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Section Ⅱ　Grammar and usage
維度一：基礎(chǔ)題型練
用適當(dāng)?shù)倪B接詞填空。
1.There is some doubt 　　　　　　we can finish the work on time.
2.I have no idea 　　　　　　is to be done next.
3.We were very excited at the news 　　　　　　our football team won.
4.Along with the letter was his promise 　　　　he would visit me the next month.
5.I have no idea 　　　　　　the new law will take effect next month or not.
6.There is a feeling in me 　　　　　　we’ll never know what a UFO is — not ever.
7.We all had no idea 　　　　　　would take the place of our former boss.
8.He put forward the suggestion 　　　　　　the meeting should be put off.
9.The problem 　　　　　　she was so sad made us puzzled.
10.She raised the question 　　　　　　we could get the fund.
維度二：語法與寫作
用同位語從句的適當(dāng)形式完成下列句子。
1.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 doing exercise in the fresh air is good for health.
毫無疑問，在新鮮的空氣中鍛煉對健康有好處。
2.I made a promise 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
我承諾我會在周五之前歸還那本書。
3.It goes without question 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
他們下一步要做什么是毫無疑問的。
4.We followed his advice that we 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
我們聽從了他的建議，向老師尋求幫助。
5.The question 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　has been bothering us recently.
我們怎樣才能幫助他戒煙這個(gè)問題最近一直困擾著我們。
6.John asked me the question 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
約翰問我這本書是否值得閱讀。
維度三：語法與語篇
閱讀下面短文，用適當(dāng)?shù)倪B接詞填空。
　　The news 1.　　　　　　 Tom failed in the exam made his parents upset. However， they held the belief 2.　　　　　　 he can achieve success sooner or later， because they know the fact 3.　　　　　　 failure is the mother of success. When they asked Tom a question 4.　　　　　　 he had the confidence， Tom said yes.
Ⅰ.閱讀理解
A
　　When cultural heritage sites disappear， they’re gone forever.However， they are being endangered at an alarming rate by rising seas （Venice）， pollution （the Taj Mahal） and overtourism （Angkor Wat）， just to name a few.
　　But when we try to protect these heritage sites， we also have to face such thorny questions as “What part of the past is worth preserving and passing on to the next generations？What duty do we owe to the creations of our ancestors？What strength do we draw from their presence — and when， on the contrary， do they become a lead weight， preventing us from projecting ourselves into the future？”
　　Humankind has answered these difficult questions differently in different places.In Dresden， Germany， the Frauenkirche was an 18th-century church whose bell-shaped top was a landmark.In February 1945， one of the most destructive bombing attacks of World War Ⅱ killed more than 25，000 people and reduced the city to ruins.With Dresden slowly rebuilt after the war， the Frauenkirche was left in ruins.But after German reunification， the church was reconstructed using many of its original materials， as a statement of peace and harmony.
　　Like the Frauenkirche， Notre Dame， a landmark in Paris， which was destroyed by fire in 2019， is being rebuilt as close as possible to how it was before， including using the original and poisonous metal — lead — for the roof.That choice was controversial， as future choices are bound to be in the debate about how to restore and preserve historic buildings.
　　Perhaps， no one can claim to have the right answers to preservation.There may not even be right answers.What we will do is continue to take care of important cultural heritage sites， as a matter of significance to humanity’s past， present and future.
1.Which heritage site is overcrowded？（　　）
A.Venice. B.Dresden.
C.The Taj Mahal. D.Angkor Wat.
2.Which of the following can replace the underlined word “thorny” in Paragraph 2？（　　）
A.Tough. B.Smart.
C.Interesting. D.Important.
3.What is the controversy about the rebuilding of Notre Dame？（　　）
A.The high rebuilding costs.
B.The timing of reconstruction.
C.The choice of certain material.
D.The significance of preservation.
4.What message does the author seem to convey in the text？（　　）
A.We should protect as many heritage sites as possible.
B.It is better to leave the damaged historic buildings alone.
C.Historic buildings should be rebuilt with the same materials.
D.Heritage sites serve as an important link among human beings.
B
　　My brush was tiny， more like something you’d use for nail polish.That was suitable because I was struggling to paint the toenails of my dragon shadow puppet （皮影戲偶）.Mao Zhongbo， our teacher， noticed my struggle and showed me how to keep my brush from becoming overloaded with pigment （顏料）.It was an unexpected personal touch from the resident master at a Beijing hotel.
　　Shichahai Shadow Art Performance Hotel is a step back in time.Surrounded by a forest of skyscrapers， this little inn is in a hutong.Once you open its massive wooden doors， you enter a calm space that directs your gaze to the framed shadow puppet arts that decorate the walls.The mission here is clear：to educate guests about a dying part of Chinese culture before it’s too late.
　　I visited here last winter.As a theatre lover， I hoped to get a behind-the-scenes look at a completely different performing art.The inn provides English interpreters who help make the cultural offerings accessible to its foreign guests.These include performances in the private puppet theatre at the hotel and several classes taught by master Mao.
　　One night， I watched Mao and several other hotel employees perform the classic tale “Turtle and Crane”.The animals’ flexible movements made me forget that puppeteers controlled them.Afterwards， I tried my hands at controlling the many sticks needed to make each puppet move effortlessly.My awkward attempts to operate several sticks at once showed why it takes years to master something that looks simple.
　　I asked Mao whether anyone could learn to be a shadow puppet performer.He paused， and then answered， “Like ballet，some have a talent for this and some don’t.Making a puppet that seems real comes from the hands， the heart and the brain.It also needs passion.”
　　At the end of my stay， I went to the lobby to get my dragon shadow puppet.I noticed Mao giving a class to a group of local youngsters， confirming me in my belief that he would inspire a new generation of masters.
5.What was the author doing according to Paragraph 1？（　　）
A.Polishing her toenails.
B.Taking a shadow puppet class.
C.Learning Chinese painting skills.
D.Choosing pigment for her shadow puppet.
6.What is the inn aiming to do？（　　）
A.Find foreign lovers of shadow puppetry.
B.Attract buyers for shadow puppets on its walls.
C.Make shadow puppetry easy to understand.
D.Save the dying art of shadow puppetry.
7.Which of the following describes puppeteers’ work？（　　）
A.It is all about talent.
B.It is effortless but boring.
C.It looks easier than it is.
D.It involves dealing with animals.
8.What is the author’s attitude towards the future of shadow puppetry？（　　）
A.Negative. B.Hopeful.
C.Doubtful. D.Uncaring.
Ⅱ.閱讀七選五
　　Italy has 59 UNESCO World Heritage Sites — more than any other country in the world.Italy’s most celebrated sites — Rome， Florence， and Venice — need no introduction.9.（　　） Here are some of Italy’s lesser-known， but still unmissable，UNESCO World Heritage Sites.
　　The Dolomites： Sublime （令人贊嘆的） nature
　　The Dolomites are a mountain range in the northern Italian Alps.10.（　　） UNESCO added the Dolomites to its World Heritage Sites for their exceptional natural beauty and geological （地質(zhì)的） features.
　　Matera： Cavement of the Sassi
　　Situated in the Italian city of Matera， the Sassi， Italian for “stones”， has been continuously occupied by human settlements from the Paleolithic
age to the present day.The Sassi and the Park of the Rupestrian Churches of Matera was declared a World Heritage Site in 1993.11.（　　）
　　Piedmont： The wine region
　　On the western side of the Alps lies the wine region of Piedmont， comprising five wine-growing areas with outstanding landscapes and the Castle of Cavour.12.（　　） In addition， Piedmont is a gastronomic （美食的） region believed to be the birthplace of the Slow Food movement， which encourages local production.
　　Val di Noto： Risen from the ruins
　　The quiet region of Val di Noto has an air of old-world charm.In 2002， UNESCO included the eight towns of Val di Noto on the World Heritage List.13.（　　） And they are treasured for their splendid late baroque style architecture and innovative city planning.
A.A visit is not complete without seeing the floating city of Venice.
B.The evidence of the cultural movement can be found throughout Italy.
C.The towns were constructed after a 1693 earthquake destroyed the area.
D.The mountains are described by many as the most breathtaking in Europe.
E.A modest tourism industry， complete with stylish “cave hotels”， soon followed.
F.The region is listed as a World Heritage Site for its ancient tradition of winemaking.
G.But Italy’s charm lies beyond these obvious places， which are flooded with visitors year-round.
Ⅲ.完形填空
　　I have recently published a novel about China.On my book signing tour， one of the first questions the readers asked was why I chose to write a book 　14　 in an unfamiliar place that I have 　15　 visited.
　　My grandpa was one of the early churchmen to go to China after 1900.He died young， but my father 　16　 in Shanxi with my grandma which was occupied by Japanese during World War Ⅱ.He finally left China for college and later became the 　17　 of over 20 books on Asia， and China in particular.
