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Section Ⅱ　Grammar and usage
維度一：基礎題型練
判斷下面短文中句首標序號的類型并將其歸類。
　　①International students can’t often return home for the holidays， but Brock University is among schools in Canada with programs that help keep their spirits alive during their time off.②Brock hosts winter programs that reach out to students who may feel alone or detached （分離的） from their families so that they can enjoy warm meals and share holiday traditions.
　　In 2021， Brock had about 1，900 international students.③The school’s international office said hundreds of them often remain in Canada for the holidays.④Being away from home can get quite tough at times； however， occasions like this make them feel at home.
　　Harsh Patel， a Master of Business Administration student， was born in Kenya and grew up in India.⑤Last year， he couldn’t return home， with the high cost of plane tickets and just a two-week break between terms.Therefore， he took part in Brock’s Home for the holiday program， which started in 2010 and has since become an annual program.⑥As part of the program， faculty （全體教師） members host events for students， whether it be a movie night， tea time or a Christmas dinner party.
1.簡單句：　　　
2.并列句：　　　
3.主從復合句：　　　
4.并列主從復合句：　　　
維度二：語法與寫作
根據漢語提示完成下列句子。
1.I don’t believe her， 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
我不相信她，盡管她說的是真的。
2.He didn’t sign up for the interview， 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
他沒有報名參加面試，這使他失去了一份高薪工作。
3.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　， we should spare some time for our family every day.
不管多忙，我們都應該每天給家人騰出些時間來。
4.My hairstyle hasn’t changed much 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
從5歲起我的發型一直沒大變化。
5.You had better take a taxi 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
你最好打車，否則你會遲到的。
6.　　　　　　　　　　　　 travelling broadens one’s horizons and increases one’s knowledge.
毫無疑問，旅行使人開闊眼界，增長知識。
7.　　　　　　　　　　　　 at the foot of the mountain.
山腳下有一個小池塘。
維度三：語法與語篇
閱讀下面短文，用適當的連詞填空。
　　Knowledge economy age is an age 1.　　　　　 new knowledge emerges much faster than ever before.Therefore， everyone should renew his or her knowledge， 2.　　　　　　 he or she will be left behind in the society.
　　There 3. 　　　　　　（be） some ways to update knowledge.On the one hand， one can attend different courses at all types of schools， either part-time 4.　　　　　　 full-time.On the other hand， self-study is a more convenient and practical method by 5.　　　　　　 one can effectively renew his or her knowledge.
　　6.　　　　　　 I am busy doing daily work， I still insist on teaching myself at night.In this way， I can not only keep up with the swift development of society 7.　　　　　　 also apply new knowledge to my practical work， 8.　　　　　　 benefits me a lot.
Ⅰ.閱讀理解
A
　　Museums have long tried to straddle （橫跨） the line between being educational institutions and being spaces recognized for their high-class exhibits and collections， but a new industry trend may help change the way the general public interacts with museums.
　　On paper， the museum created by MICRO doesn’t seem as if it would make a splash.MICRO’s first exhibit space is tiny — about the size of a vending machine （自動售貨機） — and highly specialized.It focuses entirely on one subject： mollusks （軟體動物）.So why has it earned high praise from almost everyone？
　　This museum-in-a-box， created by MICRO founders Amanda Schochet and Charles Philipp， has some attention-drawing aspects.Its contents include a 3D-printed octopus （章魚） brain and videos of various other mollusk species.In order to explain the unique sensory capabilities of species like an octopus， the creators used tiny human figures with sensory receptors all over their body， in roughly the same places as mollusks.The design of the mollusk museum is undeniably creative， but the most innovative characteristic might be its location.Because of its size， the museum can be moved quickly and easily using nothing more than a standard-sized SUV.The first box started its run at the main branch of the Brooklyn Public Library.The placement of this first box in one of the “other” boroughs （區） of New York was not random.MICRO seeks to make exhibits more accessible in places with fewer museums.In addition to the library， the organization has installed or plans to install boxes in community centers and in the Ronald McDonald House， among other places.
　　By downsizing its exhibits， MICRO seems to be changing the way that people interact with museums.“We believe that informal learning environments， like the Ronald McDonald House， can be incredibly powerful because of the element of surprise and the element of discovery，” said Charles Philipp.
1.What does the underlined part “make a splash” in Paragraph 2 mean？（　　）
A.Provide useful advice.
B.Promote a good deed.
C.Earn a large profit.
D.Draw much attention.
2.What does the author intend to do in Paragraph 3？（　　）
A.Explain the question asked in the previous paragraph.
B.Provide the motivation for writing the text.
C.Introduce a new topic for discussion.
D.Add some background information.
3.Where is MICRO more likely to install its museums？（　　）
A.In places that are thinly-populated.
B.In places with few community centers.
C.In places where many mollusks gather.
D.In places with a small number of museums.
4.What is the best title for the text？（　　）
A.Big Ideas， Tiny Museums
B.Museums， Where Learning Occurs
C.Informal Learning， Good Learning
D.MICRO， Where You Encounter Mollusks
B
　　It’s no secret that college is expensive.I received financial aid， and I was able to cover the cost of enrollment， books， supplies， course materials， and additional school-related fees.But I could not afford housing， transportation， food， healthcare， or other basic necessities.The longer each semester went on， the harder the choices became.
　　When spring semester ended that first year at college， I had good grades， but I did not have two quarters to my name.I decided that if I could afford to be a full-time student， I would need to work a full-time job.Soon， I started working at the airport as a cleaner of aircraft cabins.My first shift at the airport was a graveyard shift， where I detailed aircraft of varying sizes.During this total night shift， I had to do “deep cleaning”， which meant cleaning everything and even I had to check every safety compartment and replace any missing items.This could be disgusting work.
　　Another fact that upset me a lot was that working at the airport and going to school did not fit easily together.Some days I was too exhausted after a night shift to get to class.Other days I didn’t have time to complete school assignments owing to a busy workday.At the end of the fall semester， I received a final warning for my attendance at my job.Once again， I was between a rock and a hard place and had to make a decision.I wanted to go to school and excel， but I had also grown accustomed to financially supporting myself.
　　Ultimately， I chose to temporarily stop going to school and to continue working， a decision I would later regret.The airline closed for various reasons.I felt stupid.I had put a lot into this job， even sacrificing my education， and now I would have neither job nor education.I’d finally learned what my grandmother meant when she once said that your job is temporary， and your education is forever.
5.What can we infer about the author from Paragraph 1？（　　）
A.He met with a long boring semester.
B.Food accounted for his biggest expense.
C.He left himself financially embarrassed.
D.His financial aid could cover his necessities.
6.What does the underlined word “detailed” in Paragraph 2 most probably mean？（　　）
A.Cleaned. B.Listed.
C.Repaired. D.Replaced.
7.Which of the following best describes the author in Paragraph 3？（　　）
A.Confused. B.Critical.
C.Decisive. D.Diligent.
8.What is conveyed in the text？（　　）
A.He who makes no mistakes makes nothing.
B.Nothing is difficult to the man who will try.
C.One should be financially supported by himself.
D.The significance of schooling should be recognised.
Ⅱ.閱讀七選五
　　Whether you’re in high school or college， classes will be over in a few short months.If you’d like to work this summer， have you started looking for a job？ If not， now’s the time to search for positions， fill out applications， and get yourself hired.To get the process started， follow our tips below.
　　 Make or update your resume （簡歷）.Even if potential positions require you to submit an application， some may also ask for an accompanying resume. 9.（　　） You can also use free online tools to easily create a resume in minutes.
　　 Look ahead.10.（　　） Think forward to your hopes for the future， and try to find a position that might help you develop relevant skills or make helpful contacts.
