資源簡介

Section Ⅰ　Welcome to the unit & Reading
維度一：品句填詞
根據所給單詞的首字母或漢語提示，寫出單詞的正確形式。
1.When he looks at the menu， an a　　　　　　 look quickly appears on his face.
2.The car salesman tried to c　　　　　　 me to buy an expensive electric car.
3.Just d　　　　　　 those thoughts from your mind — they’re crazy and not worth thinking about.
4.You should plan your r　　　　　　 in advance， using main roads as far as possible.
5.The medical professor even i　　　　　　 on testing the medicine on themselves to make sure that it was safe.
6.She got into a 　　　　　　（恐慌） when she thought she’d forgotten the tickets.
7.How you 　　　　　　（裝上） the truck impacts the safety of the goods， yourself， and the motorists around you.
8.To her pride， her son has been 　　　　　　（隊長） of the school basketball team already.
9.The plan for a new office building went ahead 　　　　　　（不顧） of local opposition.
10.We would like to remind all our guests to leave their keys at reception before they 　　　　　（離開）.
維度二：詞形轉換
用括號內單詞的正確形式填空。
1.The different parts of the picture form a 　　　　　（harmony） whole.
2.The organization’s aim is to 　　　　　　（strength） the cultural ties between China and Europe.
3.She wanted to work for a bigger and more 　　　　　　（influence） newspaper.
4.The job of a wealth management professional is to teach people what they should and should not do in their 　　　　　　（finance） lives.
5.It is 　　　　　　（astonish） how little Americans understand Chinese history.
6.In the past， people in rural areas died because of 　　　　　　（short） of medicine.
7.There is 　　　　　　（convince） evidence that listening to loud music can do great harm to our hearing.
8.Guests are requested to vacate their rooms by noon on the day of 　　　　　　（depart）.
9.The mistakes were corrected in a 　　　　　　（subsequently） edition of the book.
10.In the past， 　　　　　　（navigate） depended on a knowledge of the positions of the stars.
維度三：固定搭配和句式
根據漢語及括號內提示完成下列句子。
1.聽到我的話，戴維顫抖地轉過身來，淚水從眼中溢出。（with復合結構）
Hearing my words， David turned around trembling 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
2.我是最佳志愿者的原因是我英語說得流利。（表語從句）
　　　　　　　　　　　　 I’m the best person to be a volunteer 　　　　　　I speak English fluently.
3.昨天班主任請了一天假，因此我們的班長代他參加了會議。（on behalf of）
Our head teacher took a day off yesterday， so our monitor attended the meeting 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
4.200公里以外的北京都感到了地震。（which引導的非限制性定語從句）
The earthquake was felt in Beijing， 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
5.上個月我參觀了一家公司，我哥哥在那里工作。（where引導的非限制性定語從句）
I paid a visit to a company last month， 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
6.三天后他就去了北京。（before引導時間狀語從句）
It 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　he went to Beijing.
維度四：課文語法填空
閱讀課文內容，在空白處填入1個適當的單詞或括號內單詞的正確形式。
Zheng He
　　Zheng He set sail from Taicang 1.　　　　　 his first voyage in 1405.During the next 28 years he made seven voyages altogether.2.　　　　　　 （load）with china， silk， tea and other gifts for foreign rulers， his fleet paid friendly visits to over 30 countries and regions.While Zheng He’s team were sailing， the navigators took compass readings， kept logs of their voyages 3.　　　　　 charted the coast.His voyages helped China develop and strengthen relations with the countries and regions on which he set foot.With his accomplishments widely acknowledged， Zheng He 4.　　　　　　 （remember） as one of the most influential explorers in China.
　　Christopher Columbus
　　Christopher Columbus， 5.　　　　　　 was born in a port city of Italy in 1451， loved sailing and geography， which inspired him to become a sailor.Thanks to financial support from the King and Queen of Spain， he left Spain with three ships 6.　　　　 （carry） about 90 crewmen on 3 August 1492.Columbus overcame numerous 7.　　　　　　 （challenge） during the journey and finally reached the shores of the Caribbean， which 8.　　　　　　　　 （mistake） for those of the East Indies.
　　From 1493 to 1504， more land was found by Columbus over the course of his three 9.　　　　 （subsequence）voyages.His “discovery” of the New World 10.　　　　　　 （strong） encouraged lots of explorers to continue the exploration.
Ⅰ.閱讀理解
A
　　Life beneath the sea surface can be lovely and lively. But many organisms （生物體） there produce poisonous chemicals to keep away from predators.Divers are now collecting such poisons as candidate drugs for human medicine.
　　Sharks aren’t the scariest things in the ocean for scientists who dive to work. Powerful currents， created where the ocean floor drops away， can be just as deadly. But the scientists who work underwater train to deal with these dangers. The rewards of research and underwater adventure are greater than the risks.
　　The sea may seem like a strange place to look for new drugs. But organisms in the ocean have had to adapt to a tough environment. The chemicals they make for survival might help people， too. More than 50 years ago， scientists discovered a new anti-cancer drug in a sea sponge. Since then， researchers have been hunting the seas for more of such useful natural products.
　　With the help of underwater robots and small submarines， scientists are searching the seas — from shallow reefs to the oceans’ great depths.
　　Microbes living in the Arctic’s cold waters break down their food using more different ways than organisms on land do. This process of turning food into energy for growth， activities and reproduction is called metabolism （新陳代謝）. These pathways also produce chemicals called “secondary metabolites”. One day they might also help people.
　　During a four-year project called PharmaSeas， scientists made thousands of extracts from those seafloor samples. In about a dozen of them， researchers found mixtures that can kill bacteria that some of today’s antibiotics cannot. Yet another mixture may reduce the symptoms of Alzheimer’s disease.
1.Why do some sea organisms produce poisonous chemicals？（　　）
A.To struggle for existence.
B.To benefit other creatures.
C.To change their environment.
D.To hide themselves in the sea.
2.What may threaten scientists’ lives when they work underwater according to the text？（　　）
A.The darkness in the deep ocean.
B.Dangerous animals and currents.
C.Poisonous chemicals in the water.
D.The ocean floors dropping away quickly.
3.What is special about the mixtures from seafloor samples？（　　）
A.They have the same effects as today’s medicine.
B.They can treat many diseases.
C.They have unique functions.
D.They can kill all bacteria.
4.Which of the following can be a suitable title for the passage？（　　）
A.Living Resources in the Ocean
B.Dangers of Diving in the Sea
C.Future Sources of Medicines
D.Diving for New Medicines
B
　　A team of scientists plans to explore a little-known part of the ocean.The scientists will enter what they call the “Midnight Zone” of the Indian Ocean.It is an area at a depth of about 1，000 meters below the surface where light does not reach.The project is expected to begin on 16 March and to last about five weeks.The scientists aim to explore huge underwater mountains also known as seamounts.
　　The scientists involved in the project are part of Nekton， an ocean research group that works with the University of Oxford in Britain.They are working with the Seychelles’ and Maldives’ governments in an effort to protect ocean areas.
　　Oliver Steeds is the director of the Nekton effort.He told the Associated Press that the area his team will explore is home to many forms of life.“What we do know is that beneath 1，000 meters， there’s no light down there， but a lot of animals ...are shining，” he said.
　　The Nekton scientists will be using one of the most modern deep sea submarines （潛水艇） in the world.It is named Limiting Factor.
　　Last August， the Limiting Factor completed another project： to dive to the deepest point in each of the world’s five oceans.That effort was called the Five Deeps Expedition.The deepest of these dives took the submarine to nearly 11，000 meters below sea level.
　　Robert McCallum is the leader of the expedition.He said vehicles that can dive deep into the ocean are rare.
　　The scientists will use sensors and mapping technology to identify new species and landforms deep beneath the sea.But， they also want to observe the effects humans have on the deep sea environment.They will be trying to measure the presence of plastic pollution and possible effects of climate change.
5.What is the purpose of Nekton？（　　）
A.To protect the sea.
B.To explore seamounts.
C.To discover new species.
D.To research ocean animals.
6.What is special about the “Midnight Zone”？ （　　）
A.It’s complete dark.
B.There are some lights.
C.It’s 11，000 meters deep.
D.There are no plants or animals.
7.What do we learn about the Limiting Factor？（　　）
A.It will be used for the first time.
B.It met with some failure last year.
C.It can take people travel around the world.
D.It can reach as deep as nearly 11，000 meters.
8.What do the scientists want to know through the research？（　　）
A.How new species live in the ocean.
B.How human activities affect the sea.
C.What makes life possible under the sea.
D.What effects the ocean has on Earth.
Ⅱ.閱讀七選五
　　Beginning with Chinese efforts to explore and connect with Central Asia， the Silk Road consisted of massive small routes and was named after the silk cloth the Chinese produced.9.（　　） Through these routes， Chinese silk， porcelain （瓷器）， lacquer work （漆器） and ironware were shipped to the West， while pepper， flax， spices， grape and pomegranate entered China.
　　10.（　　） They promoted flow of knowledge as well.Arab astronomy， calendar and medicine found their way to China， while China’s four great inventions and silkworm breeding spread to other parts of the world.11.（　　） For example， Buddhism originated in India， blossomed in China and was enriched in Southeast Asia.Confucianism， which was born in China， gained appreciation by European thinkers such as Leibniz and Voltaire.Herein lies the appeal of mutual learning.
　　The ancient Silk Road witnessed the busy scenes of visits and trade over land and ships calling at ports.Along these major routes， capital， technology and people flowed freely.12.（　　） The ancient prosperous cities and ports developed， so did the Roman Empire as well as Parthia and Kushan Kingdoms.The Han and Tang Dynasties of China entered the golden age.The ancient Silk Road brought prosperity to these regions and contributed to their development.
　　Some regions along the ancient Silk Road used to be a land of milk and honey.Yet today， these places are often associated with conflict， crisis and challenge.13.（　　） Now， the Belt and Road Initiative intends to build an open platform of cooperation and a broad community of shared interests.It will not only achieve economic growth and balanced development， but also connect different civilizations.Mutual understanding， mutual respect， and mutual trust among different countries will be boosted.
A.More importantly， ideas were also exchanged.
B.The ancient silk routes were not only for trade.
C.Goods， resources and benefits were widely shared.
D.Such state of affairs should not be allowed to continue.
E.However， silk was just one of many goods traded on these routes.
F.Large empires provided stability and protection for the trade routes.
G.The Silk Road was never an actual road， or even a single massive trade route.
