資源簡介

Section Ⅱ　Grammar and usage
維度一：基礎題型練
用適當的連接詞填空。
1.　　　　　　 seems easy to some people seems difficult to others.
2.　　　　　　 she became an artist may have been due to her father’s influence.
3.　　　　　　 is interested in the activity can sign their names.
4.It doesn’t interest me 　　　　　　you succeed or not.
5.　　　　　　 she will come back school depends on her mother.
6.　　　　　　 his parents would allow him to go out for a trip was a question.
7.　　　　　　 the author referred to in his article was unknown to the general readers.
8.　　　　　　 will be our English teacher in the new term hasn’t been decided yet.
9.　　　　　　 travel agency will get the chance was discussed by school administrators.
10.　　　　　　 she didn’t attend the wedding party is that she had a headache.
維度二：語法與寫作
用主語從句完成下列句子。
1.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 ought to turn off the lights.
無論誰最后離開房間，都應該把燈關掉。
2.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 is a secret.
他昨天為什么來這里是個秘密。
3.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 doesn’t bother me too much.
她是否會來我都不太在意。
4.　　　　　　　　　　　　 the video turns out splendid.
很明顯視頻是極好的。
5.　　　　　　　　　　　　　 is enough sleep.
我們最需要的是充足的睡眠。
6.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 is known to all.
眾所周知，他能流利地說英語。
7.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 he can come to Jenny’s birthday party or not.
他是否能來參加珍妮的生日聚會還不確定。
8.　　　　　　　　　　　　 is considered the financial center of the city.
他工作的地方被認為是這座城市的金融中心。
維度三：語法與語篇
閱讀下面短文，用適當的連接詞填空。
　　Grandma has been complaining about the vegetables sold in the supermarket， which have been grown using chemical fertilisers.To her， 1.　　　　　　 they look beautiful on the outside is obvious.However， 2.　　　　　　 she is unhappy about is the lower nutritional value and reduced flavour.Now that both of my grandparents have retired from their jobs in the city， 3.　　　　　　 they are going to spend their retirement is an important decision for them.4.　　　　　　 they can live a healthy life is the first thing they are considering.So they have made up their minds to move to the countryside， where they can live a green life.
Ⅰ.閱讀理解
A
　　Valerie L.Thomas is an African-American scientist and inventor best known for her patented （獲得專利的） illusion transmitter （幻覺發射機） and contributions to NASA research.
　　Thomas was born in 1943 in Maryland.She was interested in science as a child.At the age of eight， her curiosity about how things worked inspired her to borrow a book called The Boy’s First Book of Radio and Electronics， which she took home hoping her father would help her take on some projects in it.However， he didn’t help her.
　　She attended an all-girls high school that did not help her with hands on projects either.But this changed in college， when Thomas was admitted to Morgan State University as one of the only two women in her class to major in physics.Thomas excelled in her studies.She graduated with excellent results and accepted a position as a data analyst at NASA.
　　In the 1970s， she managed the development of the image-processing systems for Landsat， the first satellite to send images to the Earth from space.In 1980， Thomas received a patent for an illusion transmitter.The device produces optical illusion images by means of two concave mirrors （凹面鏡）.Unlike flat mirrors， which produce images that appear to be inside， or behind the mirror， concave mirrors create images that appear to be real， or in front of the mirror itself.This technology was later used by NASA and has since been adapted for use in surgery （外科手術） as well as the production of television and video screens.
　　Thomas continued to work for NASA until her retirement in 1995.Over the course of her career， Thomas contributed widely to the study of space.She helped develop computer program designs that supported research on Halley’s Comet， the ozone layer， and satellite technology.For her achievements， Thomas received a number of NASA awards including the Goddard Space Flight Center Award of Merit and the NASA Equal Opportunity Medal.
1.What do we know about Thomas’ early life？（　?。?br/>A.She was talented in science.
B.She liked working with her father.
C.She lacked support for her interest.
D.She preferred to read boys’ books.
2.What does the underlined phrase “excelled in” in Paragraph 3 mean？（　　）
A.Did well in.
B.Had confidence in.
C.Was curious about.
D.Was concerned with.
3.What is the advantage of Thomas’ invention over flat mirrors？（　?。?br/>A.It takes pictures more clearly.
B.It transmits images more quickly.
C.It changes the position of the image.
D.It can send images to the Earth from space.
4.What does the last paragraph focus on？（　?。?br/>A.Thomas’ future plans.
B.Thomas’ retirement life.
C.Thomas’ research theory.
D.Thomas’ lifetime achievements.
B
　　Over the next 20 years， we are going to send more and better robots to Mars.Those robots will send back better pictures， maps， samples， and weather reports.There is a limit to what robots can tell us， though， so eventually we will have to send people to study the planet.Before people can visit Mars， we need to invent a spaceship that can take us there.Mars is very far away.Depending on where Mars and Earth are in their orbits around the Sun， it could take between six months to a year to get there.
　　The Moon is much closer.Over the next 10 years， we are going to work on building a new spacecraft that can go to the Moon.Using this craft， we will practise the skills we need to go to Mars.
　　Once we get to the Moon， we are going to build a station so that people can live and work on the Moon for months at a time.This is important so that we have a place to start from when we want to visit Mars， but it is also important because it gives us practice with living away from the Earth.
　　By the time you are old enough to be an astronaut， we will have people spending months on the Moon.By the time you are old enough to be a commander of a space mission we will be taking trips to Mars.By the time your kids are old enough to be astronauts， we may have people living on Mars.Wouldn’t it be cool to get a postcard from someone who was building a house on Mars？ Wouldn’t it be cooler if it was you who sent the postcard？
5.Why do we eventually have to send people to Mars？（　　）
A.Because the pictures that robots have sent back are not very clear.
B.Because robots can’t tell us all we want to know.
C.Because robots are controlled by us humans.
D.Because the samples robots have sent back are not good enough.
6.What can we know from the first paragraph？（　　）
A.The distance between Earth and Mars is not always the same.
B.The distance between Earth and Mars is nearly the same.
C.The distance between Earth and Mars is unchangeable.
D.The distance between Earth and Mars never changes very much.
7.Why is a space station on the Moon important？（　?。?br/>A.Because people can learn to adapt to living on other planets.
B.Because people can practice planting crops in it.
C.Because the new spacecraft can only land in it.
D.Because astronauts can practise skills they need to go to Mars.
8.The author of the passage 　　　　.（　?。?br/>A.thinks that trips to the Moon are an unrealistic dream
B.encourages kids to be astronauts
C.hopes to receive a postcard from Mars
D.is sure people’s dream of living on Mars will come true
Ⅱ.閱讀七選五
　　Space tourism， in which people pay to travel beyond Earth’s atmosphere and experience spaceflight， is becoming more popular than ever as companies like SpaceX are competing to provide the public with this experience.9.（　?。?In this article， we will look at the pros and cons （利與弊） of future space tourism.
　　Let’s talk about the benefits first.By opening up new markets and creating new opportunities for businesses， space tourism can help the space industry.10.（　?。?With more funding （資金）， there will be more research and development， which will benefit space exploration and development in the long run.
