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英語　選擇性必修 第一冊 RJ
Section Ⅰ　Reading and Thinking
一　閱讀單詞(8個)
寫出英語單詞
1．physiology n. 生理學；生理機能
2．artemisinin n. [藥]青蒿素
3．malaria n. 瘧疾
4．botanical adj. 植物學的
5．wormwood n. 蒿；洋艾
6．boil vt.& vi. (使)沸騰；煮開；燒開　n. 沸騰；沸點
7．liquid n. 液體　adj. 液體的；液態的
8．substance n. 物質；物品；事實根據
二　核心單詞(11個)
A．寫出英語單詞
1．crucial adj. 至關重要的；關鍵性的
2．vital adj. 必不可少的；極其重要的；充滿生機的
3．evaluate vt. 評價；評估
4．property n. 性質；特征；財產
5．distinct adj. 清晰的；清楚的；有區別的
6．extract n. 提取物；摘錄　vt. 提取；提煉；摘錄；(用力)拔出
7．obtain vt. (尤指經努力)獲得；贏得　vi. (規章、習俗等)存在；流行
8．acknowledge vt. 承認(屬實、權威等)；(公開)感謝
9．defeat n. 失敗；挫敗　vt. 擊敗；戰勝
10．analyse vt. 分析
11．insist vi.& vt. 堅持；堅決要求
B．用上面的單詞填空，使句意完整
1．(柯林斯詞典)I insisted that we should have a look at every car.
2．(牛津高階)I finally managed to obtain a copy of the report.
3．(劍橋高階)If we can defeat the Italian team, we'll be through to the final.
4．(柯林斯詞典)Support from those closest to you is vital/crucial in these trying times.
5．(牛津高階)Parents play a crucial/vital role in preparing their child for school.
6．(柯林斯詞典)He is also acknowledged as an excellent goalkeeper.
三　拓展單詞(6個)
A．寫出英語單詞，并嘗試寫出其詞性轉換(可查字典)
1．commit vt. 承諾；保證　vi. 忠于；全心全意投入(工作、活動等)→committed adj. 盡心盡力的；堅定的；堅信的→commitment n. 承諾；保證；托付；奉獻
2．academic adj. 學業的；學術的→academy n. (藝術、文學、科學等的)研究院；學會；專科院校
3．objective n. 目標；目的　adj. 客觀的→object n. 物體；賓語；目標
4．apparently adv. 顯而易見；看來；顯然→apparent adj. 顯而易見的；顯然的
5．scientific adj. 科學(上)的；關于科學的→science n. 科學，理科，自然科學→scientist n. 科學家；自然科學家
6．mostly adv. 主要地；一般地→most adj. 最多的
adv. 最
B．用上面的單詞填空，使句意完整
1．(2023·全國乙卷)From the English side, we have scientific reports and the captain's record of that terrible day.
2．(柯林斯詞典)This college has a good academic reputation.
3．(柯林斯詞典)His objective was to play golf and win.
4．(朗文當代)The banks have__committed themselves to boosting profits by slashing costs.
5．(牛津高階)He paused, apparently lost in thought.
6．(劍橋高階)The band are mostly teenagers, I think.
四　重點短語(2個)
A．寫出英語短語
1．commit__oneself__to__(sth/doing__sth/do__sth) 承諾；保證(做某事、遵守協議或安排等)
2．insist__on 堅決要求
B．用上面的短語填空，使句意完整
1．(牛津高階)They insist__on playing their music late at night.
2．(牛津高階)Borrowers should think carefully before committing__themselves__to taking out a loan.
1 crucial adj. 至關重要的；關鍵性的(教材P2)
歸納
助記
①(牛津高階)Certainly, the early years are crucial to a child's development.
毫無疑問，幼年對兒童的成長至關重要。
②(朗文當代)It is crucial that the problem is tackled immediately.
立即解決這個問題至關重要。
③(中國日報)2022 Winter Olympics and Paralympics were an important landmark event China held at a crucial moment.
2022年冬季奧運會和殘奧會是中國在關鍵時刻舉行的重要里程碑式事件。
④(劍橋高階)Crucially, almost 50 per cent of participants felt they were more productive at work.
最關鍵的是，近50%的參與者感覺他們在工作中更有效率了。
【運用】單句語法填空
①It's crucial to__measure (measure) inpatients' signs of life.
②Talent, hard work and passion are all crucial to/for career success.
③It's crucial that you keep it in your heart.
【輸出】翻譯
④Chewing properly is crucially important.
正確地咀嚼是至關重要的。
⑤緊要關頭他卻不在那里。
He__wasn't__there__at__the__crucial__moment.
2 vital adj. 必不可少的；極其重要的；充滿生機的(教材P2)
歸納
①(柯林斯詞典)Tourism is vital for the Spanish economy.
旅游業對西班牙經濟至關重要。
②(2024·新課標Ⅰ卷)If you want to be published, it's vital to submit a perfect, professionally presented manuscript (原稿)．
如果您想發表作品，提交一份完美、專業的原稿至關重要。
③(牛津高階)It is vital that you keep accurate records when you are self－employed.
干個體的要準確記錄賬目，這十分重要。
【運用】單句語法填空
①These vitamins are vital to/for health.
②Education is vitally (vital) important for the country's future.
③Young people, full of vigour and vitality (vital), are like the sun at eight or nine in the morning.
④It is vital that human beings (should)__obey (obey) the rules of nature.
【輸出】翻譯
⑤面對失敗，我們要有良好的心態，這很重要。
It__is__vital__that__we__(should)__have__a__good__state__of__mind__in__the__face__of__failure.
3 commit vt. 承諾；保證　vi. 忠于；全心全意投入(工作、活動等)(教材P2)
歸納
①(劍橋高階)The government must commit itself to improving health care.
政府必須致力于改善醫療保健。
②(柯林斯詞典)You don't have to commit to anything over the phone.
你不必通過電話承諾任何事情。
③(柯林斯詞典)We made a commitment to keep working together.
我們承諾要繼續在一起工作。
④(柯林斯詞典)He said the government remained committed to peace.
他說，政府仍然致力于和平。
【運用】單句語法填空
①He is regarded as a committed (commit) supporter of the reform policy.
②Our company has made a commitment (commit) to quality and customer service.
【輸出】翻譯
③You don't have to commit yourself now, just think about it.
你不必現在表態，只需考慮一下這件事。
④各學校致力于提供優質教育。
The__schools__commit__themselves__to__providing/are__committed__to__providing__good__education.
4 extract n. 提取物；摘錄　vt. 提取；提煉；摘錄；(用力)拔出(教材P2)
歸納
助記
①(劍橋高階)The tooth was eventually extracted.
這顆牙齒最終被拔掉了。
②(牛津高階)The following extract is taken from her new novel.
以下節選自她的新小說。
③(劍橋高階)The oil which is extracted from olives is used for cooking.
從橄欖中提取的油用于烹飪。
【運用】單句語法填空
①This article is extracted from his new book.
②These are all extracts (extract) from the long poem.
【輸出】翻譯
③The dentist may decide that the wisdom teeth need to be extracted.
牙醫可能決定拔掉智齒。
④She enjoys reading literary classics, making extracts as she goes along.
她熱衷于讀文學名著，邊讀邊做摘記。
5 obtain vt. (尤指經努力)獲得；贏得　vi. (規章、習俗等)存在；流行(教材P2)
歸納
①(中國日報)Governments at all levels should help enterprises to obtain more orders through various online and offline channels.
各級政府要幫助企業通過各種線上線下渠道獲取更多訂單。
②(朗文當代)Further information can be obtained from head office.
可從總部獲得進一步的信息。
③(劍橋高階)Information on the subject is easily obtainable on the Internet.
有關這一主題的信息很容易在互聯網上獲得。
【運用】單句語法填空
①Some of the salt that we use is obtained from the sea.
②The dried herb is obtainable (obtain) from health shops.
【輸出】翻譯
③These conditions no longer obtain.
這些條件不再適用。
④取得可靠的憑據是很困難的。
It__is__difficult__to__obtain__reliable__evidence.
6 acknowledge vt. 承認(屬實、權威等)；(公開)感謝(教材P2)
歸納
助記
①(牛津高階)The country acknowledged his claim to the throne.
這個國家承認了他繼承王位的權利。
②(朗文當代)Many of the poor acknowledged him as their spiritual leader.
許多窮苦人承認他是他們的精神領袖。
③(劍橋高階)She acknowledged having been at fault.
她承認自己有錯。
④(中國日報)It has been widely acknowledged that these emerging pollutants are increasingly becoming a hazard.
人們普遍認為，這些新出現的污染物正日益成為一種危險物質。
【運用】單句語法填空
①The director of the factory had to acknowledge releasing (release) chemical waste into the river.
②These flowers are a small acknowledgement (acknowledge) of your great kindness.
【輸出】一句多譯
③普遍認為，她是世界上最好的網球選手之一。
She__was__widely__acknowledged__to__be/as one of the best players in the world.
＝It__was__widely__acknowledged__that__she__was one of the best players in the world.
7 defeat n. 失敗；挫敗　vt. 擊敗；戰勝(教材P2)
歸納
助記
①(牛津高階)He defeated the champion in three sets.
他三盤擊敗了冠軍。
②(牛津高階)He has not yet learned how to be gracious in defeat.
他還沒有學會怎樣豁達大度地面對失敗。
③(朗文當代)She was a woman who hated to admit defeat.
她是一個不愿認輸的女人。
④(中國日報)Stefanos Tsitsipas was defeated by Danish teenager Holger Rune 7－5, 3－6, 6－3, 6－4 earlier in the French Open.
當天早些時候，斯特凡諾斯·齊齊帕斯以7－5、3－6、6－3、6－4在法國網球公開賽上被丹麥少年霍爾格·魯內擊敗。
【運用】單句語法填空
①If you are defeated by failures, you are a failure indeed.
②The world champion has only had two defeats (defeat) in 20 fights.
【輸出】翻譯
③就是論文上的最后一個問題把我難倒了。
It__was__the__last__question__on__the__paper__that__defeated__me.
④他們在這場戰役中遭遇了失敗。
They__suffered__a__defeat__in__the__battle.
8 insist vi.& vt. 堅持；堅決要求(教材P3)
歸納
①(牛津高階)We insisted on a refund of the full amount.
我們堅決要求全額退款。
②(柯林斯詞典)She insisted on being present at all the interviews.
她堅持要出席所有的面試。
　insist后接 that從句時，應分清兩種情況： (1)表示“堅持說；堅持認為”，從句所指的通常是已經發生的事或已存在的狀態，謂語一般用陳述語氣，引導詞 that 可以省略。 (2)表示“堅決要求；一定要”，從句所指的一般是尚未發生的事，此時從句通常用虛擬語氣，謂語用should＋動詞原形，should可以省略。此用法的動詞有：一堅持(insist)，二命令(command, order)，三建議(suggest, advise, recommend)，四要求(ask, request, require, demand)。 (朗文當代)He insisted I (should) take a taxi and offered to pay for it. 他堅持要我坐出租車，并主動提出他付錢。
【運用】單句語法填空
①She kept insisting on/upon her innocence.
②Lane insisted that the project (should)__be__carried (carry) out on schedule.
③I suggest you (should)__take (take) the forms away and read them at your leisure.
【輸出】翻譯
④He insisted that he was not ill, but the doctor insisted that he (should) take the medicine.
他堅持說他沒有病，但醫生卻堅決要求他服藥。
[教材原句P2]Artemisinin has become a vital part of the treatment for malaria, and is thought to save 100，000 lives a year in Africa alone. 青蒿素成了抗瘧疾藥物的關鍵成分，據估計每年僅在非洲就挽救了10萬人的性命。
剖析 be thought to是被動結構，意為“……被認為……”。
歸納
①(牛津高階)In no sense can the issue be said to be resolved.
無論如何都不能說這個問題已經解決了。
②(2023·新課標Ⅱ卷)Continued developments in communication technologies were once believed to make the printed page outdated.
通信技術的持續發展曾經被認為會使印刷版過時。
③(牛津高階)The house was reported to be in excellent condition.
據報道，這所房子狀況良好。
【運用】單句語法填空
①The vase on the bookshelf is__thought (think) to be as old as the tree in front of the church.
②The diary tells the children and parents what is required to__be (be) done on any one evening.
【輸出】翻譯
③At that time, Tina was widely believed to be the author of those two novels.
當時各界廣泛相信蒂娜是這兩部小說的作者。
④The president is reported to have been delighted with the progress of the first day's talks.
據報道，總統對第一天會談的進展很滿意。
溫馨提示：這里不是單純地提供查尋便利，也不是簡單地答疑解惑，而是堅持嘗試將英語譯成漢語，再將漢語譯回英語，仔細揣摩英漢位置的差異，最終提高英語語言的輸出能力。從英語譯成漢語，再從漢語譯回英語——這就是“回譯法”。嘗試并堅持，終將受益……
TU YOUYOU AWARDED NOBEL PRIZE
屠呦呦獲得諾貝爾獎
6 October 2015
2015年10月6日
This year's Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine has been awarded to Tu Youyou (co winner), whose research led to the discovery of artemisinin, a crucial new treatment for malaria.
