially when they are moved by a strong emotion. For example, when your husband runs into the house excited about a raise, you can pick up that something good is going on. That's because you know how that person normally acts, and thus spotting a change from the norm is relatively easy and reliable.
Rather than trying to make a list of tells, seek to understand people in your world by paying attention to both what they say and how they say it. Over time, you can become a reliable reader of the body language of the people you live and work with.
篇章導(dǎo)讀：本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要探討了如何有效地解讀肢體語(yǔ)言，并指出了其局限性。
5．What is the purpose of the research
A．To illustrate why people see body language as “tells”．
B．To present the relation between blinking and telling lies.
C．To figure out under what circumstances people blink faster.
D．To prove whether a certain physical response can clearly indicate someone's intention.
答案：D
解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中的“The research demonstrates ... thought or intention.(研究結(jié)果很好地說(shuō)明了將特定的身體反應(yīng)視為某種思想或意圖的‘預(yù)兆'的危險(xiǎn)性。)”可推知，研究的目的是證明某種身體反應(yīng)是否能清楚地表明某人的意圖。故選D。
6．What does the underlined word in Paragraph 4 mean
A．Hard to predict.
B．Difficult to make sense.
C．Caused by many reasons.
D．Easy to be influenced by surroundings.
答案：C
解析：詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第四段“In this way ... or ready to quit. (因此，眨眼就像許多其他肢體語(yǔ)言一樣：它由多種因素決定。我們交叉雙臂可能是因?yàn)榉佬l(wèi)，也可能是因?yàn)槠v、寒冷或準(zhǔn)備放棄。)”可知，眨眼是由多種原因引起的。multi determined意為“由多種原因引起”。故選C。
7．What does the example in the last but one paragraph show
A．People tend to be moved by their family.
B．Body language can be interpreted easily in close relations.
C．Reading body language doesn't work in unfamiliar relationships.
D．Emotional change is the foundation of understanding body language.
答案：B
解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的“But in more familiar relationships ... a strong emotion. (但在工作場(chǎng)所或其他更熟悉的關(guān)系中，大多數(shù)人都相當(dāng)善于解讀他們熟悉的人——長(zhǎng)期的同事、朋友、家人——發(fā)出的信號(hào)，尤其是當(dāng)他們被一種強(qiáng)烈的情感所感動(dòng)的時(shí)候。)”可推知，這個(gè)例子展示了在親密關(guān)系中，人們更容易解讀肢體語(yǔ)言。故選B。
8．What would be the best title for the text
A．How to Read Body Language Reliably
B．How to Tell a Lie through Body Language
C．The Misunderstanding on Mastering Body Language
D．Why Cannot Body Language Reflect a Person's Real Intention
答案：A
解析：標(biāo)題判斷題。通讀全文可知，本文主要討論了如何通過(guò)注意人們說(shuō)話的內(nèi)容和方式來(lái)可靠地解讀肢體語(yǔ)言，A項(xiàng)(如何可靠地解讀肢體語(yǔ)言)最適合作為文章標(biāo)題。故選A。
Ⅱ　語(yǔ)法填空
As you walk into the Shandong Arts and Crafts Exhibition Center, you are greeted by a magnificent sight: a larger than life rabbit. Its face is decorated with __1__ artistically painted Chinese character, quan, and the cloud beneath it features the landscape of Baotu Spring, one of the most famous scenic __2__ (spot) in Jinan.
The __3__ (create) of the rabbit figure is 52 year old Yang Feng, a local craftsman. __4__ (lie) on the second floor of the exhibition center is his studio, __5__ he displays his works, in different designs and sizes.
In 2004, Yang noticed a competition was being held __6__ (develop) a souvenir (紀(jì)念品) for Jinan which needed to represent local culture. Yang thought that the rabbit god fit all the requirements and it took __7__ (he) a whole month to make one.
His winning top prize at the competition encouraged him to quit his job __8__ a designer and devote himself to making statues of the rabbit god. Yang said, “For me, crafting the rabbit is not just a job, __9__ a lifelong career that I will stick with. I hope my creations can remind tourists of the old and happy times. What is even __10__ (important), they can get to know Jinan's history and culture and fall in love with the city.”