　　Besides， space tourism can lead to technological advances in rocketry， life-support systems， and space habitats.These advancements may benefit other industries on Earth.Space tourism can also generate a greater public interest in space exploration as news media follow the progress of space tourists and the companies that provide these services.11.（　?。?br/>　　Certainly， space tourism is not without drawbacks （弊端）.One of the most significant disadvantages of space tourism is its high cost.With prices reaching millions of dollars per trip， space travel is not accessible for everyone.12.（　?。?While companies have demonstrated their ability to launch and land spacecraft safely， there is always the possibility of an accident.
　　13.（　?。?While it has the potential to be a great economic and scientific opportunity， it is also a costly and potentially risky business.So， before moving forward with this new industry， it is critical to carefully consider all of its pros and cons.
A.Space tourism can also pose a safety risk.
B.This may encourage more investment in the industry.
C.Overall， there are benefits and drawbacks to space tourism.
D.There is also concern that it will harm the environment of outer space.
E.The increased interest could inspire more people to seek a career in the field.
F.Companies would need to build more spacecraft to accommodate the increased demand.
G.Still， the question of whether space tourism is a good idea has become the focus of debate.
Ⅲ.完形填空
　　When my poetry was published in the junior high school yearbook， I wanted to write.In high school， I 　14　 the newspaper staff as a novice sophomore （高二新手） amidst a sea of experienced seniors.Our journalism advisor was Mr G.As a teacher， he was always 　15　， having an extraordinary gift for reaching his students.Most importantly， he possessed the ability to breathe belief into students who may have not 　16　 themselves — including me.
　　In what I had believed to be highly 　17　 wisdom， Mr G appointed me editorial editor.Sophomores were not simply granted that level of responsibility； 　18　， sophomores were not even supposed to be on the newspaper staff at all.However， Mr G never once cared about my 　19　 as a sophomore， nor did he 　20　 me to the rest of staff members.　21　， he focused on raw talent that I did not yet see.
　　When the criticism from other staff members finally became too much， I did what any 　22　 fifteen-year-old would do： I 　23　 to give up my editor position.Mr G 　24　.He said， “You are not less talented.So， you don’t get to give up.You’re going to show them what you’ve got instead.” Left with no 　25　， I showed them.
　　“Showing them” did not exactly 　26　 my life overnight and the criticism 　27　.However， Mr G’s words forced me to stand up for myself and make myself heard.Today， I am a published author.Because of Mr G’s 　28　， my dream continues to this day.
14.（?。〢.appointed B.joined
C.visited D.helped
15.（?。〢.recognizable B.visible
C.flexible D.approachable
16.（?。〢.referred to B.shown off
C.believed in D.agreed with
17.（　）A.questionable B.collective
C.traditional D.popular
18.（　）A.as a result B.in fact
C.in return D.on the contrary
19.（　）A.warning B.standing
C.contribution D.expectation
20.（?。〢.add B.remember
C.introduce D.compare
21.（　）A.Otherwise B.Besides
C.Instead D.Therefore
22.（　）A.well-mannered B.self-approving
C.warm-hearted D.self-respecting
23.（?。〢.attempted B.failed
C.afforded D.hated
24.（?。〢.recovered B.apologized
C.adapted D.refused
25.（　）A.offer B.excuse
C.alternative D.answer
26.（?。〢.transform B.trouble
C.explain D.destroy
27.（?。〢.spread B.continued
C.worked D.mattered
28.（　）A.protection B.exception
C.advice D.promise
Ⅳ.語法填空
　　In the classic fairy tale， Hansel and Gretel dropped bread crumbs （碎屑） while 29.　　　　　　 （walk） through a forest to avoid losing their way.Rovers may one day use a similar trick 30.　　　　　　 （explore） other planets without losing their date.
　　31.　　　　　　 （typical）， if a rover loses contact with Earth for good， all the data it has gathered will be lost.To avoid this， 32.　　　　　　 （researcher） suggest using a multi-rover system.In that setup， a small rover would ride on the back of 33.　　　　　 larger “mother rover”， then jump off the mother rover to enter any uncertain territory， and drop sensors like bread crumbs behind it as it proceeds.And those sensors could wirelessly pass any 34.　　　　　 （collect） data back to the mother rover.
　　Wolfgang Fink and his team 35.　　　　　　 （publish） their work on 11 February 2023.To show the concept could work， his team built their first “bread crumb” sensors 36.　　　　　　 communicate via Wi-Fi.
The “bread crumb” strategy could also be useful here on Earth.Imagine a natural disaster， such as an earthquake.A sensor-dropping rover could 37.　　　　　　 （send） into places that are too dangerous for people to navigate （駕駛）.Even if the rover broke down， its trail of sensors could still return its observations 38.　　　　　　 search-and-rescue teams.
Section Ⅱ　Grammar and usage
基礎知識自測
維度一
1.What　2.That　3.Whoever　4.whether　5.When
6.Whether　7.What　8.Who　9.Which　10.Why
維度二
1.Whoever leaves the room last　2.Why he came here yesterday　3.Whether she is coming or not　4.It is obvious that　5.What we need most　6.That he can speak English fluently　7.It is uncertain whether　8.Where he works
維度三
1.that　2.what　3.how　4.Whether
素養能力提升
Ⅰ.
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章簡要介紹了非裔美國科學家瓦萊麗·L·托馬斯，她是一位發明家，對美國的太空研究作出了廣泛貢獻。
1.C　細節理解題。根據第二段內容以及第三段中的She attended an all-girls high school that did not help her with hands on projects either.可知，瓦萊麗·L·托馬斯在早期生活中缺乏別人對她的興趣的支持。
2.A　詞義猜測題。根據畫線短語下文She graduated with excellent results and accepted a position as a data analyst at NASA.可推知，畫線短語意為“表現良好”。
3.C　細節理解題。根據第四段中的Unlike flat mirrors， which produce images that appear to be inside ...or in front of the mirror itself.可知，托馬斯的發明相對于平面鏡的優點是它改變了圖像的位置。
4.D　段落大意題。根據最后一段中的For her achievements， Thomas received a number of NASA awards ...and the NASA Equal Opportunity Medal.可知，最后一段主要講述了托馬斯一生的成就。
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了人類對火星的探索，并對未來予以憧憬。
5.B　細節理解題。根據第一段中的There is a limit to what robots can tell us， though， so eventually we will have to send people to study the planet.可知，我們之所以需要將人類送上火星，是因為僅憑機器人，我們所掌握的信息是有限的。
6.A　推理判斷題。根據第一段最后一句可知，從地球到火星需要6至12個月的時間。由此可知，火星和地球之間的距離是不固定的。
7.A　推理判斷題。根據倒數第二段最后一句可知，空間站可以給人們提供離開地球生活的實踐經歷，說明人們在空間站可以學會適應其他星球上的生活。
8.D　推理判斷題。根據最后一段中的By the time your kids are old enough to be astronauts， we may have people living on Mars.可知，作者認為在未來，會有人在火星上生活，說明作者相信人類在火星上生活的夢想終會實現。
Ⅱ.
