資源簡介

Section Ⅲ　Integrated skills
Ⅰ.閱讀理解
A
　　It’s fascinated us for centuries， inspiring astronomers， science fiction writers and more than a few star-gazing entrepreneurs （凝視星空的企業家） who have plans to launch their own missions to Mars.But will we really ever land on the red planet where a year lasts 687 days？
　　After the Apollo Moon missions in the 1970s， sending astronauts to Mars seemed the next logical step， but it would be a “giant leap”.At this point， the success rate of our robot missions does not inspire confidence.Russia has launched 21 Mars rockets to date， including five unmanned landers， but only two orbiters completed their missions.The US has been more successful， losing only five out of 23 missions.Clearly， some more work is needed before we can consider sending humans to Mars.
　　But， sooner or later， we will go.And one thing that can be done in the meantime is to test human psychological endurance （承受力） for such a mission.These testing conditions have been simulated （模擬） on Earth in order to evaluate their effect on people.One example is Mars 500， a Russian/European/Chinese project carried out between 2007 and 2011 in an isolation facility in a Moscow car park.It ended after a 520-day stay by six volunteers.They claimed to have stayed in good health throughout， but some avoided exercise and hid from their co-workers， and four had difficulty sleeping.
　　Mars Society president Robert Zubrin has a mission plan that， he believes， will be safer and cheaper than any other.It involves launching an unmanned Earth Return Vehicle （ERV） that would land on Mars and use solar or nuclear power and imported hydrogen to produce methane （甲烷） and oxygen from Martian CO2.In other words， rocket fuel.This means that humans would set out once they knew there would be a fuelled return vehicle waiting for them on Mars.And because most of the fuel for the return trip would be made on Mars， Zubrin believes huge energy and cost savings could be made.
1.What does the author think of our robot missions to Mars so far？（　?。?br/>A.They are inspiring.
B.They are improving.
C.They are unnecessary.
D.They are unsatisfactory.
2.What was the purpose of Mars 500 according to Paragraph 3？（　?。?br/>A.To study how teamwork matters in space missions.
B.To enhance the psychological qualities of astronauts.
C.To compare the differences between Earth and Mars.
D.To find out how conditions on Mars may impact humans.
3.What does the underlined word “This” in the last paragraph refer to？（　?。?br/>A.The unique feature of Martian CO2.
B.The strong fuel delivery of return vehicles.
C.The ability to produce rocket fuel on Mars.
D.The successful launch of an unmanned ERV.
4.What is the best title for the text？（　?。?br/>A.Does Life Really Exist on Mars？
B.Will We Ever Set Foot on Mars？
C.Is Living on Mars Even a Good Idea？
D.Why Are We So Fascinated with Mars？
B
　　In the hours after Hurricane Katrina struck America in 2005， destroying large parts of New Orleans， the people co-ordinating （協調） the disaster response urgently needed satellite pictures to show them what they were facing.The first images to come in were not from the satellites launched by NASA or the space agencies of other developed countries.They were sent to Earth by a small Nigerian satellite that had been launched from Russia just two years earlier.
　　The small object is Nigeria’s first satellite and only the second launched by a sub-Saharan （撒哈拉沙漠以南的） African country.South Africa’s SUNSAT is the region’s first satellite， which was built by students at Stellenbosch University and got a free ride on a NASA rocket.In 2019 another five African countries launched satellites， bringing its total in orbit that year to 41.At least 20 African countries now have space programmes.
　　Space in Africa， a consultancy based in Nigeria， estimates that African governments budgeted about $500m for their space agencies in 2020.That is a sliver of the $23bn spent last year by NASA， but it still marked a big jump from the $325m they spent in 2019.African governments argue that their investments in space programmes help to build local skills that can attract investment and affect other areas of the economy.The Square Kilometre Array （SKA）， an internationally funded radio telescope being built in South Africa， will pull in almost $2.3bn of investment and is creating thousands of jobs.It is also inspiring youngsters to study engineering.
　　African countries missed out on the big shift in the world’s economy in the 1990s， when manufacturing （制造業） moved from developed countries to those countries in Asia， because they were not nimble enough to open their economies and attract investment.Now they are entering the space industry just as it is being disturbed by new arrivals， who are making small satellites that cost a tiny part of the price of big ones.That offers a rare opportunity to countries and companies responsive enough to grasp it.
5.Why is Hurricane Katrina mentioned in Paragraph 1？（　?。?br/>A.To stress its serious damage to America.
B.To praise Russia’s immediate assistance.
C.To show Africa’s progress in the space race.
D.To demonstrate NASA’s significant influence.
6.What can we say about the SUNSAT？（　?。?br/>A.It was worth as much as $500m in total.
B.It was the first launched South African satellite.
C.It was sent into space by South Africa independently.
D.It was made by students at Stellenbosch University in 2019.
7.What can be inferred about the SKA？（　?。?br/>A.It is still up in the air.
B.It is a win-win project.
C.It will soon run out of funds.
D.It will make Africa a super continent.
8.What does the underlined word “nimble” in the last paragraph mean？（　?。?br/>A.Flexible. B.Foolish.
C.Independent. D.Unfortunate.
C