今年的諾貝爾生理學或醫學獎授予了屠呦呦(共同獲獎者)，她的研究發現了青蒿素，一種治療瘧疾的關鍵性新藥物。
Artemisinin has saved hundreds of thousands of lives, and has led to improved health for millions of people.
青蒿素挽救了數十萬人的生命，改善了數百萬人的健康狀況。
Over 200 million people around the world get malaria each year, and about 600，000 die from it.
全世界每年有2億多人感染瘧疾，約60萬人死于這種疾病。
Artemisinin has become a vital part of the treatment for malaria, and is thought to save 100，000 lives a year in Africa alone.
青蒿素成了抗瘧疾藥物的關鍵成分，據估計每年僅在非洲就挽救了10萬人的生命。
難句分析
①whose research led to ... new treatment for malaria為非限制性定語從句，解釋說明Tu Youyou；whose作定語，修飾research，表示所屬關系；a crucial new treatment for malaria是artemisinin的同位語。
Tu Youyou, a committed and patient scientist, was born in Ningbo, China, on 30 December 1930, and graduated from Peking University Medical School in 1955.
屠呦呦，一位意志堅定而且有耐心的科學家，1930年12月30日出生于中國寧波，1955年畢業于北京大學醫學院。
After she graduated, she worked at the China Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Beijing.
畢業后，她在北京的中國中醫研究院工作。
In 1967, the Chinese government formed a team of scientists with the objective of discovering a new treatment for malaria, and Tu Youyou was among the first researchers chosen.
1967 年，中國政府組建了一支以探索治療瘧疾新方法為目的的科學家隊伍，屠呦呦是其中首批入選的研究人員。
難句分析
②with the objective ... malaria作狀語；chosen為過去分詞作后置定語，修飾the first researchers。
In the beginning, Tu Youyou went to Hainan, where malaria was more common, to study malaria patients.
一開始，屠呦呦去了瘧疾比較普遍的海南，在那里研究瘧疾患者。
In 1969, she became the head of the project in Beijing, and decided to review ancient Chinese medical texts to find traditional botanical treatments for the disease.
1969年，她成為北京項目的負責人，并決定復查中國古代醫學文獻，尋找傳統的植物療法來治療這種疾病。
Her team examined over 2，000 old medical texts, and evaluated 280，000 plants for their medical properties.
她的團隊查閱了2，000多本古老的醫學文獻，并對28萬種植物的藥用性能進行了評估。
From their research, they discovered and tested 380 distinct ancient Chinese medical treatments that showed promise in the fight against malaria.
在他們的研究中，他們發現并測試了380種不同的中國古代醫療方法，這些方法在抗擊瘧疾方面顯現出了希望。
難句分析
③where引導非限制性定語從句，解釋說明Hainan，在從句中作地點狀語。
One medical text from the fourth century suggested using the extract from sweet wormwood to treat a fever.
一本四世紀的醫藥文獻推薦使用青蒿提取物來治療發燒。
Tu's team tested a collection of dried wormwood leaves but found no effect.
屠呦呦的團隊測試了一批干青蒿，但發現沒有效果。
They then tried boiling fresh wormwood, and using the liquid obtained from this to treat malaria, but this did not work either.
然后，他們試著把新鮮的青蒿煮沸，用從中提取的液體來治療瘧疾，但這也不起作用。
Their project got stuck.
他們的項目陷入了困境。
However, Tu Youyou would not acknowledge defeat.
然而，屠呦呦并不承認失敗。
She analysed the medical texts again, and by chance, she found one sentence suggesting a different way to treat the wormwood.
她再次分析了一遍醫學文獻，偶然發現了一句話，建議用另一種方法來處理青蒿。
She concluded that boiling the sweet wormwood apparently destroyed its medical properties.
她得出結論，煮青蒿顯然破壞了它的藥用性能。
難句分析
④that引導的賓語從句中，boiling the sweet wormwood 為動名詞短語作主語。
Using a lower temperature to draw out the extract, she found a substance that worked.
她用較低的溫度進行提取，發現了一種有效的物質。
After failing more than 190 times, the team finally succeeded in 1971.
在失敗了190 多次之后，這個團隊終于在1971年成功了。
Tu Youyou and her team members even insisted on testing the medicine on themselves to make sure that it was safe.
屠呦呦和她的團隊成員甚至堅持在自己身上測試藥物，以確保它是安全的。
Later, the medicine was tested on malaria patients, most of whom recovered.
后來，這種藥物在瘧疾患者身上進行了測試，大部分患者都康復了。
This medicine, which was called artemisinin, soon became a standard treatment for malaria.
這種被稱為青蒿素的藥物很快成為治療瘧疾的標準藥物。
難句分析
⑤Using a lower ... the extract 為現在分詞短語作狀語，與主語she為主動關系；that worked為定語從句，先行詞為a__substance。
⑥most of whom recovered為“介詞＋關系代詞”引導的非限制性定語從句。
According to Tu Youyou, the discovery of artemisinin was a team effort.
屠呦呦說，青蒿素的發現是團隊的努力。
Upon hearing that she had been awarded the Nobel Prize, she said, “The honour is not just mine.
當聽到自己被授予諾貝爾獎時，她說：“這個榮譽不僅僅屬于我。
There is a team behind me, and all the people of my country.
在我身后有一個團隊，還有我國的全體人民。
This success proves the great value of traditional Chinese medicine.
這一成功證明了中醫的巨大價值。
It is indeed an honour for China's scientific research and Chinese medicine to be spread around the world.”
中國的科研和中醫藥走向世界，確實是一種榮譽。”
難句分析
⑦Upon hearing that ... Nobel Prize是介詞短語，作時間狀語；that she ... Nobel Prize是賓語從句。
⑧There be句型屬于倒裝句型，be動詞的數遵循就近一致原則。
Ⅰ.根據語境及首字母提示完成句子
1．Understanding history is v________ to understanding ourselves as a people and as a nation.
答案：vital
2．I would just add that I was deeply interested in biology and p________．
答案：physiology
3．They accepted their d________ and started thinking what lessons they can learn from it.
答案：defeat
4．Oxygen is one of the basic elements of s________．
答案：substance
5．Our main o________ was the recovery of the child safe and well.
答案：objective
6．The pictures we took at the b________ garden should be ready tomorrow.
答案：botanical
7．A________， she has written to her aunt in Holland asking for advice.
答案：Apparently
8．We should a________ what they said and not just agree with everything.
答案：analyse
9．Solids turn to l________ at certain temperatures.
答案：liquids
10．His voice was quiet but every word was d________．
答案：distinct
Ⅱ.單句語法填空
1．Through it all, she remained in good ________ (academy) standing and graduated with honours.
答案：academic
2．We now have to decide who the owners of these ________ (property) are.
答案：properties
3．Chinese dumpling is a traditional Chinese food, ________ is essential during holidays.
答案：which
4．Gary insisted ________ buying the food for the picnic.
答案：on/upon
5．However, technology is also the application of ________ (science) knowledge to solve a problem, touching lives in countless ways.
答案：scientific
6．The police force is ________ (commit) to being an equal opportunity employer.
答案：committed
7．We had a long talk about her father, Tony, ________ was a friend of mine.
答案：who
8．There are many factors that are crucial ________ (gain) success in a career.
答案：to gain
9．Full details are ________ (obtain) from any post office.
答案：obtainable
10．Gwen had not seen her dad all that much, because ________ (most) he worked on the ships.
答案：mostly
Ⅲ.選詞填空
extract; other than; boil; be thought to; evaluate
1．I stood in the kitchen, waiting for the water to ____________．
答案：boil
2．He ____________ be one of the richest men in Europe.
答案：is thought to
3．Journalists managed to ____________ all kinds of information about her private life.
答案：extract
4．The market situation is difficult to ____________．
答案：evaluate
5．The truth was known to no one ____________ the police.
答案：other than
Ⅳ.完成句子
1．當我去徐州出差的時候，碰巧嘗到了這種民間小吃。
When I went to Xuzhou on business, I enjoyed this folk snack ____________．
答案：by chance
2．你應該在得到父母允許之后再出去逛街。
You should ________________ your parents before you would hang out.
答案：obtain permission from
3．他父母沒有承諾幫他買房子。
His parents didn't ________________________ him buy a house.
答案：commit themselves to helping
4．她被公認為這門學科的專家。
She ________________________________ an expert on the subject.
答案：is acknowledged as/to be
5．所有的醫生都堅稱他受傷嚴重，并堅持主張他立刻進行手術。
All the doctors ____________________________ and that he ____________________________ at once.
答案：insisted that he was badly wounded; (should) be operated on
課后課時作業(一)
較易題(占比70%)　中檔題(占比30%)　拔高題(占比0%)
題號 Ⅰ Ⅱ
A B
難度 ★ ★ ★★
溫馨提示：豐富的語料是寫作的源泉，與其單獨背那些枯燥的熱詞佳句，不如在閱讀語境中輕松記憶語篇題中的黑體(除標題和設題外)語句，日積月累，悄然完成遷移，提升寫作。
Ⅰ　閱讀
A
PRACTITIONERS
Jacqueline Felice de Almania (c.1322) highlights the suspicion that women practicing medicine faced. Born to a Jewish family in Florence, she moved to Paris where she worked as a physician and performed surgery. In 1322 she was tried for practicing unlawfully. In spite of the court hearing testimonials (證明) of her ability as a doctor, she was banned from medicine.
James Barry (c.1789－1865) was born Margaret Bulkley in Ireland but, dressed as a man, she was accepted by Edinburgh University to study medicine. She qualified as a surgeon in 1813, then joined the British Army, serving overseas. Barry retired in 1859, having practiced her entire medical profession living and working as a man.
Tan Yunxian (1461－1554) was a Chinese physician who learned her skills from her grandparents. Chinese women at the time could not serve apprenticeships (學徒期) with doctors. However, Tan passed the official exam. Tan treated women from all walks of life. In 1511, Tan wrote a book, Sayings of a Female Doctor, describing her life as a physician.
Rebecca Lee Crumpler (1831－1895) worked as a nurse for eight years before studying in medical college in Boston in 1860. Four years later, she was the first African American woman to receive a medical degree. She moved to Virginia in 1865, where she provided medical care to freed slaves.
篇章導讀：本文是一篇應用文。文章主要介紹了歷史上四位杰出女性從醫人員的生平事跡。
1．What did Jacqueline and James have in common
A．Doing teaching jobs.
B．Being hired as physicians.
C．Performing surgery.
D．Being banned from medicine.
答案：C
解析：細節理解題。根據第一部分中的“Born to a Jewish family ... performed surgery.”以及第二部分中的“She qualified as a surgeon in 1813”可知，Jacqueline (杰奎琳)和James (詹姆斯)的共同點是都有資格進行外科手術。故選C。
2．How was Tan Yunxian different from the other practitioners
A．She wrote a book.
B．She went through trials.
C．She worked as a dentist.
D．She had formal education.
答案：A
解析：推理判斷題。通讀全文，再根據第三部分中的“Tan wrote a book ... as a physician”可推知，談允賢與其他從業人員的不同之處在于她寫了一本書。故選A。
3．Who was the first African American with a medical degree
A．Jacqueline Felice de Almania.
B．Tan Yunxian.
C．James Barry.
D．Rebecca Lee Crumpler.
答案：D
解析：細節理解題。根據第四部分中的“Four years later ... a medical degree.”可知，Rebecca Lee Crumpler (麗貝卡·李·克魯普勒)是第一位獲得醫學學位的非裔美國人。故選D。
B
A young woman sits down at the piano. Her long flowing brown hair frames a friendly face. And then she begins to sing. Her unexpectedly mature voice attracted everyone in the room. This is Norah Jones, award winning singer and songwriter.
Norah Jones was born on March 30, 1979, in New York City. She is the daughter of the legendary Rxdyi Shankar, a very famous guitar player; but Norah was brought up entirely by her mother Sue. At 4 years old, she and her mother moved to the Dallas suburb, Texas. Her earliest musical influence came from her mother's extensive LP collection. She began singing in church choirs at age five, took piano lessons two years later, and briefly played alto saxophone in junior high.
In the course of serving customers and laying tables in a fast restaurant, Jones soon started a band in which she was a lead singer, of course, and played piano as well. In October 2000, the band ambitiously brought a demo to EMI Blue Note Records.
At a meeting with Blue Note president Bruce in the following year, Jones played her three－song tape, hoping to earn a break. Bruce was so impressed with this young girl's talents that he signed her on the spot. After a year of work, Norah Jones released her debut album, Come Away with Me. Norah Jones has already sold 2.6 million copies of the album, which is 10 times more than any album in Blue Note history. Despite the lack of advertisement, her album was inching its way up the music charts while the debut single Don't Know Why was climbing up the Adult Top 40 Chart.
The singer already enjoyed a success at the Grammy Awards in 2003, where she picked up five trophies in the major categories (Album of the Year, Record of the Year Trophy for Don't Know Why, Best New Artist, Best Female Pop Vocal Performance for Don't Know Why, and Best Pop Vocal Album). It's clear that this was only the beginning for Miss Jones.
篇章導讀：本文是一篇記敘文。文章介紹了Norah Jones (諾拉·瓊斯)從服務員到歌壇巨星的不凡經歷。
4．What motivated Jones' interest in music when young
A．Her childhood experience.
B．Her mother's preference in music.