　　 Drop by.If there’s a certain place where you’re interested in working， put on an appropriate outfit （裝束）， get your resume in hand， and drop by.11.（　　） Be ready to give your 30-second speech that answers two questions：“Why do you want to work here？” and “Why should I hire you？”
　　 12.（　　） You might need to provide references to a potential employer， so chat with former bosses， current mentors （導師）， and anyone else you want to include on your list.
　　Remember， it’s important to get started on the summer job search now， as so many others will be looking for seasonal work.13.（　　） Keep looking for opportunities， using your networks， and thinking creatively.Soon you’ll have something lined up to keep you busy and earn you money for the summer months.
A.Get your references lined up.
B.Ask to speak with the manager.
C.Contact former employers immediately.
D.What do you want to do after you graduate from college？
E.It might make sense for you to stay in your college town or city.
F.Drop by the career services office at your school for resume help.
G.And don’t get discouraged if you can’t find something immediately.
Ⅲ.完形填空
　　Two afternoons a week， Mikala Tardy walks six blocks from Eastern High School to Payne Elementary School.She 　14　 at the front desk just after 3：30 p.m.and makes her way to a 　15　， where she’ll be teaching second-and third-graders who are full of energy after the school day.
　　Mikala， a senior at Eastern High， 　16　 this work back in the ninth grade.It’s run by Reach， a Washington， D.C.nonprofit， that trains high school 　17　 like her to be reading tutors for elementary school students.It’s a tutoring program that works in two 　18　.It’s serving a vital need in the city： Two-thirds of students in D.C.public schools can’t 　19　 and write at grade level when they start high school.Reach 　20　 these older students to become better readers — by giving them the tools to teach younger kids.
　　Tutoring programs that 　21　 younger and older students are 　22　.But most rely on 　23　 students.Reach turns the 　24　 on its head： Most of the teenage tutors start the 　25　 reading between the fourth-and sixth-grade level.The tutors 　26　 training in literacy （讀寫能力） instruction and they’re 　27　 as role models.Mikala Tardy says she 　28　 reading a lot more than she did when she started almost four years ago.
14.（　）A.checks out B.wakes up
C.sits down D.signs in
15.（　）A.park B.classroom
C.hospital D.library
16.（　）A.reported B.left
C.began D.created
17.（　）A.teachers B.students
C.players D.foreigners
18.（　）A.schools B.communities
C.periods D.directions
19.（　）A.paint B.speak
C.read D.sing
20.（　）A.forces B.helps
C.asks D.reminds
21.（　）A.turn down B.pay back
C.pair up D.look into
22.（　）A.common B.interesting
C.annoying D.ambitious
23.（　）A.full-grown B.so-called
C.high-achieving D.fun-loving
24.（　）A.idea B.excuse
C.habit D.question
25.（　）A.test B.competition
C.meeting D.program
26.（　）A.refuse B.receive
C.offer D.discover
27.（　）A.positioned B.corrected
C.protected D.included
28.（　）A.enjoys B.suggests
C.explains D.imagines
Ⅳ.語法填空
　　Professor Stephen McNair has spent half a lifetime proving that it’s better to be happy than rich， a state best 29.　　　　　　 （achieve） through lifelong learning.
　　84-year-old Jim Kelly has in recent years devoted himself to learning a wide range 30.　　　　　　 subjects — everything from gardening to history.After school days interrupted by poverty， his impetus （動力） to study came from his granddaughter Becky 31.　　　　　　， as a two-year-old， grew frustrated （挫敗的） with his inability 32.　　　　　　 （answer） her questions.“Don’t you know anything grandad？” she would ask.Now， 14 years later， he tells 33.　　　　　　 teenager he’s pleased she asked that question.
　　Maria Tolly is a 78-year-old Londoner.In 1989， health problems spelled an end to her career as a professional guitarist， until her commitment to making music 34.　　　　　　 （restore） by specialist music technology courses at Morley College London and the City Lit.“Studying at both institutions has proved that age is 35.　　　　　　 （relevant） — I feel so connected to life thanks to a 36.　　　　　　 （combine） of forgetting my age and realising how much I still have to learn.” Soon she had job opportunities 37.　　　　　　 （range） from after-school dance groups to composing a song for the 100th anniversary （周年紀念日） of her local park.
McNair says that in all the guidance about wellbeing， education is central， and it is 38.　　　　 （particular） important for those in the latter stages of life.
Section Ⅱ　Grammar and usage
基礎知識自測
維度一
1.⑤　2.④　3.②③⑥　4.①
維度二
1.while what she said is true
2.which cost him a well-paid job
3.However/No matter how busy we are
4.since I was five
5.or you will be late
6.There is no doubt that
7.There is a small pool
維度三
1.when　2.otherwise/or　3.are　4.or　5.which
6.Although/Though/While　7.but　8.which
素養能力提升
Ⅰ.
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了美國一家公司研發的微型博物館，旨在讓更多人有機會參觀博物館，讓學習在不經意間發生。
1.D　詞義猜測題。第三段首句銜接第二段內容，make a splash與第二段末句中的earned high praise from almost everyone及第三段首句中的has some attention-drawing aspects意義相近，意為“引起很大關注”。
2.A　推理判斷題。作者在第二段末句提出問題：到底是什么讓該博物館贏得大眾的普遍贊譽？第三段是為解釋該問題服務的；第三段談到該博物館為了向人們解釋軟體動物的奧秘下了大功夫，還談到其選址的獨特性：由于規格較小，可以隨時移動，可在公共機構設置此類博物館。
3.D　細節理解題。根據第三段中的MICRO seeks to make exhibits more accessible in places with fewer museums.可知，MICRO選址時更傾向于考慮博物館比較少的地方，以滿足這些區域的人們對展覽的需求。
4.A　標題歸納題。文章介紹了MICRO公司的微型博物館，旨在讓更多人有機會參觀博物館，讓學習在不經意間發生。A項作標題最能概括文意。A項中的Tiny Museums指MICRO公司開發的這種自動售貨機大小的博物館，Big Ideas指MICRO公司的愿景。
語篇解讀：本文是一篇記敘文。為了負擔得起成為一名全日制學生，作者開始做一份全職工作，結果因為出勤率問題收到了最后一次警告，只能選擇暫時停止上學，繼續工作。后來公司關閉了，作者為自己的決定感到后悔。
5.C　推理判斷題。根據第一段內容可知，作者得到了經濟援助，能夠負擔得起入學費用、書籍、用品、課程材料和其他與學校相關的費用，但負擔不起住房、交通、食物、醫療和其他基本生活必需品。由此可推知，作者在經濟上陷入困境。
6.A　詞義猜測題。根據畫線詞上文可知，作者很快開始在機場做飛機客艙清潔工，因此在機場的第一個夜班，作者就要清理各種大小的飛機。由此可知，畫線詞意為“清理”。
7.A　推理判斷題。根據第三段內容可知，在機場工作和上學不太容易兼顧。在秋季學期結束時，作者因為出勤率問題收到了最后一次警告。作者又一次處于進退兩難的境地，不得不作出決定。作者想去上學，取得優異成績，但也已經習慣了在經濟上養活自己。由此可推知，作者很困惑。
8.D　推理判斷題。根據最后一段內容可知，作者為工作付出了很多，甚至犧牲了自己的教育，現在作者將既沒有工作也沒有教育。作者終于明白了祖母曾經說過的一句話：你的工作是暫時的，而你所受的教育是永遠的。由此可推知，學校教育的重要性應該得到承認。
Ⅱ.
