資源簡介

Section Ⅲ　Integrated skills
Ⅰ.閱讀理解
A
Journey Back in Time with Scholars
Classical Provence （13 days）
　　Journey through the beautiful countryside of Provence， France， with Prof.Ori Z.Soltes.We will visit some of the best-preserved Roman monuments in the world.Our tour also includes a chance to walk in the footsteps of Van Gogh and Gauguin.Fields of flowers， tile-roofed （瓦屋頂） villages and tasty meals enrich this wonderful experience.
Southern Spain （15 days）
　　Spain has lovely white towns and the scent （芳香） of oranges， but it is also a treasury of ancient remains including the cities left by the Greeks， Romans and Arabs.As we travel south from Madrid with Prof.Ronald Messier to historic Toledo， Roman Mérida and into Andalucia， we explore historical monuments and architecture.
China’s Sacred Landscapes （21 days）
　　Discover the China of “past ages”， its walled cities， temples and mountain scenery with Prof.Robert Thorp.Highlights include China’s most sacred peaks at Mount Tai and Hangzhou’s rolling hills， waterways and peaceful temples.We will wander in traditional small towns and end our tour with an exceptional museum in Shanghai.
Tunisia （17 days）
　　Join Prof.Pedar Foss on our in-depth Tunisian tour.Tour highlights include the Roman city of Dougga， the underground Numidian capital at Bulla Regia，Roman Sbeitla and the remote areas around Tataouine and Matmata， unique for underground cities.Our journey takes us to picturesque Berber villages and lovely beaches.
1.What can visitors see in both Classical Provence and Southern Spain？（　　）
A.Historical monuments.　B.Fields of flowers.
C.Van Gogh’s paintings. D.Greek buildings.
2.Which country is Prof.Thorp most knowledgeable about？（　　）
A.France. B.Spain.
C.China. D.Tunisia.
3.Which of the following highlights the Tunisian tour？（　　）
A.White towns.
B.Underground cities.
C.Tile-roofed villages.
D.Rolling hills.
B
　　Invented in the Tang Dynasty and widely adopted after the Song Dynasty in Fujian， the watertight-bulkhead （水密艙壁） technology permits the construction of ocean-going ships with watertight compartments （隔層）.If one or two cabins are accidentally damaged at sea， water will not flood the other cabins and the ships will remain afloat.
　　The experience and working methods of watertight-bulkhead technology are transmitted orally from masters to apprentices.However， the need for Chinese junks （中國式帆船） has decreased sharply as wooden ships have been replaced by steel-hulled ships， and today only three masters can claim full command of this technology.Associated building costs have also increased owing to a shortage in raw materials.Therefore， the inheritance （繼承） of this heritage is decreasing， and inheritors are forced to seek alternative employment.
　　Zhang Guohui， a 77-year-old inheritor of the watertight-bulkhead techniques used to make Chinese junks， has been making ships for more than six ing from a poor family in a fishing town in East China’s Fujian Province， Zhang started to make a living at the age of 16 fishing on the open seas， which is where he developed a keen interest in constructing boats.As a fast learner， Zhang was later sent to shipyards in the cities of Quanzhou and Xiamen in Fujian Province， where he received training and became a master of traditional Chinese junks and gained fame because of his extremely skilled craftsmanship in the construction of these junks.
　　In fear that the traditional skills would die someday， Zhang started to restore old ships and make model junks for the museum with his 20 years of shipbuilding skills.“The restored ancient ships are the historical witnesses of Quanzhou as a maritime center of the East and Southeast Asia trade network，” said Zhang， adding that he finds the work meaningful since younger generations can learn from exhibitions of ancient ships that their ancestors had advanced shipbuilding technology at an early stage of development.“As long as I’m alive， I’ll keep passing on the heritage，” he said.
4.What function is expected of the watertight-bulkhead technology？（　　）
A.To prevent ships from sinking.
B.To reduce the weight of ships.
C.To allow ships to sail faster.
D.To help ships resist strong winds.
5.What is the purpose of Paragraph 2？（　　）
A.To prove the significance of steel-hulled ships.
B.To stress the complex process of building wooden ships.
C.To present people’s efforts to pass down cultural heritages.
D.To show difficulties of inheriting watertight-bulkhead technology.
6.What can we learn about Zhang Guohui from Paragraph 3？（　　）
A.He supports his family by fishing.
B.He was born with a talent for shipbuilding.
C.He has devoted himself to constructing boats.
D.He has won many awards for restoring ancient ships.
7.What does Zhang Guohui convey in his words？（　　）
A.Traditional culture should be innovated with the times.
B.The ancient ship trade originated from Quanzhou in China.
C.It is necessary for modern students to learn shipbuilding skills.
D.It is worth passing on traditional skills from generation to generation.
C
　　Born in 1902， Harry Beck was an English engineering draftsman （制圖員） who brought about a small revolution in the early 1930s when he created a completely new map of the London Underground.
　　Before Beck’s design， early maps were usually drawn to a geographically accurate scale （比例）.Map designers simply placed the subway lines on standard maps of the city streets.These maps clearly showed the subway lines that reached the areas outside the centre of London， but they made it difficult to make out the busy lines that joined directly under central London.
　　In the 1930s， Beck came up with a solution that would not take the geographical accuracy into account.He created a map that was a scaled-down linear diagram of the subway lines.More a basic outline of the lines than a true-to-life map， it didn’t tell travelers about how far it actually was between two points.Beck’s map had a clean structure with coloured lines.His idea was to create the plainest guide to show travelers how to get from one station to another.
　　It’s not clear what inspired him to start the project； he wasn’t asked to do it， but likely developed his design in his free time， while between jobs.It was more a presentation of his being creative， in seeing a problem and coming up with an answer to it， than a response to public demand.
　　His design was then presented to the London Passenger Transport Board， whose members refused to accept it， feeling that not showing relative distances between stations was silly and unreasonable.Still， after a time， in order to increase subway ridership and therefore earn more money， the Board decided to print a limited number of copies.Gradually， Beck’s map became a huge success.