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了太空旅游的利與弊。
9.G　上文說明了太空旅游比以往任何時候都更受歡迎，一些公司競相為公眾提供這種體驗。下文則指出本文將介紹未來太空旅游的利與弊。G項符合語境，與上文構成讓步關系。
10.B　設空處前一句說明了太空旅游將開辟新市場，為企業創造新機會，助力航天業。設空處后一句指出：有了更多的資金，就會有更多的研發工作，從長遠來看，這將有利于太空探索和發展。B項符合語境，與下文構成因果關系。B項中的This指代設空處前一句描述的情況。
11.E　設空處前一句說明了由于新聞媒體會持續關注太空游客和提供這些服務的公司，所以太空旅游能提高公眾對太空探索的興趣。E項符合語境，對上文內容作出進一步解釋說明。E項中的The increased interest與設空處前一句中的a greater public interest相呼應。
12.A　上文介紹了太空旅游的一個顯著缺點是費用高昂。設空處后一句提到：盡管很多公司已經證明其具有安全發射并著陸航天器的能力，但事故發生的可能性始終是存在的。A項符合語境，對設空處后一句的內容進行概括說明。
13.C　設空處位于最后一段的段首，而下文提到太空旅游既可能是機遇，也可能存在風險，因此，在發展這一新行業之前，認真考慮其所有優缺點至關重要。由此可推知，設空處應是對上文內容的概括總結，故C項符合語境。
Ⅲ.
語篇解讀：本文是一篇記敘文。在Mr G的支持和鼓勵下，“我”堅持在報紙編輯團隊中磨練自己，最終成為一名真正的作家。
14.B　根據下文Mr G appointed me editorial editor可知，“我”在高二的時候加入了報紙編輯團隊。
15.D　根據下文having an extraordinary gift for reaching his students可知，Mr G十分平易近人。
16.C　根據下文Sophomores were not simply granted ...supposed to be on the newspaper staff at all可知，Mr G能夠激發那些沒有自信的學生，讓他們相信自己。
17.A　根據下文Sophomores were not simply granted ...supposed to be on the newspaper staff at all可知，“我”曾對Mr G任命“我”當社論編輯的想法表示懷疑。因為“我”認為高二年級的學生通常不被授予那種責任；事實上，高二學生根本不應該在報紙編輯團隊中任職。
18.B　參見上題解析。
19.B　根據上文Sophomores were simply not granted ...supposed to be on the newspaper staff at all.However ...可知，Mr G從未在意過“我”高二學生的身份，也從未將“我”與其他編輯團隊成員進行比較。相反，他專注于發掘連“我”自己都不了解的、天生具有的才能。
20.D　參見上題解析。
21.C　參見第19題解析。
22.D　根據下文He said “You are not less talented.So， you don’t get to give up.You’re going to show them what you’ve got instead.”可知，“我”做了任何一個有自尊心的十五歲孩子都會做的事情：“我”試圖放棄“我”的編輯職位。但Mr G拒絕了“我”。在別無選擇的情況下，“我”聽取了Mr G的建議，向其他人展示了“我”的能力。
23.A　參見上題解析。
24.D　參見第22題解析。
25.C　參見第22題解析。
26.A　根據“Showing them” did not exactly 可知，“向其他人展示”并沒有使“我”的生活在一夜之間發生改變，批評的聲音依舊不斷。
27.B　參見上題解析。
28.C　根據上文He said， “You are not less talented.So， you don’t get to give up.You’re going to show them what you’ve got instead.”可知，正是因為Mr G的建議，“我”的夢想才能延續至今天。
Ⅳ.
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。受童話故事啟發，研究人員開發了一種探索其他星球的新方法。
29.walking　考查非謂語動詞。設空處與through a forest一起作狀語，且Hansel and Gretel與walk之間是邏輯上的主謂關系，故填walking。
30.to explore　考查非謂語動詞。use sth to do sth意為“使用某物做某事”，故填to explore。
31.Typically　考查詞形轉換。設空處在句中作狀語，應用副詞，故填Typically。
32.researchers　考查名詞復數。researcher是可數名詞，在此處表泛指，且其前無冠詞，應用其復數形式，故填researchers。
33.a　考查冠詞。設空處表泛指，且larger的發音以輔音音素開頭，故填a。
34.collected　考查非謂語動詞。設空處作定語，修飾名詞data， data與collect之間為邏輯上的動賓關系，應用過去分詞。故填collected。
35.published　考查動詞的時態。設空處作謂語，根據設空后的on 11 February 2023可知，此處描述的是發生在過去的事情，應用一般過去時，故填published。
36.that/which　考查定語從句。設空處引導限制性定語從句，指代先行詞their first “bread crumb” sensors，且在從句中作主語，故填that/which。
37.be sent　考查動詞的語態。A sensor-dropping rover與send之間是被動關系，應用被動語態，且設空處前有could，故填be sent。
38.to　考查介詞。return A to B為固定搭配，意為“把A帶回、歸還、放回或送回至B”，故填to。
6 / 6Section Ⅱ　Grammar and usage
主語從句
閱讀下列句子并思考其主語和謂語在數上的關系。
1.That Hubble is based in space allows it to see further than ground-based telescopes， and it allows scientists to learn more about the universe.
2.Whether life on other planets does exist is yet to be proved， but the signs are promising ...
3.How much we will learn from the telescopes is merely limited by our imagination.
4.It is clear that telescopes are crucial tools for space exploration and that developing the required technology will help astronomers all over the world make exciting discoveries.
【我的發現】
（1）句1－3中，加黑部分都是　　　　從句，引導詞分別是　　　　　　　　　　　　。
（2）句4中，由于主語從句很長，用 　　　　作形式主語，真正的主語是后面　　　　　引導的主語從句。
一、定義
在英語中，有的從句在復合句中的作用相當于名詞，稱作名詞性從句。在主從復合句中用作主語的從句叫作主語從句。通常放在主句謂語動詞之前或由形式主語it代替，真正的主語置于句末，使句子更平衡。
That she was chosen made us very happy.
她的入選使我們很高興。
What made people excited was that the solar ship had completed around-the-world trip.
讓人們激動的是太陽能船已完成了環游世界的旅行。
It worried the woman that her son was always playing computer games.
她的兒子一直在玩電腦游戲，這讓這個女人很擔心。
二、基本用法
1.主語從句的引導詞
類別 引導詞 說明
從屬連詞 that、whether （不能用if） 兩者在從句中均不作成分，只起連接作用；that無實義，whether意為“是否”
連接代詞 what、which、 who、whoever、 whatever、 whichever等 在從句中作主語、賓語、表語、定語等成分
連接副詞 when、where、 why、how等 在從句中作時間、地點、原因、方式狀語等成分
【點津】　主語從句中引導詞的選擇技巧：
（1）根據連接詞在從句中所作的語法成分；
（2）根據連接詞在從句中的意義。
That you are coming to London is the best news I have heard this long time.
你將來倫敦是很久以來我聽到的最好的消息。
Whether it will do us harm remains to be seen.
它是否對我們有害還要看一看。
What I have seen and heard today has made a very deep impression on me.
今天我的所見所聞給我留下了非常深刻的印象。
When we will have a meeting is an important question.