C．Her participation in church choirs.
D．Her mother's extensive LP collection.
答案：D
解析：細節理解題。根據第二段中的“Her earliest musical influence came from her mother's extensive LP collection.”可知，Jones在音樂上受到的早期影響來自她母親收藏的大量唱片。故選D。
5．What did Jones do before being signed by EMI Blue Note Records
A．Work as a waitress.
B．Study in a high school.
C．Play the piano for customers.
D．Compose songs for a band.
答案：A
解析：細節理解題。根據第三段中的“In the course ... as well.”可知，Jones在與百代藍音符唱片公司簽約之前是一名服務員。故選A。
6．When did Jones release her debut album
A．In 2000. B．In 2001.
C．In 2002. D．In 2003.
答案：C
解析：推理判斷題。根據第三段中的“In October 2000, the band ambitiously brought a demo to EMI Blue Note Records.”以及第四段中的“At a meeting with Blue Note ... Come Away with Me.”可推知，Jones于2002年發行了她的首張專輯。故選C。
7．What can we know about her debut single Don't Know Why
A．It was composed by Jones.
B．It sold well through advertisement.
C．It hit the top in the Adult Top 40 Chart.
D．It won several awards in the Grammy Awards in 2003.
答案：D
解析：細節理解題。根據最后一段中的“The singer already enjoyed ... Best Pop Vocal Album)．”可知，Norah Jones的首張單曲Don't Know Why贏得了2003年格萊美獎的幾個獎項。故選D。
Ⅱ　七選五
John Myatt is an artist. He may not be the greatest artist in the world, but he is possibly the world's greatest forger (偽造者). He is able to paint pictures in the style of famous artists like Monet and Matisse.
__1__ This unusual skill got Myatt into a lot of trouble in the 1990s. For many years he taught art at a secondary school, but then he got divorced (離婚) and he gave up his job to spend more time with his children. In order to make some money he started painting pictures in the style of famous artists and selling them.
__2__ He was honest about his work—he wrote his name on the back, and he sold them for ￡150 each. However, one of his customers, John Drewe, started to resell Myatt's paintings as genuine, original works. Drewe had sold one of Myatt's paintings for￡25，000. He contacted Myatt and suggested that they go into business together. Myatt agreed. He continued to paint and Drewe sold his paintings to art collectors around the world. __3__
The amazing thing is that Myatt painted his pictures with decorator's paint. __4__ But it soon came to an end. Drewe was divorced too, and his ex wife found out about the forgeries. She went to the police and they arrested Drewe and Myatt. At their trial Drewe was sent to prison for six years and Myatt for less than one year.
__5__ When he came out he started to produce pictures in the style of famous artists again. But he put his name on the back, as he'd done before he met Drewe. Myatt is now famous and instead of charging ￡150 for a painting, he can charge ￡40－50，000.
A．It wasn't illegal.
B．Then he decided to stop copying famous paintings.
C．It was the same paint that people use to paint houses!
D．Myatt only spent four months in prison for good behavior.
E．That's more than Drewe gave him for his “genuine” paintings!
F．His pictures are so good that experts can't tell that they are not originals.
G．Between 1986 and 1994 they sold about 200 paintings and made over a million pounds.
篇章導讀：本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述了一位擅長模仿著名藝術家的風格作畫的藝術家John Myatt (約翰·邁亞特)的經歷。
1．答案：F
解析：根據上文“John Myatt is an artist ... like Monet and Matisse.”可知，此處說明了他模仿得非常逼真，所以F項(他的畫太好了，專家都看不出它們不是真跡。)承接上文，并且呼應下文的“This unusual skill”。故選F。
2．答案：A
解析：根據下文“He was honest ... ￡150 each.”可知，他這樣做并不是抄襲，是不違法的，A項(這并不違法。)符合語境。故選A。
3．答案：G
解析：根據上文“Drewe had sold ... around the world.”可知，本段主要講述Myatt和Drewe (德魯)合作將Myatt的畫作作為原創作品轉售，G項(從1986年到1994年，他們賣出了大約200幅畫，賺了100多萬英鎊。)承接上文，說明他們賣畫賺了很多錢，符合語境。故選G。
4．答案：C
解析：根據上文“The amazing thing is that Myatt painted his pictures with decorator's paint.”可知，Myatt用裝飾漆來繪畫，C項(這和人們用來粉刷房子的顏料是一樣的！)承接上文，符合語境。故選C。
5．答案：D
解析：根據下文“When he came out he started to produce pictures in the style of famous artists again.(當他出來后，他又開始以著名藝術家的風格作畫。)”可推知，上文應該和在監獄的生活有關，D項(邁麗特因為表現良好只在監獄里待了四個月。)符合語境。故選D。
　精深閱讀
Wang Fang, a Suzhou native, has given her heart and soul to Kunqu Opera. Wang, who has twice won the Plum Performance Award—China's top award for theater and opera performances—started to learn the traditional art form in 1977.
Born with a melodic voice, Wang loved to sing and dance when she was little. She performed frequently, and was recruited by the Suzhou Kunqu Opera Troupe (劇團) when she was in middle school. However, her parents refused the troupe's invitation, insisting that she should concentrate on her studies and not drop out of school. After members of the troupe visited the parents repeatedly and showed great sincerity, Wang's parents finally agreed.
Learning the traditional art form was never easy. She started to learn how to pronounce words, sing them lyrically and make gestures gently. As an actress playing martial artists roles at first, she had to spend extra time practicing kung fu movements. Years later, Wang used the word “unimaginable” to describe how hard the days were when she first learned Kunqu. She was soaked in sweat when practicing movements in summer, while in winter she often had chilblains (凍瘡) on her hands when training in shabby classrooms with broken windows. “But I was young and determined at the time. No matter how difficult, I always got up early the next morning to practice，” Wang recalls.
Wang says she did not love Kunqu at first, but in her early 20s, when she watched the show Peony Pavilion performed by Zhang Jiqing, a master of the art form, it clicked. “I was shocked，” Wang says. “Her every movement was full of elegance and delicacy. Each of her lines and songs was perfect. I was overwhelmed by the beauty of Kunqu for the first time in my life, and it has stayed with me since.” Now, Wang has herself become a master of Kunqu. Her performances have impressed generations and helped to promote the art form among young people.
篇章導讀：本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了昆曲藝術家王芳學習昆曲的艱難之路。
1．Why did Wang's parents turn down the troupe's invitation at first
A．They didn't think Wang had artistic talent.
B．They saw no future in learning Kunqu Opera.
C．They didn't want Wang to ignore her studies.
D．They regarded members of the troupe as insincere.
答案：C
解析：細節理解題。根據第二段中的“However, her parents ... out of school.”可知，王芳的父母不想讓王忽略她的學業，才會拒絕劇團的邀請。故選C。
2．What does Paragraph 3 mainly tell us
A．Wang has made great efforts to learn Kunqu well.
B．Artists should be given more attention and care.
C．Traditional culture needs to be further promoted.
D．Wang has played a key role in the development of Kunqu.
答案：A
解析：段落大意題。根據第三段中的“Learning the traditional art form was never easy.(學習傳統藝術從來都不容易。)”及下文對王芳日常練習的描述可知，本段主要介紹了王芳學習昆曲的過程是非常辛苦的，她為了學好昆曲付出了巨大的努力。故選A。
3．What changed Wang's attitude towards Kunqu Opera
A．Winning the Plum Performance Award.
B．Joining the Suzhou Kunqu Opera Troupe.
C．Watching Zhang's masterly performance.
D．Being greatly admired by the audience.
答案：C
解析：細節理解題。根據最后一段中的“Wang says ... form, it clicked.”可知，張繼青出神入化的表演讓王芳對昆曲從不愛轉變為喜愛。故選C。
4．What does Wang's story show us
A．It is never too late to learn.
B．Rome was not built in a day.
C．Doing is better than saying.
D．Don't judge a book by its cover.
答案：B
解析：推理判斷題。文章主要講述王芳學習昆曲的艱苦歷程。由此可推知，本文通過昆曲藝術家王芳的事例告訴我們：要想成功，就必須要堅持努力。正所謂，羅馬不是一日建成的。故選B。
(一)學習重點詞匯
1．concentrate(第二段)
2．sincerity(第二段)
sincerity n. 真誠，真摯→sincere adj. 衷心的，誠摯的；(人)真誠的，誠懇的→sincerely adv. 由衷地，真誠地
3．overwhelm(第四段)
熟義 v. 壓倒；擊敗；征服 The enemies were overwhelmed by the troops. 敵軍被部隊擊潰。
v. (感情上)使受不了 He was overwhelmed by a longing for times past. 他陷入了一種對過去的渴望而不能自拔。
生義 v. 使應接不暇 We were overwhelmed by requests for information. 問訊使我們應接不暇。
v. 淹沒，漫過 If water overwhelms a place, it covers it suddenly and completely. 如果水淹沒了一個地方，它會突然完全覆蓋它。
(二)不看原文，請嘗試將圖中內容補充完整
(三)翻譯并背誦佳句
Years later, Wang used the word “unimaginable” to describe how hard the days were when she first learned Kunqu.
多年后，王芳用“難以想象”這個詞來形容她第一次學習昆曲時的艱辛。
課后課時作業(二)
較易題(占比70%)　中檔題(占比30%)　拔高題(占比0%)
題號 Ⅰ Ⅱ Ⅲ
難度 ★★ ★ ★
Ⅰ　完形填空
As the Chinese saying goes, a seed can change the world; a variety can benefit a nation.
Zhang Daorong, who has spent the last 26 years __1__ 13 new varieties of wheat and contributing to national food security, has done both. The 50 year old, who is called the “mother of wheat”， is a __2__ at the Xiangyang Academy of Agricultural Sciences in Xiangyang City.
The research into new varieties requires strict standards and __3__ experiments. “The first __4__ is to find suitable parental types (親本類型) for a specific cultivation purpose. Then we try a hybrid combination，” Zhang explained. “After several generations of __5__ and selection, and when characteristics remain stable, we __6__ a two year process of yield testing and disease identification.” And after several more rounds of tests, a(n) __7__ for evaluation and approval can be made for market production.
“Generally speaking, a good new __8__ should produce high yields, have stable production, and __9__ good resistance to bad conditions，” she added. “__10__， it also should be accepted by the market.”
Zhang added that the team __11__ 70，000 to 80，000 seedlings (幼苗) each year. All year round they were busy with __12__ experiments on the growth of the new seedlings and making records and analyses.
“Agricultural research work is __13__ and complicated. Sometimes your efforts do not __14__. All we can do then is think more, discuss more and find __15__ on the land，” she said.
篇章導讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹“麥子媽媽”張道榮和她的團隊努力培育小麥新品種的事跡。
1．A.advertising B．cultivating
C．discussing D．observing
答案：B
解析：advertise 做廣告；cultivate 培育；discuss 討論；observe 觀察。根據下文“13 new varieties of wheat”可知，此處指培育小麥新品種。故選B。
2．A.journalist B．researcher
C．teacher D．manager
答案：B
解析：journalist 記者；researcher 研究者；teacher 教師；manager 經理。根據上文“who has spent the last 26 years __1__ 13 new varieties of wheat and contributing to national food security”可知，張道榮是一位研究小麥的研究員。故選B。
3．A.precise B．efficient
C．simple D．expensive
答案：A
解析：句意：對新品種的研究需要嚴格的標準和精確的實驗。precise 精確的；efficient 高效的；simple 簡單的；expensive 昂貴的。此處呼應“strict standards”，指精確的實驗。故選A。
4．A.step B．attempt
C．method D．question
答案：A
解析：step 步驟；attempt 企圖；method 方法；question 問題。根據下文“to find suitable parental types (親本類型) for a specific cultivation purpose”和常識可知，找到適合特定培養目的的親本類型是培育新品種的第一步。故選A。
5．A.encouragement B．support
C．management D．trial
答案：D
解析：encouragement 鼓勵；support 支持；management 管理；trial 試驗。根據常識可知，培育新品種需要經過(植物)幾代的試驗和選擇，才能選出最優品種。故選D。
6．A.choose B．continue
C．begin D．repeat
答案：C
解析：choose 選擇；continue 繼續；begin 開始；repeat 重復。結合上文提到選出最優品種和下文“a two year process of yield testing and disease identification”可知，接下來應開始產量測試和疾病識別。故選C。
7．A.practice B．application
C．appliance D．invitation
答案：B
解析：practice 練習；application 申請；appliance 家用電器；invitation 邀請。根據上文“And after several more rounds of tests”可知，幾輪測試合格后，可以申請評估。故選B。
8．A.environment B．machine
C．farmland D．variety
答案：D
解析：environment 環境；machine 機器；farmland 農田；variety 品種。根據上文“13 new varieties of wheat”可知，此處是指一個新的品種。故選D。
9．A.produce B．enhance
C．show D．develop
答案：C
解析：produce 生產，產生；enhance 加強；show 表明，表現；develop 發展。根據下文“good resistance to bad conditions”可知，此處指新品種應表現出良好的抵抗惡劣環境的能力。故選C。
10．A.Besides B．However
C．Therefore D．Otherwise
答案：A
解析：句意：此外，它也應該被市場所接受。besides 此外；however 然而；therefore 因此；otherwise 否則。結合句意可知，此處是對上文的補充說明。故選A。
11．A.watered B．bought
C．protected D．planted
答案：D
解析：water 澆水；buy 購買；protect 保護；plant 種植。結合該團隊培育新品種的事實以及下文“70，000 to 80，000 seedlings (幼苗) each year”可知，此處是指每年種植7萬至8萬株幼苗。故選D。
12．A.reporting B．designing
C．conducting D．studying
答案：C
解析：report 報道；design 設計；conduct 進行；study 學習，研究。根據下文“experiments on the growth of the new seedlings”可知，此處是指對新苗進行實驗，并進行記錄和分析。故選C。
13．A.tough B．normal
C．varied D．specific
答案：A
解析：tough 棘手的，艱難的；normal 正常的；varied 變化的；specific 具體的。根據下文中的“complicated”并結合上文提到他們一次又一次的試驗可知，農業研究是艱難且復雜的。故選A。
14．A.end up B．let down
C．break up D．pay off
答案：D
解析：end up 結束；let down 使失望；break up 破裂；pay off 獲得回報。根據上文“Agricultural research work is __13__ and complicated.”可知，農業研究的特點可能導致有時研究人員的付出是沒有回報的。故選D。
15．A.answers B．comfort
C．dreams D．courage
答案：A
解析：answer 答案；comfort 安慰；dream 夢，夢想；courage 勇氣。上文提到有時付出可能沒有回報，再結合上文“think more, discuss more”可知，只能多思考，多討論，在土地上找到答案，即如何才能培育出優質的新品種的答案。故選A。
Ⅱ　閱讀
David Warren, born in 1925, had great interest in science and engineering from childhood, and was studying for his amateur radio (業余無線電) license when a World War Ⅱ ban on hobby radio forced him to redirect his efforts to chemistry sets. He went on to earn a B．S. from the University of Sydney and a PhD in chemistry from Imperial College London. He then spent three years as a science officer at the Woomera Rocket Range, before joining the Aeronautical Research Laboratories (ARL).