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章為有意打暑期工的學生提供了一些建議。
9.F　根據本段主題句可知，本段內容圍繞resume 展開。設空處下一句中的also提示設空處與空后一句為遞進關系，F項（去學校職業服務中心尋求簡歷方面的幫助）及設空處下一句“你也可以使用免費的網絡工具輕松創建一份簡歷”為制作簡歷的兩種方法。故F項符合語境。
10.D　根據本段小標題及設空處下一句可知，本段圍繞畢業之后正式就業的事情展開。D項（你大學畢業后想要做什么？）與本段主題相符，建議讀者在找暑期工作時，應該將眼光放長遠些，最好找對以后正式就業有幫助的職位，為以后的正式就業打基礎。
11.B　設空處上一句中的drop by、B項、設空處下一句中的give your 30-second speech為按照時間順序發生的三個動作，這一連串動作將上下文銜接起來。
12.A　設空處為本段小標題，結合本段內容可知，本段圍繞“工作推薦人、介紹人”展開。A項符合語境。A項中的references與本段中的references構成原詞復現；本段中的former bosses、current mentors是references的具體人選。
13.G　G項中的can’t find something immediately與設空處下一句中的Keep looking for opportunities形成反義關系，將上下文銜接起來。
Ⅲ.
語篇解讀：本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述了高中生教小學生閱讀，在此過程中，雙方的閱讀水平都得到了提升。
14.D　根據下文the front desk和she’ll be teaching second-and third-graders可知，Mikala在前臺登記后，走到教室。
15.B　參見上題解析。
16.C　根據上文a senior at Eastern High和下文back in the ninth grade可知，Mikala現在是高中生，因此她從九年級開始這份工作。末段中的when she started almost four years ago也是提示。
17.B　根據上文Mikala， a senior at Eastern High和空后的like her可知，這里指像Mikala一樣的高中生。
18.D　根據空后兩句可知，這是兩個方面，表示Reach這個非營利機構既幫助讀寫能力差的學生，與此同時也讓教他們的老師（高年級的學生）受益。
19.C　根據上文to be reading tutors for elementary school students可知，此處指華盛頓特區公立學校三分之二的學生在上高中時，不具備與年級水平相對應的閱讀或寫作能力。
20.B　破折號后的by giving them the tools to teach younger kids解釋說明其前的內容，因此，Reach幫助這些高年級學生成為更好的閱讀者。這里體現的是“教學相長”的思想，即教別人的同時也提升了自己。
21.C　根據上文trains high school ...to be reading tutors for elementary school students可知，很顯然，這里的教師項目是將低年級和高年級學生進行配對。
22.A　根據該空后的But most以及接下來介紹Reach的不同做法可知，類似這種配對的教師項目很常見。
23.C　下文Most of the teenage tutors ...reading between the fourth-and sixth-grade level.是解答本題的關鍵信息，同類項目中的青少年教師都成績優秀，而Reach開展的這個項目中，所選的青少年教師本身閱讀水平并不高，因此四個選項中只有high-achieving與之構成對比，符合語境。
24.A　冒號后的內容具體介紹Reach的做法。turn sth on its head意為“顛倒某事物預期的順序”。
25.D　根據上文this work、a tutoring program、Tutoring programs可知，此處指這個教師項目。
26.B　根據tutors和training并結合上文trains high school ...可知，這些教師都是高中生，且閱讀水平并不是很高，因此他們要接受讀寫能力指導的培訓。
27.A　根據下文role models可知，這些教師被定位為榜樣。
28.A　reading a lot more than she did when she started almost four years ago是Mikala Tardy參加這個教師項目以來的變化和收獲，由此可知，她比之前更喜歡閱讀了。
Ⅳ.
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了學習給老年人帶來的積極影響。
29.achieved　考查非謂語動詞。設空處作后置定語修飾a state，又因achieve與a state之間是邏輯上的動賓關系，故填achieved。
30.of　考查固定搭配。a wide range of是固定搭配，表示“范圍廣泛的”。故填of。
31.that/who　考查定語從句。設空處引導限制性定語從句，指代先行詞his granddaughter Becky，且在從句中作主語，故填that/who。
32.to answer　考查非謂語動詞。one’s inability to do sth是固定搭配，表示“某人不能做某事”，故填to answer。
33.the　考查冠詞。設空處表示特指，the teenager特指上文中提到的his granddaughter Becky，故填定冠詞the。
34.was restored　考查動詞的時態和語態。根據設空處前的In 1989可知，設空處應用一般過去時，又因her commitment to making music與restore之間為被動關系，故填was restored。
35.irrelevant　考查詞形轉換。設空處在句中作表語，且根據語境可以推斷出設空處應表示“無關的，不相干的”，故填irrelevant。
bination　考查名詞。設空處前有冠詞修飾，設空處后為介詞of，故填名詞combination。
37.ranging　考查非謂語動詞。設空處為range from ...to ...結構，作后置定語，修飾名詞短語job opportunities，且job opportunities與range之間是邏輯上的主謂關系，故填ranging。
38.particularly　考查詞形轉換。設空處作狀語，修飾形容詞important，應用副詞，表示“特別地，尤其”，故填particularly。
6 / 6Section Ⅱ　Grammar and usage
復雜句分析
閱讀下列句子并思考各個句子的類型。
1.Vocational education is not a new idea.
2.It generally prepares people to work in a specific occupation by teaching theory in the classroom and offering hands-on training in the workplace.
3.Vocational education is no less important than academic education because it can qualify applicants to work in a particular field.
4.In today’s rapidly developing society， vocational education is becoming more and more valuable and it gives applicants an advantage in the job market.
5.For example， motor repair is one field that allows for such career development.
6.According to one vocational school student， they are now encouraged to “learn by doing” and “learn through trial and error”， and they focus more on how to complete an assignment rather than just memorizing what teachers say in class.
【我的發現】
以上例句中，句　　　為簡單句；句　　　　為并列句；句　　　為主從復合句；句　　　為并列主從復合句。
　　英語中的句子按照句子結構可分為四類：簡單句、并列句、主從復合句和并列主從復合句。
一、簡單句
含有一個主謂結構的句子稱為簡單句。有時，簡單句包含很多修飾語，這使句子變得很長。要準確理解句子，需要厘清句子的結構，找到主語和謂語。
主謂：主語＋ 謂語（SV） The rain stopped.雨停了。 　主語　 謂語
主謂賓：主 語＋謂語＋ 賓語（SVO） He　enjoys　reading. 主語　謂語　 賓語　 他喜歡讀書。
主系表：主語＋連系 動詞＋表語（SVP） This　is　an English-Chinese dictionary. 主語 連系動詞　　　表語 這是一本英漢詞典。
主謂賓賓：主語＋謂 語＋間接賓語＋直 接賓語（SVOO） My mother bought me　a dictionary. 　主語　　謂語 間接 賓語 直接賓語 我媽媽給我買了一本詞典。
主謂賓補： 主語＋謂 語＋賓語 ＋賓語補 語（SVOC） They painted the door　green. 主語　 謂語　 賓語 　賓語補語 他們把門刷成了綠色。 He　 asked　 me　to come back soon. 主語 謂語　賓語　　賓語補語 他讓我快點回來。 I　heard　 him　singing a song. 主語 謂語　 賓語　賓語補語 我聽到他在唱歌。
主謂狀：主 語＋謂語＋ 狀語（SVA） The sun rises in the east. 　主語　謂語　 狀語 太陽從東方升起。
主謂賓狀：主語＋謂語＋賓語＋狀語 （SVOA） He　put the coffee on the table. 主語 謂語　 賓語　　 狀語 他把咖啡放在了桌子上。
存現句：引導詞there 引導的句子 There are many customers in the shop. 　　謂語　　主語　　　　狀語 商店里有很多顧客。
【即時演練1】　寫出下列句子的句子結構
①What he said does not matter. 　　　　　
②His parents have worked in the company for ten years. 　　　　　
③They haven’t decided when and where to hold the party. 　　　　　
④The old couple seemed very happy together. 　　　　　
⑤There are 45 students in our class. 　　　　　