1．________　2.________　3.________　4.________
5．________　6.________　7.________　8.________
9．________　10.________
篇章導(dǎo)讀：本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述了山東工匠楊峰制作兔子雕像來(lái)展示濟(jì)南的歷史和文化。
1．答案：an
解析：考查冠詞。character為可數(shù)名詞。此處泛指一個(gè)藝術(shù)繪制的漢字，應(yīng)用不定冠詞，且artistically的發(fā)音以元音音素開(kāi)頭。故填an。
2．答案：spots
解析：考查名詞。one of后接可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)，設(shè)空處需使用spot的復(fù)數(shù)spots。故填spots。
3．答案：creator
解析：考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。句意：這只兔子的創(chuàng)作者是52歲的當(dāng)?shù)毓そ硹罘濉ＴO(shè)空處應(yīng)用名詞creator在句中作主語(yǔ)，此處表示單數(shù)含義。故填creator。
4．答案：Lying
解析：考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：展覽中心的二樓是他的工作室，他在這里展示不同設(shè)計(jì)和大小的作品。該句是完全倒裝句，原句為：his studio is lying on the second floor of the exhibition center，設(shè)空處應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在分詞，句首單詞首字母應(yīng)大寫(xiě)。故填Lying。
5．答案：where
解析：考查定語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞。設(shè)空處引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，先行詞是his studio，關(guān)系詞在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)，應(yīng)用關(guān)系副詞where引導(dǎo)。故填where。
6．答案：to develop
解析：考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：2004年，楊峰注意到一場(chǎng)為濟(jì)南設(shè)計(jì)代表當(dāng)?shù)匚幕募o(jì)念品的比賽。設(shè)空處應(yīng)用不定式在句中作目的狀語(yǔ)。故填to develop。
7．答案：him
解析：考查代詞。句意：楊峰認(rèn)為兔神符合所有的要求，他花了整整一個(gè)月的時(shí)間制作了一個(gè)。設(shè)空處在句中作賓語(yǔ)，應(yīng)用人稱代詞的賓格形式。故填him。
8．答案：as
解析：考查介詞。句意：他在比賽中獲得了最高獎(jiǎng)，這促使他辭去了設(shè)計(jì)師的工作，全身心地投入到制作兔神的雕像中。設(shè)空處表示“作為”，應(yīng)用介詞as。故填as。
9．答案：but
解析：考查連詞。句意：對(duì)我來(lái)說(shuō)，制作兔子不僅僅是一份工作，而是我會(huì)堅(jiān)持下去的終身事業(yè)。此處是固定搭配not just ... but ...，意為“不僅……而且……”。故填but。
10．答案：more important
解析：考查形容詞的比較級(jí)。句意：更重要的是，他們可以了解濟(jì)南的歷史和文化，并愛(ài)上這座城市。根據(jù)句意可知，此處含有比較意義，設(shè)空處應(yīng)用形容詞的比較級(jí)。故填more important。
　精深閱讀
As well as their meowing (喵喵叫), cats rely very strongly on body language to communicate, both with other cats and with humans. Some behaviors are obvious and easy to read, while others can be more subtle．
One of the most obvious behaviors cats have is when they weave (穿行) themselves between your legs. When they do this, they are of course both leaving their smell on you, and letting you know that they consider you “one of the family” and love you. Similarly, when your cat jumps up onto a high place so that he is at hand or eye level with you, he is letting you know that he wants to be touched and to rub against you.
When your cat climbs into your lap while you are sitting (or sleeping) and starts to knead (撫弄) you with his paws, it might be an uncomfortable feeling but your cat is letting you know that he is comfortable and feels protected with you.
Another easily－recognized behavior in cats is when their ears are flat against their head, their fur is standing up straight and/or their back is arched (成弓形). This of course means that your cat is feeling threatened in some way and just wants to protect itself. However, if your cat stands sideways with his fur on end, with its tail raised, it means that he feels very fearful. This behavior is usually seen when there is another strange cat around. And if your cat is feeling nervous, insecure or unwell, he will usually hide under a table, chair or in or behind some other small objects or boxes.
Cats are social animals and like to communicate with their owners and other cats whenever they can, using a mixture of body language and meowing. It does not take long at all for a cat owner to learn what his cat is trying to tell him, and once he does, the relationship between him and his cat can only improve.
篇章導(dǎo)讀：本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章介紹了貓的肢體語(yǔ)言，了解和學(xué)習(xí)這些肢體語(yǔ)言有助于我們更好地和它們相處。
1．The underlined word “subtle” in Paragraph 1 probably means “________”．
A．meaningful B．wonderful
C．unclear D．surprising
答案：C
解析：詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)畫(huà)線詞所在句“Some behaviors ... more subtle．(有些行為很明顯，很容易理解，而另一些行為則比較不那么明顯。)”可推知，畫(huà)線詞意為“不明顯的”。故選C。
2．A cat may show its love to you by ________．
A．getting close to you
B．jumping onto a higher place
C．meowing continually to you
D．standing face to face with you
答案：A
解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中的“One of the most obvious ... and love you.”可推知，貓通常通過(guò)靠近人來(lái)表達(dá)它的愛(ài)。故選A。
3．If you want to get along well with your cat, you should ________．
A．hug it as often as possible
B．try to keep it out of any danger
C．stay with it as long as possible
D．learn to communicate with it well
答案：D
解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“It does ... only improve.(不需要很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間貓主人就能知道貓想告訴他什么，一旦他知道了，他和貓之間的關(guān)系只會(huì)改善。)”可知，要想和貓相處得好，你就要學(xué)會(huì)和它們進(jìn)行良好的交流。故選D。
4．From the passage we can infer that the author ________．
A．is managing a cat care center
B．is raising a lot of animals at home
C．is always ready to help other people
D．is good at reading cats' body language
答案：D
解析：推理判斷題。通讀全文可知，本文詳細(xì)地介紹了貓的肢體語(yǔ)言，由此可推知，作者善于解讀貓的肢體語(yǔ)言。故選D。
(一)學(xué)習(xí)重點(diǎn)詞匯
1．rely(第一段)
2．uncomfortable(第三段)
uncomfortable adj. 不舒服的；令人不舒適的→comfortable adj. 舒服的；舒適的→comfort v. 安慰；撫慰
3．threatened(第四段)
(二)不看原文，請(qǐng)嘗試將圖中內(nèi)容補(bǔ)充完整
(三)翻譯并背誦佳句
Cats are social animals and like to communicate with their owners and other cats whenever they can, using a mixture of body language and meowing.
