資源簡介

Section Ⅱ　Grammar and usage
維度一：基礎題型練
用適當的連接詞填空。
1.It doesn’t look 　　　　　　it’s going to rain tomorrow.
2.Chongqing is 　　　　　　my grandpa and grandma were born and brought up.
3.The question is 　　　　　　the food and clothes can be delivered to them in time or not.
4.Obeying the traffic rules is 　　　　　　all of us should pay attention to particularly.
5.The most exciting moment was 　　　　　　I was given the first prize.
維度二：語法與寫作
用表語從句完成下列句子。
1.The reality is 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　because of the storm.
現實情況是，由于暴風雨，聚會必須取消。
2.I have a good command of spoken English and that’s 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
我精通英語口語，那就是我能夠與游客流暢交流的原因。
3.This is 　　　　　　　　　　　　.
這是我曾經住過的地方。
4.What I want to know is 　　　　　　　.
我想知道的是我們應走哪條路。
維度三：語法與語篇
閱讀下面對話，用適當的連接詞填空。
—Tom， why do you look so upset？
—It is 1.　　　　　　 I can’t watch the football match tomorrow. The match is 2.　　　　　　 I have been looking forward to for a long time.
—Is there anything wrong？
—Yes. The problem is 3.　　　　　　 my parents want me to have my piano class tomorrow.
—It sounds as 4.　　　　　　 you don’t like it.
—No， I don’t like it at all. That is 5.　　　　　　 I don’t want to go there tomorrow.
Ⅰ.閱讀理解
A
　　Fossilized （化石的） footprints found on a beach in southern Spain reveal what may have been a nursery for an extinct species of elephant.
　　The track-rich coastal site is typically covered by sand.Storm surges （風暴潮） in the spring of 2020 washed away much of that sand and exposed the preserved footprints of ancient elephants， cattle， deer， pigs， and so on.The sandy-clay sediments （沉積物） hosting this treasure of tracks were probably laid down about 106，000 years ago， previous studies suggest.
　　Among the newly uncovered tracks are the first-of-their-kind footprints of newborn straight-tusked elephants， an extinct species that probably died out during the last ice age.The teeny tracks — which measure 9.6 centimetres across， about the size of a drink coaster — suggest that the petite， possibly 2-month-old elephants stood about 66 centimetres tall at their shoulders and weighed around 70 kilogrammes， slightly heavier than a Newfoundland dog.Based on previous finds elsewhere of actual bones， adult straight-tusked elephants may have weighed 5.5 metric tons for females and 13 tons for males.
　　“The mix of elephant tracks at the site suggests that family groups including newborns， youngsters and adult females frequented the area and possibly used it as a nursery，” the researchers say.Other fossils found at the site， including those preserving traces of ancient roots， indicate that the area was rich in vegetation and lakes and ponds.
　　“The team’s findings are a thrilling study，” says Anthony Martin， a trace fossil expert at Emory University in Atlanta.“Series of footprints show how the ancient elephants were moving， offer insight into their social structure and even provide a sight of their reproductive ecology，” he says.“If newborns were part of the family group and if they were acting anything like modern elephants， the mother had to be nearby.”
　　“What’s more， the presence of preserved Neanderthal footprints at the site suggests that the ancient people hunted young elephants or other creatures，” Martin says.“The Neanderthals probably were not foolish enough to take on a full-sized elephant.”
1.What helped the discovery of elephants’ footprints in southern Spain？（　?。?br/>A.People’s farming.
B.The researchers’ efforts.
C.The bad weather.
D.Records about the place.
2.What does Paragraph 3 mainly tell us？（　　）
A.The extinction of the elephants.
B.Inference about the elephants.
C.The course of the new discovery.
D.Weight of straight-tusked elephants.
3.What can we know about the mix of elephant tracks？（　?。?br/>A.The site was suitable for animals’ living.
B.Volcanic eruption must have happened in the site.
C.These tracks indicated the danger of the site.
D.Elephants’ enemies must have lived in the site.
4.What can the preserved Neanderthal footprints show to us？（　　）
A.The slow growth of the elephants.
B.The movements of the elephants here.
C.The development of elephant species.
D.The living style of the local people.
B
　　Many ancient populations used inscriptions （銘文） to document different parts of their lives.But the objects containing such inscriptions have been damaged over the centuries.
　　The researchers， led by Alphabet’s AI company DeepMind， developed a new AI-based method which serves as a technological tool to help researchers repair missing inscriptions and estimate the true origins of the records.They call their tool Ithaca.The system is the first deep neural （神經的） network that can restore the missing text of damaged inscriptions.The researchers said they trained Ithaca on the largest collection of data containing Greek inscriptions from the non-profit Packard Humanities Institute in California.Feeding this data into the system is designed to help the tool use past writings to predict missing letters and words in damaged inscriptions.
　　The researchers reported that in experiments with damaged writings， Ithaca was able to correctly predict missing inscription elements 62％ of the time.In addition， the tool was 71％ correct in identifying where the inscriptions first came from.And when historians work on their own， the success rate for restoring damaged inscriptions is about 25％.But when humans teamed up with Ithaca to assist in their work， the success rate jumped to 72％.
　　Then Sommerschield from Ca’Foscari University of Venice said the system had already provided new information to help researchers re-examine important periods in Greek history.In one case， Ithaca confirmed new evidence presented by historians about the dating of a series of important Greek decrees （法令）.The decrees were first thought to have been written before 446/445 BCE.But the new evidence suggested a date in the 420s BCE.Ithaca predicted a date of 421 BCE.The date change may seem small but it has significant implications for our understanding of the political history of Classical Athens.
　　The team is currently working on other versions of Ithaca trained on other ancient languages.DeepMind has launched a free， interactive tool based on the system for use by researchers， educators， museum workers and the public.
5.What is the function of Ithaca？（　　）
A.Restoring and identifying damaged inscriptions.
B.Interpreting and protecting historical documents.
C.Exploring and tracing the origins of Greek letters.
D.Collecting and translating past writings into English.
6.What do the numbers in Paragraph 3 mainly indicate？（　?。?br/>A.The inscriptions are of great value to human.
B.Ithaca helps researchers work more effectively.
C.The demand for reading ancient records is increasing.
D.The process of repairing damaged writings is complicated.
7.Why does the author mention the case in Paragraph 4？（　?。?br/>A.To show the limitations of Ithaca.
B.To support Sommerschield’s statement.
