資源簡介

Section Ⅳ　Extended reading & Project & Assessment
維度一：品句填詞
根據所給單詞的首字母或漢語提示，寫出單詞的正確形式。
1.Her proposal got r　　　　　　， which made her quite disappointed.
2.Each child was told to r　　　　　　 a poem to the class before class.
3.Pay more attention to your h　　　　　　 and you will make much progress in your study.
4.My teacher approved of me taking part in the speech c　　　　　　 to be held by my school next Friday.
5.By the age of two， a child will have a v　　　　　 of about two hundred words.
6.It seems that these ants can 　　　　　　（忍受） temperatures which would kill other species.
7.They appeared surprisingly 　　　　　　（悲觀的） about their chances of winning.
8.According to the survey， most of the local residents 　　　　　　（反對） closing the hospital.
9.The two criminals 　　　　　　（溜） out of the diamond shop， disappearing in the darkness.
10.These shirts are comfortable to wear because they are made from 100％ 　　　　　　（完全的） cotton.
維度二：詞形轉換
用括號內單詞的正確形式填空。
1.She said she couldn’t speak English 　　　　　（fluent） as before.
2.The medical experts say there is a 　　　　　　（tend） for this disease to run in rural villages.
3.We 　　　　　　（sincere） hope that you will soon be restored to health.
4.I came with the 　　　　　　（intend） of staying， but now I’ve decided to leave.
5.But for your close 　　　　　　（cooperate）， we wouldn’t have done the work so well.
6.The amount of sugar you add will depend on personal 　　　　　　（prefer）.
7.Sometimes， I feel a little 　　　　　　（embarrass） by my improper manner at table.
8.I must say I thought your 　　　　　　（behave） at the party was a bit out of line.
維度三：固定搭配和句式
根據漢語及括號內提示完成下列句子。
1.考慮到外面在下雨，我們最好待在室內。（given that ...）
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　， we’d better stay indoors.
2.這棟房子融合了中西方的建筑風格。（integrate ...and ...）
The house 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
3.你越小心，犯的錯誤就越少。（the＋比較級 ...， the＋比較級 ...）
The more careful you are， 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
4.盡管我們對自己很自信，我們還是應該意識到別人的長處并向他們表示尊敬。（讓步狀語從句）
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　， we should recognize strengths in others and show respect for them.
5.直到第二天，我才得知事情的真相。 （強調句）
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 I learned the truth.
維度四：課文語法填空
閱讀課文內容，在空白處填入1個適當的單詞或括號內單詞的正確形式。
　　1.　　　　　　 （borrow） words can be found in almost all languages.Word borrowing 2.　　　　　　 （happen） when two cultures interact with different languages.But it will take a long time for borrowed words 3.　　　　　　 （integrate） into daily speech.
　　At first， borrowed words are only used by bilingual 4.　　　　　　 （speak）.It then spreads to people 5.　　　　　　 do not know the original language.Now some language communities oppose 6.　　　　　　 （adopt） words from other cultures and make interventions to keep the 7.　　　　　 （pure） of native languages.While some people are against borrowed words， there are others 8.　　　　 （welcome） it.
　　Although there exist people who are pessimistic 9.　　　　　　 it， the 10.　　　　　　 （tend） to borrow words has never gone out of style.
Ⅰ.閱讀理解
　　Have you ever been in mid-conversation with someone， when you look over and find them standing in the same position as you or holding the same facial expression？ It may seem like they have consciously （有意識地） copied you， but it is much more likely that it is the chameleon （變色龍） effect at play.
　　The chameleon effect is the unconscious imitation of another person’s gestures or behaviour.Just as a chameleon attempts to match any environment’s colours， people acquire the behaviour of others to bring them closer together and help make their interactions smooth.
　　The chameleon effect was confirmed in an experiment by psychologists John Bargh and Tanya Chartrand in 1999.The first part of their experiment included 78 people， who each spoke with an experimenter.During the test， Bargh and Chartrand studied whether participants would copy the actions of someone they hadn’t met before， like moving the foot and touching the face.The second part measured the impact that copying someone has on the person being imitated.
　　In the first stage， participants increased their face touching by 20％ and their foot movement by 50％ while in conversation about a photograph with the experimenter.The individuals weren’t aware of what they were being studied for， and the photograph was used to catch their attention to ensure unconscious acts.The second stage involved half of the participants being copied， and then rating the likeability of the experimenter.The results showed that those who were imitated scored the experimenter higher.It has shown that when someone copies our behaviour， we develop more positive feelings about them.These interactions could be a person unconsciously willing to be liked， and forming a moment of connection.
　　The main reasons behind humans’ imitation are positive.However， when people carry this chameleon effect to the extreme， they can lose their sense of self.Those who change their entire personalities in different groups often go undetected.But more common signs of the chameleon effect are easier to notice.Next time you are in a social gathering， take a look around and you might just see some chameleons for yourself.
1.Why do people acquire others’ behaviour？（　　）
A.To match the environment’s colours.
B.To attract others’ attention.
C.To establish a connection with others.
D.To adapt to the surroundings.
2.How did the experimenter guarantee participants’ unconscious behaviour？（　　）
A.By directing their attention to a photo.
B.By keeping a close eye on their actions.
C.By telling them the purpose of the study.
D.By evaluating the impacts of their imitation.
3.What conclusion can be drawn from the experiment？（　　）
A.Too much of the chameleon effect can be beneficial.
B.People tend to like those who imitate their behaviour.
C.People imitating others are not easy to be detected.
D.The copied movements help people to feel relaxed.
4.Which of the following shows the chameleon effect according to the passage？（　　）
A.A comedian copies a celebrity vividly on stage.
B.Students adopt teachers’ accents for fun after class.
C.People change their habits to please others on purpose.
D.A husband and his wife share similar behaviour over time.
Ⅱ.閱讀七選五
How to Keep a Relationship Healthy and Strong
　　Are you new to experiencing relationships？ Well， let me give you advice on having a healthy and possibly long-term relationship.
　　5.（　　） Do not hide things from them； do not lie.Don’t be afraid to say things that aren’t very flattering about yourself.Getting them to trust you is the most important element in any relationship.If there’s no trust， there’s nothing there.So please be honest and they’ll learn to open up to you.
　　Make sure you give them respect.Now respect isn’t just simply treating her or him nicely.There’s a lot more to it.You have to learn to adjust to their liking.6.（　　） Don’t just think about yourself； think about what your partner needs out of it as well.
　　 7.（　　） Always be willing to help them and give them positivity at the same time.Make them feel you are someone they can really depend on and build a future with.This is an important step in a relationship.Your partner has to be able to count on you when you are needed.
　　Make sure you have a good sense of humour with them.Laughter is the key to happiness.Laugh a lot with them； joke with them.Laughter may seem silly， but it’s the secret to a lot in life.It will keep the sparks alive.8.（　　）
　　Make sure the communication is good.This goes along with trust， but always communicate how you feel， even if it’s something that upsets you.Instead of screaming， talk to them.9.（　　） It’s important to communicate this to them， instead of keeping it bottled up.
A.Be an honest person with them.
B.Show them your personality.
C.Laughter keeps the relationship strong and lasting.
D.Make sure you are encouraging to your partner.
E.Don’t start to neglect them and make them feel unwanted.
F.Basically， learn to study your partners’ moods， wants and needs.
G.If they did something that made you unhappy， tell them about it in a respectful manner.
Ⅲ.完形填空
　　Julia Jarman’s family was upset when she was diagnosed （診斷） with cancer.But soon， her grandson Vigil made a plan to fill Jarman’s last days with an unforgettable 　10　.
　　When Vigil’s high school prom （舞會） was 　11　， his sister said， “Why don’t you just take Grandma to the prom？” Hearing his sister’s 　12　， the 17-year-old immediately remembered that Jarman had 　13　 been to a prom.But his school had a（n） 　14　 that students could only have partners under 20， so Vigil first 　15　 the principal of his school to ask him if he could bring his grandmother.Luckily， the principal gave him 　16　.Excited， the teenager asked his granny if she would like to 　17　 the first prom of her life， and she 　18　 the invitation.
　　 While other teenagers walked into the venue with girls of their 　19　， Vigil entered with his grandmother on his arm.At first， Vigil wasn’t sure how his schoolmates would 　20　 to watching him dance with Jarman.Later， he was 　21　 to see everyone welcomed her.
　　The DJ played Jarman’s favourite song.Vigil recalled the 　22　 moment， “She almost had me crying as she was singing it along with me while we were dancing.”
　　Vigil’s mother felt proud of him for putting in the 　23　 to please his grandmother.The teenager said，“My grandmother is my best friend； I just wanted to do something 　24　 for her.”
　　“That night was wonderful，” Jarman revealed.