貓是群居動(dòng)物，只要有機(jī)會(huì)，它們就喜歡用肢體語(yǔ)言和喵喵聲與主人和其他貓交流。
21(共80張PPT)
WELCOME UNIT
UNIT 4　BODY LANGUAGE
Section Ⅱ 　 Learning About Language
課前預(yù)習(xí)　效果檢測(cè)
合作探究　精研重點(diǎn)
目錄
CONTENTS
1
2
學(xué)習(xí)效果　當(dāng)堂鞏固
3
課后課時(shí)作業(yè)
４
課前預(yù)習(xí)　效果檢測(cè)
一　閱讀單詞(3個(gè))
寫(xiě)出英語(yǔ)單詞
1．________ adj. 雙胞胎之一的；孿生之一的
n. 孿生之一；雙胞胎之一
2．____________ adj. 不涉及言語(yǔ)的；非言語(yǔ)的
3．________ vi. 垂頭彎腰地走(或坐等)
twin
nonverbal
slump
二　核心單詞(5個(gè))
A．寫(xiě)出英語(yǔ)單詞
1．________ n. 發(fā)生的事情；嚴(yán)重事件；沖突
2．________ n．& v. 審訊；審判；試驗(yàn)；試用
3．________ adj. 內(nèi)部的；里面的
4．________ n. 故作姿態(tài)；(為畫(huà)像、拍照等擺的)姿勢(shì)　vi. 擺好姿勢(shì)　vt. 造成(威脅、問(wèn)題等)
5．________ vt.& vi. (使)彎曲；傾斜；偏向
incident
trial
internal
pose
bend
B．用上面的單詞填空，使句意完整
1．(中國(guó)日?qǐng)?bào))The experience wasn't very comfortable because the knee didn't ________， and it took Sun time to go up and down stairs.
2．(牛津高階)Everyone has a right to a fair ________．
3．(劍橋高階)We all ________ for our photographs next to the Statue of Liberty.
4．(劍橋高階)A youth was seriously injured in a shooting ________ on Saturday night.
bend
trial
posed
incident
三　拓展單詞(2個(gè))
A．寫(xiě)出英語(yǔ)單詞，并嘗試寫(xiě)出其詞性轉(zhuǎn)換(可查字典)
1．________ adj. 輕微的；略微的；細(xì)小的→________ adv. 略微；稍微
2．________ vt. 評(píng)估；評(píng)價(jià)→____________ n. 評(píng)價(jià)；評(píng)定
B．用上面的單詞填空，使句意完整
1．(朗文當(dāng)代)The technique is being tried in classrooms to ________ what effects it may have.
2．(柯林斯詞典)His family then moved to a ________ larger house.
slight
slightly
assess
assessment
assess
slightly
四　重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ)(1個(gè))
A．寫(xiě)出英語(yǔ)短語(yǔ)
____________ 直起來(lái)；整理；收拾整齊
B．翻譯
(柯林斯詞典)This is my job, to straighten up, to file things.
____________________________________________________________________
straighten up
這就是我的工作，整理東西，把東西歸檔。
合作探究　精研重點(diǎn)
1 incident n. 發(fā)生的事情；嚴(yán)重事件；沖突(教材P40)
歸納
助記
①(2023·浙江高考1月)During the cookout, I told my hosts about the hummingbird incident.
野餐期間，我把蜂鳥(niǎo)事件告訴了我的主人。
②(牛津高階)The traffic took a long time to clear after the accident.
事故過(guò)去后很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間交通才恢復(fù)暢通。
③(2024·新課標(biāo)Ⅱ卷)She explains we are at a “tipping point” in history and must act now to prevent an extinction－level event for humanity.
她解釋說(shuō)，我們正處于歷史的 “臨界點(diǎn)”，必須立即采取行動(dòng)，防止人類發(fā)生滅絕級(jí)別的事件。
【運(yùn)用】選詞填空(incident/accident/event)
①Over 70，000 people are killed or seriously injured every year in road ________．
②This year's Olympic Games must be the biggest ever sporting ________．
③The ________ brought the problem of violence in schools into sharp focus.
【輸出】翻譯
④It's not clear whether the incident was an accident or deliberate.
__________________________________________________________________
accidents
event
incident
還不清楚這起事件是意外還是蓄意所為。
2 assessment n. 評(píng)價(jià)；評(píng)定(教材P40)
歸納
助記
①(柯林斯詞典)There is little assessment of the damage to the natural environment.
幾乎沒(méi)有有關(guān)自然環(huán)境破壞的評(píng)估。
②(劍橋高階)They assessed the cost of the flood damage at ￡1，500.
他們估計(jì)洪水造成的損失為1，500英鎊。
③(牛津高階)The young men were assessed as either safe or unsafe drivers.
這些年輕人被評(píng)定為謹(jǐn)慎駕駛員或不謹(jǐn)慎駕駛員兩類。
【運(yùn)用】單句語(yǔ)法填空
①M(fèi)any of the adults were assessed ________ having learning difficulties.
②Damage to the building was assessed ________ $200，000.
③What's your assessment ________ her chances of winning
【輸出】翻譯
④First, we must make an assessment of their achievements that they have made.
__________________________________________________________________
as
at
of
首先，我們必須評(píng)估他們所取得的成就。
3 pose n. 故作姿態(tài)；(為畫(huà)像、拍照等擺的)姿勢(shì)　vi. 擺好姿勢(shì)　vt. 造成(威脅、問(wèn)題等)(教材P40)
歸納
助記
①(朗文當(dāng)代)Ann struck a pose and smiled for the camera.
安擺了個(gè)姿勢(shì)，對(duì)著鏡頭笑了笑。
②(柯林斯詞典)The team posed as drug dealers to trap the ringleaders.
該專案組成員們假扮毒品販子來(lái)誘捕犯罪頭目。
③(牛津高階)The delegates posed for a group photograph.
代表們擺好姿勢(shì)準(zhǔn)備拍集體照。
【運(yùn)用】單句語(yǔ)法填空
①After the wedding we all posed ________ a photograph.
②They entered the building posing ________ workmen.
【輸出】翻譯
③This could pose a threat to jobs in the manufacturing industry.
__________________________________________________________________
for
as
這可能會(huì)給制造業(yè)的就業(yè)造成威脅。
4 bend vt.& vi. (使)彎曲；傾斜；偏向(教材P41)
歸納
助記
①(柯林斯詞典)They walked in a crouch, each bent over close to the ground.