　　Born in 1918， in the little town of White Sulphur Springs， West Virginia， Katherine Johnson was simply attracted by numbers.As a child， she counted everything.She counted the steps to the road， the steps up to the church， the number of dishes she washed ...By the time she was 10 years old， she was a high school freshman， which was truly amazing in a time when school for African-Americans normally stopped at eighth grade.To fulfil her maths potential， her father drove his family 120 miles to Institute， West Virginia， where blacks could continue high school education.Johnson’s excellent performance proved her father’s decision was the right one：Katherine skipped grades （跳級） to graduate from high school at 14 and from college at 18.
　　In 1953， after years as a teacher and later as a stay-at-home mum， she began working for NASA， which began hiring women to measure and calculate the results of wind tunnel （風洞） tests in 1935.In a time before the electronic computers， these women were called the “computer”.Even after NASA began using electronic computers， the astronaut John Glenn requested that Katherine should personally recheck the calculations made by the new electronic computers before his flight.
　　She continued to work at NASA until 1986.Her calculations proved momentous to the success of the Apollo moon-landing programme and the United States’ journey into space.Her story was the basis for the 2016 film Hidden Figures.
　　Katherine Johnson， a great mathematician， physicist， space scientist and the last “computer” that wore skirts， passed away on 24 February 2020.
9.What can be learnt from Paragraph 1？（　　）
A.Katherine left high school at eighth grade.
B.Katherine was gifted in maths as a child.
C.Katherine was required to count in her childhood.
D.African-Americans had a good education in the 1920s.
10.How long did Katherine work at NASA？（　?。?br/>A.For 18 years.　　　　　B.For 33 years.
C.For 51 years. D.For 81 years.
11.Which best explains the underlined word “momentous” in Paragraph 3？（　?。?br/>A.Important. B.Successful.
C.Dangerous. D.Harmful.
12.What’s the best title for the text？（　?。?br/>A.Scientists at NASA
B.Katherine Johnson’s Education
C.A Great Mathematician’s Decision
D.Katherine Johnson， a Computer That Wore Skirts
D
　　The surface of Mars is etched （蝕刻） with ancient river valleys and lake basins.Some researchers think that liquid water once flowed on the Red Planet.Today， Mars is too cold for much， if any， liquid water to exist.And 3.8 billion years ago， when the flowing water formed， the sun was fainter than it is today， making it even harder to imagine a warm Martian climate.That’s why many researchers think Mars may have gone in and out of deep freezes.
　　Some researchers have suggested that early Mars only melt when large asteroid （小行星） impacts or volcanic eruptions temporarily warmed the planet.But Kasting， a geologist at Pennsylvania State University， thinks warm windows from such dramatic events would have been too brief to carve the vast valleys that exist on Mars.Now， Kasting and his colleagues have come up with an alternative explanation：They think Mars may have experienced a series of climate cycles caused by changes in the strength of the greenhouse effect.
　　The idea goes like this：When Mars was cold and frozen， volcanoes continued to erupt the greenhouse gases carbon dioxide and hydrogen into the atmosphere.There， the gas blanket trapped heat and warmed the planet up until liquid water began to flow， forming Mars’ rivers and lakes.However， warm temperatures and abundant water would also have sped up certain chemical reactions that consumed carbon dioxide， mitigating the greenhouse effect and cooling the planet back down again.Then the cycle would repeat.
　　Kasting shared his theory with other astronomers at the December meeting of the American Geophysical Union in San Francisco， and in the journal Earth and Planetary Science Letters.So far， Kasting’s team has only shown that such an explanation is possible.But the researchers say field trips could help test the idea by looking for evidence of multiple warm events， and their duration.
13.What made researchers believe that liquid water once existed on Mars？（　　）
A.The colour of the planet.
B.The geological features of Mars.
C.The temperatures of the sun.
D.The natural climate of Mars.
14.Which idea may Kasting agree with？（　?。?br/>A.Large asteroids had no impact on Mars.
B.Volcanic eruptions were very frequent on Mars.
C.There were no carbon dioxide and hydrogen on Mars.
D.The vast valleys on Mars couldn’t be formed in a short time.
15.What does the underlined word “mitigating” in Paragraph 3 mean？（　?。?br/>A.Reducing. B.Imitating.
C.Predicting. D.Enhancing.
16.Which of the following might confirm Kasting’s theory？（　?。?br/>A.The publication of the journal.
B.The future Mars missions.
C.The design of the climate model.
D.The cooperation with astronomers.
Ⅱ.閱讀七選五
　　 Now， imagine we’re deep space explorers and we’ve found something out in space that is both extremely heavy and very small.This mysterious object would pull so powerfully that nothing inside could escape to the outside.17.（　　） Again imagine we stay in our spaceship at a safe distance and make a movie of this black hole.18.（　?。?We would instead see the black hole eat anything that came too close.We get lucky： as we watch， the black hole swallows an entire star！
　　Our movie， titled Black Hole Eats a Star gets a million views online.19.（　?。?In the movie played backwards， we’d see a very heavy， very small object just sitting there — and then， all of a sudden， spit out an entire star！ The object we’re looking at now， which spits everything out and eats nothing， would be called a white hole.