10.（　）A.dream　　　　　　　B.memory
C.adventure D.performance
11.（　）A.behind the scenes B.in the way
C.around the corner D.out of sight
12.（　）A.suggestion B.comment
C.decision D.encouragement
13.（　）A.never B.frequently
C.sometimes D.once
14.（　）A.habit B.purpose
C.order D.policy
15.（　）A.begged B.contacted
C.persuaded D.thanked
16.（　）A.information B.permission
C.confirmation D.explanation
17.（　）A.organize B.reserve
C.observe D.attend
18.（　）A.declined B.accepted
C.considered D.expected
19.（　）A.age B.height
C.class D.family
20.（　）A.agree B.adapt
C.react D.stick
21.（　）A.puzzled B.amused
C.ashamed D.relieved
22.（　）A.hopeful　　　B.ideal
C.touching D.proud
23.（　）A.money B.effort
C.belief D.trouble
24.（　）A.special B.difficult
C.regular D.familiar
Ⅳ.讀后續寫
　　閱讀下面材料，根據其內容和所給段落開頭語續寫兩段，使之構成一篇完整的短文。
　　Isabel Moreno sat carefully putting papers into a folder.She had been at the Gateway Nature Center’s office all morning and was tired of filing.She wanted desperately to work with the animals.She had been a weekend volunteer that whole school year and had done extensive research， reading books and websites on natural history.But her mom， who was the assistant director of the center， said Isabel was still too young.
　　Suddenly， the quiet was broken by Amy Jensen bursting in.She had been a volunteer a bit longer than Isabel and wandered around like she owned the place.“Hurry up， Isabel，” she ordered.Isabel willed herself to remain still and just smiled back.
　　Just then， Isabel’s mother rushed into the room with Mr Garza， the custodian （管理員）.“The hurricane is now approaching the Gulf Shore Preserve，” Mrs Moreno reported.“It needs help preparing for it.I have to go down there with the staff.We’ll take the bridge， so we shouldn’t be gone long.I need you girls to help Mr Garza get the storm shutters （護窗） down in the aviary （鳥舍）.Then， stay inside with Mr Garza.Call me on my cellphone if there’re any problems，” Mrs Moreno directed as she rushed out.Isabel was excited to have an opportunity to help the birds.
　　Amy announced she was now “in charge”. Isabel smiled again， saying nothing.Mr Garza and the girls worked quickly and were soon back inside.But when Mr Garza called Isabel’s mother， a worried expression crossed his face.“A storm has flooded the bridge， and they’re stuck there.Also， the storm is heading our way，” he said.Amy was frightened.After silently considering for a few seconds， Isabel said calmly， “We should move the birds to the reptile house （爬行動物館）.It’s on higher ground.” Mr Garza and Amy nodded.They rushed out of the building.Once inside the aviary， Isabel watched Amy lunge （猛沖） from cage to cage.
注意：1.續寫詞數應為150左右；
2.請按如下格式作答。
　　Isabel told Amy not to jump around so much because the birds would be scared by her sudden movements.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　After several hours， the storm stopped， and Mrs Moreno was able to return to the center.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
Section Ⅳ　Extended reading & Project & Assessment
基礎知識自測
維度一
1.rejected　2.recite　3.handwriting　4.contest
5.vocabulary　6.tolerate　7.pessimistic　8.oppose
9.slipped　10.pure
維度二
1.fluently　2.tendency　3.sincerely　4.intention
5.cooperation　6.preference 　7.embarrassed　8.behaviour
維度三
1.Given that it’s raining outside
2.integrates Chinese and Western architectural styles
3.the fewer mistakes you will make
4.While/Although/Though we are confident in ourselves
5.It was not until the next day that
維度四
1.Borrowed　2.happens　3.to integrate　4.speakers
5.who　6.adopting　7.purity　8.welcoming　9.about　10.tendency
素養能力提升
Ⅰ.
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了一項關于變色龍效應的研究，告訴我們人們通過習得他人的行為來拉近彼此之間的距離。
1.C　細節理解題。根據第二段中的people acquire the behaviour of others to bring them closer together and help make their interactions smooth可知，人們為了與他人建立聯系，會習得他人的行為。
2.A　細節理解題。根據第四段中的The individuals weren’t aware of ... to ensure unconscious acts.可知，實驗者用一張照片吸引參與者的注意力來保證他們的無意識行為。
3.B　推理判斷題。根據第四段中的It has shown that when someone copies our behaviour， we develop more positive feelings about them.可推斷出，實驗表明，人們傾向于那些喜歡模仿自己行為的人。
4.D　推理判斷題。根據第二段中對變色龍效應的定義可知，隨著時間的推移，丈夫和妻子有相似的行為是變色龍效應，這是因為他們經常在一起相處，會無意識地互相模仿。
Ⅱ.
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了如何與他人擁有一段健康且長久的關系。
5.A　下文介紹的是要想與他人擁有一段健康且長久的關系，就不要向對方撒謊，要以誠相待，A項（對他們要誠實）與下文內容一致，符合語境。
6.F　根據空前后內容可知，本段內容告訴我們要尊重同伴，不要只考慮自己，要學會適應他們的喜好，F項（總的來說，學會研究同伴的情緒、需要和需求）能夠承接上下文，符合語境。
7.D　根據下文可知，本段內容告訴我們要帶給同伴積極的能量，讓他們覺得我們是可以依賴的人，D項（確保你在鼓勵你的同伴）能夠概括段落主旨，符合語境。
8.C　上文告訴我們要想與他人擁有一段健康且長久的關系，笑很重要，C項（笑能讓你們的關系更牢固、更持久）能夠承接上文，進一步闡述笑的重要性。
9.G　根據上文可知，本段內容告訴我們要與同伴進行良好的溝通，即使是一些令你不快的事，也要與他們交談，而不是尖叫，G項（如果他們做了讓你不開心的事情，請以一種尊重的方式告訴他們）能夠承接上文，繼續講述如何與同伴溝通。
Ⅲ.
語篇解讀：本文是一篇新聞報道。文章主要講述了高中生Vigil帶他的奶奶參加的校園舞會。
10.B　根據下文對Vigil帶Jarman去參加舞會的描述可知，他計劃給自己的奶奶留下一個難忘的回憶。
11.C　根據下文Why don’t you just take Grandma to the prom？可知，Vigil學校的舞會即將來臨。帶奶奶去參加他的校園舞會是他的妹妹給他提的建議。
12.A　參見上題解析。
13.A　根據下文the teenager asked his granny if ...prom of her life可知，Jarman從未參加過舞會。
14.D　根據下文students ...under 20可知，這是學校的規定。
15.B　由于學校規定學生們只能帶二十歲以下的舞伴，因此Vigil先聯系了學校校長，問他自己能不能帶奶奶去參加舞會。
16.B　根據下文Vigil把奶奶帶到舞會現場可知，校長批準了他的請求。于是他詢問奶奶是否愿意參加學校的舞會，奶奶接受了他的邀請。
17.D　參見上題解析。
18.B　參見第16題解析。
19.A　根據上文的students could only have partners under 20可知，其他學生都帶著和自己年齡相仿的舞伴。
20.C　起初Vigil內心有點忐忑，不知道他的同學看到他帶著自己的奶奶參加舞會作何反應。
21.D　之后看到同學們都很歡迎奶奶，他松了口氣。
22.C　根據下文的She almost had me crying可知，Vigil的奶奶隨著音樂一起唱這件事讓他很受觸動。
23.B　根據語境可知，Vigil的媽媽看到他努力想辦法讓奶奶開心，為他感到自豪。
24.A　根據語境可知，Vigil說：“奶奶是我最好的朋友，所以我想為她做一些特別的事情。”
Ⅳ.
　　Isabel told Amy not to jump around so much because the birds would be scared by her sudden movements.Amy calmed down， but she was shaking.Isabel asked Amy to just think about the birds.They carried each cage up to the reptile house.Some birds beat their wings when they felt the wind.Isabel spoke comfortingly to them， and they soon grew calmer.Amy watched in awe and tried to imitate Isabel.Finally， they finished relocating the birds and waited inside the reptile house for the storm to stop.
　　After several hours， the storm stopped， and Mrs Moreno was able to return to the center.She expressed concern that she’d left them alone for so long， but Mr Garza told her that Isabel’s cool thinking had saved the birds.Mrs Moreno looked at her daughter proudly.She asked Isabel how she could be so confident and courageous.Isabel said all she could think about was how scared the birds must have felt in their cages， and she just took charge.Isabel paused a second and added she felt proud of herself.