14.（　）A.issued 　 B.set
C.sold D.created
15.（　）A.never B.seldom
C.frequently D.occasionally
16.（　）A.traveled B.settled
C.remained D.studied
17.（　）A.publisher B.author
C.seller D.editor
　　When he finally returned to China in 1972， he brought back many items.I sensed that these 　18　 new things now served as 　19　 that China remained beyond the grasp of our understanding， when they are suddenly 　20　 to me within touch.However， I am still a（n） 　21　 about the mysteries of China.My favourite books have always been those of 　22　 lands that are far away from where we live.These books gave me a first glimpse that there were countries resistant to Western understanding.Those novels turned out to 　23　 a complexity of culture that doesn’t easily 　24　 a Westerner’s worldview.
　　What I know of China is from my 　25　 who lived there， and also from the 　26　 from China.They helped create a land that even haunted （縈繞） my imagination.Travelers， scholars and the Chinese themselves must explain the 　27　 China.I have also tried to create a（n） 　28　 different country that I hope will provide another distinct exposure to the truth.
18.（　）A.strange　　　　　　B.brand
C.practical D.artificial
19.（　）A.souvenirs B.awards
C.belongings D.reminders
20.（　）A.relevant B.accessible
C.familiar D.appropriate
21.（　）A.reader B.local
C.enthusiast D.outsider
22.（　）A.distant B.wealthy
C.poor D.delicate
23.（　）A.enrich B.reveal
C.rid D.promote
24.（　）A.adjust to B.stick to
C.submit to D.object to
25.（　）A.friends B.audience
C.teachers D.family
26.（　）A.items B.memories
C.peoples D.cultures
27.（　）A.modern B.real
C.ancient D.civilized
28.（　）A.slightly B.apparently
C.totally D.perhaps
Ⅳ.語法填空
　　On 12 September 2023， the World Heritage Committee decided 29.　　　　　　 （remove） the site of the Tombs of Buganda Kings at Kasubi （Uganda） from the List of World Heritage in Danger， following the successful restoration work 30.　　　　　　 （conduct） by Uganda with UNESCO’s support.
　　In 2010，a 31.　　　　　　 （violence） fire destroyed the Tombs of Buganda Kings at Kasubi 32.　　　　　　 were included in UNESCO’s World Heritage List in 2001.Then the site was placed on the List of World Heritage in Danger， 33.　　　　　　 （enable） an ambitious reconstruction programme to be developed.This reconstruction programme 34.　　　　　　 （complete） in the summer of 2023.
　　“This reconstruction is a collective success：that not only of Ugandan authorities， of Ugandan heritage professionals， but also of the local 35.　　　　　　 （community） who were at the heart of the process，” said Audrey Azoulay， Director-General of UNESCO.
Four royal tombs are located in the Muzibu-Azaala-Mpanga， the main building.It is 36.　　　　　　　　　 important example of architecture using organic materials — wood， thatch （茅草）， reeds （蘆葦） and plaster （灰泥） 37.　　　　　　 particular.As well as being important for its architecture， it is a major spiritual centre for the Buganda people.Key to the 38.　　　　　　 （preserve） of their beliefs and identity， it is a place in which traditional and cultural practices have been kept alive.
Section Ⅱ　Grammar and usage
基礎(chǔ)知識自測
維度一
1.whether　2.what　3.that　4.that　5.whether　6.that　7.who　8.that　9.why　10.where
維度二
1.There is no doubt that 　2.that I would return the book before Friday　3.what they are going to do next　4.（should） turn to our teacher for help　5.how we can help him get rid of smoking 　6.whether the book was worth reading
維度三
1.that　2.that　3.that　4.whether
素養(yǎng)能力提升
Ⅰ.
語篇解讀：本文是一篇議論文。文章主要論述了當(dāng)文化遺址面臨消失的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)時(shí)，我們該如何恰當(dāng)?shù)匦迯?fù)和保護(hù)它們是值得思考的問題。
1.D　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的overtourism （Angkor Wat） 可知，吳哥窟存在過度旅游的問題。由此可知，吳哥窟過于擁擠。
2.A　詞義猜測題。根據(jù)畫線詞后的問題以及第三段中的Humankind has answered these difficult questions differently in different places.可推斷，人類面臨一系列難題，故畫線詞意為“困難的”。
3.C　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中的using the original and poisonous metal — lead — for the roof和That choice was controversial可知，修復(fù)巴黎圣母院時(shí)仍然使用了有毒金屬，這一選擇有爭議。
4.A　推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中的What we will do is continue to take care of important cultural heritage sites可推斷，作者認(rèn)為我們要繼續(xù)保護(hù)重要的文物。
語篇解讀：本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述了作者上皮影戲課程的經(jīng)歷，介紹了作者的所見所聞以及對皮影戲未來發(fā)展的態(tài)度。
5.B　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的Mao Zhongbo，our teacher， noticed my struggle and showed me how to keep my brush from becoming overloaded with pigment （顏料）.可知，作者的老師向她演示了如何使刷子不蘸取過多的顏料。由此可推斷出，作者正在上一節(jié)皮影戲課。
6.D　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段最后一句可知，這家小旅館的任務(wù)很明確，在一切為時(shí)已晚之前，讓客人了解中國文化中即將消失的一部分。由此可知，這家小旅館的目的是拯救即將消失的皮影戲藝術(shù)。
7.C　推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二、三段內(nèi)容可推斷出，木偶戲演員的工作是很難的。C項(xiàng)（看起來比做起來容易）符合對木偶戲演員工作的描述。
8.B　觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。根據(jù)最后一段第二句可知，當(dāng)作者看到毛老師給當(dāng)?shù)氐囊蝗耗贻p人上課時(shí)，作者更加確信毛老師會激勵(lì)出新一代的皮影戲大師。由此可推斷出，作者對皮影戲藝術(shù)的未來是充滿希望的。
Ⅱ.
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了意大利幾處鮮為人知的世界遺產(chǎn)地。
9.G　上文說明了意大利擁有59處世界遺產(chǎn)地，其中最著名的幾處遺產(chǎn)地?zé)o需介紹。下文介紹了意大利的幾處鮮為人知但又不容錯(cuò)過的世界遺產(chǎn)地。G項(xiàng)符合語境，且與設(shè)空處前一句構(gòu)成轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，G項(xiàng)中的these obvious places指代設(shè)空處上一句中的Italy’s most celebrated sites。
10.D　設(shè)空處前一句介紹了多洛米蒂山是意大利北部阿爾卑斯山脈的一部分。設(shè)空處后一句說明了由于多洛米蒂山具有獨(dú)特的自然美景和地質(zhì)特點(diǎn)，所以聯(lián)合國教科文組織將其列為世界遺產(chǎn)地。D項(xiàng)符合語境。D項(xiàng)中的The mountains指代設(shè)空處前一句中的The Dolomites。
11.E　上文介紹了從舊石器時(shí)代至今，人類一直居住在意大利城市馬泰拉的石窟民居中。1993年，馬泰拉的石窟民居和石頭教堂花園成了世界遺產(chǎn)地。E項(xiàng)緊承上文，符合語境。E項(xiàng)中的soon followed 表明了事件發(fā)展的順序。
12.F　設(shè)空處前一句介紹了位于阿爾卑斯山西側(cè)的皮埃蒙特大區(qū)是由五個(gè)葡萄酒產(chǎn)區(qū)和the Castle of Cavour組成的。F項(xiàng)符合語境。F項(xiàng)中的The region指代設(shè)空處前一句中的the wine region of Piedmont。
13.C　設(shè)空處前一句指出：2002年，聯(lián)合國教科文組織將諾托壁壘的八座城鎮(zhèn)列入《世界遺產(chǎn)名錄》。設(shè)空處后一句說明了它們因其精美的晚期巴洛克風(fēng)格建筑和創(chuàng)新的城市規(guī)劃而備受重視。C項(xiàng)符合語境。C項(xiàng)中的The towns指代設(shè)空處前一句中的the eight towns of Val di Noto。
Ⅲ.