我們何時舉行一次會議是個重要的問題。
Where we shall do the test is still under discussion.
我們在什么地方做這個實驗還在討論之中。
Whatever he said is right.
他所說的話都是對的。
Whoever gets the job will have a lot of things to do.
任何得到這份工作的人都將有很多事情要做。
Whichever （of you） comes in first will receive a prize.
（你們中）誰先進來誰得獎。
【即時演練1】　完成句子
①　　　　　　　　　　　　 is known now.
現在大家都已經知道他昨天生病了。
②　　　　　　　　　　　　 isn’t clear.
他是否會來這里還不清楚。
③　　　　　　　　　　　　 is still a question.
這個女人為什么會被謀殺仍然是個問題。
④　　　　　　　　　　　　 is not clear to anyone.
這事是怎樣發生的，誰也不清楚。
⑤　　　　　　　　 is welcome.
不論誰來都歡迎。
⑥　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 has broadened my horizons.
你所告訴我的關于你的國家的事情開闊了我的眼界。
2.it作形式主語
為了避免主語顯得過長，尤其是陳述句作主語時，可以用it作句子的形式主語，真正的主語從句置于句末，使句子更平衡。it作形式主語時常用于以下句型：
句型 說明
it＋連系動詞＋形容詞＋主語從句 常用形容詞有important、（un）likely、possible、necessary、natural等
it＋連系動詞＋名詞＋主語從句 常用名詞有fact、idea、honour、question、pity等
it＋連系動詞＋過去分詞＋主語從句 常用過去分詞有known、proved、said、suggested、thought、believed等
it＋不及物動詞＋主語從句 常用動詞有appear、happen、seem、occur、matter等
【點津】?。?）“it＋連系動詞be＋suggested/ordered/required/advised＋主語從句”結構中，主語從句中的謂語用“（should＋） do”；
（2）在“it＋連系動詞＋important/necessary/strange/...＋主語從句”結構中，主語從句中的謂語用“（should＋） do”。
It it quite clear that the whole project goes well.
很顯然，整個計劃進展順利。
It’s a pity that you should have to leave.
你非離開不可，真是遺憾。
It seems that it is going to rain.
看起來好像要下雨。
【即時演練2】　完成句子
①　　　　　　　　 she will do well in her exam.
很顯然，她的考試成績會很好。
②　　　　　　　　 we can’t go.
很遺憾我們不能去。
③It is very important that a student 　　　　　　　　　　　　.
學生學好英語很重要。
④It is suggested that 　　　　　　　　　.
有人建議會議延期召開。
⑤　　　　　　　　　　　　 she will come or not.
她是否來這兒無關緊要。
⑥　　　　　　　　　　 China has sent another man-made satellite successfully.
據報道中國又成功發射了一顆人造衛星。
三、應注意的問題
1.從句應用陳述語序
When we start off is an important question.
我們何時出發是個重要的問題。
How he succeeded is still a puzzle.
他是如何成功的仍然是個謎。
2.主謂一致
（1）主句謂語動詞用單數形式的情況
①單個從句作主語時
What our teacher said has left us much to think about.我們老師所說的話很令我們深思。
②兩個或多個連接詞引導一個主語從句時
When and where the conference will be held has not been decided yet.
會議將在何時何地舉行還沒定下來。
（2）主句謂語動詞用復數形式的情況：并列從句作主語。
When they will set off for London and where they will stay have not been decided yet.
他們將何時出發去倫敦以及要住在哪里還沒定下來。
（3）what引導主語從句時，有時主句謂語動詞應與主句中作表語的名詞保持一致，有時候根據具體意義而定。
What the school needs most are books.
這所學校最需要的是書。
What they need is love.他們需要的是愛。
【即時演練3】　完成句子
①Who has broken the glass 　　　　　　.
誰打破了玻璃現在還不知道。
②What he did and when he did it 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
他做了些什么和什么時候做的是我唯一想知道的事情。
③Whether the work can be completed on time 　　　　　　　　.
這項工作能否按時完成還值得懷疑。
④When they will start and where they will go 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
他們將在什么時候動身以及要去哪里還沒定下來。
⑤When and where they will hold the meeting 　　　　　　　　.
他們何時何地召開會議還不清楚。
comprise vt.包括，包含；組成，構成
【教材原句】　Run by the China National Space Administration， China’s space agency， it comprises three stages： orbiting， landing and returning.
由中國國家航天局管理，它包括三個階段：繞、落、回。
【用法】
（1）be comprised of 包括；包含；由……組成/構成 （2）consist of＝be composed of＝be made up of 包含……；由……組成/構成
【佳句】　Life is comprised of not only sunshine but also storms.
＝Life comprises not only sunshine but also storms.
＝Life is made up of not only sunshine but also storms.
＝Life consists of not only sunshine but storms.
＝Life is composed of not only sunshine but also storms.
生活不僅有陽光，而且還有暴風雨。
【練透】　完成句子
①The collection 　　　　　　　　　　　　.
這部畫冊收有327幅畫。
②This team 　　　　　　　　experienced professionals.
這個團隊由經驗豐富的專業人士組成。
【寫美】　一句多譯
③我們班由17名男生和18名女生組成。
→Our class 　　　　　　　　　　17 boys and 18 girls.（comprise）
→Our class 　　　　　　　　　　17 boys and 18 girls.（consist）
→Our class 　　　　　　　　　　17 boys and 18 girls.（compose）
→Our class 　　　　　　　　　　17 boys and 18 girls.（make up）
foundation n.基礎，根據；地基；創辦；基金會
【教材原句】　The landing of Chang’e 3 proved to be a success and how it laid the foundation for future exploration was plain to see.
“嫦娥三號”的著陸被證明是成功的，它為未來的探索奠定了怎樣的基礎是顯而易見的。
【用法】
（1）lay the foundation for 為……打下基礎 shake/rock the foundations of　　從根本上動搖…… （2）found vt. 創建；建立；把……建立在 be founded on ... 建立在……基礎上 （3）founder n. 創辦者；發起人
【佳句】　Nowadays， technology is the foundation of our daily lives.現在科技是我們日常生活的基礎。
【練透】　單句語法填空
①The contract lays solid foundation 　　　　　the cooperation of the two companies.
②This misunderstanding has shaken the foundations 　　　　　　their friendship.
【寫美】　完成句子
③Family harmony is very important as it 　　　　　　　　　　　　social stability.
家庭和諧非常重要，因為它為社會穩定打下了基礎。
Section Ⅱ　Grammar and usage
【重難語法·要攻克】
我的發現
（1）主語　That、Whether、How much?。?）It　that
即時演練1
①That he was ill yesterday　②Whether he’ll come here?、踂hy the woman was murdered　④How this happened?、軼hoever comes?、轜hat you told me about your country
即時演練2
①It is obvious that?、贗t’s a pity that?、郏╯hould） learn English well　④the meeting （should） be put off
⑤It doesn’t matter whether?、轎t is reported that
即時演練3
①is unknown?、赼re the only things I want to know
③is doubtful?、躧ave not been decided yet?、輎s not clear
【核心知識·巧突破】
1.①comprises 327 paintings?、趇s comprised of
③comprises/is comprised of； consists of； is composed of； is made up of
2.①for?、趏f?、踠ays the foundation for
6 / 6(共85張PPT)
Section Ⅱ　Grammar and usage
1
重難語法·要攻克
目 錄
3
課時檢測·提能力
2
核心知識·巧突破
重難語法·要攻克
掌握核心語法
1
主語從句
閱讀下列句子并思考其主語和謂語在數上的關系。
1. That Hubble is based in space allows it to see further than ground-
based telescopes， and it allows scientists to learn more about the
universe.