他們蹲伏著行走，一個(gè)個(gè)彎著腰快要貼著地面了。
②(朗文當(dāng)代)I bent down to lift the box off the floor.
我彎下腰把箱子抬離地板。
③(劍橋高階)The road bends to the left after the first set of traffic lights.
道路在第一組紅綠燈后向左轉(zhuǎn)彎。
【運(yùn)用】單句語(yǔ)法填空
①The man bent ________ to kiss the child.
②The local council was forced to bend ________ public pressure.
【輸出】翻譯
③He bent over and picked up a sliver coin.
__________________________________________________________________
down
to
他彎腰拾起一枚銀幣。
動(dòng)詞 ing形式作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，可位于動(dòng)詞之后，也可位于介詞之后，此處重點(diǎn)講動(dòng)詞 ing形式作動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)。
1．a(chǎn)dmit, avoid, consider, enjoy, escape, finish, imagine, mind, miss, practise, suggest, delay, appreciate等動(dòng)詞之后要用動(dòng)詞 ing形式作賓語(yǔ)，而不用動(dòng)詞不定式。
He admitted cheating in the exam.
他承認(rèn)在考試中作弊了。
I couldn't avoid making mistakes whenever I started to speak English.
每當(dāng)我開(kāi)始說(shuō)英語(yǔ)我就無(wú)法避免出錯(cuò)。
I often practise speaking English.
我經(jīng)常練習(xí)說(shuō)英語(yǔ)。
一、動(dòng)詞 ing形式作賓語(yǔ)
2．feel like, give up, put off, look forward to, can't help，can't stand等之后一般用動(dòng)詞 ing形式作賓語(yǔ)，而不用動(dòng)詞不定式。
It's great to be here with these friends and do what we feel like doing.
和這些朋友們?cè)谝黄鸩⑶易鲎约合胱龅氖碌母杏X(jué)真的很好。
He couldn't help crying when he heard the news.
當(dāng)聽(tīng)到這個(gè)消息時(shí)，他忍不住哭了。
3．動(dòng)詞 ing形式作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)也可有自身的邏輯主語(yǔ)。
“邏輯主語(yǔ)＋動(dòng)詞 ing”是動(dòng)詞 ing形式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)，動(dòng)詞 ing形式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，邏輯主語(yǔ)的常見(jiàn)形式：
(1)邏輯主語(yǔ)有生命時(shí)：名詞所有格、名詞原形、形容詞性物主代詞、人稱代詞賓格
I am astonished at Mary/Mary's suddenly becoming rich.
我對(duì)瑪麗的暴富感到驚奇。
Would you mind my/me using your cell phone
你介意我用你的手機(jī)嗎？
(2)邏輯主語(yǔ)無(wú)生命時(shí)：原形
I knew nothing about the window being open.
我一點(diǎn)兒也不知道窗戶開(kāi)著。
4．動(dòng)詞－ing形式與動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)的區(qū)別
(1)love, like, hate 等動(dòng)詞后可跟動(dòng)詞 ing形式和動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)。動(dòng)詞 ing形式通常表示習(xí)慣性、經(jīng)常性的動(dòng)作，動(dòng)詞不定式則表示一次性的、具體的動(dòng)作。
He likes swimming.
他喜歡游泳。
He doesn't like to go to swim this afternoon.
今天下午他不想去游泳。
(2)接動(dòng)詞 ing形式或動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)意義差別較大的動(dòng)詞及其結(jié)構(gòu)：
①forget to do sth 表示“忘記要去做某事”， forget doing sth表示“忘記做過(guò)某事”。
Don't forget to put the milk in the fridge before you leave home.
你離開(kāi)家之前別忘了把牛奶放進(jìn)冰箱里。
He forgot telling me what had happened.
他忘記他已經(jīng)告訴過(guò)我發(fā)生的事情。
②remember to do sth表示“記得要去做某事”，remember doing sth表示“記得做過(guò)某事”。
Remember to lock the door when you leave.
你離開(kāi)時(shí)要記得鎖門(mén)。
Do you remember seeing me before
你記得以前見(jiàn)過(guò)我嗎？
③try to do sth 表示“努力/試圖做某事”，try doing sth表示“試著做某事”。
You must try to be more careful.
你必須要多加小心。
He will try making a model ship.
他將試做一個(gè)模型船。
④mean to do sth 表示“打算做某事”，mean doing sth 表示“意味著做某事”。
I didn't mean to hurt you.
我并沒(méi)打算傷害你。
This new order will mean working overtime.
這份新訂單一來(lái)，就意味著要加班。
(3)need, want (需要), require (需要)后作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞 ing常用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義，這種情況下，也可用動(dòng)詞不定式的被動(dòng)式代替。
Your house needs repairing (＝to be repaired)．
你的房子需要修繕。
Your coat wants washing (＝to be washed).
你的外套該洗了。
(1)單句語(yǔ)法填空
①I(mǎi) first considered ________ (write) to her but then decided to see her.
②He insisted on ________ (do) it in his own way.
③I tried ________ (call) you but I couldn't get through.
④The glass of these windows needs ____________________ (clean)．
⑤That colour doesn't really suit you, if you don't mind my ________ (say) so.
writing
doing
to call
cleaning/to be cleaned
saying
(2)翻譯
①我期待著您下一次的到來(lái)。
__________________________________________________________________
②他們停下工作，休息了一下。
__________________________________________________________________
③辦公室的燈還亮著，他忘記關(guān)了。
__________________________________________________________________
④他迅速離去以避免見(jiàn)到他母親。
__________________________________________________________________
⑤我認(rèn)為讀書(shū)不求甚解是沒(méi)用的。
__________________________________________________________________
I'm looking forward to your coming next time.