⑥I want to have a cup of tea very much. 　　　　　
⑦She cooked her husband a delicious meal. 　　　　　　
二、并列句
并列句是指由并列連詞連接的兩個或更多的分句構成的句子，常見的并列連詞有 and、or、but 等。要準確理解并列句，需要找到并列連詞，弄清楚各分句之間的關系。
連詞 舉例
并列關系 and、both ...and、as well as、not only ...but （also）、neither ...nor
轉折關系 but、however、while、still、yet
選擇關系 or、whether ...or、either ...or 、 not ...but
因果關系 for、so/so that、therefore、because
固定句式 祈使句＋and/or＋陳述句；when作并列連詞，意為“這時，那時”
The sky suddenly went dark and it started to rain.（并列關系）
天空驟然轉暗，隨即下起雨來。
I’d asked everybody but only two people came.（轉折關系）
每個人我都請了，卻只來了兩個人。
Take the chance， or you will regret it.（轉折關系）
抓住這個機會，否則你會后悔的。
You’d better take an umbrella， for it is going to rain.（因果關系）
你最好帶把傘，因為要下雨了。
He was about to go to school when a strong wind began to blow.（be about to do ...when ）
他正要去上學，這時突然刮起了大風。
Hurry up， or you’ll be late again.（祈使句＋or＋陳述句）
快點，否則你會再遲到。
【即時演練2】　選詞填空（and， but， or， so， while， for）
①I was glad to meet Jenny again， 　　　　I didn’t want to spend all day with her.
②Think it over， 　　　　　　you’ll find a way out.
③One day， I was late， 　　　　　　my teacher was angry.
④He fell in love with the girl 　　　　　　he was on a visit to New York.
⑤They have different ideas， 　　　　　　they have solved the problem in different ways.
三、主從復合句
主從復合句是指含有從句的復合句。要準確理解主從復合句，需要分析句子結構，找到主句和從句，并識別從句的種類。
類型 分類 例句
定語 從句 限制性定 語從句 Those who want to go please sign their names here. 想去的人請在這里簽名。
非限制性 定語從句 We will put off the outing until the next week， when we won’t be so busy. 我們將把郊游推遲到下周，那時我們就不那么忙了。
名 詞 性 從 句 主語從句 Whether he will come or not is still unknown. 他是否會來還不知道。
賓語從句 Please tell me whether or not you agree with him. 請告訴我你是否同意他（的觀點）。
表語從句 This is where I don’t agree. 這是我不贊同的地方。
同位語 從句 I have no idea when she will be back. 我不知道她會什么時候回來。
狀 語 從 句 時間狀 語從句 I met him when I was walking in the park. 我在公園里散步時遇到了他。
原因狀 語從句 Now that you are all here， let’s try and reach a decision. 既然你們都來了，讓我們試著作出決定。
目的狀 語從句 We sent the letter by air mail in order that it might reach them in good time. 我們用航空郵件郵寄這封信，以便他們能及時收到。
類型 分類 例句
狀 語 從 句 結果狀 語從句 Bring it near so that I may see it better. 把它拿近一點，好讓我看得更清楚。
條件狀 語從句 As long as we don’t lose heart， we will find a way to overcome the difficulty. 只要我們不泄氣，就會找到克服困難的方法。
讓步狀 語從句 Though we fight like cat and dog， we still love each other. 雖然我們像貓狗一樣打架，但我們仍然彼此相愛。
比較狀 語從句 She is still as active as she used to be. 她仍然像以前一樣活躍。
方式狀 語從句 He speaks as if there were a frog in his throat. 他說起話來好像喉嚨里有只青蛙。
四、并列主從復合句
有些句子既包括并列分句，又含有從句，我們稱之為并列主從復合句。要準確理解這種復雜的句子，需要分析句子結構，弄清楚各分句以及主從句之間的邏輯關系。
（1）Some people know what they want to do from a young age， but more people just have a few ideas bouncing around in their heads.
有的人年輕時就清楚自己想做什么，但更多的人往往是只有一些想法在腦子里晃來晃去。
句式分析：這是由轉折連詞but連接的并列主從復合句，表達前后兩種情況的對比。前半部分是“主謂賓狀”結構，其中含有what引導的賓語從句；后半部分是“主謂賓”結構，其中的bouncing around in their heads作后置定語修飾ideas。
（2）But by any criteria this work is worth it to us as well， because it shows that we are global citizens interested in world stability， and that we feel responsible for others and are ready to build a community with a shared future for mankind.
但以任何標準來看，這項工作對我們都是值得的；因為它表明，我們是關注世界穩定的全球公民，我們對他人負有責任，我們為構建人類命運共同體作好了準備。
句式分析：這是一個并列主從復合句。第一層從because分開，前面的主句為“主系表”結構，because后面直到句尾是一個“主謂賓”結構的原因狀語從句，用來說明“這項工作對我們都是值得的”的理由。第二層，原因狀語從句內部包含兩個由that引導的賓語從句，作show的賓語。第三層，兩個that引導的賓語從句是并列關系，也都是“主系表”結構。
【即時演練3】　完成句子
①Wuhan lies 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
武漢位于長江和漢水匯合處。
②　　　　　　　　　　　　， I do it.
因為我喜歡，所以我才干。
③　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　， he always disagrees.
無論我建議什么，他總是不同意。
④He acted 　　　　　　　　　　　　.
他裝得似乎什么事也未發生過。
⑤I ask him 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
我問他我們什么時候去動物園，但他不知道。
occupation n.工作，職業；消遣；侵占，占領期；使用
【教材原句】　It generally prepares people to work in a specific occupation by teaching theory in the classroom and offering hands-on training in the workplace.
它通常通過在課堂上教授理論和在工作場所提供實踐培訓，讓人們在特定職業中工作作好準備。
【用法】
（1）occupy vt.　　占用，使用；占領，侵占；使忙于 occupy oneself （in） doing sth/with sth 忙著做某事/忙于某事 （2）occupied adj. 已被占用的；無空閑的；在使用中的；被占領的 be occupied （in） doing sth/with sth 忙著做某事/忙于某事
【佳句】　What do you imagine will be your future occupation？
你認為自己將來會從事什么職業呢？
One of his occupations is fishing， which occupies most of his spare time.他的業余活動之一是釣魚，這占用了他大部分的空閑時間。
【聯想】　表示“忙于做某事”的其他表達
be busy doing sth、be busy with sth、be engaged in doing sth
【練透】　單句語法填空
①　　　　　　 （occupy） with my assignments， I can’t go shopping with mother this morning.
②Choosing an 　　　　　　（occupy） takes time， and there are a lot of things you have to think about.
【寫美】　句式升級
③Because they were occupied （in） making and selling popcorn， they spared no time to play around.
→　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　， they spared no time to play around.（動詞-ing短語作狀語）
→　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　， they spared no time to play around.（過去分詞短語作狀語）
Section Ⅱ　Grammar and usage
【重難語法·要攻克】
我的發現
1、2　4　3、5　6
即時演練1
①SV　②SVA　③SVO　④SVP　⑤存現句　⑥SVOA　⑦SVOO
即時演練2
①but　②and　③and　④while　⑤so
即時演練3
①where the Yangtze River and the Han River meet
②Because I like it　③Whatever/No matter what I suggest　④as if/though nothing had happened　⑤when we’ll go to the zoo， but he doesn’t know
【核心知識·巧突破】
　①Occupied　②occupation　③Occupying themselves （in） making and selling popcorn； Occupied （in） making and selling popcorn
5 / 6(共88張PPT)
Section Ⅱ　Grammar and usage
1
重難語法·要攻克
目 錄
2
核心知識·巧突破
3
課時檢測·提能力
重難語法 · 要攻克
掌握核心語法
1
復雜句分析
閱讀下列句子并思考各個句子的類型。
1. Vocational education is not a new idea.
2. It generally prepares people to work in a specific occupation by
teaching theory in the classroom and offering hands-on training in the
workplace.