C.To explain the history of Greek decrees.
D.To prove the importance of dates to historians.
8.What is the passage mainly about？（　　）
A.The achievements of Greek historians.
B.The disappearance of ancient Greek culture.
C.A rising trend of studying ancient languages.
D.An AI system for repairing missing writings.
Ⅱ.閱讀七選五
　　As an art historian with a strong interest in different cultures of the world， I have been to some fascinating places， but never anywhere quite as dramatic and surprising as China， where I spent almost three months working on BBC Four’s art history documentary： Art of China.
　　I’d never been there before， so this was a real journey of discovery for me.9.（　?。?So much digging is taking place and the Chinese have made a huge number of astonishing archaeological discoveries.
　　I first visited Sanxingdui in Sichuan Province where surprisingly unusual and wonderful three-thousand-year-old relics （遺物） were uncovered by accident.10.（　?。?， but now it’s suddenly risen from the dead！
　　Next， in neighbouring Shaanxi Province I visited the famous Terracotta Warriors （兵馬俑）.They’re probably the most complicated objects ever made from bronze （青銅） to survive from the ancient world.
　　11.（　?。?Here I visited the impressive cave complex at Dunhuang， painted by generations of artists over a thousand years and more.
　　Finally， I travelled south to the Yellow Mountain， where you can stand above the cloud line and imagine that you’re actually standing inside the scene of some beautiful Chinese scroll painting.12.（　?。?To many painters， they symbolised the mighty order of nature， but also the social scales back then.To others， the mountain was a place of retreat （隱居）.
　　I started doing the “Art of ...” series more than 10 years ago.13.（　?。?， it’s been to showcase a wider range of art forms than what is typically shown on television and provide a more varied artistic experience for the audience.Where next？ Suggestions gratefully received ...
A.Speaking of the work of art that has touched me the most
B.If there’s a single driving purpose behind the project as a whole
C.I’ll never forget reaching the great deserts of the Silk Road afterwards
D.The civilisation that produced all these wonders had been almost forgotten
E.The art of China has always been full of surprises， especially in recent years
F.It seeks to explore art beyond the popular and widely celebrated art movements
G.The mountain inspired different generations of Chinese artists in different ways
Ⅲ.完形填空
　　Les Brown was a city sanitation worker （環衛工人）.But he had a 　14　 of being a disc jockey （電臺的音樂節目主持人）.He 　15　 an imaginary radio station in his tiny room.A hairbrush served as his microphone as he 　16　 his patter （說辭）， introducing records to his 　17　 listeners.
　　One day Les went to the local radio station， and told the station manager he wanted to be a disc jockey.
　　The manager asked，“Do you have any 　18　 in broadcasting？”
　　Les replied，“No， sir， I don’t.”
　　“Well， I’m afraid we don’t have a job for you.”Les thanked him politely and left.
　　The station manager 　19　 the depth of Les Brown’s commitment to his goal.Les had a higher 　20　 than simply wanting to be a disc jockey.He wanted to buy a nicer house for his mother.The disc jockey job was only a（n） 　21　 toward his goal.He felt sure that he would get a job at that radio station despite what the manager had 　22　.
　　From then on， Les 　23　 every day for a week.Finally the manager 　24　 and took him on as an errand boy （跑腿男孩）.Les did whatever was asked of him but he learned 　25　 how to work the controls in the studio.
　　One day， a jockey named Rock suddenly didn’t feel well.Les was the only other person at the station.Because of his 　26　， Les was ready.He 　27　 the audience and his manager.From that decisive 　28　， Les went on to a successful career in broadcasting， public speaking and television.
14.（?。〢.role　　　　　　B.reputation
C.chance D.dream
15.（?。〢.refused B.created
C.discovered D.shared
16.（?。〢.practiced B.translated
C.taught D.simplified
17.（?。〢.curious B.previous
C.imaginary D.fashionable
18.（　）A.interest B.memory
C.doubt D.background
19.（　）A.measured B.forgot
C.underestimated D.mistook
20.（?。〢.education B.purpose
C.praise D.income
21.（?。〢.step B.excuse
C.risk D.test
22.（?。〢.found B.dropped
C.said D.achieved
23.（?。〢.adjusted B.returned
C.spread D.relaxed
24.（?。〢.stayed up B.set off
C.showed off D.gave in
25.（?。〢.poorly B.secretly
C.safely D.normally
26.（　）A.preparation B.explanation
C.contribution D.appreciation
27.（　）A.ignored B.comforted
C.recalled D.surprised
28.（　）A.adaptation B.introduction
C.beginning D.requirement
Ⅳ.語法填空
　　As a world-famous ancient city， Xi’an has been known as the capital of 13 ancient Chinese dynasties， during which the city was 29.　　　　 booming large urban centre.However， after the decline of the Tang Dynasty， the city’s political and cultural significance 30.　　　　　　 （gradual） weakened.
　　It was not until 1974， following the chance discovery of the Terracotta Warriors by well-digging farmers， 31.　　　　　　 Xi’an was once again put back onto the international map.Three decades later， the city has become a major industrial base and a popular tourist destination.Historical sites are being restored 32.　　　　　 （help） Chinese tourists rediscover their national heritage.One of those ancient sites is the Dayan Pagoda， which 33.　　　　　　　 （build） in 652 by Xuanzang， who travelled across India for over a decade and returned with a precious 34.　　　　　 （collect） of Buddhist （佛教的） texts.
At the heart of Xi’an， the Xi’an City Wall， one of the largest ancient military defence systems in the world， surrounds 35.　　　　　　 （it） harmoniously with the modern city.Started during the Tang Dynasty and later 36.　　　　　　 （expand） in the Ming Dynasty， the stone wall extends more than 13.7 kilometres.Constant restoration work keeps it 37.　　　　　　 good shape.You can climb up the high stone steps and walk or cycle along the wall， 38.　　　　　　 （enjoy） wide-ranging views of the both ancient and modern city.
Section Ⅱ　Grammar and usage
基礎知識自測
維度一
1.as if　2.where　3.whether　4.what　5.when
維度二
1.that the party must be cancelled　2.why I can communicate with visitors smoothly　3.where I once lived
4.which road we should take
維度三
1.because　2.what　3.that　4.if/though　5.why
素養能力提升
Ⅰ.