They stopped working and had a rest.　
The light in the office is still on and he forgot to turn it off.
He made a quick exit to avoid meeting his mother.
I think it useless reading without understanding.
1．動(dòng)名詞(短語(yǔ))作表語(yǔ)
作表語(yǔ)的動(dòng)名詞(短語(yǔ))所體現(xiàn)的是名詞的特性，用于對(duì)主語(yǔ)的內(nèi)容進(jìn)行解釋說(shuō)明，且可以轉(zhuǎn)換到句首作主語(yǔ)。
Her job is keeping the lecture hall as clean as possible.
＝Keeping the lecture hall as clean as possible is her job.
她的工作是盡可能使報(bào)告廳保持干凈。
What I am tired of is waiting here alone.
＝Waiting here alone is what I am tired of.
我厭煩獨(dú)自在這里等待。
二、動(dòng)詞 ing形式作表語(yǔ)
2．現(xiàn)在分詞(短語(yǔ))作表語(yǔ)
作表語(yǔ)的現(xiàn)在分詞(短語(yǔ))是形容詞性的，表示主語(yǔ)的性質(zhì)或特征，常用來(lái)作表語(yǔ)的現(xiàn)在分詞有astonishing, amusing, puzzling, shocking, confusing, disappointing, boring, encouraging, inspiring, moving, tiring, interesting, surprising等，主語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)不可換位置。
The problem is quite puzzling.
這個(gè)問(wèn)題很令人困惑。
The result of the accident is shocking.
這一事故的后果令人震驚。
3．動(dòng)名詞(短語(yǔ))作表語(yǔ)與動(dòng)詞不定式(短語(yǔ))作表語(yǔ)的區(qū)別
動(dòng)名詞(短語(yǔ))作表語(yǔ)表示一般性的動(dòng)作；動(dòng)詞不定式(短語(yǔ))作表語(yǔ)表示一次具體的動(dòng)作或?qū)⒁l(fā)生的事。
Our job is building houses. (經(jīng)常性的一般行為)
我們的工作是蓋房子。
Our main task now is to build this house. (具體的某次行為)
我們現(xiàn)在的主要任務(wù)是蓋這間房子。
His wish is to become an artist.(將要發(fā)生的事)
他的愿望是成為一名藝術(shù)家。
動(dòng)詞 ing形式作表語(yǔ)時(shí)，其邏輯主語(yǔ)往往是句子中的主語(yǔ)，但用作表語(yǔ)的 ing形式也可帶有自己的邏輯主語(yǔ)。
What worries me most is her staying up too late every night. (staying up too late every night的邏輯主語(yǔ)是her)
最讓我擔(dān)心的是她每晚都熬夜到太晚。
(1)單句語(yǔ)法填空
①His hobby is ________ (fish) in his spare time.
②Her performance is very ___________ (entertain), which brings us much pleasure.
③The music they are playing sounds so ________ (excite)．
④The most important thing now is ________ (find) a place to live in.
⑤His very last paintings are perhaps the most ________ (puzzle).
fishing
entertaining
exciting
to find
puzzling
(2)翻譯
①今天的報(bào)道讓人對(duì)經(jīng)濟(jì)更加喪失了信心。
____________________________________________________________________
②當(dāng)前局勢(shì)再度出現(xiàn)危險(xiǎn)。
____________________________________________________________________
③她的夢(mèng)想是幫助研究人員找到治療她的疾病的方法。
____________________________________________________________________
④她最擔(dān)心的是我沒(méi)有錢(qián)。
____________________________________________________________________
⑤盒子上的使用說(shuō)明令人費(fèi)解。
____________________________________________________________________
Today's report is rather more discouraging for the economy.
The current situation begins to look/be threatening again.
Her dream is to help researchers find a method for her disease.
What worries her most is my having no money.
The instructions on the box are very confusing.
學(xué)習(xí)效果　當(dāng)堂鞏固
Ⅰ.根據(jù)語(yǔ)境及漢語(yǔ)提示完成句子
1．People often confuse me and my ________ (雙胞胎之一的) sister.
2．Doctors say he has made a(n) ________ (輕微的) improvement.
3．This ________ (沖突) reflects badly on everyone involved.
4．He adopted a relaxed ________ (姿勢(shì)) for the camera.
5．Many drugs were found by ________ (試驗(yàn)) and error.
twin
slight
incident
pose
trial
Ⅱ.單句語(yǔ)法填空
1．As they're handmade, each one varies ________ (slight).
2．You know I'm really interested in the first ___________ (assess)．
3．I regret ________ (spend) so much money on a car.
4．The plants that they found there were ____________ (astonish)．
5．The student admitted ________ (be) careless in doing homework.
slightly
assessment
spending
astonishing
being
6．A journey through the mountains is ____________ (exhaust)．
7．When Sally learned about the truth, she couldn't help ________ (laugh).
8．You can't expect ________ (learn) a foreign language in a few months.
9．I think the plants here want_______________________ (water) daily.
10．Her job is ________ (check) letters of credit and terms of contract.
exhausting
laughing
to learn
watering/to be watered
checking
nonverbal; pose; straighten up; internal; slump
Ⅲ.選詞填空
1．____________ slowly, then repeat the exercise ten times.
2．The doctor said the ____________ bleeding had been massive.
3．He ____________ down in his armchair and felt around for the newspaper.
4．All the while you're reading your partner's ____________ signals, be aware of your own.
5．Many tourists ____________ for photos while very close to the edge of the fall.