　　For most of his life， Beck continued to make small improvements to the diagram， but he kept its basic designs and ideas.His clear diagrammatic method of mapping has been generally accepted and followed in the field of information design not only in London but also around the world.
8.What was the disadvantage of early subway maps？（　　）
A.They were not to scale.
B.They were hard to draw.
C.They were not user-friendly.
D.They were seldom updated.
9.Which aspect of a subway map did Beck focus on？（　　）
A.Its simplicity.
B.Its vivid details.
C.Its completeness.
D.Its geographical accuracy.
10.What do we know about Beck’s map from Paragraphs 4 and 5？（　　）
A.It was created accidentally.
B.It was an immediate success.
C.It was a reflection of his creativity.
D.It was designed to meet public need.
11.How did Beck contribute to the world？（　　）
A.He changed the construction of subways.
B.He inspired designers to improve the subway.
C.He made the first scaled-down linear map.
D.He provided a model for the design of subway maps.
D
　　More and more， while we are in schools and doing mediation （調解） with students， we find out that the conflict is more widespread than just them.It may involve other siblings （兄弟姐妹） and sometimes parents， guardians， aunts and uncles.This means that while we can do a lot of work with the students themselves， the root of the conflict we are trying to address is much deeper and needs to include more people in the conversations.
　　A few weeks ago， two of CCR’s （Center for Conflict Resolution’s） restorative justice coordinators （協調者） had a case that involved four students and their five guardians.During the beginning parts of the mediation， some of the adults in the room started to become heated and defensive of their child.A confrontation （對抗） occurred between a grandmother and one of the moms.CCR mediators separated the two parties and allowed them each to calm down.Then， CCR staff invited everyone in the room to pause and refocus on the task at hand.As a group， they reviewed the guidelines and actually added some that addressed why the adults were feeling so defensive.
　　Then， something incredible happened： The grandmother and the mom who were upset with each other earlier apologized to each other.They each said they had no issue with each other after hearing the other’s perspective.They hugged and agreed to communicate in a more positive way.
　　After the students witnessed this， they asked to have some space.They left the room together and as the adults watched from the window， they hugged each other and apologized.Once they came back into the room， the students made a plan for how to communicate in the future using the example of their guardians.At the end of the mediation， a student said， “It was easier to apologize when I saw it done.”
　　The power of role models is far beyond what we know.By modeling how to be angry effectively， we can change how our youth respond when they are angry too.
12.What is needed to deal with conflicts in schools according to the author？（　　）
A.More coordinators.
B.Broader conversations.
C.A simpler mediation process.
D.More communication with the students involved.
13.How did the grandmother and the mom feel at the beginning of the mediation？（　　）
A.Surprised. B.Doubtful.
C.Regretful. D.Annoyed.
14.What did the students do after leaving the room？（　　）
A.They made a secret plan.
B.They said sorry to each other.
C.They cleared a space for play.
D.They communicated with their guardians.
15.What would be the best title for this text？（　　）
A.The Nature of Conflicts
B.The Power of Role Models
C.The Correct Ways to Apologize
D.The Challenges of Family Relationships
Ⅱ.閱讀七選五
　　Ever wonder who came up with the idea of a metal staircase on high-rises to escape fires？ What about the hybrid （雜交成的） fruit known as tangelo （橘柚） — what’s that all about？ And the LEGO blocks that have fascinated children for decades — where did they come from？ 16.（　　）
　　Anna Connelly
　　In an effort to prevent the deaths of many living in multistory buildings in case of fire， Connelly designed a steel staircase that could be attached to the outside of a building.17.（　　） Fire escapes changed the way buildings were constructed in the early 1900s as cities increasingly included the escapes in their building codes.
　　Gregor Mendel
　　Mendel was a 19th-century botanist who discovered the key to plant heredity （遺傳過程）.His experiments with pea plants established the basic rules needed to create a hybrid.18.（　　） Tangelos （tangerine and pomelo or grapefruit） is a delicious example of a hybrid.
　　Margaret Knight
　　19.（　　） Yet she became one of the most productive problem solvers in the US Reportedly， teenager Knight created a device that would stop machines if objects were caught in them.Years later， she invented the first machine to make flat-bottomed bags — the kind we still use today.During her lifetime， Knight earned dozens of patents in different fields.
　　Ole Kirk Christiansen
　　Christiansen， a Danish carpenter （木匠）， owned a small woodworking shop that made and sold wooden furniture items — and toys.20.（　　） So Christiansen decided to make more.He renamed the company LEGO after the Danish words leg and godt， meaning “play well”.The LEGO company is still run by the Christiansen family.
A.People could climb down， and firefighters could go up.
B.She went on to promote the education of women in science.
C.His small painted wood bricks were his most popular products.
D.Here are some people whose inventions have changed our history.
E.This female inventor had little schooling and never traveled far from home.
F.The cross between two or more parent plants creates a new variety with desired features.
G.Her intelligent views on community planning changed the way Americans thought about cities.
Ⅲ.應用文寫作
　　以史為鑒知興替，以史正人明得失。你班下周英語課將圍繞“學習歷史的重要性”這一話題展開討論。請你準備一份發言稿，發表你的觀點。
注意：寫作詞數應為80左右。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
Section Ⅲ　Integrated skills
Ⅰ.
語篇解讀：本文是一篇應用文。文章主要介紹了四個有歷史遺跡的地方——普羅旺斯、西班牙南部、中國和突尼斯，在這些地方游客可以與學者們一起穿梭時間，游歷古建筑。
1.A　細節理解題。根據Classical Provence （13 days）部分中的第二句和Southern Spain （15 days）部分最后一句中的we explore historical monuments and architecture 可知，游客們在這兩個地方都能觀賞到歷史遺跡。
2.C　細節理解題。根據China’s Sacred Landscapes （21 days）部分中的第一句可知，相比其他國家，索普教授對中國最為了解。
3.B　細節理解題。根據Tunisia （17 days）部分中的Tour highlights include ...unique for underground cities.可知，地下城市使得突尼斯之旅尤為精彩。
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了發明于唐代，普及于宋代的水密艙壁技術以及致力于該項技術的推廣與傳承的張國輝老人。