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。在西班牙南部海灘上發現了大量大象的化石腳印，研究人員由此推測那里也許曾是大象的主要活動場所，并且曾經可能森林茂密，有許多獵人在那里打獵。
1.C　細節理解題。根據第二段第二句可知，風暴潮這種惡劣的天氣沖走了西班牙南部海灘上的大量沙子，使大象的腳印暴露出來。
2.B　段落大意題。根據第三段中的an extinct species that probably died out during the last ice age和adult straight-tusked elephants may have weighed 5.5 metric tons可知，本段主要介紹了關于大象的一些推論。
3.A　推理判斷題。根據第四段第一句可推知，混雜的大象足跡表明曾經大象們經常到這個地方，即這個地方適合動物居住。
4.D　細節理解題。根據最后一段第一句可知，保存下來的尼安德特人腳印可以向我們展示當地人的生活方式。
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了一種AI系統，它可以幫助研究人員修復和識別受損銘文。
5.A　細節理解題。根據第二段首尾兩句可知，Ithaca的主要作用是修復和識別受損的銘文。
6.B　推理判斷題。根據第三段最后兩句可知，歷史學家使用Ithaca協助工作后，復原受損銘文的準確率從25％提高到了72％。由此可知，Ithaca能幫助研究人員更高效地工作。
7.B　推理判斷題。根據第四段內容可知，該段第一句提到Sommerschield說該系統能提供新的信息來幫助研究人員重新審視希臘歷史上的重要時期，接著就給出了具體的事例，是為了佐證這一觀點。
8.D　主旨大意題。通讀全文尤其是第二段可知，本文主要介紹了一種可以幫助研究人員修復和識別受損銘文的AI系統——Ithaca。
Ⅱ.
語篇解讀：本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述了一位藝術史學家的中國探索之旅。
9.E　設空處前一句介紹了作者之前從未來過中國，所以這次旅行對他來說是一次真正的發現之旅。設空處后一句則說明了中國正在開展大量的挖掘工作，收獲了許多令人驚嘆的考古發現，且下文緊接著以近期的三星堆考古發現為例進行解釋說明。E項符合語境。
10.D　設空處前一句講述了作者首先來到了位于四川省的三星堆遺址，這里出土了很多令人稱奇的三千年遺物。D項緊承上文，符合語境，且與設空處后的內容構成轉折關系。D項中的The civilisation指代三星堆文明， all these wonders指代上文中的surprisingly unusual and wonderful three-thousand-year-old relics。
11.C　下文講述了作者在這里參觀了敦煌的石窟建筑群。C項符合語境。C項中的the great deserts of the Silk Road與下文中的Dunhuang相呼應，C項中的afterwards說明了事件發生的先后順序，符合上下文的敘事邏輯。
12.G　上文指出作者的最后一站是黃山，站在山頂的云霧之中，他仿佛置身于美麗的中國卷軸畫的場景中。下文則說明了不同畫家筆下的黃山有著不同的象征意義，G項符合語境。G項中的The mountain與設空處前一句中的the Yellow Mountain所指相同，G項中的Chinese artists與下文中的many painters和others相呼應。
13.B　設空處前一句講述了作者十多年前便開始創作這個紀錄片系列。設空處后的內容指出：展示更為廣泛的藝術形式，為觀眾提供更加多樣化的藝術體驗。B項符合語境，對設空處后的內容作出概括總結，即這個項目背后的目標。
Ⅲ.
語篇解讀：本文是一篇記敘文。機會是留給有準備的人的。Les通過他的堅持和努力，最終實現了他的夢想。
14.D　根據下文and told the station manager he wanted to be a disc jockey可知，Les夢想著成為一名電臺音樂節目主持人。
15.B　根據an imaginary radio station in his tiny room可知，Les在他狹小的房間里創造了一個想象中的廣播電臺。
16.A　根據語境可知，一個發刷就成了他的麥克風，他練習著自己的說辭，向他虛構的聽眾介紹唱片。
17.C　參見上題解析。
18.D　根據下文I’m afraid we don’t have a job for you可知，Les沒有任何播音方面的背景。
19.C　根據下文He wanted to buy a nicer house for his mother.可知，電臺經理低估了Les對自己目標的執著程度。Les有著比單純想成為一名電臺音樂節目主持人更高的目標。他想為母親買一所更好的房子，成為電臺音樂節目主持人僅是實現他目標的其中一步。
20.B　參見上題解析。
21.A　參見第19題解析。
22.C　根據上文Well， I’m afraid we don’t have a job for you.可知，盡管經理說電臺里沒有Les能干的工作，Les還是對自己能在那家電臺找到工作充滿了信心。
23.B　根據下文took him on as an errand boy可知，Les連續一周每天都去電臺，電臺經理最終屈服了，給Les安排了一個跑腿的活兒。
24.D　參見上題解析。
25.B　根據上文took him on as an errand boy （跑腿男孩）.Les did whatever was asked of him but可知，Les偷偷學會了操作演播室的控制臺。
26.A　根據上文he learned 　25　 how to work the controls in the studio和下文Les was ready可知，因為準備充分，Les表現出色，驚艷了聽眾和經理。
27.D　參見上題解析。
28.C　根據語境可知，從那個決定性的開始，Les在廣播、公共演講和電視領域都取得了成功。
Ⅳ.
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了西安古城的興衰歷史。
29.a　考查冠詞。設空處表泛指，且booming的發音以輔音音素開頭，故填a。
30.gradually　考查副詞。設空處作狀語，修飾weakened，應用副詞，故填gradually。
31.that　考查固定句式。It is/was not until ...that ...是強調句，意為“直到……才……”，故填that。
32.to help　考查非謂語動詞。設空處在句中作目的狀語，應用動詞不定式，故填to help。
33.was built　考查動詞的時態、語態和主謂一致。根據in 652可知，設空處描述的是發生在過去的事情，應用一般過去時，又因從句主語which （指代the Dayan Pagoda）與build之間為被動關系，應用被動語態，故填was built。
34.collection　考查名詞。設空處前有冠詞a和形容詞precious修飾，設空處后為介詞of， 應用名詞形式，故填collection。
35.itself　考查代詞。設空處作動詞surrounds的賓語，且設空處和主語the Xi’an City Wall所指相同，故填itself。
36.expanded　考查非謂語動詞。設空處在句中作狀語，說明主語the stone wall的情況，又因為the stone wall 與expand之間是邏輯上的動賓關系，故填expanded。
37.in　考查固定搭配。keep ...in good shape是固定搭配，意為“使……保持良好的狀態”。故填in。
38.enjoying　考查非謂語動詞。設空處與wide-ranging views of the both ancient and modern city一起作狀語，且You與enjoy之間是邏輯上的主謂關系，故填enjoying。
6 / 6Section Ⅱ　Grammar and usage
表語從句
閱讀下列句子并思考加黑部分的用法。
1.His father’s dream was that one day he could write a great masterpiece recording what had happened in history.