Section Ⅰ　Welcome to the unit & Reading
基礎知識自測
維度一
1.astonished　2.convince　3.dismiss　4.route　5.insisted
6.panic　7.load　8.captain　9.regardless　10.depart
維度二
1.harmonious　2.strengthen　3.influential　4.financial
5.astonishing　6.shortage　7.convincing　8.departure
9.subsequent　10.navigation
維度三
1.with tears spilling out of his eyes
2.The reason why； is that　3.on behalf of him
4.which is more than two hundred kilometres away
5.where my brother is/was working
6.was three days before
維度四
1.on　2.Loaded　3.and　4.is remembered　5.who
6.carrying　7.challenges　8.were mistaken　9.subsequent
10.strongly
素養能力提升
Ⅰ.
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。海底的生命是可愛且充滿活力的，但是許多海洋生物都會產生有毒的化學物質來抵御捕食者。海洋生物所產生的有毒化學物質對人類很有用，科學家們現在正在尋找其中可以用于治療人類疾病的化學物質。
1.A　細節理解題。根據第一段中的But many organisms （生物體） there produce poisonous chemicals to keep away from predators.可知，許多海洋生物會產生有毒的化學物質來抵御捕食者，也就是說，海洋生物產生有毒的化學物質是為了生存。
2.B　細節理解題。根據第二段第一、二句可知，對于需要潛水工作的科學家來說，鯊魚并不是海洋中最可怕的東西，因海底落差產生的強大洋流也同樣是致命的。由此可知，當科學家在水下工作時，危險的動物和洋流會威脅他們的生命。
3.C　推理判斷題。根據最后一段最后兩句可知，科學家們在來自海底的樣本里發現了混合物，它們可以殺死現在的一些抗生素不能殺死的細菌。有一種混合物還能減輕阿爾茨海默病的癥狀。由此可推知，這些來自海底樣本的混合物有特殊的功能。
4.D　標題歸納題。根據全文內容尤其是第一段最后一句可知，本文主要講述了科學家們潛到海里收集各種海洋生物產生的化學物質，用于制作人類藥物。因此D項（潛水尋找新藥）適合作文章標題。
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。一些科學家將潛入印度洋1000米的深處，探索人類活動對海洋的影響。
5.A　推理判斷題。根據第二段可知，Nekton是一個海洋研究小組，其根本目的是保護海洋。
6.B　細節理解題。根據第三段可知，雖然海底1000米深處自然光無法到達，但是一些海洋動物自身會發光。
7.D　細節理解題。根據倒數第三段可知，這種潛水艇可以潛入到海底接近11000米的深處。
8.B　細節理解題。根據最后一段可知，科學家的主要目的是發現新的海洋生物，同時了解人類活動（塑料污染及氣候變化）對海洋環境的影響。
Ⅱ.
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了絲綢之路的發展歷史和意義。
9.E　根據上文可知，絲綢之路是由中國生產的絲綢命名的；根據空后一句可知，通過這些路線，中國的絲綢、瓷器、漆器和鐵器被運往西方，而辣椒、亞麻、香料、葡萄和石榴進入中國。故E項（然而，絲綢只是在這些路線上被交易的許多商品之一）承上啟下，符合語境。silk是詞匯復現。
10.B　根據空后一句可知，絲綢之路也促進了知識交流，下文提到中國與西方的科技發明與思想文化也有了互相交流的機會。故B項（古代絲綢之路不僅是為了貿易）符合語境，空后的They指代B項中的The ancient silk routes。
11.A　根據空后列舉的Buddhism和Confucianism可知，絲綢之路也有助于文化和思想的交流。故A項（更重要的是，還交流了觀點）引出下文，符合語境。
12.C　空前提到絲綢之路見證了沿途各港口貿易繁忙的景象，絲綢之路沿途的主要干線上，資本、技術和人口可以自由流動；空后提到這些古代的繁華城市和港口都得以發展。故C項（商品、資源和利益被廣泛分享）符合語境。
13.D　空前一句說明“然而今天，這些地方往往與沖突、危機和挑戰聯系在一起”。故D項（這種狀況不應被容許繼續下去）符合語境，D項中的Such state of affairs指代空前一句中陳述的狀況。
5 / 5Section Ⅰ　Welcome to the unit & Reading
Sailing the oceans①
Zheng He
　　[1]In the summer of 1405， Zheng He， one of China’s greatest explorers， set sail from Taicang on his first voyage②. [2]A fleet③ of over 200 ships navigated④ the blue seas， with almost 28，000 people on board⑤， which was a splendid scene.It would take 500 years before a larger fleet sailed the seas.[3]According to some records， the largest ships were over 140 metres in length， demonstrating⑥ the advanced technology and special skills used in constructing ships.
　　[1]one of China’s greatest explorers作Zheng He的同位語。
　　[2]句中with復合結構作狀語；which引導非限制性定語從句，修飾前面整個主句。
　　[3]句中動詞-ing短語demonstrating ...in constructing ships作狀語，該結構中過去分詞短語used in constructing ships作后置定語，修飾the advanced technology and special skills。
　　Between 1405 and 1433， on behalf of⑦ the Ming Dynasty， Zheng He made a total of⑧ seven voyages. His ships were loaded⑨ with china， silk， tea and other treasures as gifts for foreign rulers， and the fleet paid friendly visits to⑩ more than 30 countries and regions. He even sailed as far as the east coast of Africa. As they sailed， the navigators took compass readings， kept logs of their voyages and charted the coast. Later the detailed maps became Zheng He’s Navigation Map.
　　Zheng He’s seven voyages had a far-reaching impact on China and its neighbours. [4]In the countries and regions where Zheng He set foot ， legends have been passed on about this great explorer.[5]Zheng He’s efforts helped develop and strengthen harmonious relations with these countries and regions， exposing foreign people to Chinese culture， and allowing the Chinese to better understand overseas lands.
　　For many years， some historians dismissed the records of these voyages as legends.[6]The final proof came when an enormous shipyard was discovered in Nanjing， where the fleet had been built.Zheng He’s accomplishments are now widely acknowledged ， and he is remembered as one of China’s most influential explorers.
　　[4]句中where引導定語從句，修飾先行詞countries and regions。
　　[5]兩個并列的動詞-ing短語exposing ...和allowing ...作結果狀語。
　　[6]句中where引導非限制性定語從句，修飾先行詞shipyard。
Christopher Columbus
　　[7]Those who make great discoveries must often overcome many challenges along the way—as was the case with the explorer Christopher Columbus.Columbus was born in a port city of Italy in 1451.[8]As a teenager， he loved sailing， and he showed great interest in geography， which inspired him to begin his career as a seaman.
　　[7]本句有兩個定語從句，一個是who引導的限制性定語從句，修飾先行詞Those；另一個是as引導的非限制性定語從句。
　　[8]which引導非限制性定語從句，修飾前面整個主句。
　　Columbus insisted on searching for a direct sea route to the East Indies by sailing across the Atlantic Ocean. After continuous attempts， he received financial support from the King and Queen of Spain.[9]On 3 August 1492， he departed from Spain with three ships carrying about 90 crewmen.[10]The journey was full of challenges： it took longer than expected， they faced a shortage of food， and one of the ships was leaking badly， which put everyone on this ship in grave danger.The men on board were in panic . Regardless of all the challenges， Columbus managed to keep everyone out of danger with his knowledge and bravery across the ocean. Finally， on 12 October， the crew spotted land in the distance .[11]Columbus called the natives living on the islands Indians because he was convinced that he was in the East Indies. However， the shores they had reached were of the Caribbean， not the East Indies.
　　[9]with復合結構作狀語，其中動詞-ing短語carrying about 90 crewmen作賓語補足語。
　　[10]句中and連接三個并列分句；which引導非限制性定語從句，修飾前面的整個主句。
　　[11]動詞-ing短語living on the islands作后置定語，修飾名詞natives；that引導賓語從句。
【讀文清障】
①sail the oceans 航海
set sail （from/for ...）
（自……）起航；開航（前往……）
②voyage n.航海，航行，航天
vi.航行，遠行
on one’s first voyage 在某人的第一次航海中
③fleet n.艦隊；捕魚船隊；車隊
a fleet of over 200 ships
由200多艘船組成的艦隊
④navigate vt.航行；導航 vi.導航
navigation n.航行；導航
⑤on board 在船上（或飛機上、火車上）
⑥demonstrate vt.證明；說明；表現
⑦on behalf of 代表（或代替）；為幫助；為了
⑧a total of 總共 　in total 總共，總計
⑨load vt.& vi.裝上，裝入 n.負載；承載量；大量
be loaded with 裝滿……；充滿……
⑩pay visits to 拜訪，訪問
compass n.羅盤，指南針；圓規
log n.航海日志，正式記錄；原木
vi.& vt.伐木
keep logs of 記……日志
chart vt.記錄，跟蹤（進展或發展）；繪制區域地圖 n.圖表；海圖；排行榜
have a far-reaching impact on 對……有深遠的影響
set foot 踏上；踏足；踏進
legend n.傳奇；傳說
pass on 傳遞（信息）；將……傳給
strengthen vt.& vi.加強，增強
harmonious adj.友好和睦的；協調的，和諧的
strengthen harmonious relations with 增強與……友好關系
dismiss vt.不予考慮，對……不屑一提；去除，摒除；解雇；解散
dismiss sth as ...把某事當成……不予考慮
proof n.證據，證明
prove vt.證明，證實linking v.證明是
acknowledge vt.承認（權威、地位）；承認（屬實）；（公開）感謝
acknowledge sb/sth as ...
承認某人/某物是……
influential adj.有很大影響力的，有支配力的
as is the case with 和……一樣
show great interest in 對……表現出極大的興趣
insist vi.& vt.堅決要求，堅持；堅持說
insist on （doing） sth 堅持（做）某事
route n.路線，路途；途徑，渠道
financial adj.財政的，金融的，財務的
depart vi.& vt.離開，起程
depart from 離開……，從……起程；背離……，違反……
shortage n.不足，短缺
a shortage of food 食物短缺
leak vi.漏，滲漏；滲入 vt.漏，滲漏；泄露 n.漏洞
grave adj.嚴重的，嚴峻的
put ...in grave danger 使陷入極大的危險之中
panic n.驚恐，恐慌 vi.& vt.（使）驚慌，（使）驚慌失措
in panic 驚慌地，慌亂中
regardless adv.不顧，不加理會
regardless of 不管，不顧
in the distance 在遠處
convince vt.使確信，使相信；說服，勸說
shore n.岸，濱
　　Between 1493 and 1504， Columbus found more land over the course of his three subsequent voyages.[12]The major contribution of this great explorer is that he “discovered” the New World. His discovery inspired explorers such as Captain James Cook to explore and discover more vast areas of the world.[13]His voyages opened a new chapter of the Age of Exploration， a period which witnessed many important geographical findings.This period also allowed for an international exchange of ideas and cultures.