4.A　細節理解題。根據第一段尾句可知，水密艙壁技術可以讓船只在部分受損的情況下，仍可以保持漂浮不下沉。
5.D　目的意圖題。根據第二段內容可知，本段意在講述當今時代傳承這項技術的困難：需求減少、原料短缺、成本上漲等。
6.C　細節理解題。根據第三段第一句可知，張國輝老人致力于造船事業。
7.D　推理判斷題。根據最后一段中的he finds the work meaningful since younger generations can learn from exhibitions of ancient ships可推知，老人說這些話表明他認為代代傳承傳統技藝是有意義的，是值得的。
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。為了解決早期倫敦地鐵線路圖中存在的問題，Harry Beck繪制了更為實用的地鐵線路圖，并對設計領域產生深遠影響。
8.C　推理判斷題。根據第二段內容可知，早期的地鐵線路圖是直接在標準的街道地圖上標注的，因此繁華地區的線路不夠醒目，使用起來很不方便。
9.A　細節理解題。根據第三段最后一句可知，Beck注重的是地鐵線路圖的簡明性，想要給出最直觀的指示。
10.C　細節理解題。根據第四段最后一句可知，Beck設計的地鐵線路圖是他在發現并解決問題方面的創造力的展現，而不是對公眾需求的響應。
11.D　推理判斷題。根據最后一段第二句可知，Beck簡明的繪圖方式被世界各地的信息設計領域廣泛接受和沿用。由此可推斷，Beck為地鐵線路圖的設計提供了一個范例。
語篇解讀：本文是一篇夾敘夾議文。成年人應該以身作則，通過自己的行動向年輕人示范正確的沖突解決方式。
12.B　細節理解題。根據第一段中的the root of the conflict we are trying to address is much deeper and needs to include more people in the conversations 可知，學校在調解過程中發現沖突通常不僅僅涉及學生本人，還可能涉及其他家庭成員。因此，需要拓展對話范圍以深入解決沖突根源。
13.D　推理判斷題。根據第二段中的During the beginning parts of the mediation， some of the adults in the room started to become heated and defensive ...a grandmother and one of the moms.可知，在調解初期，房間里的一些成年人情緒激動，都在為自己的孩子辯解。一場沖突在一位祖母和一位媽媽之間發生了。由此可推知，那位祖母和那位媽媽當時都很生氣。
14.B　細節理解題。根據倒數第二段中的They left the room together and as the adults watched from the window， they hugged each other and apologized.可知，孩子們走出房間后，模仿著大人們的樣子，相擁在一起并向彼此道歉。
15.B　標題歸納題。根據最后一段并結合文中的案例可知，本文意在傳達：成年人的言行舉止會對青少年產生重要的影響。成年人應該以身作則，通過示范告訴年輕人如何正確解決沖突，從而在潛移默化中改變他們的行為方式。因此B項為本文的最佳標題。
Ⅱ.
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了幾位改變人類歷史的發明家。
16.D　上文通過三個排比問句引出話題，引導讀者對幾項生活中常見事物的發明者產生好奇；下面幾段分別介紹了幾位改變人類歷史的發明家，故D項符合語境。
17.A　設空處前一句指出：為了防止多層建筑中的居民在火災中喪生，Anna Connelly設計了一種可以與建筑物外部相連的鋼樓梯。設空處后一句介紹了這種防火梯為城市建筑帶來的影響。A項符合語境。A項中的climb down和go up與設空處前一句中的staircase相呼應，firefighters與上下文中的fire相呼應。
18.F　上文介紹了Gregor Mendel發現了植物遺傳的關鍵。他的豌豆實驗確定了實現品種雜交所需的基本規則。下文指出美味的橘柚便是一個雜交品種。F項符合語境。F項中的plants與上文中的plant以及plants構成原詞復現。
19.E　設空處后一句指出：然而，她成為美國最多產的問題解決者之一。下文接著介紹了這位女發明家的幾項發明。E項符合語境，與設空處后一句構成轉折關系。
20.C　設空處前一句說明了Ole Kirk Christiansen這位丹麥木匠曾經營一家小型木工店，制作和銷售木制家具和玩具。設空處后一句指出：因此，Christiansen決定制作更多。C項符合語境，與設空處后一句構成因果關系。
Ⅲ.
　　History isn’t about merely memorizing dates， names， and places.It is a mirror through which we can understand the rise and fall of civilizations and learn from the gains and losses of historical figures.
　　Studying history helps us navigate through the complexities of the present by examining how the past has shaped our culture， society， and the world at large.Moreover， history is packed with incredible， real-life stories.The lessons we learn from these stories can guide our personal growth.
　　In essence， history empowers us to craft a brighter future through the wisdom it passes on.
5 / 5Section Ⅲ　Integrated skills
寫一篇文章，發表對通俗史書的觀點
　　本單元的寫作任務是寫一篇文章，發表對通俗史書的觀點。此類文章屬于觀點類議論文。議論文是通過剖析事物來論述事理、發表意見或提出主張的一種文體，要求作者通過擺事實、講道理、辨是非來確定某一觀點的正確或錯誤，肯定或否定某種觀點或主張。觀點類的議論文是就某問題或某件事通過擺事實、講道理的方式發表自己的看法。
　　寫此類文章時，要做到要點完整、條理清晰、層次分明，以使文章有條理。在寫作時，常使用一般現在時。具體寫作結構為：
一、寫作常用詞匯
1.historian n.　　　　　歷史學家
2.fantastic adj. 好極了；了不起的；難以置信的；怪誕的；富于想象的
3.describe vt. 描述
4.figure n. 人物
5.popular history books 通俗史書
6.academic history books 學術史書
7.general/ordinary readers　一般讀者
8.become increasingly popular 變得越來越受歡迎
9.an enjoyable and interesting experience　一次愉快而有趣的經歷
10.less-known writers 鮮為人知的作家
11.be close to ordinary people 貼近普通人
12.historical events 歷史事件
13.in simple terms 簡單來說
14.the public 公眾
15.well worth reading 值得一讀
二、寫作常用句（注意加黑部分的表達）
1.開頭常用句
①Nowadays more and more popular history books are widely read in everyday life.
如今，越來越多的通俗史書在日常生活中被廣泛閱讀。
②In recent years， popular history books are gaining growing popularity among the public.
近年來，通俗史書在公眾中越來越受歡迎。
③Nowadays，there is a trend that more and more people choose to read popular history books.
如今，有一種趨勢，越來越多的人選擇閱讀通俗史書。
2.主體常用句
①This type of history book presents historical information in an easy-to-understand way.
這種類型的歷史書以一種容易讀懂的方式呈現歷史信息。
②It also provides a knowledge base for those who want to study history but need to walk before they can run.
它還為那些想學習歷史但需要循序漸進的人提供了知識基礎。
③The authors adopt a natural， chatty style of writing that opens up the subject matter to the ordinary reader.
作者采用了一種自然、健談的寫作風格，向普通讀者開放了主題。
④Also， they often use stories and interesting comparisons to describe historical figures or events vividly， thus engaging the reader’s interest.
此外，他們經常用故事和有趣的比較來生動地描述歷史人物或事件，從而吸引讀者的興趣。
3.結尾常用句
①In a word， I think reading popular history books is certainly a fantastic way to introduce people to the basics of history.
總之，我認為，閱讀通俗史書無疑是向人們介紹歷史基本知識的絕佳方式。
②In conclusion， this type of history book is highly readable and true to life， which is well worth reading.
總之，這類歷史書可讀性強，符合現實生活，非常值得一讀。
　　假定你是李華，請你以I Prefer to Read Popular History Books為話題寫一篇短文，向學校英文報投稿，內容包括：
　　1.介紹通俗史書的興起這一現象，并說明看法；
　　2.闡述自己支持通俗史書的原因并舉例論證觀點；
　　3.做出強有力的總結。
注意：1.寫作詞數應為80左右；
2.可以適當增加細節，以使行文連貫。
第一步：審題謀篇，合理布局
第二步：遣詞造句，規范得體
◎核心詞匯
1.流行，受歡迎　　　　　　　　　　　　
2.書架 　　　　　　　
3.贊同；支持；主張 　　　　　　　
4.非正式的 　　　　　　　
5.描述歷史人物或事件 　　　　　　　
6.生動地 　　　　　　　
7.打下堅實的基礎 　　　　　　　
8.基本規律 　　　　　　　
9.精通，擅長 　　　　　　　
10.學術的 　　　　　　　
◎遣詞造句
1.現在，有一種趨勢。（存現句）
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
2.通俗史書在人們的書架上很受歡迎。（介詞短語）
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
3.就我而言，我主張讀通俗史書。（非謂語動詞）
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
4.作者采用一種自然的、非正式的寫作風格。（一般現在時）
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
5.這讓讀者更容易理解。（it作形式賓語）
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
6.他們經常用故事和有趣的比較生動地描述歷史人物或事件，從而極大地吸引了讀者的興趣。（非限制性定語從句）
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
7.它們也可以為那些想要學習歷史的人打下堅實的基礎。（限制性定語從句）
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
8.如果你想掌握好歷史，你需要借助于學術性歷史書籍。（條件狀語從句）
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
第三步：詞句升級，彰顯文采
1.用同位語從句合并句1和句2
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
2.用which引導的非限制性定語從句合并句4和句5
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
3.用動詞-ing形式作結果狀語改寫句6
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
第四步：檢查謄寫，連句成篇
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
【即時演練】
　　學校圖書館需要購置一批新書，現向學生征求意見。假定你是李華，你認為學校圖書館最需要購置科普類圖書（popular science books）和歷史類圖書（history books）。請你用英語給圖書館王老師寫一封郵件，推薦這兩類書，并分別說明推薦理由。
注意：1.寫作詞數應為80 左右；
2.請按如下格式作答。
Dear Mr Wang，
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
Yours sincerely，
Li Hua
comparison n.對比；比較
【教材原句】　Also， they often use stories and interesting comparisons to describe historical figures or events vividly， thus engaging the reader’s interest.
此外，他們經常用故事和有趣的比較來生動地描述歷史人物或事件，從而引起讀者的興趣。
【用法】
（1）make a comparison with與……作比較 by comparison　　　相比之下，相較而言 in comparison with 與……相比較 （2）compare vt. 比較；匹敵；比喻；相比 n. 比較 compare ... with ... 把……和……相比較 compare ... to ... 把……比作…… compared to/with ... 和……相比（通常作狀語） beyond/without compare 無與倫比，舉世無雙