語篇解讀：本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了作者從祖輩的故事和從中國帶來的物品中了解中國，通過寫小說的方式，讓西方人了解中國，希望為從未去過中國的西方人提供新的視角，展現(xiàn)真實(shí)的中國和真正的中國文化。
14.B　根據(jù)下文an unfamiliar place可知，作者的小說以他不熟悉的中國為背景。be set in意為“把背景設(shè)置在……”。
15.A　根據(jù)下文可知，作者的父親和爺爺去過中國，但是作者本人是從沒有去過中國的。
16.C　根據(jù)下文He finally left China for college可知，父親在爺爺英年早逝后還待在中國，后來為了求學(xué)才離開中國。
17.B　根據(jù)第一段中作者的職業(yè)和空后的over 20 books on Asia可知，作者的父親也是一位作家。
18.A　根據(jù)全文內(nèi)容可知，作者從未去過中國，對中國和來自中國的物品很陌生。
19.D　根據(jù)上下文可知，父親從中國帶回來的一些物品不斷地提示作者，作者對中國是很不了解的，超出了作者的理解范圍。reminder意為“提醒人的事物”。
20.B　根據(jù)下文within touch可知，這些從中國帶來的物品作者是可以接觸的。accessible意為“可接近的”。
21.C　根據(jù)上下文，尤其是本句中的However可知，盡管作者對中國很陌生，但是作者對中國的神秘之處很感興趣，寫的書也是涉及中國的。enthusiast意為“愛好者，熱衷者”。
22.A　根據(jù)下文that are far away from where we live可知，作者最喜歡的書中描寫的地方是一些離作者很遙遠(yuǎn)的地方。distant意為“遙遠(yuǎn)的”。
23.B　根據(jù)語境可知，這些小說揭露了文化的復(fù)雜性。reveal意為“揭露”。
24.C　根據(jù)語境可知，這些小說揭露了文化的復(fù)雜性，而這種復(fù)雜性是不容易和西方人的世界觀保持一致的。submit to意為“屈服，服從”。
25.D　根據(jù)上文可知，作者對中國的了解都來自父親和爺爺。
26.A　根據(jù)上文he brought back many items可知，作者也在這些從中國帶來的物品中了解中國。item意為“物品，物件”。
27.B　根據(jù)下一句中的to the truth可知，作者認(rèn)為游客、學(xué)者和中國人應(yīng)該向西方人解釋真正的中國。
28.C　根據(jù)下文that I hope will provide another distinct exposure to the truth可知，作者描述了一個(gè)完全不一樣的國家，供西方人去了解中國真實(shí)的一面。
Ⅳ.
語篇解讀：本文是一篇新聞報(bào)道。位于烏干達(dá)的卡蘇比王陵已完成修復(fù)，成功擺脫“瀕危遺產(chǎn)”的頭銜。
29.to remove　考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。decide to do sth表示“決定做某事”，故填to remove。
30.conducted　考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。設(shè)空處作后置定語修飾the successful restoration work，又因?yàn)閏onduct與the successful restoration work之間是邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，故填conducted。
31.violent　考查詞形轉(zhuǎn)換。設(shè)空處作定語，修飾名詞fire，故填形容詞violent，意為“劇烈的，猛烈的”。
32.that/which　考查定語從句。設(shè)空處引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句，指代先行詞the Tombs of Buganda Kings at Kasubi，且在從句中作主語，故填that/which。
33.enabling　考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。設(shè)空處與an ambitious reconstruction programme to be developed一起作狀語，表示自然而然的結(jié)果，故填enabling。
34.was completed　考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)和主謂一致。根據(jù)設(shè)空處后的in the summer of 2023可知，設(shè)空處描述的是發(fā)生在過去的事情，應(yīng)用一般過去時(shí)，又因主語This reconstruction programme與complete之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，應(yīng)用被動(dòng)語態(tài)，故填was completed。
munities　考查名詞復(fù)數(shù)。community在此處意為“社區(qū)”，是可數(shù)名詞，表泛指，且其后為who were，應(yīng)用其復(fù)數(shù)形式，故填communities。
36.an　考查冠詞。設(shè)空處表泛指，且其后important的讀音以元音音素開頭，故填an。
37.in　考查固定搭配。in particular是固定搭配，意為“特別地，尤其是”，故填in。
38.preservation　考查詞形轉(zhuǎn)換。設(shè)空處前有定冠詞the，后有介詞of，應(yīng)用名詞形式，故填preservation。
6 / 6Section Ⅱ　Grammar and usage
同位語從句
閱讀下列句子并思考加黑部分的用法。
1.Some experts， however， had a feeling that it was possible.
2.At first， they had no idea which way could work.
3....but no one can deny the fact that they were constructed in the 13th century BCE.
4.They could not prevent the construction of the dam and they had no idea whether the temples could be saved from the rising waters.
5.Furthermore， the experts had no clue whether any parts of the temples would break during transport.
6....but we have the belief that we will need this kind of cooperation in heritage preservation.
【我的發(fā)現(xiàn)】
（1）同位語可以由詞語、詞組、句子構(gòu)成。以上句中的加黑部分均為　　　　　　，通常跟在抽象名詞后面解釋說明其內(nèi)容。
（2）可以跟同位語從句的抽象名詞有　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　等。
（3）常使用　　　　　　　　或疑問詞來引導(dǎo)同位語從句。
一、同位語從句的定義
1.在主從復(fù)合句中，跟在一個(gè)名詞（尤其是抽象名詞）后對其作出進(jìn)一步解釋說明的從句叫作同位語從句。
2.能跟同位語從句的名詞一般是fact、 news、 idea、 truth、 hope、 problem、 information、 wish、statement、 promise、 answer、 evidence、 report、 explanation、 suggestion、 conclusion、opinion、 clue、 feeling等抽象名詞。
I was shocked at the news that our team won the game.
我被我們隊(duì)贏得了比賽這個(gè)消息震驚了。
There is no doubt that the assistant is fit for this job.
毫無疑問，這位助理適合這份工作。
I had no idea where their wedding was to be held.Maybe in the hotel， I think.
我不知道他們的婚禮將在哪里舉行。我想也許在酒店里吧。
二、同位語從句的引導(dǎo)詞
1.that引導(dǎo)的同位語從句
that引導(dǎo)同位語從句本身沒有詞義，在句中只起連接作用，不充當(dāng)句子成分，一般不能省略。
They were worried over the fact that you were sick.
他們?yōu)槟闵∵@件事而擔(dān)憂。
I’ve come to the conclusion that it is unwise to insist on your view in the circumstances.
我得出結(jié)論，在這種情況下堅(jiān)持你的觀點(diǎn)是不明智的。
2.whether引導(dǎo)的同位語從句
whether引導(dǎo)同位語從句意為“是否”，但不充當(dāng)句子成分；if不可引導(dǎo)同位語從句。
The users of smart watches have brought up some doubt whether their privacy will be violated.
智能手表用戶對自己的隱私是否會受到侵犯提出了一些疑問。
The question came up at the meeting whether we had enough money for our research.
我們是否有足夠的錢進(jìn)行我們的研究，這個(gè)問題在會議上被提出來了。
3.連接代詞引導(dǎo)的同位語從句
連接代詞who、 whom、 what、 which等不但起連接作用，也在從句中作名詞或代詞所作的成分，如主語、表語、賓語、定語等。若缺少連接代詞，則從句不完整。
The question who should do the job requires considering/to be considered.
誰應(yīng)該做這個(gè)工作的問題還需考慮。
I have no idea what has happened to the captain in the past several years.
我不知道在過去幾年里這個(gè)船長發(fā)生了什么事。
4.連接副詞引導(dǎo)的同位語從句
連接副詞when、 where、 why、 how等不但起連接作用，還在從句中作狀語，表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因、方式等。
I haven’t answered the question how I will deal with the matter.
我還沒有回答我將如何處理這件事的問題。
The decision when we should get started hasn’t been made.
我們什么時(shí)候開始還沒有決定。
She had no idea why she thought of her deskmate suddenly.
她不明白她為什么突然想到了她的同桌。
【即時(shí)演練1】　完成句子
①There is clear 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
有明確的證據(jù)表明，她的體質(zhì)正變得越來越糟糕。
②The 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　has been solved.
他們是否應(yīng)該繼續(xù)做這個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)的問題已經(jīng)解決了。
③I have no 　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
我不知道他什么時(shí)候回來。
④The 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　is still not clear at present.
關(guān)于誰會接替他的職位這個(gè)問題目前還不清楚。
三、同位語從句和定語從句的區(qū)別
1.從性質(zhì)上區(qū)別
定語從句對其先行詞起修飾或限制作用，功能上相當(dāng)于形容詞；而同位語從句是對前面抽象名詞的進(jìn)一步說明和解釋，是名詞的具體內(nèi)容，屬于名詞性從句的范疇。
The news that he told us at the meeting made us excited.
他在會議上告訴我們的消息讓我們很興奮。（定語從句，修飾作用；that有意義，是連接代詞，在從句中作賓語）
The news that Mary would be promoted made us excited.
瑪麗將被提拔的消息使我們很興奮。（同位語從句，表內(nèi)容；that無意義，是連接詞，不充當(dāng)句子成分）
2.引導(dǎo)詞that的區(qū)別
that引導(dǎo)定語從句時(shí)，作從句的一個(gè)成分，有時(shí)可用which替換，作賓語時(shí)常常省略；而that在同位語從句中僅起連接作用，不充當(dāng)任何成分，并且不能省略，也不能用which來代替。
The order that we should send a few people to help the other groups was received yesterday.