6 / 6Section Ⅳ　Extended reading & Project & Assessment
Borrowed words
　　“The restaurant’s fried tofu is delicious.” Is there anything special about this sentence？ Well， all the words except “the” and “is” are borrowed from other languages！[1]This comes as no surprise①， given② that English has borrowed words from more than 300 different languages， including Latin， Greek， French and Chinese.However， English is not alone in borrowing words from other languages—borrowed words can be found in almost all languages. For example， English words that are borrowed into the Chinese language include “bacon③”， “tank④” and “golf⑤”.
　　Word borrowing comes about⑥ when two cultures with different languages interact⑦.This tends to happen when there is no suitable word for an object or idea in the native tongue⑧. [2]This phenomenon⑨ has been occurring for thousands of years. In the current age of globalization⑩， when communications technology brings different cultures closer together， words are even more likely to be borrowed straight from the source language at a faster pace than ever before， especially those related to technological developments， such as “email” and “Internet”.
　　[1]句中given that用作連詞，引導狀語從句，意為“考慮到，鑒于”。
　　[2]本句的時態為現在完成進行時。基本結構是“主語＋have/has＋been＋doing ...”，表示謂語動詞所敘述的動作行為由過去開始，一直持續到說話之時且有可能還會繼續。
　　Though borrowing words has become faster， the process is still complex， and it takes time before new words are integrated into everyday speech. At first， the borrowed word is only used by bilingual speakers.[3]It then spreads to people who do not know the original language， and they will change the pronunciation to fit the way they speak， almost unknowingly .[4]An example of this is the word “kung fu ”， which refers to Chinese martial arts. This word comes from Chinese gongfu. Over time， the sounds that are difficult to pronounce have been replaced with more familiar ones.[5]The longer a borrowed word has been in use， the more it sounds and even looks like the native language.
　　Borrowed words are an outcome of language development that can hardly be avoided， but some language communities oppose adopting words from other cultures. There are countries that make interventions to keep their native language pure in order to defend their identity. The French specifically have an official organization that creates new words in order to avoid borrowed words.[6]Some languages have an extremely small number of speakers， such as the Native American Navajo language， used only by the members of the tribe .Under this circumstance， it becomes a matter of survival for the native language to reject outside influences.
　　[3]本句是and連接的并列句。前一個分句中含有who引導的定語從句，修飾先行詞people；后一個分句中動詞不定式短語to fit ... 作目的狀語；定語從句they speak修飾先行詞way。
　　[4]which引導非限制性定語從句，修飾先行詞kung fu。
　　[5]本句為“the＋比較級 ...， the＋比較級 ...”結構，意為“越……，就越……”。
　　[6]過去分詞短語used only by ...作后置定語，修飾名詞the Native American Navajo language。
　　[7]While some communities are pessimistic about the exchange between languages， there are also other communities that readily welcome borrowed words.English， especially， is based on a mix of Latin， Greek and Germanic languages. The English-speaking community does not hesitate about absorbing foreign words into its daily vocabulary. In fact， there have never been any formal academic restrictions on new borrowed words.[8]Borrowing words allows the language to continue to develop， enabling the community to have a more efficient language which makes it possible for them to share their experiences with new-found ease.[9]It is also through those words that novel ideas are spread and different beliefs are exchanged more conveniently and quickly.
　　According to the linguist Edward Sapir， “It would be difficult to point to a completely isolated language ...” For better or for worse ， the tendency to borrow words has never gone out of style .[10] The more international and globalized the world becomes， the more language characteristics will be shared between nations and cultures.
　　[7]While引導讓步狀語從句，意為“盡管，雖然”；that引導定語從句，修飾先行詞communities。
　　[8]動詞-ing短語enabling the ...作結果狀語，表示自然而然的結果。
　　[9]本句為強調句，句式結構為It is ...that ...，用來強調介詞短語through those words。
　　[10]本句為“the＋比較級 ...， the＋比較級 ...”結構。
【讀文清障】
①come as no surprise 不足為奇
②given prep.考慮到，鑒于 （后接名詞或that從句）
③bacon n.咸豬肉，熏豬肉
④tank n.坦克；（貯放液體或氣體的）罐
⑤golf n.高爾夫球運動
⑥come about 產生，發生
⑦interact v.互動；相互作用；交流
interaction n.
交流；相互影響
⑧native tongue母語
⑨phenomenon n.現象
⑩globalization n.全球化
integrate vt.& vi. （使）合并；（使）加入
bilingual adj.會說兩種語言的；用兩種語言（寫）的
unknowingly adv.未意識到地，不知不覺地，無意中
kung fu n.功夫
refer to 指的是
oppose vt.反對，抵制；與……對壘
intervention n.干涉行為，干預
intervene vi.干預，介入
pure adj.純凈的；完全的
tribe n.部落
reject vt.拒絕接受，不予考慮；不錄用；排斥，排異
rejection n.拒絕接受
（相信……）；否決
pessimistic adj.悲觀的，悲觀主義的
be pessimistic about 對……感到悲觀
be based on以……為基礎/根據
Germanic adj.日耳曼語的；德國的
restriction n.限制，約束
novel adj.新的，新穎的，新奇的
linguist n.語言學家；通曉數國語言的人
isolated adj.孤立的；單獨的；偏遠的
for better or for worse 不管是好是壞，不管結果如何
tendency n.趨勢，趨向；傾向，偏好
go out of style 過時
【參考譯文】
外來詞
　　“The restaurant’s fried tofu is delicious.（這家餐廳的炸豆腐真美味。）”這句話有什么特別之處嗎？好吧，除了“the ”和“is”之外，所有的單詞都是從其他語言中借來的！這并不奇怪，因為英語已從 300 多種不同的語言中借用了詞匯，包括拉丁語、希臘語、法語和漢語。然而，英語并不是唯一一種從其他語言引入外來詞的語言——幾乎所有語言中都可以找到外來詞。例如，被借用到漢語中的英語詞匯包括“培根 （bacon）”“坦克 （tank）”和“高爾夫 （golf）”。
　　當不同語言的兩種文化相互交流時，外來詞就產生了。這種情況往往發生在當母語中沒有合適的詞來表達某個物體或某種想法時。這一現象已經延續數千年。在如今的全球化時代中，當通信技術使得不同文化更加緊密地聯系在一起時，詞匯甚至更有可能會以前所未有的速度直接從原語言中被借用，特別是那些與技術發展相關的詞匯，如“電子郵件 （email）”和“互聯網 （Internet）”。
　　雖然借詞已變得更快，但是過程仍然復雜，新詞需要一段時間才能融入日常用語中。起初，外來詞只被雙語者所使用，然后這個詞會傳播到不懂原語言的人那里，并且他們會在幾乎不知不覺中改變外來詞的發音，使之適應自己的語言習慣。這一過程的一個例子就是“功夫 （kung fu）”這個詞，它指的是中國武術。這個詞來源于漢語詞匯“功夫 （gongfu）”。隨著時間的推移，難以發音的部分被更為熟悉的發音所取代了。一個外來詞使用的時間越長，它聽起來甚至看起來就越像本土語言。
　　雖然外來詞是語言發展幾乎難以避免的結果，但是一些語言群體反對從其他文化中吸收詞匯。有些國家為了捍衛自己的身份，對外來詞采取干預措施以保持自己母語的純正。法國人專門有一個創造新詞的官方組織，以避免外來詞。有些語言的使用者數量非常少，例如美洲印第安人的納瓦霍語，只有這個部落的成員使用。在這種情況下，拒絕外來影響關系著母語的生存問題。
　　盡管有些群體對語言之間的互借感到悲觀，但是也有其他群體對外來詞持欣然歡迎的態度。尤其是英語，它是基于拉丁語、希臘語和日耳曼語的混合體。英語群體毫不猶豫地將外語詞匯吸收到自己的日常詞匯中。事實上，他們對新的外來詞從來沒有任何正式的學術限制。借用外來詞使英語得以繼續發展，使得其群體擁有一種更為有效的語言，讓他們能夠以新發現的輕松狀態分享他們的經歷。也正是通過那些詞，新思想的傳播、不同觀點的交流得以更加便捷。
　　語言學家愛德華·薩丕爾認為：“很難指出一種完全孤立的語言……”。不管是好是壞，借用外來詞的趨勢從未過時。世界越是變得國際化和全球化，不同民族和文化之間就會共享更多語言特征。
第一步：析架構，理文本脈絡
Read the passage quickly and fill in the blanks with suitable words.
　
第二步：精讀文，達明察秋毫
Read the passage carefully and choose the best answer.
1.Why is the first sentence showed？（　　）
A.To show the sentence is indeed special.
B.To show English is difficult to understand.
C.To show that we had better not learn English.
D.To show that English is a language with many borrowed words.
2.Why does word borrowing happen all the time in the history？（　　）
A.It can meet the needs of mutual interaction.
B.It happens because of technological developments.
C.Words can be borrowed straight from the source language faster than before.
D.People in two different cultures like to communicate with each other.