【佳句】　Through comparison， you will get a better understanding of traditional Chinese values and beliefs.通過對比，你會更好地了解中國傳統的價值觀和信念。
【練透】　單句語法填空
①　　　　　　 comparison， the government’s investment in public education increased by 10％ last year.
②It seemed a small challenge 　　　　（compare） to the one I was about to face， but things started to go wrong right from the beginning.
③Living in the country is cheaper， in 　　　　　　（compare） with living in the big cities.
【寫美】　同義句轉換
④In comparison with your room， my room is much smaller.
→　　　　　　　　　　　　， my room is much smaller.
contrary adj.相反的，相對立的；截然不同的 n.相反的事實（或事情、情況）
【教材原句】　Contrary to popular history books， most academic books tend to adopt a more analytical and serious approach to studying history.
與通俗史書相反，大多數學術著作往往采用更具分析性、更嚴肅的方式研究歷史。
【用法】
（1）（be） contrary to 　　　　與……相反 （2）on the contrary 正相反，恰恰相反 to the contrary 相反的；相對立的
【佳句】　Contrary to what many people thought， the graduate came here not to seek fame or money but the true value of life.
與許多人的想法相反，這個畢業生來這里不是為了追求名利，而是追求人生的真正價值。
Tom’s failure didn’t discourage him.On the contrary， it inspired him to make more efforts.
湯姆的失敗沒有使他氣餒。相反，這激勵他更加努力。
【練透】　單句語法填空
①Losing the job did not mean losing everything.　　　　　　 the contrary， it gave me a chance to look into myself.
②Contrary 　　　　　　the weather forecast， we had a fine day that day.
③I will continue to believe it until I get proof 　　　　　　the contrary.
【寫美】　完成句子
④The company’s actions should not 　　　　　　　　the public interest.
公司的行為不應與公眾利益相悖。
Section Ⅲ　Integrated skills
【典例體驗·提素能】
第二步
核心詞匯
1.popularity　2.shelf　3.in favour of
4.informal　5.describe historical figures or events　6.vividly
7.lay the solid foundation　8.basics
9.have a good command of　10.academic
遣詞造句
1.Nowadays， there is a trend.
2.Popular history books enjoy great popularity on people’s shelves.
3.As for/to me， I am in favour of reading popular history books.
4.The authors adopt a natural， informal style of writing.
5.This makes it easier for the readers to understand.
6.They often use stories and interesting comparisons to describe historical figures or events vividly， which greatly attracts the readers’ interest.
7.They can also lay the solid foundation for those who want to study history.
8.If you want to have a good command of history， you need to turn to academic history books.
第三步
1.Nowadays， there is a trend that popular history books enjoy great popularity on people’s shelves.
2.The authors adopt a natural， informal style of writing， which makes it easier for the readers to understand.
3.They often use stories and interesting comparisons to describe historical figures or events vividly， greatly attracting the readers’ interest.
第四步
　　Nowadays， there is a trend that popular history books enjoy great popularity on people’s shelves.As for/to me， I am in favour of reading popular history books.The reasons are as follows.
　　First of all， the authors adopt a natural， informal style of writing， which makes it easier for the readers to understand.In addition， they often use stories and interesting comparisons to describe historical figures or events vividly， greatly attracting the readers’ interest.Furthermore， they can also lay the solid foundation for those who want to study history.
　　To conclude， reading popular history books is an excellent way for people to learn the basics of history.But if you want to have a good command of history， you need to turn to academic history books.
即時演練
Dear Mr Wang，
　　As far as I know， our school library plans to buy some books.What I’m writing for is to suggest buying popular science books and history books.
　　Not only do popular science books offer us students basic knowledge about science， but they are also helpful to deal with daily problems in a scientific way.Apart from popular science books， history books are also beneficial in many aspects.For instance， they can open our eyes to the past as well as arouse our thoughts about life.Besides， the more history books we read， the more we will cherish our hard-won happiness.
　　I would appreciate it if you could adopt my advice.
Yours sincerely，
Li Hua
【核心知識·巧突破】
1.①By　②compared　③comparison
④Compared with your room
2.①On　②to　③to　④be contrary to
6 / 6(共89張PPT)
Section Ⅲ　Integrated skills
寫一篇文章，發表對通俗史書的觀點
1
寫作指導·增底蘊
目 錄
2
典例體驗·提素能
4
課時檢測·提能力
3
核心知識·巧突破
寫作指導·增底蘊
儲備寫作素材
1
　　本單元的寫作任務是寫一篇文章，發表對通俗史書的觀點。
此類文章屬于觀點類議論文。議論文是通過剖析事物來論述事
理、發表意見或提出主張的一種文體，要求作者通過擺事實、講
道理、辨是非來確定某一觀點的正確或錯誤，肯定或否定某種觀
點或主張。觀點類的議論文是就某問題或某件事通過擺事實、講
道理的方式發表自己的看法。
　　寫此類文章時，要做到要點完整、條理清晰、層次分明，以使文
章有條理。在寫作時，常使用一般現在時。具體寫作結構為：
一、寫作常用詞匯
1. historian n.　　　　　　歷史學家
2. fantastic adj. 好極了；了不起的；難以置信的；怪誕的；
富于想象的
3. describe vt. 描述
4. figure n. 人物
5. popular history books 通俗史書
6. academic history books 學術史書
7. general/ordinary readers 一般讀者
8. become increasingly popular 變得越來越受歡迎
9. an enjoyable and interesting experience 一次愉快而有趣的經歷
10. less-known writers 鮮為人知的作家
11. be close to ordinary people 貼近普通人
12. historical events 歷史事件
13. in simple terms 簡單來說
14. the public 公眾
15. well worth reading 值得一讀
二、寫作常用句（注意加藍部分的表達）
1. 開頭常用句
①Nowadays more and more popular history books are widely read
in everyday life.
如今，越來越多的通俗史書在日常生活中被廣泛閱讀。
②In recent years， popular history books are gaining growing
popularity among the public.
近年來，通俗史書在公眾中越來越受歡迎。
③Nowadays，there is a trend that more and more people choose to
read popular history books.
如今，有一種趨勢，越來越多的人選擇閱讀通俗史書。
2. 主體常用句
①This type of history book presents historical information in an
easy-to-understand way.
這種類型的歷史書以一種容易讀懂的方式呈現歷史信息。
②It also provides a knowledge base for those who want to study
history but need to walk before they can run.
它還為那些想學習歷史但需要循序漸進的人提供了知識基礎。
③The authors adopt a natural， chatty style of writing that opens up
the subject matter to the ordinary reader.
作者采用了一種自然、健談的寫作風格，向普通讀者開放了主題。
④Also， they often use stories and interesting comparisons to describe
historical figures or events vividly， thus engaging the reader’s
interest.
此外，他們經常用故事和有趣的比較來生動地描述歷史人物或事
件，從而吸引讀者的興趣。
3. 結尾常用句
①In a word， I think reading popular history books is certainly a
fantastic way to introduce people to the basics of history.
總之，我認為，閱讀通俗史書無疑是向人們介紹歷史基本知識的絕
佳方式。
②In conclusion， this type of history book is highly readable and true
to life， which is well worth reading.
總之，這類歷史書可讀性強，符合現實生活，非常值得一讀。
典例體驗·提素能
點撥寫作技法
2
　　假定你是李華，請你以I Prefer to Read Popular History Books為話
題寫一篇短文，向學校英文報投稿，內容包括：
　　1. 介紹通俗史書的興起這一現象，并說明看法；
　　2. 闡述自己支持通俗史書的原因并舉例論證觀點；
　　3. 做出強有力的總結。
注意：1.寫作詞數應為80左右；
2. 可以適當增加細節，以使行文連貫。
第一步：審題謀篇，合理布局
第二步：遣詞造句，規范得體
◎核心詞匯
1. 流行，受歡迎
2. 書架
3. 贊同；支持；主張
4. 非正式的
5. 描述歷史人物或事件