2.His chief concern was whether he could do his job more effectively and efficiently.
3.Learning and travelling were exactly what helped him in his later career as a historian.
4.I got six books from the library.The question is which one I should read first！
【我的發現】
　句1－4中的加黑部分均為表語從句。
（1）當從句不缺成分且意義完整時，我們可以用　　　　　　引導表語從句，如句　　??；
（2）當從句不缺成分但語義不明確時，我們可以用　　　　　　　　引導表語從句，如句　　??；
（3）當從句缺少成分且意義不完整時，我們可以用　　　　　　　　等引導表語從句，如句　　　　。
一、表語從句的定義
　在主從復合句中用作表語的從句叫作表語從句。它常位于連系動詞之后，用來說明主語是什么或怎么樣?；窘Y構是“主語＋連系動詞＋引導詞＋簡單句”?？山颖碚Z從句的連系動詞有：
二、表語從句引導詞的用法
類別 引導詞 說明
從屬連詞 that、whether 兩者在從句中均不作成分，只起連接作用；that無實義，whether意為“是否”
連接代詞 what、which、 who、whoever、 whatever、whom whichever等 在從句中作主語、賓語、表語、定語等成分
連接副詞 when、where、 why、how等 在從句中作時間、地點、原因、方式狀語等成分
【點津】　（1）that引導表語從句時不能省略；
（2）if不能引導表語從句；
（3）除that外的所有引導詞都有自己的意義；
（4）除that、 whether外的所有引導詞都須在從句中充當相應的成分；
（5）表語從句中，從句用陳述句語序；
（6）what 在表語從句中充當主語、賓語或表語，表示“什么；什么樣子；或所……的人或事”；
（7）because引導表語從句常用句型是this/that/it is/was because ...；主句主語為reason時，一般不用because引導的表語從句，常使用the reason why ...is/was that ...；
（8）as if/though引導的表語從句表示的情況如果是事實，就用陳述語氣；如果與事實不符，就用虛擬語氣（從句表示與現在事實相反，謂語動詞用一般過去式；從句表示與過去事實相反，謂語動詞用had＋過去分詞；從句表示將來的可能性不大，用would/might/could＋動詞原形）。
The fact was that he didn’t really work hard.
事實是他沒有真正地努力工作。
The question remains whether they will be able to help us.
問題還是他們能否幫我們。
The actual question is who should be responsible for the accident.
真正的問題是誰應該為這次事故負責。
He is no longer what he was ten years ago.
他已經不再是十年前的他了。
That’s where you are wrong.
那就是你不對的地方。
The problem is how we can get the raw material.
問題是我們怎樣才能得到原材料。
I felt as if my heart had stopped.
我覺得好像我的心都不跳了。
I didn’t phone her， and that’s because I got angry with her.
我沒有給她打電話，那是因為我生她的氣了。
The reason why Tom came late for the meeting was that he was ill.
湯姆開會遲到的原因是他病了。
【即時演練1】　單句語法填空
　①The most important thing is 　　　　　we finish the final task.
②The question is 　　　　　　we can finish it in such a short time.
③The reason why he was late was 　　　　　he got up late.
④Go and get your coat. It’s 　　　　　　you left it.
⑤What concerns me most is 　　　　　　will be my English teacher next term.
⑥I stayed up too late last night.That’s 　　　　　　I was late for school this morning.
⑦What made me confused was 　　　　　he did it without any help.
⑧The trouble is 　　　　　　most of the students think their uniforms are ugly.
⑨A ship in harbor is safe， but that’s not 　　　　　　ships are built for.
⑩The question is 　　　　　　the film is worth seeing.
三、表語從句中的虛擬語氣
在表語從句中，表示間接的命令、要求、請求、建議、決定等，主句中的主語通常是advice、 suggestion、 proposal、 request、 order等時，從句謂語動詞用“（should＋）動詞原形”，should可以省略。
My suggestion is that we （should） start early tomorrow.
我的建議是我們明天一早就出發。
My request is that you （should） go to apologize to him.
我的要求是你應該去向他道歉。
The students’ request is that the school library （should） provide more books on popular science.
學生們的請求是學校的圖書館應該提供更多關于大眾科學的書。
【即時演練2】　單句語法填空
①My advice is that you 　　　　　　　?。╰hink） it over before you make a decision.
②My suggestion is that we all 　　　　　　　　（take） an active part in the coming sports meet.
③His proposal was that the work 　　　　　　　　　?。╢inish） in five hours.
sort out理順，整理；把……安排好
【教材原句】　However， his work proved difficult， because sorting out all the available resources and checking facts of historical materials required painstaking efforts.但是，他的工作其實很艱難，因為整理所有可利用的資源并核查史料的事實需要付出艱辛的努力。
【用法】
（1）sort n.　　　　種類；類別；品種 vt.& vi. 把……分類；整理；安排妥當 （2）a sort of ... 一種…… all sorts of 各種各樣的 sort of 有幾分 of this/that sort＝this/that sort of 這種/那種
【佳句】　Let’s try to sort out the mess.
我們來收拾一下殘局吧。
I need to sort out the mess on my desk.
我需要把我書桌上亂糟糟的東西整理一下。
【練透】　單句語法填空
①Let’s collect some more articles 　　　　　this sort.
②She sort 　　　　　　pretends that she doesn’t really care.
③My mother suffered all 　　　　　?。╯ort） of hardships throughout her life.
【寫美】　翻譯句子
④請整理一下我們所知道的情況。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
Section Ⅱ　Grammar and usage
【重難語法·要攻克】
我的發現
（1）that　1　（2）whether　2　（3）what、 which　3、4
即時演練1
①that　②whether?、踭hat　④where　⑤who?、辸hy?、遠ow　⑧that　⑨what　⑩whether
即時演練2
①（should） think?、冢╯hould） take
③（should） be finished
【核心知識·巧突破】
　①of　②of　③sorts
④Please sort out what we have known.