In 1953, the ARL assigned him to a panel investigating two crashes of airplanes. Warren found his mind wandering to a device he had seen at a trade fair: the Minifon, a German device that was marketed as the first pocket recorder. The device was intended for businessmen, but Warren began thinking how useful it would be for airplanes.
But when Warren described his new idea to his boss, he showed no enthusiasm. In 1955, he got a new boss named Tom Keeble, to whom he promoted the idea again. Keeble told Warren to outline specifications for a prototype (樣機). The ARL contracted with Theon “Tych” Mirfield, a Melbourne based instrument maker, to build the first working prototype, which was completed in 1958.
The response to the prototype was depressing. According to a 1998 account by Warren, civil authorities said that “Dr Warren's instrument has little immediate direct use in airplanes.” That critical reception might have affected the flight recorder. But Robert Hardingham, Secretary of the UK Air Registration Board, happened to see the prototype on an informal visit to the ARL, and he was so impressed that he arranged for Warren to fly to England to demonstrate it.
Back in Australia, the ARL assigned Warren a team to update the prototype. The ARL system itself was never patented and never went into production, but the British firm of S. Davall & Sons approached the ARL for the production rights. The Davall “red egg” accident recorder eventually won a large share of the flight data recording market.
篇章導讀：本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了David Warren (戴維·沃倫)的學習經歷和工作經歷，還介紹了他發明飛行記錄儀的過程。
1．What did Warren do according to Paragraph 1
A．He gained a PhD from the University of Sydney.
B．He showed interest in chemistry during childhood.
C．He gave up his hobby due to a wartime ban.
D．He worked as a science officer at the ARL.
答案：C
解析：細節理解題。根據第一段中的“David Warren, born in 1925 ... his efforts to chemistry sets.(戴維·沃倫出生于1925年，從小就對科學和工程學感興趣，在攻讀業余無線電執照時，第二次世界大戰對業余無線電的禁令迫使他將精力轉向化學設備。)”可知，由于二戰時期的禁令，Warren被迫放棄愛好并轉而學習化學設備。故選C。
2．What inspired Warren to develop his flight recorder
A．A German designed machine for businessmen.
B．A battery powered device for airplanes.
C．The two crashes of airplanes.
D．The science fair of the ARL.
答案：A
解析：細節理解題。根據第二段中的“Warren found his mind ... it would be for airplanes.”可知，這臺德國制造的給商人用的機器為他研發飛行記錄儀提供了靈感。故選A。
3．What was civil authorities' attitude toward Warren's flight recorder
A．Positive. B．Unfavorable.
C．Contradictory. D．Unclear.
答案：B
解析：推理判斷題。根據第四段中的“According to a 1998 account ... direct use in airplanes.”可知，民政部門認為Warren的儀器在飛機上幾乎沒有直接用途，由此可推知，他們不支持Warren的飛行記錄儀。故選B。
4．What do we know about Warren's prototype
A．It was patented by the ARL in 1958.
B．It was designed by Theon “Tych” Mirfield.
C．It was updated by Robert Hardingham.
D．It was mass produced by a British company.
答案：D
解析：推理判斷題。根據最后一段中的“The ARL system itself ... the flight data recording market.”可知，英國公司S. Davall & Sons取得了Warren飛行記錄儀原型機的生產權，并且贏得了飛行數據記錄市場的很大份額，由此可推知，是英國公司將原型機投入大批量生產的。故選D。
Ⅲ　語法填空
The traditional Chinese solar calendar divides the year into 24 solar terms. Major Cold, or Dahan in Chinese, is the 24th solar term. In 2024, it began on Jan.20 and ended on Feb.4. In this period, snow, rain __1__ icy cold weather have a big influence on people's lives.
Here __2__ (be) several interesting facts you might want to know about Major Cold.
During Major Cold, as the cold current moves southward, the weather is very cold. Although modern meteorological (氣象學的) observation shows that in some __3__ (region) of China, the weather during Major Cold is not colder than Minor Cold, the __4__ (low) temperatures of the whole year still occur in the Major Cold period.
Predatory birds, such as hawks and falcons, are busy __5__ (search) for food to gather energy to fight against the cold during this period of time.
In North China, as the weather is cold to the extreme and the ground __6__ (cover) with ice and snow, farmers usually take __7__ break and prepare for spring work. But people in the south continue farming as the field is not yet frozen.
__8__ (celebrate) Major Cold, people in Beijing eat “dispelling cold cake”， a kind of rice cake. In Chinese, “rice cake”， __9__ represents good luck and continuous promotion, has the same __10__ (pronounce) as the phrase “higher in a new year”．
1．________　2.________　3.________　4.________
5．________　6.________　7.________　8.________
9．________　10.________
篇章導讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了中國24節氣里的大寒。
1．答案：and
解析：考查連詞。句意：在這個時期，雪、雨和冰冷的天氣對人們的生活有很大的影響。下文icy cold weather與上文snow、rain是并列關系，應用并列連詞and連接。故填and。
2．答案：are
解析：考查動詞的時態和主謂一致。此處描述一般事實，應用一般現在時；主語several interesting facts為復數。故填are。
3．答案：regions
解析：考查名詞。此處應用名詞作介詞in的賓語，根據some可知，應用復數。故填regions。
4．答案：lowest
解析：考查形容詞的最高級。根據the和of the whole year可知，此處應用形容詞的最高級作定語，修飾temperatures。故填lowest。
5．答案：searching
解析：考查非謂語動詞。be busy doing sth “忙于做某事”，為固定搭配。故填searching。
6．答案：is covered
解析：考查動詞的時態、語態和主謂一致。此處描述一般事實，應用一般現在時；動詞cover與主語the ground之間是被動關系，應用被動語態；主語the ground為單數。故填is covered。
7．答案：a
解析：考查冠詞。短語take a break意為“休息一下”。故填a。
8．答案：To celebrate
解析：考查非謂語動詞。此處應用動詞不定式作目的狀語，句首單詞首字母應大寫。故填To celebrate。
9．答案：which
解析：考查定語從句的引導詞。設空處引導非限制性定語從句，先行詞是rice cake，指物，關系詞在從句中作主語，應用關系代詞which引導。故填which。
10．答案：pronunciation
解析：考查詞性轉換。句意：在漢語中，“年糕”代表著好運和不斷的晉升，與“年高”的發音相同。根據設空前the same可知，設空處應用單數名詞，作動詞has的賓語。故填pronunciation。
　精深閱讀
Nelson Mandela was born in South Africa on July 18, 1918 and he is the first Black president of South Africa. Mandela was awarded the Nobel Prize for Peace in 1993.
In 1944, Mandela joined the African National Congress (ANC) and became a leader of its Youth League. That same year he married Evelyn Ntoko Mase. In 1952, Mandela established South Africa's first Black law practice. From 1964 to 1982 Mandela was kept at Robben Island Prison. He was then kept at the Pollsmoor Prison until 1990, when, after being treated for bad health, he was moved to the Victor Verster Prison. Throughout his incarceration between 1964 and 1990, Mandela gained wide support among South Africa's Black people.
On February 11, 1990, the South African government set Mandela free from prison. Shortly after gaining freedom, Mandela was chosen deputy president (副總統) of the ANC and he became president of the party in July 1991.
In April, 1994, the Mandela－led ANC won South Africa's first election and on May 10, Mandela became president of the country. Mandela gave up his post with the ANC in December 1997. After leaving office, Mandela retired from active politics but maintained a strong international presence as an advocate of peace and social justice.
Mandela Day was created to honour his contributions to promoting peace and justice around the world. It was first observed on July 18, 2009. Later that year the United Nations declared that the day would be observed every year as Nelson Mandela International Day. Mandela's writings were collected in I Am Prepared to Die (1964), No Easy Walk to Freedom (1965), The Struggle Is My Life (1978), and In His Own Words (2003). The book Long Walk to Freedom, which records his early life and years in prison, was published in 1994.
篇章導讀：本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要介紹了南非總統Nelson Mandela (納爾遜·曼德拉)的生平。
1．What does the underlined word “incarceration” in Paragraph 2 mean
A．Being free. B．Being on duty.
C．Being independent. D．Being behind bars.
答案：D
解析：詞義猜測題。根據畫線詞上文“From 1964 to 1982 Mandela ... Victor Verster Prison.”可知，從1964年到1990年，Mandela一直被關在監獄里。由此可推知，畫線詞所在句意為“在1964年至1990年的監禁期間，Mandela獲得了南非黑人的廣泛支持”，因此incarceration意為“監禁”。故選D。
2．Which is the right order of the following events about Nelson Mandela
①He became president of South Africa.
②He joined the African National Congress.
③He was kept at Robben Island Prison.
④He was moved to the Victor Verster Prison.
⑤He established the first Black law practice.
A．⑤②③④① B．②⑤③④①
C．③⑤②④① D．④②⑤③①
答案：B
解析：細節理解題。根據第二段內容可知，Mandela于1944年加入非洲國民大會，于1952年建立了第一個黑人法律機構，1964年到1982年被關在羅本島監獄，1990年被轉移到Victor Verster監獄；根據倒數第二段第一句可知，1994年5月Mandela成為南非總統。故選B。
3．What do we know about Mandela Day
A．It was first celebrated in 2009.
B．It was only observed in communities.
C．It was created by Nelson Mandela.
D．It was prohibited by the United Nations.
答案：A
解析：細節理解題。根據最后一段中的“Mandela Day ... International Day.”可知，首次慶祝曼德拉日是在2009年。故選A。
4．What is the purpose of the text
A．To celebrate Mandela Day.
B．To introduce Nelson Mandela.
C．To advertise Nelson Mandela's writings.
D．To explain social problems in South Africa.
答案：B
解析：推理判斷題。通讀全文，尤其根據第一段內容可推知，本文的主要目的是介紹Nelson Mandela。故選B。
(一)學習重點詞匯
1．award(第一段)
2．contribution(第五段)
contribution n. 貢獻，促成作用；捐款→contribute v. 捐贈；(為……)做貢獻；促成→contributor n. 捐贈者，作出貢獻者；促成因素
3．observe(第五段)
熟義 v. 看到；觀察到；注意到 They observed how the parts of the machine fitted together. 他們觀看了機器零件的組裝過程。
生義 vt. 慶祝(節日) Do they observe the Spring Festival in that country？ 那個國家的人慶祝春節嗎？
vt. 遵守(規則、法律等) You are supposed to observe the laws of the land while staying there. 在那個國家期間，你要遵守當地的法律。
(二)不看原文，請嘗試將圖中內容補充完整
(三)翻譯并背誦佳句
The book Long Walk to Freedom, which records his early life and years in prison, was published in 1994.