3. Vocational education is no less important than academic education
because it can qualify applicants to work in a particular field.
4. In today’s rapidly developing society， vocational education is
becoming more and more valuable and it gives applicants an advantage
in the job market.
5. For example， motor repair is one field that allows for such career
development.
6. According to one vocational school student， they are now encouraged
to “learn by doing” and “learn through trial and error”， and they
focus more on how to complete an assignment rather than just
memorizing what teachers say in class.
【我的發現】
以上例句中，句 為簡單句；句 為并列句；句
為主從復合句；句 為并列主從復合句。
1、2　
4　
3、5　
6　
　　英語中的句子按照句子結構可分為四類：簡單句、并列句、主從
復合句和并列主從復合句。
一、簡單句
含有一個主謂結構的句子稱為簡單句。有時，簡單句包含很多修飾
語，這使句子變得很長。要準確理解句子，需要厘清句子的結構，找
到主語和謂語。
主謂：主語＋謂語
（SV） The rain stopped.雨停了。
　主語　 謂語
主謂賓：主語＋謂
語＋賓語（SVO） He　enjoys　reading.
主語　謂語　 賓語　
他喜歡讀書。
主系表：主語＋連
系動詞＋表語
（SVP） This　is　an English-Chinese dictionary.
主語 連系動詞　　　表語
這是一本英漢詞典。
主謂賓賓：主語＋
謂語＋間接賓語＋
直接賓語
（SVOO） My mother bought me　a dictionary.
　主語　　謂語 間接賓語 直接賓語
我媽媽給我買了一本詞典。
主謂賓補：主語＋
謂語＋賓語＋賓語
補語（SVOC） They painted the door　green.
主語　 謂語　 賓語 　賓語補語
他們把門刷成了綠色。
He　 asked　 me　to come back soon.
主語 謂語　賓語　　賓語補語
他讓我快點回來。
I　heard　 him　singing a song.
主語 謂語　 賓語　賓語補語
我聽到他在唱歌。
主謂狀：主語＋謂語＋
狀語（SVA） The sun rises in the east.
　主語　謂語　 狀語
太陽從東方升起。
主謂賓狀：主語＋謂語
＋賓語＋狀語
（SVOA） He　put the coffee on the table.
主語 謂語　 賓語　　 狀語
他把咖啡放在了桌子上。
存現句：引導詞there引
導的句子 There are many customers in the shop.
　　謂語　　主語　　　　狀語
商店里有很多顧客。
【即時演練1】 寫出下列句子的句子結構
①What he said does not matter.
②His parents have worked in the company for ten years.
③They haven’t decided when and where to hold the party.
④The old couple seemed very happy together.
⑤There are 45 students in our class.
⑥I want to have a cup of tea very much.
⑦She cooked her husband a delicious meal.
SV　
SVA　
SVO　
SVP　
存現句　
SVOA　
SVOO　
二、并列句
并列句是指由并列連詞連接的兩個或更多的分句構成的句子，常見的
并列連詞有 and、or、but 等。要準確理解并列句，需要找到并列連
詞，弄清楚各分句之間的關系。
連詞 舉例
并列關系 and、both ...and、as well as、not only ...but （also）、
neither ...nor
轉折關系 but、however、while、still、yet
選擇關系 or、whether ...or、either ...or 、
not ...but
因果關系 for、so/so that、therefore、because
固定句式 祈使句＋and/or＋陳述句；when作并列連詞，意為“這
時，那時”
The sky suddenly went dark and it started to rain.（并列關系）
天空驟然轉暗，隨即下起雨來。
I’d asked everybody but only two people came.（轉折關系）
每個人我都請了，卻只來了兩個人。
Take the chance， or you will regret it.（轉折關系）
抓住這個機會，否則你會后悔的。
You’d better take an umbrella， for it is going to rain.（因果關系）
你最好帶把傘，因為要下雨了。
He was about to go to school when a strong wind began to blow.（be
about to do ...when ）
他正要去上學，這時突然刮起了大風。
Hurry up， or you’ll be late again.（祈使句＋or＋陳述句）
快點，否則你會再遲到。
【即時演練2】　選詞填空（and， but， or， so， while， for）
①I was glad to meet Jenny again， I didn’t want to spend all
day with her.
②Think it over， you’ll find a way out.
③One day， I was late， my teacher was angry.
④He fell in love with the girl he was on a visit to New York.
⑤They have different ideas， they have solved the problem in
different ways.
but　
and　
and　
while　
so　
三、主從復合句
主從復合句是指含有從句的復合句。要準確理解主從復合句，需要分
析句子結構，找到主句和從句，并識別從句的種類。
定語 從句 限制性定語從
句 Those who want to go please sign their names
here.想去的人請在這里簽名。
非限制性定語
從句 We will put off the outing until the next week，
when we won’t be so busy.
我們將把郊游推遲到下周，那時我們就不那
么忙了。
類型 分類 例句
名詞
性 從句 主語從句 Whether he will come or not is still unknown.
他是否會來還不知道。
賓語從句 Please tell me whether or not you agree with
him.
請告訴我你是否同意他（的觀點）。
表語從句 This is where I don’t agree.
這是我不贊同的地方。
同位語從句 I have no idea when she will be back.
我不知道她會什么時候回來。
類型 分類 例句
狀語 從句 時間狀語從句 I met him when I was walking in the park.
我在公園里散步時遇到了他。
原因狀語從句 Now that you are all here， let’s try and reach
a decision.
既然你們都來了，讓我們試著作出決定。
類型 分類 例句
狀 語 從 句 目的狀 語從句 We sent the letter by air mail in order that it
might reach them in good time.
我們用航空郵件郵寄這封信，以便他們能及
時收到。
結果狀 語從句 Bring it near so that I may see it better.
把它拿近一點，好讓我看得更清楚。
類型 分類 例句
狀 語 從 句 條件狀 語從句 As long as we don’t lose heart， we will find
a way to overcome the difficulty.
只要我們不泄氣，就會找到克服困難的方
法。
讓步狀 語從句 Though we fight like cat and dog， we still
love each other.
雖然我們像貓狗一樣打架，但我們仍然彼此
相愛。
類型 分類 例句
狀 語 從 句 比較狀 語從句 She is still as active as she used to be.
她仍然像以前一樣活躍。
方式狀 語從句 He speaks as if there were a frog in his throat.
他說起話來好像喉嚨里有只青蛙。
四、并列主從復合句
有些句子既包括并列分句，又含有從句，我們稱之為并列主從復合
句。要準確理解這種復雜的句子，需要分析句子結構，弄清楚各分句
以及主從句之間的邏輯關系。
（1）Some people know what they want to do from a young age， but
more people just have a few ideas bouncing around in their heads.
有的人年輕時就清楚自己想做什么，但更多的人往往是只有一
些想法在腦子里晃來晃去。
句式分析：這是由轉折連詞but連接的并列主從復合句，表達前后兩種
情況的對比。前半部分是“主謂賓狀”結構，其中含有what引導的賓
語從句；后半部分是“主謂賓”結構，其中的bouncing around in their
heads作后置定語修飾ideas。
（2）But by any criteria this work is worth it to us as well， because it
shows that we are global citizens interested in world stability， and
that we feel responsible for others and are ready to build a
community with a shared future for mankind.
但以任何標準來看，這項工作對我們都是值得的；因為它表
明，我們是關注世界穩定的全球公民，我們對他人負有責任，
我們為構建人類命運共同體作好了準備。
句式分析：這是一個并列主從復合句。第一層從because分開，前面的
主句為“主系表”結構，because后面直到句尾是一個“主謂賓”結構
的原因狀語從句，用來說明“這項工作對我們都是值得的”的理由。
第二層，原因狀語從句內部包含兩個由that引導的賓語從句，作show
的賓語。第三層，兩個that引導的賓語從句是并列關系，也都是“主
系表”結構。
【即時演練3】　完成句子
①Wuhan lies .