Straighten up
internal
slumped
nonverbal
pose
Ⅳ.完成句子
1．我最痛恨的就是被嘲笑。
What I hate most ______________________．
2．看了看表之后，他匆忙趕往火車(chē)站。
________________ his watch, he hurried to the station.
3．這里不允許大聲喧嘩，所以你應(yīng)該保持安靜。
We don't allow ________________， so you should keep quiet.
4．這條小溪突然向西彎曲。
The stream ________________ the west.
5．他竟然缺席，使我感到吃驚。
________________________ that he should be absent.
is being laughed at
After looking at
making noise here
bends suddenly to
It was astonishing to me
課后課時(shí)作業(yè)
較易題(占比0%)　中檔題(占比100%)　拔高題(占比0%)
Ⅰ　閱讀
A
Humans use words to talk to each other. But we also point, nod, and use our hands to show what we mean. We've been doing this for tens of thousands of years.
題號(hào) Ⅰ Ⅱ
A B 難度 ★★ ★★ ★★
Apes (猿) have their own system of gestures to show what they mean. They use about 80 different gestures to show what they mean. For example, a gesture the researchers call “big loud scratch” means “help pick insects off of me”．
Scientists have learned the meanings of these gestures by studying chimpanzees and bonobos (two kinds of apes) for years. Though the two groups of apes use different signs in a few cases, they share over 90% of the same gestures.
The researchers created a game for people to play online. The game was simple. People watched short videos of apes making a gesture. Then they had to choose the correct meaning of the gesture out of four possible answers. For the videos, the researchers chose 10 of the most common gestures used by chimpanzees and bonobos. Thousands of people played the game.
The researchers were surprised to find that people were able to choose the correct meaning of the gestures over 50% of the time. That's twice as good as people would be expected to do by chance. For some of the gestures, people were able to choose the correct meaning about 80% of the time. One example of this was the gesture of wiping the mouth, which people correctly guessed meant “give me that food”．
篇章導(dǎo)讀：本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。科學(xué)家們發(fā)現(xiàn)人類能夠理解大部分類人猿的動(dòng)作手勢(shì)，但原因尚待繼續(xù)研究。
The scientists believe that humans may have a natural ability to understand the gestures of apes. But it's not clear why. Humans and other apes all developed from an earlier kind of ape that lived long ago. One possibility is that the body language of these gestures has been passed down from this shared ancestor. The researchers say that they need to study how humans are able to understand the gestures of apes. They're also curious about how humans understand other animals, like dogs.
1．What does the underlined word “gestures” in Paragraph 2 mean
A．Defence. B．Thoughts.
C．Knowledge. D．Movements.
解析：詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)畫(huà)線詞下文“They use about ... means ‘help pick insects off of me’．(它們用大約80種不同的手勢(shì)來(lái)表達(dá)它們的意思。例如，一個(gè)被研究人員稱為‘大聲抓’的手勢(shì)意味著‘幫我把昆蟲(chóng)從我身上抓下來(lái)’。)”可知，猿通過(guò)身體的動(dòng)作來(lái)表達(dá)它們的意思，由此可推知，畫(huà)線詞gestures的意思是“身體的動(dòng)作和手勢(shì)”。故選D。
2．What were people asked to do in this study
A．Answer questions about apes.
B．Watch videos and choose answers.
C．Teach apes to make body movements.
D．Communicate with two kinds of apes.
解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中的“People watched short videos ... out of four possible answers.(人們觀看了猩猩做手勢(shì)的短視頻。然后，他們必須從四個(gè)可能的答案中選擇正確的手勢(shì)含義。)”可知，在這個(gè)研究中，人們被要求觀看視頻并選擇答案。故選B。
3．What will scientists do in the future according to the last paragraph
A．Study how humans understand animals.
B．Find out effective ways to protect apes.
C．Help people to better understand animals.
D．Figure out what humans and apes have in common.
解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“The researchers say that they ... about how humans understand other animals, like dogs.(研究者說(shuō)他們需要研究人類是如何能夠理解猿的手勢(shì)的。他們也很好奇人類是如何理解其他動(dòng)物的，比如狗。)”可推知，科學(xué)家們對(duì)人類理解動(dòng)物的能力感到好奇，將來(lái)很可能做這方面的研究。故選A。
4．What can be the best title of this text
A．Humans and Apes Share an Ancestor
B．Apes Have Well developed Language
C．Humans Can Understand Apes' Signals
D．Apes Can Communicate Freely With Humans
解析：標(biāo)題判斷題。通讀全文，尤其根據(jù)最后一段中的“The scientists believe that ... it's not clear why.(科學(xué)家們認(rèn)為，人類可能天生就有理解猿類手勢(shì)的能力。但原因尚不清楚。)”可知，本文主要講述了人類可以基本理解猿的肢體行為，但目前尚不知其原因。C項(xiàng)(人類可以理解猿類的信號(hào))最適合作為文章標(biāo)題。故選C。
B
People often use body language to decode (解讀) lying. People may say one thing and be signaling another, so body language is a useful way to find out the truth. One of the ways to show someone is lying is blinking: The idea is that blinking faster indicates a potential lie.
So, is blink rate a reliable indicator of how likely the person is to be telling the truth What does the research show
Researchers studied competitors on a TV quiz show. The research demonstrates beautifully the danger in identifying specific physical responses as “tells” of a particular thought or intention. First of all, people do blink faster under stress. But that simply indicates a stress response, not a declaration (聲明) of the intention behind the stress. Moreover， it turns out that blinking also slows when you are thinking hard and can speed up when you are signaling that you are hearing a question or getting ready to give an answer.
In this way, blinking is like so many other individual bits of body language: It is multi－determined. We may cross our arms because we're defensive or because we're tired, cold, or ready to quit.