　　[12]that引導表語從句，that在此處不可以省略。
　　[13]a period 是the Age of Exploration的同位語；which引導定語從句，修飾先行詞period。
subsequent adj.隨后的，后來的
captain n.船長，機長；上校；隊長
allow for 使成為可能；考慮到，
把……計算在內
【參考譯文】
碧海遠航
　　鄭 和
　　1405年夏，中國一位最偉大的探險家鄭和從太倉起錨，開啟了他的首次遠航。其船隊有船200余艘，載著近兩萬八千人，在碧海上乘風破浪，場面極其壯觀。規模更大的航海船隊要到500年后才出現。據史料記載，鄭和船隊最大的船長逾140米，可知其造船技術之高超，工藝之獨特。
　　1405年到1433年期間，鄭和代表明朝總共進行了七次航行。他的船滿載瓷器、絲綢、茶葉和其他奇珍異寶作為饋贈異邦君王的禮品。船隊先后對30多個國家和地區進行友好訪問。他最遠甚至抵達了非洲東海岸。海員們一路上記錄羅盤刻度，書寫航海日志，繪制海岸地圖。這些詳細的地圖后來集為《鄭和航海圖》。
　　鄭和七次下西洋對中國及其鄰國產生了深遠影響。在鄭和到訪過的國家和地區，至今流傳著有關這位偉大探險家的傳說。鄭和的努力有助于發展和鞏固中國與這些國家和地區的和睦關系，促進中國文化的對外傳播，也增進中國對海外諸邦的了解。
　　多年來，一些歷史學家把這些航海記錄當作傳說而不予理會。后來，鐵證出現了，在南京發現了一個巨大的造船廠，當年鄭和的船便在此處建造。鄭和的成就現在受到廣泛認可，他也作為中國最具影響力的探險家之一被世人銘記。
克里斯托弗·哥倫布
　　凡取得偉大發現的人，往往必須戰勝重重磨難，探險家克里斯托弗·哥倫布便是如此。1451年，哥倫布生于意大利一個港口城市。少年時代他就喜愛航海，對地理表現出極大的興趣。這些激勵他開始了海員生涯。
　　哥倫布決心橫渡大西洋，開辟一條直通東印度群島的航線。經過不懈的嘗試，他終于獲得了西班牙國王和王后的資助。1492年8月3日，他和約90名船員分乘三艘船從西班牙出發。這次航行中他們飽經患難：航行時間超過預期，食物儲備不足，還有一艘船嚴重漏水，船上所有人都命懸一線。人們都陷入了恐慌。不顧所有挑戰，哥倫布設法憑借自己的知識和勇敢確保每個人都平安越過海洋。終于，10月12日那天，有船員看到遠方的陸地。哥倫布深信來到了東印度群島，便將生活在島上的土著人稱為印第安人。然而，他們所到達的海岸其實屬于加勒比海地區，而不是東印度群島。
　　1493年到1504年間，哥倫布又先后三次出航，途中發現了更多陸地。這位偉大探險家最大的貢獻是“發現”新大陸。他的發現激勵了諸如詹姆斯·庫克船長這樣的探險家去探索和發現世界更廣大的區域。他的航海活動開啟了大航海時代的新篇章，那是一個見證許多重大地理發現的時期。這一時期也實現了思想和文化的國際交流。
　　
第一步：析架構，理文本脈絡
Read the passage quickly and fill in the blanks with suitable words.
第二步：精讀文，達明察秋毫
Read the passage carefully and choose the best answer.
1.What can we learn about Zheng He’s voyages from the first two paragraphs？（　　）
A.All the ships were over 140 metres in length.
B.Zheng He made seven voyages in the name of the Qing Dynasty.
C.Some details of the voyages were recorded.
D.It took 500 years for the fleet to sail the seas.
2.What was found in Nanjing and proved that Zheng He’s voyages were not legends？（　　）
A.A ship over 140 meters.
B.A record of that time.
C.An ancient shipwreck.
D.An enormous shipyard.
3.Which of the following is NOT the challenge during Christopher Columbus’s journey？（　　）
A.The bad weather during the journey.
B.The longer time of the journey.
C.One of the ships was leaking badly.
D.The shortage of food.
4.Which of the following characters helped Christopher Columbus get out of danger？（　　）
A.Kind and determined.
B.Brave and modest.
C.Humorous and clever.
D.Knowledgeable and courageous.
5.We can conclude from the story of Christopher Columbus that 　　　　.（　　）
A.one is never too old to learn
B.nothing is impossible to a willing heart
C.the longest journey begins with the first step
D.one minute on the stage needs ten years’ practice off stage
第三步：通詞句，學語言表達
1.詞匯學習——循規律，記單詞
（1）動詞＋（t）ure→名詞
①depart→departure 離開，起程
②press→pressure 壓力；擠壓；壓強
③fail→failure 失敗；失敗的人（或事物）
④mix→mixture 混合；結合體
⑤expose→exposure 面臨，遭受；揭露；報道
（2）名詞＋-en→動詞
①strength→strengthen 加強，增強
②fright→frighten 嚇唬；使驚嚇；使驚恐
③length→lengthen 變長；（使）加長；（使）伸長
④height→heighten 加高；提高
⑤threat→threaten 威脅；恐嚇；危及
2.美句欣賞——賞佳句，品用法
which引導非限制性定語從句，先行詞可以是前面整個主句，此時定語從句的位置不能放在整個句子的句首。
請在課文中找出幾處which引導的非限制性定語從句的句子，背誦并翻譯。
（1）原句：　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
翻譯：　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
（2）原句：　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
翻譯：　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
（3）原句：　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
翻譯：　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
第四步：析難句，清閱讀障礙
1.A fleet of over 200 ships navigated the blue seas， with almost 28，000 people on board， which was a splendid scene.
句式分析
自主翻譯 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
2.The final proof came when an enormous shipyard was discovered in Nanjing， where the fleet had been built.
句式分析
自主翻譯 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
3.Columbus called the natives living on the islands Indians because he was convinced that he was in the East Indies.
句式分析
自主翻譯 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
第五步：拓視野，育思維品質
1.What factors made the voyages of Zheng He and Columbus so successful？ （Critical Thinking 批判性思維）
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
2.What have you learnt about the spirit of exploration from the articles？ （Creative Thinking 創造性思維）
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
Part Ⅰ　核心詞匯集釋
convince vt.使確信，使相信；說服，勸說
【教材原句】　“It is clear，” he said， “that there is only one way to convince you. We must conduct an experiment.” 他說：“顯然，只有一種方法可以令你們信服。我們必須做個實驗。”
【用法】
（1）convince sb of sth 　　　使某人相信某事 convince sb to do sth 說服某人做某事 convince sb that ... 使某人確信…… （2）convinced adj. 堅信的，確信的 be convinced of/that ... 確信……，相信…… （3）convincing adj. 有說服力的，使人信服的 convincingly adv.令人信服地，有說服力地
【佳句】　I hope I can convince you to stop by and visit us in New York.
我希望我能說服你到紐約來拜訪我們。
He tried to convince me of the truth of the news but he couldn’t provide convincing proof.Therefore， it seemed that he didn’t speak convincingly.他盡力使我相信這個消息的真實性，但他無法提供令人信服的證據，所以他的說法似乎沒有說服力。
【練透】　單句語法填空
①There is now a 　　　　　　（convince） evidence that smoking causes lung cancer.
②I’ve been trying to convince him 　　　　　　（see） a doctor.
③We are convinced 　　　　　　the next Olympic Games will be a better success.
④I’m firmly convinced 　　　　　　the significance of honesty， which will contribute to building a warm and harmonious society.
【寫美】　句式升級
⑤I’m convinced that you like paper-cutting， so I’d like to invite you to visit the exhibition.
→　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　， I’d like to invite you to visit the exhibition.（動詞-ed形式作狀語）
on behalf of 代表（或代替）；為幫助；為了
【教材原句】　Between 1405 and 1433， on behalf of the Ming Dynasty， Zheng He made a total of seven voyages.1405年到1433年期間，鄭和代表明朝總共進行了七次航行。
【用法】
（1）on one’s behalf 　　　代表某人 in behalf of sb 為幫助某人 （2）represent sb 代表某人 stand for 代表，象征
【佳句】　On behalf of everyone here I want to thank you for your help.
我代表在場的各位感謝你的幫助。
Kate gave a piano concert on behalf of a charity.
凱特為幫助一個慈善機構舉辦了一場鋼琴演奏會。
【練透】　單句語法填空
①On behalf 　　　　　　the Students’ Union， I’m writing to invite you to attend a lecture next Wednesday.
②Mr King can’t be here， so his wife will accept the prize 　　　　　　his behalf.
【寫美】　句型轉換
③Representing all our team members， I am writing to invite you to join us.
→　　　　　　　　 all our team members， I am writing to invite you to join us.
load vt.& vi.裝上，裝入 n.負載；承載量；大量
【教材原句】　His ships were loaded with china， silk， tea and other treasures as gifts for foreign rulers ...他的船滿載瓷器、絲綢、茶葉和其他奇珍異寶作為饋贈異邦君王的禮品……
【用法】
（1）load up　　　　 　　裝載；載滿貨物 load ...with ... 用……裝載……； 使……負擔…… be loaded with 裝載著…… load ...into/onto ... 把……裝入（到）……；使……負擔…… （2）take a load off one’s mind打消某人的顧慮，卸下心頭的負擔 loads of＝a load of 大量的；許多的
【佳句】　I wish I could grow up as quickly as possible so that I can lighten my parents’ load.我希望我能盡快長大，這樣我就能減輕父母的負擔。
Jack loaded all the groceries into his car.
杰克把所有的食品雜貨裝進了他的汽車。
【練透】　單句語法填空
①Youth provides us with inspiring articles， through which we can exchange our feelings with friends， and take a load 　　　　　　our mind.
②It will take more than two hours to load all the goods 　　　　　　the truck.
③Thirty-six trucks were loaded 　　　　　　some 100 tons of dried milk and bandages.
【寫美】　完成句子
④Even though I 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　， I’ll spend some free time having sports so that I can keep fit and dynamic.
即使我有很多功課要做，我也會花一些空閑時間做運動，這樣我就能保持健康和精力充沛。（應用文寫作之體育鍛煉）
strengthen vt.& vi.加強，增強
【教材原句】　Zheng He’s efforts helped develop and strengthen harmonious relations with these countries and regions， exposing foreign people to Chinese culture， and allowing the Chinese to better understand overseas lands.鄭和的努力有助于發展和鞏固中國與這些國家和地區的和睦關系，促進中國文化的對外傳播，也增進中國對海外諸邦的了解。
【用法】
（1）strengthen one’s belief 　　增強某人的信念 strengthen the economy 加強經濟 （2）strength n.力量，體力，力氣；優勢，優點；長處 strengths and weaknesses 優勢和劣勢，優點和缺點 have the strength to do sth 有力量/意志做某事 build up one’s strength/body 增強某人的體力 with all one’s strength 用盡全力 （3）strong adj.強壯的；強大的；強烈的；堅決的 strongly adv. 強烈地；堅固地；強有力地
【佳句】　Repairs are necessary to strengthen the bridge.