3.What can we learn from Paragraphs 4 and 5？（　　）
A.The French are expert at creating new words.
B.Some languages with a small number of speakers will definitely die out.
C.Borrowing words are completely forbidden in some language communities.
D.In order to defend their identity， some language communities oppose borrowing words.
4.What is the author’s attitude towards borrowing words in English？（　　）
A.Pessimistic. B.Doubtful.
C.Optimistic. D.Indifferent.
5.Which column in the newspaper can you find the passage？（　　）
A.Economy. B.Culture.
C.Politics. D.Sports.
第三步：通詞句，學語言表達
1.詞匯學習——循規律，記單詞
skateboard （n.滑板）是由動詞（skate）＋名詞（board）合成的名詞。
合成名詞構詞法 例詞
名詞＋名詞 weekend
名詞＋動詞 daybreak
名詞＋動詞-ing形式 handwriting
名詞＋及物動詞＋er/or painkiller
名詞＋介詞＋名詞 editor-in-chief
動詞＋名詞 typewriter
動詞-ing形式＋名詞 reading room
形容詞＋名詞 gentleman
副詞＋動詞 outbreak
介詞＋名詞 afternoon
2.美句欣賞——賞佳句，品用法
舉例子：舉例子是通過列舉有代表性的、恰當的事例來說明事物特征的說明方法。舉例子的作用是使文章表達的意思更明確，更生動形象，使讀者更明白，還可以增強說服力，引發讀者思考。
請從課文第一段中找出此類用法的句子。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
Part Ⅰ　核心詞匯集釋
integrate vt.& vi.（使）合并；（使）加入
【教材原句】　Though borrowing words has become faster， the process is still complex， and it takes time before new words are integrated into everyday speech.
雖然借詞已變得更快，但是過程仍然復雜，新詞需要一段時間才能融入日常用語中。
【用法】
（1）integrate （sb/sth） into ...（使某人/物）融進/加入…… integrate A and/with B 將A和B合并/融合 （2）integrated adj. 各部分密切配合的；綜合的 （3）integration n. 結合；整合；融合
【佳句】　Integrating the kids with the community is essential.
使孩子們融入這個社區是非常必要的。
His music is an integration of tradition and new technology.他的音樂結合了傳統和新技術。
【練透】　單句語法填空
①It’s very difficult to integrate yourself 　　　　　　a society whose culture is so different from your own.
②The aim is to promote closer economic 　　　　　　（integrate）.
【寫美】　翻譯句子
③圍繞某一題目寫作有助于你將新知識和已有知識結合起來。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
oppose vt.反對，抵制；與……對壘
【教材原句】　Borrowed words are an outcome of language development that can hardly be avoided， but some language communities oppose adopting words from other cultures.
雖然外來詞是語言發展幾乎難以避免的結果，但是一些語言群體反對從其他文化中吸收詞匯。
【用法】
（1）oppose （doing） sth　　反對（做）某事 oppose sb/sb’s doing sth 反對某人做某事 （2）opposed adj. 反對的；對立的 be opposed to （doing） sth反對（做）某事；與……對立 （3）opposing adj.　對立的；相競爭的；相反的 opposite adj. 對面的；相反的
【佳句】　Although we were opposed to littering， some visitors ignored us and behaved badly.盡管我們反對亂扔垃圾，但一些游客無視我們，行為惡劣。
【練透】　單句語法填空
①The local residents strongly oppose 　　　　（build） a chemical factory in this area.
②She seems very much opposed 　　　　　　your going abroad.
③The senior students are strongly opposed to 　　　　　　　　（treat） unfairly by others.
【寫美】　句型轉換
④In order to protect the environment， I firmly object to using disposable chopsticks.
→In order to protect the environment， I 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
tendency n.趨勢，趨向；傾向，偏好
【教材原句】　According to the linguist Edward Sapir， “It would be difficult to point to a completely isolated language ...” For better or for worse， the tendency to borrow words has never gone out of style.語言學家愛德華·薩丕爾認為：“很難指出一種完全孤立的語言……”。不管是好是壞，借用外來詞的趨勢從未過時。
【用法】
（1）have a tendency to do sth　有做某事的傾向 there is a（n） ... tendency （for sb/sth） to do sth（某人/某物）有做某事的傾向/趨勢 （2）tend vt. 　　　照顧；照料 vi. 傾向；趨于 tend to do sth 易于做某事，往往會發生某事 tend （to） sb 照顧某人 tend to/towards 傾向于，趨于
【佳句】　He has a tendency to be optimistic when faced with difficulties.
＝He tends to be optimistic when faced with difficulties.面對困難時，他有樂觀的傾向。
【練透】　單句語法填空
①It means that more heat energy tends 　　　　　　　　（trap） in the atmosphere causing the global temperature to go up.
②Personally， I tend 　　　　　　the second plan that you offered， because it is much easier than the first one.
【寫美】　一句多譯
③據報道房價在某些城市有下降的趨勢。
→It is reported that housing prices 　　　　　　　　in some cities.（tend）
→It is reported that housing prices 　　　　　　　　　　　　in some cities.（tendency）
Part Ⅱ　中頻詞匯特訓
pessimistic adj.悲觀的，悲觀主義的
【教材原句】　While some communities are pessimistic about the exchange between languages， there are also other communities that readily welcome borrowed words.
盡管有些群體對語言之間的互借感到悲觀，但是也有其他群體對外來詞持欣然歡迎的態度。
【用法】
（1）（be） pessimistic about ...對……悲觀的 a pessimistic view of life 對人生悲觀的看法 （2）pessimism n. 悲觀；悲觀主義 pessimist n. 悲觀主義者
【佳句】　He was pessimistic about his future， but since he got his new job， he has become very optimistic.他曾對未來感到悲觀，但是自從找到新工作后，他變得很樂觀。
【練透】　單句語法填空
①He was criticised for an excessively 　　　　　　（pessimism） view of life.
②You will never succeed unless you get rid of your 　　　　　　（pessimistic）.
【寫美】　完成句子
③The doctors 　　　　　　　　　　　　　his chances of making a full recovery.
醫生們對他完全康復的可能性持悲觀的態度。
Part Ⅲ　重點句型解構
句型公式：“the＋比較級 ...，the＋比較級 ...”結構
【教材原句】　The longer a borrowed word has been in use， the more it sounds and even looks like the native language.一個外來詞使用的時間越長，它聽起來甚至看起來就越像本土語言。
【用法】
“the＋比較級 ...，the＋比較級 ...”意為“越……，就越……”，表示后者隨著前者的變化而變化，前一個“the＋比較級 ...”通常相當于比較狀語從句或條件狀語從句，后一個“the＋比較級 ...”通常相當于主句。 （1）“the＋比較級 ... the＋比較級 ...”結構中，主句和從句的時態常用一般現在時或一般過去時。若主句的謂語動詞用一般將來時，從句的謂語動詞要用一般現在時表示將來。 （2）在意義明確的情況下，主從句都可以有所省略，特別是在諺語、俗語中。 The more， the better.多多益善。
【品悟】　The higher the ground is， the thinner the air becomes.
離地面越高，空氣就越稀薄。
The more we do for the people， the happier we will be.
我們為人民做得越多，我們就會越幸福。
【寫美】　完成句子
①Generally speaking， 　　　　　　　　an athlete trains before a match， 　　　　　　　he will win.
一般說來，一個運動員在賽前訓練得越刻苦，他獲勝的可能性就越大。
②　　　　　　　　　　 you read the book， 　　　　　　　　　　you’ll feel.
這本書你讀得越多，你就越會覺得有趣。
③　　　　　　　　　　 the questions are， 　　　　　　　　he is able to answer them.
問題越難，他回答出來的可能性就越小。
④　　　　　　　 you read， 　　　　　　　you’ll gain.
你讀的書越多，學到的知識就越多。
⑤　　　　　　　　 fish there are in the pond， 　　　　　　　　it is to catch one.
池塘里的魚越少，就越難抓到一條魚。
Section Ⅳ　Extended reading & Project & Assessment
【文本透析·剖語篇】
第一步
1.Borrowed words　2.reasons　3.process　4.attitudes
5.Welcoming　6.gone out of style
第二步
1－5　DADCB
第三步
2.For example， English words that are borrowed into the Chinese language include “bacon”， “tank” and “golf”.
【核心知識·巧突破】
Part Ⅰ
1.①into　②integration　③Writing about a topic helps you integrate new knowledge with what you already know.