昨天我們收到了應(yīng)派幾個(gè)人去幫助別的小組的命令。（同位語從句，是對order的具體解釋，that雖不作成分，但不能省略）
The order that we received yesterday was that we should send a few people to help the other groups.
我們昨天收到的命令是我們應(yīng)該派幾個(gè)人去幫助別的小組。（定語從句，修飾名詞order，that在從句中作received的賓語，可以用which替換，也可以省略）
【即時(shí)演練2】　完成句子
　①The fact 　　　　　　　　　　　　is very important.
我們談?wù)摰倪@個(gè)事實(shí)很重要。
②On the other hand， many people hold a view 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
另一方面，很多人認(rèn)為因特網(wǎng)讓我們比以往更親密了。
③An idea occurred to her 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
她突然想到她可以嘗試另一種方法。
④The mother made a 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
媽媽作出了一個(gè)令她所有的孩子都高興的許諾。
四、同位語從句的注意事項(xiàng)
1.分隔式同位語從句：有時(shí)同位語從句與其所解釋說明的名詞會被其他成分隔開，從而形成分隔式同位語從句，這樣做主要是為了保持句子結(jié)構(gòu)平衡，避免頭重腳輕。
The story goes that William Tell killed the king with an arrow.
據(jù)說威廉·泰爾用箭殺死了國王。
2.同位語從句中虛擬語氣的運(yùn)用：名詞suggestion、 order、 demand、 command、 request、 desire、 proposal等后的同位語從句要用虛擬語氣，即從句謂語用“should＋動(dòng)詞原形”，should可以省略。
They were faced with the demand that this tax （should） be abolished.
他們面臨著廢除這種稅的要求。
The suggestion that the new rule （should） be adopted came from the chairman.
采納新規(guī)則的建議是主席提出的。
【即時(shí)演練3】　完成句子
　①　　　　　　　　 some wolves were caught around that village.
有消息傳來，在那個(gè)村子周圍捕獲了幾只狼。
②Do you know his command that we 　　　　　　　　　　　　right now？
你知道他命令我們（應(yīng)該）立即開始工作嗎？
③　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 maybe she had left the door open when she left home.
她突然想起她可能在離開家時(shí)沒把門關(guān)上。
Part Ⅰ　核心詞匯集釋
division n.分歧；分開，分隔
【教材原句】　There are divisions among historians over when exactly the construction of the twin temples started， but no one can deny the fact that they were constructed in the 13th century BCE.
歷史學(xué)家就這兩座神廟具體始建于何時(shí)存在著分歧，但沒有人能否認(rèn)這一事實(shí)，它們建于公元前13世紀(jì)。
【用法】
（1）divide vt.& vi. （使）分開，分散，分割 divide ... between ... and ... 在……和……之間分配…… divide sth among sb在某人之間分配某事（物） be divided into 被分開；被（劃）分成…… （2）divided adj. 分裂的；分開的；有分歧的
【佳句】　As time went on， the divisions between the two countries have healed over.隨著時(shí)間的流逝，這兩個(gè)國家之間的分歧已經(jīng)彌合了。
【練透】　單句語法填空
①The 　　　　　　（divide） between the developed countries and the developing countries is still huge.
②How to divide labor 　　　　　　the workers is still a question.
③It was said that Icelanders’ opinions were 　　　　　　（divide） on the matter.
【寫美】　完成句子
④Heavier taxation might 　　　　　　　　between the rich and the poor.加大稅收力度也許會縮小富人和窮人之間的差距。
cooperation n.合作，協(xié)作；協(xié)助，配合
【教材原句】　This success demonstrates the power of international cooperation in times of crisis.
這一成功表明了國際合作在危機(jī)時(shí)期的力量。
【用法】
（1）cooperation with sb in doing sth 與某人合作做某事 cooperation between A and B A和B之間的合作 cooperation in doing sth 協(xié)助/配合做某事 in cooperation with 與……合作 international cooperation 國際合作 （2）cooperate vi. 合作，協(xié)作；配合 cooperate with 和……合作
【佳句】　The friendly cooperation between the two countries is growing with every passing day.
這兩個(gè)國家之間的友好合作關(guān)系日益發(fā)展。
【練透】　單句語法填空
①Hearing your brief introduction， we really have the interest in cooperating 　　　　　　you.
②The TV play was produced 　　　　　　cooperation with CCTV.
③We would like to see closer 　　　　　　（cooperate） between the parents and schools in the future.
【寫美】　翻譯句子
④我們應(yīng)該感謝你在這方面的合作。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
vote vt.& vi.投票，表決 n.選票；投票
【教材原句】　For example， it votes to determine which sites are to be listed as UNESCO heritage sites and monitors the state of conservation.
例如，它投票表決哪些遺址將被列為聯(lián)合國教科文組織遺址，并監(jiān)測其保護(hù)狀況。
【用法】
（1）vote for/against 　　　投票贊成/反對…… vote on 對……進(jìn)行表決 vote in favour of sth 對……投贊成票 vote to do sth 投票/表決做某事 （2）take/have a vote on sth 就某事進(jìn)行投票/表決 the vote 投票總數(shù)；投票權(quán)
【佳句】　Did you vote for or against her？
你投了她的贊成票還是反對票？
【練透】　單句語法填空
①I was going to vote 　　　　　　him， but I changed my mind and voted for Reagan.
②We’ll listen to the arguments on both sides and then vote 　　　　　　them.
【寫美】　完成句子
③All citizens who have reached the age of eighteen 　　　　　　　　　　.
所有年滿十八周歲的公民都有投票的權(quán)利。
Part Ⅱ　中頻詞匯特訓(xùn)
operator n.操作人員，技工；接線員
【教材原句】　UNESCO put together an international team of architects， engineers and heavy equipment operators， who looked at different ways of saving the temples.聯(lián)合國教科文組織把建筑師、工程師和重型設(shè)備操作人員組成一個(gè)國際團(tuán)隊(duì)，他們研究了拯救寺廟的不同方法。
【用法】
（1）operate vt.& vi.　運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)，工作；操作，控制；（給……）動(dòng)手術(shù) operate on/upon ... 給……做手術(shù) （2）operation n. 經(jīng)營；手術(shù)；運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)，運(yùn)行；操作 put ...into operation 投入使用；開始試行 come/go into operation 開始工作，運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)，生效
【佳句】　It is time to put our plan into operation.該是實(shí)施我們的計(jì)劃的時(shí)候了。
【練透】　單句語法填空/完成句子
①The 　　　　　　（operate） carries out routine maintenance of the machine every day.
②The company is presently 　　　　　　（operate） in London， but it is planning to move to the country.
③The new law will 　　　　　　　　　　　　by midnight tomorrow.
新法律將于明日午夜生效。
interrupt vt.打擾，插嘴；使暫停，使中斷 vi.打擾，插嘴
【教材原句】　Sorry to interrupt you， Miss Ma.對不起打擾一下，馬小姐。
【用法】
（1）interrupt （sb/sth） with ... 用……打擾（某人/某物） be interrupted by 被……打斷/阻斷 （2）interruption n. 打擾，打岔，插嘴；阻斷物 without interruption 不間斷地
【佳句】　It is not polite to interrupt a speaker with frequent questions.
老用問題打斷演講者是不禮貌的。
【練透】　單句語法填空
①Trade between the two countries 　　　　　　　　（interrupt） by the war in the 1930s.
②Sorry for the 　　　　　　（interrupt） but I’d like to remind you it’s time for the meeting.
③Will you stop 　　　　　　（interrupt） me when I am talking？
Section Ⅱ　Grammar and usage
【重難語法·要攻克】
我的發(fā)現(xiàn)
（1）同位語從句　（2）fact、 idea、 belief、 news、 opinion、 clue、 feeling　（3）that、 whether
即時(shí)演練1
①evidence that her physical condition is getting worse and worse　②problem whether they should continue to do the experiment　③idea when he will come back　④question who will take his place
即時(shí)演練2
①that we talked about　②that the Internet makes us closer than ever before　③that she could try another way　④promise that pleased all her children
即時(shí)演練3
①Word came that　②（should） start our work
③The thought came to her that
【核心知識·巧突破】
Part Ⅰ
1.①division　②among　③divided　④narrow the division
2.①with　②in　③cooperation　④We should appreciate your cooperation in this respect/regard.
3.①for　②on　③have the right to vote
Part Ⅱ
1.①operator　②operating　③come/go into operation
2.①was interrupted　②interruption　③interrupting
6 / 6(共94張PPT)
Section Ⅱ　Grammar and usage
1
重難語法·要攻克
目 錄
3
課時(shí)檢測·提能力
2
核心知識·巧突破
重難語法·要攻克
掌握核心語法
1
同位語從句
閱讀下列句子并思考加藍(lán)部分的用法。
1. Some experts， however， had a feeling that it was possible.
2. At first， they had no idea which way could work.
3. ...but no one can deny the fact that they were constructed in the
13th century BCE.