2. Whether life on other planets does exist is yet to be proved， but the
signs are promising ...
3. How much we will learn from the telescopes is merely limited by our
imagination.
4. It is clear that telescopes are crucial tools for space exploration and that
developing the required technology will help astronomers all over the
world make exciting discoveries.
【我的發現】
（1）句1－3中，加藍部分都是 從句，引導詞分別
是 。
（2）句4中，由于主語從句很長，用 作形式主語，真正的主
語是后面 引導的主語從句。
主語　
That、Whether、How much　
It　
that　
一、定義
在英語中，有的從句在復合句中的作用相當于名詞，稱作名詞性
從句。在主從復合句中用作主語的從句叫作主語從句。通常放在
主句謂語動詞之前或由形式主語it代替，真正的主語置于句末，使
句子更平衡。
That she was chosen made us very happy.
她的入選使我們很高興。
What made people excited was that the solar ship had completed around-
the-world trip.
讓人們激動的是太陽能船已完成了環游世界的旅行。
It worried the woman that her son was always playing computer games.
她的兒子一直在玩電腦游戲，這讓這個女人很擔心。
二、基本用法
1. 主語從句的引導詞
類別 引導詞 說明
從屬連
詞 that、whether （不能用if） 兩者在從句中均不作成分，只起連接作
用；that無實義，whether意為“是否”
連接代
詞 what、which、 who、whoever、 whatever、 whichever等 在從句中作主語、賓語、表語、定語等
成分
連接副
詞 when、where、 why、how等 在從句中作時間、地點、原因、方式狀
語等成分
【點津】　主語從句中引導詞的選擇技巧：
（1）根據連接詞在從句中所作的語法成分；
（2）根據連接詞在從句中的意義。
That you are coming to London is the best news I have heard this
long time.
你將來倫敦是很久以來我聽到的最好的消息。
Whether it will do us harm remains to be seen.
它是否對我們有害還要看一看。
What I have seen and heard today has made a very deep
impression on me.
今天我的所見所聞給我留下了非常深刻的印象。
When we will have a meeting is an important question.
我們何時舉行一次會議是個重要的問題。
Where we shall do the test is still under discussion.
我們在什么地方做這個實驗還在討論之中。
Whatever he said is right.
他所說的話都是對的。
Whoever gets the job will have a lot of things to do.
任何得到這份工作的人都將有很多事情要做。
Whichever （of you） comes in first will receive a prize.
（你們中）誰先進來誰得獎。
【即時演練1】　完成句子
① is known now.
現在大家都已經知道他昨天生病了。
② isn’t clear.
他是否會來這里還不清楚。
③ is still a question.
這個女人為什么會被謀殺仍然是個問題。
④ is not clear to anyone.
這事是怎樣發生的，誰也不清楚。
That he was ill yesterday　
Whether he’ll come here　
Why the woman was murdered　
How this happened　
⑤ is welcome.
不論誰來都歡迎。
⑥ has broadened my horizons.
你所告訴我的關于你的國家的事情開闊了我的眼界。
Whoever comes　
What you told me about your country　
2. it作形式主語
為了避免主語顯得過長，尤其是陳述句作主語時，可以用it作句子
的形式主語，真正的主語從句置于句末，使句子更平衡。it作形式
主語時常用于以下句型：
句型 說明
it＋連系動詞＋形容詞＋主語從句 常用形容詞有important、（un）likely、possible、necessary、natural等
it＋連系動詞＋名詞＋主語從句 常用名詞有fact、idea、honour、question、pity等
it＋連系動詞＋過去分詞＋主語從句 常用過去分詞有known、proved、said、suggested、thought、believed等
it＋不及物動詞
＋主語從句 常用動詞有appear、happen、seem、occur、matter等
【點津】　（1）“it＋連系動詞be＋suggested/ordered/required/advised
＋主語從句”結構中，主語從句中的謂語用“（should＋） do”；
（2）在“it＋連系動詞＋important/necessary/strange/...＋主語從句”
結構中，主語從句中的謂語用“（should＋） do”。
It it quite clear that the whole project goes well.
很顯然，整個計劃進展順利。
It’s a pity that you should have to leave.
你非離開不可，真是遺憾。
It seems that it is going to rain.
看起來好像要下雨。
【即時演練2】　完成句子
① she will do well in her exam.
很顯然，她的考試成績會很好。
② we can’t go.
很遺憾我們不能去。
③It is very important that a student .
學生學好英語很重要。
④It is suggested that .
有人建議會議延期召開。
It is obvious that　
It’s a pity that　
（should） learn English well　
the meeting （should） be put off　
⑤ she will come or not.
她是否來這兒無關緊要。
⑥ China has sent another man-made satellite
successfully.
據報道中國又成功發射了一顆人造衛星。
It doesn’t matter whether　
It is reported that　
三、應注意的問題
1. 從句應用陳述語序
When we start off is an important question.
我們何時出發是個重要的問題。
How he succeeded is still a puzzle.
他是如何成功的仍然是個謎。
2. 主謂一致
（1）主句謂語動詞用單數形式的情況
①單個從句作主語時
What our teacher said has left us much to think about.
我們老師所說的話很令我們深思。
②兩個或多個連接詞引導一個主語從句時
When and where the conference will be held has not been
decided yet.
會議將在何時何地舉行還沒定下來。
（2）主句謂語動詞用復數形式的情況：并列從句作主語。
When they will set off for London and where they will stay
have not been decided yet.
他們將何時出發去倫敦以及要住在哪里還沒定下來。
（3）what引導主語從句時，有時主句謂語動詞應與主句中作表語
的名詞保持一致，有時候根據具體意義而定。
What the school needs most are books.
這所學校最需要的是書。
What they need is love.
他們需要的是愛。
【即時演練3】　完成句子
①Who has broken the glass .
誰打破了玻璃現在還不知道。
②What he did and when he did it .
他做了些什么和什么時候做的是我唯一想知道的事情。
③Whether the work can be completed on time .
這項工作能否按時完成還值得懷疑。
④When they will start and where they will go
.
他們將在什么時候動身以及要去哪里還沒定下來。
⑤When and where they will hold the meeting .
他們何時何地召開會議還不清楚。
is unknown　
are the only things I want to know　
is doubtful　
have not been decided
yet　
is not clear　
核心知識·巧突破
探究課堂重點
2
comprise vt.包括，包含；組成，構成
【教材原句】　Run by the China National Space Administration，
China’s space agency， it comprises three stages： orbiting，
landing and returning.由中國國家航天局管理，它包括三個階段：
繞、落、回。
【用法】
（1）be comprised of　包括；包含；由……組成/構成
（2）consist of＝be composed of＝be made up of
包含……；由……組成/構成
【佳句】　Life is comprised of not only sunshine but also storms.