這座橋需要加固。
【練透】　單句語法填空
①He threw the boy toward the bank of the river with all his 　　　　　　（strong）.
②As a good teacher， you should know your students’ 　　　　　　（strength） and weaknesses.
③One idea is that sleep helps us 　　　　　（strong） new memories.
④It is 　　　　　　（strong） recommended that the machines should be checked every year.
【寫美】　完成句子
⑤When reaching the top of the mountain， I hardly 　　　　　　　　　　　　.
當到達山頂時，我幾乎連移動雙腳的力氣都沒有了。
dismiss vt.不予考慮，對……不屑一提；去除，摒除；解雇；解散
【教材原句】　For many years， some historians dismissed the records of these voyages as legends.
多年來，一些歷史學家把這些航海記錄當作傳說而不予理會。
【用法】
（1）dismiss sth from one’s mind 從思想上摒除某事 dismiss sb from ... 　　　　　把某人從……（職位）解雇/免職；消除，摒除（思想、感情等） dismiss sb for sth 因某事解雇某人 （2）dismissal n.解雇，開除，撤職；不予考慮，不予理會；摒棄；駁回（訴訟），不予受理
【佳句】　The suggestion should not be dismissed out of hand.
這個建議不應當直接就被摒棄。
【練透】　單句語法填空
①She was dismissed 　　　　　　her job because he did private job in the company.
②The boss had to dismiss him from the post 　　　　　　his violating the company’s rules.
③His 　　　　　　（dismiss） has no connection with the quality of his work.
【寫美】　完成句子
④　　　　　　　　　　， she climbed higher.
她消除了恐懼，爬得更高了。
acknowledge vt.承認（權威、地位）；承認（屬實）；（公開）感謝
【教材原句】　Zheng He’s accomplishments are now widely acknowledged， and he is remembered as one of China’s most influential explorers.
鄭和的成就現在受到廣泛認可，他也作為中國最具影響力的探險家之一被世人銘記。
【用法】
（1）acknowledge doing/having done sth 承認做（過）某事 acknowledge ... to be/as ... 認為……是……；承認……是…… it is generally/universally/widely acknowledged that ... ……是大家公認的；人們普遍認為…… （2）acknowledgement n.　　承認；確認；感謝；收件復函 in acknowledgement of 作為對……的認可/感謝
【佳句】　It is universally acknowledged that the film is not only instructive but also full of passion.
＝The film is universally acknowledged to be not only instructive but also full of passion.大家普遍認為這部電影不僅具有教育意義，而且充滿激情。
【練透】　單句語法填空
①He is acknowledged 　　　　　　one of the best basketball players in the world.
②　　　　　　 is widely acknowledged that health is the most important to everyone.
③Tom acknowledged 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　（defeat） in the English speech competition held last week in the lecture hall， which made us quite depressed.
【寫美】　完成句子
④　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 the shortest distance between persons is a sincere smile.
人們普遍認為，人與人之間最短的距離是真誠的微笑。
⑤　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　， without whom I couldn’t have made such great progress in English.
我感謝我的英語老師，沒有他我不可能在英語方面取得如此巨大的進步。
influential adj.有很大影響力的，有支配力的
【用法】
（1）be influential in （doing） sth　　　　　　　　　對（做）某事頗有影響 （2）influence n. 影響；作用；影響力；支配力 vt. 影響；對……起作用 under the influence of ... 在……的影響下 under one’s influence 在某人的影響下 have （an） influence on/upon ... 對……有影響 influence sb to do sth 影響某人去做某事
【佳句】　He is one of the most influential performers of modern jazz.
他是現代爵士樂最有影響力的表演者之一。
【練透】　單句語法填空
①The bad weather influenced them 　　　　　　　　（finish） the task in time.
②Do you believe that we can have an important influence 　　　　　　anyone we meet？
③Confucius is regarded as one of the most 　　　　　　 figures in Chinese history.He greatly 　　　　　　the development of China’s culture and education.（influence）
【寫美】　完成句子
④Watching TV for a long time 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　children’s health.
長時間看電視對孩子的健康有很大的影響。
insist vi.& vt.堅決要求，堅持；堅持說
【教材原句】　Columbus insisted on searching for a direct sea route to the East Indies by sailing across the Atlantic Ocean.哥倫布決心橫渡大西洋，開辟一條直通東印度群島的航線。
【用法】
（1）insist on/upon （doing） sth　堅持（做）某事 （2）insist that
【佳句】　In conclusion， so long as you insist on doing so， you will reap a harvest.
總而言之，只要你堅持這么做，你就會有收獲。
The teacher insisted that every minute should be made full use of to get well prepared for the final exam.老師堅決要求充分利用每一分鐘為期末考試做好準備。
【練透】　單句語法填空
①He also insisted that they 　　　　　　（leave） enough space for children.
②The man insisted 　　　　　　finding a taxi for me even though I told him I lived nearby.
【寫美】　完成句子
③Insisting that 　　　　　　　　　　　　， the old lady insisted that he 　　　　　　　　　　　　.
老太太堅持說那名男子偷了車，堅持要把他送到警察局。
panic n.驚恐，恐慌 vi.& vt.（panicked， panicked） （使）驚慌，（使）驚慌失措
【教材原句】　The men on board were in panic.船上的人們都陷入了恐慌。
【用法】
（1）in panic 　　　　　　　　驚慌地，慌亂中 get into a panic 驚慌失措 （2）panic sb into doing sth 使某人因驚慌做某事 panic over/about ... 對……驚慌
【佳句】　I felt very nervous and had to force myself not to panic.
我感到非常緊張，不得不強迫自己不要驚慌。
Don’t get into a panic when you are in a dangerous situation.身處險境時，不要陷入驚慌。
【點津】　panic的過去式、動詞-ed形式和動詞-ing形式都要把c變成ck，再加-ed或-ing。
【練透】　單句語法填空
①The first time I made a speech in public， I 　　　　　　（panic）.
②There’s no point getting 　　　　　　a panic about the exam.It’s not as difficult as you imagine.
③The war broke out and many people were panicked into 　　　　　　（leave） the country.
【寫美】　完成句子
④Shoppers fled the mall 　　　　　　　　when the earthquake occurred.
地震發生時，購物者驚慌失措地逃離了商場。
Part Ⅱ　中頻詞匯特訓
allow for使成為可能；考慮到，把……計算在內
【教材原句】　This period also allowed for an international exchange of ideas and cultures.
這一時期也實現了思想和文化的國際交流。
【用法】
allow of　　　　容許有……的可能 account for 解釋；說明；占……比例 answer for 對……負責；因……受到譴責 long for 期盼；渴望
【佳句】　You should always allow for the possibility that it might rain.
你一定要考慮到下雨的可能。
【練透】　選用左欄短語完成句子
①African-Americans 　　　　　　　　12％ of the US population.
②How I 　　　　　　　　a long conversation with you！
③One day， you’ll have to 　　　　　　　　what you’ve done today.
④The facts 　　　　　　　one explanation.
Part Ⅲ　重點句型解構
句型公式：keep＋賓語＋賓語補足語
【教材原句】　Regardless of all the challenges， Columbus managed to keep everyone out of danger with his knowledge and bravery across the ocean.
不顧所有挑戰，哥倫布設法憑借自己的知識和勇敢確保每個人都平安越過海洋。
【用法】
“keep＋賓語＋賓語補足語”結構： （1）keep＋賓語＋adj./adv.（表示狀態） （2）keep＋賓語＋動詞-ing形式（賓語與賓語補足語之間為邏輯上的主謂關系） （3）keep＋賓語＋動詞-ed形式（賓語與賓語補足語之間為邏輯上的動賓關系） （4）keep＋賓語＋介詞短語（表示狀態）
【品悟】　Keeping things in the lab clean and organized can help provide a safer environment.保持實驗室里的物品整潔有序有助于提供一個更安全的環境。
【寫美】　完成句子
①What do you do to 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　？
你做什么使自己看起來氣色不錯并感覺舒服？
②We must 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　of what is going on in our class.
我們必須讓我們的老師知道班里正在發生的事情。
③He always 　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
他一直使車保持良好狀況。
Section Ⅰ　Welcome to the unit & Reading
【文本透析·剖語篇】
第一步
1.seven voyages　2.achievements　3.Columbus　4.first　5.significance
第二步
1－5　CDADB
第三步
2.（1）A fleet of over 200 ships navigated the blue seas， with almost 28，000 people on board，which was a splendid scene.
其船隊有船200余艘，載著近兩萬八千人，在碧海上乘風破浪，場面極其壯觀。
（2）As a teenager， he loved sailing， and he showed great interest in geography， which inspired him to begin his career as a seaman.
少年時代他就喜愛航海，對地理表現出極大的興趣。這些激勵他開始了海員生涯。
（3）The journey was full of challenges： it took longer than expected， they faced a shortage of food， and one of the ships was leaking badly， which put everyone on this ship in grave danger.
這次航行中他們飽經患難：航行時間超過預期，食物儲備不足，還有一艘船嚴重漏水，船上所有人都命懸一線。
第四步
1.其船隊有船200余艘，載著近兩萬八千人，在碧海上乘風破浪，場面極其壯觀。
2.后來，鐵證出現了，在南京發現了一個巨大的造船廠，當年鄭和的船便在此處建造。
3.哥倫布深信來到了東印度群島，便將生活在島上的土著人稱為印第安人。
第五步
1.Zheng He： advanced technology； ship-building skills；his navigation skills；learning from others by treating them in a friendly manner
Columbus：loving sailing；great interest in geography；his passion for exploration； financial support； being brave and knowledgeable；overcoming many challenges
2.The spirit of exploration is extraordinarily strong in humans and it is an important part of our existence.It is human nature to discover new things and we are not afraid of hardship or danger.This kind of spirit encourages us to try new things and push the limits of what is possible.In our daily lives， if we were not willing to explore new things or take risks， we might lose many chances to expand our understanding of the world.