武漢位于長江和漢水匯合處。
② ， I do it.
因為我喜歡，所以我才干。
③ ， he always disagrees.
無論我建議什么，他總是不同意。
④He acted .
他裝得似乎什么事也未發生過。
⑤I ask him .
我問他我們什么時候去動物園，但他不知道。
where the Yangtze River and the Han River meet　
Because I like it　
Whatever/No matter what I suggest　
as if/though nothing had happened　
when we’ll go to the zoo， but he doesn’t know　
核心知識·巧突破
探究課堂重點
2
occupation n.工作，職業；消遣；侵占，占領期；使用
【教材原句】　It generally prepares people to work in a specific
occupation by teaching theory in the classroom and offering hands-on
training in the workplace.
它通常通過在課堂上教授理論和在工作場所提供實踐培訓，讓人們在
特定職業中工作作好準備。
【用法】
（1）occupy vt.　　占用，使用；占領，侵占；使忙于
occupy oneself （in） doing sth/with sth　　忙著做某事/忙于某事
（2）occupied adj.　　已被占用的；無空閑的；在使用中的；被占
領的
be occupied （in） doing sth/with sth　　忙著做某事/忙于某事
【佳句】　What do you imagine will be your future occupation？你認為
自己將來會從事什么職業呢？
One of his occupations is fishing， which occupies most of his spare
time.他的業余活動之一是釣魚，這占用了他大部分的空閑時間。
【聯想】　表示“忙于做某事”的其他表達
be busy doing sth、be busy with sth、be engaged in doing sth
【練透】　單句語法填空
① （occupy） with my assignments， I can’t go
shopping with mother this morning.
②Choosing an （occupy） takes time， and there are a
lot of things you have to think about.
Occupied　
occupation　
【寫美】　句式升級
③Because they were occupied （in） making and selling popcorn， they
spared no time to play around.
→ ， they
spared no time to play around.（動詞-ing短語作狀語）
→ ， they spared no
time to play around.（過去分詞短語作狀語）
Occupying themselves （in） making and selling popcorn　
Occupied （in） making and selling popcorn　
課時檢測·提能力
培育學科素養
3
維度一：基礎題型練
判斷下面短文中句首標序號的類型并將其歸類。
　　①International students can’t often return home for the holidays，
but Brock University is among schools in Canada with programs that help
keep their spirits alive during their time off.②Brock hosts winter
programs that reach out to students who may feel alone or detached （分
離的） from their families so that they can enjoy warm meals and share
holiday traditions.
　　In 2021， Brock had about 1，900 international students.③The
school’s international office said hundreds of them often remain in
Canada for the holidays.④Being away from home can get quite tough at
times； however， occasions like this make them feel at home.
　　Harsh Patel， a Master of Business Administration student， was
born in Kenya and grew up in India.⑤Last year， he couldn’t return
home， with the high cost of plane tickets and just a two-week break
between terms.Therefore， he took part in Brock’s Home for the holiday
program， which started in 2010 and has since become an annual
program.⑥As part of the program， faculty （全體教師） members host
events for students， whether it be a movie night， tea time or a Christmas
dinner party.
1. 簡單句：
2. 并列句：
3. 主從復合句：
4. 并列主從復合句：
⑤　
④　
②③⑥　
①　
維度二：語法與寫作
根據漢語提示完成下列句子。
1. I don’t believe her， .
我不相信她，盡管她說的是真的。
2. He didn’t sign up for the interview，
.
他沒有報名參加面試，這使他失去了一份高薪工作。
while what she said is true　
which cost him a well-paid
job　
3. ， we should spare some
time for our family every day.
不管多忙，我們都應該每天給家人騰出些時間來。
However/No matter how busy we are　
4. My hairstyle hasn’t changed much .
從5歲起我的發型一直沒大變化。
since I was five　
5. You had better take a taxi .
你最好打車，否則你會遲到的。
6. travelling broadens one’s horizons and
increases one’s knowledge.
毫無疑問，旅行使人開闊眼界，增長知識。
or you will be late　
There is no doubt that　
7. at the foot of the mountain.
山腳下有一個小池塘。
There is a small pool　
維度三：語法與語篇
閱讀下面短文，用適當的連詞填空。
　　Knowledge economy age is an age 1. new knowledge
emerges much faster than ever before.Therefore， everyone should
renew his or her knowledge， 2. he or she will be
left behind in the society.
when　
otherwise/or　
　　There 3. （be） some ways to update knowledge.On the
one hand， one can attend different courses at all types of schools，
either part-time 4. full-time.On the other hand， self-study is a
more convenient and practical method by 5. one can
effectively renew his or her knowledge.
　　6. I am busy doing daily work， I still
insist on teaching myself at night.In this way， I can not only keep up
with the swift development of society 7. also apply new
knowledge to my practical work， 8. benefits me a lot.
are　
or　
which　
Although/Though/While　
but　
which　
Ⅰ.閱讀理解
A
　　Museums have long tried to straddle （橫跨） the line between being
educational institutions and being spaces recognized for their high-class
exhibits and collections， but a new industry trend may help change the
way the general public interacts with museums.
　　On paper， the museum created by MICRO doesn’t seem as if it
would make a splash.MICRO’s first exhibit space is tiny — about the
size of a vending machine （自動售貨機） — and highly specialized.It
focuses entirely on one subject： mollusks （軟體動物）.So why has it
earned high praise from almost everyone？
　　This museum-in-a-box， created by MICRO founders Amanda
Schochet and Charles Philipp， has some attention-drawing aspects.Its
contents include a 3D-printed octopus （章魚） brain and videos of
various other mollusk species.In order to explain the unique sensory
capabilities of species like an octopus， the creators used tiny human
figures with sensory receptors all over their body， in roughly the same
places as mollusks.The design of the mollusk museum is undeniably
creative， but the most innovative characteristic might be its
location.Because of its size， the museum can be moved quickly and
easily using nothing more than a standard-sized SUV.
The first box started its run at the main branch of the Brooklyn Public
Library.The placement of this first box in one of the “other” boroughs
（區） of New York was not random.MICRO seeks to make exhibits
more accessible in places with fewer museums.In addition to the library，
the organization has installed or plans to install boxes in community
centers and in the Ronald McDonald House， among other places.
　　By downsizing its exhibits， MICRO seems to be changing the way
that people interact with museums.“We believe that informal learning
environments， like the Ronald McDonald House， can be incredibly
powerful because of the element of surprise and the element of
discovery，” said Charles Philipp.