popularity　
shelf　
in favour of　
informal　
describe historical figures　
or events　
6. 生動地
7. 打下堅實的基礎
8. 基本規律
9. 精通，擅長
10. 學術的
vividly　
lay the solid foundation　
basics　
have a good command of　
academic　
◎遣詞造句
1. 現在，有一種趨勢。（存現句）

2. 通俗史書在人們的書架上很受歡迎。（介詞短語）

3. 就我而言，我主張讀通俗史書。（非謂語動詞）

4. 作者采用一種自然的、非正式的寫作風格。（一般現在時）

Nowadays， there is a trend.　
Popular history books enjoy great popularity on people’s shelves.　
As for/to me， I am in favour of reading popular history books.　
The authors adopt a natural， informal style of writing.　
5. 這讓讀者更容易理解。（it作形式賓語）

6. 他們經常用故事和有趣的比較生動地描述歷史人物或事件，從而極
大地吸引了讀者的興趣。（非限制性定語從句）



This makes it easier for the readers to understand.　
　They often use stories and interesting comparisons to describe
historical figures or events vividly， which greatly attracts the
readers’ interest.　
7. 它們也可以為那些想要學習歷史的人打下堅實的基礎。（限制性定
語從句）


8. 如果你想掌握好歷史，你需要借助于學術性歷史書籍。（條件狀語
從句）


　They can also lay the solid foundation for those who want to study
history.　
　If you want to have a good command of history， you need to turn to
academic history books.　
第三步：詞句升級，彰顯文采
1. 用同位語從句合并句1和句2


2. 用which引導的非限制性定語從句合并句4和句5


　Nowadays， there is a trend that popular history books enjoy great
popularity on people’s shelves.　
　The authors adopt a natural， informal style of writing， which
makes it easier for the readers to understand.　
3. 用動詞-ing形式作結果狀語改寫句6



　They often use stories and interesting comparisons to describe
historical figures or events vividly， greatly attracting the readers’
interest.　
第四步：檢查謄寫，連句成篇
　　


　　 　Nowadays， there is a trend that popular history books enjoy great
popularity on people’s shelves.As for/to me， I am in favour of reading
popular history books.The reasons are as follows.　






　　