　　Are there white holes？We have good evidence from our telescopes that black holes really do exist.20.（　?。?That astronomers think about white holes is because of Albert Einstein.He came up with an excellent idea about gravity.His theory describes how black holes work， with their huge gravitational pull and also says white holes are possible.So could our universe actually make a white hole？ 21.（　?。?Probably not.Something can be “possible” as an idea， but also extremely unlikely in real life.
　　White holes are unlikely because they are an “in reverse” kind of thing.Time in our universe only flows in one direction：forward.So for now， white holes are just an interesting possibility.
A.This kind of object is a black hole.
B.Is there a white hole in the universe？
C.Now picture yourself near a black hole.
D.However， we’ve never seen a white hole.
E.And could a black hole become a white hole？
F.We’d never see anything escape from the black hole.
G.But now imagine what would happen if we played it in reverse.
Ⅲ.應用文寫作
　　你班于上周五集體回顧了中國航天員在中國空間站講授的“天宮課堂”系列課程，并計劃在下周英語課上請幾位同學分享觀看心得。請你用英語寫一篇發言稿，談談你的觀后感。
注意：1.寫作詞數應為80左右；
2.可以適當增加細節，以使行文連貫。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
Section Ⅲ　Integrated skills
Ⅰ.
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章圍繞人類對火星的探索展開探討。
1.D　推理判斷題。根據第二段中的At this point， the success rate ...sending humans to Mars.可知，目前，送往火星的機器人的任務成功率無法讓人產生信心，并以俄羅斯和美國為例進行說明。作者還提到，很明顯，在我們考慮將人類送上火星之前，還有很多工作需要完成。由此推知，作者認為到現在為止，機器人完成的任務并不令人滿意。
2.D　細節理解題。根據第三段中的But， sooner or later ...One example is Mars 500可知，我們遲早會前往火星，與此同時，我們能做的一件事就是考驗人類對火星探索任務的心理承受能力。我們已經在地球上對火星環境進行了模擬，目的就是評估其對人類的影響，其中一個例子是火星500項目。由此可知，Mars 500的目的就是了解火星上的環境是如何影響人類的。
3.C　代詞指代題。根據最后一段中的It involves launching an unmanned ...rocket fuel.可知，Robert Zubrin的計劃是：發射一臺無人駕駛的地球返回器（ERV）到火星上，并使用太陽能或核能和輸入氫氣，利用火星的二氧化碳制作甲烷和氧氣，也就是火箭燃料。畫線詞所在句子緊承上文，“能夠在火星上制作火箭燃料”也就意味著，一旦人類知道火星上會有一臺帶燃料的返回器等著他們，他們就能出發。
4.B　標題歸納題。作者在第一段提出問題：But will we really ever land on the red planet ...？之后又分別介紹了目前的火星探索結果差強人意、人類為未來的火星之旅作出的準備以及火星協會主席提出的火星探索計劃。全文都在圍繞第一段的這個問題展開，故B項為本文最佳標題。
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了非洲國家在太空探索方面所作出的努力。
5.C　細節理解題。根據第一段內容可知，一顆尼日利亞小型衛星發送回來的圖片幫了大忙。由此可見，作者在此提及卡特里娜颶風是為了說明非洲在太空競賽中取得的進步。
6.B　細節理解題。根據第二段中的South Africa’s SUNSAT is the region’s first satellite可知，南非的SUNSAT衛星是撒哈拉以南地區的第一顆衛星，言外之意它也是首次發射的南非衛星。
7.B　推理判斷題。根據第三段最后兩句可知，這個名為SKA的巨型射電望遠鏡陣列是一個對各方都有益的項目。
8.A　詞義猜測題。根據最后一段第一句可知，非洲國家錯過了20世紀90年代世界經濟的重大轉變，當時制造業從發達國家向亞洲國家轉移，而非洲國家的政策不夠靈活，并未開放經濟、吸引投資。由此可知，nimble意為“靈活的”。
語篇解讀：本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述了偉大的數學家、物理學家、太空科學家和被稱為“最后一臺穿裙子的計算機”的凱瑟琳·約翰遜憑借自己的數學天賦為美國國家航空航天局作出重要貢獻的故事。
9.B　細節理解題。根據第一段中的As a child， she counted everything.和To fulfil her maths potential可知，凱瑟琳從小就有數學天賦。
10.B　細節理解題。根據第二段中的In 1953 ...she began working for NASA及第三段中的She continued to work at NASA until 1986.可知，1953年她開始為美國國家航空航天局工作，直至1986年結束，一共是33年。
11.A　詞義猜測題。根據第二段最后一句可知，即使在使用電子計算機之后，宇航員約翰·格倫也要求凱瑟琳親自進行再次核對。由此可知，她的計算結果非常有價值。因此她的計算對阿波羅登月計劃的成功和美國的太空之旅至關重要。
12.D　標題歸納題。通讀全文可知，本文按照時間線索，講述了被稱為“最后一臺穿裙子的計算機”的凱瑟琳·約翰遜每個階段的優異表現和主要事跡，全文主要講述她憑借自己的數學天賦為美國國家航空航天局作出的重要貢獻。因此D項為本文最佳標題。
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文?；鹦巧显浻幸簯B水，那它是怎么形成的呢？科學家們提出了新的猜想。
13.B　細節理解題。根據第一段前兩句可知，火星的地質特征，即表面存在古老水道蝕刻的痕跡，讓研究人員認為火星上曾經有液態水。
14.D　細節理解題。根據第二段第二句可知，Kasting認為，突發事件帶來的溫暖期太過短暫，不足以形成火星上巨大的峽谷。
15.A　詞義猜測題。根據畫線詞所在句上半句可知，高溫和充足的水分加速了二氧化碳的消耗，二氧化碳減少就會減緩溫室效應，從而使火星溫度下降。所以mitigating為“減少，減緩”之意。
16.B　推理判斷題。根據最后一段最后一句可知，研究人員認為，未來的火星任務進行的實地考察或許可以發現氣候反復變暖的證據來幫助證明這個理論。
Ⅱ.
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了宇宙中是否存在白洞的問題。
17.A　根據空前和空后一句可知，上文所說的神秘的物體就是下文中提到的黑洞。故A項（這種物體就是黑洞）符合語境。
18.F　空后一句表達的是“我們會看到黑洞吞掉任何靠得太近的東西”，故F項（我們永遠看不到任何東西從黑洞中逃脫）符合語境。
19.G　下文提到了倒放的電影，空后的backwards與G項中的played it in reverse都表示倒放，意義一致，故G項（但是現在想象一下，如果我們反過來播放會發生什么）符合語境。
20.D　根據空前兩句可知，黑洞的存在確實有證據，D項（然而，我們卻從沒有見過白洞）符合語境。
21.E　根據上文So could our universe actually make a white hole？以及下文Probably not.可知，設空處應該是一個針對白洞的設問句且與白洞的產生有關，故E項（黑洞會變成白洞嗎？）符合語境。
Ⅲ.
　　Today， I’d like to share my thoughts on the Tiangong Class series we reviewed last Friday.It was a truly eye-opening and inspiring experience.
　　The lectures delivered by Chinese astronauts were nothing short of engaging where they demonstrated how they live and work inside the space station.What struck me most was the experiments they conducted in microgravity.It’s fascinating to see science come alive in a weightless environment.
　　This special encounter with space has deepened my appreciation for the wonders of space and China’s remarkable accomplishments， encouraging me to do my best to reach for my own stars.
5 / 5Section Ⅲ　Integrated skills
寫一篇關于外星人的故事
　　本單元的寫作任務是根據所給漫畫展開合理想象，寫一篇關于外星人的故事。此類寫作文體為想象類的科幻故事，屬于記敘文。寫作時要充分發揮想象力和創造力，精心設計故事的背景、人物和情節。必須通過細致的觀察和豐富的想象進行生動形象的描寫，以便給讀者留下深刻的印象。在進行背景描寫時，可使用一些形容詞來烘托心情。情節是此類故事的核心，務必注意故事中的人物及各種沖突的場景設置。
　　要寫好想象類作文，應注意以下幾點：
1.觀察生活，熟悉生活。想象不是胡編亂造，而要基于實際生活。只有熟悉生活，仔細地觀察生活，才能有想象的原材料。
2.明確中心思想，展開想象。動筆寫想象類作文之前要先明確中心思想，即寫作目的。在這個基礎上列出提綱，寫出段落主題句。寫主題句時要注意：一個段落只能有一個主題句；主題句必須精練、具體化；盡可能選擇恰當、高級的詞語進行概括。
3.想象美好，立意深刻。想象類作文必須有一個積極的中心思想。如果只是編造一個熱鬧離奇的故事，作文就失去了意義。
4.前后照應，符合邏輯。不管想象的空間有多大，都要做到符合邏輯，條理清晰，這對于寫好此類文章尤其重要。
5.語言規范，表達地道。選用自己熟悉的詞匯和句型寫作。
一、寫作常用詞匯
1.spaceship n.　　　 　　宇宙飛船
2.alien n. 外星人
3.scary adj. 令人害怕的
4.frozen adj. 嚇呆的；驚呆的
5.monster n. 怪物
6.hide v. 隱藏
7.a deserted street 一條荒蕪的街道
8.a strange noise 一個奇怪的聲音
9.come across 偶遇
10.all of a sudden 突然
11.run away 逃跑
12.the monster’s heavy footsteps
怪物沉重的腳步
13.hold one’s hand out 把手伸出來
14.feel relieved 感到寬慰的；放心的
二、寫作常用句式（注意加黑部分的表達）
1.開頭常用句
①I was having supper when I caught sight of a shining UFO flying in the sky.
我正在吃晚飯，突然看見一個發光的不明飛行物在天空中飛行。
②Out of the UFO came a strange creature with a big head and eyes.從不明飛行物里出來一個長著大腦袋和大眼睛的奇怪生物。
2.主體常用句
①I was very frightened and could do nothing but stand there， frozen.
我非常害怕，只能一動不動地站在那里。
②Hardly had he seen me when he smiled and walked towards me.
他一看見我就微笑著向我走來。