4 / 4(共74張PPT)
Section Ⅱ　Grammar and usage
1
重難語法·要攻克
目 錄
3
課時檢測·提能力
2
核心知識·巧突破
重難語法·要攻克
掌握核心語法
1
表語從句
閱讀下列句子并思考加藍部分的用法。
1. His father’s dream was that one day he could write a great
masterpiece recording what had happened in history.
2. His chief concern was whether he could do his job more effectively
and efficiently.
3. Learning and travelling were exactly what helped him in his later
career as a historian.
4. I got six books from the library.The question is which one I should
read first！
【我的發現】
　句1－4中的加藍部分均為表語從句。
（1）當從句不缺成分且意義完整時，我們可以用 引導表語
從句，如句 ；
（2）當從句不缺成分但語義不明確時，我們可以用 引
導表語從句，如句 ；
（3）當從句缺少成分且意義不完整時，我們可以用
等引導表語從句，如句 。
that　
1　
whether　
2　
what、
which　
3、4　
一、表語從句的定義
　在主從復合句中用作表語的從句叫作表語從句。它常位于連系動詞
之后，用來說明主語是什么或怎么樣?；窘Y構是“主語＋連系動詞
＋引導詞＋簡單句”?？山颖碚Z從句的連系動詞有：
二、表語從句引導詞的用法
類別 引導詞 說明
從屬
連詞 that、
whether 兩者在從句中均不作成分，只起連接作用；that無實義，whether意為“是否”
連接
代詞 what、which、 who、whoever、whatever、whom
whichever等 在從句中作主語、賓語、表語、定語等成分
連接
副詞 when、where、 why、how等 在從句中作時間、地點、原因、方式狀語等成分
【點津】?。?）that引導表語從句時不能省略；
（2）if不能引導表語從句；
（3）除that外的所有引導詞都有自己的意義；
（4）除that、 whether外的所有引導詞都須在從句中充當相應的成
分；
（5）表語從句中，從句用陳述句語序；
（6）what 在表語從句中充當主語、賓語或表語，表示“什么；什么
樣子；或所……的人或事”；
（7）because引導表語從句常用句型是this/that/it is/was because ...；
主句主語為reason時，一般不用because引導的表語從句，常使用
the reason why ...is/was that ...；
（8）as if/though引導的表語從句表示的情況如果是事實，就用陳述語
氣；如果與事實不符，就用虛擬語氣（從句表示與現在事實相
反，謂語動詞用一般過去式；從句表示與過去事實相反，謂語
動詞用had＋過去分詞；從句表示將來的可能性不大，用
would/might/could＋動詞原形）。
The fact was that he didn’t really work hard.
事實是他沒有真正地努力工作。
The question remains whether they will be able to help us.
問題還是他們能否幫我們。
The actual question is who should be responsible for the accident.
真正的問題是誰應該為這次事故負責。
He is no longer what he was ten years ago.
他已經不再是十年前的他了。
That’s where you are wrong.
那就是你不對的地方。
The problem is how we can get the raw material.
問題是我們怎樣才能得到原材料。
I felt as if my heart had stopped.
我覺得好像我的心都不跳了。
I didn’t phone her， and that’s because I got angry with her.
我沒有給她打電話，那是因為我生她的氣了。
The reason why Tom came late for the meeting was that he was ill.
湯姆開會遲到的原因是他病了。
【即時演練1】　單句語法填空
①The most important thing is we finish the final task.
②The question is we can finish it in such a short time.
③The reason why he was late was he got up late.
④Go and get your coat. It’s you left it.
⑤What concerns me most is will be my English teacher next
term.
⑥I stayed up too late last night.That’s I was late for school this
morning.
⑦What made me confused was he did it without any help.
that　
whether　
that　
where　
who　
why　
how　
⑧The trouble is most of the students think their uniforms are
ugly.
⑨A ship in harbor is safe， but that’s not ships are built for.
⑩The question is the film is worth seeing.
that　
what　
whether　
三、表語從句中的虛擬語氣
在表語從句中，表示間接的命令、要求、請求、建議、決定等，主句
中的主語通常是advice、 suggestion、 proposal、 request、 order等時，
從句謂語動詞用“（should＋）動詞原形”，should可以省略。
My suggestion is that we （should） start early tomorrow.
我的建議是我們明天一早就出發。
My request is that you （should） go to apologize to him.
我的要求是你應該去向他道歉。
The students’ request is that the school library （should） provide
more books on popular science.
學生們的請求是學校的圖書館應該提供更多關于大眾科學的書。
【即時演練2】　單句語法填空
①My advice is that you （think） it over before
you make a decision.
②My suggestion is that we all （take） an active
part in the coming sports meet.
③His proposal was that the work （finish）
in five hours.
（should） think　
（should） take　
（should） be finished　
核心知識·巧突破
探究課堂重點
2
sort out理順，整理；把……安排好
【教材原句】　However， his work proved difficult， because sorting
out all the available resources and checking facts of historical materials
required painstaking efforts.
但是，他的工作其實很艱難，因為整理所有可利用的資源并核查史料
的事實需要付出艱辛的努力。
【用法】
（1）sort n.　　　　種類；類別；品種
vt.& vi. 把……分類；整理；安排妥當
（2）a sort of ... 一種……
all sorts of 各種各樣的
sort of 有幾分
of this/that sort＝this/that sort of 這種/那種
【佳句】　Let’s try to sort out the mess.
我們來收拾一下殘局吧。
I need to sort out the mess on my desk.
我需要把我書桌上亂糟糟的東西整理一下。
【練透】　單句語法填空
①Let’s collect some more articles this sort.
②She sort pretends that she doesn’t really care.
③My mother suffered all （sort） of hardships throughout her
life.
【寫美】　翻譯句子
④請整理一下我們所知道的情況。

of　
of　
sorts　
Please sort out what we have known.　
課時檢測·提能力
培育學科素養
3
維度一：基礎題型練
用適當的連接詞填空。
1. It doesn’t look it’s going to rain tomorrow.
2. Chongqing is my grandpa and grandma were born and
brought up.
3. The question is the food and clothes can be delivered to
them in time or not.
as if　
where　
whether　
4. Obeying the traffic rules is all of us should pay attention to
particularly.
5. The most exciting moment was I was given the first prize.
what　
when　
維度二：語法與寫作
用表語從句完成下列句子。
1. The reality is because of the
storm.
現實情況是，由于暴風雨，聚會必須取消。
2. I have a good command of spoken English and that’s
.