4. They could not prevent the construction of the dam and they had no idea
whether the temples could be saved from the rising waters.
5. Furthermore， the experts had no clue whether any parts of the
temples would break during transport.
6. ...but we have the belief that we will need this kind of cooperation
in heritage preservation.
【我的發(fā)現(xiàn)】
（1）同位語可以由詞語、詞組、句子構(gòu)成。以上句中的加藍(lán)部分均
為 ，通常跟在抽象名詞后面解釋說明其內(nèi)容。
（2）可以跟同位語從句的抽象名詞有
等。
（3）常使用 或疑問詞來引導(dǎo)同位語從句。
同位語從句　
fact、 idea、 belief、 news、
opinion、 clue、 feeling　
that、 whether　
一、同位語從句的定義
1. 在主從復(fù)合句中，跟在一個(gè)名詞（尤其是抽象名詞）后對其作出進(jìn)
一步解釋說明的從句叫作同位語從句。
2. 能跟同位語從句的名詞一般是fact、 news、 idea、 truth、 hope、
problem、 information、 wish、statement、 promise、 answer、
evidence、 report、 explanation、 suggestion、 conclusion、
opinion、 clue、 feeling等抽象名詞。
I was shocked at the news that our team won the game.
我被我們隊(duì)贏得了比賽這個(gè)消息震驚了。
There is no doubt that the assistant is fit for this job.
毫無疑問，這位助理適合這份工作。
I had no idea where their wedding was to be held.Maybe in the
hotel， I think.
我不知道他們的婚禮將在哪里舉行。我想也許在酒店里吧。
二、同位語從句的引導(dǎo)詞
1. that引導(dǎo)的同位語從句
that引導(dǎo)同位語從句本身沒有詞義，在句中只起連接作用，不充當(dāng)
句子成分，一般不能省略。
They were worried over the fact that you were sick.
他們?yōu)槟闵∵@件事而擔(dān)憂。
I’ve come to the conclusion that it is unwise to insist on your view in
the circumstances.
我得出結(jié)論，在這種情況下堅(jiān)持你的觀點(diǎn)是不明智的。
2. whether引導(dǎo)的同位語從句
whether引導(dǎo)同位語從句意為“是否”，但不充當(dāng)句子成分；if不可
引導(dǎo)同位語從句。
The users of smart watches have brought up some doubt whether their
privacy will be violated.
智能手表用戶對自己的隱私是否會受到侵犯提出了一些疑問。
The question came up at the meeting whether we had enough money
for our research.
我們是否有足夠的錢進(jìn)行我們的研究，這個(gè)問題在會議上被提
出來了。
3. 連接代詞引導(dǎo)的同位語從句
連接代詞who、 whom、 what、 which等不但起連接作用，也在從
句中作名詞或代詞所作的成分，如主語、表語、賓語、定語等。若
缺少連接代詞，則從句不完整。
The question who should do the job requires considering/to be
considered.
誰應(yīng)該做這個(gè)工作的問題還需考慮。
I have no idea what has happened to the captain in the past several
years.
我不知道在過去幾年里這個(gè)船長發(fā)生了什么事。
4. 連接副詞引導(dǎo)的同位語從句
連接副詞when、 where、 why、 how等不但起連接作用，還在從句
中作狀語，表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因、方式等。
I haven’t answered the question how I will deal with the matter.
我還沒有回答我將如何處理這件事的問題。
The decision when we should get started hasn’t been made.我們什
么時(shí)候開始還沒有決定。
She had no idea why she thought of her deskmate suddenly.她不明
白她為什么突然想到了她的同桌。
【即時(shí)演練1】　完成句子
①There is clear
.
有明確的證據(jù)表明，她的體質(zhì)正變得越來越糟糕。
②The has
been solved.
他們是否應(yīng)該繼續(xù)做這個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)的問題已經(jīng)解決了。
③I have no .
我不知道他什么時(shí)候回來。
④The is still not clear at present.
關(guān)于誰會接替他的職位這個(gè)問題目前還不清楚。
evidence that her physical condition is getting worse
and worse　
problem whether they should continue to do the experiment　
idea when he will come back　
question who will take his place　
三、同位語從句和定語從句的區(qū)別
1. 從性質(zhì)上區(qū)別
定語從句對其先行詞起修飾或限制作用，功能上相當(dāng)于形容詞；而
同位語從句是對前面抽象名詞的進(jìn)一步說明和解釋，是名詞的具體
內(nèi)容，屬于名詞性從句的范疇。
The news that he told us at the meeting made us excited.
他在會議上告訴我們的消息讓我們很興奮。（定語從句，修飾作
用；that有意義，是連接代詞，在從句中作賓語）
The news that Mary would be promoted made us excited.
瑪麗將被提拔的消息使我們很興奮。（同位語從句，表內(nèi)容；that
無意義，是連接詞，不充當(dāng)句子成分）
2. 引導(dǎo)詞that的區(qū)別
that引導(dǎo)定語從句時(shí)，作從句的一個(gè)成分，有時(shí)可用which替換，作
賓語時(shí)常常省略；而that在同位語從句中僅起連接作用，不充當(dāng)任
何成分，并且不能省略，也不能用which來代替。
The order that we should send a few people to help the other groups
was received yesterday.
昨天我們收到了應(yīng)派幾個(gè)人去幫助別的小組的命令。（同位語從
句，是對order的具體解釋，that雖不作成分，但不能省略）
The order that we received yesterday was that we should send a few
people to help the other groups.
我們昨天收到的命令是我們應(yīng)該派幾個(gè)人去幫助別的小組。（定語
從句，修飾名詞order，that在從句中作received的賓語，可以用
which替換，也可以省略）
【即時(shí)演練2】　完成句子
　①The fact is very important.
我們談?wù)摰倪@個(gè)事實(shí)很重要。
②On the other hand， many people hold a view
.
另一方面，很多人認(rèn)為因特網(wǎng)讓我們比以往更親密了。
③An idea occurred to her .
她突然想到她可以嘗試另一種方法。
④The mother made a .
媽媽作出了一個(gè)令她所有的孩子都高興的許諾。
that we talked about　
that the Internet makes
us closer than ever before　
that she could try another way　
promise that pleased all her children　
四、同位語從句的注意事項(xiàng)
1. 分隔式同位語從句：有時(shí)同位語從句與其所解釋說明的名詞會被其
他成分隔開，從而形成分隔式同位語從句，這樣做主要是為了保持
句子結(jié)構(gòu)平衡，避免頭重腳輕。
The story goes that William Tell killed the king with an arrow.
據(jù)說威廉·泰爾用箭殺死了國王。
2. 同位語從句中虛擬語氣的運(yùn)用：名詞suggestion、 order、 demand、
command、 request、 desire、 proposal等后的同位語從句要用虛擬
語氣，即從句謂語用“should＋動(dòng)詞原形”，should可以省略。
They were faced with the demand that this tax （should） be
abolished.
他們面臨著廢除這種稅的要求。
The suggestion that the new rule （should） be adopted came from
the chairman.
采納新規(guī)則的建議是主席提出的。
【即時(shí)演練3】　完成句子
　① some wolves were caught around that village.
有消息傳來，在那個(gè)村子周圍捕獲了幾只狼。
②Do you know his command that we right
now？
你知道他命令我們（應(yīng)該）立即開始工作嗎？
③ maybe she had left the door open
when she left home.
她突然想起她可能在離開家時(shí)沒把門關(guān)上。
Word came that　
（should） start our work　
The thought came to her that　
核心知識·巧突破
探究課堂重點(diǎn)
2
Part Ⅰ　核心詞匯集釋
division n.分歧；分開，分隔
【教材原句】　There are divisions among historians over when exactly
the construction of the twin temples started， but no one can deny the fact
that they were constructed in the 13th century BCE.
歷史學(xué)家就這兩座神廟具體始建于何時(shí)存在著分歧，但沒有人能否認(rèn)
這一事實(shí)，它們建于公元前13世紀(jì)。
【用法】
（1）divide vt.& vi. （使）分開，分散，分割
divide ... between ... and ... 在……和……之間分配……
divide sth among sb在某人之間分配某事（物）
be divided into 被分開；被（劃）分成……
（2）divided adj. 分裂的；分開的；有分歧的
【佳句】　As time went on， the divisions between the two
countries have healed over.隨著時(shí)間的流逝，這兩個(gè)國家之間的
分歧已經(jīng)彌合了。
【練透】　單句語法填空
①The （divide） between the developed countries and the
developing countries is still huge.
②How to divide labor the workers is still a question.