③It flew so fast that I was almost scared to death.它飛得那么快，差點把我嚇死。
④We talked a lot about space in a friendly atmosphere.在友好的氛圍中，我們談論了許多關于太空的話題。
3.結尾常用句
①What a wonderful and unforgettable experience it was！
這是一次多么美好和難忘的經歷啊！
②I’ll never forget this fantastic experience.
我永遠不會忘記這次奇妙的經歷。
　　假定你是李華，昨天晚上你做夢夢見了外星人，請你給你的朋友Tom寫一封郵件，講述這個有趣的夢。
注意：1.寫作詞數應為80左右；
2.請按如下格式作答。
Dear Tom，
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
Yours，
　　Li Hua
第一步：審題謀篇，合理布局
第二步：遣詞造句，規范得體
◎核心詞匯
1.外星人　　　　　　　　　　　　
2.著陸 　　　　　　　
3.偶遇 　　　　　　　
4.睡著 　　　　　　　
5.叫醒某人 　　　　　　　
◎遣詞造句
1.我寫信是想告訴你我的有趣的夢。（非謂語動詞）
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
2.在夢中我偶遇了一位外星人。（一般過去時）
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
3.做完作業后，我太累了，馬上就睡著了。（非謂語動詞；so）
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
4.突然，我看到一個不明飛行物降落在院子里。（場景描寫；一般過去時）
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
5.一個外星人出來了，他看起來又高又壯，有兩個頭和三只眼睛。（并列句；完全倒裝；with復合結構）
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
6.當看到這個外星人朝我走來時，我驚呆了，動彈不得。（情感描寫；復合句）
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
7.外星人好像在說什么來跟我打招呼，但是我聽不懂。（并列句；非謂語動詞）
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
8.就在那時，一聲巨響把我叫醒了。（場景描寫）
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
第三步：詞句升級，彰顯文采
1.將句1和句2合并為含有非限制性定語從句的句子
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
2.將句3改為so ... that ...句型
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
3.將句5改為含有非限制性定語從句的句子
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
第四步：檢查謄寫，連句成篇
Dear Tom，
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
Yours，
Li Hua
【即時演練】
　　假定你是李華，上周五的晚上，你在回家的路上偶遇了外星人。你的好朋友Jenny對此事很感興趣，請你給Jenny寫一封郵件介紹此事。
注意：1.寫作詞數應為80左右；
2.請按如下格式作答。
Dear Jenny，
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
Yours，
　　Li Hua
Section Ⅲ　Integrated skills
【典例體驗·提素能】
第二步
核心詞匯
1.alien　2.land　3.come across　4.fall asleep　5.wake sb up
遣詞造句
1.I’m writing to tell you my interesting dream.
2.I came across an alien in the dream.
3.After finishing my homework， I was very tired so I fell asleep immediately.
4.Suddenly， I saw a UFO land in the yard.
5.Out came an alien and he looked tall and strong with two heads and three eyes.
6.When I saw the alien walking towards me， I was too astonished to move.
7.The alien seemed to be saying something to greet me but I couldn’t understand it.
8.Just at that time， a loud noise woke me up.
第三步
1.I’m writing to tell you my interesting dream， in which I came across an alien in the dream.
2.After finishing my homework， I was so tired that I fell asleep immediately.
3.Out came an alien， who looked tall and strong with two heads and three eyes.
第四步
Dear Tom，
　　I’m writing to tell you my interesting dream， in which I came across an alien in the dream.
　　After finishing my homework， I was so tired that I fell asleep immediately. Suddenly， I saw a UFO land in the yard. Out came an alien， who looked tall and strong with two heads and three eyes. When I saw the alien walking towards me， I was too astonished to move. The alien seemed to be saying something to greet me but I couldn’t understand it. Just at that time， a loud noise woke me up. It was my alarm clock.
　　Do you think my dream is interesting？ Write to me about your dream.
Yours，
Li Hua
即時演練
Dear Jenny，
　　I’m writing to tell you something about my encounter with an alien.
　　Last Friday， I was walking home at about 11 p.m. when I found a huge round object flying in the sky. After a few seconds， it landed on the ground in front of me. To my great astonishment， an alien walked out of it. The alien has two big eyes， four arms and four legs. Just at that moment， the alien noticed me and disappeared with its UFO.
　　Even today， I can’t believe what happened on that day.
Yours，
Li Hua
4 / 4(共71張PPT)
Section Ⅲ　Integrated skills
寫一篇關于外星人的故事
1
寫作指導·增底蘊
目 錄
2
典例體驗·提素能
3
課時檢測·提能力
寫作指導·增底蘊
儲備寫作素材
1
　　本單元的寫作任務是根據所給漫畫展開合理想象，寫一篇關于外
星人的故事。此類寫作文體為想象類的科幻故事，屬于記敘文。寫作
時要充分發揮想象力和創造力，精心設計故事的背景、人物和情節。
必須通過細致的觀察和豐富的想象進行生動形象的描寫，以便給讀者
留下深刻的印象。在進行背景描寫時，可使用一些形容詞來烘托心
情。情節是此類故事的核心，務必注意故事中的人物及各種沖突的場
景設置。
　　要寫好想象類作文，應注意以下幾點：
1. 觀察生活，熟悉生活。想象不是胡編亂造，而要基于實際生活。只
有熟悉生活，仔細地觀察生活，才能有想象的原材料。
2. 明確中心思想，展開想象。動筆寫想象類作文之前要先明確中心思
想，即寫作目的。在這個基礎上列出提綱，寫出段落主題句。寫主
題句時要注意：一個段落只能有一個主題句；主題句必須精練、具
體化；盡可能選擇恰當、高級的詞語進行概括。
3. 想象美好，立意深刻。想象類作文必須有一個積極的中心思想。如
果只是編造一個熱鬧離奇的故事，作文就失去了意義。
4. 前后照應，符合邏輯。不管想象的空間有多大，都要做到符合邏
輯，條理清晰，這對于寫好此類文章尤其重要。
5. 語言規范，表達地道。選用自己熟悉的詞匯和句型寫作。
一、寫作常用詞匯
1. spaceship n. 宇宙飛船
2. alien n. 外星人
3. scary adj. 令人害怕的
4. frozen adj. 嚇呆的；驚呆的
5. monster n. 怪物
6. hide v. 隱藏
7. a deserted street 一條荒蕪的街道
8. a strange noise 一個奇怪的聲音
9. come across 偶遇
10. all of a sudden 突然
11. run away 逃跑
12. the monster’s heavy footsteps 怪物沉重的腳步
13. hold one’s hand out 把手伸出來
14. feel relieved 感到寬慰的；放心的
二、寫作常用句式（注意加藍部分的表達）
1. 開頭常用句
①I was having supper when I caught sight of a shining UFO flying in
the sky.
我正在吃晚飯，突然看見一個發光的不明飛行物在天空中飛行。
②Out of the UFO came a strange creature with a big head and eyes.
從不明飛行物里出來一個長著大腦袋和大眼睛的奇怪生物。
2. 主體常用句
①I was very frightened and could do nothing but stand there，
frozen.
我非常害怕，只能一動不動地站在那里。
②Hardly had he seen me when he smiled and walked towards me.
他一看見我就微笑著向我走來。
③It flew so fast that I was almost scared to death.
它飛得那么快，差點把我嚇死。
④We talked a lot about space in a friendly atmosphere.
在友好的氛圍中，我們談論了許多關于太空的話題。
3. 結尾常用句
①What a wonderful and unforgettable experience it was！這是一次
多么美好和難忘的經歷??！
②I’ll never forget this fantastic experience.
我永遠不會忘記這次奇妙的經歷。
典例體驗·提素能
點撥寫作技法
2
　　假定你是李華，昨天晚上你做夢夢見了外星人，請你給你的朋友
Tom寫一封郵件，講述這個有趣的夢。
注意：1.寫作詞數應為80左右；
2. 請按如下格式作答。
Dear Tom，
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
Yours，
　　Li Hua
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
第一步：審題謀篇，合理布局
第二步：遣詞造句，規范得體
◎核心詞匯
1. 外星人
2. 著陸
3. 偶遇
4. 睡著
5. 叫醒某人
alien　
land　
come across　
fall asleep　
wake sb up　
◎遣詞造句
1. 我寫信是想告訴你我的有趣的夢。（非謂語動詞）