我精通英語口語，那就是我能夠與游客流暢交流的原因。
3. This is .
這是我曾經住過的地方。
4. What I want to know is .
我想知道的是我們應走哪條路。
that the party must be cancelled　
why I can
communicate with visitors smoothly　
where I once lived　
which road we should take　
維度三：語法與語篇
閱讀下面對話，用適當的連接詞填空。
—Tom， why do you look so upset？
—It is 1. I can’t watch the football match tomorrow. The
match is 2. I have been looking forward to for a long time.
—Is there anything wrong？
—Yes. The problem is 3. my parents want me to have my piano
class tomorrow.
—It sounds as 4. you don’t like it.
—No， I don’t like it at all. That is 5. I don’t want to go
there tomorrow.
because　
what　
that　
if/though　
why　
Ⅰ.閱讀理解
A
　　Fossilized （化石的） footprints found on a beach in southern Spain
reveal what may have been a nursery for an extinct species of elephant.
　　The track-rich coastal site is typically covered by sand.Storm surges
（風暴潮） in the spring of 2020 washed away much of that sand and
exposed the preserved footprints of ancient elephants， cattle， deer，
pigs， and so on.The sandy-clay sediments （沉積物） hosting this
treasure of tracks were probably laid down about 106，000 years ago，
previous studies suggest.
　　Among the newly uncovered tracks are the first-of-their-kind
footprints of newborn straight-tusked elephants， an extinct species that
probably died out during the last ice age.The teeny tracks — which
measure 9.6 centimetres across， about the size of a drink coaster —
suggest that the petite， possibly 2-month-old elephants stood about 66
centimetres tall at their shoulders and weighed around 70 kilogrammes，
slightly heavier than a Newfoundland dog.Based on previous finds
elsewhere of actual bones， adult straight-tusked elephants may have
weighed 5.5 metric tons for females and 13 tons for males.
　　“The mix of elephant tracks at the site suggests that family groups
including newborns， youngsters and adult females frequented the area
and possibly used it as a nursery，” the researchers say.Other fossils
found at the site， including those preserving traces of ancient roots，
indicate that the area was rich in vegetation and lakes and ponds.
　　“The team’s findings are a thrilling study，” says Anthony
Martin， a trace fossil expert at Emory University in Atlanta.“Series of
footprints show how the ancient elephants were moving， offer insight into
their social structure and even provide a sight of their reproductive
ecology，” he says.“If newborns were part of the family group and if
they were acting anything like modern elephants， the mother had to be
nearby.”
　　“What’s more， the presence of preserved Neanderthal footprints
at the site suggests that the ancient people hunted young elephants or other
creatures，” Martin says.“The Neanderthals probably were not foolish
enough to take on a full-sized elephant.”
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。在西班牙南部海灘上發現了大量大
象的化石腳印，研究人員由此推測那里也許曾是大象的主要活動場
所，并且曾經可能森林茂密，有許多獵人在那里打獵。
本文是一篇說明文。在西班牙南部海灘上發現了大量大
象的化石腳印，研究人員由此推測那里也許曾是大象的主要活動場
所，并且曾經可能森林茂密，有許多獵人在那里打獵。
1. What helped the discovery of elephants’ footprints in southern
Spain？（　?。?br/>A. People’s farming.
B. The researchers’ efforts.
C. The bad weather.
D. Records about the place.
解析：　細節理解題。根據第二段第二句可知，風暴潮這種惡
劣的天氣沖走了西班牙南部海灘上的大量沙子，使大象的腳印
暴露出來。
2. What does Paragraph 3 mainly tell us？（　?。?br/>A. The extinction of the elephants.
B. Inference about the elephants.
C. The course of the new discovery.
D. Weight of straight-tusked elephants.
解析：　段落大意題。根據第三段中的an extinct species that
probably died out during the last ice age和adult straight-tusked
elephants may have weighed 5.5 metric tons可知，本段主要介紹了關
于大象的一些推論。
3. What can we know about the mix of elephant tracks？（　?。?br/>A. The site was suitable for animals’ living.
B. Volcanic eruption must have happened in the site.
C. These tracks indicated the danger of the site.
D. Elephants’ enemies must have lived in the site.
解析：　推理判斷題。根據第四段第一句可推知，混雜的大象足
跡表明曾經大象們經常到這個地方，即這個地方適合動物居住。
4. What can the preserved Neanderthal footprints show to us？（　　）
A. The slow growth of the elephants.
B. The movements of the elephants here.
C. The development of elephant species.
D. The living style of the local people.
解析：　細節理解題。根據最后一段第一句可知，保存下來的尼
安德特人腳印可以向我們展示當地人的生活方式。
B
　　Many ancient populations used inscriptions （銘文） to document
different parts of their lives.But the objects containing such inscriptions
have been damaged over the centuries.
　　The researchers， led by Alphabet’s AI company DeepMind，
developed a new AI-based method which serves as a technological tool to
help researchers repair missing inscriptions and estimate the true origins of
the records.They call their tool Ithaca.The system is the first deep neural
（神經的） network that can restore the missing text of damaged
inscriptions.The researchers said they trained Ithaca on the largest
collection of data containing Greek inscriptions from the non-profit
Packard Humanities Institute in California.Feeding this data into the
system is designed to help the tool use past writings to predict missing
letters and words in damaged inscriptions.
　　The researchers reported that in experiments with damaged writings，
Ithaca was able to correctly predict missing inscription elements 62％ of
the time.In addition， the tool was 71％ correct in identifying where the
inscriptions first came from.And when historians work on their own， the
success rate for restoring damaged inscriptions is about 25％.But when
humans teamed up with Ithaca to assist in their work， the success rate
jumped to 72％.
　　Then Sommerschield from Ca’Foscari University of Venice said the
system had already provided new information to help researchers re-
examine important periods in Greek history.In one case， Ithaca
confirmed new evidence presented by historians about the dating of a series
of important Greek decrees （法令）.The decrees were first thought to
have been written before 446/445 BCE. But the new evidence suggested a
date in the 420s BCE. Ithaca predicted a date of 421 BCE. The date
change may seem small but it has significant implications for our
understanding of the political history of Classical Athens.
　　The team is currently working on other versions of Ithaca trained on
other ancient languages.DeepMind has launched a free， interactive tool
based on the system for use by researchers， educators， museum workers
and the public.