③It was said that Icelanders’ opinions were （divide） on
the matter.
【寫美】　完成句子
④Heavier taxation might between the rich and the
poor.
加大稅收力度也許會縮小富人和窮人之間的差距。
division　
among　
divided　
narrow the division　
cooperation n.合作，協(xié)作；協(xié)助，配合
【教材原句】　This success demonstrates the power of international
cooperation in times of crisis.
這一成功表明了國際合作在危機(jī)時(shí)期的力量。
【用法】
（1）cooperation with sb in doing sth與某人合作做某事
cooperation between A and B A和B之間的合作
cooperation in doing sth　協(xié)助/配合做某事
in cooperation with 與……合作
international cooperation 國際合作
（2）cooperate vi. 合作，協(xié)作；配合
cooperate with 和……合作
【佳句】　The friendly cooperation between the two countries is
growing with every passing day.
這兩個(gè)國家之間的友好合作關(guān)系日益發(fā)展。
【練透】　單句語法填空
①Hearing your brief introduction， we really have the interest in
cooperating you.
②The TV play was produced cooperation with CCTV.
③We would like to see closer （cooperate） between the
parents and schools in the future.
【寫美】　翻譯句子
④我們應(yīng)該感謝你在這方面的合作。

with　
in　
cooperation　
We should appreciate your cooperation in this respect/regard.　
vote vt.& vi.投票，表決 n.選票；投票
【教材原句】　For example， it votes to determine which sites are to be
listed as UNESCO heritage sites and monitors the state of conservation.
例如，它投票表決哪些遺址將被列為聯(lián)合國教科文組織遺址，并監(jiān)測
其保護(hù)狀況。
【用法】
（1）vote for/against 　　　投票贊成/反對……
vote on 對……進(jìn)行表決
vote in favour of sth 對……投贊成票
vote to do sth 投票/表決做某事
（2）take/have a vote on sth 就某事進(jìn)行投票/表決
the vote 投票總數(shù)；投票權(quán)
【佳句】　Did you vote for or against her？
你投了她的贊成票還是反對票？
【練透】　單句語法填空
①I was going to vote him， but I changed my mind and voted for
Reagan.
②We’ll listen to the arguments on both sides and then vote them.
【寫美】　完成句子
③All citizens who have reached the age of eighteen
.
所有年滿十八周歲的公民都有投票的權(quán)利。
for　
on　
have the right to
vote　
Part Ⅱ　中頻詞匯特訓(xùn)
operator n.操作人員，技工；接線員
【教材原句】　UNESCO put together an international team of
architects， engineers and heavy equipment operators， who looked at
different ways of saving the temples.聯(lián)合國教科文組織把建筑師、工程
師和重型設(shè)備操作人員組成一個(gè)國際團(tuán)隊(duì)，他們研究了拯救寺廟的不
同方法。
【用法】
（1）operate vt.& vi. 運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)，工作；操作，控制；（給……）動(dòng)手術(shù)
operate on/upon ... 給……做手術(shù)
（2）operation n.經(jīng)營；手術(shù)；運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)，運(yùn)行；操作
put ...into operation 投入使用；開始試行
come/go into operation 開始工作，運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)，生效
【佳句】　It is time to put our plan into operation.
該是實(shí)施我們的計(jì)劃的時(shí)候了。
【練透】　單句語法填空/完成句子
①The （operate） carries out routine maintenance of the
machine every day.
②The company is presently （operate） in London， but it
is planning to move to the country.
③The new law will by midnight tomorrow.
新法律將于明日午夜生效。
operator　
operating　
come/go into operation　
interrupt vt.打擾，插嘴；使暫停，使中斷 vi.打擾，插嘴
【教材原句】　Sorry to interrupt you， Miss Ma.對不起打擾一下，
馬小姐。
【用法】
（1）interrupt （sb/sth） with ... 用……打擾（某人/某物）
be interrupted by 被……打斷/阻斷
（2）interruption n. 打擾，打岔，插嘴；阻斷物
without interruption 不間斷地
【佳句】　It is not polite to interrupt a speaker with frequent questions.
老用問題打斷演講者是不禮貌的。
【練透】　單句語法填空
①Trade between the two countries （interrupt） by
the war in the 1930s.
②Sorry for the （interrupt） but I’d like to remind you
it’s time for the meeting.
③Will you stop （interrupt） me when I am talking？
was interrupted　
interruption　
interrupting　
課時(shí)檢測·提能力
培育學(xué)科素養(yǎng)
3
維度一：基礎(chǔ)題型練
用適當(dāng)?shù)倪B接詞填空。
1. There is some doubt we can finish the work on time.
2. I have no idea is to be done next.
3. We were very excited at the news our football team won.
4. Along with the letter was his promise he would visit me the
next month.
whether　
what　
that　
that　
5. I have no idea the new law will take effect next month or
not.
6. There is a feeling in me we’ll never know what a UFO is —
not ever.
7. We all had no idea would take the place of our former boss.
8. He put forward the suggestion the meeting should be put off.
9. The problem she was so sad made us puzzled.
10. She raised the question we could get the fund.
whether　
that　
who　
that　
why　
where　
維度二：語法與寫作
用同位語從句的適當(dāng)形式完成下列句子。
1. doing exercise in the fresh air is good for
health.
毫無疑問，在新鮮的空氣中鍛煉對健康有好處。
2. I made a promise .
我承諾我會在周五之前歸還那本書。
3. It goes without question .
他們下一步要做什么是毫無疑問的。
There is no doubt that
that I would return the book before Friday　
what they are going to do next　
4. We followed his advice that we
.
我們聽從了他的建議，向老師尋求幫助。
5. The question has been
bothering us recently.
我們怎樣才能幫助他戒煙這個(gè)問題最近一直困擾著我們。
6. John asked me the question .
約翰問我這本書是否值得閱讀。
（should） turn to our teacher for
help　
how we can help him get rid of smoking
whether the book was worth reading　
維度三：語法與語篇
閱讀下面短文，用適當(dāng)?shù)倪B接詞填空。
　　The news 1. Tom failed in the exam made his parents upset.
However， they held the belief 2. he can achieve success sooner
or later， because they know the fact 3. failure is the mother of
success. When they asked Tom a question 4. he had the
confidence， Tom said yes.
that　
that　
that　
whether　
Ⅰ.閱讀理解
A
　　When cultural heritage sites disappear， they’re gone
forever.However， they are being endangered at an alarming rate by rising
seas （Venice）， pollution （the Taj Mahal） and overtourism （Angkor
Wat）， just to name a few.
　　But when we try to protect these heritage sites， we also have to face
such thorny questions as “What part of the past is worth preserving and
passing on to the next generations？What duty do we owe to the creations
of our ancestors？What strength do we draw from their presence — and
when， on the contrary， do they become a lead weight， preventing us
from projecting ourselves into the future？”
　　Humankind has answered these difficult questions differently in
different places.In Dresden， Germany， the Frauenkirche was an 18th-
century church whose bell-shaped top was a landmark.In February 1945，
one of the most destructive bombing attacks of World War Ⅱ killed more
than 25，000 people and reduced the city to ruins.With Dresden slowly
rebuilt after the war， the Frauenkirche was left in ruins.But after German
reunification， the church was reconstructed using many of its original
materials， as a statement of peace and harmony.
　　Like the Frauenkirche， Notre Dame， a landmark in Paris， which
was destroyed by fire in 2019， is being rebuilt as close as possible to how
it was before， including using the original and poisonous metal — lead —
for the roof.That choice was controversial， as future choices are bound to
be in the debate about how to restore and preserve historic buildings.
　　Perhaps， no one can claim to have the right answers to
preservation.There may not even be right answers.What we will do is
continue to take care of important cultural heritage sites， as a matter of
significance to humanity’s past， present and future.