【核心知識·巧突破】
Part Ⅰ
1.①convincing　②to see　③that　④of
⑤Convinced that you like paper-cutting
2.①of　②on　③On behalf of
3.①off　②into/onto　③with
④have loads of/a load of schoolwork to do
4.①strength　②strengths　③strengthen　④strongly
⑤have the strength to move my feet
5.①from　②for　③dismissal　④Dismissing her fears
6.①as　②It　③being defeated/having been defeated
④It is generally/universally/widely acknowledged that
⑤I acknowledge my English teacher
7.①to finish　②on/upon　③influential； influenced
④has a great influence on/upon
8.①（should） leave　②on/upon　③the man had stolen the car； （should） be sent to the police
9.①panicked　②into　③leaving　④in panic
Part Ⅱ
　①account for　②long for　③answer for　④allow of
Part Ⅲ
　①keep yourself looking good and feeling good　②keep our teachers informed　③keeps the car in good condition
14 / 14(共132張PPT)
Section Ⅰ　Welcome to the unit & Reading
1
篇章助解·釋疑難
目 錄
2
文本透析·剖語篇
4
課時檢測·提能力
3
核心知識·巧突破
篇章助解·釋疑難
力推課前預習
1
Sailing the oceans①
Zheng He
　　[1]In the summer of 1405， Zheng He， one of China’s greatest
explorers， set sail from Taicang on his first voyage②. [2]A fleet③ of
over 200 ships navigated④ the blue seas， with almost 28，000 people on
board⑤， which was a splendid scene.It would take 500 years before a
larger fleet sailed the seas.[3]According to some records， the largest
ships were over 140 metres in length， demonstrating⑥ the advanced
technology and special skills used in constructing ships.
　　[1]one of China’s greatest explorers作Zheng He的同位語。
　　[2]句中with復合結構作狀語；which引導非限制性定語從句，修
飾前面整個主句。
　　[3]句中動詞-ing短語demonstrating ...in constructing ships作狀
語，該結構中過去分詞短語used in constructing ships作后置定語，修
飾the advanced technology and special skills。
【讀文清障】
①sail the oceans 航海
set sail （from/for ...）
（自……）起航；開航（前往……）
②voyage n.航海，航行，航天
vi.航行，遠行
on one’s first voyage 在某人的第一次航海中
③fleet n.艦隊；捕魚船隊；車隊
a fleet of over 200 ships
由200多艘船組成的艦隊
④navigate vt.航行；導航 vi.導航
navigation n.航行；導航
⑤on board 在船上（或飛機上、火車上）
⑥demonstrate vt.證明；說明；表現
　　Between 1405 and 1433， on behalf of⑦ the Ming Dynasty， Zheng
He made a total of⑧ seven voyages. His ships were loaded⑨ with china，
silk， tea and other treasures as gifts for foreign rulers， and the fleet paid
friendly visits to⑩ more than 30 countries and regions. He even sailed as
far as the east coast of Africa. As they sailed， the navigators took
compass readings， kept logs of their voyages and charted the
coast. Later the detailed maps became Zheng He’s Navigation Map.
　　Zheng He’s seven voyages had a far-reaching impact on China and
its neighbours. [4]In the countries and regions where Zheng He set foot
， legends have been passed on about this great explorer.[5]Zheng
He’s efforts helped develop and strengthen harmonious relations
with these countries and regions， exposing foreign people to Chinese
culture， and allowing the Chinese to better understand overseas lands.
　　For many years， some historians dismissed the records of these
voyages as legends.[6]The final proof came when an enormous
shipyard was discovered in Nanjing， where the fleet had been
built.Zheng He’s accomplishments are now widely acknowledged ，
and he is remembered as one of China’s most influential explorers.
　　[4]句中where引導定語從句，修飾先行詞countries and
regions。
　　[5]兩個并列的動詞-ing短語exposing ...和allowing ...作結
果狀語。
　　[6]句中where引導非限制性定語從句，修飾先行詞
shipyard。
⑦on behalf of 代表（或代替）；為幫助；為了
⑧a total of 總共
in total 總共，總計
⑨load vt.& vi.裝上，裝入 n.負載；承載量；大量
be loaded with 裝滿……；充滿……
⑩pay visits to 拜訪，訪問
compass n.羅盤，指南針；圓規
log n.航海日志，正式記錄；原木
vi.& vt.伐木
keep logs of 記……日志
chart vt.記錄，跟蹤（進展或發展）；繪制區域地圖 n.圖表；海
圖；排行榜
have a far-reaching impact on 對……有深遠的影響
set foot 踏上；踏足；踏進
legend n.傳奇；傳說
pass on 傳遞（信息）；將……傳給
strengthen vt.& vi.加強，增強
harmonious adj.友好和睦的；協調的，和諧的
strengthen harmonious relations with 增強與……友好關系
dismiss vt.不予考慮，對……不屑一提；去除，摒除；解雇；解散
dismiss sth as ...把某事當成……不予考慮
proof n.證據，證明
prove vt.證明，證實linking v.證明是
acknowledge vt.承認（權威、地位）；承認（屬實）；（公開）
感謝
acknowledge sb/sth as ...
承認某人/某物是……
influential adj.有很大影響力的，有支配力的
　　[7]Those who make great discoveries must often overcome many
challenges along the way—as was the case with the explorer Christopher
Columbus.Columbus was born in a port city of Italy in 1451.[8]As a
teenager， he loved sailing， and he showed great interest in
geography， which inspired him to begin his career as a seaman.
　　[7]本句有兩個定語從句，一個是who引導的限制性定語從句，
修飾先行詞Those；另一個是as引導的非限制性定語從句。
　　[8]which引導非限制性定語從句，修飾前面整個主句。
Christopher Columbus
as is the case with 和……一樣
show great interest in 對……表現出極大的興趣
　　Columbus insisted on searching for a direct sea route to the East
Indies by sailing across the Atlantic Ocean. After continuous attempts， he
received financial support from the King and Queen of Spain.[9]On 3
August 1492， he departed from Spain with three ships carrying about
90 crewmen.[10]The journey was full of challenges： it took longer than
expected， they faced a shortage of food， and one of the ships was
leaking badly， which put everyone on this ship in grave danger.The
men on board were in panic . Regardless of all the challenges，
Columbus managed to keep everyone out of danger with his knowledge
and bravery across the ocean.
Finally， on 12 October， the crew spotted land in the distance
.[11]Columbus called the natives living on the islands Indians because
he was convinced that he was in the East Indies. However， the shores
they had reached were of the Caribbean， not the East Indies.
　　[9]with復合結構作狀語，其中動詞-ing短語carrying about 90
crewmen作賓語補足語。
　　[10]句中and連接三個并列分句；which引導非限制性定語從句，
修飾前面的整個主句。
　　[11]動詞-ing短語living on the islands作后置定語，修飾名詞
natives；that引導賓語從句。
insist vi.& vt.堅決要求，堅持；堅持說
insist on （doing） sth 堅持（做）某事
route n.路線，路途；途徑，渠道
financial adj.財政的，金融的，財務的
depart vi.& vt.離開，起程
depart from 離開……，從……起程；背離……，違反……
shortage n.不足，短缺
a shortage of food 食物短缺
leak vi.漏，滲漏；滲入 vt.漏，滲漏；泄露 n.漏洞
grave adj.嚴重的，嚴峻的
put ...in grave danger 使陷入極大的危險之中
panic n.驚恐，恐慌 vi.& vt.（使）驚慌，（使）驚慌失措
in panic 驚慌地，慌亂中
regardless adv.不顧，不加理會
regardless of 不管，不顧
in the distance 在遠處
convince vt.使確信，使相信；說服，勸說
shore n.岸，濱
　　Between 1493 and 1504， Columbus found more land over the course
of his three subsequent voyages.[12]The major contribution of this
great explorer is that he “discovered” the New World. His discovery
inspired explorers such as Captain James Cook to explore and discover
more vast areas of the world.[13]His voyages opened a new chapter of the
Age of Exploration， a period which witnessed many important
geographical findings.This period also allowed for an international
exchange of ideas and cultures.
　　[12]that引導表語從句，that在此處不可以省略。
　　[13]a period 是the Age of Exploration的同位語；which引導定語
從句，修飾先行詞period。
subsequent adj.隨后的，后來的
captain n.船長，機長；上校；隊長
allow for 使成為可能；考慮到，
把……計算在內
【參考譯文】
碧海遠航
鄭 和
　　1405年夏，中國一位最偉大的探險家鄭和從太倉起錨，開啟了他
的首次遠航。其船隊有船200余艘，載著近兩萬八千人，在碧海上乘
風破浪，場面極其壯觀。規模更大的航海船隊要到500年后才出現。
據史料記載，鄭和船隊最大的船長逾140米，可知其造船技術之高
超，工藝之獨特。
　　1405年到1433年期間，鄭和代表明朝總共進行了七次航行。他的
船滿載瓷器、絲綢、茶葉和其他奇珍異寶作為饋贈異邦君王的禮品。
船隊先后對30多個國家和地區進行友好訪問。他最遠甚至抵達了非洲
東海岸。海員們一路上記錄羅盤刻度，書寫航海日志，繪制海岸地
圖。這些詳細的地圖后來集為《鄭和航海圖》。
　　鄭和七次下西洋對中國及其鄰國產生了深遠影響。在鄭和到訪過
的國家和地區，至今流傳著有關這位偉大探險家的傳說。鄭和的努力
有助于發展和鞏固中國與這些國家和地區的和睦關系，促進中國文化
的對外傳播，也增進中國對海外諸邦的了解。
　　多年來，一些歷史學家把這些航海記錄當作傳說而不予理會。后
來，鐵證出現了，在南京發現了一個巨大的造船廠，當年鄭和的船便
在此處建造。鄭和的成就現在受到廣泛認可，他也作為中國最具影響
力的探險家之一被世人銘記。克里斯托弗·哥倫布
　　凡取得偉大發現的人，往往必須戰勝重重磨難，探險家克里斯托
弗·哥倫布便是如此。1451年，哥倫布生于意大利一個港口城市。少年
時代他就喜愛航海，對地理表現出極大的興趣。這些激勵他開始了海
員生涯。
　　哥倫布決心橫渡大西洋，開辟一條直通東印度群島的航線。經過
不懈的嘗試，他終于獲得了西班牙國王和王后的資助。1492年8月3
日，他和約90名船員分乘三艘船從西班牙出發。這次航行中他們飽經
患難：航行時間超過預期，食物儲備不足，還有一艘船嚴重漏水，船
上所有人都命懸一線。人們都陷入了恐慌。不顧所有挑戰，哥倫布設
法憑借自己的知識和勇敢確保每個人都平安越過海洋。終于，10月12
日那天，有船員看到遠方的陸地。哥倫布深信來到了東印度群島，便
將生活在島上的土著人稱為印第安人。然而，他們所到達的海岸其實
屬于加勒比海地區，而不是東印度群島。
　　1493年到1504年間，哥倫布又先后三次出航，途中發現了更多陸
地。這位偉大探險家最大的貢獻是“發現”新大陸。他的發現激勵了
諸如詹姆斯·庫克船長這樣的探險家去探索和發現世界更廣大的區域。
他的航海活動開啟了大航海時代的新篇章，那是一個見證許多重大地
理發現的時期。這一時期也實現了思想和文化的國際交流。
文本透析·剖語篇
助力語篇理解
2
第一步：析架構，理文本脈絡
Read the passage quickly and fill in the blanks with suitable words.
第二步：精讀文，達明察秋毫
Read the passage carefully and choose the best answer.