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了一種AI系統，它可以幫
助研究人員修復和識別受損銘文。
本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了一種AI系統，它可以幫
助研究人員修復和識別受損銘文。
5. What is the function of Ithaca？（　?。?br/>A. Restoring and identifying damaged inscriptions.
B. Interpreting and protecting historical documents.
C. Exploring and tracing the origins of Greek letters.
D. Collecting and translating past writings into English.
解析：　細節理解題。根據第二段首尾兩句可知，Ithaca的主要
作用是修復和識別受損的銘文。
6. What do the numbers in Paragraph 3 mainly indicate？（　　）
A. The inscriptions are of great value to human.
B. Ithaca helps researchers work more effectively.
C. The demand for reading ancient records is increasing.
D. The process of repairing damaged writings is complicated.
解析：　推理判斷題。根據第三段最后兩句可知，歷史學家使用
Ithaca協助工作后，復原受損銘文的準確率從25％提高到了72％。
由此可知，Ithaca能幫助研究人員更高效地工作。
7. Why does the author mention the case in Paragraph 4？（　　）
A. To show the limitations of Ithaca.
B. To support Sommerschield’s statement.
C. To explain the history of Greek decrees.
D. To prove the importance of dates to historians.
解析：　推理判斷題。根據第四段內容可知，該段第一句提到
Sommerschield說該系統能提供新的信息來幫助研究人員重新審視
希臘歷史上的重要時期，接著就給出了具體的事例，是為了佐證這
一觀點。
8. What is the passage mainly about？（　　）
A. The achievements of Greek historians.
B. The disappearance of ancient Greek culture.
C. A rising trend of studying ancient languages.
D. An AI system for repairing missing writings.
解析：　主旨大意題。通讀全文尤其是第二段可知，本文主要介
紹了一種可以幫助研究人員修復和識別受損銘文的AI系統——
Ithaca。
Ⅱ.閱讀七選五
　　As an art historian with a strong interest in different cultures of the
world， I have been to some fascinating places， but never anywhere quite
as dramatic and surprising as China， where I spent almost three months
working on BBC Four’s art history documentary： Art of China.
　　I’d never been there before， so this was a real journey of discovery
for me.9.（　?。?So much digging is taking place and the Chinese have
made a huge number of astonishing archaeological discoveries.
　　I first visited Sanxingdui in Sichuan Province where surprisingly
unusual and wonderful three-thousand-year-old relics （遺物） were
uncovered by accident.10.（　?。?but now it’s suddenly risen from
the dead！
　　Next， in neighbouring Shaanxi Province I visited the famous
Terracotta Warriors （兵馬俑）.They’re probably the most complicated
objects ever made from bronze （青銅） to survive from the ancient
world.
　　11. （　?。?Here I visited the impressive cave complex at
Dunhuang， painted by generations of artists over a thousand years and
more.
　　Finally， I travelled south to the Yellow Mountain， where you can
stand above the cloud line and imagine that you’re actually standing
inside the scene of some beautiful Chinese scroll painting.12.
（　?。?To many painters， they symbolised the mighty order of
nature， but also the social scales back then.To others， the mountain was
a place of retreat （隱居）.
　　I started doing the “Art of ...” series more than 10 years ago.13.
（　?。?it’s been to showcase a wider range of art forms than what is
typically shown on television and provide a more varied artistic experience
for the audience.Where next？ Suggestions gratefully received ...
A. Speaking of the work of art that has touched me the most
B. If there’s a single driving purpose behind the project as a whole
C. I’ll never forget reaching the great deserts of the Silk Road afterwards
D. The civilisation that produced all these wonders had been almost
forgotten
E. The art of China has always been full of surprises， especially in recent
years
F. It seeks to explore art beyond the popular and widely celebrated art
movements
G. The mountain inspired different generations of Chinese artists in
different ways
語篇解讀：本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述了一位藝術史學家的中國
探索之旅。
本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述了一位藝術史學家的中國
探索之旅。
9. E　設空處前一句介紹了作者之前從未來過中國，所以這次旅行對
他來說是一次真正的發現之旅。設空處后一句則說明了中國正在開展
大量的挖掘工作，收獲了許多令人驚嘆的考古發現，且下文緊接著以
近期的三星堆考古發現為例進行解釋說明。E項符合語境。
10. D　設空處前一句講述了作者首先來到了位于四川省的三星堆遺
址，這里出土了很多令人稱奇的三千年遺物。D項緊承上文，符合語
境，且與設空處后的內容構成轉折關系。D項中的The civilisation指代
三星堆文明， all these wonders指代上文中的surprisingly unusual and
wonderful three-thousand-year-old relics。
11. C　下文講述了作者在這里參觀了敦煌的石窟建筑群。C項符合語
境。C項中的the great deserts of the Silk Road與下文中的Dunhuang相呼
應，C項中的afterwards說明了事件發生的先后順序，符合上下文的敘
事邏輯。
12. G　上文指出作者的最后一站是黃山，站在山頂的云霧之中，他
仿佛置身于美麗的中國卷軸畫的場景中。下文則說明了不同畫家筆下
的黃山有著不同的象征意義，G項符合語境。G項中的The mountain與
設空處前一句中的the Yellow Mountain所指相同，G項中的Chinese
artists與下文中的many painters和others相呼應。
13. B　設空處前一句講述了作者十多年前便開始創作這個紀錄片系
列。設空處后的內容指出：展示更為廣泛的藝術形式，為觀眾提供更
加多樣化的藝術體驗。B項符合語境，對設空處后的內容作出概括總
結，即這個項目背后的目標。
Ⅲ.完形填空
　　Les Brown was a city sanitation worker （環衛工人）.But he had
a 　14　 of being a disc jockey （電臺的音樂節目主持人）.He 　15　
an imaginary radio station in his tiny room.A hairbrush served as his
microphone as he 　16　 his patter （說辭）， introducing records to
his 　17　 listeners.
　　One day Les went to the local radio station， and told the station
manager he wanted to be a disc jockey.
　　The manager asked，“Do you have any 　18　 in broadcasting？”
　　Les replied，“No， sir， I don’t.”
　　“Well， I’m afraid we don’t have a job for you.”Les thanked
him politely and left.
　　The station manager 　19　 the depth of Les Brown’s commitment
to his goal.Les had a higher 　20　 than simply wanting to be a disc
jockey.He wanted to buy a nicer house for his mother.The disc jockey job
was only a（n） 　21　 toward his goal.He felt sure that he would get a
job at that radio station despite what the manager had 　22　.