語篇解讀：本文是一篇議論文。文章主要論述了當(dāng)文化遺址面臨消
失的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)時(shí)，我們該如何恰當(dāng)?shù)匦迯?fù)和保護(hù)它們是值得思考的問。
本文是一篇議論文。文章主要論述了當(dāng)文化遺址面臨消
失的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)時(shí)，我們該如何恰當(dāng)?shù)匦迯?fù)和保護(hù)它們是值得思考的問題。
1. Which heritage site is overcrowded？（　　）
A. Venice. B. Dresden.
C. The Taj Mahal. D. Angkor Wat.
解析：　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的overtourism （Angkor
Wat） 可知，吳哥窟存在過度旅游的問題。由此可知，吳哥窟過于
擁擠。
2. Which of the following can replace the underlined word “thorny” in
Paragraph 2？（　　）
A. Tough. B. Smart.
C. Interesting. D. Important.
解析：　詞義猜測題。根據(jù)畫線詞后的問題以及第三段中的
Humankind has answered these difficult questions differently in
different places.可推斷，人類面臨一系列難題，故畫線詞意為“困
難的”。
3. What is the controversy about the rebuilding of Notre Dame？（　　）
A. The high rebuilding costs.
B. The timing of reconstruction.
C. The choice of certain material.
D. The significance of preservation.
解析：　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中的using the original and
poisonous metal — lead — for the roof和That choice was controversial
可知，修復(fù)巴黎圣母院時(shí)仍然使用了有毒金屬，這一選擇有爭議。
4. What message does the author seem to convey in the text？（　　）
A. We should protect as many heritage sites as possible.
B. It is better to leave the damaged historic buildings alone.
C. Historic buildings should be rebuilt with the same materials.
D. Heritage sites serve as an important link among human beings.
解析：　推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中的What we will do is
continue to take care of important cultural heritage sites可推斷，作者
認(rèn)為我們要繼續(xù)保護(hù)重要的文物。
B
　　My brush was tiny， more like something you’d use for nail
polish.That was suitable because I was struggling to paint the toenails of
my dragon shadow puppet （皮影戲偶）.Mao Zhongbo， our teacher，
noticed my struggle and showed me how to keep my brush from becoming
overloaded with pigment （顏料）.It was an unexpected personal touch
from the resident master at a Beijing hotel.
　　Shichahai Shadow Art Performance Hotel is a step back in
time.Surrounded by a forest of skyscrapers， this little inn is in a
hutong.Once you open its massive wooden doors， you enter a calm space
that directs your gaze to the framed shadow puppet arts that decorate the
walls.The mission here is clear：to educate guests about a dying part of
Chinese culture before it’s too late.
　　I visited here last winter.As a theatre lover， I hoped to get a behind-
the-scenes look at a completely different performing art.The inn provides
English interpreters who help make the cultural offerings accessible to its
foreign guests.These include performances in the private puppet theatre at
the hotel and several classes taught by master Mao.
　　One night， I watched Mao and several other hotel employees
perform the classic tale “Turtle and Crane”.The animals’ flexible
movements made me forget that puppeteers controlled them.Afterwards，
I tried my hands at controlling the many sticks needed to make each puppet
move effortlessly.My awkward attempts to operate several sticks at once
showed why it takes years to master something that looks simple.
　　I asked Mao whether anyone could learn to be a shadow puppet
performer.He paused， and then answered， “Like ballet，some have a
talent for this and some don’t.Making a puppet that seems real comes
from the hands， the heart and the brain.It also needs passion.”
　　At the end of my stay， I went to the lobby to get my dragon shadow
puppet.I noticed Mao giving a class to a group of local youngsters，
confirming me in my belief that he would inspire a new generation of
masters.
語篇解讀：本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述了作者上皮影戲課程的經(jīng)
歷，介紹了作者的所見所聞以及對皮影戲未來發(fā)展的態(tài)度。
本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述了作者上皮影戲課程的經(jīng)
歷，介紹了作者的所見所聞以及對皮影戲未來發(fā)展的態(tài)度。
5. What was the author doing according to Paragraph 1？（　　）
A. Polishing her toenails.
B. Taking a shadow puppet class.
C. Learning Chinese painting skills.
D. Choosing pigment for her shadow puppet.
解析：　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的Mao Zhongbo，our
teacher， noticed my struggle and showed me how to keep my brush
from becoming overloaded with pigment （顏料）.可知，作者的老
師向她演示了如何使刷子不蘸取過多的顏料。由此可推斷出，作者
正在上一節(jié)皮影戲課。
6. What is the inn aiming to do？（　　）
A. Find foreign lovers of shadow puppetry.
B. Attract buyers for shadow puppets on its walls.
C. Make shadow puppetry easy to understand.
D. Save the dying art of shadow puppetry.
解析：　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段最后一句可知，這家小旅館的
任務(wù)很明確，在一切為時(shí)已晚之前，讓客人了解中國文化中即將消
失的一部分。由此可知，這家小旅館的目的是拯救即將消失的皮影
戲藝術(shù)。
7. Which of the following describes puppeteers’ work？（　　）
A. It is all about talent.
B. It is effortless but boring.
C. It looks easier than it is.
D. It involves dealing with animals.
解析：　推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二、三段內(nèi)容可推斷出，木偶
戲演員的工作是很難的。C項(xiàng)（看起來比做起來容易）符合對木偶
戲演員工作的描述。
8. What is the author’s attitude towards the future of shadow puppetry？
（　　）
A. Negative. B. Hopeful.
C. Doubtful. D. Uncaring.
解析：　觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。根據(jù)最后一段第二句可知，當(dāng)作者看到毛
老師給當(dāng)?shù)氐囊蝗耗贻p人上課時(shí)，作者更加確信毛老師會激勵(lì)出新
一代的皮影戲大師。由此可推斷出，作者對皮影戲藝術(shù)的未來是充
滿希望的。
Ⅱ.閱讀七選五
　　Italy has 59 UNESCO World Heritage Sites — more than any other
country in the world.Italy’s most celebrated sites — Rome， Florence，
and Venice — need no introduction.9.（　　） Here are some of Italy’s
lesser-known， but still unmissable，UNESCO World Heritage Sites.
　　The Dolomites： Sublime （令人贊嘆的） nature
　　The Dolomites are a mountain range in the northern Italian Alps.10.
（　　） UNESCO added the Dolomites to its World Heritage Sites for
their exceptional natural beauty and geological （地質(zhì)的） features.
　　Matera： Cavement of the Sassi
　　Situated in the Italian city of Matera， the Sassi， Italian for
“stones”， has been continuously occupied by human settlements from
the Paleolithic age to the present day.The Sassi and the Park of the
Rupestrian Churches of Matera was declared a World Heritage Site in
1993.11.（　　）
　　Piedmont： The wine region
　　On the western side of the Alps lies the wine region of Piedmont，
comprising five wine-growing areas with outstanding landscapes and the
Castle of Cavour.12.（　　） In addition， Piedmont is a gastronomic
（美食的） region believed to be the birthplace of the Slow Food
movement， which encourages local production.
　　Val di Noto： Risen from the ruins
　　The quiet region of Val di Noto has an air of old-world charm.In
2002， UNESCO included the eight towns of Val di Noto on the World
Heritage List.13.（　　） And they are treasured for their splendid late
baroque style architecture and innovative city planning.
A. A visit is not complete without seeing the floating city of Venice.
B. The evidence of the cultural movement can be found throughout Italy.
C. The towns were constructed after a 1693 earthquake destroyed the area.
D. The mountains are described by many as the most breathtaking in
Europe.
E. A modest tourism industry， complete with stylish “cave hotels”，
soon followed.
F. The region is listed as a World Heritage Site for its ancient tradition of
winemaking.
G. But Italy’s charm lies beyond these obvious places， which are
flooded with visitors year-round.
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了意大利幾處鮮為人
知的世界遺產(chǎn)地。
本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了意大利幾處鮮為人
知的世界遺產(chǎn)地。
9. G　上文說明了意大利擁有59處世界遺產(chǎn)地，其中最著名的幾處遺
產(chǎn)地?zé)o需介紹。下文介紹了意大利的幾處鮮為人知但又不容錯(cuò)過的世
界遺產(chǎn)地。G項(xiàng)符合語境，且與設(shè)空處前一句構(gòu)成轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，G項(xiàng)中
的these obvious places指代設(shè)空處上一句中的Italy’s most celebrated
sites。
10. D　設(shè)空處前一句介紹了多洛米蒂山是意大利北部阿爾卑斯山脈
的一部分。設(shè)空處后一句說明了由于多洛米蒂山具有獨(dú)特的自然美景
和地質(zhì)特點(diǎn)，所以聯(lián)合國教科文組織將其列為世界遺產(chǎn)地。D項(xiàng)符合
語境。D項(xiàng)中的The mountains指代設(shè)空處前一句中的The Dolomites。
11. E　上文介紹了從舊石器時(shí)代至今，人類一直居住在意大利城市馬
泰拉的石窟民居中。1993年，馬泰拉的石窟民居和石頭教堂花園成了
世界遺產(chǎn)地。E項(xiàng)緊承上文，符合語境。E項(xiàng)中的soon followed 表明了
事件發(fā)展的順序。
12. F　設(shè)空處前一句介紹了位于阿爾卑斯山西側(cè)的皮埃蒙特大區(qū)是由
五個(gè)葡萄酒產(chǎn)區(qū)和the Castle of Cavour組成的。F項(xiàng)符合語境。F項(xiàng)中的
The region指代設(shè)空處前一句中的the wine region of Piedmont。
13. C　設(shè)空處前一句指出：2002年，聯(lián)合國教科文組織將諾托壁壘
的八座城鎮(zhèn)列入《世界遺產(chǎn)名錄》。設(shè)空處后一句說明了它們因其精
美的晚期巴洛克風(fēng)格建筑和創(chuàng)新的城市規(guī)劃而備受重視。C項(xiàng)符合語
境。C項(xiàng)中的The towns指代設(shè)空處前一句中的the eight towns of Val di
Noto。
Ⅲ.完形填空
　　I have recently published a novel about China.On my book signing
tour， one of the first questions the readers asked was why I chose to write
a book 　14　 in an unfamiliar place that I have 　15　 visited.