1994年出版的《漫漫自由路》記錄了他的早年生活和獄中歲月。
35(共134張PPT)
WELCOME UNIT
UNIT 1　 PEOPLE OF ACHIEVEMENT
Section Ⅰ 　Reading and Thinking
課前預習　效果檢測
合作探究　精研重點
目錄
CONTENTS
1
2
學習效果　當堂鞏固
3
課后課時作業（一）
４
課后課時作業（二）
５
課前預習　效果檢測
一　閱讀單詞(8個)
寫出英語單詞
1．____________ n. 生理學；生理機能
2．__________ n. [藥]青蒿素
3．________ n. 瘧疾
4．________ adj. 植物學的
5．___________ n. 蒿；洋艾
6．________ vt.& vi. (使)沸騰；煮開；燒開 n. 沸騰；沸點
7．________ n. 液體　adj. 液體的；液態的
8．__________ n. 物質；物品；事實根據
physiology
artemisinin
malaria
botanical
wormwood
boil
liquid
substance
二　核心單詞(11個)
A．寫出英語單詞
1．________ adj. 至關重要的；關鍵性的
2．________ adj. 必不可少的；極其重要的；充滿生機的
3．________ vt. 評價；評估
4．________ n. 性質；特征；財產
5．________ adj. 清晰的；清楚的；有區別的
crucial
vital
evaluate
property
distinct
6．________ n. 提取物；摘錄　vt. 提取；提煉；摘錄；(用力)拔出
7．________ vt. (尤指經努力)獲得；贏得　vi. (規章、習俗等)存在；流行
8．____________ vt. 承認(屬實、權威等)；(公開)感謝
9．________ n. 失敗；挫敗　vt. 擊敗；戰勝
10．________ vt. 分析
11．________ vi.& vt. 堅持；堅決要求
extract
obtain
acknowledge
defeat
analyse
insist
B．用上面的單詞填空，使句意完整
1．(柯林斯詞典)I ________ that we should have a look at every car.
2．(牛津高階)I finally managed to ________ a copy of the report.
3．(劍橋高階)If we can ________ the Italian team, we'll be through to the final.
4．(柯林斯詞典)Support from those closest to you is ____________ in these trying times.
5．(牛津高階)Parents play a ___________ role in preparing their child for school.
6．(柯林斯詞典)He is also ______________ as an excellent goalkeeper.
insisted
obtain
defeat
vital/crucial
crucial/vital
acknowledged
三　拓展單詞(6個)
A．寫出英語單詞，并嘗試寫出其詞性轉換(可查字典)
1．________ vt. 承諾；保證　vi. 忠于；全心全意投入(工作、活動等)→____________ adj. 盡心盡力的；堅定的；堅信的→____________ n. 承諾；保證；托付；奉獻
2．________ adj. 學業的；學術的→__________ n. (藝術、文學、科學等的)研究院；學會；專科院校
commit
committed
commitment
academic
academy
3．________ n. 目標；目的　adj. 客觀的→________ n. 物體；賓語；目標
4．____________ adv. 顯而易見；看來；顯然→__________ adj. 顯而易見的；顯然的
5．________ adj. 科學(上)的；關于科學的→________ n. 科學，理科，自然科學→________ n. 科學家；自然科學家
6．________ adv. 主要地；一般地→________ adj. 最多的　adv. 最
objective
object
apparently
apparent
scientific
science
scientist
mostly
most
B．用上面的單詞填空，使句意完整
1．(2023·全國乙卷)From the English side, we have __________ reports and the captain's record of that terrible day.
2．(柯林斯詞典)This college has a good __________ reputation.
3．(柯林斯詞典)His ________ was to play golf and win.
4．(朗文當代)The banks _____________ themselves to boosting profits by slashing costs.
5．(牛津高階)He paused, ___________ lost in thought.
6．(劍橋高階)The band are ________ teenagers, I think.
scientific
academic
objective
have committed
apparently
mostly
四　重點短語(2個)
A．寫出英語短語
1．__________________________________ 承諾；保證(做某事、遵守協議或安排等)
2．____________ 堅決要求
B．用上面的短語填空，使句意完整
1．(牛津高階)They ____________ playing their music late at night.
2．(牛津高階)Borrowers should think carefully before _______________________ taking out a loan.
commit oneself to (sth/doing sth/do sth)
insist on
insist on
committing themselves to
合作探究　精研重點
1 crucial adj. 至關重要的；關鍵性的(教材P2)
歸納
助記
①(牛津高階)Certainly, the early years are crucial to a child's development.
毫無疑問，幼年對兒童的成長至關重要。
②(朗文當代)It is crucial that the problem is tackled immediately.
立即解決這個問題至關重要。
③(中國日報)2022 Winter Olympics and Paralympics were an important landmark event China held at a crucial moment.
2022年冬季奧運會和殘奧會是中國在關鍵時刻舉行的重要里程碑式事件。
④(劍橋高階)Crucially, almost 50 per cent of participants felt they were more productive at work.
最關鍵的是，近50%的參與者感覺他們在工作中更有效率了。
【運用】單句語法填空
①It's crucial ____________ (measure) inpatients' signs of life.
②Talent, hard work and passion are all crucial ________ career success.
③It's crucial ________ you keep it in your heart.
【輸出】翻譯
④Chewing properly is crucially important.
__________________________________________________________________
⑤緊要關頭他卻不在那里。
__________________________________________________________________
to measure
to/for
that
正確地咀嚼是至關重要的。
He wasn’t there at the crucial moment.
2 vital adj. 必不可少的；極其重要的；充滿生機的(教材P2)
歸納
①(柯林斯詞典)Tourism is vital for the Spanish economy.
旅游業對西班牙經濟至關重要。
②(2024·新課標Ⅰ卷)If you want to be published, it's vital to submit a perfect, professionally presented manuscript (原稿)．
如果您想發表作品，提交一份完美、專業的原稿至關重要。
③(牛津高階)It is vital that you keep accurate records when you are self－employed.
干個體的要準確記錄賬目，這十分重要。
【運用】單句語法填空
①These vitamins are vital ________ health.
②Education is ________ (vital) important for the country's future.
③Young people, full of vigour and ________ (vital), are like the sun at eight or nine in the morning.
④It is vital that human beings ______________ (obey) the rules of nature.
【輸出】翻譯
⑤面對失敗，我們要有良好的心態，這很重要。
__________________________________________________________________
to/for
vitally
vitality
(should) obey
It is vital that we (should) have a good state of mind in the face of failure.
3 commit vt. 承諾；保證　vi. 忠于；全心全意投入(工作、活動等)(教材P2)
歸納
①(劍橋高階)The government must commit itself to improving health care.
政府必須致力于改善醫療保健。
②(柯林斯詞典)You don't have to commit to anything over the phone.
你不必通過電話承諾任何事情。
③(柯林斯詞典)We made a commitment to keep working together.
我們承諾要繼續在一起工作。
④(柯林斯詞典)He said the government remained committed to peace.
他說，政府仍然致力于和平。
【運用】單句語法填空
①He is regarded as a _____________ (commit) supporter of the reform policy.
②Our company has made a __________ (commit) to quality and customer service.
【輸出】翻譯
③You don't have to commit yourself now, just think about it.
__________________________________________________________________
④各學校致力于提供優質教育。
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
committed
commitment
你不必現在表態，只需考慮一下這件事。
The schools commit themselves to providing/are committed to providing good education.
4 extract n. 提取物；摘錄　vt. 提取；提煉；摘錄；(用力)拔出(教材P2)
歸納
助記
①(劍橋高階)The tooth was eventually extracted.
這顆牙齒最終被拔掉了。
②(牛津高階)The following extract is taken from her new novel.
以下節選自她的新小說。
③(劍橋高階)The oil which is extracted from olives is used for cooking.
從橄欖中提取的油用于烹飪。
【運用】單句語法填空
①This article is extracted ________ his new book.
②These are all ________ (extract) from the long poem.
【輸出】翻譯
③The dentist may decide that the wisdom teeth need to be extracted.
____________________________________________________________________
④She enjoys reading literary classics, making extracts as she goes along.
____________________________________________________________________
from
extracts
牙醫可能決定拔掉智齒。
她熱衷于讀文學名著，邊讀邊做摘記。
5 obtain vt. (尤指經努力)獲得；贏得　vi. (規章、習俗等)存在；流行(教材P2)
歸納
①(中國日報)Governments at all levels should help enterprises to obtain more orders through various online and offline channels.
各級政府要幫助企業通過各種線上線下渠道獲取更多訂單。
②(朗文當代)Further information can be obtained from head office.
可從總部獲得進一步的信息。
③(劍橋高階)Information on the subject is easily obtainable on the Internet.
有關這一主題的信息很容易在互聯網上獲得。
【運用】單句語法填空
①Some of the salt that we use is obtained ________ the sea.
②The dried herb is ___________ (obtain) from health shops.
【輸出】翻譯
③These conditions no longer obtain.
__________________________________________________________________
④取得可靠的憑據是很困難的。
__________________________________________________________________
from
obtainable
這些條件不再適用。
It is difficult to obtain reliable evidence.
6 acknowledge vt. 承認(屬實、權威等)；(公開)感謝(教材P2)
歸納
助記
①(牛津高階)The country acknowledged his claim to the throne.
這個國家承認了他繼承王位的權利。
②(朗文當代)Many of the poor acknowledged him as their spiritual leader.
許多窮苦人承認他是他們的精神領袖。
③(劍橋高階)She acknowledged having been at fault.
她承認自己有錯。
④(中國日報)It has been widely acknowledged that these emerging pollutants are increasingly becoming a hazard.
人們普遍認為，這些新出現的污染物正日益成為一種危險物質。
【運用】單句語法填空
①The director of the factory had to acknowledge ________ (release) chemical waste into the river.
②These flowers are a small _________________ (acknowledge) of your great kindness.
【輸出】一句多譯
③普遍認為，她是世界上最好的網球選手之一。
_________________________________ one of the best players in the world.
＝__________________________________ one of the best players in the world.
releasing
acknowledgement
She was widely acknowledged to be/as
It was widely acknowledged that she was
7 defeat n. 失敗；挫敗　vt. 擊敗；戰勝(教材P2)
歸納
助記
①(牛津高階)He defeated the champion in three sets.
他三盤擊敗了冠軍。
②(牛津高階)He has not yet learned how to be gracious in defeat.
他還沒有學會怎樣豁達大度地面對失敗。
③(朗文當代)She was a woman who hated to admit defeat.
她是一個不愿認輸的女人。
④(中國日報)Stefanos Tsitsipas was defeated by Danish teenager Holger Rune 7－5, 3－6, 6－3, 6－4 earlier in the French Open.
當天早些時候，斯特凡諾斯·齊齊帕斯以7－5、3－6、6－3、6－4在法國網球公開賽上被丹麥少年霍爾格·魯內擊敗。
【運用】單句語法填空
①If you are defeated ________ failures, you are a failure indeed.
②The world champion has only had two ________ (defeat) in 20 fights.
【輸出】翻譯
③就是論文上的最后一個問題把我難倒了。
____________________________________________________________________
④他們在這場戰役中遭遇了失敗。
____________________________________________________________________
by
defeats
It was the last question on the paper that defeated me.
They suffered a defeat in the battle.
8 insist vi.& vt. 堅持；堅決要求(教材P3)
歸納
①(牛津高階)We insisted on a refund of the full amount.
我們堅決要求全額退款。
②(柯林斯詞典)She insisted on being present at all the interviews.
她堅持要出席所有的面試。
insist后接 that從句時，應分清兩種情況：
(1)表示“堅持說；堅持認為”，從句所指的通常是已經發生的事或已存在的狀態，謂語一般用陳述語氣，引導詞 that 可以省略。
(2)表示“堅決要求；一定要”，從句所指的一般是尚未發生的事，此時從句通常用虛擬語氣，謂語用should＋動詞原形，should可以省略。此用法的動詞有：一堅持(insist)，二命令(command, order)，三建議(suggest, advise, recommend)，四要求(ask, request, require, demand)。
(朗文當代)He insisted I (should) take a taxi and offered to pay for it.
他堅持要我坐出租車，并主動提出他付錢。
【運用】單句語法填空
①She kept insisting __________ her innocence.
②Lane insisted that the project ________________ (carry) out on schedule.
③I suggest you ____________ (take) the forms away and read them at your leisure.
【輸出】翻譯
④He insisted that he was not ill, but the doctor insisted that he (should) take the medicine.
____________________________________________________________________
on/upon
(should) be carried
(should) take
他堅持說他沒有病，但醫生卻堅決要求他服藥。
[教材原句P2]Artemisinin has become a vital part of the treatment for malaria, and is thought to save 100，000 lives a year in Africa alone.
青蒿素成了抗瘧疾藥物的關鍵成分，據估計每年僅在非洲就挽救了10萬人的性命。
剖析 be thought to是被動結構，意為“……被認為……”。
歸納
①(牛津高階)In no sense can the issue be said to be resolved.
無論如何都不能說這個問題已經解決了。
②(2023·新課標Ⅱ卷)Continued developments in communication technologies were once believed to make the printed page outdated.
通信技術的持續發展曾經被認為會使印刷版過時。
③(牛津高階)The house was reported to be in excellent condition.
據報道，這所房子狀況良好。
【運用】單句語法填空
①The vase on the bookshelf ___________ (think) to be as old as the tree in front of the church.
②The diary tells the children and parents what is required ________ (be) done on any one evening.
【輸出】翻譯
③At that time, Tina was widely believed to be the author of those two novels.
____________________________________________________________________
④The president is reported to have been delighted with the progress of the first day's talks.