1. What can we learn about Zheng He’s voyages from the first two
paragraphs？（　　）
A. All the ships were over 140 metres in length.
B. Zheng He made seven voyages in the name of the Qing Dynasty.
C. Some details of the voyages were recorded.
D. It took 500 years for the fleet to sail the seas.
2. What was found in Nanjing and proved that Zheng He’s voyages were
not legends？（　　）
A. A ship over 140 meters.
B. A record of that time.
C. An ancient shipwreck.
D. An enormous shipyard.
3. Which of the following is NOT the challenge during Christopher
Columbus’s journey？（　　）
A. The bad weather during the journey.
B. The longer time of the journey.
C. One of the ships was leaking badly.
D. The shortage of food.
4. Which of the following characters helped Christopher Columbus get out
of danger？（　　）
A. Kind and determined.
B. Brave and modest.
C. Humorous and clever.
D. Knowledgeable and courageous.
5. We can conclude from the story of Christopher Columbus
that 　　　　.（　　）
A. one is never too old to learn
B. nothing is impossible to a willing heart
C. the longest journey begins with the first step
D. one minute on the stage needs ten years’ practice off stage
第三步：通詞句，學語言表達
1. 詞匯學習——循規律，記單詞
（1）動詞＋（t）ure→名詞
①depart→departure 離開，起程
②press→pressure 壓力；擠壓；壓強
③fail→failure 失敗；失敗的人（或事物）
④mix→mixture 混合；結合體
⑤expose→exposure 面臨，遭受；揭露；報道
（2）名詞＋-en→動詞
①strength→strengthen 加強，增強
②fright→frighten 嚇唬；使驚嚇；使驚恐
③length→lengthen 變長；（使）加長；（使）伸長
④height→heighten 加高；提高
⑤threat→threaten 威脅；恐嚇；危及
2. 美句欣賞——賞佳句，品用法
which引導非限制性定語從句，先行詞可以是前面整個主句，此時
定語從句的位置不能放在整個句子的句首。
請在課文中找出幾處which引導的非限制性定語從句的句子，背誦
并翻譯。
（1）原句：


翻譯：

A fleet of over 200 ships navigated the blue seas， with
almost 28，000 people on board，which was a splendid
scene.　
其船隊有船200余艘，載著近兩萬八千人，在碧海上
乘風破浪，場面極其壯觀。　
（2）原句：


翻譯：

As a teenager， he loved sailing， and he showed great
interest in geography， which inspired him to begin his career as
a seaman.　
少年時代他就喜愛航海，對地理表現出極大的興
趣。這些激勵他開始了海員生涯。　
（3）原句：



翻譯：


The journey was full of challenges： it took longer than
expected， they faced a shortage of food， and one of the ships
was leaking badly， which put everyone on this ship in grave
danger.　
這次航行中他們飽經患難：航行時間超過預期，
食物儲備不足，還有一艘船嚴重漏水，船上所有人都命懸
一線。　
第四步：析難句，清閱讀障礙
1. A fleet of over 200 ships navigated the blue seas， with almost 28，000
people on board， which was a splendid scene.
句式分析
自主翻譯

其船隊有船200余艘，載著近兩萬八千人，在碧海上乘風
破浪，場面極其壯觀。　
2. The final proof came when an enormous shipyard was discovered in
Nanjing， where the fleet had been built.
句式分析
自主翻譯

后來，鐵證出現了，在南京發現了一個巨大的造船廠，
當年鄭和的船便在此處建造。　
3. Columbus called the natives living on the islands Indians because he
was convinced that he was in the East Indies.
句式分析
自主翻譯

哥倫布深信來到了東印度群島，便將生活在島上的土著
人稱為印第安人。　
第五步：拓視野，育思維品質
1. What factors made the voyages of Zheng He and Columbus so
successful？ （Critical Thinking 批判性思維）






　Zheng He： advanced technology； ship-building skills；his
navigation skills；learning from others by treating them in a friendly
manner　
　Columbus：loving sailing；great interest in geography；his passion
for exploration； financial support； being brave and knowledgeable；
overcoming many challenges　
2. What have you learnt about the spirit of exploration from the articles？
（Creative Thinking 創造性思維）







　The spirit of exploration is extraordinarily strong in humans and it is
an important part of our existence.It is human nature to discover new
things and we are not afraid of hardship or danger.This kind of spirit
encourages us to try new things and push the limits of what is
possible.In our daily lives， if we were not willing to explore new
things or take risks， we might lose many chances to expand our
understanding of the world.　
核心知識·巧突破
探究課堂重點
3
Part Ⅰ　核心詞匯集釋
convince vt.使確信，使相信；說服，勸說
【教材原句】　“It is clear，” he said， “that there is only one way to
convince you. We must conduct an experiment.” 他說：“顯然，只有
一種方法可以令你們信服。我們必須做個實驗。”
【用法】
（1）convince sb of sth 　　　使某人相信某事
convince sb to do sth 說服某人做某事
convince sb that ... 使某人確信……
（2）convinced adj.　 　堅信的，確信的
be convinced of/that ... 確信……，相信……
（3）convincing adj.　有說服力的，使人信服的
convincingly adv.　令人信服地，有說服力地
【佳句】　I hope I can convince you to stop by and visit us in New
York.
我希望我能說服你到紐約來拜訪我們。
He tried to convince me of the truth of the news but he couldn’t provide
convincing proof.Therefore， it seemed that he didn’t speak
convincingly.
他盡力使我相信這個消息的真實性，但他無法提供令人信服的證據，
所以他的說法似乎沒有說服力。
【練透】　單句語法填空
①There is now a （convince） evidence that smoking
causes lung cancer.
②I’ve been trying to convince him （see） a doctor.
③We are convinced the next Olympic Games will be a better
success.
④I’m firmly convinced the significance of honesty， which will
contribute to building a warm and harmonious society.
convincing　
to see　
that　
of　
【寫美】　句式升級
⑤I’m convinced that you like paper-cutting， so I’d like to invite you
to visit the exhibition.
→ ， I’d like to invite you to
visit the exhibition.（動詞-ed形式作狀語）
Convinced that you like paper-cutting　
on behalf of 代表（或代替）；為幫助；為了
【教材原句】　Between 1405 and 1433， on behalf of the Ming
Dynasty， Zheng He made a total of seven voyages.1405年到1433年期
間，鄭和代表明朝總共進行了七次航行。
【用法】
（1）on one’s behalf 　　　代表某人
in behalf of sb 為幫助某人
（2）represent sb 代表某人
stand for 代表，象征
【佳句】　On behalf of everyone here I want to thank you for your help.
我代表在場的各位感謝你的幫助。
Kate gave a piano concert on behalf of a charity.
凱特為幫助一個慈善機構舉辦了一場鋼琴演奏會。
【練透】　單句語法填空
①On behalf the Students’ Union， I’m writing to invite you to
attend a lecture next Wednesday.
②Mr King can’t be here， so his wife will accept the prize his
behalf.
【寫美】　句型轉換
③Representing all our team members， I am writing to invite you to join
us.
→ all our team members， I am writing to invite you to
join us.
of　
on　
On behalf of　
load vt.& vi.裝上，裝入 n.負載；承載量；大量
【教材原句】　His ships were loaded with china， silk， tea and other
treasures as gifts for foreign rulers ...
他的船滿載瓷器、絲綢、茶葉和其他奇珍異寶作為饋贈異邦君王的禮
品……
【用法】
（1）load up　　　　　 　　裝載；載滿貨物
load ...with ... 用……裝載……；
使……負擔……
be loaded with 裝載著……
load ...into/onto ... 把……裝入（到）……；使……負擔……
（2）take a load off one’s mind
　打消某人的顧慮，卸下心頭的負擔
loads of＝a load of 大量的；許多的
【佳句】　I wish I could grow up as quickly as possible so that I can
lighten my parents’ load.
我希望我能盡快長大，這樣我就能減輕父母的負擔。
Jack loaded all the groceries into his car.
杰克把所有的食品雜貨裝進了他的汽車。
【練透】　單句語法填空
①Youth provides us with inspiring articles， through which we can
exchange our feelings with friends， and take a load our mind.
②It will take more than two hours to load all the goods the
truck.
③Thirty-six trucks were loaded some 100 tons of dried milk and
bandages.
off　
into/onto　
with　
【寫美】　完成句子
④Even though I ， I’ll
spend some free time having sports so that I can keep fit and dynamic.
即使我有很多功課要做，我也會花一些空閑時間做運動，這樣我就能
保持健康和精力充沛。　（應用文寫作之體育鍛煉）
have loads of/a load of schoolwork to do　
strengthen vt.& vi.加強，增強
【教材原句】　Zheng He’s efforts helped develop and
strengthen harmonious relations with these countries and
regions， exposing foreign people to Chinese culture， and
allowing the Chinese to better understand overseas lands.鄭和的努
力有助于發展和鞏固中國與這些國家和地區的和睦關系，促進中
國文化的對外傳播，也增進中國對海外諸邦的了解。
【用法】
（1）strengthen one’s belief 　　增強某人的信念
strengthen the economy 加強經濟
（2）strength n. 力量，體力，力氣；優勢，優點；長處
strengths and weaknesses　優勢和劣勢，優點和缺點
have the strength to do sth 有力量/意志做某事
build up one’s strength/body 增強某人的體力
with all one’s strength 用盡全力
（3）strong adj.　強壯的；強大的；強烈的；堅決的
strongly adv.　強烈地；堅固地；強有力地
【佳句】　Repairs are necessary to strengthen the bridge.
這座橋需要加固。
【練透】　單句語法填空
①He threw the boy toward the bank of the river with all his
（strong）.
②As a good teacher， you should know your students’
（strength） and weaknesses.
③One idea is that sleep helps us （strong） new
memories.
④It is （strong） recommended that the machines should be
checked every year.
strength　
strengths　
strengthen　
strongly　
【寫美】　完成句子
⑤When reaching the top of the mountain， I hardly
.
當到達山頂時，我幾乎連移動雙腳的力氣都沒有了。
have the strength to
move my feet　
dismiss vt.不予考慮，對……不屑一提；去除，摒除；解雇；解散
【教材原句】　For many years， some historians dismissed the records
of these voyages as legends.
多年來，一些歷史學家把這些航海記錄當作傳說而不予理會。
【用法】
（1）dismiss sth from one’s mind 從思想上摒除某事
dismiss sb from ...把某人從……（職位）解雇/免職；消除，摒除
（思想、感情等）
dismiss sb for sth 因某事解雇某人
（2）dismissal n. 解雇，開除，撤職；不予考慮，不予理會；摒
棄；駁回（訴訟），不予受理
【佳句】　The suggestion should not be dismissed out of hand.這個建議
不應當直接就被摒棄。
【練透】　單句語法填空
①She was dismissed her job because he did private job in the
company.