But in more familiar relationships in the workplace or beyond, most humans are reasonably good at reading the signals of people whom they know well－long－time colleagues, friends, family, especially when they are moved by a strong emotion. For example, when your husband runs into the house excited about a raise, you can pick up that something good is going on. That's because you know how that person normally acts, and thus spotting a change from the norm is relatively easy and reliable.
篇章導(dǎo)讀：本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要探討了如何有效地解讀肢體語(yǔ)言，并指出了其局限性。
Rather than trying to make a list of tells, seek to understand people in your world by paying attention to both what they say and how they say it. Over time, you can become a reliable reader of the body language of the people you live and work with.
5．What is the purpose of the research
A．To illustrate why people see body language as “tells”．
B．To present the relation between blinking and telling lies.
C．To figure out under what circumstances people blink faster.
D．To prove whether a certain physical response can clearly indicate someone's intention.
解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中的“The research demonstrates ... thought or intention.(研究結(jié)果很好地說(shuō)明了將特定的身體反應(yīng)視為某種思想或意圖的‘預(yù)兆'的危險(xiǎn)性。)”可推知，研究的目的是證明某種身體反應(yīng)是否能清楚地表明某人的意圖。故選D。
6．What does the underlined word in Paragraph 4 mean
A．Hard to predict.
B．Difficult to make sense.
C．Caused by many reasons.
D．Easy to be influenced by surroundings.
解析：詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第四段“In this way ... or ready to quit. (因此，眨眼就像許多其他肢體語(yǔ)言一樣：它由多種因素決定。我們交叉雙臂可能是因?yàn)榉佬l(wèi)，也可能是因?yàn)槠v、寒冷或準(zhǔn)備放棄。)”可知，眨眼是由多種原因引起的。multi determined意為“由多種原因引起”。故選C。
7．What does the example in the last but one paragraph show
A．People tend to be moved by their family.
B．Body language can be interpreted easily in close relations.
C．Reading body language doesn't work in unfamiliar relationships.
D．Emotional change is the foundation of understanding body language.
解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的“But in more familiar relationships ... a strong emotion. (但在工作場(chǎng)所或其他更熟悉的關(guān)系中，大多數(shù)人都相當(dāng)善于解讀他們熟悉的人——長(zhǎng)期的同事、朋友、家人——發(fā)出的信號(hào)，尤其是當(dāng)他們被一種強(qiáng)烈的情感所感動(dòng)的時(shí)候。)”可推知，這個(gè)例子展示了在親密關(guān)系中，人們更容易解讀肢體語(yǔ)言。故選B。
8．What would be the best title for the text
A．How to Read Body Language Reliably
B．How to Tell a Lie through Body Language
C．The Misunderstanding on Mastering Body Language
D．Why Cannot Body Language Reflect a Person's Real Intention
解析：標(biāo)題判斷題。通讀全文可知，本文主要討論了如何通過(guò)注意人們說(shuō)話的內(nèi)容和方式來(lái)可靠地解讀肢體語(yǔ)言，A項(xiàng)(如何可靠地解讀肢體語(yǔ)言)最適合作為文章標(biāo)題。故選A。
Ⅱ　語(yǔ)法填空
As you walk into the Shandong Arts and Crafts Exhibition Center, you are greeted by a magnificent sight: a larger than life rabbit. Its face is decorated with __1__ artistically painted Chinese character, quan, and the cloud beneath it features the landscape of Baotu Spring, one of the most famous scenic __2__ (spot) in Jinan.
The __3__ (create) of the rabbit figure is 52 year old Yang Feng, a local craftsman. __4__ (lie) on the second floor of the exhibition center is his studio, __5__ he displays his works, in different designs and sizes.
In 2004, Yang noticed a competition was being held __6__ (develop) a souvenir (紀(jì)念品) for Jinan which needed to represent local culture. Yang thought that the rabbit god fit all the requirements and it took __7__ (he) a whole month to make one.
His winning top prize at the competition encouraged him to quit his job __8__ a designer and devote himself to making statues of the rabbit god. Yang said, “For me, crafting the rabbit is not just a job, __9__ a lifelong career that I will stick with. I hope my creations can remind tourists of the old and happy times. What is even __10__ (important), they can get to know Jinan's history and culture and fall in love with the city.”