____________________________________________________________________
is thought
to be
當時各界廣泛相信蒂娜是這兩部小說的作者。
據報道，總統對第一天會談的進展很滿意。
溫馨提示：這里不是單純地提供查尋便利，也不是簡單地答疑解惑，而是堅持嘗試將英語譯成漢語，再將漢語譯回英語，仔細揣摩英漢位置的差異，最終提高英語語言的輸出能力。從英語譯成漢語，再從漢語譯回英語——這就是“回譯法”。嘗試并堅持，終將受益……
TU YOUYOU AWARDED NOBEL PRIZE
屠呦呦獲得諾貝爾獎
6 October 2015
2015年10月6日
This year's Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine has been awarded to Tu Youyou (co winner), whose research led to the discovery of artemisinin, a crucial new treatment for malaria.
今年的諾貝爾生理學或醫學獎授予了屠呦呦(共同獲獎者)，她的研究發現了青蒿素，一種治療瘧疾的關鍵性新藥物。
Artemisinin has saved hundreds of thousands of lives, and has led to improved health for millions of people.
青蒿素挽救了數十萬人的生命，改善了數百萬人的健康狀況。
Over 200 million people around the world get malaria each year, and about 600，000 die from it.
全世界每年有2億多人感染瘧疾，約60萬人死于這種疾病。
Artemisinin has become a vital part of the treatment for malaria, and is thought to save 100，000 lives a year in Africa alone.
青蒿素成了抗瘧疾藥物的關鍵成分，據估計每年僅在非洲就挽救了10萬人的生命。
難句分析
①whose research led to ... new treatment for malaria為______________從句，解釋說明Tu Youyou；whose作_________，修飾research，表示所屬關系；a crucial new treatment for malaria是artemisinin的_________。
非限制性定語
定語
同位語
Tu Youyou, a committed and patient scientist, was born in Ningbo, China, on 30 December 1930, and graduated from Peking University Medical School in 1955.
屠呦呦，一位意志堅定而且有耐心的科學家，1930年12月30日出生于中國寧波，1955年畢業于北京大學醫學院。
After she graduated, she worked at the China Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Beijing.
畢業后，她在北京的中國中醫研究院工作。
In 1967, the Chinese government formed a team of scientists with the objective of discovering a new treatment for malaria, and Tu Youyou was among the first researchers chosen.
1967 年，中國政府組建了一支以探索治療瘧疾新方法為目的的科學家隊伍，屠呦呦是其中首批入選的研究人員。
難句分析
②with the objective ... malaria作_______；chosen為過去分詞作___________，修飾the first researchers。
狀語
后置定語
In the beginning, Tu Youyou went to Hainan, where malaria was more common, to study malaria patients.
一開始，屠呦呦去了瘧疾比較普遍的海南，在那里研究瘧疾患者。
In 1969, she became the head of the project in Beijing, and decided to review ancient Chinese medical texts to find traditional botanical treatments for the disease.
1969年，她成為北京項目的負責人，并決定復查中國古代醫學文獻，尋找傳統的植物療法來治療這種疾病。
Her team examined over 2，000 old medical texts, and evaluated 280，000 plants for their medical properties.
她的團隊查閱了2，000多本古老的醫學文獻，并對28萬種植物的藥用性能進行了評估。
From their research, they discovered and tested 380 distinct ancient Chinese medical treatments that showed promise in the fight against malaria.
在他們的研究中，他們發現并測試了380種不同的中國古代醫療方法，這些方法在抗擊瘧疾方面顯現出了希望。
難句分析
③where引導______________從句，解釋說明Hainan，在從句中作_________。
非限制性定語
地點狀語
One medical text from the fourth century suggested using the extract from sweet wormwood to treat a fever.
一本四世紀的醫藥文獻推薦使用青蒿提取物來治療發燒。
Tu's team tested a collection of dried wormwood leaves but found no effect.
屠呦呦的團隊測試了一批干青蒿，但發現沒有效果。
They then tried boiling fresh wormwood, and using the liquid obtained from this to treat malaria, but this did not work either.
然后，他們試著把新鮮的青蒿煮沸，用從中提取的液體來治療瘧疾，但這也不起作用。
Their project got stuck.
他們的項目陷入了困境。
However, Tu Youyou would not acknowledge defeat.
然而，屠呦呦并不承認失敗。
She analysed the medical texts again, and by chance, she found one sentence suggesting a different way to treat the wormwood.
她再次分析了一遍醫學文獻，偶然發現了一句話，建議用另一種方法來處理青蒿。
She concluded that boiling the sweet wormwood apparently destroyed its medical properties.
她得出結論，煮青蒿顯然破壞了它的藥用性能。
難句分析
④that引導的________從句中，boiling the sweet wormwood 為動名詞短語作______。
賓語
主語
Using a lower temperature to draw out the extract, she found a substance that worked.
她用較低的溫度進行提取，發現了一種有效的物質。
After failing more than 190 times, the team finally succeeded in 1971.
在失敗了190 多次之后，這個團隊終于在1971年成功了。
Tu Youyou and her team members even insisted on testing the medicine on themselves to make sure that it was safe.
屠呦呦和她的團隊成員甚至堅持在自己身上測試藥物，以確保它是安全的。
Later, the medicine was tested on malaria patients, most of whom recovered.
后來，這種藥物在瘧疾患者身上進行了測試，大部分患者都康復了。
This medicine, which was called artemisinin, soon became a standard treatment for malaria.
這種被稱為青蒿素的藥物很快成為治療瘧疾的標準藥物。
難句分析
⑤Using a lower ... the extract 為現在分詞短語作________，與主語she為_______關系；that worked為________從句，先行詞為________________ 。
⑥most of whom recovered為“_____＋___________”引導的非限制性定語從句。
狀語
主動
定語
a substance
介詞
關系代詞
According to Tu Youyou, the discovery of artemisinin was a team effort.
屠呦呦說，青蒿素的發現是團隊的努力。
Upon hearing that she had been awarded the Nobel Prize, she said, “The honour is not just mine.
當聽到自己被授予諾貝爾獎時，她說：“這個榮譽不僅僅屬于我。
There is a team behind me, and all the people of my country.
在我身后有一個團隊，還有我國的全體人民。
This success proves the great value of traditional Chinese medicine.
這一成功證明了中醫的巨大價值。
It is indeed an honour for China's scientific research and Chinese medicine to be spread around the world.”
中國的科研和中醫藥走向世界，確實是一種榮譽。”
難句分析
⑦Upon hearing that ... Nobel Prize是介詞短語，作__________；that she ... Nobel Prize是______從句。
⑧There be句型屬于________句型，be動詞的數遵循__________原則。
時間狀語
賓語
倒裝
就近一致
學習效果　當堂鞏固
Ⅰ.根據語境及首字母提示完成句子
1．Understanding history is v________ to understanding ourselves as a people and as a nation.
2．I would just add that I was deeply interested in biology and p__________．
3．They accepted their d________ and started thinking what lessons they can learn from it.
4．Oxygen is one of the basic elements of s________．
5．Our main o________ was the recovery of the child safe and well.
ital
hysiology
efeat
ubstance
bjective
6．The pictures we took at the b________ garden should be ready tomorrow.
7．A________， she has written to her aunt in Holland asking for advice.
8．We should a________ what they said and not just agree with everything.
9．Solids turn to l________ at certain temperatures.
10．His voice was quiet but every word was d________．
otanical
pparently
nalyse
iquids
istinct
Ⅱ.單句語法填空
1．Through it all, she remained in good ________ (academy) standing and graduated with honours.
2．We now have to decide who the owners of these __________ (property) are.
3．Chinese dumpling is a traditional Chinese food, ________ is essential during holidays.
4．Gary insisted ________ buying the food for the picnic.
5．However, technology is also the application of __________ (science) knowledge to solve a problem, touching lives in countless ways.
academic
properties
which
on/upon
scientific
6．The police force is _________ (commit) to being an equal opportunity employer.
7．We had a long talk about her father, Tony, ________ was a friend of mine.
8．There are many factors that are crucial ________ (gain) success in a career.
9．Full details are ____________ (obtain) from any post office.
10．Gwen had not seen her dad all that much, because ________ (most) he worked on the ships.
committed
who
to gain
obtainable
mostly
Ⅲ.選詞填空
1．I stood in the kitchen, waiting for the water to ____________．
2．He ____________ be one of the richest men in Europe.
3．Journalists managed to _________ all kinds of information about her private life.
4．The market situation is difficult to ____________．
5．The truth was known to no one ____________ the police.
boil
extract; other than; boil; be thought to; evaluate
is thought to
extract
evaluate
other than
Ⅳ.完成句子
1．當我去徐州出差的時候，碰巧嘗到了這種民間小吃。
When I went to Xuzhou on business, I enjoyed this folk snack ____________．
2．你應該在得到父母允許之后再出去逛街。
You should _____________________ your parents before you would hang out.
3．他父母沒有承諾幫他買房子。
His parents didn't ____________________________ him buy a house.
by chance
obtain permission from
commit themselves to helping
4．她被公認為這門學科的專家。
She ________________________ an expert on the subject.
5．所有的醫生都堅稱他受傷嚴重，并堅持主張他立刻進行手術。
All the doctors ____________________________ and that he __________________ at once.
is acknowledged as/to be
insisted that he was badly wounded
(should) be operated on
課后課時作業（一）
較易題(占比70%)　中檔題(占比30%)　拔高題(占比0%)
溫馨提示：豐富的語料是寫作的源泉，與其單獨背那些枯燥的熱詞佳句，不如在閱讀語境中輕松記憶語篇題中的黑體(除標題和設題外)語句，日積月累，悄然完成遷移，提升寫作。
題號 Ⅰ Ⅱ
A B 難度 ★ ★ ★★
Ⅰ　閱讀
A
PRACTITIONERS
Jacqueline Felice de Almania (c.1322) highlights the suspicion that women practicing medicine faced. Born to a Jewish family in Florence, she moved to Paris where she worked as a physician and performed surgery. In 1322 she was tried for practicing unlawfully. In spite of the court hearing testimonials (證明) of her ability as a doctor, she was banned from medicine.
James Barry (c.1789－1865) was born Margaret Bulkley in Ireland but, dressed as a man, she was accepted by Edinburgh University to study medicine. She qualified as a surgeon in 1813, then joined the British Army, serving overseas. Barry retired in 1859, having practiced her entire medical profession living and working as a man.
Tan Yunxian (1461－1554) was a Chinese physician who learned her skills from her grandparents. Chinese women at the time could not serve apprenticeships (學徒期) with doctors. However, Tan passed the official exam. Tan treated women from all walks of life. In 1511, Tan wrote a book, Sayings of a Female Doctor, describing her life as a physician.
Rebecca Lee Crumpler (1831－1895) worked as a nurse for eight years before studying in medical college in Boston in 1860. Four years later, she was the first African American woman to receive a medical degree. She moved to Virginia in 1865, where she provided medical care to freed slaves.
篇章導讀：本文是一篇應用文。文章主要介紹了歷史上四位杰出女性從醫人員的生平事跡。
1．What did Jacqueline and James have in common
A．Doing teaching jobs.
B．Being hired as physicians.
C．Performing surgery.
D．Being banned from medicine.
解析：細節理解題。根據第一部分中的“Born to a Jewish family ... performed surgery.”以及第二部分中的“She qualified as a surgeon in 1813”可知，Jacqueline (杰奎琳)和James (詹姆斯)的共同點是都有資格進行外科手術。故選C。
2．How was Tan Yunxian different from the other practitioners
A．She wrote a book.
B．She went through trials.
C．She worked as a dentist.
D．She had formal education.
解析：推理判斷題。通讀全文，再根據第三部分中的“Tan wrote a book ... as a physician”可推知，談允賢與其他從業人員的不同之處在于她寫了一本書。故選A。
3．Who was the first African American with a medical degree
A．Jacqueline Felice de Almania.
B．Tan Yunxian.
C．James Barry.
D．Rebecca Lee Crumpler.
解析：細節理解題。根據第四部分中的“Four years later ... a medical degree.”可知，Rebecca Lee Crumpler (麗貝卡·李·克魯普勒)是第一位獲得醫學學位的非裔美國人。故選D。
B
A young woman sits down at the piano. Her long flowing brown hair frames a friendly face. And then she begins to sing. Her unexpectedly mature voice attracted everyone in the room. This is Norah Jones, award winning singer and songwriter.
Norah Jones was born on March 30, 1979, in New York City. She is the daughter of the legendary Rxdyi Shankar, a very famous guitar player; but Norah was brought up entirely by her mother Sue. At 4 years old, she and her mother moved to the Dallas suburb, Texas. Her earliest musical influence came from her mother's extensive LP collection. She began singing in church choirs at age five, took piano lessons two years later, and briefly played alto saxophone in junior high.
In the course of serving customers and laying tables in a fast restaurant, Jones soon started a band in which she was a lead singer, of course, and played piano as well. In October 2000, the band ambitiously brought a demo to EMI Blue Note Records.
At a meeting with Blue Note president Bruce in the following year, Jones played her three－song tape, hoping to earn a break. Bruce was so impressed with this young girl's talents that he signed her on the spot. After a year of work, Norah Jones released her debut album, Come Away with Me. Norah Jones has already sold 2.6 million copies of the album, which is 10 times more than any album in Blue Note history. Despite the lack of advertisement, her album was inching its way up the music charts while the debut single Don't Know Why was climbing up the Adult Top 40 Chart.