2.①building　②to　③being treated　④firmly oppose/am firmly opposed to using disposable chopsticks
3.①to be trapped　②to/towards　③tend to decrease； have a tendency to decrease
Part Ⅱ
　①pessimistic　②pessimism　③are pessimistic about
Part Ⅲ
　①the harder； the more likely　②The more； the more interesting　③The more difficult； the less likely　④The more books； the more knowledge　⑤The fewer； the harder
6 / 8(共96張PPT)
Section Ⅳ　Extended reading & Project & Assessment
1
篇章助解·釋疑難
目 錄
2
文本透析·剖語篇
4
課時檢測·提能力
3
核心知識·巧突破
篇章助解·釋疑難
力推課前預習
1
Borrowed words
　　“The restaurant’s fried tofu is delicious.” Is there anything
special about this sentence？ Well， all the words except “the” and
“is” are borrowed from other languages！[1]This comes as no surprise
①， given② that English has borrowed words from more than 300 different
languages， including Latin， Greek， French and Chinese.However，
English is not alone in borrowing words from other languages—borrowed
words can be found in almost all languages. For example， English words
that are borrowed into the Chinese language include “bacon③”，
“tank④” and “golf⑤”.
　　Word borrowing comes about⑥ when two cultures with different
languages interact⑦.This tends to happen when there is no suitable word
for an object or idea in the native tongue⑧. [2]This phenomenon⑨ has
been occurring for thousands of years. In the current age of globalization
⑩， when communications technology brings different cultures closer
together， words are even more likely to be borrowed straight from the
source language at a faster pace than ever before， especially those related
to technological developments， such as “email” and “Internet”.
　　[1]句中given that用作連詞，引導狀語從句，意為“考慮到，鑒
于”。
　　[2]本句的時態為現在完成進行時。基本結構是“主語＋
have/has＋been＋doing ...”，表示謂語動詞所敘述的動作行為由過
去開始，一直持續到說話之時且有可能還會繼續。
【讀文清障】
①come as no surprise 不足為奇
②given prep.考慮到，鑒于 （后接名詞或that從句）
③bacon n.咸豬肉，熏豬肉
④tank n.坦克；（貯放液體或氣體的）罐
⑤golf n.高爾夫球運動
⑥come about 產生，發生
⑦interact v.互動；相互作用；交流
interaction n.交流；相互影響
⑧native tongue母語
⑨phenomenon n.現象
⑩globalization n.全球化
　　Though borrowing words has become faster， the process is still
complex， and it takes time before new words are integrated into
everyday speech. At first， the borrowed word is only used by bilingual
speakers.[3]It then spreads to people who do not know the original
language， and they will change the pronunciation to fit the way they
speak， almost unknowingly .[4]An example of this is the word “kung
fu ”， which refers to Chinese martial arts. This word comes from
Chinese gongfu. Over time， the sounds that are difficult to pronounce have been replaced with more familiar ones.[5]The longer a borrowed word has been in use， the more it sounds and even looks like the native language.
　　Borrowed words are an outcome of language development that can
hardly be avoided， but some language communities oppose adopting
words from other cultures. There are countries that make interventions
to keep their native language pure in order to defend their identity. The
French specifically have an official organization that creates new words in
order to avoid borrowed words.[6]Some languages have an extremely
small number of speakers， such as the Native American Navajo
language， used only by the members of the tribe .Under this
circumstance， it becomes a matter of survival for the native language to
reject outside influences.
　　[3]本句是and連接的并列句。前一個分句中含有who引導的定語
從句，修飾先行詞people；后一個分句中動詞不定式短語to fit ... 作
目的狀語；定語從句they speak修飾先行詞way。
　　[4]which引導非限制性定語從句，修飾先行詞kung fu。
　　[5]本句為“the＋比較級 ...， the＋比較級 ...”結構，意為
“越……，就越……”。
　　[6]過去分詞短語used only by ...作后置定語，修飾名詞the
Native American Navajo language。
integrate vt.& vi. （使）合并；（使）加入
bilingual adj.會說兩種語言的；用兩種語言（寫）的
unknowingly adv.未意識到地，不知不覺地，無意中
kung fu n.功夫
refer to 指的是
oppose vt.反對，抵制；與……對壘
intervention n.干涉行為，干預
intervene vi.干預，介入
pure adj.純凈的；完全的
tribe n.部落
reject vt.拒絕接受，不予考慮；不錄用；排斥，排異
rejection n.拒絕接受（相信……）；否決
　　[7]While some communities are pessimistic about the exchange
between languages， there are also other communities that readily
welcome borrowed words.English， especially， is based on a mix of
Latin， Greek and Germanic languages. The English-speaking
community does not hesitate about absorbing foreign words into its daily
vocabulary.
In fact， there have never been any formal academic restrictions on new
borrowed words.[8]Borrowing words allows the language to continue to
develop， enabling the community to have a more efficient language
which makes it possible for them to share their experiences with new-
found ease.[9]It is also through those words that novel ideas are spread
and different beliefs are exchanged more conveniently and quickly.
　　According to the linguist Edward Sapir， “It would be difficult to
point to a completely isolated language ...” For better or for worse ，
the tendency to borrow words has never gone out of style .[10] The
more international and globalized the world becomes， the more language
characteristics will be shared between nations and cultures.
　　[7]While引導讓步狀語從句，意為“盡管，雖然”；that引導定
語從句，修飾先行詞communities。
　　[8]動詞-ing短語enabling the ...作結果狀語，表示自然而然
的結果。
　　[9]本句為強調句，句式結構為It is ...that ...，用來強調介詞短
語through those words。
　　[10]本句為“the＋比較級 ...， the＋比較級 ...”結構。
pessimistic adj.悲觀的，悲觀主義的
be pessimistic about 對……感到悲觀
be based on以……為基礎/根據
Germanic adj.日耳曼語的；德國的
restriction n.限制，約束
novel adj.新的，新穎的，新奇的
linguist n.語言學家；通曉數國語言的人
isolated adj.孤立的；單獨的；偏遠的
for better or for worse 不管是好是壞，不管結果如何
tendency n.趨勢，趨向；傾向，偏好
go out of style過時
【參考譯文】
外來詞
　　“The restaurant’s fried tofu is delicious.（這家餐廳的炸豆腐真
美味。）”這句話有什么特別之處嗎？好吧，除了“the ”和“is”之
外，所有的單詞都是從其他語言中借來的！這并不奇怪，因為英語已
從 300 多種不同的語言中借用了詞匯，包括拉丁語、希臘語、法語和
漢語。然而，英語并不是唯一一種從其他語言引入外來詞的語言——
幾乎所有語言中都可以找到外來詞。例如，被借用到漢語中的英語詞
匯包括“培根 （bacon）”“坦克 （tank）”和“高爾夫 （golf）”。
　　當不同語言的兩種文化相互交流時，外來詞就產生了。這種情況
往往發生在當母語中沒有合適的詞來表達某個物體或某種想法時。這
一現象已經延續數千年。在如今的全球化時代中，當通信技術使得不
同文化更加緊密地聯系在一起時，詞匯甚至更有可能會以前所未有的
速度直接從原語言中被借用，特別是那些與技術發展相關的詞匯，如
“電子郵件 （email）”和“互聯網 （Internet）”。
　　雖然借詞已變得更快，但是過程仍然復雜，新詞需要一段時間才
能融入日常用語中。起初，外來詞只被雙語者所使用，然后這個詞會
傳播到不懂原語言的人那里，并且他們會在幾乎不知不覺中改變外來
詞的發音，使之適應自己的語言習慣。這一過程的一個例子就是“功
夫 （kung fu）”這個詞，它指的是中國武術。這個詞來源于漢語詞
匯“功夫 （gongfu）”。隨著時間的推移，難以發音的部分被更為熟
悉的發音所取代了。一個外來詞使用的時間越長，它聽起來甚至看起
來就越像本土語言。
　　雖然外來詞是語言發展幾乎難以避免的結果，但是一些語言群體
反對從其他文化中吸收詞匯。有些國家為了捍衛自己的身份，對外來
詞采取干預措施以保持自己母語的純正。法國人專門有一個創造新詞
的官方組織，以避免外來詞。有些語言的使用者數量非常少，例如美
洲印第安人的納瓦霍語，只有這個部落的成員使用。在這種情況下，
拒絕外來影響關系著母語的生存問題。
　　盡管有些群體對語言之間的互借感到悲觀，但是也有其他群體對
外來詞持欣然歡迎的態度。尤其是英語，它是基于拉丁語、希臘語和
日耳曼語的混合體。英語群體毫不猶豫地將外語詞匯吸收到自己的日
常詞匯中。事實上，他們對新的外來詞從來沒有任何正式的學術限
制。借用外來詞使英語得以繼續發展，使得其群體擁有一種更為有效
的語言，讓他們能夠以新發現的輕松狀態分享他們的經歷。也正是通
過那些詞，新思想的傳播、不同觀點的交流得以更加便捷。
　　語言學家愛德華·薩丕爾認為：“很難指出一種完全孤立的語
言……”。不管是好是壞，借用外來詞的趨勢從未過時。世界越是變
得國際化和全球化，不同民族和文化之間就會共享更多語言特征。
文本透析·剖語篇
助力語篇理解
2
第一步：析架構，理文本脈絡
Read the passage quickly and
fill in the blanks with suitable
words.