　First of all， the authors adopt a natural， informal style of writing，
which makes it easier for the readers to understand.In addition， they
often use stories and interesting comparisons to describe historical figures
or events vividly， greatly attracting the readers’ interest.Furthermore，
they can also lay the solid foundation for those who want to study
history.　
　　 　To conclude， reading popular history books is an excellent way
for people to learn the basics of history.But if you want to have a good
command of history， you need to turn to academic history books.　
【即時演練】
　　學校圖書館需要購置一批新書，現向學生征求意見。假定你是李
華，你認為學校圖書館最需要購置科普類圖書（popular science
books）和歷史類圖書（history books）。請你用英語給圖書館王老師
寫一封郵件，推薦這兩類書，并分別說明推薦理由。
注意：1.寫作詞數應為80 左右；
2. 請按如下格式作答。
Dear Mr Wang，
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
Yours sincerely，
Li Hua
參考范文：
Dear Mr Wang，
　　As far as I know， our school library plans to buy some
books.What I’m writing for is to suggest buying popular science
books and history books.
　　Not only do popular science books offer us students basic
knowledge about science， but they are also helpful to deal with daily
problems in a scientific way.Apart from popular science books，
history books are also beneficial in many aspects.For instance， they
can open our eyes to the past as well as arouse our thoughts about
life.Besides， the more history books we read， the more we will
cherish our hard-won happiness.
　　I would appreciate it if you could adopt my advice.
Yours sincerely，
Li Hua
核心知識·巧突破
探究課堂重點
3
comparison n.對比；比較
【教材原句】　Also， they often use stories and interesting
comparisons to describe historical figures or events vividly， thus
engaging the reader’s interest.
此外，他們經常用故事和有趣的比較來生動地描述歷史人物或事件，
從而引起讀者的興趣。
【用法】
（1）make a comparison with與……作比較
by comparison 相比之下，相較而言
in comparison with 與……相比較
（2）compare vt. 比較；匹敵；比喻；相比
n. 比較
compare ... with ... 把……和……相比較
compare ... to ... 把……比作……
compared to/with ... 　和……相比（通常作狀語）
beyond/without compare　無與倫比，舉世無雙
【佳句】　Through comparison， you will get a better understanding of
traditional Chinese values and beliefs.
通過對比，你會更好地了解中國傳統的價值觀和信念。
【練透】　單句語法填空
① comparison， the government’s investment in public
education increased by 10％ last year.
②It seemed a small challenge （compare） to the one I
was about to face， but things started to go wrong right from the
beginning.
③Living in the country is cheaper， in （compare）
with living in the big cities.
By　
compared　
comparison　
【寫美】　同義句轉換
④In comparison with your room， my room is much smaller.
→ ， my room is much smaller.
Compared with your room　
contrary adj.相反的，相對立的；截然不同的 n.相反的事實（或事
情、情況）
【教材原句】　Contrary to popular history books， most academic
books tend to adopt a more analytical and serious approach to studying
history.
與通俗史書相反，大多數學術著作往往采用更具分析性、更嚴肅的方
式研究歷史。
【用法】
（1）（be） contrary to 　　　　與……相反
（2）on the contrary 正相反，恰恰相反
to the contrary 相反的；相對立的
【佳句】　Contrary to what many people thought， the graduate came
here not to seek fame or money but the true value of life.
與許多人的想法相反，這個畢業生來這里不是為了追求名利，而是追
求人生的真正價值。
Tom’s failure didn’t discourage him.On the contrary， it inspired him
to make more efforts.
湯姆的失敗沒有使他氣餒。相反，這激勵他更加努力。
【練透】　單句語法填空
①Losing the job did not mean losing everything. the contrary， it
gave me a chance to look into myself.
②Contrary the weather forecast， we had a fine day that day.
③I will continue to believe it until I get proof the contrary.
【寫美】　完成句子
④The company’s actions should not the public
interest.
公司的行為不應與公眾利益相悖。
On　
to　
to　
be contrary to　
課時檢測·提能力
培育學科素養
4
Ⅰ.閱讀理解
A
Journey Back in Time with Scholars
Classical Provence （13 days）
　　Journey through the beautiful countryside of Provence， France，
with Prof.Ori Z. Soltes.We will visit some of the best-preserved Roman
monuments in the world.Our tour also includes a chance to walk in the
footsteps of Van Gogh and Gauguin.Fields of flowers， tile-roofed （瓦屋
頂） villages and tasty meals enrich this wonderful experience.
Southern Spain （15 days）
　　Spain has lovely white towns and the scent （芳香） of oranges，
but it is also a treasury of ancient remains including the cities left by the
Greeks， Romans and Arabs.As we travel south from Madrid with
Prof.Ronald Messier to historic Toledo， Roman Mérida and into
Andalucia， we explore historical monuments and architecture.
China’s Sacred Landscapes （21 days）
　　Discover the China of “past ages”， its walled cities， temples and
mountain scenery with Prof.Robert Thorp.Highlights include China’s
most sacred peaks at Mount Tai and Hangzhou’s rolling hills，
waterways and peaceful temples.We will wander in traditional small towns
and end our tour with an exceptional museum in Shanghai.
Tunisia （17 days）
　　Join Prof.Pedar Foss on our in-depth Tunisian tour.Tour highlights
include the Roman city of Dougga， the underground Numidian capital at
Bulla Regia，Roman Sbeitla and the remote areas around Tataouine and
Matmata， unique for underground cities.Our journey takes us to
picturesque Berber villages and lovely beaches.
語篇解讀：本文是一篇應用文。文章主要介紹了四個有歷史遺跡的
地方——普羅旺斯、西班牙南部、中國和突尼斯，在這些地方游客
可以與學者們一起穿梭時間，游歷古建筑。
本文是一篇應用文。文章主要介紹了四個有歷史遺跡的
地方——普羅旺斯、西班牙南部、中國和突尼斯，在這些地方游客
可以與學者們一起穿梭時間，游歷古建筑。
1. What can visitors see in both Classical Provence and Southern Spain？
（　　）
A. Historical monuments. B. Fields of flowers.
C. Van Gogh’s paintings. D. Greek buildings.
解析：　細節理解題。根據Classical Provence （13 days）部分中
的第二句和Southern Spain （15 days）部分最后一句中的we
explore historical monuments and architecture 可知，游客們在這兩個
地方都能觀賞到歷史遺跡。
2. Which country is Prof.Thorp most knowledgeable about？（　　）
A. France. B. Spain.
C. China. D. Tunisia.
解析：　細節理解題。根據China’s Sacred Landscapes （21
days）部分中的第一句可知，相比其他國家，索普教授對中國最為
了解。
3. Which of the following highlights the Tunisian tour？（　　）
A. White towns. B. Underground cities.
C. Tile-roofed villages. D. Rolling hills.
解析：　細節理解題。根據Tunisia （17 days）部分中的Tour
highlights include ...unique for underground cities.可知，地下城市
使得突尼斯之旅尤為精彩。
B
　　Invented in the Tang Dynasty and widely adopted after the Song
Dynasty in Fujian， the watertight-bulkhead （水密艙壁） technology
permits the construction of ocean-going ships with watertight
compartments （隔層）.If one or two cabins are accidentally damaged at
sea， water will not flood the other cabins and the ships will remain afloat.
　　The experience and working methods of watertight-bulkhead
technology are transmitted orally from masters to apprentices.However，
the need for Chinese junks （中國式帆船） has decreased sharply as
wooden ships have been replaced by steel-hulled ships， and today only
three masters can claim full command of this technology.Associated
building costs have also increased owing to a shortage in raw