篇章導(dǎo)讀：本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述了山東工匠楊峰制作兔子雕像來(lái)展示濟(jì)南的歷史和文化。
1．________　2．________　3．________　4．________　5．________　
6．________　7．________　8．________　9．________　10．________
1．答案：an
2．答案：spots
解析：考查冠詞。character為可數(shù)名詞。此處泛指一個(gè)藝術(shù)繪制的漢字，應(yīng)用不定冠詞，且artistically的發(fā)音以元音音素開(kāi)頭。故填an。
解析：考查名詞。one of后接可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)，設(shè)空處需使用spot的復(fù)數(shù)spots。故填spots。
3．答案：creator
4．答案：Lying
解析：考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。句意：這只兔子的創(chuàng)作者是52歲的當(dāng)?shù)毓そ硹罘濉ＴO(shè)空處應(yīng)用名詞creator在句中作主語(yǔ)，此處表示單數(shù)含義。故填creator。
解析：考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：展覽中心的二樓是他的工作室，他在這里展示不同設(shè)計(jì)和大小的作品。該句是完全倒裝句，原句為：his studio is lying on the second floor of the exhibition center，設(shè)空處應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在分詞，句首單詞首字母應(yīng)大寫(xiě)。故填Lying。
5．答案：where
6．答案：to develop
解析：考查定語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞。設(shè)空處引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，先行詞是his studio，關(guān)系詞在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)，應(yīng)用關(guān)系副詞where引導(dǎo)。故填where。
解析：考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：2004年，楊峰注意到一場(chǎng)為濟(jì)南設(shè)計(jì)代表當(dāng)?shù)匚幕募o(jì)念品的比賽。設(shè)空處應(yīng)用不定式在句中作目的狀語(yǔ)。故填to develop。
7．答案：him
8．答案：as
解析：考查代詞。句意：楊峰認(rèn)為兔神符合所有的要求，他花了整整一個(gè)月的時(shí)間制作了一個(gè)。設(shè)空處在句中作賓語(yǔ)，應(yīng)用人稱代詞的賓格形式。故填him。
解析：考查介詞。句意：他在比賽中獲得了最高獎(jiǎng)，這促使他辭去了設(shè)計(jì)師的工作，全身心地投入到制作兔神的雕像中。設(shè)空處表示“作為”，應(yīng)用介詞as。故填as。
9．答案：but
10．答案：more important
解析：考查連詞。句意：對(duì)我來(lái)說(shuō)，制作兔子不僅僅是一份工作，而是我會(huì)堅(jiān)持下去的終身事業(yè)。此處是固定搭配not just ... but ...，意為“不僅……而且……”。故填but。
解析：考查形容詞的比較級(jí)。句意：更重要的是，他們可以了解濟(jì)南的歷史和文化，并愛(ài)上這座城市。根據(jù)句意可知，此處含有比較意義，設(shè)空處應(yīng)用形容詞的比較級(jí)。故填more important。
As well as their meowing (喵喵叫), cats rely very strongly on body language to communicate, both with other cats and with humans. Some behaviors are obvious and easy to read, while others can be more subtle．
One of the most obvious behaviors cats have is when they weave (穿行) themselves between your legs. When they do this, they are of course both leaving their smell on you, and letting you know that they consider you “one of the family” and love you. Similarly, when your cat jumps up onto a high place so that he is at hand or eye level with you, he is letting you know that he wants to be touched and to rub against you.
精深閱讀
When your cat climbs into your lap while you are sitting (or sleeping) and starts to knead (撫弄) you with his paws, it might be an uncomfortable feeling but your cat is letting you know that he is comfortable and feels protected with you.
Another easily－recognized behavior in cats is when their ears are flat against their head, their fur is standing up straight and/or their back is arched (成弓形). This of course means that your cat is feeling threatened in some way and just wants to protect itself. However, if your cat stands sideways with his fur on end, with its tail raised, it means that he feels very fearful. This behavior is usually seen when there is another strange cat around. And if your cat is feeling nervous, insecure or unwell, he will usually hide under a table, chair or in or behind some other small objects or boxes.
篇章導(dǎo)讀：本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章介紹了貓的肢體語(yǔ)言，了解和學(xué)習(xí)這些肢體語(yǔ)言有助于我們更好地和它們相處。
Cats are social animals and like to communicate with their owners and other cats whenever they can, using a mixture of body language and meowing. It does not take long at all for a cat owner to learn what his cat is trying to tell him, and once he does, the relationship between him and his cat can only improve.
1．The underlined word “subtle” in Paragraph 1 probably means “_____”．
A．meaningful
B．wonderful
C．unclear
D．surprising
解析：詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)畫(huà)線詞所在句“Some behaviors ... more subtle．(有些行為很明顯，很容易理解，而另一些行為則比較不那么明顯。)”可推知，畫(huà)線詞意為“不明顯的”。故選C。
2．A cat may show its love to you by ________．
A．getting close to you
B．jumping onto a higher place
C．meowing continually to you
D．standing face to face with you
解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中的“One of the most obvious ... and love you.”可推知，貓通常通過(guò)靠近人來(lái)表達(dá)它的愛(ài)。故選A。
3．If you want to get along well with your cat, you should ________．
A．hug it as often as possible
B．try to keep it out of any danger
C．stay with it as long as possible
D．learn to communicate with it well
解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“It does ... only improve.(不需要很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間貓主人就能知道貓想告訴他什么，一旦他知道了，他和貓之間的關(guān)系只會(huì)改善。)”可知，要想和貓相處得好，你就要學(xué)會(huì)和它們進(jìn)行良好的交流。故選D。
4．From the passage we can infer that the author ________．
A．is managing a cat care center
B．is raising a lot of animals at home
C．is always ready to help other people
D．is good at reading cats' body language
解析：推理判斷題。通讀全文可知，本文詳細(xì)地介紹了貓的肢體語(yǔ)言，由此可推知，作者善于解讀貓的肢體語(yǔ)言。故選D。
(一)學(xué)習(xí)重點(diǎn)詞匯
1．rely(第一段)
依賴；依靠；信賴
依賴；
依靠；信賴
依靠某人做某事
信賴/依靠某人/某物做某事
可信賴的；可依靠的
2．uncomfortable(第三段)
uncomfortable adj. _____________________→comfortable adj. _______________ →comfort v. _____________
不舒服的；令人不舒適的
舒服的；舒適的
安慰；撫慰
3．threatened(第四段)
受到威脅的；感到危險(xiǎn)的
威脅；有……危險(xiǎn)
用……威脅某人
威脅要做某事
危及某人的生命
威脅
對(duì)……的威脅
對(duì)某人進(jìn)行威脅
受到……的威脅
威脅的；恐嚇的；險(xiǎn)惡的
(二)不看原文，請(qǐng)嘗試將圖中內(nèi)容補(bǔ)充完整
themselves
comfortable
ears
fur
back
threatened
very fearful
nervous/insecure/unwell
communicate
(三)翻譯并背誦佳句
Cats are social animals and like to communicate with their owners and other cats whenever they can, using a mixture of body language and meowing.
____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________
貓是群居動(dòng)物，只要有機(jī)會(huì)，它們就喜歡用肢體語(yǔ)言和喵喵聲與主人和其他貓交流。

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