第二步：精讀文，達明察秋毫
Read the passage carefully and choose the best answer.
1. Why is the first sentence showed？（　　）
A. To show the sentence is indeed special.
B. To show English is difficult to understand.
C. To show that we had better not learn English.
D. To show that English is a language with many borrowed words.
2. Why does word borrowing happen all the time in the history？（　　）
A. It can meet the needs of mutual interaction.
B. It happens because of technological developments.
C. Words can be borrowed straight from the source language faster than
before.
D. People in two different cultures like to communicate with each other.
3. What can we learn from Paragraphs 4 and 5？（　　）
A. The French are expert at creating new words.
B. Some languages with a small number of speakers will definitely die
out.
C. Borrowing words are completely forbidden in some language
communities.
D. In order to defend their identity， some language communities oppose
borrowing words.
4. What is the author’s attitude towards borrowing words in English？
（　　）
A. Pessimistic. B. Doubtful.
C. Optimistic. D. Indifferent.
5. Which column in the newspaper can you find the passage？（　　）
A. Economy. B. Culture.
C. Politics. D. Sports.
第三步：通詞句，學語言表達
1. 詞匯學習——循規律，記單詞
skateboard （n.滑板）是由動詞（skate）＋名詞（board）合成
的名詞。
合成名詞構詞法 例詞
名詞＋名詞 weekend
名詞＋動詞 daybreak
名詞＋動詞-ing形式 handwriting
合成名詞構詞法 例詞
名詞＋及物動詞＋er/or painkiller
名詞＋介詞＋名詞 editor-in-chief
動詞＋名詞 typewriter
動詞-ing形式＋名詞 reading room
形容詞＋名詞 gentleman
副詞＋動詞 outbreak
介詞＋名詞 afternoon
2. 美句欣賞——賞佳句，品用法
舉例子：舉例子是通過列舉有代表性的、恰當的事例來說明事物特
征的說明方法。舉例子的作用是使文章表達的意思更明確，更生動
形象，使讀者更明白，還可以增強說服力，引發讀者思考。
請從課文第一段中找出此類用法的句子。


For example， English words that are borrowed into the Chinese
language include “bacon”， “tank” and “golf”.
核心知識·巧突破
探究課堂重點
3
Part Ⅰ　核心詞匯集釋
integrate vt.& vi.（使）合并；（使）加入
【教材原句】　Though borrowing words has become faster， the
process is still complex， and it takes time before new words are
integrated into everyday speech.
雖然借詞已變得更快，但是過程仍然復雜，新詞需要一段時間才能融
入日常用語中。
【用法】
（1）integrate （sb/sth） into ...（使某人/物）融進/加入……
integrate A and/with B 將A和B合并/融合
（2）integrated adj.　　各部分密切配合的；綜合的
（3）integration n.　　結合；整合；融合
【佳句】　Integrating the kids with the community is essential.使孩子
們融入這個社區是非常必要的。
His music is an integration of tradition and new technology.他的音樂結
合了傳統和新技術。
【練透】　單句語法填空
①It’s very difficult to integrate yourself a society whose culture
is so different from your own.
②The aim is to promote closer economic （integrate）.
into　
integration　
【寫美】　翻譯句子
③圍繞某一題目寫作有助于你將新知識和已有知識結合起來。


Writing about a topic helps you integrate new knowledge with what you
already know.
oppose vt.反對，抵制；與……對壘
【教材原句】　Borrowed words are an outcome of language
development that can hardly be avoided， but some language communities
oppose adopting words from other cultures.
雖然外來詞是語言發展幾乎難以避免的結果，但是一些語言群體反對
從其他文化中吸收詞匯。
【用法】
（1）oppose （doing） sth　　反對（做）某事
oppose sb/sb’s doing sth　　反對某人做某事
（2）opposed adj.　　反對的；對立的
be opposed to （doing） sth 反對（做）某事；與……對立
（3）opposing adj.　對立的；相競爭的；相反的
opposite adj.　　對面的；相反的
【佳句】　Although we were opposed to littering， some visitors
ignored us and behaved badly.盡管我們反對亂扔垃圾，但一些游客無
視我們，行為惡劣。
【練透】　單句語法填空
①The local residents strongly oppose （build） a chemical
factory in this area.
②She seems very much opposed your going abroad.
③The senior students are strongly opposed to （treat）
unfairly by others.
building　
to　
being treated　
【寫美】　句型轉換
④In order to protect the environment， I firmly object to using disposable
chopsticks.
→In order to protect the environment，I
.
firmly oppose/am firmly
opposed to using disposable chopsticks　
tendency n.趨勢，趨向；傾向，偏好
【教材原句】　According to the linguist Edward Sapir， “It would be
difficult to point to a completely isolated language ...” For better or for
worse， the tendency to borrow words has never gone out of style.語言
學家愛德華·薩丕爾認為：“很難指出一種完全孤立的語言……”。
不管是好是壞，借用外來詞的趨勢從未過時。
【用法】
（1）have a tendency to do sth　有做某事的傾向
there is a（n） ... tendency （for sb/sth） to do sth（某人/某物）有做
某事的傾向/趨勢
（2）tend vt. 　照顧；照料
vi.　　傾向；趨于
tend to do sth　　易于做某事，往往會發生某事
tend （to） sb　　照顧某人
tend to/towards　　傾向于，趨于
【佳句】　He has a tendency to be optimistic when faced with
difficulties.
＝He tends to be optimistic when faced with difficulties.面對困難時，他
有樂觀的傾向。
【練透】　單句語法填空
①It means that more heat energy tends （trap） in the
atmosphere causing the global temperature to go up.
②Personally， I tend the second plan that you offered，
because it is much easier than the first one.
to be trapped　
to/towards　
【寫美】　一句多譯
③據報道房價在某些城市有下降的趨勢。
→It is reported that housing prices in some cities.
（tend）
→It is reported that housing prices in
some cities.（tendency）
tend to decrease　
have a tendency to decrease　
Part Ⅱ　中頻詞匯特訓
pessimistic adj.悲觀的，悲觀主義的
【教材原句】　While some communities are pessimistic about the
exchange between languages， there are also other communities that
readily welcome borrowed words.
盡管有些群體對語言之間的互借感到悲觀，但是也有其他群體對外來
詞持欣然歡迎的態度。
【用法】
（1）（be） pessimistic about ...對……悲觀的
a pessimistic view of life　　對人生悲觀的看法
（2）pessimism n.　　悲觀；悲觀主義
pessimist n.　　悲觀主義者
【佳句】　He was pessimistic about his future， but since he got his
new job， he has become very optimistic.
他曾對未來感到悲觀，但是自從找到新工作后，他變得很樂觀。
【練透】　單句語法填空
①He was criticised for an excessively （pessimism）
view of life.
②You will never succeed unless you get rid of your
（pessimistic）.
pessimistic　
pessimism　
【寫美】　完成句子
③The doctors his chances of making a full
recovery.
醫生們對他完全康復的可能性持悲觀的態度。
are pessimistic about　
Part Ⅲ　重點句型解構
句型公式：“the＋比較級 ...，the＋比較級 ...”結構
【教材原句】　The longer a borrowed word has been in use， the more
it sounds and even looks like the native language.一個外來詞使用的時間
越長，它聽起來甚至看起來就越像本土語言。
【用法】
“the＋比較級 ...，the＋比較級 ...”意為“越……，就
越……”，表示后者隨著前者的變化而變化，前一個“the＋比較
級 ...”通常相當于比較狀語從句或條件狀語從句，后一個“the＋
比較級 ...”通常相當于主句。
（1）“the＋比較級 ... the＋比較級 ...”結構中，主句和從句的時
態常用一般現在時或一般過去時。若主句的謂語動詞用一般將來
時，從句的謂語動詞要用一般現在時表示將來。
（2）在意義明確的情況下，主從句都可以有所省略，特別是在諺
語、俗語中。
The more， the better.多多益善。
【品悟】　The higher the ground is， the thinner the air becomes.離地
面越高，空氣就越稀薄。
The more we do for the people， the happier we will be.我們為人民做
得越多，我們就會越幸福。
【寫美】　完成句子
①Generally speaking， an athlete trains before a
match， he will win.
一般說來，一個運動員在賽前訓練得越刻苦，他獲勝的可能性就
越大。
② you read the book， you’ll
feel.
這本書你讀得越多，你就越會覺得有趣。
the harder　
the more likely　
The more　
the more interesting　
③ the questions are， he is able
to answer them.