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了美國一家公司研發的微
型博物館，旨在讓更多人有機會參觀博物館，讓學習在不經意間。
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了美國一家公司研發的微
型博物館，旨在讓更多人有機會參觀博物館，讓學習在不經意間發生。
1. What does the underlined part “make a splash” in Paragraph 2
mean？（　　）
A. Provide useful advice.
B. Promote a good deed.
C. Earn a large profit.
D. Draw much attention.
解析：　詞義猜測題。第三段首句銜接第二段內容，make a
splash與第二段末句中的earned high praise from almost everyone及第
三段首句中的has some attention-drawing aspects意義相近，意為
“引起很大關注”。
2. What does the author intend to do in Paragraph 3？（　　）
A. Explain the question asked in the previous paragraph.
B. Provide the motivation for writing the text.
C. Introduce a new topic for discussion.
D. Add some background information.
解析：　推理判斷題。作者在第二段末句提出問題：到底是什么
讓該博物館贏得大眾的普遍贊譽？第三段是為解釋該問題服務的；
第三段談到該博物館為了向人們解釋軟體動物的奧秘下了大功夫，
還談到其選址的獨特性：由于規格較小，可以隨時移動，可在公共
機構設置此類博物館。
3. Where is MICRO more likely to install its museums？（　　）
A. In places that are thinly-populated.
B. In places with few community centers.
C. In places where many mollusks gather.
D. In places with a small number of museums.
解析：　細節理解題。根據第三段中的MICRO seeks to make
exhibits more accessible in places with fewer museums.可知，MICRO
選址時更傾向于考慮博物館比較少的地方，以滿足這些區域的人們
對展覽的需求。
4. What is the best title for the text？（　　）
A. Big Ideas， Tiny Museums
B. Museums， Where Learning Occurs
C. Informal Learning， Good Learning
D. MICRO， Where You Encounter Mollusks
解析：　標題歸納題。文章介紹了MICRO公司的微型博物館，旨
在讓更多人有機會參觀博物館，讓學習在不經意間發生。A項作標
題最能概括文意。A項中的Tiny Museums指MICRO公司開發的這種
自動售貨機大小的博物館，Big Ideas指MICRO公司的愿景。
B
　　It’s no secret that college is expensive.I received financial aid，
and I was able to cover the cost of enrollment， books， supplies， course
materials， and additional school-related fees.But I could not afford
housing， transportation， food， healthcare， or other basic
necessities.The longer each semester went on， the harder the choices
became.
　　When spring semester ended that first year at college， I had good
grades， but I did not have two quarters to my name.I decided that if I
could afford to be a full-time student， I would need to work a full-time
job.Soon， I started working at the airport as a cleaner of aircraft
cabins.My first shift at the airport was a graveyard shift， where I detailed
aircraft of varying sizes.During this total night shift， I had to do “deep
cleaning”， which meant cleaning everything and even I had to check
every safety compartment and replace any missing items.This could be
disgusting work.
　　Another fact that upset me a lot was that working at the airport and
going to school did not fit easily together.Some days I was too exhausted
after a night shift to get to class.Other days I didn’t have time to
complete school assignments owing to a busy workday.At the end of the
fall semester， I received a final warning for my attendance at my
job.Once again， I was between a rock and a hard place and had to make
a decision.I wanted to go to school and excel， but I had also grown
accustomed to financially supporting myself.
　　Ultimately， I chose to temporarily stop going to school and to
continue working， a decision I would later regret.The airline closed for
various reasons.I felt stupid.I had put a lot into this job， even sacrificing
my education， and now I would have neither job nor education.I’d
finally learned what my grandmother meant when she once said that your
job is temporary， and your education is forever.
語篇解讀：本文是一篇記敘文。為了負擔得起成為一名全日制學
生，作者開始做一份全職工作，結果因為出勤率問題收到了最后一
次警告，只能選擇暫時停止上學，繼續工作。后來公司關閉了，作
者為自己的決定感到后悔。
語篇解讀：本文是一篇記敘文。為了負擔得起成為一名全日制學
生，作者開始做一份全職工作，結果因為出勤率問題收到了最后一
次警告，只能選擇暫時停止上學，繼續工作。后來公司關閉了，作
者為自己的決定感到后悔。
5. What can we infer about the author from Paragraph 1？（　　）
A. He met with a long boring semester.
B. Food accounted for his biggest expense.
C. He left himself financially embarrassed.
D. His financial aid could cover his necessities.
解析：　推理判斷題。根據第一段內容可知，作者得到了經濟援
助，能夠負擔得起入學費用、書籍、用品、課程材料和其他與學校
相關的費用，但負擔不起住房、交通、食物、醫療和其他基本生活
必需品。由此可推知，作者在經濟上陷入困境。
6. What does the underlined word “detailed” in Paragraph 2 most
probably mean？（　　）
A. Cleaned. B. Listed.
C. Repaired. D. Replaced.
解析：　詞義猜測題。根據畫線詞上文可知，作者很快開始在機
場做飛機客艙清潔工，因此在機場的第一個夜班，作者就要清理各
種大小的飛機。由此可知，畫線詞意為“清理”。
7. Which of the following best describes the author in Paragraph 3？（　）
A. Confused. B. Critical.
C. Decisive. D. Diligent.
解析：　推理判斷題。根據第三段內容可知，在機場工作和上學
不太容易兼顧。在秋季學期結束時，作者因為出勤率問題收到了最
后一次警告。作者又一次處于進退兩難的境地，不得不作出決定。
作者想去上學，取得優異成績，但也已經習慣了在經濟上養活自
己。由此可推知，作者很困惑。
8. What is conveyed in the text？（　　）
A. He who makes no mistakes makes nothing.
B. Nothing is difficult to the man who will try.
C. One should be financially supported by himself.
D. The significance of schooling should be recognised.
解析：　推理判斷題。根據最后一段內容可知，作者為工作付出
了很多，甚至犧牲了自己的教育，現在作者將既沒有工作也沒有教
育。作者終于明白了祖母曾經說過的一句話：你的工作是暫時的，
而你所受的教育是永遠的。由此可推知，學校教育的重要性應該得
到承認。
Ⅱ.閱讀七選五
　　Whether you’re in high school or college， classes will be over in a
few short months.If you’d like to work this summer， have you started
looking for a job？ If not， now’s the time to search for positions， fill
out applications， and get yourself hired.To get the process started，
follow our tips below.
　　 Make or update your resume （簡歷）.Even if potential positions
require you to submit an application， some may also ask for an
accompanying resume. 9.（　　） You can also use free online tools to
easily create a resume in minutes.
　　 Look ahead.10.（　　） Think forward to your hopes for the
future， and try to find a position that might help you develop relevant
skills or make helpful contacts.
　　 Drop by.If there’s a certain place where you’re interested in
working， put on an appropriate outfit （裝束）， get your resume in
hand， and drop by.11.（　　） Be ready to give your 30-second speech
that answers two questions：“Why do you want to work here？” and
“Why should I hire you？”
　　 12.（　　） You might need to provide references to a potential
employer， so chat with former bosses， current mentors （導師）， and
anyone else you want to include on your list.
　　Remember， it’s important to get started on the summer job search
now， as so many others will be looking for seasonal work.13.（　　）
Keep looking for opportunities， using your networks， and thinking
creatively.Soon you’ll have something lined up to keep you busy and
earn you money for the summer months.
A. Get your references lined up.
B. Ask to speak with the manager.
C. Contact former employers immediately.
D. What do you want to do after you graduate from college？
E. It might make sense for you to stay in your college town or city.
F. Drop by the career services office at your school for resume help.
G. And don’t get discouraged if you can’t find something
immediately.
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章為有意打暑期工的學生提供了
一些建議。
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章為有意打暑期工的學生提供了
一些建議。
9. F　根據本段主題句可知，本段內容圍繞resume 展開。設空處
下一句中的also提示設空處與空后一句為遞進關系，F項（去學校
職業服務中心尋求簡歷方面的幫助）及設空處下一句“你也可以
使用免費的網絡工具輕松創建一份簡歷”為制作簡歷的兩種方
法。故F項符合語境。
10. D　根據本段小標題及設空處下一句可知，本段圍繞畢業之后正
式就業的事情展開。D項（你大學畢業后想要做什么？）與本段主題
相符，建議讀者在找暑期工作時，應該將眼光放長遠些，最好找對以
后正式就業有幫助的職位，為以后的正式就業打基礎。
11. B　設空處上一句中的drop by、B項、設空處下一句中的give your
30-second speech為按照時間順序發生的三個動作，這一連串動作將上
下文銜接起來。
12. A　設空處為本段小標題，結合本段內容可知，本段圍繞“工作
推薦人、介紹人”展開。A項符合語境。A項中的references與本段中
的references構成原詞復現；本段中的former bosses、current mentors是
references的具體人選。
13. G　G項中的can’t find something immediately與設空處下一句中
的Keep looking for opportunities形成反義關系，將上下文銜接起來。
Ⅲ.完形填空
　　Two afternoons a week， Mikala Tardy walks six blocks from Eastern
High School to Payne Elementary School.She 　14　 at the front desk
just after 3：30 p.m.and makes her way to a 　15　， where she’ll be
teaching second-and third-graders who are full of energy after the school
day.