2. 在夢中我偶遇了一位外星人。（一般過去時）

3. 做完作業后，我太累了，馬上就睡著了。（非謂語動詞；so）


I’m writing to tell you my interesting dream.　
I came across an alien in the dream.　
　After finishing my homework， I was very tired so I fell asleep
immediately.　
4. 突然，我看到一個不明飛行物降落在院子里。（場景描寫；一般過
去時）

5. 一個外星人出來了，他看起來又高又壯，有兩個頭和三只眼睛。
（并列句；完全倒裝；with復合結構）


Suddenly， I saw a UFO land in the yard.　
　Out came an alien and he looked tall and strong with two heads and
three eyes.　
6. 當看到這個外星人朝我走來時，我驚呆了，動彈不得。（情感描
寫；復合句）


7. 外星人好像在說什么來跟我打招呼，但是我聽不懂。（并列句；非
謂語動詞）


8. 就在那時，一聲巨響把我叫醒了。（場景描寫）

　When I saw the alien walking towards me， I was too astonished to
move.　
　The alien seemed to be saying something to greet me but I couldn’t
understand it.　
Just at that time， a loud noise woke me up.　
第三步：詞句升級，彰顯文采
1. 將句1和句2合并為含有非限制性定語從句的句子


2. 將句3改為so ... that ...句型


3. 將句5改為含有非限制性定語從句的句子


　I’m writing to tell you my interesting dream， in which I came
across an alien in the dream.　
　After finishing my homework， I was so tired that I fell asleep
immediately.　
　Out came an alien， who looked tall and strong with two heads and
three eyes.　
第四步：檢查謄寫，連句成篇
Dear Tom，
　　

　　 　I’m writing to tell you my interesting dream， in which I came
across an alien in the dream.　
　　






　　