問題越難，他回答出來的可能性就越小。
④ you read， you’ll
gain.
你讀的書越多，學到的知識就越多。
⑤ fish there are in the pond， it is to catch
one.
池塘里的魚越少，就越難抓到一條魚。
The more difficult　
the less likely　
The more books　
the more knowledge　
The fewer　
the harder　
課時檢測·提能力
培育學科素養
4
維度一：品句填詞
根據所給單詞的首字母或漢語提示，寫出單詞的正確形式。
1. Her proposal got r ， which made her quite disappointed.
2. Each child was told to r a poem to the class before class.
3. Pay more attention to your h and you will make much
progress in your study.
ejected　
ecite　
andwriting　
4. My teacher approved of me taking part in the speech c to be
held by my school next Friday.
5. By the age of two， a child will have a v of about two
hundred words.
6. It seems that these ants can （忍受） temperatures which
would kill other species.
7. They appeared surprisingly （悲觀的） about their
chances of winning.
ontest　
ocabulary　
tolerate　
pessimistic　
8. According to the survey， most of the local residents （反
對） closing the hospital.
9. The two criminals （溜） out of the diamond shop，
disappearing in the darkness.
10. These shirts are comfortable to wear because they are made from 100
％ （完全的） cotton.
oppose　
slipped　
pure　
維度二：詞形轉換
用括號內單詞的正確形式填空。
1. She said she couldn’t speak English （fluent） as
before.
2. The medical experts say there is a （tend） for this
disease to run in rural villages.
3. We （sincere） hope that you will soon be restored to
health.
fluently　
tendency　
sincerely　
4. I came with the （intend） of staying， but now I’ve
decided to leave.
5. But for your close （cooperate）， we wouldn’t
have done the work so well.
6. The amount of sugar you add will depend on personal
（prefer）.
7. Sometimes， I feel a little （embarrass） by my
improper manner at table.
8. I must say I thought your （behave） at the party was a
bit out of line.
intention　
cooperation　
preference　
embarrassed　
behaviour　
維度三：固定搭配和句式
根據漢語及括號內提示完成下列句子。
1. 考慮到外面在下雨，我們最好待在室內。（given that ...）
， we’d better stay indoors.
2. 這棟房子融合了中西方的建筑風格。（integrate ...and ...）
The house .
3. 你越小心，犯的錯誤就越少。（the＋比較級 ...， the＋比較
級 ...）
The more careful you are， .
Given that it’s raining outside　
integrates Chinese and Western architectural styles　
the fewer mistakes you will make　
4. 盡管我們對自己很自信，我們還是應該意識到別人的長處并向他們
表示尊敬。（讓步狀語從句）
， we
should recognize strengths in others and show respect for them.
5. 直到第二天，我才得知事情的真相。 （強調句）
I learned the truth.
While/Although/Though we are confident in ourselves　
It was not until the next day that　
維度四：課文語法填空
閱讀課文內容，在空白處填入1個適當的單詞或括號內單詞的正確
形式。
　　1. （borrow） words can be found in almost all
languages.Word borrowing 2. （happen） when two
cultures interact with different languages.But it will take a long time for
borrowed words 3. （integrate） into daily speech.
Borrowed　
happens　
to integrate　
　　At first， borrowed words are only used by bilingual 4.
（speak）.It then spreads to people 5. do not know the original
language.Now some language communities oppose 6.
（adopt） words from other cultures and make interventions to keep the
7. （pure） of native languages.While some people are against
borrowed words， there are others 8. （welcome） it.
　　Although there exist people who are pessimistic 9. it， the
10. （tend） to borrow words has never gone out of style.
speakers　
who　
adopting　
purity　
welcoming　
about　
tendency　
Ⅰ.閱讀理解
　　Have you ever been in mid-conversation with someone， when you
look over and find them standing in the same position as you or holding the
same facial expression？ It may seem like they have consciously （有意
識地） copied you， but it is much more likely that it is the chameleon
（變色龍） effect at play.
　　The chameleon effect is the unconscious imitation of another
person’s gestures or behaviour.Just as a chameleon attempts to match
any environment’s colours， people acquire the behaviour of others to
bring them closer together and help make their interactions smooth.
　　The chameleon effect was confirmed in an experiment by
psychologists John Bargh and Tanya Chartrand in 1999.The first part of
their experiment included 78 people， who each spoke with an
experimenter.During the test， Bargh and Chartrand studied whether
participants would copy the actions of someone they hadn’t met before，
like moving the foot and touching the face.The second part measured the
impact that copying someone has on the person being imitated.
　　In the first stage， participants increased their face touching by 20％
and their foot movement by 50％ while in conversation about a photograph
with the experimenter.The individuals weren’t aware of what they were
being studied for， and the photograph was used to catch their attention to
ensure unconscious acts.The second stage involved half of the participants
being copied， and then rating the likeability of the experimenter.The
results showed that those who were imitated scored the experimenter
higher.It has shown that when someone copies our behaviour， we
develop more positive feelings about them.These interactions could be a
person unconsciously willing to be liked， and forming a moment of
connection.
　　The main reasons behind humans’ imitation are
positive.However， when people carry this chameleon effect to the
extreme， they can lose their sense of self.Those who change their entire
personalities in different groups often go undetected.But more common
signs of the chameleon effect are easier to notice.Next time you are in a
social gathering， take a look around and you might just see some
chameleons for yourself.
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了一項關于變色龍效應的
研究，告訴我們人們通過習得他人的行為來拉近彼此之間的距離。
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了一項關于變色龍效應的
研究，告訴我們人們通過習得他人的行為來拉近彼此之間的距離。
1. Why do people acquire others’ behaviour？（　　）
A. To match the environment’s colours.
B. To attract others’ attention.
C. To establish a connection with others.
D. To adapt to the surroundings.
解析：　細節理解題。根據第二段中的people acquire the
behaviour of others to bring them closer together and help make their
interactions smooth可知，人們為了與他人建立聯系，會習得他人的
行為。
2. How did the experimenter guarantee participants’ unconscious
behaviour？（　　）
A. By directing their attention to a photo.
B. By keeping a close eye on their actions.
C. By telling them the purpose of the study.
D. By evaluating the impacts of their imitation.
解析：　細節理解題。根據第四段中的The individuals weren’t
aware of ... to ensure unconscious acts.可知，實驗者用一張照片吸
引參與者的注意力來保證他們的無意識行為。
3. What conclusion can be drawn from the experiment？（　　）
A. Too much of the chameleon effect can be beneficial.
B. People tend to like those who imitate their behaviour.
C. People imitating others are not easy to be detected.
D. The copied movements help people to feel relaxed.
解析：　推理判斷題。根據第四段中的It has shown that when
someone copies our behaviour， we develop more positive feelings
about them.可推斷出，實驗表明，人們傾向于那些喜歡模仿自己行
為的人。
4. Which of the following shows the chameleon effect according to the
passage？（　　）
A. A comedian copies a celebrity vividly on stage.
B. Students adopt teachers’ accents for fun after class.
C. People change their habits to please others on purpose.
D. A husband and his wife share similar behaviour over time.
解析：　推理判斷題。根據第二段中對變色龍效應的定義可知，
隨著時間的推移，丈夫和妻子有相似的行為是變色龍效應，這是因
為他們經常在一起相處，會無意識地互相模仿。
Ⅱ.閱讀七選五
How to Keep a Relationship Healthy and Strong
　　Are you new to experiencing relationships？ Well， let me give you
advice on having a healthy and possibly long-term relationship.
　　5. （　　） Do not hide things from them； do not lie.Don’t be
afraid to say things that aren’t very flattering about yourself.Getting
them to trust you is the most important element in any relationship.If
there’s no trust， there’s nothing there.So please be honest and
they’ll learn to open up to you.
　　Make sure you give them respect.Now respect isn’t just simply
treating her or him nicely.There’s a lot more to it.You have to learn to
adjust to their liking.6.（　　） Don’t just think about yourself； think
about what your partner needs out of it as well.
　　 7. （　　） Always be willing to help them and give them positivity
at the same time.Make them feel you are someone they can really depend
on and build a future with.This is an important step in a relationship.Your
partner has to be able to count on you when you are needed.
　　Make sure you have a good sense of humour with them.Laughter is
the key to happiness.Laugh a lot with them； joke with them.Laughter
may seem silly， but it’s the secret to a lot in life.It will keep the sparks
alive.8.（　　）
　　Make sure the communication is good.This goes along with trust，
but always communicate how you feel， even if it’s something that
upsets you.Instead of screaming， talk to them.9.（　　） It’s
important to communicate this to them， instead of keeping it bottled up.