＝Life comprises not only sunshine but also storms.
＝Life is made up of not only sunshine but also storms.
＝Life consists of not only sunshine but storms.
＝Life is composed of not only sunshine but also storms.
生活不僅有陽光，而且還有暴風雨。
【練透】　完成句子
①The collection .
這部畫冊收有327幅畫。
②This team experienced professionals.
這個團隊由經驗豐富的專業人士組成。
comprises 327 paintings　
is comprised of　
③我們班由17名男生和18名女生組成。
→Our class 17 boys and 18 girls.
（comprise）
→Our class 17 boys and 18 girls.（consist）
→Our class 17 boys and 18 girls.（compose）
→Our class 17 boys and 18 girls.（make up）
comprises/is comprised of　
consists of　
is composed of　
is made up of　
【寫美】　一句多譯
foundation n.基礎，根據；地基；創辦；基金會
【教材原句】　The landing of Chang’e 3 proved to be a success and
how it laid the foundation for future exploration was plain to see.
“嫦娥三號”的著陸被證明是成功的，它為未來的探索奠定了怎樣的
基礎是顯而易見的。
【用法】
（1）lay the foundation for　　為……打下基礎
shake/rock the foundations of　　　從根本上動搖……
（2）found vt. 創建；建立；把……建立在
be founded on ... 建立在……基礎上
（3）founder n. 創辦者；發起人
【佳句】　Nowadays， technology is the foundation of our daily lives.
現在科技是我們日常生活的基礎。
【練透】　單句語法填空
①The contract lays solid foundation the cooperation of the two
companies.
②This misunderstanding has shaken the foundations their
friendship.
for　
of　
【寫美】　完成句子
③Family harmony is very important as it
social stability.
家庭和諧非常重要，因為它為社會穩定打下了基礎。
lays the foundation for　
課時檢測·提能力
培育學科素養
3
維度一：基礎題型練
用適當的連接詞填空。
1. seems easy to some people seems difficult to others.
2. she became an artist may have been due to her father’s
influence.
3. is interested in the activity can sign their names.
4. It doesn’t interest me you succeed or not.
What　
That　
Whoever　
whether　
5. she will come back school depends on her mother.
6. his parents would allow him to go out for a trip was a
question.
7. the author referred to in his article was unknown to the
general readers.
8. will be our English teacher in the new term hasn’t been
decided yet.
9. travel agency will get the chance was discussed by school
administrators.
10. she didn’t attend the wedding party is that she had a
headache.
When　
Whether　
What　
Who　
Which　
Why　
維度二：語法與寫作
用主語從句完成下列句子。
1. ought to turn off the lights.
無論誰最后離開房間，都應該把燈關掉。
2. is a secret.
他昨天為什么來這里是個秘密。
3. doesn’t bother me too much.
她是否會來我都不太在意。
4. the video turns out splendid.
很明顯視頻是極好的。
Whoever leaves the room last　
Why he came here yesterday　
Whether she is coming or not　
It is obvious that　
5. is enough sleep.
我們最需要的是充足的睡眠。
6. is known to all.
眾所周知，他能流利地說英語。
7. he can come to Jenny’s birthday party or
not.
他是否能來參加珍妮的生日聚會還不確定。
8. is considered the financial center of the city.
他工作的地方被認為是這座城市的金融中心。
What we need most　
That he can speak English fluently　
It is uncertain whether　
Where he works　
維度三：語法與語篇
閱讀下面短文，用適當的連接詞填空。
　　Grandma has been complaining about the vegetables sold in the
supermarket， which have been grown using chemical fertilisers.To her，
1. they look beautiful on the outside is obvious.However，
2. she is unhappy about is the lower nutritional value and
reduced flavour.Now that both of my grandparents have retired from their
jobs in the city， 3. they are going to spend their retirement is an
important decision for them.4. they can live a healthy life is
the first thing they are considering.So they have made up their minds to
move to the countryside， where they can live a green life.
that　
what　
how　
Whether　
Ⅰ.閱讀理解
A
　　Valerie L. Thomas is an African-American scientist and inventor best
known for her patented （獲得專利的） illusion transmitter （幻覺發射
機） and contributions to NASA research.
　　Thomas was born in 1943 in Maryland.She was interested in science
as a child.At the age of eight， her curiosity about how things worked
inspired her to borrow a book called The Boy’s First Book of Radio and
Electronics， which she took home hoping her father would help her take
on some projects in it.However， he didn’t help her.
　　She attended an all-girls high school that did not help her with hands
on projects either.But this changed in college， when Thomas was
admitted to Morgan State University as one of the only two women in her
class to major in physics.Thomas her studies.She
graduated with excellent results and accepted a position as a data analyst at
NASA.
excelled in　
　　In the 1970s， she managed the development of the image-processing
systems for Landsat， the first satellite to send images to the Earth from
space.In 1980， Thomas received a patent for an illusion transmitter.The
device produces optical illusion images by means of two concave mirrors
（凹面鏡）.Unlike flat mirrors， which produce images that appear to be
inside， or behind the mirror， concave mirrors create images that appear
to be real， or in front of the mirror itself.This technology was later used
by NASA and has since been adapted for use in surgery （外科手術） as
well as the production of television and video screens.
　　Thomas continued to work for NASA until her retirement in
1995.Over the course of her career， Thomas contributed widely to the
study of space.She helped develop computer program designs that
supported research on Halley’s Comet， the ozone layer， and satellite
technology.For her achievements， Thomas received a number of NASA
awards including the Goddard Space Flight Center Award of Merit and the
NASA Equal Opportunity Medal.
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章簡要介紹了非裔美國科學家瓦
萊麗·L·托馬斯，她是一位發明家，對美國的太空研究作出了廣泛貢
獻。
本文是一篇說明文。文章簡要介紹了非裔美國科學家瓦
萊麗·L·托馬斯，她是一位發明家，對美國的太空研究作出了廣泛貢
獻。
1. What do we know about Thomas’ early life？（　　）
A. She was talented in science.
B. She liked working with her father.
C. She lacked support for her interest.
D. She preferred to read boys’ books.
解析：　細節理解題。根據第二段內容以及第三段中的She
attended an all-girls high school that did not help her with hands on
projects either.可知，瓦萊麗·L·托馬斯在早期生活中缺乏別人對她
的興趣的支持。
2. What does the underlined phrase “excelled in” in Paragraph 3
mean？（　?。?br/>A. Did well in.
B. Had confidence in.
C. Was curious about.
D. Was concerned with.
解析：　詞義猜測題。根據畫線短語下文She graduated with
excellent results and accepted a position as a data analyst at NASA. 可
推知，畫線短語意為“表現良好”。
3. What is the advantage of Thomas’ invention over flat mirrors？
（　?。?br/>A. It takes pictures more clearly.