　　My grandpa was one of the early churchmen to go to China after
1900.He died young， but my father 　16　 in Shanxi with my grandma
which was occupied by Japanese during World War Ⅱ.He finally left China
for college and later became the 　17　 of over 20 books on Asia， and
China in particular.
　　When he finally returned to China in 1972， he brought back many
items.I sensed that these 　18　 new things now served as 　19　 that
China remained beyond the grasp of our understanding， when they are
suddenly 　20　 to me within touch.However， I am still a（n） 　21　
about the mysteries of China.My favourite books have always been those
of 　22　 lands that are far away from where we live.These books gave
me a first glimpse that there were countries resistant to Western
understanding.Those novels turned out to 　23　 a complexity of culture
that doesn’t easily 　24　 a Westerner’s worldview.
　　What I know of China is from my 　25　 who lived there， and also
from the 　26　 from China.They helped create a land that even haunted
（縈繞） my imagination.Travelers， scholars and the Chinese
themselves must explain the 　27　 China.I have also tried to create a
（n） 　28　 different country that I hope will provide another distinct
exposure to the truth.
語篇解讀：本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了作者從祖輩的故事
和從中國帶來的物品中了解中國，通過寫小說的方式，讓西方人了
解中國，希望為從未去過中國的西方人提供新的視角，展現(xiàn)真實(shí)的
中國和真正的中國文化。
本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了作者從祖輩的故事
和從中國帶來的物品中了解中國，通過寫小說的方式，讓西方人了
解中國，希望為從未去過中國的西方人提供新的視角，展現(xiàn)真實(shí)的
中國和真正的中國文化。
14. A. issued B. set C. sold D. created
解析：　根據(jù)下文an unfamiliar place可知，作者的小說以他不熟
悉的中國為背景。be set in意為“把背景設(shè)置在……”。
15. A. never B. seldom
C. frequently D. occasionally
解析：　根據(jù)下文可知，作者的父親和爺爺去過中國，但是作
者本人是從沒有去過中國的。
16. A. traveled B. settled
C. remained D. studied
解析：　根據(jù)下文He finally left China for college可知，父親在爺
爺英年早逝后還待在中國，后來為了求學(xué)才離開中國。
17. A. publisher B. author
C. seller D. editor
解析：　根據(jù)第一段中作者的職業(yè)和空后的over 20 books on Asia
可知，作者的父親也是一位作家。
18. A. strange B. brand
C. practical D. artificial
解析：　根據(jù)全文內(nèi)容可知，作者從未去過中國，對中國和來
自中國的物品很陌生。
19. A. souvenirs B. awards
C. belongings D. reminders
解析：　根據(jù)上下文可知，父親從中國帶回來的一些物品不斷
地提示作者，作者對中國是很不了解的，超出了作者的理解范
圍。reminder意為“提醒人的事物”。
20. A. relevant B. accessible
C. familiar D. appropriate
解析：　根據(jù)下文within touch可知，這些從中國帶來的物品作
者是可以接觸的。accessible意為“可接近的”。
21. A. reader B. local
C. enthusiast D. outsider
解析：　根據(jù)上下文，尤其是本句中的However可知，盡管作者
對中國很陌生，但是作者對中國的神秘之處很感興趣，寫的書也
是涉及中國的。enthusiast意為“愛好者，熱衷者”。
22. A. distant B. wealthy
C. poor D. delicate
解析：　根據(jù)下文that are far away from where we live可知，作者
最喜歡的書中描寫的地方是一些離作者很遙遠(yuǎn)的地方。distant意
為“遙遠(yuǎn)的”。
23. A. enrich B. reveal
C. rid D. promote
解析：　根據(jù)語境可知，這些小說揭露了文化的復(fù)雜性。reveal
意為“揭露”。
24. A. adjust to B. stick to
C. submit to D. object to
解析：　根據(jù)語境可知，這些小說揭露了文化的復(fù)雜性，而這
種復(fù)雜性是不容易和西方人的世界觀保持一致的。submit to意為
“屈服，服從”。
25. A. friends B. audience
C. teachers D. family
解析：　根據(jù)上文可知，作者對中國的了解都來自父親和爺
爺。
26. A. items B. memories
C. peoples D. cultures
解析： 　根據(jù)上文he brought back many items可知，作者也在這
些從中國帶來的物品中了解中國。item意為“物品，物件”。
27. A. modern B. real
C. ancient D. civilized
解析： 　根據(jù)下一句中的to the truth可知，作者認(rèn)為游客、學(xué)者
和中國人應(yīng)該向西方人解釋真正的中國。
28. A. slightly B. apparently
C. totally D. perhaps
解析： 　根據(jù)下文that I hope will provide another distinct exposure
to the truth可知，作者描述了一個(gè)完全不一樣的國家，供西方人去
了解中國真實(shí)的一面。
Ⅳ.語法填空
　　On 12 September 2023， the World Heritage Committee decided
29. 　　　　　　 （remove） the site of the Tombs of Buganda Kings at
Kasubi （Uganda） from the List of World Heritage in Danger，
following the successful restoration work 30. 　　　　　　 （conduct）
by Uganda with UNESCO’s support.
　　In 2010，a 31. 　　　　　　 （violence） fire destroyed the Tombs
of Buganda Kings at Kasubi 32. 　　　　　　 were included in
UNESCO’s World Heritage List in 2001.Then the site was placed on the
List of World Heritage in Danger， 33. 　　　　　　 （enable） an
ambitious reconstruction programme to be developed.This reconstruction
programme 34. 　　　　　 （complete） in the summer of 2023.
　　“This reconstruction is a collective success：that not only of
Ugandan authorities， of Ugandan heritage professionals， but also of the
local 35. 　　　　　　 （community） who were at the heart of the
process，” said Audrey Azoulay， Director-General of UNESCO.
　　Four royal tombs are located in the Muzibu-Azaala-Mpanga， the
main building.It is 36. 　　　　　 important example of architecture
using organic materials — wood， thatch （茅草）， reeds （蘆葦） and
plaster （灰泥） 37. 　　　　　 particular.As well as being important
for its architecture， it is a major spiritual centre for the Buganda
people.Key to the 38. 　　　　 （preserve） of their beliefs and
identity， it is a place in which traditional and cultural practices have been
kept alive.
語篇解讀：本文是一篇新聞報(bào)道。位于烏干達(dá)的卡蘇比王陵已完成
修復(fù)，成功擺脫“瀕危遺產(chǎn)”的頭銜。
29. to remove　考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。decide to do sth表示“決定做某
事”，故填to remove。
30. conducted　考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。設(shè)空處作后置定語修飾the
successful restoration work，又因?yàn)閏onduct與the successful restoration
work之間是邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，故填conducted。
31. violent　考查詞形轉(zhuǎn)換。設(shè)空處作定語，修飾名詞fire，故填形容
詞violent，意為“劇烈的，猛烈的”。
本文是一篇新聞報(bào)道。位于烏干達(dá)的卡蘇比王陵已完成
修復(fù)，成功擺脫“瀕危遺產(chǎn)”的頭銜。
32. that/which　考查定語從句。設(shè)空處引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句，指代先
行詞the Tombs of Buganda Kings at Kasubi，且在從句中作主語，故填
that/which。
33. enabling　考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。設(shè)空處與an ambitious reconstruction
programme to be developed一起作狀語，表示自然而然的結(jié)果，故填
enabling。
34. was completed　考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)和主謂一致。根據(jù)設(shè)空處
后的in the summer of 2023可知，設(shè)空處描述的是發(fā)生在過去的事情，
應(yīng)用一般過去時(shí)，又因主語This reconstruction programme與complete之
間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，應(yīng)用被動(dòng)語態(tài)，故填was completed。
munities　考查名詞復(fù)數(shù)。community在此處意為“社區(qū)”，
是可數(shù)名詞，表泛指，且其后為who were，應(yīng)用其復(fù)數(shù)形式，故填
communities。
36. an　考查冠詞。設(shè)空處表泛指，且其后important的讀音以元音音
素開頭，故填an。
37. in　考查固定搭配。in particular是固定搭配，意為“特別地，尤其
是”，故填in。
38. preservation　考查詞形轉(zhuǎn)換。設(shè)空處前有定冠詞the，后有介詞
of，應(yīng)用名詞形式，故填preservation。
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