　　Mikala， a senior at Eastern High， 　16　 this work back in the
ninth grade.It’s run by Reach， a Washington， D. C. nonprofit， that
trains high school 　17　 like her to be reading tutors for elementary
school students.It’s a tutoring program that works in two 　18　.It’s
serving a vital need in the city： Two-thirds of students in D. C. public
schools can’t 　19　 and write at grade level when they start high
school.Reach 　20　 these older students to become better readers — by
giving them the tools to teach younger kids.
　　Tutoring programs that 　21　 younger and older students
are 　22　.But most rely on 　23　 students.Reach turns the 　24　 on
its head： Most of the teenage tutors start the 　25　 reading between the
fourth-and sixth-grade level.The tutors 　26　 training in literacy （讀寫
能力） instruction and they’re 　27　 as role models.Mikala Tardy says
she 　28　 reading a lot more than she did when she started almost four
years ago.
語篇解讀：本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述了高中生教小學生閱讀，
在此過程中，雙方的閱讀水平都得到了提升。
語篇解讀：本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述了高中生教小學生閱讀，
在此過程中，雙方的閱讀水平都得到了提升。
14. A. checks out B. wakes up
C. sits down D. signs in
解析：　根據下文the front desk和she’ll be teaching second-and
third-graders可知，Mikala在前臺登記后，走到教室。
15. A. park B. classroom
C. hospital D. library
解析：　參見上題解析。
16. A. reported B. left
C. began D. created
解析：　根據上文a senior at Eastern High和下文back in the ninth
grade可知，Mikala現在是高中生，因此她從九年級開始這份工
作。末段中的when she started almost four years ago也是提示。
17. A. teachers B. students
C. players D. foreigners
解析：　根據上文Mikala， a senior at Eastern High和空后的like
her可知，這里指像Mikala一樣的高中生。
18. A. schools B. communities
C. periods D. directions
解析：　根據空后兩句可知，這是兩個方面，表示Reach這個非
營利機構既幫助讀寫能力差的學生，與此同時也讓教他們的老師
（高年級的學生）受益。
19. A. paint B. speak C. read D. sing
解析：　根據上文to be reading tutors for elementary school
students可知，此處指華盛頓特區公立學校三分之二的學生在上高
中時，不具備與年級水平相對應的閱讀或寫作能力。
20. A. forces B. helps
C. asks D. reminds
解析：　破折號后的by giving them the tools to teach younger kids
解釋說明其前的內容，因此，Reach幫助這些高年級學生成為更好
的閱讀者。這里體現的是“教學相長”的思想，即教別人的同時
也提升了自己。
21. A. turn down B. pay back
C. pair up D. look into
解析：　根據上文trains high school ...to be reading tutors for
elementary school students可知，很顯然，這里的教師項目是將低
年級和高年級學生進行配對。
22. A. common B. interesting
C. annoying D. ambitious
解析：　根據該空后的But most以及接下來介紹Reach的不同做
法可知，類似這種配對的教師項目很常見。
23. A. full-grown B. so-called
C. high-achieving D. fun-loving
解析：　下文Most of the teenage tutors ...reading between the
fourth-and sixth-grade level.是解答本題的關鍵信息，同類項目中
的青少年教師都成績優秀，而Reach開展的這個項目中，所選的青
少年教師本身閱讀水平并不高，因此四個選項中只有high-
achieving與之構成對比，符合語境。
24. A. idea B. excuse
C. habit D. question
解析：　冒號后的內容具體介紹Reach的做法。turn sth on its
head意為“顛倒某事物預期的順序”。
25. A. test B. competition
C. meeting D. program
解析：　根據上文this work、a tutoring program、Tutoring
programs可知，此處指這個教師項目。
26. A. refuse B. receive
C. offer D. discover
解析：　根據tutors和training并結合上文trains high school ...可
知，這些教師都是高中生，且閱讀水平并不是很高，因此他們要
接受讀寫能力指導的培訓。
27. A. positioned B. corrected
C. protected D. included
解析：　根據下文role models可知，這些教師被定位為榜樣。
28. A. enjoys B. suggests
C. explains D. imagines
解析：　reading a lot more than she did when she started almost
four years ago是Mikala Tardy參加這個教師項目以來的變化和收
獲，由此可知，她比之前更喜歡閱讀了。
Ⅳ.語法填空
　　Professor Stephen McNair has spent half a lifetime proving that it’s
better to be happy than rich， a state best 29. 　　　　　　 （achieve）
through lifelong learning.
　　84-year-old Jim Kelly has in recent years devoted himself to learning
a wide range 30. 　　　　　　 subjects — everything from gardening to
history.After school days interrupted by poverty， his impetus （動力）
to study came from his granddaughter Becky 31. 　　　　　　， as a
two-year-old， grew frustrated （挫敗的） with his inability
32. 　　　　　　 （answer） her questions.“Don’t you know
anything grandad？” she would ask.Now， 14 years later， he tells
33. 　　　　　　 teenager he’s pleased she asked that question.
　　Maria Tolly is a 78-year-old Londoner.In 1989， health problems
spelled an end to her career as a professional guitarist， until her
commitment to making music 34. 　　　　　　 （restore） by specialist
music technology courses at Morley College London and the City
Lit.“Studying at both institutions has proved that age is
35. 　　　　　　 （relevant） — I feel so connected to life thanks to a
36. 　　　　　　 （combine） of forgetting my age and realising how
much I still have to learn.” Soon she had job opportunities 37. 　　　　　　
（range） from after-school dance groups to composing a song for the
100th anniversary （周年紀念日） of her local park.
　　McNair says that in all the guidance about wellbeing， education is
central， and it is 38. 　　　　　 （particular） important for those in
the latter stages of life.
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了學習給老年人帶來的積
極影響。
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了學習給老年人帶來的積
極影響。
29. achieved　考查非謂語動詞。設空處作后置定語修飾a state，又因
achieve與a state之間是邏輯上的動賓關系，故填achieved。
30. of　考查固定搭配。a wide range of是固定搭配，表示“范圍廣泛
的”。故填of。
31. that/who　考查定語從句。設空處引導限制性定語從句，指代先行
詞his granddaughter Becky，且在從句中作主語，故填that/who。
32. to answer　考查非謂語動詞。one’s inability to do sth是固定搭
配，表示“某人不能做某事”，故填to answer。
33. the　考查冠詞。設空處表示特指，the teenager特指上文中提到的
his granddaughter Becky，故填定冠詞the。
34. was restored　考查動詞的時態和語態。根據設空處前的In 1989可
知，設空處應用一般過去時，又因her commitment to making music與
restore之間為被動關系，故填was restored。
35. irrelevant　考查詞形轉換。設空處在句中作表語，且根據語境可
以推斷出設空處應表示“無關的，不相干的”，故填irrelevant。
bination　考查名詞。設空處前有冠詞修飾，設空處后為介詞
of，故填名詞combination。
37. ranging　考查非謂語動詞。設空處為range from ...to ...結構，
作后置定語，修飾名詞短語job opportunities，且job opportunities與
range之間是邏輯上的主謂關系，故填ranging。
38. particularly　考查詞形轉換。設空處作狀語，修飾形容詞
important，應用副詞，表示“特別地，尤其”，故填particularly。
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