B. It transmits images more quickly.
C. It changes the position of the image.
D. It can send images to the Earth from space.
解析：　細節理解題。根據第四段中的Unlike flat mirrors， which
produce images that appear to be inside ...or in front of the mirror
itself.可知，托馬斯的發明相對于平面鏡的優點是它改變了圖像的
位置。
4. What does the last paragraph focus on？（　?。?br/>A. Thomas’ future plans.
B. Thomas’ retirement life.
C. Thomas’ research theory.
D. Thomas’ lifetime achievements.
解析：　段落大意題。根據最后一段中的For her
achievements， Thomas received a number of NASA
awards ...and the NASA Equal Opportunity Medal.可知，最后
一段主要講述了托馬斯一生的成就。
B
　　Over the next 20 years， we are going to send more and better robots
to Mars.Those robots will send back better pictures， maps， samples，
and weather reports.There is a limit to what robots can tell us， though，
so eventually we will have to send people to study the planet.Before
people can visit Mars， we need to invent a spaceship that can take us
there.Mars is very far away.Depending on where Mars and Earth are in
their orbits around the Sun， it could take between six months to a year to
get there.
　　The Moon is much closer.Over the next 10 years， we are going to
work on building a new spacecraft that can go to the Moon.Using this
craft， we will practise the skills we need to go to Mars.
　　Once we get to the Moon， we are going to build a station so that
people can live and work on the Moon for months at a time.This is
important so that we have a place to start from when we want to visit
Mars， but it is also important because it gives us practice with living
away from the Earth.
　　By the time you are old enough to be an astronaut， we will have
people spending months on the Moon.By the time you are old enough to
be a commander of a space mission we will be taking trips to Mars.By the
time your kids are old enough to be astronauts， we may have people
living on Mars.Wouldn’t it be cool to get a postcard from someone who
was building a house on Mars？ Wouldn’t it be cooler if it was you who
sent the postcard？
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了人類對火星的探索，并
對未來予以憧憬。
本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了人類對火星的探索，并
對未來予以憧憬。
5. Why do we eventually have to send people to Mars？（　?。?br/>A. Because the pictures that robots have sent back are not very clear.
B. Because robots can’t tell us all we want to know.
C. Because robots are controlled by us humans.
D. Because the samples robots have sent back are not good enough.
解析：　細節理解題。根據第一段中的There is a limit to what
robots can tell us， though， so eventually we will have to send people
to study the planet.可知，我們之所以需要將人類送上火星，是因為
僅憑機器人，我們所掌握的信息是有限的。
6. What can we know from the first paragraph？（　?。?br/>A. The distance between Earth and Mars is not always the same.
B. The distance between Earth and Mars is nearly the same.
C. The distance between Earth and Mars is unchangeable.
D. The distance between Earth and Mars never changes very much.
解析：　推理判斷題。根據第一段最后一句可知，從地球到火星
需要6至12個月的時間。由此可知，火星和地球之間的距離是不固
定的。
7. Why is a space station on the Moon important？（　?。?br/>A. Because people can learn to adapt to living on other planets.
B. Because people can practice planting crops in it.
C. Because the new spacecraft can only land in it.
D. Because astronauts can practise skills they need to go to Mars.
解析：　推理判斷題。根據倒數第二段最后一句可知，空間站可
以給人們提供離開地球生活的實踐經歷，說明人們在空間站可以學
會適應其他星球上的生活。
8. The author of the passage 　　　　.（　?。?br/>A. thinks that trips to the Moon are an unrealistic dream
B. encourages kids to be astronauts
C. hopes to receive a postcard from Mars
D. is sure people’s dream of living on Mars will come true
解析：　推理判斷題。根據最后一段中的By the time your kids are
old enough to be astronauts， we may have people living on Mars.可
知，作者認為在未來，會有人在火星上生活，說明作者相信人類在
火星上生活的夢想終會實現。
Ⅱ.閱讀七選五
　　Space tourism， in which people pay to travel beyond Earth’s
atmosphere and experience spaceflight， is becoming more popular than
ever as companies like SpaceX are competing to provide the public with
this experience.9.（　?。?In this article， we will look at the pros and
cons （利與弊） of future space tourism.
　　Let’s talk about the benefits first.By opening up new markets and
creating new opportunities for businesses， space tourism can help the
space industry.10.（　?。?With more funding （資金）， there will be
more research and development， which will benefit space exploration and
development in the long run.
　　Besides， space tourism can lead to technological advances in
rocketry， life-support systems， and space habitats.These advancements
may benefit other industries on Earth.Space tourism can also generate a
greater public interest in space exploration as news media follow the
progress of space tourists and the companies that provide these
services.11.（　　）
　　Certainly， space tourism is not without drawbacks （弊端）.One of
the most significant disadvantages of space tourism is its high cost.With
prices reaching millions of dollars per trip， space travel is not accessible
for everyone.12.（　?。?While companies have demonstrated their
ability to launch and land spacecraft safely， there is always the possibility
of an accident.
　　13. （　?。?While it has the potential to be a great economic and
scientific opportunity， it is also a costly and potentially risky
business.So， before moving forward with this new industry， it is
critical to carefully consider all of its pros and cons.
A. Space tourism can also pose a safety risk.
B. This may encourage more investment in the industry.
C. Overall， there are benefits and drawbacks to space tourism.
D. There is also concern that it will harm the environment of outer space.
E. The increased interest could inspire more people to seek a career in the
field.
F. Companies would need to build more spacecraft to accommodate the
increased demand.
G. Still， the question of whether space tourism is a good idea has become
the focus of debate.
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了太空旅游的利與
弊。
9. G　上文說明了太空旅游比以往任何時候都更受歡迎，一些公司競
相為公眾提供這種體驗。下文則指出本文將介紹未來太空旅游的利與
弊。G項符合語境，與上文構成讓步關系。
本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了太空旅游的利與
弊。
10. B　設空處前一句說明了太空旅游將開辟新市場，為企業創造新
機會，助力航天業。設空處后一句指出：有了更多的資金，就會有更
多的研發工作，從長遠來看，這將有利于太空探索和發展。B項符合
語境，與下文構成因果關系。B項中的This指代設空處前一句描述的
情況。
11. E　設空處前一句說明了由于新聞媒體會持續關注太空游客和提供
這些服務的公司，所以太空旅游能提高公眾對太空探索的興趣。E項
符合語境，對上文內容作出進一步解釋說明。E項中的The increased
interest與設空處前一句中的a greater public interest相呼應。
12. A　上文介紹了太空旅游的一個顯著缺點是費用高昂。設空處后
一句提到：盡管很多公司已經證明其具有安全發射并著陸航天器的能
力，但事故發生的可能性始終是存在的。A項符合語境，對設空處后
一句的內容進行概括說明。
13. C　設空處位于最后一段的段首，而下文提到太空旅游既可能是
機遇，也可能存在風險，因此，在發展這一新行業之前，認真考慮其
所有優缺點至關重要。由此可推知，設空處應是對上文內容的概括總
結，故C項符合語境。
Ⅲ.完形填空
　　When my poetry was published in the junior high school yearbook， I
wanted to write.In high school， I 　14　 the newspaper staff as a novice
sophomore （高二新手） amidst a sea of experienced seniors.Our
journalism advisor was Mr G. As a teacher， he was always 　15　，
having an extraordinary gift for reaching his students.Most importantly，
he possessed the ability to breathe belief into students who may have
not 　16　 themselves — including me.