A. Be an honest person with them.
B. Show them your personality.
C. Laughter keeps the relationship strong and lasting.
D. Make sure you are encouraging to your partner.
E. Don’t start to neglect them and make them feel unwanted.
F. Basically， learn to study your partners’ moods， wants and needs.
G. If they did something that made you unhappy， tell them about it in a
respectful manner.
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了如何與他人擁有一
段健康且長久的關系。
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了如何與他人擁有一
段健康且長久的關系。
5. A　下文介紹的是要想與他人擁有一段健康且長久的關系，就不要
向對方撒謊，要以誠相待，A項（對他們要誠實）與下文內容一致，
符合語境。
6. F　根據空前后內容可知，本段內容告訴我們要尊重同伴，不要只
考慮自己，要學會適應他們的喜好，F項（總的來說，學會研究同伴
的情緒、需要和需求）能夠承接上下文，符合語境。
7. D　根據下文可知，本段內容告訴我們要帶給同伴積極的能量，讓
他們覺得我們是可以依賴的人，D項（確保你在鼓勵你的同伴）能夠
概括段落主旨，符合語境。
8. C　上文告訴我們要想與他人擁有一段健康且長久的關系，笑很重
要，C項（笑能讓你們的關系更牢固、更持久）能夠承接上文，進一
步闡述笑的重要性。
9. G　根據上文可知，本段內容告訴我們要與同伴進行良好的溝通，
即使是一些令你不快的事，也要與他們交談，而不是尖叫，G項（如
果他們做了讓你不開心的事情，請以一種尊重的方式告訴他們）能夠
承接上文，繼續講述如何與同伴溝通。
Ⅲ.完形填空
　　Julia Jarman’s family was upset when she was diagnosed （診斷）
with cancer.But soon， her grandson Vigil made a plan to fill Jarman’s
last days with an unforgettable 　10　.
　　When Vigil’s high school prom （舞會） was 　11　， his sister
said， “Why don’t you just take Grandma to the prom？” Hearing his
sister’s 　12　， the 17-year-old immediately remembered that Jarman
had 　13　 been to a prom.But his school had a（n） 　14　 that
students could only have partners under 20， so Vigil first 　15　 the
principal of his school to ask him if he could bring his
grandmother.Luckily， the principal gave him 　16　.Excited， the
teenager asked his granny if she would like to 　17　 the first prom of her
life， and she 　18　 the invitation.
　　 While other teenagers walked into the venue with girls of
their 　19　， Vigil entered with his grandmother on his arm.At first，
Vigil wasn’t sure how his schoolmates would 　20　 to watching him
dance with Jarman.Later， he was 　21　 to see everyone welcomed her.
　　The DJ played Jarman’s favourite song.Vigil recalled the 　22　
moment， “She almost had me crying as she was singing it along with
me while we were dancing.”
　　Vigil’s mother felt proud of him for putting in the 　23　 to please
his grandmother.The teenager said，“My grandmother is my best
friend； I just wanted to do something 　24　 for her.”
　　“That night was wonderful，” Jarman revealed.
語篇解讀：本文是一篇新聞報道。文章主要講述了高中生Vigil帶他
的奶奶參加的校園舞會。
語篇解讀：本文是一篇新聞報道。文章主要講述了高中生Vigil帶他
的奶奶參加的校園舞會。
10. A. dream B. memory
C. adventure D. performance
解析：　根據下文對Vigil帶Jarman去參加舞會的描述可知，他
計劃給自己的奶奶留下一個難忘的回憶。
11. A. behind the scenes B. in the way
C. around the corner D. out of sight
解析：　根據下文Why don’t you just take Grandma to the
prom？可知，Vigil學校的舞會即將來臨。帶奶奶去參加他的校園
舞會是他的妹妹給他提的建議。
12. A. suggestion B. comment
C. decision D. encouragement
解析：　參見上題解析。
13. A. never B. frequently
C. sometimes D. once
解析：　根據下文the teenager asked his granny if ...prom of her
life可知，Jarman從未參加過舞會。
14. A. habit B. purpose
C. order D. policy
解析：　根據下文students ...under 20可知，這是學校的規定。
15. A. begged B. contacted
C. persuaded D. thanked
解析：　由于學校規定學生們只能帶二十歲以下的舞伴，因此
Vigil先聯系了學校校長，問他自己能不能帶奶奶去參加舞會。
16. A. information B. permission
C. confirmation D. explanation
解析：　根據下文Vigil把奶奶帶到舞會現場可知，校長批準了
他的請求。于是他詢問奶奶是否愿意參加學校的舞會，奶奶接受
了他的邀請。
17. A. organize B. reserve
C. observe D. attend
解析：　參見上題解析。
18. A. declined B. accepted
C. considered D. expected
解析：　參見第16題解析。
19. A. age B. height C. class D. family
解析：　根據上文的students could only have partners under 20可
知，其他學生都帶著和自己年齡相仿的舞伴。
20. A. agree B. adapt C. react D. stick
解析：　起初Vigil內心有點忐忑，不知道他的同學看到他帶著
自己的奶奶參加舞會作何反應。
21. A. puzzled B. amused
C. ashamed D. relieved
解析：　之后看到同學們都很歡迎奶奶，他松了口氣。
22. A. hopeful B. ideal
C. touching D. proud
解析：　根據下文的She almost had me crying可知，Vigil的奶奶
隨著音樂一起唱這件事讓他很受觸動。
23. A. money B. effort
C. belief D. trouble
解析：　根據語境可知，Vigil的媽媽看到他努力想辦法讓奶奶
開心，為他感到自豪。
24. A. special B. difficult
C. regular D. familiar
解析：　根據語境可知，Vigil說：“奶奶是我最好的朋友，所
以我想為她做一些特別的事情。”
Ⅳ.讀后續寫
　　閱讀下面材料，根據其內容和所給段落開頭語續寫兩段，使之構
成一篇完整的短文。
　　Isabel Moreno sat carefully putting papers into a folder.She had been
at the Gateway Nature Center’s office all morning and was tired of
filing.She wanted desperately to work with the animals.She had been a
weekend volunteer that whole school year and had done extensive
research， reading books and websites on natural history.But her mom，
who was the assistant director of the center， said Isabel was still too
young.
　　Suddenly， the quiet was broken by Amy Jensen bursting in.She had
been a volunteer a bit longer than Isabel and wandered around like she
owned the place.“Hurry up， Isabel，” she ordered.Isabel willed
herself to remain still and just smiled back.
　　Just then， Isabel’s mother rushed into the room with Mr Garza，
the custodian （管理員）.“The hurricane is now approaching the Gulf
Shore Preserve，” Mrs Moreno reported.“It needs help preparing for
it.I have to go down there with the staff.We’ll take the bridge， so we
shouldn’t be gone long.I need you girls to help Mr Garza get the storm
shutters （護窗） down in the aviary （鳥舍）.Then， stay inside with
Mr Garza.Call me on my cellphone if there’re any problems，” Mrs
Moreno directed as she rushed out.Isabel was excited to have an
opportunity to help the birds.
　　Amy announced she was now “in charge”. Isabel smiled again，
saying nothing.Mr Garza and the girls worked quickly and were soon back
inside.But when Mr Garza called Isabel’s mother， a worried expression
crossed his face.“A storm has flooded the bridge， and they’re stuck
there.Also， the storm is heading our way，” he said.Amy was
frightened.After silently considering for a few seconds， Isabel said
calmly， “We should move the birds to the reptile house （爬行動物
館）.It’s on higher ground.” Mr Garza and Amy nodded.They rushed
out of the building.Once inside the aviary， Isabel watched Amy lunge
（猛沖） from cage to cage.
注意：1.續寫詞數應為150左右；
2. 請按如下格式作答。
　　Isabel told Amy not to jump around so much because the birds
would be scared by her sudden
movements. 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　After several hours， the storm stopped， and Mrs Moreno was
able to return to the center. 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
參考范文：
　　Isabel told Amy not to jump around so much because the birds would
be scared by her sudden movements.Amy calmed down， but she was
shaking.Isabel asked Amy to just think about the birds.They carried each
cage up to the reptile house.Some birds beat their wings when they felt the
wind.Isabel spoke comfortingly to them， and they soon grew
calmer.Amy watched in awe and tried to imitate Isabel.Finally， they
finished relocating the birds and waited inside the reptile house for the
storm to stop.
　　After several hours， the storm stopped， and Mrs Moreno was able
to return to the center.She expressed concern that she’d left them alone
for so long， but Mr Garza told her that Isabel’s cool thinking had saved
the birds.Mrs Moreno looked at her daughter proudly.She asked Isabel
how she could be so confident and courageous.Isabel said all she could
think about was how scared the birds must have felt in their cages， and
she just took charge.Isabel paused a second and added she felt proud of
herself.
謝謝觀看！

展開更多......

收起↑