②The boss had to dismiss him from the post his violating the
company’s rules.
③His （dismiss） has no connection with the quality of his
work.
【寫美】　完成句子
④ ， she climbed higher.
她消除了恐懼，爬得更高了。
from　
for　
dismissal　
Dismissing her fears　
acknowledge vt.承認（權威、地位）；承認（屬實）；（公開）感
謝
【教材原句】　Zheng He’s accomplishments are now widely
acknowledged， and he is remembered as one of China’s most
influential explorers.鄭和的成就現在受到廣泛認可，他也作為中國最
具影響力的探險家之一被世人銘記。
【用法】
（1）acknowledge doing/having done sth 承認做（過）某事
acknowledge ... to be/as ... 　認為……是……；承認……是……
it is generally/universally/widely acknowledged that ... 　 ……是大家
公認的；人們普遍認為……
（2）acknowledgement n.　　承認；確認；感謝；收件復函
in acknowledgement of 作為對……的認可/感謝
【佳句】　It is universally acknowledged that the film is not only
instructive but also full of passion.
＝The film is universally acknowledged to be not only instructive but also
full of passion.
大家普遍認為這部電影不僅具有教育意義，而且充滿激情。
【練透】　單句語法填空
①He is acknowledged one of the best basketball players in the
world.
② is widely acknowledged that health is the most important to
everyone.
③Tom acknowledged
（defeat） in the English speech competition held last week in the lecture
hall， which made us quite depressed.
as　
It　
being defeated/having been defeated　
【寫美】　完成句子
④ the shortest
distance between persons is a sincere smile.
人們普遍認為，人與人之間最短的距離是真誠的微笑。
⑤ ， without whom I couldn’t
have made such great progress in English.
我感謝我的英語老師，沒有他我不可能在英語方面取得如此巨大
的進步。
It is generally/universally/widely acknowledged that　
I acknowledge my English teacher　
influential adj.有很大影響力的，有支配力的
【用法】
（1）be influential in （doing） sth　　　對（做）某事頗有影響
（2）influence n. 影響；作用；影響力；支配力
vt. 影響；對……起作用
under the influence of ... 在……的影響下
under one’s influence 在某人的影響下
have （an） influence on/upon ...　對……有影響
influence sb to do sth 影響某人去做某事
【佳句】　He is one of the most influential performers of modern jazz.
他是現代爵士樂最有影響力的表演者之一。
【練透】　單句語法填空
①The bad weather influenced them （finish） the task in
time.
②Do you believe that we can have an important influence
anyone we meet？
③Confucius is regarded as one of the most figures in
Chinese history.He greatly the development of China’s
culture and education.（influence）
to finish　
on/upon　
influential　
influenced　
【寫美】　完成句子
④Watching TV for a long time
children’s health.
長時間看電視對孩子的健康有很大的影響。
has a great influence on/upon　
insist vi.& vt.堅決要求，堅持；堅持說
【教材原句】　Columbus insisted on searching for a direct sea route to
the East Indies by sailing across the Atlantic Ocean.
哥倫布決心橫渡大西洋，開辟一條直通東印度群島的航線。
【用法】
（1）insist on/upon （doing） sth　堅持（做）某事
（2）insist
that
【佳句】　In conclusion， so long as you insist on doing so， you will
reap a harvest.
總而言之，只要你堅持這么做，你就會有收獲。
The teacher insisted that every minute should be made full use of to get
well prepared for the final exam.
老師堅決要求充分利用每一分鐘為期末考試做好準備。
【練透】　單句語法填空
①He also insisted that they （leave） enough space
for children.
②The man insisted finding a taxi for me even though I told
him I lived nearby.
【寫美】　完成句子
③Insisting that ， the old lady insisted that
he .
老太太堅持說那名男子偷了車，堅持要把他送到警察局。
（should） leave　
on/upon　
the man had stolen the car　
（should） be sent to the police　
panic n.驚恐，恐慌 vi.& vt.（panicked， panicked） （使）驚慌，
（使）驚慌失措
【教材原句】　The men on board were in panic.船上的人們都陷入了
恐慌。
【用法】
（1）in panic 　　　　　　　驚慌地，慌亂中
get into a panic 驚慌失措
（2）panic sb into doing sth 使某人因驚慌做某事
panic over/about ... 對……驚慌
【佳句】　I felt very nervous and had to force myself not to panic.
我感到非常緊張，不得不強迫自己不要驚慌。
Don’t get into a panic when you are in a dangerous situation.身處險境
時，不要陷入驚慌。
【點津】　panic的過去式、動詞-ed形式和動詞-ing形式都要把c變成
ck，再加-ed或-ing。
【練透】　單句語法填空
①The first time I made a speech in public， I （panic）.
②There’s no point getting a panic about the exam.It’s not as
difficult as you imagine.
③The war broke out and many people were panicked into
（leave） the country.
【寫美】　完成句子
④Shoppers fled the mall when the earthquake occurred.
地震發生時，購物者驚慌失措地逃離了商場。
panicked　
into　
leaving　
in panic　
Part Ⅱ　中頻詞匯特訓
allow for使成為可能；考慮到，把……計算在內
【教材原句】　This period also allowed for an international exchange of
ideas and cultures.
這一時期也實現了思想和文化的國際交流。
【用法】
allow of　　　　　容許有……的可能
account for 解釋；說明；占……比例
answer for 對……負責；因……受到譴責
long for 期盼；渴望
【佳句】　You should always allow for the possibility that it might rain.
你一定要考慮到下雨的可能。
【練透】　選用上面短語完成句子
①African-Americans 12％ of the US population.
②How I a long conversation with you！
③One day， you’ll have to what you’ve done today.
④The facts one explanation.
account for　
long for　
answer for　
allow of　
Part Ⅲ　重點句型解構
句型公式：keep＋賓語＋賓語補足語
【教材原句】　Regardless of all the challenges， Columbus managed to
keep everyone out of danger with his knowledge and bravery across the
ocean.
不顧所有挑戰，哥倫布設法憑借自己的知識和勇敢確保每個人都平安
越過海洋。
【用法】
“keep＋賓語＋賓語補足語”結構：
（1）keep＋賓語＋adj./adv.（表示狀態）
（2）keep＋賓語＋動詞-ing形式（賓語與賓語補足語之間為邏輯上
的主謂關系）
（3）keep＋賓語＋動詞-ed形式（賓語與賓語補足語之間為邏輯上的
動賓關系）
（4）keep＋賓語＋介詞短語（表示狀態）
【品悟】　Keeping things in the lab clean and organized can help
provide a safer environment.保持實驗室里的物品整潔有序有助于提供
一個更安全的環境。
【寫美】　完成句子
①What do you do to ？
你做什么使自己看起來氣色不錯并感覺舒服？
②We must of what is going on in our
class.
我們必須讓我們的老師知道班里正在發生的事情。
③He always .
他一直使車保持良好狀況。
keep yourself looking good and feeling good　
keep our teachers informed　
keeps the car in good condition　
課時檢測·提能力
培育學科素養
4
維度一：品句填詞
根據所給單詞的首字母或漢語提示，寫出單詞的正確形式。
1. When he looks at the menu， an a look quickly appears on
his face.
2. The car salesman tried to c me to buy an expensive electric
car.
stonished　
onvince　
3. Just d those thoughts from your mind — they’re crazy and not
worth thinking about.
4. You should plan your r in advance， using main roads as far as
possible.
5. The medical professor even i on testing the medicine on
themselves to make sure that it was safe.
6. She got into a （恐慌） when she thought she’d forgotten
the tickets.
ismiss　
oute　
nsisted　
panic　
7. How you （裝上） the truck impacts the safety of the
goods， yourself， and the motorists around you.
8. To her pride， her son has been （隊長） of the school
basketball team already.
9. The plan for a new office building went ahead （不顧）
of local opposition.
10. We would like to remind all our guests to leave their keys at reception
before they （離開）.
load　
captain　
regardless　
depart　
維度二：詞形轉換
用括號內單詞的正確形式填空。
1. The different parts of the picture form a （harmony）
whole.
2. The organization’s aim is to （strength） the cultural
ties between China and Europe.
3. She wanted to work for a bigger and more
（influence） newspaper.
4. The job of a wealth management professional is to teach people what
they should and should not do in their （finance） lives.
harmonious　
strengthen　
influential　
financial　
5. It is （astonish） how little Americans understand
Chinese history.
6. In the past， people in rural areas died because of
（short） of medicine.
7. There is （convince） evidence that listening to loud
music can do great harm to our hearing.
8. Guests are requested to vacate their rooms by noon on the day
of （depart）.
astonishing　
shortage　
convincing　
departure　
9. The mistakes were corrected in a （subsequently）
edition of the book.
10. In the past， （navigate） depended on a knowledge
of the positions of the stars.
subsequent　
navigation　
維度三：固定搭配和句式
根據漢語及括號內提示完成下列句子。
1. 聽到我的話，戴維顫抖地轉過身來，淚水從眼中溢出。（with復合
結構）
Hearing my words， David turned around trembling
.
2. 我是最佳志愿者的原因是我英語說得流利。（表語從句）
I’m the best person to be a volunteer
I speak English fluently.
with tears
spilling out of his eyes　
The reason why　
is that　
3. 昨天班主任請了一天假，因此我們的班長代他參加了會議。（on
behalf of）
Our head teacher took a day off yesterday， so our monitor attended the
meeting .
4.200公里以外的北京都感到了地震。（which引導的非限制性定
語從句）
The earthquake was felt in Beijing，
.
on behalf of him　
which is more than two hundred
kilometres away　
5. 上個月我參觀了一家公司，我哥哥在那里工作。（where引導的非
限制性定語從句）
I paid a visit to a company last month，
.
6. 三天后他就去了北京。（before引導時間狀語從句）
It he went to Beijing.
where my brother is/was
working　
was three days before　
維度四：課文語法填空
閱讀課文內容，在空白處填入1個適當的單詞或括號內單詞的正確
形式。
Zheng He
　　Zheng He set sail from Taicang 1. his first voyage in
1405.During the next 28 years he made seven voyages
altogether.2. （load）with china， silk， tea and other gifts
for foreign rulers， his fleet paid friendly visits to over 30 countries and
regions.While Zheng He’s team were sailing， the navigators took
on　
Loaded　
compass readings， kept logs of their voyages 3. charted the
coast.His voyages helped China develop and strengthen relations with the
countries and regions on which he set foot.With his accomplishments
widely acknowledged， Zheng He 4. （remember）
as one of the most influential explorers in China.
and　
is remembered　
　　Christopher Columbus
　　Christopher Columbus， 5. was born in a port city of Italy
in 1451， loved sailing and geography， which inspired him to become a
sailor.Thanks to financial support from the King and Queen of Spain， he
left Spain with three ships 6. （carry） about 90 crewmen on
3 August 1492.Columbus overcame numerous 7.
（challenge） during the journey and finally reached the shores of the
Caribbean， which 8. （mistake） for those of the
East Indies.
who　
carrying　
challenges　
were mistaken　
　　From 1493 to 1504， more land was found by Columbus over the
course of his three 9. （subsequence）voyages.His
“discovery” of the New World 10. （strong） encouraged
lots of explorers to continue the exploration.
subsequent　
strongly　
Ⅰ.閱讀理解
A
　　Life beneath the sea surface can be lovely and lively. But many
organisms （生物體） there produce poisonous chemicals to keep away
from predators.Divers are now collecting such poisons as candidate drugs
for human medicine.