materials.Therefore， the inheritance （繼承） of this heritage is
decreasing， and inheritors are forced to seek alternative employment.
　　Zhang Guohui， a 77-year-old inheritor of the watertight-bulkhead
techniques used to make Chinese junks， has been making ships for more
than six ing from a poor family in a fishing town in East
China’s Fujian Province， Zhang started to make a living at the age of 16
fishing on the open seas， which is where he developed a keen interest in
constructing boats.As a fast learner， Zhang was later sent to shipyards in
the cities of Quanzhou and Xiamen in Fujian Province， where he received
training and became a master of traditional Chinese junks and gained fame
because of his extremely skilled craftsmanship in the construction of these
junks.
　　In fear that the traditional skills would die someday， Zhang started to
restore old ships and make model junks for the museum with his 20 years
of shipbuilding skills.“The restored ancient ships are the historical
witnesses of Quanzhou as a maritime center of the East and Southeast Asia
trade network，” said Zhang， adding that he finds the work meaningful
since younger generations can learn from exhibitions of ancient ships that
their ancestors had advanced shipbuilding technology at an early stage of
development.“As long as I’m alive， I’ll keep passing on the
heritage，” he said.
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了發明于唐代，普及于宋
代的水密艙壁技術以及致力于該項技術的推廣與傳承的張國輝老
本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了發明于唐代，普及于宋
代的水密艙壁技術以及致力于該項技術的推廣與傳承的張國輝老人。
4. What function is expected of the watertight-bulkhead technology？
（　　）
A. To prevent ships from sinking.
B. To reduce the weight of ships.
C. To allow ships to sail faster.
D. To help ships resist strong winds.
解析：　細節理解題。根據第一段尾句可知，水密艙壁技術可以
讓船只在部分受損的情況下，仍可以保持漂浮不下沉。
5. What is the purpose of Paragraph 2？（　　）
A. To prove the significance of steel-hulled ships.
B. To stress the complex process of building wooden ships.
C. To present people’s efforts to pass down cultural heritages.
D. To show difficulties of inheriting watertight-bulkhead technology.
解析：　目的意圖題。根據第二段內容可知，本段意在講述當今
時代傳承這項技術的困難：需求減少、原料短缺、成本上漲等。
6. What can we learn about Zhang Guohui from Paragraph 3？（　　）
A. He supports his family by fishing.
B. He was born with a talent for shipbuilding.
C. He has devoted himself to constructing boats.
D. He has won many awards for restoring ancient ships.
解析：　細節理解題。根據第三段第一句可知，張國輝老人致力
于造船事業。
7. What does Zhang Guohui convey in his words？（　　）
A. Traditional culture should be innovated with the times.
B. The ancient ship trade originated from Quanzhou in China.
C. It is necessary for modern students to learn shipbuilding skills.
D. It is worth passing on traditional skills from generation to generation.
解析：　推理判斷題。根據最后一段中的he finds the work
meaningful since younger generations can learn from exhibitions of
ancient ships可推知，老人說這些話表明他認為代代傳承傳統技藝
是有意義的，是值得的。
C
　　Born in 1902， Harry Beck was an English engineering draftsman
（制圖員） who brought about a small revolution in the early 1930s when
he created a completely new map of the London Underground.
　　Before Beck’s design， early maps were usually drawn to a
geographically accurate scale （比例）.Map designers simply placed the
subway lines on standard maps of the city streets.These maps clearly
showed the subway lines that reached the areas outside the centre of
London， but they made it difficult to make out the busy lines that joined
directly under central London.
　　In the 1930s， Beck came up with a solution that would not take the
geographical accuracy into account.He created a map that was a scaled-
down linear diagram of the subway lines.More a basic outline of the lines
than a true-to-life map， it didn’t tell travelers about how far it actually
was between two points.Beck’s map had a clean structure with coloured
lines.His idea was to create the plainest guide to show travelers how to get
from one station to another.
　　It’s not clear what inspired him to start the project； he wasn’t
asked to do it， but likely developed his design in his free time， while
between jobs.It was more a presentation of his being creative， in seeing a
problem and coming up with an answer to it， than a response to public
demand.
　　His design was then presented to the London Passenger Transport
Board， whose members refused to accept it， feeling that not showing
relative distances between stations was silly and unreasonable.Still， after
a time， in order to increase subway ridership and therefore earn more
money， the Board decided to print a limited number of
copies.Gradually， Beck’s map became a huge success.
　　For most of his life， Beck continued to make small improvements to
the diagram， but he kept its basic designs and ideas.His clear
diagrammatic method of mapping has been generally accepted and
followed in the field of information design not only in London but also
around the world.
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。為了解決早期倫敦地鐵線路圖中存
在的問題，Harry Beck繪制了更為實用的地鐵線路圖，并對設計領域
產生深遠影響。
本文是一篇說明文。為了解決早期倫敦地鐵線路圖中存
在的問題，Harry Beck繪制了更為實用的地鐵線路圖，并對設計領域
產生深遠影響。
8. What was the disadvantage of early subway maps？（　　）
A. They were not to scale.
B. They were hard to draw.
C. They were not user-friendly.
D. They were seldom updated.
解析：　推理判斷題。根據第二段內容可知，早期的地鐵線路圖
是直接在標準的街道地圖上標注的，因此繁華地區的線路不夠醒
目，使用起來很不方便。
9. Which aspect of a subway map did Beck focus on？（　　）
A. Its simplicity.
B. Its vivid details.
C. Its completeness.
D. Its geographical accuracy.
解析：　細節理解題。根據第三段最后一句可知，Beck注重的是
地鐵線路圖的簡明性，想要給出最直觀的指示。
10. What do we know about Beck’s map from Paragraphs 4 and 5？
（　　）
A. It was created accidentally.
B. It was an immediate success.
C. It was a reflection of his creativity.
D. It was designed to meet public need.
解析：　細節理解題。根據第四段最后一句可知，Beck設計的
地鐵線路圖是他在發現并解決問題方面的創造力的展現，而不是
對公眾需求的響應。
11. How did Beck contribute to the world？（　　）
A. He changed the construction of subways.
B. He inspired designers to improve the subway.
C. He made the first scaled-down linear map.
D. He provided a model for the design of subway maps.
解析：　推理判斷題。根據最后一段第二句可知，Beck簡明的
繪圖方式被世界各地的信息設計領域廣泛接受和沿用。由此可推
斷，Beck為地鐵線路圖的設計提供了一個范例。
D
　　More and more， while we are in schools and doing mediation （調
解） with students， we find out that the conflict is more widespread than
just them.It may involve other siblings （兄弟姐妹） and sometimes
parents， guardians， aunts and uncles.This means that while we can do a
lot of work with the students themselves， the root of the conflict we are
trying to address is much deeper and needs to include more people in the
conversations.
　　A few weeks ago， two of CCR’s （Center for Conflict