Yours，
Li Hua
　　 　After finishing my homework， I was so tired that I fell asleep
immediately. Suddenly， I saw a UFO land in the yard. Out came an
alien， who looked tall and strong with two heads and three eyes. When I
saw the alien walking towards me， I was too astonished to move. The
alien seemed to be saying something to greet me but I couldn’t
understand it. Just at that time， a loud noise woke me up. It was my
alarm clock.　
　　 　Do you think my dream is interesting？ Write to me about your
dream.　
【即時演練】
　　假定你是李華，上周五的晚上，你在回家的路上偶遇了外星
人。你的好朋友Jenny對此事很感興趣，請你給Jenny寫一封郵件介
紹此事。
注意：1.寫作詞數應為80左右；
2. 請按如下格式作答。
Dear Jenny，
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
Yours，
　　Li Hua
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
參考范文：
Dear Jenny，
　　I’m writing to tell you something about my encounter with an alien.
　　Last Friday， I was walking home at about 11 p.m. when I found a
huge round object flying in the sky. After a few seconds， it landed on the
ground in front of me. To my great astonishment， an alien walked out of
it. The alien has two big eyes， four arms and four legs. Just at that
moment， the alien noticed me and disappeared with its UFO.
　　Even today， I can’t believe what happened on that day.
　　 Yours，
Li Hua
課時檢測·提能力
培育學科素養
3
Ⅰ.閱讀理解
A
　　It’s fascinated us for centuries， inspiring astronomers， science
fiction writers and more than a few star-gazing entrepreneurs （凝視星空
的企業家） who have plans to launch their own missions to Mars.But will
we really ever land on the red planet where a year lasts 687 days？
　　After the Apollo Moon missions in the 1970s， sending astronauts to
Mars seemed the next logical step， but it would be a “giant leap”.At
this point， the success rate of our robot missions does not inspire
confidence.Russia has launched 21 Mars rockets to date， including five
unmanned landers， but only two orbiters completed their missions.The
US has been more successful， losing only five out of 23
missions.Clearly， some more work is needed before we can consider
sending humans to Mars.
　　But， sooner or later， we will go.And one thing that can be done in
the meantime is to test human psychological endurance （承受力） for
such a mission.These testing conditions have been simulated （模擬） on
Earth in order to evaluate their effect on people.One example is Mars
500， a Russian/European/Chinese project carried out between 2007 and
2011 in an isolation facility in a Moscow car park.It ended after a 520-day
stay by six volunteers.They claimed to have stayed in good health
throughout， but some avoided exercise and hid from their co-workers，
and four had difficulty sleeping.
　　Mars Society president Robert Zubrin has a mission plan that， he
believes， will be safer and cheaper than any other.It involves launching
an unmanned Earth Return Vehicle （ERV） that would land on Mars and
use solar or nuclear power and imported hydrogen to produce methane
（甲烷） and oxygen from Martian CO2.In other words， rocket
fuel.This means that humans would set out once they knew there would be
a fuelled return vehicle waiting for them on Mars.And because most of the
fuel for the return trip would be made on Mars， Zubrin believes huge
energy and cost savings could be made.
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章圍繞人類對火星的探索展開探
討。
本文是一篇說明文。文章圍繞人類對火星的探索展開探
討。
1. What does the author think of our robot missions to Mars so far？
（　?。?br/>A. They are inspiring.
B. They are improving.
C. They are unnecessary.
D. They are unsatisfactory.
解析：　推理判斷題。根據第二段中的At this point， the success
rate ...sending humans to Mars.可知，目前，送往火星的機器人的
任務成功率無法讓人產生信心，并以俄羅斯和美國為例進行說明。
作者還提到，很明顯，在我們考慮將人類送上火星之前，還有很多
工作需要完成。由此推知，作者認為到現在為止，機器人完成的任
務并不令人滿意。
2. What was the purpose of Mars 500 according to Paragraph 3？
（　?。?br/>A. To study how teamwork matters in space missions.
B. To enhance the psychological qualities of astronauts.
C. To compare the differences between Earth and Mars.
D. To find out how conditions on Mars may impact humans.
解析：　細節理解題。根據第三段中的But， sooner or
later ...One example is Mars 500可知，我們遲早會前往火星，與此
同時，我們能做的一件事就是考驗人類對火星探索任務的心理承受
能力。我們已經在地球上對火星環境進行了模擬，目的就是評估其
對人類的影響，其中一個例子是火星500項目。由此可知，Mars
500的目的就是了解火星上的環境是如何影響人類的。
3. What does the underlined word “This” in the last paragraph refer to？
（　?。?br/>A. The unique feature of Martian CO2.
B. The strong fuel delivery of return vehicles.
C. The ability to produce rocket fuel on Mars.
D. The successful launch of an unmanned ERV.
解析：　代詞指代題。根據最后一段中的It involves launching an
unmanned ...rocket fuel.可知，Robert Zubrin的計劃是：發射一臺
無人駕駛的地球返回器（ERV）到火星上，并使用太陽能或核能和
輸入氫氣，利用火星的二氧化碳制作甲烷和氧氣，也就是火箭燃
料。畫線詞所在句子緊承上文，“能夠在火星上制作火箭燃料”也
就意味著，一旦人類知道火星上會有一臺帶燃料的返回器等著他
們，他們就能出發。
4. What is the best title for the text？（　　）
A. Does Life Really Exist on Mars？
B. Will We Ever Set Foot on Mars？
C. Is Living on Mars Even a Good Idea？
D. Why Are We So Fascinated with Mars？
解析：　標題歸納題。作者在第一段提出問題：But will we really
ever land on the red planet ...？之后又分別介紹了目前的火星探索
結果差強人意、人類為未來的火星之旅作出的準備以及火星協會主
席提出的火星探索計劃。全文都在圍繞第一段的這個問題展開，故
B項為本文最佳標題。
B
　　In the hours after Hurricane Katrina struck America in 2005，
destroying large parts of New Orleans， the people co-ordinating （協
調） the disaster response urgently needed satellite pictures to show them
what they were facing.The first images to come in were not from the
satellites launched by NASA or the space agencies of other developed
countries.They were sent to Earth by a small Nigerian satellite that had
been launched from Russia just two years earlier.
　　The small object is Nigeria’s first satellite and only the second
launched by a sub-Saharan （撒哈拉沙漠以南的） African
country.South Africa’s SUNSAT is the region’s first satellite， which
was built by students at Stellenbosch University and got a free ride on a
NASA rocket.In 2019 another five African countries launched satellites，
bringing its total in orbit that year to 41.At least 20 African countries now
have space programmes.