　　Sharks aren’t the scariest things in the ocean for scientists who dive
to work. Powerful currents， created where the ocean floor drops away，
can be just as deadly. But the scientists who work underwater train to deal
with these dangers. The rewards of research and underwater adventure are
greater than the risks.
　　The sea may seem like a strange place to look for new drugs. But
organisms in the ocean have had to adapt to a tough environment. The
chemicals they make for survival might help people， too. More than 50
years ago， scientists discovered a new anti-cancer drug in a sea sponge.
Since then， researchers have been hunting the seas for more of such
useful natural products.
　　With the help of underwater robots and small submarines， scientists
are searching the seas — from shallow reefs to the oceans’ great depths.
　　Microbes living in the Arctic’s cold waters break down their food
using more different ways than organisms on land do. This process of
turning food into energy for growth， activities and reproduction is called
metabolism （新陳代謝）. These pathways also produce chemicals called
“secondary metabolites”. One day they might also help people.
　　During a four-year project called PharmaSeas， scientists made
thousands of extracts from those seafloor samples. In about a dozen of
them， researchers found mixtures that can kill bacteria that some of
today’s antibiotics cannot. Yet another mixture may reduce the symptoms
of Alzheimer’s disease.
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。海底的生命是可愛且充滿活力的，
但是許多海洋生物都會產生有毒的化學物質來抵御捕食者。海洋生
物所產生的有毒化學物質對人類很有用，科學家們現在正在尋找其
中可以用于治療人類疾病的化學物質。
本文是一篇說明文。海底的生命是可愛且充滿活力的，
但是許多海洋生物都會產生有毒的化學物質來抵御捕食者。海洋生
物所產生的有毒化學物質對人類很有用，科學家們現在正在尋找其
中可以用于治療人類疾病的化學物質。
1. Why do some sea organisms produce poisonous chemicals？（　　）
A. To struggle for existence.
B. To benefit other creatures.
C. To change their environment.
D. To hide themselves in the sea.
解析：　細節理解題。根據第一段中的But many organisms （生
物體） there produce poisonous chemicals to keep away from
predators.可知，許多海洋生物會產生有毒的化學物質來抵御捕食
者，也就是說，海洋生物產生有毒的化學物質是為了生存。
2. What may threaten scientists’ lives when they work underwater
according to the text？（　　）
A. The darkness in the deep ocean.
B. Dangerous animals and currents.
C. Poisonous chemicals in the water.
D. The ocean floors dropping away quickly.
解析：　細節理解題。根據第二段第一、二句可知，對于需要潛
水工作的科學家來說，鯊魚并不是海洋中最可怕的東西，因海底落
差產生的強大洋流也同樣是致命的。由此可知，當科學家在水下工
作時，危險的動物和洋流會威脅他們的生命。
3. What is special about the mixtures from seafloor samples？（　　）
A. They have the same effects as today’s medicine.
B. They can treat many diseases.
C. They have unique functions.
D. They can kill all bacteria.
解析：　推理判斷題。根據最后一段最后兩句可知，科學家們在
來自海底的樣本里發現了混合物，它們可以殺死現在的一些抗生素
不能殺死的細菌。有一種混合物還能減輕阿爾茨海默病的癥狀。由
此可推知，這些來自海底樣本的混合物有特殊的功能。
4. Which of the following can be a suitable title for the passage？（　　）
A. Living Resources in the Ocean
B. Dangers of Diving in the Sea
C. Future Sources of Medicines
D. Diving for New Medicines
解析：　標題歸納題。根據全文內容尤其是第一段最后一句可
知，本文主要講述了科學家們潛到海里收集各種海洋生物產生的化
學物質，用于制作人類藥物。因此D項（潛水尋找新藥）適合作文
章標題。
B
　　A team of scientists plans to explore a little-known part of the
ocean.The scientists will enter what they call the “Midnight Zone” of
the Indian Ocean.It is an area at a depth of about 1，000 meters below the
surface where light does not reach.The project is expected to begin on 16
March and to last about five weeks.The scientists aim to explore huge
underwater mountains also known as seamounts.
　　The scientists involved in the project are part of Nekton， an ocean
research group that works with the University of Oxford in Britain.They
are working with the Seychelles’ and Maldives’ governments in an
effort to protect ocean areas.
　　Oliver Steeds is the director of the Nekton effort.He told the
Associated Press that the area his team will explore is home to many forms
of life.“What we do know is that beneath 1，000 meters， there’s no
light down there， but a lot of animals ...are shining，” he said.
　　The Nekton scientists will be using one of the most modern deep sea
submarines （潛水艇） in the world.It is named Limiting Factor.
　　Last August， the Limiting Factor completed another project： to
dive to the deepest point in each of the world’s five oceans.That effort
was called the Five Deeps Expedition.The deepest of these dives took the
submarine to nearly 11，000 meters below sea level.
　　Robert McCallum is the leader of the expedition.He said vehicles that
can dive deep into the ocean are rare.
　　The scientists will use sensors and mapping technology to identify
new species and landforms deep beneath the sea.But， they also want to
observe the effects humans have on the deep sea environment.They will be
trying to measure the presence of plastic pollution and possible effects of
climate change.
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。一些科學家將潛入印度洋1000米的
深處，探索人類活動對海洋的影響。
本文是一篇說明文。一些科學家將潛入印度洋1000米的
深處，探索人類活動對海洋的影響。
5. What is the purpose of Nekton？（　　）
A. To protect the sea.
B. To explore seamounts.
C. To discover new species.
D. To research ocean animals.
解析：　推理判斷題。根據第二段可知，Nekton是一個海洋研究
小組，其根本目的是保護海洋。
6. What is special about the “Midnight Zone”？（　　）
A. It’s complete dark.
B. There are some lights.
C. It’s 11，000 meters deep.
D. There are no plants or animals.
解析：　細節理解題。根據第三段可知，雖然海底1 000米深處自
然光無法到達，但是一些海洋動物自身會發光。
7. What do we learn about the Limiting Factor？（　　）
A. It will be used for the first time.
B. It met with some failure last year.
C. It can take people travel around the world.
D. It can reach as deep as nearly 11，000 meters.
解析：　細節理解題。根據倒數第三段可知，這種潛水艇可以潛
入到海底接近11000米的深處。
8. What do the scientists want to know through the research？（　　）
A. How new species live in the ocean.
B. How human activities affect the sea.
C. What makes life possible under the sea.
D. What effects the ocean has on Earth.
解析：　細節理解題。根據最后一段可知，科學家的主要目的是
發現新的海洋生物，同時了解人類活動（塑料污染及氣候變化）對
海洋環境的影響。
Ⅱ.閱讀七選五
　　Beginning with Chinese efforts to explore and connect with Central
Asia， the Silk Road consisted of massive small routes and was named
after the silk cloth the Chinese produced.9.（　　） Through these
routes， Chinese silk， porcelain （瓷器）， lacquer work （漆器） and
ironware were shipped to the West， while pepper， flax， spices， grape
and pomegranate entered China.
　　10. （　　） They promoted flow of knowledge as well.Arab
astronomy， calendar and medicine found their way to China， while
China’s four great inventions and silkworm breeding spread to other parts
of the world.11.（　　） For example， Buddhism originated in India，
blossomed in China and was enriched in Southeast Asia.Confucianism，
which was born in China， gained appreciation by European thinkers such
as Leibniz and Voltaire.Herein lies the appeal of mutual learning.
　　The ancient Silk Road witnessed the busy scenes of visits and trade
over land and ships calling at ports.Along these major routes， capital，
technology and people flowed freely.12.（　　） The ancient prosperous
cities and ports developed， so did the Roman Empire as well as Parthia
and Kushan Kingdoms.The Han and Tang Dynasties of China entered the
golden age.The ancient Silk Road brought prosperity to these regions and
contributed to their development.
　　Some regions along the ancient Silk Road used to be a land of milk
and honey.Yet today， these places are often associated with conflict，
crisis and challenge.13.（　　） Now， the Belt and Road Initiative
intends to build an open platform of cooperation and a broad community of
shared interests.It will not only achieve economic growth and balanced
development， but also connect different civilizations.Mutual
understanding， mutual respect， and mutual trust among different
countries will be boosted.
A. More importantly， ideas were also exchanged.
B. The ancient silk routes were not only for trade.
C. Goods， resources and benefits were widely shared.
D. Such state of affairs should not be allowed to continue.
E. However， silk was just one of many goods traded on these routes.
F. Large empires provided stability and protection for the trade routes.
G. The Silk Road was never an actual road， or even a single massive
trade route.
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了絲綢之路的發展歷史和
意義。
本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了絲綢之路的發展歷史和
意義。
9. E　根據上文可知，絲綢之路是由中國生產的絲綢命名的；根據空
后一句可知，通過這些路線，中國的絲綢、瓷器、漆器和鐵器被運往
西方，而辣椒、亞麻、香料、葡萄和石榴進入中國。故E項（然而，
絲綢只是在這些路線上被交易的許多商品之一）承上啟下，符合語
境。silk是詞匯復現。
10. B　根據空后一句可知，絲綢之路也促進了知識交流，下文提到
中國與西方的科技發明與思想文化也有了互相交流的機會。故B項
（古代絲綢之路不僅是為了貿易）符合語境，空后的They指代B項中
的The ancient silk routes。
11. A　根據空后列舉的Buddhism和Confucianism可知，絲綢之路也有
助于文化和思想的交流。故A項（更重要的是，還交流了觀點）引出
下文，符合語境。
12. C　空前提到絲綢之路見證了沿途各港口貿易繁忙的景象，絲綢
之路沿途的主要干線上，資本、技術和人口可以自由流動；空后提到
這些古代的繁華城市和港口都得以發展。故C項（商品、資源和利益
被廣泛分享）符合語境。
13. D　空前一句說明“然而今天，這些地方往往與沖突、危機和挑
戰聯系在一起”。故D項（這種狀況不應被容許繼續下去）符合語
境，D項中的Such state of affairs指代空前一句中陳述的狀況。
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