Resolution’s） restorative justice coordinators （協調者） had a case
that involved four students and their five guardians.During the beginning
parts of the mediation， some of the adults in the room started to become
heated and defensive of their child.A confrontation （對抗） occurred
between a grandmother and one of the moms.CCR mediators separated the
two parties and allowed them each to calm down.Then， CCR staff
invited everyone in the room to pause and refocus on the task at hand.As a
group， they reviewed the guidelines and actually added some that
addressed why the adults were feeling so defensive.
　　Then， something incredible happened： The grandmother and the
mom who were upset with each other earlier apologized to each
other.They each said they had no issue with each other after hearing the
other’s perspective.They hugged and agreed to communicate in a more
positive way.
　　After the students witnessed this， they asked to have some
space.They left the room together and as the adults watched from the
window， they hugged each other and apologized.Once they came back
into the room， the students made a plan for how to communicate in the
future using the example of their guardians.At the end of the mediation，
a student said， “It was easier to apologize when I saw it done.”
　　The power of role models is far beyond what we know.By modeling
how to be angry effectively， we can change how our youth respond when
they are angry too.
語篇解讀：本文是一篇夾敘夾議文。成年人應該以身作則，通過自
己的行動向年輕人示范正確的沖突解決方式。
本文是一篇夾敘夾議文。成年人應該以身作則，通過自
己的行動向年輕人示范正確的沖突解決方式。
12. What is needed to deal with conflicts in schools according to the
author？（　　）
A. More coordinators.
B. Broader conversations.
C. A simpler mediation process.
D. More communication with the students involved.
解析：　細節理解題。根據第一段中的the root of the conflict we
are trying to address is much deeper and needs to include more people
in the conversations 可知，學校在調解過程中發現沖突通常不僅僅
涉及學生本人，還可能涉及其他家庭成員。因此，需要拓展對話
范圍以深入解決沖突根源。
13. How did the grandmother and the mom feel at the beginning of the
mediation？（　　）
A. Surprised. B. Doubtful.
C. Regretful. D. Annoyed.
解析： 　推理判斷題。根據第二段中的During the beginning parts
of the mediation， some of the adults in the room started to become
heated and defensive ...a grandmother and one of the moms.可知，
在調解初期，房間里的一些成年人情緒激動，都在為自己的孩子
辯解。一場沖突在一位祖母和一位媽媽之間發生了。由此可推
知，那位祖母和那位媽媽當時都很生氣。
14. What did the students do after leaving the room？（　　）
A. They made a secret plan.
B. They said sorry to each other.
C. They cleared a space for play.
D. They communicated with their guardians.
解析： 　細節理解題。根據倒數第二段中的They left the room
together and as the adults watched from the window， they hugged
each other and apologized.可知，孩子們走出房間后，模仿著大人
們的樣子，相擁在一起并向彼此道歉。
15. What would be the best title for this text？（　　）
A. The Nature of Conflicts
B. The Power of Role Models
C. The Correct Ways to Apologize
D. The Challenges of Family Relationships
解析： 　標題歸納題。根據最后一段并結合文中的案例可知，
本文意在傳達：成年人的言行舉止會對青少年產生重要的影響。
成年人應該以身作則，通過示范告訴年輕人如何正確解決沖突，
從而在潛移默化中改變他們的行為方式。因此B項為本文的最佳
標題。
Ⅱ.閱讀七選五
　　Ever wonder who came up with the idea of a metal staircase on high-
rises to escape fires？ What about the hybrid （雜交成的） fruit known as
tangelo （橘柚） — what’s that all about？ And the LEGO blocks that
have fascinated children for decades — where did they come from？ 16.
（　　）
　　Anna Connelly
　　In an effort to prevent the deaths of many living in multistory
buildings in case of fire， Connelly designed a steel staircase that could be
attached to the outside of a building.17.（　　） Fire escapes changed
the way buildings were constructed in the early 1900s as cities increasingly
included the escapes in their building codes.
　　Gregor Mendel
　　Mendel was a 19th-century botanist who discovered the key to plant
heredity （遺傳過程）.His experiments with pea plants established the
basic rules needed to create a hybrid.18.（　　） Tangelos （tangerine
and pomelo or grapefruit） is a delicious example of a hybrid.
　　Margaret Knight
　　19. （　　） Yet she became one of the most productive problem
solvers in the US Reportedly， teenager Knight created a device that
would stop machines if objects were caught in them.Years later， she
invented the first machine to make flat-bottomed bags — the kind we still
use today.During her lifetime， Knight earned dozens of patents in
different fields.
　　Ole Kirk Christiansen
　　Christiansen， a Danish carpenter （木匠）， owned a small
woodworking shop that made and sold wooden furniture items — and
toys.20.（　　） So Christiansen decided to make more.He renamed the
company LEGO after the Danish words leg and godt， meaning “play
well”.The LEGO company is still run by the Christiansen family.
A. People could climb down， and firefighters could go up.
B. She went on to promote the education of women in science.
C. His small painted wood bricks were his most popular products.
D. Here are some people whose inventions have changed our history.
E. This female inventor had little schooling and never traveled far from
home.
F. The cross between two or more parent plants creates a new variety with
desired features.
G. Her intelligent views on community planning changed the way
Americans thought about cities.
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了幾位改變人類歷史的發
明家。
本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了幾位改變人類歷史的發
明家。
16. D　上文通過三個排比問句引出話題，引導讀者對幾項生活中常
見事物的發明者產生好奇；下面幾段分別介紹了幾位改變人類歷史的
發明家，故D項符合語境。
17. A　設空處前一句指出：為了防止多層建筑中的居民在火災中喪
生，Anna Connelly設計了一種可以與建筑物外部相連的鋼樓梯。設空
處后一句介紹了這種防火梯為城市建筑帶來的影響。A項符合語境。
A項中的climb down和go up與設空處前一句中的staircase相呼應，
firefighters與上下文中的fire相呼應。
18. F　上文介紹了Gregor Mendel發現了植物遺傳的關鍵。他的豌豆
實驗確定了實現品種雜交所需的基本規則。下文指出美味的橘柚便是
一個雜交品種。F項符合語境。F項中的plants與上文中的plant以及
plants構成原詞復現。
19. E　設空處后一句指出：然而，她成為美國最多產的問題解決者之
一。下文接著介紹了這位女發明家的幾項發明。E項符合語境，與設
空處后一句構成轉折關系。
20. C　設空處前一句說明了Ole Kirk Christiansen這位丹麥木匠曾經營
一家小型木工店，制作和銷售木制家具和玩具。設空處后一句指出：
因此，Christiansen決定制作更多。C項符合語境，與設空處后一句構
成因果關系。
Ⅲ.應用文寫作
　　以史為鑒知興替，以史正人明得失。你班下周英語課將圍繞“學
習歷史的重要性”這一話題展開討論。請你準備一份發言稿，發表你
的觀點。
注意：寫作詞數應為80左右。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　History isn’t about merely memorizing dates， names， and
places.It is a mirror through which we can understand the rise and fall of
civilizations and learn from the gains and losses of historical figures.
　　Studying history helps us navigate through the complexities of the
present by examining how the past has shaped our culture， society， and
the world at large.Moreover， history is packed with incredible， real-life
stories.The lessons we learn from these stories can guide our personal
growth.
　　In essence， history empowers us to craft a brighter future through the
wisdom it passes on.
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