　　From then on， Les 　23　 every day for a week.Finally the
manager 　24　 and took him on as an errand boy （跑腿男孩）.Les did
whatever was asked of him but he learned 　25　 how to work the controls
in the studio.
　　One day， a jockey named Rock suddenly didn’t feel well.Les was
the only other person at the station.Because of his 　26　， Les was
ready.He 　27　 the audience and his manager.From that
decisive 　28　， Les went on to a successful career in broadcasting，
public speaking and television.
語篇解讀：本文是一篇記敘文。機會是留給有準備的人的。Les通過
他的堅持和努力，最終實現了他的夢想。
本文是一篇記敘文。機會是留給有準備的人的。Les通過
他的堅持和努力，最終實現了他的夢想。
14. A. role B. reputation
C. chance D. dream
解析：　根據下文and told the station manager he wanted to be a
disc jockey可知，Les夢想著成為一名電臺音樂節目主持人。
15. A. refused B. created
C. discovered D. shared
解析：　根據an imaginary radio station in his tiny room可知，Les
在他狹小的房間里創造了一個想象中的廣播電臺。
16. A. practiced B. translated
C. taught D. simplified
解析：　根據語境可知，一個發刷就成了他的麥克風，他練習
著自己的說辭，向他虛構的聽眾介紹唱片。
17. A. curious B. previous
C. imaginary D. fashionable
解析：　參見上題解析。
18. A. interest B. memory
C. doubt D. background
解析：　根據下文I’m afraid we don’t have a job for you可知，
Les沒有任何播音方面的背景。
19. A. measured B. forgot
C. underestimated D. mistook
解析：　根據下文He wanted to buy a nicer house for his mother.
可知，電臺經理低估了Les對自己目標的執著程度。Les有著比單
純想成為一名電臺音樂節目主持人更高的目標。他想為母親買一
所更好的房子，成為電臺音樂節目主持人僅是實現他目標的其中
一步。
20. A. education B. purpose
C. praise D. income
解析：　參見上題解析。
21. A. step B. excuse C. risk D. test
解析：　參見第19題解析。
22. A. found B. dropped
C. said D. achieved
解析：　根據上文Well， I’m afraid we don’t have a job for
you.可知，盡管經理說電臺里沒有Les能干的工作，Les還是對自
己能在那家電臺找到工作充滿了信心。
23. A. adjusted B. returned
C. spread D. relaxed
解析：　根據下文took him on as an errand boy可知，Les連續一
周每天都去電臺，電臺經理最終屈服了，給Les安排了一個跑腿的
活兒。
24. A. stayed up B. set off
C. showed off D. gave in
解析：　參見上題解析。
25. A. poorly B. secretly
C. safely D. normally
解析：　根據上文took him on as an errand boy （跑腿男孩）.Les
did whatever was asked of him but可知，Les偷偷學會了操作演播室
的控制臺。
26. A. preparation B. explanation
C. contribution D. appreciation
解析：　根據上文he learned 　25　 how to work the controls in
the studio和下文Les was ready可知，因為準備充分，Les表現出
色，驚艷了聽眾和經理。
27. A. ignored B. comforted
C. recalled D. surprised
解析：　參見上題解析。
28. A. adaptation B. introduction
C. beginning D. requirement
解析：　根據語境可知，從那個決定性的開始，Les在廣播、公
共演講和電視領域都取得了成功。
Ⅳ.語法填空
　　As a world-famous ancient city， Xi’an has been known as the
capital of 13 ancient Chinese dynasties， during which the city was
29. 　　　　　　 booming large urban centre.However， after the
decline of the Tang Dynasty， the city’s political and cultural
significance 30. 　　　　　　 （gradual） weakened.
　　It was not until 1974， following the chance discovery of the
Terracotta Warriors by well-digging farmers， 31. 　　　　　　 Xi’an
was once again put back onto the international map.Three decades later，
the city has become a major industrial base and a popular tourist
destination.Historical sites are being restored 32. 　　　　　　 （help）
Chinese tourists rediscover their national heritage.One of those ancient
sites is the Dayan Pagoda， which 33. 　　　　　　 （build） in 652 by
Xuanzang， who travelled across India for over a decade and returned with
a precious 34. 　　　　　　 （collect） of Buddhist （佛教的） texts.
　　At the heart of Xi’an， the Xi’an City Wall， one of the largest
ancient military defence systems in the world， surrounds
35. 　　　　　　 （it） harmoniously with the modern city.Started
during the Tang Dynasty and later 36. 　　　　　　 （expand） in the
Ming Dynasty， the stone wall extends more than 13.7
kilometres.Constant restoration work keeps it 37. 　　　　　　 good
shape.You can climb up the high stone steps and walk or cycle along the
wall， 38. 　　　　　　 （enjoy） wide-ranging views of the both
ancient and modern city.
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了西安古城的興衰歷史。
29. a　考查冠詞。設空處表泛指，且booming的發音以輔音音素開
頭，故填a。
30. gradually　考查副詞。設空處作狀語，修飾weakened，應用副
詞，故填gradually。
31. that　考查固定句式。It is/was not until ...that ...是強調句，意為
“直到……才……”，故填that。
32. to help　考查非謂語動詞。設空處在句中作目的狀語，應用動詞
不定式，故填to help。
本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了西安古城的興衰歷史。
33. was built　考查動詞的時態、語態和主謂一致。根據in 652可知，
設空處描述的是發生在過去的事情，應用一般過去時，又因從句主語
which （指代the Dayan Pagoda）與build之間為被動關系，應用被動語
態，故填was built。
34. collection　考查名詞。設空處前有冠詞a和形容詞precious修飾，
設空處后為介詞of， 應用名詞形式，故填collection。
35. itself　考查代詞。設空處作動詞surrounds的賓語，且設空處和主
語the Xi’an City Wall所指相同，故填itself。
36. expanded　考查非謂語動詞。設空處在句中作狀語，說明主語the
stone wall的情況，又因為the stone wall 與expand之間是邏輯上的動賓
關系，故填expanded。
37. in　考查固定搭配。keep ...in good shape是固定搭配，意為
“使……保持良好的狀態”。故填in。
38. enjoying　考查非謂語動詞。設空處與wide-ranging views of the
both ancient and modern city一起作狀語，且You與enjoy之間是邏輯上
的主謂關系，故填enjoying。
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