篇章導讀：本文是一篇記敘文。文章介紹了Norah Jones (諾拉·瓊斯)從服務員到歌壇巨星的不凡經歷。
The singer already enjoyed a success at the Grammy Awards in 2003, where she picked up five trophies in the major categories (Album of the Year, Record of the Year Trophy for Don't Know Why, Best New Artist, Best Female Pop Vocal Performance for Don't Know Why, and Best Pop Vocal Album). It's clear that this was only the beginning for Miss Jones.
4．What motivated Jones' interest in music when young
A．Her childhood experience.
B．Her mother's preference in music.
C．Her participation in church choirs.
D．Her mother's extensive LP collection.
解析：細節理解題。根據第二段中的“Her earliest musical influence came from her mother's extensive LP collection.”可知，Jones在音樂上受到的早期影響來自她母親收藏的大量唱片。故選D。
5．What did Jones do before being signed by EMI Blue Note Records
A．Work as a waitress.
B．Study in a high school.
C．Play the piano for customers.
D．Compose songs for a band.
解析：細節理解題。根據第三段中的“In the course ... as well.”可知，Jones在與百代藍音符唱片公司簽約之前是一名服務員。故選A。
6．When did Jones release her debut album
A．In 2000. B．In 2001.
C．In 2002. D．In 2003.
解析：推理判斷題。根據第三段中的“In October 2000, the band ambitiously brought a demo to EMI Blue Note Records.”以及第四段中的“At a meeting with Blue Note ... Come Away with Me.”可推知，Jones于2002年發行了她的首張專輯。故選C。
7．What can we know about her debut single Don't Know Why
A．It was composed by Jones.
B．It sold well through advertisement.
C．It hit the top in the Adult Top 40 Chart.
D．It won several awards in the Grammy Awards in 2003.
解析：細節理解題。根據最后一段中的“The singer already enjoyed ... Best Pop Vocal Album)．”可知，Norah Jones的首張單曲Don't Know Why贏得了2003年格萊美獎的幾個獎項。故選D。
Ⅱ　七選五
John Myatt is an artist. He may not be the greatest artist in the world, but he is possibly the world's greatest forger (偽造者). He is able to paint pictures in the style of famous artists like Monet and Matisse.
__1__ This unusual skill got Myatt into a lot of trouble in the 1990s. For many years he taught art at a secondary school, but then he got divorced (離婚) and he gave up his job to spend more time with his children. In order to make some money he started painting pictures in the style of famous artists and selling them.
__2__ He was honest about his work—he wrote his name on the back, and he sold them for ￡150 each. However, one of his customers, John Drewe, started to resell Myatt's paintings as genuine, original works. Drewe had sold one of Myatt's paintings for￡25，000. He contacted Myatt and suggested that they go into business together. Myatt agreed. He continued to paint and Drewe sold his paintings to art collectors around the world. __3__
The amazing thing is that Myatt painted his pictures with decorator's paint. __4__ But it soon came to an end. Drewe was divorced too, and his ex wife found out about the forgeries. She went to the police and they arrested Drewe and Myatt. At their trial Drewe was sent to prison for six years and Myatt for less than one year.
__5__ When he came out he started to produce pictures in the style of famous artists again. But he put his name on the back, as he'd done before he met Drewe. Myatt is now famous and instead of charging ￡150 for a painting, he can charge ￡40－50，000.
A．It wasn't illegal.
B．Then he decided to stop copying famous paintings.
C．It was the same paint that people use to paint houses!
D．Myatt only spent four months in prison for good behavior.
E．That's more than Drewe gave him for his “genuine” paintings!
F．His pictures are so good that experts can't tell that they are not originals.
G．Between 1986 and 1994 they sold about 200 paintings and made over a million pounds.
篇章導讀：本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述了一位擅長模仿著名藝術家的風格作畫的藝術家John Myatt (約翰·邁亞特)的經歷。
1．答案：F
2．答案：A
解析：根據上文“John Myatt is an artist ... like Monet and Matisse.”可知，此處說明了他模仿得非常逼真，所以F項(他的畫太好了，專家都看不出它們不是真跡。)承接上文，并且呼應下文的“This unusual skill”。故選F。
解析：根據下文“He was honest ... ￡150 each.”可知，他這樣做并不是抄襲，是不違法的，A項(這并不違法。)符合語境。故選A。
3．答案：G
4．答案：C
解析：根據上文“Drewe had sold ... around the world.”可知，本段主要講述Myatt和Drewe (德魯)合作將Myatt的畫作作為原創作品轉售，G項(從1986年到1994年，他們賣出了大約200幅畫，賺了100多萬英鎊。)承接上文，說明他們賣畫賺了很多錢，符合語境。故選G。
解析：根據上文“The amazing thing is that Myatt painted his pictures with decorator's paint.”可知，Myatt用裝飾漆來繪畫，C項(這和人們用來粉刷房子的顏料是一樣的！)承接上文，符合語境。故選C。
解析：根據下文“When he came out he started to produce pictures in the style of famous artists again.(當他出來后，他又開始以著名藝術家的風格作畫。)”可推知，上文應該和在監獄的生活有關，D項(邁麗特因為表現良好只在監獄里待了四個月。)符合語境。故選D。
5．答案：D
Wang Fang, a Suzhou native, has given her heart and soul to Kunqu Opera. Wang, who has twice won the Plum Performance Award—China's top award for theater and opera performances—started to learn the traditional art form in 1977.
Born with a melodic voice, Wang loved to sing and dance when she was little. She performed frequently, and was recruited by the Suzhou Kunqu Opera Troupe (劇團) when she was in middle school. However, her parents refused the troupe's invitation, insisting that she should concentrate on her studies and not drop out of school. After members of the troupe visited the parents repeatedly and showed great sincerity, Wang's parents finally agreed.
精深閱讀
Learning the traditional art form was never easy. She started to learn how to pronounce words, sing them lyrically and make gestures gently. As an actress playing martial artists roles at first, she had to spend extra time practicing kung fu movements. Years later, Wang used the word “unimaginable” to describe how hard the days were when she first learned Kunqu. She was soaked in sweat when practicing movements in summer, while in winter she often had chilblains (凍瘡) on her hands when training in shabby classrooms with broken windows. “But I was young and determined at the time. No matter how difficult, I always got up early the next morning to practice，” Wang recalls.
Wang says she did not love Kunqu at first, but in her early 20s, when she watched the show Peony Pavilion performed by Zhang Jiqing, a master of the art form, it clicked. “I was shocked，” Wang says. “Her every movement was full of elegance and delicacy. Each of her lines and songs was perfect. I was overwhelmed by the beauty of Kunqu for the first time in my life, and it has stayed with me since.” Now, Wang has herself become a master of Kunqu. Her performances have impressed generations and helped to promote the art form among young people.
篇章導讀：本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了昆曲藝術家王芳學習昆曲的艱難之路。
1．Why did Wang's parents turn down the troupe's invitation at first
A．They didn't think Wang had artistic talent.
B．They saw no future in learning Kunqu Opera.
C．They didn't want Wang to ignore her studies.
D．They regarded members of the troupe as insincere.
解析：細節理解題。根據第二段中的“However, her parents ... out of school.”可知，王芳的父母不想讓王忽略她的學業，才會拒絕劇團的邀請。故選C。
2．What does Paragraph 3 mainly tell us
A．Wang has made great efforts to learn Kunqu well.
B．Artists should be given more attention and care.
C．Traditional culture needs to be further promoted.
D．Wang has played a key role in the development of Kunqu.
解析：段落大意題。根據第三段中的“Learning the traditional art form was never easy.(學習傳統藝術從來都不容易。)”及下文對王芳日常練習的描述可知，本段主要介紹了王芳學習昆曲的過程是非常辛苦的，她為了學好昆曲付出了巨大的努力。故選A。
3．What changed Wang's attitude towards Kunqu Opera
A．Winning the Plum Performance Award.
B．Joining the Suzhou Kunqu Opera Troupe.
C．Watching Zhang's masterly performance.
D．Being greatly admired by the audience.
解析：細節理解題。根據最后一段中的“Wang says ... form, it clicked.”可知，張繼青出神入化的表演讓王芳對昆曲從不愛轉變為喜愛。故選C。
4．What does Wang's story show us
A．It is never too late to learn.
B．Rome was not built in a day.
C．Doing is better than saying.
D．Don't judge a book by its cover.
解析：推理判斷題。文章主要講述王芳學習昆曲的艱苦歷程。由此可推知，本文通過昆曲藝術家王芳的事例告訴我們：要想成功，就必須要堅持努力。正所謂，羅馬不是一日建成的。故選B。
(一)學習重點詞匯
1．award(第一段)
專注，
專心；集中注意力
全神貫注于；專心于
集中的；全神貫注的；濃縮的
集中；專心；濃度；含量
2．sincerity(第二段)
sincerity n. ____________→sincere adj. _________________________________ →sincerely adv. ________________
真誠，真摯
衷心的，誠摯的；(人)真誠的，誠懇的
由衷地，真誠地
熟義 v. _______________ The enemies were overwhelmed by the troops.
敵軍被部隊______。
v. _______________ He was overwhelmed by a longing for times past.
他陷入了一種對過去的渴望____________。
生義 v. ___________ We were overwhelmed by requests for information.
問訊使我們____________。
v. ____________ If water overwhelms a place, it covers it suddenly and completely.
如果水______了一個地方，它會突然完全覆蓋它。
3．observe(第五段)
壓倒；擊敗；征服
擊潰
(感情上)使受不了
而不能自拔
使應接不暇
應接不暇
淹沒，漫過
淹沒
(二)不看原文，請嘗試將圖中內容補充完整
has twice won
studies
practice
young people
(三)翻譯并背誦佳句
Years later, Wang used the word “unimaginable” to describe how hard the days were when she first learned Kunqu.
____________________________________________________________________
多年后，王芳用“難以想象”這個詞來形容她第一次學習昆曲時的艱辛。
課后課時作業（二）
較易題(占比70%)　中檔題(占比30%)　拔高題(占比0%)
Ⅰ　完形填空
As the Chinese saying goes, a seed can change the world; a variety can benefit a nation.
Zhang Daorong, who has spent the last 26 years __1__ 13 new varieties of wheat and contributing to national food security, has done both. The 50 year old, who is called the “mother of wheat”， is a __2__ at the Xiangyang Academy of Agricultural Sciences in Xiangyang City.
題號 Ⅰ Ⅱ Ⅲ
難度 ★★ ★ ★
The research into new varieties requires strict standards and __3__ experiments. “The first __4__ is to find suitable parental types (親本類型) for a specific cultivation purpose. Then we try a hybrid combination，” Zhang explained. “After several generations of __5__ and selection, and when characteristics remain stable, we __6__ a two year process of yield testing and disease identification.” And after several more rounds of tests, a(n) __7__ for evaluation and approval can be made for market production.
“Generally speaking, a good new __8__ should produce high yields, have stable production, and __9__ good resistance to bad conditions，” she added. “__10__， it also should be accepted by the market.”
Zhang added that the team __11__ 70，000 to 80，000 seedlings (幼苗) each year. All year round they were busy with __12__ experiments on the growth of the new seedlings and making records and analyses.
“Agricultural research work is __13__ and complicated. Sometimes your efforts do not __14__. All we can do then is think more, discuss more and find __15__ on the land，” she said.