　　Space in Africa， a consultancy based in Nigeria， estimates that
African governments budgeted about $500m for their space agencies in
2020.That is a sliver of the $23bn spent last year by NASA， but it still
marked a big jump from the $325m they spent in 2019.African
governments argue that their investments in space programmes help to
build local skills that can attract investment and affect other areas of the
economy.The Square Kilometre Array （SKA）， an internationally
funded radio telescope being built in South Africa， will pull in almost
$2.3bn of investment and is creating thousands of jobs.It is also inspiring
youngsters to study engineering.
　　African countries missed out on the big shift in the world’s economy
in the 1990s， when manufacturing （制造業） moved from developed
countries to those countries in Asia， because they were not nimble enough
to open their economies and attract investment.Now they are entering the
space industry just as it is being disturbed by new arrivals， who are
making small satellites that cost a tiny part of the price of big ones.That
offers a rare opportunity to countries and companies responsive enough to
grasp it.
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了非洲國家在太空探
索方面所作出的努力。
本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了非洲國家在太空探
索方面所作出的努力。
5. Why is Hurricane Katrina mentioned in Paragraph 1？（　　）
A. To stress its serious damage to America.
B. To praise Russia’s immediate assistance.
C. To show Africa’s progress in the space race.
D. To demonstrate NASA’s significant influence.
解析：　細節理解題。根據第一段內容可知，一顆尼日利亞小型
衛星發送回來的圖片幫了大忙。由此可見，作者在此提及卡特里娜
颶風是為了說明非洲在太空競賽中取得的進步。
6. What can we say about the SUNSAT？（　?。?br/>A. It was worth as much as $500m in total.
B. It was the first launched South African satellite.
C. It was sent into space by South Africa independently.
D. It was made by students at Stellenbosch University in 2019.
解析：　細節理解題。根據第二段中的South Africa’s SUNSAT is
the region’s first satellite可知，南非的SUNSAT衛星是撒哈拉以南
地區的第一顆衛星，言外之意它也是首次發射的南非衛星。
7. What can be inferred about the SKA？（　?。?br/>A. It is still up in the air.
B. It is a win-win project.
C. It will soon run out of funds.
D. It will make Africa a super continent.
解析：　推理判斷題。根據第三段最后兩句可知，這個名為SKA
的巨型射電望遠鏡陣列是一個對各方都有益的項目。
8. What does the underlined word “nimble” in the last paragraph
mean？（　　）
A. Flexible. B. Foolish.
C. Independent. D. Unfortunate.
解析：　詞義猜測題。根據最后一段第一句可知，非洲國家錯過
了20世紀90年代世界經濟的重大轉變，當時制造業從發達國家向亞
洲國家轉移，而非洲國家的政策不夠靈活，并未開放經濟、吸引投
資。由此可知，nimble意為“靈活的”。
C
　　Born in 1918， in the little town of White Sulphur Springs， West
Virginia， Katherine Johnson was simply attracted by numbers.As a
child， she counted everything.She counted the steps to the road， the
steps up to the church， the number of dishes she washed ...By the time
she was 10 years old， she was a high school freshman， which was truly
amazing in a time when school for African-Americans normally stopped at
eighth grade.To fulfil her maths potential， her father drove his family 120
miles to Institute， West Virginia， where blacks could continue high
school education.Johnson’s excellent performance proved her father’s
decision was the right one：Katherine skipped grades （跳級） to
graduate from high school at 14 and from college at 18.
　　In 1953， after years as a teacher and later as a stay-at-home mum，
she began working for NASA， which began hiring women to measure
and calculate the results of wind tunnel （風洞） tests in 1935.In a time
before the electronic computers， these women were called the
“computer”.Even after NASA began using electronic computers， the
astronaut John Glenn requested that Katherine should personally recheck
the calculations made by the new electronic computers before his flight.
　　She continued to work at NASA until 1986.Her calculations proved
momentous to the success of the Apollo moon-landing programme and the
United States’ journey into space.Her story was the basis for the 2016
film Hidden Figures.
　　Katherine Johnson， a great mathematician， physicist， space
scientist and the last “computer” that wore skirts， passed away on 24
February 2020.
語篇解讀：本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述了偉大的數學家、物理學
家、太空科學家和被稱為“最后一臺穿裙子的計算機”的凱瑟琳·約
翰遜憑借自己的數學天賦為美國國家航空航天局作出重要貢獻的故
事。
本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述了偉大的數學家、物理學
家、太空科學家和被稱為“最后一臺穿裙子的計算機”的凱瑟琳·約
翰遜憑借自己的數學天賦為美國國家航空航天局作出重要貢獻的故
事。
9. What can be learnt from Paragraph 1？（　?。?br/>A. Katherine left high school at eighth grade.
B. Katherine was gifted in maths as a child.
C. Katherine was required to count in her childhood.
D. African-Americans had a good education in the 1920s.
解析： 　細節理解題。根據第一段中的As a child， she counted
everything.和To fulfil her maths potential可知，凱瑟琳從小就有數學
天賦。
10. How long did Katherine work at NASA？（　　）
A. For 18 years. B. For 33 years.
C. For 51 years. D. For 81 years.
解析： 　細節理解題。根據第二段中的In 1953 ...she began
working for NASA及第三段中的She continued to work at NASA
until 1986.可知，1953年她開始為美國國家航空航天局工作，直至
1986年結束，一共是33年。
11. Which best explains the underlined word “momentous” in Paragraph
3？（　　）
A. Important. B. Successful.
C. Dangerous. D. Harmful.
解析： 　詞義猜測題。根據第二段最后一句可知，即使在使用
電子計算機之后，宇航員約翰·格倫也要求凱瑟琳親自進行再次核
對。由此可知，她的計算結果非常有價值。因此她的計算對阿波
羅登月計劃的成功和美國的太空之旅至關重要。
12. What’s the best title for the text？（　?。?br/>A. Scientists at NASA
B. Katherine Johnson’s Education
C. A Great Mathematician’s Decision
D. Katherine Johnson， a Computer That Wore Skirts
解析： 　標題歸納題。通讀全文可知，本文按照時間線索，
講述了被稱為“最后一臺穿裙子的計算機”的凱瑟琳·約翰遜
每個階段的優異表現和主要事跡，全文主要講述她憑借自己的
數學天賦為美國國家航空航天局作出的重要貢獻。因此D項為
本文最佳標題。
D
　　The surface of Mars is etched （蝕刻） with ancient river valleys and
lake basins.Some researchers think that liquid water once flowed on the
Red Planet.Today， Mars is too cold for much， if any， liquid water to
exist.And 3.8 billion years ago， when the flowing water formed， the
sun was fainter than it is today， making it even harder to imagine a warm
Martian climate.That’s why many researchers think Mars may have gone