　　In what I had believed to be highly 　17　 wisdom， Mr G appointed
me editorial editor.Sophomores were not simply granted that level of
responsibility； 　18　， sophomores were not even supposed to be on
the newspaper staff at all.However， Mr G never once cared about
my 　19　 as a sophomore， nor did he 　20　 me to the rest of staff
members. 　21　， he focused on raw talent that I did not yet see.
　　When the criticism from other staff members finally became too
much， I did what any 　22　 fifteen-year-old would do： I 　23　 to
give up my editor position.Mr G 　24　.He said， “You are not less
talented.So， you don’t get to give up.You’re going to show them
what you’ve got instead.” Left with no 　25　， I showed them.
　　“Showing them” did not exactly 　26　 my life overnight and the
criticism 　27　.However， Mr G’s words forced me to stand up for
myself and make myself heard.Today， I am a published author.Because
of Mr G’s 　28　， my dream continues to this day.
語篇解讀：本文是一篇記敘文。在Mr G的支持和鼓勵下，“我”堅
持在報紙編輯團隊中磨練自己，最終成為一名真正的作家。
本文是一篇記敘文。在Mr G的支持和鼓勵下，“我”堅
持在報紙編輯團隊中磨練自己，最終成為一名真正的作家。
14. A. appointed B. joined
C. visited D. helped
解析：　根據下文Mr G appointed me editorial editor可知，
“我”在高二的時候加入了報紙編輯團隊。
15. A. recognizable B. visible
C. flexible D. approachable
解析：　根據下文having an extraordinary gift for reaching his
students可知，Mr G十分平易近人。
16. A. referred to B. shown off
C. believed in D. agreed with
解析：　根據下文Sophomores were not simply
granted ...supposed to be on the newspaper staff at all可知，Mr G能
夠激發那些沒有自信的學生，讓他們相信自己。
17. A. questionable B. collective
C. traditional D. popular
解析：　根據下文Sophomores were not simply granted ...supposed to be on the newspaper staff at all可知，“我”曾對Mr G任命“我”當社論編輯的想法表示懷疑。因為“我”認為高二年級的學生通常不被授予那種責任；事實上，高二學生根本不應該在報紙編輯團隊中任職。
18. A. as a result B. in fact
C. in return D. on the contrary
解析：　參見上題解析。
19. A. warning B. standing
C. contribution D. expectation
解析：　根據上文Sophomores were simply not
granted ...supposed to be on the newspaper staff at all.However ...
可知，Mr G從未在意過“我”高二學生的身份，也從未將“我”
與其他編輯團隊成員進行比較。相反，他專注于發掘連“我”自
己都不了解的、天生具有的才能。
20. A. add B. remember
C. introduce D. compare
解析：　參見上題解析。
21. A. Otherwise B. Besides
C. Instead D. Therefore
解析：　參見第19題解析。
22. A. well-mannered B. self-approving
C. warm-hearted D. self-respecting
解析：　根據下文He said “You are not less talented.So， you
don’t get to give up.You’re going to show them what you’ve got
instead.”可知，“我”做了任何一個有自尊心的十五歲孩子都會
做的事情：“我”試圖放棄“我”的編輯職位。但Mr G拒絕了
“我”。在別無選擇的情況下，“我”聽取了Mr G的建議，向其
他人展示了“我”的能力。
23. A. attempted B. failed
C. afforded D. hated
解析：　參見上題解析。
24. A. recovered B. apologized
C. adapted D. refused
解析：　參見第22題解析。
25. A. offer B. excuse
C. alternative D. answer
解析：　參見第22題解析。
26. A. transform B. trouble
C. explain D. destroy
解析：　根據“Showing them” did not exactly 可知，“向其他
人展示”并沒有使“我”的生活在一夜之間發生改變，批評的聲
音依舊不斷。
27. A. spread B. continued
C. worked D. mattered
解析：　參見上題解析。
28. A. protection B. exception
C. advice D. promise
解析：　根據上文He said， “You are not less talented.So， you
don’t get to give up.You’re going to show them what you’ve got
instead.”可知，正是因為Mr G的建議，“我”的夢想才能延續至
今天。
Ⅳ.語法填空
　　In the classic fairy tale， Hansel and Gretel dropped bread crumbs
（碎屑） while 29. 　　　　　　 （walk） through a forest to avoid
losing their way.Rovers may one day use a similar trick 30. 　　　　　　
（explore） other planets without losing their date.
　　31. 　　　　　　 （typical）， if a rover loses contact with Earth
for good， all the data it has gathered will be lost.To avoid this，
32. 　　　　　　 （researcher） suggest using a multi-rover system.In
that setup， a small rover would ride on the back of 33. 　　　　　 larger
“mother rover”， then jump off the mother rover to enter any uncertain
territory， and drop sensors like bread crumbs behind it as it proceeds.And
those sensors could wirelessly pass any 34. 　　　　　　 （collect） data
back to the mother rover.
　　Wolfgang Fink and his team 35. 　　　　　　 （publish） their
work on 11 February 2023.To show the concept could work， his team
built their first “bread crumb” sensors 36. 　　　　　　 communicate
via Wi-Fi.
　　The “bread crumb” strategy could also be useful here on
Earth.Imagine a natural disaster， such as an earthquake.A sensor-
dropping rover could 37. 　　　　　　 （send） into places that are too
dangerous for people to navigate （駕駛）.Even if the rover broke
down， its trail of sensors could still return its observations
38. 　　　　　　 search-and-rescue teams.
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。受童話故事啟發，研究人員開發了
一種探索其他星球的新方法。
本文是一篇說明文。受童話故事啟發，研究人員開發了
一種探索其他星球的新方法。
29. walking　考查非謂語動詞。設空處與through a forest一起作狀語，
且Hansel and Gretel與walk之間是邏輯上的主謂關系，故填walking。
30. to explore　考查非謂語動詞。use sth to do sth意為“使用某物做某
事”，故填to explore。
31. Typically　考查詞形轉換。設空處在句中作狀語，應用副詞，故
填Typically。
32. researchers　考查名詞復數。researcher是可數名詞，在此處表泛
指，且其前無冠詞，應用其復數形式，故填researchers。
33. a　考查冠詞。設空處表泛指，且larger的發音以輔音音素開頭，
故填a。
34. collected　考查非謂語動詞。設空處作定語，修飾名詞data， data
與collect之間為邏輯上的動賓關系，應用過去分詞。故填collected。
35. published　考查動詞的時態。設空處作謂語，根據設空后的on 11
February 2023可知，此處描述的是發生在過去的事情，應用一般過去
時，故填published。
36. that/which　考查定語從句。設空處引導限制性定語從句，指代先
行詞their first “bread crumb” sensors，且在從句中作主語，故填
that/which。
37. be sent　考查動詞的語態。A sensor-dropping rover與send之間是被
動關系，應用被動語態，且設空處前有could，故填be sent。
38. to　考查介詞。return A to B為固定搭配，意為“把A帶回、歸
還、放回或送回至B”，故填to。
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