篇章導讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹“麥子媽媽”張道榮和她的團隊努力培育小麥新品種的事跡。
1．A.advertising B．cultivating
C．discussing D．observing
2．A.journalist B．researcher
C．teacher D．manager
解析：advertise 做廣告；cultivate 培育；discuss 討論；observe 觀察。根據下文“13 new varieties of wheat”可知，此處指培育小麥新品種。故選B。
解析：journalist 記者；researcher 研究者；teacher 教師；manager 經理。根據上文“who has spent the last 26 years __1__ 13 new varieties of wheat and contributing to national food security”可知，張道榮是一位研究小麥的研究員。故選B。
3．A.precise B．efficient
C．simple D．expensive
4．A.step B．attempt
C．method D．question
解析：句意：對新品種的研究需要嚴格的標準和精確的實驗。precise 精確的；efficient 高效的；simple 簡單的；expensive 昂貴的。此處呼應“strict standards”，指精確的實驗。故選A。
解析： step 步驟；attempt 企圖；method 方法；question 問題。根據下文“to find suitable parental types (親本類型) for a specific cultivation purpose”和常識可知，找到適合特定培養目的的親本類型是培育新品種的第一步。故選A。
5．A.encouragement B．support
C．management D．trial
6．A.choose B．continue
C．begin D．repeat
解析： encouragement 鼓勵；support 支持；management 管理；trial 試驗。根據常識可知，培育新品種需要經過(植物)幾代的試驗和選擇，才能選出最優品種。故選D。
解析： choose 選擇；continue 繼續；begin 開始；repeat 重復。結合上文提到選出最優品種和下文“a two year process of yield testing and disease identification”可知，接下來應開始產量測試和疾病識別。故選C。
7．A.practice B．application
C．appliance D．invitation
8．A.environment B．machine
C．farmland D．variety
解析： practice 練習；application 申請；appliance 家用電器；invitation 邀請。根據上文“And after several more rounds of tests”可知，幾輪測試合格后，可以申請評估。故選B。
解析： environment 環境；machine 機器；farmland 農田；variety 品種。根據上文“13 new varieties of wheat”可知，此處是指一個新的品種。故選D。
9．A.produce B．enhance
C．show D．develop
10．A.Besides B．However
C．Therefore D．Otherwise
解析： produce 生產，產生；enhance 加強；show 表明，表現；develop 發展。根據下文“good resistance to bad conditions”可知，此處指新品種應表現出良好的抵抗惡劣環境的能力。故選C。
解析：句意：此外，它也應該被市場所接受。besides 此外；however 然而；therefore 因此；otherwise 否則。結合句意可知，此處是對上文的補充說明。故選A。
11．A.watered B．bought
C．protected D．planted
12．A.reporting B．designing
C．conducting D．studying
解析：water 澆水；buy 購買；protect 保護；plant 種植。結合該團隊培育新品種的事實以及下文“70，000 to 80，000 seedlings (幼苗) each year”可知，此處是指每年種植7萬至8萬株幼苗。故選D。
解析： report 報道；design 設計；conduct 進行；study 學習，研究。根據下文“experiments on the growth of the new seedlings”可知，此處是指對新苗進行實驗，并進行記錄和分析。故選C。
13．A.tough B．normal
C．varied D．specific
14．A.end up B．let down
C．break up D．pay off
解析： tough 棘手的，艱難的；normal 正常的；varied 變化的；specific 具體的。根據下文中的“complicated”并結合上文提到他們一次又一次的試驗可知，農業研究是艱難且復雜的。故選A。
解析：end up 結束；let down 使失望；break up 破裂；pay off 獲得回報。根據上文“Agricultural research work is __13__ and complicated.”可知，農業研究的特點可能導致有時研究人員的付出是沒有回報的。故選D。
15．A.answers
B．comfort
C．dreams
D．courage
解析：answer 答案；comfort 安慰；dream 夢，夢想；courage 勇氣。上文提到有時付出可能沒有回報，再結合上文“think more, discuss more”可知，只能多思考，多討論，在土地上找到答案，即如何才能培育出優質的新品種的答案。故選A。
Ⅱ　閱讀
David Warren, born in 1925, had great interest in science and engineering from childhood, and was studying for his amateur radio (業余無線電) license when a World War Ⅱ ban on hobby radio forced him to redirect his efforts to chemistry sets. He went on to earn a B．S. from the University of Sydney and a PhD in chemistry from Imperial College London. He then spent three years as a science officer at the Woomera Rocket Range, before joining the Aeronautical Research Laboratories (ARL).
In 1953, the ARL assigned him to a panel investigating two crashes of airplanes. Warren found his mind wandering to a device he had seen at a trade fair: the Minifon, a German device that was marketed as the first pocket recorder. The device was intended for businessmen, but Warren began thinking how useful it would be for airplanes.
But when Warren described his new idea to his boss, he showed no enthusiasm. In 1955, he got a new boss named Tom Keeble, to whom he promoted the idea again. Keeble told Warren to outline specifications for a prototype (樣機). The ARL contracted with Theon “Tych” Mirfield, a Melbourne based instrument maker, to build the first working prototype, which was completed in 1958.
The response to the prototype was depressing. According to a 1998 account by Warren, civil authorities said that “Dr Warren's instrument has little immediate direct use in airplanes.” That critical reception might have affected the flight recorder. But Robert Hardingham, Secretary of the UK Air Registration Board, happened to see the prototype on an informal visit to the ARL, and he was so impressed that he arranged for Warren to fly to England to demonstrate it.
篇章導讀：本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了David Warren (戴維·沃倫)的學習經歷和工作經歷，還介紹了他發明飛行記錄儀的過程。
Back in Australia, the ARL assigned Warren a team to update the prototype. The ARL system itself was never patented and never went into production, but the British firm of S. Davall & Sons approached the ARL for the production rights. The Davall “red egg” accident recorder eventually won a large share of the flight data recording market.
1．What did Warren do according to Paragraph 1
A．He gained a PhD from the University of Sydney.
B．He showed interest in chemistry during childhood.
C．He gave up his hobby due to a wartime ban.
D．He worked as a science officer at the ARL.
解析：細節理解題。根據第一段中的“David Warren, born in 1925 ... his efforts to chemistry sets.(戴維·沃倫出生于1925年，從小就對科學和工程學感興趣，在攻讀業余無線電執照時，第二次世界大戰對業余無線電的禁令迫使他將精力轉向化學設備。)”可知，由于二戰時期的禁令，Warren被迫放棄愛好并轉而學習化學設備。故選C。
2．What inspired Warren to develop his flight recorder
A．A German designed machine for businessmen.
B．A battery powered device for airplanes.
C．The two crashes of airplanes.
D．The science fair of the ARL.
解析：細節理解題。根據第二段中的“Warren found his mind ... it would be for airplanes.”可知，這臺德國制造的給商人用的機器為他研發飛行記錄儀提供了靈感。故選A。
3．What was civil authorities' attitude toward Warren's flight recorder
A．Positive.
B．Unfavorable.
C．Contradictory.
D．Unclear.
解析：推理判斷題。根據第四段中的“According to a 1998 account ... direct use in airplanes.”可知，民政部門認為Warren的儀器在飛機上幾乎沒有直接用途，由此可推知，他們不支持Warren的飛行記錄儀。故選B。
4．What do we know about Warren's prototype
A．It was patented by the ARL in 1958.
B．It was designed by Theon “Tych” Mirfield.
C．It was updated by Robert Hardingham.
D．It was mass produced by a British company.
解析：推理判斷題。根據最后一段中的“The ARL system itself ... the flight data recording market.”可知，英國公司S. Davall & Sons取得了Warren飛行記錄儀原型機的生產權，并且贏得了飛行數據記錄市場的很大份額，由此可推知，是英國公司將原型機投入大批量生產的。故選D。
Ⅲ　語法填空
The traditional Chinese solar calendar divides the year into 24 solar terms. Major Cold, or Dahan in Chinese, is the 24th solar term. In 2024, it began on Jan.20 and ended on Feb.4. In this period, snow, rain __1__ icy cold weather have a big influence on people's lives.
Here __2__ (be) several interesting facts you might want to know about Major Cold.
During Major Cold, as the cold current moves southward, the weather is very cold. Although modern meteorological (氣象學的) observation shows that in some __3__ (region) of China, the weather during Major Cold is not colder than Minor Cold, the __4__ (low) temperatures of the whole year still occur in the Major Cold period.
Predatory birds, such as hawks and falcons, are busy __5__ (search) for food to gather energy to fight against the cold during this period of time.
In North China, as the weather is cold to the extreme and the ground __6__ (cover) with ice and snow, farmers usually take __7__ break and prepare for spring work. But people in the south continue farming as the field is not yet frozen.
__8__ (celebrate) Major Cold, people in Beijing eat “dispelling cold cake”， a kind of rice cake. In Chinese, “rice cake”， __9__ represents good luck and continuous promotion, has the same __10__ (pronounce) as the phrase “higher in a new year”．
篇章導讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了中國24節氣里的大寒。
1．________　2．________　3．________　4．________　5．________　
6．________　7．________　8．________　9．________　10．________
1．答案：and
2．答案：are
解析：考查連詞。句意：在這個時期，雪、雨和冰冷的天氣對人們的生活有很大的影響。下文icy cold weather與上文snow、rain是并列關系，應用并列連詞and連接。故填and。
解析：考查動詞的時態和主謂一致。此處描述一般事實，應用一般現在時；主語several interesting facts為復數。故填are。
3．答案：regions
4．答案：lowest
解析：考查名詞。此處應用名詞作介詞in的賓語，根據some可知，應用復數。故填regions。
解析：考查形容詞的最高級。根據the和of the whole year可知，此處應用形容詞的最高級作定語，修飾temperatures。故填lowest。
5．答案：searching
6．答案：is covered
解析：考查非謂語動詞。be busy doing sth “忙于做某事”，為固定搭配。故填searching。
解析：考查動詞的時態、語態和主謂一致。此處描述一般事實，應用一般現在時；動詞cover與主語the ground之間是被動關系，應用被動語態；主語the ground為單數。故填is covered。
7．答案：a
8．答案：To celebrate
解析：考查冠詞。短語take a break意為“休息一下”。故填a。
解析：考查非謂語動詞。此處應用動詞不定式作目的狀語，句首單詞首字母應大寫。故填To celebrate。
9．答案：which
10．答案：pronunciation
解析：考查定語從句的引導詞。設空處引導非限制性定語從句，先行詞是rice cake，指物，關系詞在從句中作主語，應用關系代詞which引導。故填which。
解析：考查詞性轉換。句意：在漢語中，“年糕”代表著好運和不斷的晉升，與“年高”的發音相同。根據設空前the same可知，設空處應用單數名詞，作動詞has的賓語。故填pronunciation。
精深閱讀
Nelson Mandela was born in South Africa on July 18, 1918 and he is the first Black president of South Africa. Mandela was awarded the Nobel Prize for Peace in 1993.
In 1944, Mandela joined the African National Congress (ANC) and became a leader of its Youth League. That same year he married Evelyn Ntoko Mase. In 1952, Mandela established South Africa's first Black law practice. From 1964 to 1982 Mandela was kept at Robben Island Prison. He was then kept at the Pollsmoor Prison until 1990, when, after being treated for bad health, he was moved to the Victor Verster Prison. Throughout his incarceration between 1964 and 1990, Mandela gained wide support among South Africa's Black people.
On February 11, 1990, the South African government set Mandela free from prison. Shortly after gaining freedom, Mandela was chosen deputy president (副總統) of the ANC and he became president of the party in July 1991.
In April, 1994, the Mandela－led ANC won South Africa's first election and on May 10, Mandela became president of the country. Mandela gave up his post with the ANC in December 1997. After leaving office, Mandela retired from active politics but maintained a strong international presence as an advocate of peace and social justice.
Mandela Day was created to honour his contributions to promoting peace and justice around the world. It was first observed on July 18, 2009. Later that year the United Nations declared that the day would be observed every year as Nelson Mandela International Day. Mandela's writings were collected in I Am Prepared to Die (1964), No Easy Walk to Freedom (1965), The Struggle Is My Life (1978), and In His Own Words (2003). The book Long Walk to Freedom, which records his early life and years in prison, was published in 1994.
篇章導讀：本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要介紹了南非總統Nelson Mandela (納爾遜·曼德拉)的生平。
1．What does the underlined word “incarceration” in Paragraph 2 mean
A．Being free.
B．Being on duty.
C．Being independent.
D．Being behind bars.
解析：詞義猜測題。根據畫線詞上文“From 1964 to 1982 Mandela ... Victor Verster Prison.”可知，從1964年到1990年，Mandela一直被關在監獄里。由此可推知，畫線詞所在句意為“在1964年至1990年的監禁期間，Mandela獲得了南非黑人的廣泛支持”，因此incarceration意為“監禁”。故選D。
2．Which is the right order of the following events about Nelson Mandela
①He became president of South Africa.
②He joined the African National Congress.
③He was kept at Robben Island Prison.
④He was moved to the Victor Verster Prison.
⑤He established the first Black law practice.
A．⑤②③④① B．②⑤③④①
C．③⑤②④① D．④②⑤③①
解析：細節理解題。根據第二段內容可知，Mandela于1944年加入非洲國民大會，于1952年建立了第一個黑人法律機構，1964年到1982年被關在羅本島監獄，1990年被轉移到Victor Verster監獄；根據倒數第二段第一句可知，1994年5月Mandela成為南非總統。故選B。
3．What do we know about Mandela Day
A．It was first celebrated in 2009.
B．It was only observed in communities.
C．It was created by Nelson Mandela.
D．It was prohibited by the United Nations.
解析：細節理解題。根據最后一段中的“Mandela Day ... International Day.”可知，首次慶祝曼德拉日是在2009年。故選A。
4．What is the purpose of the text
A．To celebrate Mandela Day.
B．To introduce Nelson Mandela.
C．To advertise Nelson Mandela's writings.
D．To explain social problems in South Africa.
解析：推理判斷題。通讀全文，尤其根據第一段內容可推知，本文的主要目的是介紹Nelson Mandela。故選B。
授予
(一)學習重點詞匯
1．award(第一段)
把某物授予某人
獎品
因……而贏得/得到/獲得獎品
給某人頒獎
2．contribution(第五段)
contribution n. __________________________________________→contribute v. ____________________________→contributor n. _______________________________
3．observe(第五段)
熟義 v. ___________________ They observed how the parts of the machine fitted together.
他們_______了機器零件的組裝過程。
生義 vt. ______________ Do they observe the Spring Festival in that country？
那個國家的人_______春節嗎？
vt. __________________ You are supposed to observe the laws of the land while staying there.
在那個國家期間，你要_______當地的法律。
貢獻，促成作用；捐款
捐贈；(為……)做貢獻；促成
捐贈者，作出貢獻者；促成因素
看到；觀察到；注意到
觀看
慶祝(節日)
慶祝
遵守(規則、法律等)
遵守
(二)不看原文，請嘗試將圖中內容補充完整
first
prison
1994
Nelson Mandela
International Day
(三)翻譯并背誦佳句
The book Long Walk to Freedom, which records his early life and years in prison, was published in 1994.
__________________________________________________________________
1994年出版的《漫漫自由路》記錄了他的早年生活和獄中歲月。

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