in and out of deep freezes.
　　Some researchers have suggested that early Mars only melt when large
asteroid （小行星） impacts or volcanic eruptions temporarily warmed the
planet.But Kasting， a geologist at Pennsylvania State University， thinks
warm windows from such dramatic events would have been too brief to
carve the vast valleys that exist on Mars.Now， Kasting and his
colleagues have come up with an alternative explanation：They think Mars
may have experienced a series of climate cycles caused by changes in the
strength of the greenhouse effect.
　　The idea goes like this：When Mars was cold and frozen， volcanoes
continued to erupt the greenhouse gases carbon dioxide and hydrogen into
the atmosphere.There， the gas blanket trapped heat and warmed the
planet up until liquid water began to flow， forming Mars’ rivers and
lakes.However， warm temperatures and abundant water would also have
sped up certain chemical reactions that consumed carbon dioxide，
mitigating the greenhouse effect and cooling the planet back down
again.Then the cycle would repeat.
　　Kasting shared his theory with other astronomers at the December
meeting of the American Geophysical Union in San Francisco， and in the
journal Earth and Planetary Science Letters.So far， Kasting’s team has
only shown that such an explanation is possible.But the researchers say
field trips could help test the idea by looking for evidence of multiple warm
events， and their duration.
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。火星上曾經有液態水，那它是怎么
形成的呢？科學家們提出了新的猜想。
本文是一篇說明文?；鹦巧显浻幸簯B水，那它是怎么
形成的呢？科學家們提出了新的猜想。
13. What made researchers believe that liquid water once existed on
Mars？（　?。?br/>A. The colour of the planet.
B. The geological features of Mars.
C. The temperatures of the sun.
D. The natural climate of Mars.
解析： 　細節理解題。根據第一段前兩句可知，火星的地質特
征，即表面存在古老水道蝕刻的痕跡，讓研究人員認為火星上曾
經有液態水。
14. Which idea may Kasting agree with？（　?。?br/>A. Large asteroids had no impact on Mars.
B. Volcanic eruptions were very frequent on Mars.
C. There were no carbon dioxide and hydrogen on Mars.
D. The vast valleys on Mars couldn’t be formed in a short time.
解析： 　細節理解題。根據第二段第二句可知，Kasting認
為，突發事件帶來的溫暖期太過短暫，不足以形成火星上巨大
的峽谷。
15. What does the underlined word “mitigating” in Paragraph 3 mean？
（　?。?br/>A. Reducing. B. Imitating.
C. Predicting. D. Enhancing.
解析： 　詞義猜測題。根據畫線詞所在句上半句可知，高溫
和充足的水分加速了二氧化碳的消耗，二氧化碳減少就會減緩
溫室效應，從而使火星溫度下降。所以mitigating為“減少，
減緩”之意。
16. Which of the following might confirm Kasting’s theory？（　　）
A. The publication of the journal.
B. The future Mars missions.
C. The design of the climate model.
D. The cooperation with astronomers.
解析： 　推理判斷題。根據最后一段最后一句可知，研究人員
認為，未來的火星任務進行的實地考察或許可以發現氣候反復變
暖的證據來幫助證明這個理論。
Ⅱ.閱讀七選五
　　 Now， imagine we’re deep space explorers and we’ve found
something out in space that is both extremely heavy and very small.This
mysterious object would pull so powerfully that nothing inside could
escape to the outside.17.（　　） Again imagine we stay in our
spaceship at a safe distance and make a movie of this black hole.18.
（　?。?We would instead see the black hole eat anything that came too
close.We get lucky： as we watch， the black hole swallows an entire
star！
　　Our movie， titled Black Hole Eats a Star gets a million views
online.19.（　?。?In the movie played backwards， we’d see a very
heavy， very small object just sitting there — and then， all of a sudden，
spit out an entire star！ The object we’re looking at now， which spits
everything out and eats nothing， would be called a white hole.
　　Are there white holes？We have good evidence from our telescopes
that black holes really do exist.20.（　　） That astronomers think about
white holes is because of Albert Einstein.He came up with an excellent
idea about gravity.His theory describes how black holes work， with their
huge gravitational pull and also says white holes are possible.So could our
universe actually make a white hole？ 21.（　?。?Probably
not.Something can be “possible” as an idea， but also extremely
unlikely in real life.
　　White holes are unlikely because they are an “in reverse” kind of
thing.Time in our universe only flows in one direction：forward.So for
now， white holes are just an interesting possibility.
A. This kind of object is a black hole.
B. Is there a white hole in the universe？
C. Now picture yourself near a black hole.
D. However， we’ve never seen a white hole.
E. And could a black hole become a white hole？
F. We’d never see anything escape from the black hole.
G. But now imagine what would happen if we played it in reverse.
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了宇宙中是否存在白
洞的問題。
17. A　根據空前和空后一句可知，上文所說的神秘的物體就是下文
中提到的黑洞。故A項（這種物體就是黑洞）符合語境。
18. F　空后一句表達的是“我們會看到黑洞吞掉任何靠得太近的東
西”，故F項（我們永遠看不到任何東西從黑洞中逃脫）符合語境。
19. G　下文提到了倒放的電影，空后的backwards與G項中的played it
in reverse都表示倒放，意義一致，故G項（但是現在想象一下，如果
我們反過來播放會發生什么）符合語境。
本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了宇宙中是否存在白
洞的問題。
20. D　根據空前兩句可知，黑洞的存在確實有證據，D項（然而，我
們卻從沒有見過白洞）符合語境。
21. E　根據上文So could our universe actually make a white hole？以及
下文Probably not.可知，設空處應該是一個針對白洞的設問句且與白
洞的產生有關，故E項（黑洞會變成白洞嗎？）符合語境。
Ⅲ.應用文寫作
　　你班于上周五集體回顧了中國航天員在中國空間站講授的“天宮
課堂”系列課程，并計劃在下周英語課上請幾位同學分享觀看心得。
請你用英語寫一篇發言稿，談談你的觀后感。
注意：1.寫作詞數應為80左右；
2. 可以適當增加細節，以使行文連貫。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
參考范文：
　　Today， I’d like to share my thoughts on the Tiangong Class series
we reviewed last Friday.It was a truly eye-opening and inspiring
experience.
　　The lectures delivered by Chinese astronauts were nothing short of
engaging where they demonstrated how they live and work inside the space
station.What struck me most was the experiments they conducted in
microgravity.It’s fascinating to see science come alive in a weightless
environment.
　　This special encounter with space has deepened my appreciation for
the wonders of space and China’s remarkable accomplishments，
encouraging me to do my best to reach for my own stars.
謝謝觀看！

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